Sample records for mill deopdd sequence
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Wheat quality is defined by culinary end-uses and processing characteristics. Wheat breeders are interested to identify quantitative trait loci for grain, milling, and end-use quality traits because it is imperative to understand the genetic complexity underlying quantitatively inherited traits to ...
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An automated rough mill for the production of interior furniture parts
Philip A. Araman; Edwin L. Lucas
1975-01-01
An automated rough mill layout has been designed for manufacturing interior furniture parts. Designed to reduce human decisions and mistakes that can be costly when converting lumber into parts, the mill is based on a manufacturing sequence in which lumber is first gangsaw-ripped into standard-width strips before being crosscut to remove defects and cut to specific...
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is an economically important tropical fruit native to Mesoamerica. It belongs to the Lauraceae family and is subdivided in three horticultural races (Guatemalan, Mexican, and West Indian) based primarily on ecological adaptation, botanical and physiological traits. T...
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Sequencing of Dust Filter Production Process Using Design Structure Matrix (DSM)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sari, R. M.; Matondang, A. R.; Syahputri, K.; Anizar; Siregar, I.; Rizkya, I.; Ursula, C.
2018-01-01
Metal casting company produces machinery spare part for manufactures. One of the product produced is dust filter. Most of palm oil mill used this product. Since it is used in most of palm oil mill, company often have problems to address this product. One of problem is the disordered of production process. It carried out by the job sequencing. The important job that should be solved first, least implement, while less important job and could be completed later, implemented first. Design Structure Matrix (DSM) used to analyse and determine priorities in the production process. DSM analysis is sort of production process through dependency sequencing. The result of dependency sequences shows the sequence process according to the inter-process linkage considering before and after activities. Finally, it demonstrates their activities to the coupled activities for metal smelting, refining, grinding, cutting container castings, metal expenditure of molds, metal casting, coating processes, and manufacture of molds of sand.
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
The phytoplasma associated with witches’ broom disease of loofah (Luffa aegyptica Mill., syn. L.uffa cylindrica (L.) M.J. Roem.) in Taiwan was classified in group 16SrVIII, subgroup A (16SrVIII-A), based on results from actual and in silico RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. Nucleotide sequ...
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The Microbiology of Olive Mill Wastes
Ntougias, Spyridon; Bourtzis, Kostas
2013-01-01
Olive mill wastes (OMWs) are high-strength organic effluents, which upon disposal can degrade soil and water quality, negatively affecting aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The main purpose of this review paper is to provide an up-to-date knowledge concerning the microbial communities identified over the past 20 years in olive mill wastes using both culture-dependent and independent approaches. A database survey of 16S rRNA gene sequences (585 records in total) obtained from olive mill waste environments revealed the dominance of members of Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Independent studies confirmed that OMW microbial communities' structure is cultivar dependant. On the other hand, the detection of fecal bacteria and other potential human pathogens in OMWs is of major concern and deserves further examination. Despite the fact that the degradation and detoxification of the olive mill wastes have been mostly investigated through the application of known bacterial and fungal species originated from other environmental sources, the biotechnological potential of indigenous microbiota should be further exploited in respect to olive mill waste bioremediation and inactivation of plant and human pathogens. The implementation of omic and metagenomic approaches will further elucidate disposal issues of olive mill wastes. PMID:24199199
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Lu, Xiao-Ming; Lu, Peng-Zhen
2014-11-01
The pyrosequencing technique was used to evaluate bacterial community structures in sediment and surface water samples taken from Nanxi River receiving effluents from a paper mill and a farmhouse hotel, respectively. For each sample, 4,610 effective bacterial sequences were selected and used to do the analysis of diversity and abundance, respectively. Bacterial phylotype richness in the sediment sample without effluent input was higher than the other samples, and the surface water sample with addition of effluent from the paper mill contained the least richness. Effluents from both the paper mill and farmhouse hotel have a potential to reduce the bacterial diversity and abundance in the sediment and surface water, especially it is more significant in the sediment. The effect of the paper mill effluent on the sediment and surface water bacterial communities was more serious than that of the farmhouse hotel effluent. Characterization of microbial community structures in the sediment and surface water from two tributaries of the downstream river indicated that various effluents from the paper mill and farmhouse hotel have the similar potential to decrease the natural variability in riverine microbial ecosystems.
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Suihko, Maija-Liisa; Partanen, Laila; Mattila-Sandholm, Tiina; Raaska, Laura
2005-08-01
The aim of this work was to characterize the cultivable obligate anaerobic bacterial population in paper mill environments. A total of 177 anaerobically grown bacterial isolates were screened for aerotolerance, from which 67 obligate anaerobes were characterized by automated ribotyping and 41 were further identified by partial 16S rDNA sequencing. The mesophilic isolates indicated 11 different taxa (species) within the genus Clostridium and the thermophilic isolates four taxa within the genus Thermoanaerobacterium and one within Thermoanaerobacter (both formerly Clostridium). The most widespread mesophilic bacterium was closely related to C. magnum and occurred in three of four mills. One mill was contaminated with a novel mesophilic bacterium most closely related to C. thiosulfatireducens. The most common thermophile was T. thermosaccharolyticum, occurring in all four mills. The genetic relationships of the mill isolates to described species indicated that most of them are potential members of new species. On the basis of identical ribotypes clay could be identified to be the contamination source of thermophilic bacteria. Automated ribotyping can be a useful tool for the identification of clostridia as soon as comprehensive identification libraries are available.
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Research on the Treatment of Aluminum Alloy Chemical Milling Wastewater with Fenton Process
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zong-liang, Huang; Ru, Li; Peng, Luo; Jun-li, Gu
2018-03-01
The aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater was treated by Fenton method. The effect of pH value, reaction time, rotational speed, H2O2 dosage, Fe2+ dosage and the molar ratio between H2O2 and Fe2+ on the COD removal rate of aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater were investigated by single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment. The results showed that the optimum operating conditions for Fenton oxidation were as follows: the initial pH value was 3, the rotational speed was 250r/min, the molar ratio of H2O2 and Fe2+ was 8, the reaction time was 90 min. Under the optimum conditions, the removal rate of the wastewater’s COD is about 72.36%. In the reaction kinetics that aluminum alloy chemical milling wastewater was oxidized and degraded by Fenton method under the optimum conditions, the reaction sequence of the initial COD was 0.8204.
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Selective enrichment of a methanol-utilizing consortium using pulp & paper mill waste streams
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Gregory R. Mockos; William A. Smith; Frank J. Loge
Efficient utilization of carbon inputs is critical to the economic viability of the current forest products sector. Input carbon losses occur in various locations within a pulp mill, including losses as volatile organics and wastewater . Opportunities exist to capture this carbon in the form of value-added products such as biodegradable polymers. Waste activated sludge from a pulp mill wastewater facility was enriched for 80 days for a methanol-utilizing consortium with the goal of using this consortium to produce biopolymers from methanol-rich pulp mill waste streams. Five enrichment conditions were utilized: three high-methanol streams from the kraft mill foul condensatemore » system, one methanol-amended stream from the mill wastewater plant, and one methanol-only enrichment. Enrichment reactors were operated aerobically in sequencing batch mode at neutral pH and 25°C with a hydraulic residence time and a solids retention time of four days. Non-enriched waste activated sludge did not consume methanol or reduce chemical oxygen demand. With enrichment, however, the chemical oxygen demand reduction over 24 hour feed/decant cycles ranged from 79 to 89 %, and methanol concentrations dropped below method detection limits. Neither the non-enriched waste activated sludge nor any of the enrichment cultures accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Similarly, the non-enriched waste activated sludge did not accumulate PHAs under nitrogen limited conditions. By contrast, enriched cultures accumulated PHAs to nearly 14% on a dry weight basis under nitrogen limited conditions. This indicates that selectively-enriched pulp mill waste activated sludge can serve as an inoculum for PHA production from methanol-rich pulp mill effluents.« less
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Selective Enrichment of a Methanol-Utilizing Consortium Using Pulp and Paper Mill Waste Streams
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mockos, Gregory R.; Smith, William A.; Loge, Frank J.; Thompson, David N.
Efficient utilization of carbon inputs is critical to the economic viability of the current forest products sector. Input carbon losses occur in various locations within a pulp mill, including losses as volatile organics and wastewater. Opportunities exist to capture this carbon in the form of value-added products such as biodegradable polymers. Wasteactivated sludge from a pulp mill wastewater facility was enriched for 80 days for a methanol-utilizing consortium with the goal of using this consortium to produce biopolymers from methanol-rich pulp mill waste streams. Five enrichment conditions were utilized: three high-methanol streams from the kraft mill foul condensate system, one methanol-amended stream from the mill wastewater plant, and one methanol-only enrichment. Enrichment reactors were operated aerobically in sequencing batch mode at neutral pH and 25°C with a hydraulic residence time and a solids retention time of 4 days. Non-enriched waste activated sludge did not consume methanol or reduce chemical oxygen demand. With enrichment, however, the chemical oxygen demand reduction over 24-h feed/ decant cycles ranged from 79 to 89%, and methanol concentrations dropped below method detection limits. Neither the non-enriched waste-activated sludge nor any of the enrichment cultures accumulated polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) under conditions of nitrogen sufficiency. Similarly, the non-enriched waste activated sludge did not accumulate PHAs under nitrogen-limited conditions. By contrast, enriched cultures accumulated PHAs to nearly 14% on a dry weight basis under nitrogen-limited conditions. This indicates that selectively enriched pulp mill waste activated sludge can serve as an inoculum for PHA production from methanol-rich pulp mill effluents.
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No geochemical evidence for an asteroidal impact at late Devonian mass extinction horizon
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
McGhee, G. R., Jr.; Gilmore, J. S.; Orth, C. J.; Olsen, E.
1984-04-01
Three sedimentary sequences in New York State (Dunkirk Beach, Walnut Creek Gorge, and Mills Mills) and one sedimentary sequence in Belgium (Sinsin), that cross the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian boundary, were examined for an iridium (Ir) anomaly to determine whether the biotic extinctions at the end of the Cretaceous could have been caused by an asteroidal impact. The sampling at three of the four areas was on 2-cm center points, and 15 to 20 g of sample were collected. The instrumental neutron activation method required 5 g samples, and consequently the distance between samples was less than 1 cm. Though the Devonian samples studied had a high probability of locating an Ir anomaly, none was found. The highest Ir values were between 0.2 and 2 percent of those reported for the marine and terrestrial Ir analyses at the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary, and Devonian pyrite-rich sediments did not exhibit high Ir concentrations.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vardanyan, E. L.; Budilov, V. V.; Ramazanov, K. N.; Ataullin, Z. R.
2017-07-01
Thin-film wear-resistant coatings are widely used to increase life and efficiency of metal cutting tools. This paper shows the results of a study on the influence of architecture (number, sequence and thickness of layers) of wear-resistant coatings on physical, mechanical and operational properties of end mills. Coatings consisting of alternating Ti-Al/Ti-Al-N layers of equal thickness demonstrated the best physical and mechanical properties. Durability of coated tools when processing materials from chromium-vanadium steel increased twice as compared to uncoated tools.
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Drake, Avery Ala; Lyttle, Peter T.
1981-01-01
The newly named Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone of the Eastern Fairfax sequence are the structurally lowest metamorphic rocks in the northernmost Piedmont of Virginia. The Accotink consists of beds of pelitic schist that have thin basal intervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone, as well as interbeds of metasandstone like that in the overlying Lake Barcroft Metasandstone. The unit is characterized by the Bouma turbidite sequences Te and Tde and can be assigned to turbidite facies D and E. The thickness of the Accotink is not known because its base is not exposed. The Accotink Schist grades up into the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone, which consists of two types of metasandstone. Type I metaarenite is quartzofeldspathic granofels which forms thick sequences of amalgamated beds that can best be described as belonging to the Bouma turbidite sequence Ta and to turbidite facies B 2 . Type II metagraywacke of the Lake Barcroft Metasandstone consists of micaceous metagraywacke in thin to medium beds, which can be described as belonging to the Buoma turbidite sequences Tabe and (or) Tae and to turbidite facies C. The Lake Barcroft Metasandstone appears to be about 400 m thick. It and the Accotink Schist are thought to represent a coarsening-upward sequence of an outer submarine-fan association of rocks. The Eastern Fairfax sequence is overlain by the Sykesville Formation. We believe that this contact is a movement surface upon which the Sykesville was emplaced by subaqueous sliding. The Sykesville contains isoclinally folded fragments, thought to be rip-ups, of Accotink and Lake Barcroft rocks. The Eastern Fairfax sequence is intruded by rocks of the Occoquan Granite batholith, which contains pendants of isoclinally folded schist and metagraywacke. Mter intrusion, the metasedimentary and plutonic rocks were folded together. Gamet and chlorite porphyroblasts within the Eastern Fairfax sequence appear to be related to the emplacement of the batholith. The minimum age of the Eastern Fairfax sequence is that of the Occoquan Granite batholith, currently thought to be about 560 m.y. The sequence, then, is considered to be of Early Cambrian age or older. The Accotink Schist and Lake Barcroft Metasandstone have some lithic similarity to the Loch Raven Schist and Oella Formation of Crowley (1976) of the Baltimore area, but a correlation is very uncertain at this time. The newly named Popes Head Formation overlies all other metasedimentary and transported meta-igneous rocks in northernmost Virginia west ofthe Occoquan Granite batholith and is intruded by the batholith. The Popes Head consists of a lower Old Mill Branch Metasiltstone Member and an upper Station Hills Phyllite Member. The Old Mill Branch consists largely of alternating coarser and finer grained strata that are mostly fine- to very fine grained, mineralogically quite mature graded metasiltstone, which can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tbde and (or) Tde, more rarely Tcde. The metasiltstone contains interbedded intervals in which both felsic and mafic metatuff contain pristine euhedral crystals of igneous minerals. We believe that the metatuff represents ash-fall deposits. The Old Mill Branch appears to be about 730 m thick. The Old Mill Branch grades up into the Station Hills Phyllite Member, which consists of thin- to medium-bedded pelitic phyllite and smaller amounts of very fine grained metasiltstone. The metasiltstone beds are graded, and many phyllite beds appear to have basal in- tervals containing graded, very fine grained metasiltstone. These beds can be described as belonging to Bouma turbidite sequence Tde. The Station Hills has intervals containing chlorite-rich phyllite, which probably represents mafic metatuff. No felsic metatuff has been recognized. The top of the Station Hills is not known, neither therefore, is its thickness. This unit appears to have a maximum thickness of about 300 m in northern
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Moreano, Francisco; Busch, Ulrich; Engel, Karl-Heinz
2005-12-28
Milling fractions from conventional and transgenic corn were prepared at laboratory scale and used to study the influence of sample composition and heat-induced DNA degradation on the relative quantification of genetically modified organisms (GMO) in food products. Particle size distributions of the obtained fractions (coarse grits, regular grits, meal, and flour) were characterized using a laser diffraction system. The application of two DNA isolation protocols revealed a strong correlation between the degree of comminution of the milling fractions and the DNA yield in the extracts. Mixtures of milling fractions from conventional and transgenic material (1%) were prepared and analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction. Accurate quantification of the adjusted GMO content was only possible in mixtures containing conventional and transgenic material in the form of analogous milling fractions, whereas mixtures of fractions exhibiting different particle size distributions delivered significantly over- and underestimated GMO contents depending on their compositions. The process of heat-induced nucleic acid degradation was followed by applying two established quantitative assays showing differences between the lengths of the recombinant and reference target sequences (A, deltal(A) = -25 bp; B, deltal(B) = +16 bp; values related to the amplicon length of the reference gene). Data obtained by the application of method A resulted in underestimated recoveries of GMO contents in the samples of heat-treated products, reflecting the favored degradation of the longer target sequence used for the detection of the transgene. In contrast, data yielded by the application of method B resulted in increasingly overestimated recoveries of GMO contents. The results show how commonly used food technological processes may lead to distortions in the results of quantitative GMO analyses.
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Transformations in oxides induced by high-energy ball-milling.
Šepelák, Vladimir; Bégin-Colin, Sylvie; Le Caër, Gérard
2012-10-21
This paper, by no means exhaustive, focuses on high-energy ball-milling of oxides, on their mechanically induced changes and on the consequences of such changes on their physical and chemical properties. High-energy ball-milling offers a fortunate combination of technical simplicity and of complexity both of physical mechanisms which act during milling and of mechanosynthesized materials. Its basic interest, which stems from the large diversity of routes it offers to prepare oxides either directly or indirectly, is illustrated with various families of oxides. The direct path is to be favoured when as-milled oxides are of interest per se because of their nanocrystalline characteristics, their defects or their modified structures which result from mechanically driven phase transformations. The indirect path consists of a sequence of steps starting with mechanically activated oxides which may be subsequently just annealed or submitted to a combination of thermal treatments, with the possible occurrence of various chemical reactions, to prepare the sought-after materials with potential gains in processing temperatures and times. High energy ball-milling of oxides is more and more currently used to activate powders and to prepare nano-oxides at moderate temperatures. The interest of an activation step is well illustrated by the broad development of doped titania powders, synthesized by heat treatment of pre-ground reactants, for photocatalytic applications or to develop antibacterial materials. Another important class of applications of high-energy ball-milling is the formation of composites. It is exemplified here with the case of oxide-dispersed strengthened alloys whose properties are considerably improved by a dispersion of ultra-stable nanosized oxides whose formation mechanisms were recently described. The basic understanding of the mechanisms by which oxides or oxide mixtures evolve by high-energy ball-milling appears to be less advanced than it is for metallic materials essentially because of the overall complexity of the oxide structures, of their surfaces, of their defects and of their mechanical behavior.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Farraji, Hossein; Zaman, Nastaein Qamaruz; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Sa'at, Siti Kamariah Md
2017-10-01
Palm oil mill effluent (POME) is the largest wastewater in Malaysia. Of the 60 million tons of POME produced annually, 2.4-3 million tons are total solids. Turbidity is caused by suspended solids, and 75% of total suspended solids are organic matter. Coagulation and flocculation are popular treatments for turbidity removal. Traditional commercial treatments do not meet discharge standards. This study evaluated natural zeolite and municipal wastewater (MWW)-augmented sequencing batch reactor as a microbiological digestion method for the decontamination of POME in response surface methodology. Aeration, contact time, and MWW/POME ratio were selected as response factors for turbidity removal. Results indicated that turbidity removal varied from 96.7% (MWW/POME ratio=50 %, aeration flow=0.5 L/min, and contact time=12) to 99.31% (MWW/POME ratio=80%, aeration flow 4L/min, and contact time 12 h). This study is the first to present MWW augmentation as a suitable microorganism supplier for turbidity biodegradation in high-strength agroindustrial wastewater.
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Growth of surface and corner cracks in beta-processed and mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bell, P. D.
1975-01-01
Empirical stress-intensity expressions were developed to relate the growth of cracks from corner flaws to the growth of cracks from surface flaws. An experimental program using beta-processed Ti-6Al-4V verified these expressions for stress ratios, R greater than or equal to 0. An empirical crack growth-rate expression which included stress-ratio and stress-level effects was also developed. Cracks grew approximately 10 percent faster in transverse-grain material than in longitudinal-grain material and at approximately the same rate in longitudinal-grain mill-annealed Ti-6Al-4V. Specimens having surface and corner cracks and made of longitudinal-grain, beta-processed material were tested with block loads, and increasing the stresses in a block did not significantly change the crack growth rates. Truncation of the basic ascending stress sequence within a block caused more rapid crack growth, whereas both the descending and low-to-high stress sequences slowed crack growth.
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Ardley, Julie; Tian, Rui; O’Hara, Graham; ...
2015-12-01
We report that Ensifer medicae WSM244 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Medicago species. WSM244 was isolated in 1979 from a nodule recovered from the roots of the annual Medicago polymorpha L. growing in alkaline soil (pH 8.0) in Tel Afer, Iraq. WSM244 is the only acid-sensitive E. medicae strain that has been sequenced to date. It is effective at fixing nitrogen with M. polymorpha L., as well as with more alkaline-adapted Medicago spp. such as M. littoralis Loisel., M. scutellata (L.) Mill., M. tornata (L.)more » Mill. and M. truncatula Gaertn. This strain is also effective with the perennial M. sativa L. Here we describe the features of E. medicae WSM244, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,650,282 bp high-quality permanent draft genome is arranged into 91 scaffolds of 91 contigs containing 6,427 protein-coding genes and 68 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of the rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project proposal.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ardley, Julie; Tian, Rui; O’Hara, Graham
We report that Ensifer medicae WSM244 is an aerobic, motile, Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rod that can exist as a soil saprophyte or as a legume microsymbiont of Medicago species. WSM244 was isolated in 1979 from a nodule recovered from the roots of the annual Medicago polymorpha L. growing in alkaline soil (pH 8.0) in Tel Afer, Iraq. WSM244 is the only acid-sensitive E. medicae strain that has been sequenced to date. It is effective at fixing nitrogen with M. polymorpha L., as well as with more alkaline-adapted Medicago spp. such as M. littoralis Loisel., M. scutellata (L.) Mill., M. tornata (L.)more » Mill. and M. truncatula Gaertn. This strain is also effective with the perennial M. sativa L. Here we describe the features of E. medicae WSM244, together with genome sequence information and its annotation. The 6,650,282 bp high-quality permanent draft genome is arranged into 91 scaffolds of 91 contigs containing 6,427 protein-coding genes and 68 RNA-only encoding genes, and is one of the rhizobial genomes sequenced as part of the DOE Joint Genome Institute 2010 Genomic Encyclopedia for Bacteria and Archaea-Root Nodule Bacteria (GEBA-RNB) project proposal.« less
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Dong, J G; Kim, W T; Yip, W K; Thompson, G A; Li, L; Bennett, A B; Yang, S F
1991-08-01
1-Aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (EC 4.4.1.14) purified from apple (Malus sylvestris Mill.) fruit was subjected to trypsin digestion. Following separation by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography, ten tryptic peptides were sequenced. Based on the sequences of three tryptic peptides, three sets of mixed oligonucleotide probes were synthesized and used to screen a plasmid cDNA library prepared from poly(A)(+) RNA of ripe apple fruit. A 1.5-kb (kilobase) cDNA clone which hybridized to all three probes were isolated. The clone contained an open reading frame of 1214 base pairs (bp) encoding a sequence of 404 amino acids. While the polyadenine tail at the 3'-end was intact, it lacked a portion of sequence at the 5'-end. Using the RNA-based polymerase chain reaction, an additional sequence of 148 bp was obtained at the 5'-end. Thus, 1362 bp were sequenced and they encode 454 amino acids. The deduced amino-acid sequence contained peptide sequences corresponding to all ten tryptic fragments, confirming the identity of the cDNA clone. Comparison of the deduced amino-acid sequence between ACC synthase from apple fruit and those from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) and winter squash (Cucurbita maxima Duch.) fruits demonstrated the presence of seven highly conserved regions, including the previously identified region for the active site. The size of the translation product of ACC-synthase mRNA was similar to that of the mature protein on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), indicating that apple ACC-synthase undergoes only minor, if any, post-translational proteolytic processing. Analysis of ACC-synthase mRNA by in-vitro translation-immunoprecipitation, and by Northern blotting indicates that the ACC-synthase mRNA was undetectable in unripe fruit, but was accumulated massively during the ripening proccess. These data demonstrate that the expression of the ACC-synthase gene is developmentally regulated.
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Wagner, Christina; Stock, Veronika; Merk, Susanne; Schmidlin, Patrick R; Roos, Malgorzata; Eichberger, Marlis; Stawarczyk, Bogna
2018-02-01
To investigate the retention loads of differently fabricated secondary telescopic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) crowns on cobalt-chromium primary crowns with different tapers. Cobalt-chromium primary crowns with 0°, 1°, and 2° tapers were constructed, milled, and sintered. Corresponding secondary crowns were fabricated by milling, pressing from pellets, and pressing from granules. For these nine test groups, the pull-off tests of each crown combination were performed 20 times, and the retention loads were measured (Zwick 1445, 50 mm/min). Data were analyzed using linear regression, covariance analysis, mixed models, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U-test, together with the Benferroni-Holm correction. The mixed models covariance analysis reinforced stable retention load values (p = 0.162) for each single test sequence. There was no interaction between the groups and the separation cycles (p = 0.179). Milled secondary crowns with 0° showed the lowest mean retention load values compared to all tested groups (p = 0.003) followed by those pressed form pellets with 1°. Regarding the different tapers, no effect of manufacturing method on the results was observed within 1° and 2° groups (p = 0.540; p = 0.052); however, among the 0° groups, the milled ones showed significantly the lowest retention load values (p = 0.002). Among the manufacturing methods, both pressed groups showed no impact of taper on the retention load values (p > 0.324 and p > 0.123, respectively), whereas among the milled secondary crowns, the 0° taper showed significantly lower retention load values than the 1° and 2° taper (p < 0.002). Based on these results, telescopic crowns made of PEEK seem to show stable retention load values for each test sequence; however, data with thermo-mechanical aging are still required. In addition, further developments in CAD/CAM manufacturing of PEEK materials for telescopic crowns are warranted, especially for 0°. © 2016 by the American College of Prosthodontists.
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Chang, Yun-Juan; Peacock, Aaron D.; Long, Philip E.; Stephen, John R.; McKinley, James P.; Macnaughton, Sarah J.; Hussain, A. K. M. Anwar; Saxton, Arnold M.; White, David C.
2001-01-01
Microbially mediated reduction and immobilization of U(VI) to U(IV) plays a role in both natural attenuation and accelerated bioremediation of uranium-contaminated sites. To realize bioremediation potential and accurately predict natural attenuation, it is important to first understand the microbial diversity of such sites. In this paper, the distribution of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in contaminated groundwater associated with a uranium mill tailings disposal site at Shiprock, N.Mex., was investigated. Two culture-independent analyses were employed: sequencing of clone libraries of PCR-amplified dissimilatory sulfite reductase (DSR) gene fragments and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) biomarker analysis. A remarkable diversity among the DSR sequences was revealed, including sequences from δ-Proteobacteria, gram-positive organisms, and the Nitrospira division. PLFA analysis detected at least 52 different mid-chain-branched saturate PLFA and included a high proportion of 10me16:0. Desulfotomaculum and Desulfotomaculum-like sequences were the most dominant DSR genes detected. Those belonging to SRB within δ-Proteobacteria were mainly recovered from low-uranium (≤302 ppb) samples. One Desulfotomaculum-like sequence cluster overwhelmingly dominated high-U (>1,500 ppb) sites. Logistic regression showed a significant influence of uranium concentration over the dominance of this cluster of sequences (P = 0.0001). This strong association indicates that Desulfotomaculum has remarkable tolerance and adaptation to high levels of uranium and suggests the organism's possible involvement in natural attenuation of uranium. The in situ activity level of Desulfotomaculum in uranium-contaminated environments and its comparison to the activities of other SRB and other functional groups should be an important area for future research. PMID:11425735
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Solitons and black holes in non-Abelian Einstein-Born-Infeld theory
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dyadichev, V. V.; Gal'tsov, D. V.
2000-08-01
Recently it was shown that the Born-Infeld modification of the quadratic Yang-Mills action gives rise to classical particle-like solutions in the flat space which have a striking similarity with the Bartnik-McKinnon solutions obtained within the gravity coupled Yang-Mills theory. We show that both families of solutions are continuously related within the framework of the Einstein-Born-Infeld theory via interpolating sequences of parameters. We also investigate an internal structure of the associated black holes and find that the Born-Infeld non-linearity changes drastically the black hole interior typical for the usual quadratic Yang-Mills theory. In the latter case a generic solution exhibits violent metric oscillations near the singularity. In the Born-Infeld case the generic interior solution is smooth, the metric tends to the standard Schwarzschild type singularity, and we did not observe internal horizons. Smoothing of the `violent' EYM singularity may be interpreted as a result of non-gravitational quantum effects.
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Characterization of milled solid residue from cypress liquefaction in sub- and super ethanol.
Liu, Hua-Min; Liu, Yu-Lan
2014-01-01
Cypress liquefaction in sub- and super ethanol was carried out in an autoclave at various temperatures. Milled solid residue (MSR) was isolated from solid residue remaining from the liquefaction process, and its chemical characteristics was comparatively investigated with milled wood lignin (MWL) of cypress by sugar analysis, elemental analysis, FT-IR analysis, gel permeation chromatography, and NMR analysis. Results showed that there were two reactions (de-polymerization and re-polymerization) during the cypress liquefaction in sub- and super ethanol and the re-polymerization reactions were the main reaction at 220-260°C. Considering the stability of side-chain, the stability of lignin side-chain in cypress during liquefaction process in ethanol could be sequenced as follows: β-5>β-β'>β-O-4'. The MSR were mainly from the decomposition and re-polymerization of lignin. This study suggests that characterization of MSR provides a promising method to investigate the mechanisms of cypress liquefaction in ethanol. Crown Copyright © 2013. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Van Den Hende, Sofie; Rodrigues, André; Hamaekers, Helen; Sonnenholzner, Stanislaus; Vervaeren, Han; Boon, Nico
2017-10-25
Treatment of upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) effluent from a paper mill in aerated activated sludge reactors involves high aeration costs. Moreover, this calcium-rich effluent leads to problematic scale formation. Therefore, a novel strategy for the aerobic treatment of paper mill UASB effluent in microalgal bacterial floc sequencing batch reactors (MaB-floc SBRs) is proposed, in which oxygen is provided via photosynthesis, and calcium is removed via bio-mineralization. Based on the results of batch experiments in the course of this study, a MaB-floc SBR was operated at an initial neutral pH. This SBR removed 58±21% organic carbon, 27±8% inorganic carbon, 77±5% nitrogen, 73±2% phosphorus, and 27±11% calcium. MaB-flocs contained 10±3% calcium, including biologically-influenced calcite crystals. The removal of calcium and inorganic carbon by MaB-flocs significantly decreased when inhibiting extracellular carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme that catalyses the hydration and dehydration of CO 2 . This study demonstrates the potential of MaB-floc SBRs for the alternative treatment of calcium-rich paper mill effluent, and highlights the importance of extracellular CA in this treatment process. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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19. DETAIL OF INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTION, VIEW TOWARD SOUTH, THIRD ...
19. DETAIL OF INTERIOR WALL CONSTRUCTION, VIEW TOWARD SOUTH, THIRD BAY Showing asphalt felt applied to both sides of interior wall studs beneath wood cladding. Back-nailing of felt indicates sequence of felt and cladding installation. - U.S. Military Academy, Ice House, Mills Road at Howze Place, West Point, Orange County, NY
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Community analysis of a full-scale anaerobic bioreactor treating paper mill wastewater.
Roest, Kees; Heilig, Hans G H J; Smidt, Hauke; de Vos, Willem M; Stams, Alfons J M; Akkermans, Antoon D L
2005-03-01
To get insight into the microbial community of an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket reactor treating paper mill wastewater, conventional microbiological methods were combined with 16S rRNA gene analyses. Particular attention was paid to microorganisms able to degrade propionate or butyrate in the presence or absence of sulphate. Serial enrichment dilutions allowed estimating the number of microorganisms per ml sludge that could use butyrate with or without sulphate (10(5)), propionate without sulphate (10(6)), or propionate and sulphate (10(8)). Quantitative RNA dot-blot hybridisation indicated that Archaea were two-times more abundant in the microbial community of anaerobic sludge than Bacteria. The microbial community composition was further characterised by 16S rRNA-gene-targeted Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) fingerprinting, and via cloning and sequencing of dominant amplicons from the bacterial and archaeal patterns. Most of the nearly full length (approximately 1.45 kb) bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences showed less than 97% similarity to sequences present in public databases, in contrast to the archaeal clones (approximately. 1.3 kb) that were highly similar to known sequences. While Methanosaeta was found as the most abundant genus, also Crenarchaeote-relatives were identified. The microbial community was relatively stable over a period of 3 years (samples taken in July 1999, May 2001, March 2002 and June 2002) as indicated by the high similarity index calculated from DGGE profiles (81.9+/-2.7% for Bacteria and 75.1+/-3.1% for Archaea). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated the presence of unknown and yet uncultured microorganisms, but also showed that known sulphate-reducing bacteria and syntrophic fatty acid-oxidising microorganisms dominated the enrichments.
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Mounteer, A H; Souza, L C; Silva, C M
2007-02-01
Increasingly stringent effluent quality limits for bleached kraft pulp mills pose a great challenge to mill wastewater system managers since these limits can require levels of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency rarely reported for biological treatment of these types of effluents. The present study was therefore undertaken to better understand the nature of recalcitrant COD in bleached kraft pulp effluents that persists through the biological treatment system. Bleaching effluents from a Brazilian eucalypt bleached kraft pulp mill were collected and treated in a bench-scale sequencing batch reactor. Organic matter in raw and treated effluents was characterized before and after separation into low and high molecular mass fractions. Biological treatment removed 71% of the COD, with 83% removal of the low molecular mass COD but only 36% removal of the high molecular mass COD. Microorganisms capable of degrading the recalcitrant COD were isolated from enrichment cultures of the original activated sludge fed on fractions of the bleaching effluent that presented low biodegradabilities. Use of a microbial consortium composed of ten of these isolates to treat the biologically treated effluent removed a further 12% of the effluent COD, all from the high molecular mass fraction. Results of this research indicate that microorganisms with potential for degrading recalcitrant COD are present in activated sludge, but that these are not metabolically active during normal activated sludge treatment of mill effluents. The use of biological selectors in the treatment system to promote growth of such microorganisms may enhance removal of recalcitrant organic matter.
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Simultaneous removal of AOX and COD from real recycled paper wastewater using GAC-SBBR.
Osman, Wan Hasnidah Wan; Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah Sheikh; Mohamad, Abu Bakar; Kadhum, Abdul Amir H; Rahman, Rakmi Abd
2013-05-30
A lab-scale granular activated carbon sequencing batch biofilm reactor (GAC-SBBR), a combined adsorption and biological process, was developed to treat real wastewater from a recycled paper mill. In this study, one-consortia of mixed culture (4000-5000 mg/L) originating from recycled paper mill activated sludge from Kajang, Malaysia was acclimatized. The GAC-SBBR was fed with real wastewater taken from the same recycled paper mill, which had a high concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX). The operational duration of the GAC-SBBR was adjusted from 48 h to 24, 12 and finally 8 h to evaluate the effect of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) on the simultaneous removal of COD and AOX. The COD and AOX removals were in the range of 53-92% and 26-99%, respectively. From this study, it was observed that the longest HRT (48 h) yielded a high removal of COD and AOX, at 92% and 99%, respectively. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
A novel production technology in aircraft construction was developed for manufacturing parts of shapes and dimensions that involve only small quantities for one machine. The process, called computerized integrated and automated manufacturing (CIAM), makes it possible to make ready-to-install sheet-metal parts for all types of aircraft. All of the system's job sequences, which include milling the flat sheet-metal parts in stacks, deburring, heat treatment, and forming under the high-pressure rubber-pad press, are automated. The CIAM production center, called SIAM Forming, fulfills the prerequisites for the cost-effective production of sheet-metal parts made of aluminum alloys, titanium, or steel. The SIAM procedure results in negligible material loss through computerizing both component-contour nesting of the sheet-metal parts and contour milling.
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Morillo, J A; Aguilera, M; Antízar-Ladislao, B; Fuentes, S; Ramos-Cormenzana, A; Russell, N J; Monteoliva-Sánchez, M
2008-05-01
Two-phase olive mill waste (TPOMW) is a semisolid effluent that is rich in contaminating polyphenols and is produced in large amounts by the industry of olive oil production. Laboratory-scale bioreactors were used to investigate the biodegradation of TPOMW by its indigenous microbiota. The effect of nutrient addition (inorganic N and P) and aeration of the bioreactors was studied. Microbial changes were investigated by PCR-temperature time gradient electrophoresis (TTGE) and following the dynamics of polar lipid fatty acids (PLFA). The greatest decrease in the polyphenolic and organic matter contents of bioreactors was concomitant with an increase in the PLFA fungal/bacterial ratio. Amplicon sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and 16S rDNA allowed identification of fungal and bacterial types, respectively, by comparative DNA sequence analyses. Predominant fungi identified included members of the genera Penicillium, Candida, Geotrichum, Pichia, Cladosporium, and Aschochyta. A total of 14 bacterial genera were detected, with a dominance of organisms that have previously been associated with plant material. Overall, this work highlights that indigenous microbiota within the bioreactors through stimulation of the fungal fraction, is able to degrade the polyphenolic content without the inoculation of specific microorganisms.
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Kim, Jiye; Kim, MinJung; An, JinWook; Kim, Yunje
2016-05-01
The aim of this study was to verify that the combination of focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) could be applied to determine the sequence of line crossings. The samples were transferred into FIB/SEM for FIB milling and an imaging operation. EDX was able to explore the chemical components and the corresponding elemental distribution in the intersection. The technique was successful in determining the sequence of heterogeneous line intersections produced using gel pens and red sealing ink with highest success rate (100% correctness). These observations show that the FIB/SEM was the appropriate instrument for an overall examination of document. © 2016 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.
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Muhamad, Mohd Hafizuddin; Sheikh Abdullah, Siti Rozaimah; Abu Hasan, Hassimi; Abd Rahim, Reehan Adnee
2015-11-01
The complexity of residual toxic organics from biologically treated effluents of pulp and paper mills is a serious concern. To date, it has been difficult to choose the best treatment technique because each of the available options has advantages and drawbacks. In this study, two different treatment techniques using laboratory-scale aerobic sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were tested with the same real recycled paper mill effluent to evaluate their treatment efficiencies. Two attached-growth SBRs using granular activated carbon (GAC) with and without additional biomass and a suspended-growth SBR were used in the treatment of real recycled paper mill effluent at a chemical oxygen demand (COD) level in the range of 800-1300 mg/L, a fixed hydraulic retention time of 24 h and a COD:N:P ratio of approximately 100:5:1. The efficiency of this biological treatment process was studied over a 300-day period. The six most important wastewater quality parameters, namely, chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, ammonia (expressed as NH3-N), phosphorus (expressed as PO4(3)-P), colour, and suspended solids (SS), were measured to compare the different treatment techniques. It was determined that these processes were able to almost completely and simultaneously eliminate COD (99%) and turbidity (99%); the removals of NH3-N (90-100%), PO4(3)-P (66-78%), colour (63-91%), and SS (97-99%) were also sufficient. The overall performance results confirmed that an attached-growth SBR system using additional biomass on GAC is a promising configuration for wastewater treatment in terms of performance efficiency and process stability under fluctuations of organic load. Hence, this hybrid system is recommended for the treatment of pulp and paper mill effluents. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Legionellosis Outbreak Associated with Asphalt Paving Machine, Spain, 2009
Fenollar, José; Escribano, Isabel; González-Candelas, Fernando
2010-01-01
From 1999 through 2005 in Alcoi, Spain, incidence of legionellosis was continually high. Over the next 4 years, incidence was lower, but an increase in July 2009 led health authorities to declare an epidemic outbreak. A molecular epidemiology investigation showed that the allelic profiles for all Legionella pneumophila samples from the 2009 outbreak patients were the same, thus pointing to a common genetic origin for their infections, and that they were identical to that of the organism that had caused the previous outbreaks. Spatial-temporal and sequence-based typing analyses indicated a milling machine used in street asphalt repaving and its water tank as the most likely sources. As opposed to other machines used for street cleaning, the responsible milling machine used water from a natural spring. When the operation of this machine was prohibited and cleaning measures were adopted, infections ceased. PMID:20735921
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Nanopore with Transverse Nanoelectrodes for Electrical Characterization and Sequencing of DNA
Gierhart, Brian C.; Howitt, David G.; Chen, Shiahn J.; Zhu, Zhineng; Kotecki, David E.; Smith, Rosemary L.; Collins, Scott D.
2009-01-01
A DNA sequencing device which integrates transverse conducting electrodes for the measurement of electrode currents during DNA translocation through a nanopore has been nanofabricated and characterized. A focused electron beam (FEB) milling technique, capable of creating features on the order of 1 nm in diameter, was used to create the nanopore. The device was characterized electrically using gold nanoparticles as an artificial analyte with both DC and AC measurement methods. Single nanoparticle/electrode interaction events were recorded. A low-noise, high-speed transimpedance current amplifier for the detection of nano to picoampere currents at microsecond time scales was designed, fabricated and tested for future integration with the nanopore device. PMID:19584949
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Nanopore with Transverse Nanoelectrodes for Electrical Characterization and Sequencing of DNA.
Gierhart, Brian C; Howitt, David G; Chen, Shiahn J; Zhu, Zhineng; Kotecki, David E; Smith, Rosemary L; Collins, Scott D
2008-06-16
A DNA sequencing device which integrates transverse conducting electrodes for the measurement of electrode currents during DNA translocation through a nanopore has been nanofabricated and characterized. A focused electron beam (FEB) milling technique, capable of creating features on the order of 1 nm in diameter, was used to create the nanopore. The device was characterized electrically using gold nanoparticles as an artificial analyte with both DC and AC measurement methods. Single nanoparticle/electrode interaction events were recorded. A low-noise, high-speed transimpedance current amplifier for the detection of nano to picoampere currents at microsecond time scales was designed, fabricated and tested for future integration with the nanopore device.
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Study of microforging of metallic nanoflakes in relation to electronic applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kang, Wooseung
This dissertation reports the first systematic study of cold microforging; the conversion of micron scale metal powders to thin flakes by a series of plastically deforming impacts in a ball mill at low temperature. The research focused on processing Fe and Cu flakes with submicron thicknesses (nanoflakes) which are expected to find significant applications in electronics. The principal objectives were to develop a detailed understanding of the underlying materials science of the process, and to characterize the material and processing parameters that maximize the rate at which nanoflakes with a specific aspect ratio (diameter/thickness) can be microforged. A model for microforging was developed using Hertzian impact theory to establish the compressive impact energy (Emf) imparted to a spherical powder particle in a ball-powder-ball impact, and the Coffin-Manson relation for cyclical fatigue to determine the number of plastically deforming impacts it could sustain before fracturing. The rate of microforging in the ball mill was obtained from the product of the impact frequency (f) and the statistical probability of impact (p). Both f and p depend on the number of balls and powders, and the collision velocity (v) and the milling vial volume (V). The parameters Emf, p, v and V are specific to the mill and used to develop scaling laws for transferring the process from small vibratory research mills to large commercial equipment. The empirical parameters required by these models were determined by microforging a few grams of powders in small research mills. The validity of the model was assessed by comparing the time required to microforge several hundred grams of a particular powder in a much larger mill, with that determined by scaling the model equations to account for change in mill parameters. The good agreement obtained provided strong support for the microforging model. SEM microphotos and sieving fractions were used to show that the minimum thicknesses, and maximum aspect ratios of the Fe and Cu nanoflakes that could be produced before fracture, are in the ~0.3 μm-0.5 μm range, and agreed well with those calculated from volume conserving sphere-flake transformations. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the grain sizes of these powders were ~0.1x their thicknesses, and were little changed by microforging. The magnetic hysteresis and permeabilities of the Fe nanoflakes were in good agreement with those computed from the nanoflake geometries. The results indicate that the model of microforging as a statistical random sequence of plastic deformations can be used to develop a commercial process to support the development of their application potential in electronics.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice. (See also Â... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.310 Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice. (See also Â... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.310 Grades and grade requirements for the classes Long Grain Milled Rice, Medium Grain Milled Rice, Short Grain Milled Rice, and Mixed Milled Rice...
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Yazdani, D; Zainal Abidin, M A; Tan, Y H; Kamaruzaman, S
2011-01-01
Thirty milled rice samples were collected from retailers in 4 provinces of Malaysia. These samples were evaluated for Aspergillus spp. infection by direct plating on malt extract salt agar (MESA). All Aspergillus holomorphs were isolated and identified using nucleotide sequences of ITS 1 and ITS 2 of rDNA. Five anamorphs (Aspergillus flavus, A. oryzae, A. tamarii, A. fumigatus and A. niger) and 5 teleomorphs (Eurotium rubrum, E. amstelodami, E. chevalieri, E. cristatum and E. tonophilum) were identified. The PCR-sequencing based technique for sequences of ITS 1 and ITS 2 is a fast technique for identification of Aspergillus and Eurotium species, although it doesn't work flawlessly for differentiation of Eurotium species. All Aspergillus and Eurotium isolates were screened for their ability to produce aflatoxin and ochratoxin A (OTA) by HPLC and TLC techniques. Only A. flavus isolate UPM 89 was able to produce aflatoxins B1 and B2.
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Getting the Policies Right: The Prioritization and Sequencing of Policies in Post-Conflict Countries
2007-01-01
be recapitulated again using public money. Similarly, liberalization of cashew nuts , which was imposed by the World Bank and the IMF, did not go...reduced from 105 % to 35 % in 1996 and to 30 percent in 1999; however liberalization of cashew nuts didn’t go well. Mixed success Infrastructure and...owned enterprises. Although many of the enterprises were small, the three cement plants, two breweries, the steel rolling mill, the cashew
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Kim, Jae-Woo; Jeong, Jin-Woo; Kang, Jun-Tae; Choi, Sungyoul; Ahn, Seungjoon; Song, Yoon-Ho
2014-02-14
Highly reliable field electron emitters were developed using a formulation for reproducible damage-free carbon nanotube (CNT) composite pastes with optimal inorganic fillers and a ball-milling method. We carefully controlled the ball-milling sequence and time to avoid any damage to the CNTs, which incorporated fillers that were fully dispersed as paste constituents. The field electron emitters fabricated by printing the CNT pastes were found to exhibit almost perfect adhesion of the CNT emitters to the cathode, along with good uniformity and reproducibility. A high field enhancement factor of around 10,000 was achieved from the CNT field emitters developed. By selecting nano-sized metal alloys and oxides and using the same formulation sequence, we also developed reliable field emitters that could survive high-temperature post processing. These field emitters had high durability to post vacuum annealing at 950 °C, guaranteeing survival of the brazing process used in the sealing of field emission x-ray tubes. We evaluated the field emitters in a triode configuration in the harsh environment of a tiny vacuum-sealed vessel and observed very reliable operation for 30 h at a high current density of 350 mA cm(-2). The CNT pastes and related field emitters that were developed could be usefully applied in reliable field emission devices.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Jae-Woo; Jeong, Jin-Woo; Kang, Jun-Tae; Choi, Sungyoul; Ahn, Seungjoon; Song, Yoon-Ho
2014-02-01
Highly reliable field electron emitters were developed using a formulation for reproducible damage-free carbon nanotube (CNT) composite pastes with optimal inorganic fillers and a ball-milling method. We carefully controlled the ball-milling sequence and time to avoid any damage to the CNTs, which incorporated fillers that were fully dispersed as paste constituents. The field electron emitters fabricated by printing the CNT pastes were found to exhibit almost perfect adhesion of the CNT emitters to the cathode, along with good uniformity and reproducibility. A high field enhancement factor of around 10 000 was achieved from the CNT field emitters developed. By selecting nano-sized metal alloys and oxides and using the same formulation sequence, we also developed reliable field emitters that could survive high-temperature post processing. These field emitters had high durability to post vacuum annealing at 950 °C, guaranteeing survival of the brazing process used in the sealing of field emission x-ray tubes. We evaluated the field emitters in a triode configuration in the harsh environment of a tiny vacuum-sealed vessel and observed very reliable operation for 30 h at a high current density of 350 mA cm-2. The CNT pastes and related field emitters that were developed could be usefully applied in reliable field emission devices.
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Aeribacillus composti sp. nov., a thermophilic bacillus isolated from olive mill pomace compost.
Finore, Ilaria; Gioiello, Alessia; Leone, Luigi; Orlando, Pierangelo; Romano, Ida; Nicolaus, Barbara; Poli, Annarita
2017-11-01
A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming, thermophilic bacterium, strain N.8 T , was isolated from the curing step of an olive mill pomace compost sample, collected at the Composting Experimental Centre (CESCO, Salerno, Italy). Strain N.8 T , based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, was most closely related to Aeribacillus pallidus strain H12 T (=DSM 3670 T ) (99.8 % similarity value) with a 25 % DNA-DNA relatedness value. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile and grew optimally at 60 °C and pH 9.0, forming cream colonies. Strain N.8 was able to grow on medium containing up to 9.0 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum at 6.0 % (w/v) NaCl. The cellular membrane contained MK-7, and C16 : 0 (48.4 %), iso-C17 : 0 (19.4 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (14.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 40.5 mol%. Based on phenotypic characteristics, 16S rRNA gene sequences, DNA-DNA hybridization values and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain N.8 T represents a novel species of the genus Aeribacillus, for which the name Aeribacillus composti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is N.8 T (=KCTC 33824 T =JCM 31580 T ).
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Sánchez-Castro, Iván; Amador-García, Ahinara; Moreno-Romero, Cristina; López-Fernández, Margarita; Phrommavanh, Vannapha; Nos, Jeremy; Descostes, Michael; Merroun, Mohamed L
2017-01-01
The present work characterizes at different levels a number of bacterial strains isolated from porewaters sampled in the vicinity of two French uranium tailing repositories. The 16S rRNA gene from 33 bacterial isolates, corresponding to the different morphotypes recovered, was almost fully sequenced. The resulting sequences belonged to 13 bacterial genera comprised in the phyla Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Further characterization at physiological level and metals/metalloid tolerance provided evidences for an appropriate selection of bacterial strains potentially useful for immobilization of uranium and other common contaminants. By using High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscope (HRTEM), this potential ability to immobilize uranium as U phosphate mineral phases was confirmed for the bacterial strains Br3 and Br5 corresponding to Arthrobacter sp. and Microbacterium oxydans, respectively. Scanning Transmission Electron Microscope- High-Angle Annular Dark-Field (STEM-HAADF) analysis showed U accumulates on the surface and within bacterial cytoplasm, in addition to the extracellular space. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) element-distribution maps demonstrated the presence of U and P within these accumulates. These results indicate the potential of certain bacterial strains isolated from porewaters of U mill tailings for immobilizing uranium, likely as uranium phosphates. Some of these bacterial isolates might be considered as promising candidates in the design of uranium bioremediation strategies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Ammonium Sulfate Evaporites Associated With Uranium Mill Tailings Disposal Cells
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wendlandt, R. F.; Harrison, W. J.
2006-12-01
The waste products of uranium mill operations are complex and dependent on the ore mineralogy, milling process (e.g., low pH vs. high pH), and operational status of the mill among other things. The White Mesa Mill, Utah, was visited during both quiescent (July 2004) and operational phases (August 2005) to collect liquid and solid samples from the active evaporation and storage ponds environments (Cells 1 and 3). Cell 4, which was unused and being excavated at the times of both samplings, yielded solids accumulated through the history of that cell's use. Raffinate samples are concentrated Na-Mg-Al-Fe-SO4-NO3(-NH4) brines characterized by extreme enrichments in REE and transition elements. Ionic strengths, calculated using the Pitzer activity coefficient model varied from 25M (pH = 1 at 25°C) in Cell 1 and 12M (pH = 2.7) in Cell 3 during July 2004, to 5M (pH = 1.5) in Cell 1 and 1.2M (pH = 2.9) in Cell 3 during August 2005. At the first sampling, the dominant anion was sulfate in Cell 1 and nitrate in Cell 3. At the time of the second sampling, both cells were dominated by sulfate. During July 2004, there was significant evaporative drawdown in the ponds, resulting in 3 variably colored zones (~7m) of mineralogically complex evaporites at the cell margins. During August 2005, the operational nature of the mill and the addition of fresh water had produced high water levels in Cells 1 and 3. Evaporation crusts were recognized around the margins of the cells but they were <2m in extent. XRD analyses document the presence of boussingaultite, (NH4)2Mg(SO4)2.6H2O, which was actively precipitating from Cell 1 during 2004, tschermigite, (NH4)Al(SO4)2.12H2O, gypsum, and polymorphs of Na2SO4 including thenardite. ESEM imaging and EDS analyses of crusts reveal complex parageneses involving the above-mentioned phases and NH4-bearing metavoltine, K2Na6Fe^{+2}Fe6^{+3}(SO4)12O2.18H2O, among others. Ksp calculations and field relations are consistent with a precipitation sequence of tschermigite followed by boussingaultite and metavoltine.
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31. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...
31. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: View down at the mill from top of the mill's circular masonry enclosure. Mill animals circling above the mill, on top of the enclosure, dragged booms radiating from the drive shaft to power the mill. The drive-shaft is no longer in its upright positon but is lying next to the mill in the foreground. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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DeBellis, Tonia; Widden, Paul
2006-11-01
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) communities in Clintonia borealis roots from a boreal mixed forests in northwestern Québec were investigated. Roots were sampled from 100 m2 plots whose overstory was dominated by either trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.), white birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh.), or mixed white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.). Part of the 18S ribosomal gene of the AMF was amplified and the resulting PCR products were cloned. Restriction analysis of the 576 resulting clones yielded 92 different restriction patterns which were then sequenced. Fifty-two sequences closely matched other Glomus sequences from Genbank. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 10 different AMF sequence types, most of which clustered with other uncultured AM sequences from plant roots from various field sites. Compared with other AMF communities from comparable studies, richness and diversity were higher than observed in an arable field, but lower than seen in a tropical forest and a temperate wetland. The AMF communities from Clintonia roots under the different canopy types did not differ significantly and the dominant sequence type, which clustered with AM sequences from a variety of environments and hosts at distant geographical locations, represented 66.9% of all the clones analyzed.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tcherdyntsev, V. V.; Kaloshkin, S. D.; Shelekhov, E. V.; Principi, G.; Rodin, A. O.
2008-02-01
Al65Cu23Fe12 alloys were prepared by ball milling of the elemental powders mixture. Phase and structural transformations at heating of as-milled powders were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Precision analysis of Mössbauer spectra was performed to check the adequacy of the fitting of X-ray diffraction patterns. The results were compared with the data of differential scanning and solution calorimetry, as well as with the thermodynamic literature data, in order to estimate the driving forces of redistribution of elements that preceded the formation of single-phase quasicrystalline structure. The heat of elements mixing, which is positive for Cu-Fe system and negative for Al-Fe and Al-Cu systems, was supposed to be a decisive factor for phase transformations during heating of the alloy. The correlation between sequence of phase transformations during heating and the thermodynamic data was discussed and the scheme describing phase transformations observed was proposed.
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Aoyama, Akihisa; Kurane, Ryuichiro; Matsuura, Akira; Nagai, Kazuo
2015-01-01
An enzyme producing micro-organism, which can directly saccharify rice straw that has only been crushed without undergoing the current acid or alkaline pretreatment, was found. From the homology with the ITS, 28S rDNA sequence, the strain named A592-4B was identified as Penicillium oxalicum. Activities of the A592-4B enzymes and commercial enzyme preparations were compared by Novozymes Cellic CTec2 and Genencore GC220. In the present experimental condition, activity of A592-4B enzymes was 2.6 times higher than that of CTec2 for degrading milled rice straw. Furthermore, even when a quarter amount of A592-4B enzyme was applied to the rice straw, the conversion rate was still higher than that by CTec2. By utilizing A592-4B enzymes, improved lignocellulose degradation yields can be achieved without pre-treatment of the substrates; thus, contributing to cost reduction as well as reducing environmental burden.
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Process Research ON Semix Silicon Materials (PROSSM)
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wohlgemuth, J. H.; Warfield, D. B.
1982-02-01
A cost effective process sequence was identified, equipment was designed to implement a 6.6 MW per year automated production line, and a cost analysis projected a $0.56 per watt cell add-on cost for this line. Four process steps were developed for this program: glass beads back clean-up, hot spray antireflective coating, wave soldering of fronts, and ion milling for edging. While spray dopants were advertised as an off the shelf developed product, they were unreliable with shorter than advertised shelf life.
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Process Research ON Semix Silicon Materials (PROSSM)
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Wohlgemuth, J. H.; Warfield, D. B.
1982-01-01
A cost effective process sequence was identified, equipment was designed to implement a 6.6 MW per year automated production line, and a cost analysis projected a $0.56 per watt cell add-on cost for this line. Four process steps were developed for this program: glass beads back clean-up, hot spray antireflective coating, wave soldering of fronts, and ion milling for edging. While spray dopants were advertised as an off the shelf developed product, they were unreliable with shorter than advertised shelf life.
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2014-08-11
generated through a self-sustained propagation of the reaction wave over the generator’s chemical core. The project objective is to determine the...iodine (I2, chips, Sigma Aldrich, 99% pure), at 4 wt% of the initial powder load. The 9.5 mm balls were removed and replaced with the same mass of...of boron (nominal size 0.7 Engineers). The nanocomposite powders were prepared in this project using a sequence of two milling steps. In the first
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Effect of ball milling materials and methods on powder processing of Bi2223 superconductors
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yavuz, M.; Maeda, H.; Vance, L.; Liu, H. K.; Dou, S. X.
1998-10-01
Various milling systems consisting of agate and polypropylene grinding containers, agate and YSZ balls, and dry and wet milling were used in planetary ball-milling and YSZ balls and YSZ container were used in wet and dry attrition milling. The differently milled powders were then evaluated by measurements of particle size, surface area, porosity, size distribution and chemical analysis of the Si, Zr and C contents. The results show that dry milling is much more efficient for particle size reduction in planetary milling than wet milling, whereas wet milling and dry milling gave quite similar results in attrition milling. Meanwhile 0953-2048/11/10/056/img6 contamination was found in powder milled with an agate container with agate balls. Some C contamination from the polypropylene container was detected after milling, but negligible Zr from YSZ balls and C from the grinding carrier (hexane). It was found that after 1 h milling in the planetary mill fracture mechanisms transform from the elastic to the plastic region. Therefore, further milling is not very effective. It was also shown that the Bi2212 phase decomposes into several non-superconducting oxides such as 0953-2048/11/10/056/img7, CuO and a main amorphous phase after extensive dry milling.
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30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...
30. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1885-1870. View: Masonry-lined passage-way leading to the mill at the center of its circular masonry enclosure. The passageway permitted cane to be carried to the mill and cane trash (bagasse) to be carried away. Bridges over the passageways, no longer in place, permitted the mill animals to circle and power the mill from above. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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12. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (MONADNOCK ...
12. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (MONADNOCK CHILEAN) FROM EAST, c. 1912. ELEVATOR No. 1 ADJACENT TO MILL. CREDIT WR. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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12. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...
12. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Historical view, 1934, T.T. Waterman Collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association, Oahu, Hawaii. Masonry-lined passageway leading to the mill at the center of its circular masonry enclosure. The passageway permitted cane to be carried to the mill and cane trash (bagasse) to be carried away after milling. Bridges over the passageways, not in place, permitted the mill animals to circle and power the mill from above. View shows area prior to substantial overgrowth existing in 1978 views of the area. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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13. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (ALLIS ...
13. TROJAN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING PRIMARY MILL No. 1 (ALLIS CHALMERS BALL MILL) FROM EAST, c. 1919. ELECTRIC MOTOR AND DRIVE SHAFT CLEARLY VISIBLE. CREDIT WR. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-13
..., as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... Mills Indian Reservation and part of the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan for the exclusive use of...
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33. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...
33. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: From above the mill showing the three 15' x 22' horizontal rolls, mill frame or cheeks, portland cement foundation, and lower part of vertical drive shaft lying next mill in foreground. The loose metal piece resting on top of the mill frame matched the indented portion of the upper frame to form a bracket and bearing for the drive shaft when it was in its proper upright position. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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Effects of milling on functional properties of rice flour.
Kadan, R S; Bryant, R J; Miller, J A
2008-05-01
A commercial long-grain rice flour (CRF) and the flours made by using a pin mill and the Udy mill from the same batch of broken second-head white long-grain rice were evaluated for their particle size and functional properties. The purpose of this study was to compare the commercial rice flour milling method to the pin and Udy milling methods used in our laboratory and pilot plant. The results showed that pin milled flour had more uniform particle size than the other 2 milled flours. The chalky kernels found in broken white milled rice were pulverized more into fines in both Udy milled flour and CRF than in the pin milled flour. The excessive amount of fines in flours affected their functional properties, for example, WSI and their potential usage in the novel foods such as rice breads (RB). The RB made from CRF collapsed more than loaves made from pin milled Cypress long-grain flours.
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Investigation of the milling capabilities of the F10 Fine Grind mill using Box-Behnken designs.
Tan, Bernice Mei Jin; Tay, Justin Yong Soon; Wong, Poh Mun; Chan, Lai Wah; Heng, Paul Wan Sia
2015-01-01
Size reduction or milling of the active is often the first processing step in the design of a dosage form. The ability of a mill to convert coarse crystals into the target size and size distribution efficiently is highly desirable as the quality of the final pharmaceutical product after processing is often still dependent on the dimensional attributes of its component constituents. The F10 Fine Grind mill is a mechanical impact mill designed to produce unimodal mid-size particles by utilizing a single-pass two-stage size reduction process for fine grinding of raw materials needed in secondary processing. Box-Behnken designs were used to investigate the effects of various mill variables (impeller, blower and feeder speeds and screen aperture size) on the milling of coarse crystals. Response variables included the particle size parameters (D10, D50 and D90), span and milling rate. Milled particles in the size range of 5-200 μm, with D50 ranging from 15 to 60 μm, were produced. The impeller and feeder speeds were the most critical factors influencing the particle size and milling rate, respectively. Size distributions of milled particles were better described by their goodness-of-fit to a log-normal distribution (i.e. unimodality) rather than span. Milled particles with symmetrical unimodal distributions were obtained when the screen aperture size was close to the median diameter of coarse particles employed. The capacity for high throughput milling of particles to a mid-size range, which is intermediate between conventional mechanical impact mills and air jet mills, was demonstrated in the F10 mill. Prediction models from the Box-Behnken designs will aid in providing a better guide to the milling process and milled product characteristics. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Waterjet and laser etching: the nonlinear inverse problem
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bilbao-Guillerna, A.; Axinte, D. A.; Billingham, J.; Cadot, G. B. J.
2017-07-01
In waterjet and laser milling, material is removed from a solid surface in a succession of layers to create a new shape, in a depth-controlled manner. The inverse problem consists of defining the control parameters, in particular, the two-dimensional beam path, to arrive at a prescribed freeform surface. Waterjet milling (WJM) and pulsed laser ablation (PLA) are studied in this paper, since a generic nonlinear material removal model is appropriate for both of these processes. The inverse problem is usually solved for this kind of process by simply controlling dwell time in proportion to the required depth of milling at a sequence of pixels on the surface. However, this approach is only valid when shallow surfaces are etched, since it does not take into account either the footprint of the beam or its overlapping on successive passes. A discrete adjoint algorithm is proposed in this paper to improve the solution. Nonlinear effects and non-straight passes are included in the optimization, while the calculation of the Jacobian matrix does not require large computation times. Several tests are performed to validate the proposed method and the results show that tracking error is reduced typically by a factor of two in comparison to the pixel-by-pixel approach and the classical raster path strategy with straight passes. The tracking error can be as low as 2-5% and 1-2% for WJM and PLA, respectively, depending on the complexity of the target surface.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-23
... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-73,695] Woodland Mills Corporation Mill Spring, NC; Notice of Revised Determination on Reconsideration By application dated July 22... regarding the eligibility of workers and former workers of Woodland Mills Corporation, Mill Spring, North...
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1. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF KEX PLANT, FORMER CALLAWAY MILLS UNITY ...
1. PERSPECTIVE VIEW OF KEX PLANT, FORMER CALLAWAY MILLS UNITY COTTON MILL (A. FRANCIS WALKER, 1900-01) FROM DUNSON STREET. UNITY COTTON MILL WAS THE FIRST OF SEVERAL TEXTILE MILLS BUILT BY THE CALLAWAY MILLS GROUP IN SOUTHWEST LAGRANGE DURING THE EARLY TWENTIETH CENTURY. NOTE REMAINING PORTION OF ORIGINAL WATER TANK TOWER IN MIDDLE OF PHOTOGRAPH. - Unity Cotton Mill, 815 Leeman Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Velásquez, A. A.; Marín, C. C.; Urquijo, J. P.
2018-03-01
We present the process of synthesis and characterization of magnetite-maghemite nanoparticles by the ball milling method. The particles were synthesized in a planetary ball mill equipped with vials and balls of tempered steel, employing dry and wet conditions. For dry milling, we employed microstructured analytical-grade hematite (α-Fe2O3), while for wet milling, we mixed hematite and deionized water. Milling products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, room temperature Mössbauer spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry, and atomic absorption spectroscopy. The Mössbauer spectrum of the dry milling product was well fitted with two sextets of hematite, while the spectrum of the wet milling product was well fitted with three sextets of spinel phase. X-ray measurements confirmed the phases identified by Mössbauer spectroscopy in both milling conditions and a reduction in the crystallinity of the dry milling product. TEM measurements showed that the products of dry milling for 100 h and wet milling for 24 h consist of aggregates of nanoparticles distributed in size, with mean particle size of 10 and 15 nm, respectively. Magnetization measurements of the wet milling product showed little coercivity and a saturation magnetization around 69 emu g-1, characteristic of a nano-spinel system. Atomic absorption measurements showed that the chromium contamination in the wet milling product is approximately two orders of magnitude greater than that found in the dry milling product for 24 h, indicating that the material of the milling bodies, liberated more widely in wet conditions, plays an important role in the conversion hematite-spinel phase.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-25
... Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, MN; Faribo Woolens, Inc., a Related Company of Faribault Woolen Mill... December 9, 2009, applicable to workers of Faribault Woolen Mill Company, Faribault, Minnesota. The notice... Mill Company, a retail outlet store for the subject firm, Faribault Woolen Mill Company. Accordingly...
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32. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...
32. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: End of mill into which cane was fed between top and bottom roll. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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Effects of size and age on the survival and growth of pulp and paper mills
Xiaolei Li; Joseph Buongiorno; Peter J. Ince
2004-01-01
The growth of pulp and paper mills in the US from 1970 to 2000 depended mostly on size and age. Mills grew according to Gibratâs law, and post-1970 mills grew faster than pre-1971 mills. Mills stopped growing at approximately 22 years of age. But most mills survived beyond that, thus growth was not necessary for survival, but characteristic of the early phase of the...
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Attempted - to -Phase Conversion of Croconic Acid via Ball Milling
2017-05-18
extended milling times may degrade the material. 15. SUBJECT TERMS ball milling, croconic acid, Hertzian stress , C5H2O5, extended solid 16. SECURITY...the motion of the Wig-L-Bug ball mill; from this motion it was possible to determine the velocity parameters needed for Hertzian stress ...Milling Pressures The high pressures achievable in this type of mill result from stresses that develop in the milled material as it is trapped between
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1. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill: oneton ...
1. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill: one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Historical view, 1934, from T.T. Waterman collection, Hawaiian Sugar Planters' Association. Large rectangular piece lying in front of the mill is the top of the mill frame appearing in its proper place in 1928 views. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Eom, JiYong; Kim, DongYung; Kwon, HyukSang
The effects of ball-milling on Li insertion into multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) are presented. The MWNTs are synthesized on supported catalysts by thermal chemical vapour deposition, purified, and mechanically ball-milled by the high energy ball-milling. The purified MWNTs and the ball-milled MWNTs were electrochemically inserted with Li. Structural and chemical modifications in the ball-milled MWNTs change the insertion-extraction properties of Li ions into/from the ball-milled MWNTs. The reversible capacity (C rev) increases with increasing ball-milling time, namely, from 351 mAh g -1 (Li 0.9C 6) for the purified MWNTs to 641 mAh g -1 (Li 1.7C 6) for the ball-milled MWNTs. The undesirable irreversible capacity (C irr) decreases continuously with increase in the ball-milling time, namely, from 1012 mAh g -1 (Li 2.7C 6) for the purified MWNTs to 518 mAh g -1 (Li 1.4C 6) for the ball-milled MWNTs. The decrease in C irr of the ball-milled samples results in an increase in the coulombic efficiency from 25% for the purified samples to 50% for the ball-milled samples. In addition, the ball-milled samples maintain a more stable capacity than the purified samples during charge-discharge cycling.
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Elevation, west portal. Sign on portal reads Watson Mill Bridge, ...
Elevation, west portal. Sign on portal reads Watson Mill Bridge, est. 1885. - Watson Mill Bridge, Spanning South Fork Broad River, Watson Mill Road, Watson Mill Bridge State Park, Comer, Madison County, GA
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-24
.... Doing Business as Alcoa Mill Products Texarkana a Subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc. Nash, TX; Amended... Mill Products Texarkana, a subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc., Nash, Texas, was separated is Alumax Mill... Alcoa Mill Products Texarkana, a subsidiary of Alcoa, Inc., Nash, Texas, who became totally or partially...
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The detection of fatigue cracks by nondestructive testing methods
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rummel, W. D.; Todd, P. H., Jr.; Frecska, S. A.; Rathke, R. A.
1974-01-01
X-radiographic penetrant, ultrasonic, eddy current, holographic, and acoustic emission techniques were optimized and applied to the evaluation of 2219-T87 aluminum alloy test specimens. One hundred eighteen specimens containing a total of 328 fatigue cracks were evaluated. The cracks ranged in length from 0.500 inch (1.27 cm) to 0.007 inch (0.018 cm) and in depth from 0.178 inch (0.451 cm) and 0.001 inch (0.003 cm). Specimen thicknesses were nominally 0.060 inch (0.152 cm) and 0.210 inch (0.532 cm) and surface finishes were nominally 32 and 125 rms and 64 and 200 rms respectively. Specimens were evaluated in the as-milled surface condition, in the chemically milled surface condition and, after proof loading, in a randomized inspection sequence. Results of the nondestructive test (NDT) evaluations were compared with actual crack size obtained by measurement of the fractured specimens. Inspection data was then analyzed to provide a statistical basis for determinating the threshold crack detection sensitivity (the largest crack size that would be missed) for each of the inspection techniques at a 95% probability and 95% confidence level.
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Atomic-scale thermocapillary flow in focused ion beam milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Das, Kallol; Johnson, Harley; Freund, Jonathan
2016-11-01
Focused ion beams (FIB) offer an attractive tool for nanometer-scale manufacturing and material processing, particularly because they can be focused to a few nanometer diameter spot. This motivates their use for many applications, such as sample preparation for transmission electron microscopy (TEM), forming nanometer scale pores in thin films for DNA sequencing. Despite its widespread use, the specific mechanisms of FIB milling, especially at high ion fluxes for which significant phase change might occur, remains incompletely understood. Here we investigate the process of nanopore fabrication in thin Si films using molecular dynamics simulation where Ga+ ions are used as the focused ions. For a range of ion intensities in a realistic configuration, a recirculating melt region develops, which is seen to flow with a symmetrical pattern, counter to how it would flow were it is driven by the ion momentum flux. Such flow is potentially important for the shape and composition of the formed structures. Relevant stress scales and estimated physical properties of silicon under these extreme conditions support the importance thermocapillary effects. A continuum flow model with Marangoni forcing reproduces the flow.
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4. APPROACH OF CARRS MILL ROAD TO THE SOUTH PORTAL ...
4. APPROACH OF CARRS MILL ROAD TO THE SOUTH PORTAL OF THE MITCHELLS MILL BRIDGE; VIEW TO NORTH. - Mitchell's Mill Bridge, Spanning Winter's Run on Carrs Mill Road, west of Bel Air, Bel Air, Harford County, MD
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7. VIEW TO EAST, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND ...
7. VIEW TO EAST, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND MECHANIC SHED. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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Revitalizing America's Mills: A Report on Brownfields Mill Projects
This report focuses on mills -- former textile, wood, paper, iron, and steel mills. The report describes the challenges and opportunities of mill sites with case studies highlighting some of the most creative solutions from across the country.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-08-19
... Lands, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan... acres, more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-05
... an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan AGENCY..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-13
... Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-18
..., as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...
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3. Interior of the attic of Mill No. 1, looking ...
3. Interior of the attic of Mill No. 1, looking west. Unlike Mill No. 2 or the Sugar River Grist Mill, there were no iron tension members in this roof truss design. The structural framing members and the roof sheathing have been encased in finish millwork. - Monadnock Mills, Mill No. 1, 13-17 Water Street, Claremont, Sullivan County, NH
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34. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...
34. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Side view of mill. Vertical drive shaft lying on ground in foreground. When drive-shaft was in upright position its bevel gear was meshed with the bevel gear of the top roll, transmitting the animals'circular motion around the drive shaft to the horizontal rolls. The foundation is of portland cement. The heavy timber mill bed, between the mill and the portland cement foundation has rolled away. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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7 CFR 868.306 - Milling requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.306 Milling requirements. The degree of milling for milled rice; i.e., “hard... interpretive line samples for such rice. [67 FR 61250, Sept. 30, 2002] ...
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7 CFR 868.306 - Milling requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.306 Milling requirements. The degree of milling for milled rice; i.e., “hard... interpretive line samples for such rice. [67 FR 61250, Sept. 30, 2002] ...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-13
... Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... the land described below. The land was proclaimed to be an addition to the Bay Mills Indian...
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Gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill
Sadler, III, Leon Y.
1997-01-01
A gas fluidized-bed stirred media mill is provided for comminuting solid ticles. The mill includes a housing enclosing a porous fluidizing gas diffuser plate, a baffled rotor and stator, a hollow drive shaft with lateral vents, and baffled gas exhaust exit ports. In operation, fluidizing gas is forced through the mill, fluidizing the raw material and milling media. The rotating rotor, stator and milling media comminute the raw material to be ground. Small entrained particles may be carried from the mill by the gas through the exit ports when the particles reach a very fine size.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Alinger, Matthew J.
Iron powders containing ≈14wt%Cr and smaller amounts of W and Ti were mechanically alloyed (MA) by ball milling with Y2O3 and subsequently either hot consolidated by hot extrusion or isostatic pressing, or powder annealed, producing very high densities of nm-scale coherent transition phase precipitates, or Y-Ti-O nano-clusters (NCs), along with fine-scale grains. These so-called nanostructured ferritic alloys (NFAs) manifest very high strength (static and creep) and corrosion-oxidation resistance up to temperatures in excess of 800°C. We used a carefully designed matrix of model MA powders and consolidated alloys to systematically assess the NC evolutions during each processing step, and to explore the combined effects of alloy composition and a number of processing variables, including the milling energy, consolidation method and the time and temperature of annealing of the as-milled powders. The stability of the NCs was also characterized during high-temperate post-consolidation annealing of a commercial NFA, MA957. The micro-nanostructural evolutions, and their effects on the alloy strength, were characterized by a combination of techniques, including XRD, TEM, atom-probe tomography (APT) and positron annihilation spectroscopy (PAS). However, small angle neutron scattering (SANS) was the primary tool used to characterize the nm-scale precipitates. The effect of the micro-nanostructure on the alloy strength was assessed by microhardness measurements. The studies revealed the critical sequence-of-events in forming the NCs, involves dissolution of Y, Ti and O during ball milling. The supersaturated solutes then precipitate during hot consolidation or powder annealing. The precipitate volume fraction increases with both the milling energy and Ti additions at lower consolidation and annealing temperatures (850°C), and at higher processing temperatures (1150°C) both are needed to produce NCs. The non-equilibrium kinetics of NC formation are nucleation controlled and independent of time with an effective activation energy of ≈60 kJ/mole. High temperature precipitate coarsening and transformations to oxide phases show a high effective activation energy (≈880 kJ/mole) and have a time dependence characteristic of a dislocation pipe diffusion mechanism. The NCs act as weak to moderately strong (alpha = 0.1 to 0.5) obstacles that can be sheared by dislocations, where the obstacle strength increases with alpha ≈0.37log(r/2b).
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2. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761899. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...
2. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1899. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Top roll and one bottom roll, mill housing or cheeks, and spur pinion gears. The broken projection on the mill beside the bottom roll indicates the location of the cane tray. The cane juice crushed from the cane flowed into the juice tray below the bottom rolls. It then flowed into a wooden gutter and through a short tunnel in the mill's masonry enclosure and on to the boiling house for further processing. The opening at the base of the masency wall (In the photograph) is where the gutter ran from the mill to the boiling house. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bateman, M. G.; Stewart, M. F.; Blakeslee, R. J.; Podgorny, s. J.; Christian, H. J.; Mach, D. M.; Bailey, J. C.; Daskar, D.
2006-01-01
This paper reports on a new generation of aircraft-based rotating-vane style electric field mills designed and built at NASA's Marshall Spaceflight Center. The mills have individual microprocessors that digitize the electric field signal at the mill and respond to commands from the data system computer. The mills are very sensitive (1 V/m per bit), have a wide dynamic range (115 dB), and are very low noise (+/-1 LSB). Mounted on an aircraft, these mills can measure fields from +/-1 V/m to +/-500 kV/m. Once-per-second commanding from the data collection computer to each mill allows for precise timing and synchronization. The mills can also be commanded to execute a self-calibration in flight, which is done periodically to monitor the status and health of each mill.
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40 CFR 406.50 - Applicability; description of the normal rice milling subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... normal rice milling subcategory. 406.50 Section 406.50 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Normal Rice Milling Subcategory § 406.50 Applicability; description of the normal rice milling subcategory. The...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Milling. 3596.1 Section 3596.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT... OPERATIONS Waste From Mining or Milling § 3596.1 Milling. The operator/lessee shall conduct milling...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Milling. 3596.1 Section 3596.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT... OPERATIONS Waste From Mining or Milling § 3596.1 Milling. The operator/lessee shall conduct milling...
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21 CFR 515.10 - Medicated feed mill license applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Medicated feed mill license applications. 515.10... (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Applications § 515.10 Medicated feed mill license applications. (a) Medicated feed mill license applications (Forms FDA 3448) may...
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7 CFR 868.314 - Grade designation and other certificate information.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.314 Grade designation and other certificate information. (a) Milled rice. The grade designation for all classes of Milled rice shall be... Milled rice information. For the class Mixed Milled rice, the following information shall be included in...
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7 CFR 868.314 - Grade designation and other certificate information.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.314 Grade designation and other certificate information. (a) Milled rice. The grade designation for all classes of Milled rice shall be... Milled rice information. For the class Mixed Milled rice, the following information shall be included in...
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68. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND ...
68. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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168. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND ...
168. VIEW OF MILLING FLOOR FROM SOUTHEAST. SECONDARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER AT MIDDLE LEFT. PRIMARY MILL SURGE TANK AND LAUNDERS AT MIDDLE BOTTOM. STAIR TO TROJAN CLASSIFIER LEVEL BEHIND CRANE BENT, UPPER RIGHT. PAIRED PIPES FROM PRIMARY PULP PUMPS TO PRIMARY THICKENERS RISE VERTICALLY AT MIDDLE RIGHT AND RUN HORIZONTALLY ACROSS TOP OF VIEW - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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Lebon, Nicolas; Tapie, Laurent; Duret, Francois; Attal, Jean-Pierre
2016-01-01
The dental milling machine is an important device in the dental CAD/CAM chain. Nowadays, dental numerical controlled (NC) milling machines are available for dental surgeries (chairside solution). This article provides a mechanical engineering approach to NC milling machines to help dentists understand the involvement of technology in digital dentistry practice. First, some technical concepts and definitions associated with NC milling machines are described from a mechanical engineering viewpoint. The technical and economic criteria of four chairside dental NC milling machines that are available on the market are then described. The technical criteria are focused on the capacities of the embedded technologies of these milling machines to mill both prosthetic materials and types of shape restorations. The economic criteria are focused on investment costs and interoperability with third-party software. The clinical relevance of the technology is assessed in terms of the accuracy and integrity of the restoration.
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Activity of Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in and around flour mills.
Doud, C W; Phillips, T W
2000-12-01
Studies were conducted at two flour mills where male Indian meal moths, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner), were captured using pheromone-baited traps. Objectives were to determine the distribution of male P. interpunctella at different locations in and around the mills throughout the season, and to monitor moth activity before and after one of the mills was fumigated with methyl bromide to assess efficacy of treatment. Commercially available sticky traps baited with the P. interpunctella sex pheromone were placed at various locations outside and within the larger of the two mills (mill 1). Moths were captured inside mill 1 after methyl bromide fumigations. The highest numbers of P. interpunctella were caught outside the facility and at ground floor locations near outside openings. Additional traps placed in the rooms above the concrete stored-wheat silos at mill 1 during the second year captured more moths than did traps within the mill's production and warehouse areas. In another study, moths were trapped at various distances from a smaller flour mill (mill 2) to determine the distribution of moths outdoors relative to the mill. There was a negative correlation between moth capture and distance from the facility, which suggested that moth activity was concentrated at or near the flour mill. The effectiveness of the methyl bromide fumigations in suppressing moth populations could not be assessed with certainty because moths captured after fumigation may have immigrated from outside through opened loading bay warehouse doors. This study documents high levels of P. interpunctella outdoors relative to those recorded inside a food processing facility. Potential for immigration of P. interpunctella into flour mills and other stored product facilities from other sources may be greater than previously recognized. Moth entry into a food processing facility after fumigation is a problem that should be addressed by pest managers.
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Demonstration of a silicon nitride attrition mill for production of fine pure Si and Si3N4 powders
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Herbell, T. P.; Glasgow, T. K.; Orth, N. W.
1984-01-01
To avoid metallic impurities normally introduced by milling ceramic powders in conventional steel hardware, an attrition mill (high-energy stirred ball mill) was constructed with the wearing parts (mill body, stirring arms, and media) made from silicon nitride. Commercial silicon and Si3N4 powders were milled to fine uniform particles with only minimal contamination - primarily from wear of the sintered Si3N4 media.
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Sepulveda, M.S.; Ruessler, D.S.; Denslow, N.D.; Holm, S.E.; Schoeb, T.R.; Gross, T.S.
2001-01-01
This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of efffluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C90d10EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17??-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the <10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.
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Sepúlveda, M S; Ruessler, D S; Denslow, N D; Holm, S E; Schoeb, T R; Gross, T S
2001-11-01
This study evaluated the potential effects of different concentrations of bleached/unbleached kraft mill effluent (B/UKME) on several reproductive endpoints in adult largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). The kraft mill studied produces a 50/50 mix of bleached/unbleached market pulp with an estimated release of 36 million gal of effluent/day. Bleaching sequences were C90d10EopHDp and CEHD for softwood (pines) and hardwoods (mainly tupelo, gums, magnolia, and water oaks), respectively. Bass were exposed to different effluent concentrations (0 [controls, exposed to well water], 10, 20, 40, or 80%) for either 28 or 56 days. At the end of each exposure period, fish were euthanized, gonads collected for histological evaluation and determination of gonadosomatic index (GSI), and plasma was analyzed for 17beta-estradiol, 11-ketotestosterone, and vitellogenin (VTG). Largemouth bass exposed to B/UKME responded with changes at the biochemical level (decline in sex steroids in both sexes and VTG in females) that were usually translated into tissue/organ-level responses (declines in GSI in both sexes and in ovarian development in females). Although most of these responses occurred after exposing fish to 40% B/UKME concentrations or greater, some were observed after exposures to 20% B/UKME. These threshold concentrations fall within the 60% average yearly concentration of effluent that exists in the stream near the point of discharge (Rice Creek), but are above the <10% effluent concentration present in the St. Johns River. The chemical(s) responsible for such changes as well as their mode(s) of action remain unknown at this time.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-10
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13526-001] Bowersock Mills...: Bowersock Mills Power Company (Bowersock). e. Name of Project: Bowersock Mills and Power Company Expanded....S.C. 791(a)-825(r). h. Applicant Contact: Sarah Hill-Nelson, The Bowersock Mills and Power Company...
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Children's Rights, "die Antipadagogen," and the Paternalism of John Stuart Mill.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nordenbo, Sven Erik
1987-01-01
Mill's liberty principle and the children's rights movement ("die Antipadagogen") are discussed in terms of Mill's attitude of paternalism in children's education. Mill contends that the individual liberty of children must be limited for their own good. Proponents of educational liberalism are not justified in claiming Mill as a…
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Baricz, Árpád
2008-04-01
In this paper we study the monotonicity properties of some functions involving the Mills' ratio of the standard normal law. From these we deduce some new functional inequalities involving the Mills' ratio, and we show that the Mills' ratio is strictly completely monotonic. At the end of this paper we present some Turán-type inequalities for Mills' ratio.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yue, Zhihao; Zhou, Lang; Jin, Chenxin; Xu, Guojun; Liu, Liekai; Tang, Hao; Li, Xiaomin; Sun, Fugen; Huang, Haibin; Yuan, Jiren
2017-06-01
N-type silicon wafers with electrical resistivity of 0.001 Ω cm were ball-milled to powders and part of them was further mechanically crushed by sand-milling to smaller particles of nano-size. Both the sand-milled and ball-milled silicon powders were, respectively, mixed with graphite powder (silicon:graphite = 5:95, weight ratio) as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. Electrochemical measurements, including cycle and rate tests, present that anode using sand-milled silicon powder performed much better. The first discharge capacity of sand-milled silicon anode is 549.7 mAh/g and it is still up to 420.4 mAh/g after 100 cycles. Besides, the D50 of sand-milled silicon powder shows ten times smaller in particle size than that of ball-milled silicon powder, and they are 276 nm and 2.6 μm, respectively. In addition, there exist some amorphous silicon components in the sand-milled silicon powder excepting the multi-crystalline silicon, which is very different from the ball-milled silicon powder made up of multi-crystalline silicon only.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hou, Shang-Chieh; Su, Yuh-Fan; Chang, Chia-Chin; Hu, Chih-Wei; Chen, Tsan-Yao; Yang, Shun-Min; Huang, Jow-Lay
2017-05-01
The submicro-sized and nanostructured Si aggregated powder is prepared by combinational routes of high energy mechanical milling (HEMM) and wet milling. Milled Si powder is investigated by particle size analyzer, SEM, TEM, XPS and XRD as well as the control ones. Its electrode is also investigated by in situ XRD and electrochemical performance. Morphology reveals that combining the high energy mechanical milling and wet milling not only fracture primary Si particles but also form submicro-sized Si aggregates constructed by amorphous and nanocrystalline phases. Moreover, XPS shows that wet milling in ethanol trigger Sisbnd Osbnd CH2CH3 bonding on Si surface might enhance the SEI formation. In situ XRD analysis shows negative electrode made of submicro-sized Si aggregated powder can effectively suppress formation of crystalline Li15Si4 during lithiation and delithiation due to amorphous and nanocrystalline construction. Thus, the submicro-sized Si powder with synergistic effects combining the high energy mechanical milling and wet milling in ethanol as negative electrode performs better capacity retention.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vereschaka, Alexey; Mokritskii, Boris; Mokritskaya, Elena; Sharipov, Oleg; Oganyan, Maksim
2018-03-01
The paper deals with the challenges of the application of two-component end mills, which represent a combination of a carbide cutting part and a shank made of cheaper structural material. The calculations of strains and deformations of composite mills were carried out in comparison with solid carbide mills, with the use of the finite element method. The study also involved the comparative analysis of accuracy parameters of machining with monolithic mills and two-component mills with various shank materials. As a result of the conducted cutting tests in milling aluminum alloy with monolithic and two-component end mills with specially developed multilayer composite nano-structured coatings, it has been found that the use of such coatings can reduce strains and, correspondingly, deformations, which can improve the accuracy of machining. Thus, the application of two-component end mills with multilayer composite nano-structured coatings can provide a reduction in the cost of machining while maintaining or even improving the tool life and machining accuracy parameters.
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Discrete element method based scale-up model for material synthesis using ball milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Santhanam, Priya Radhi
Mechanical milling is a widely used technique for powder processing in various areas. In this work, a scale-up model for describing this ball milling process is developed. The thesis is a combination of experimental and modeling efforts. Initially, Discrete Element Model (DEM) is used to describe energy transfer from milling tools to the milled powder for shaker, planetary, and attritor mills. The rolling and static friction coefficients are determined experimentally. Computations predict a quasisteady rate of energy dissipation, E d, for each experimental configuration. It is proposed that the milling dose defined as a product of Ed and milling time, t, divided by the mass of milled powder, mp characterizes the milling progress independently of the milling device or milling conditions used. Once the milling dose is determined for one experimental configuration, it can be used to predict the milling time required to prepare the same material in any milling configuration, for which Ed is calculated. The concept is validated experimentally for DEM describing planetary and shaker mills. For attritor, the predicted Ed includes substantial contribution from milling tool interaction events with abnormally high forces (>103 N). The energy in such events is likely dissipated to heat or plastically deform milling tools rather than refine material. Indeed, DEM predictions for the attritor correlate with experiments when such events are ignored in the analysis. With an objective of obtaining real-time indicators of milling progress, power, torque, and rotation speed of the impeller of an attritor mill are measured during preparation of metal matrix composite powders in the subsequent portion of this thesis. Two material systems are selected and comparisons made between in-situ parameters and experimental milling progress indicators. It is established that real-time measurements can certainly be used to describe milling progress. However, they need to be interpreted carefully depending on hardness of brittle component relative to milling media. To improve the DEM model of the attritor mill, it is desired to avoid the removal of unrealistic, high-force events using an approach that would not predict such events in the first place. It is observed that during experiments in attritor, balls may jam causing an increased resistance to the impeller's rotation. The impeller may instantaneously slow down, quickly returning to its pre-set rotation rate. Previous DEM models did not account for such rapid changes in the impeller's rotation. In this work, this relationship between impeller's torque and rotation rate is obtained experimentally and introduced in DEM. As a result, predicted Ed, are shown to correlate well with the experimental data. Finally, a methodology is proposed combining an experiment and its DEM description enabling one to identify the appropriate interaction parameters for powder systems. The experiment uses a miniature vibrating hopper and can be applied to characterize the powder flow for variety of materials. The hopper is designed to hold up to 20,000 particles of 50-mum diameter, which can be directly described in DEM. Based on comparison of discharge rate from experiments and model, all 6 interaction parameters were analyzed and the ideal conditions identified for Zirconia beads. The values of these parameters for powders are generally not the same as those established for macroscopic bodies. In addition, effects of some other experimental parameters such as particle size distribution and amplitude of vibration are also investigated.
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System and method of forming nanostructured ferritic alloy
Dial, Laura Cerully; DiDomizio, Richard; Alinger, Matthew Joseph; Huang, Shenyan
2016-07-26
A system for mechanical milling and a method of mechanical milling are disclosed. The system includes a container, a feedstock, and milling media. The container encloses a processing volume. The feedstock and the milling media are disposed in the processing volume of the container. The feedstock includes metal or alloy powder and a ceramic compound. The feedstock is mechanically milled in the processing volume using metallic milling media that includes a surface portion that has a carbon content less than about 0.4 weight percent.
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Cell and module formation research area
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bickler, D. B.
1982-01-01
Metallization is discussed. The influence of hydrogen on the firing of base-metal pastes in reducing atmospheres is reported. A method for optimization of metallization patterns is presented. A process sequence involving an AR coating and thick-film metallization system capable of penetrating the AR coating during firing is reported. Design and construction of the NMA implantation machine is reported. Implanted back-surface fields and NMA primary (front) junctions are discussed. The use of glass beads, a wave-soldering device, and ion milling is reported. Processing through the module fabrication and environmental testing of its design are reported. Metallization patterns by mathematical optimization are assessed.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Bo; Wei, Shicheng; Wang, Yujiang; Liang, Yi; Guo, Lei; Xue, Junfeng; Pan, Fusheng; Tang, Aitao; Chen, Xianhua; Xu, Binshi
2018-03-01
Nano-titanium (Nano-Ti) was prepared by high-energy ball milling from pure Ti power and grinding agents (Epoxy resin) at room temperature. The effect of milling time on structure and properties of Nano-Ti polymer were investigated systematically. The results show that high-energy ball milling is an effective way to produce Nano-Ti polymer. The dispersion stability and compatibility between Ti power and grinding agents are improved by prolonging the milling time at a certain degree, that is to say, the optimization milling time is 240 min. The particle size of Ti powder and the diffraction peaks intensity of Ti decrease obviously as the milling time increases due to the compression stress, shear friction and other mechanical forces are formed during ball milling. FT-IR result displays that the wavenumber of all the bands move to lower wavenumber after ball milling, and the epoxy ring is open. The system internal energy rises owing to the broken epoxy group and much more Nano-Ti is formed to promote the grafting reaction between Nano-Ti and epoxy resin. The results from TEM and XPS also prove that. And the grafting ration is maximum as the milling time is 240 min, the mass loss ratio is 17.53%.
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Sakwanichol, Jarunee; Puttipipatkhachorn, Satit; Ingenerf, Gernot; Kleinebudde, Peter
2012-01-01
Different experimental factorial designs were employed to evaluate granule properties obtained from oscillating granulator and roll mill. Four oscillating-granulator parameters were varied, i.e. rotor speed, oscillating angle, aperture of mesh screen and rotor type. Six roll-mill parameters that were throughput, speed ratio in both first and second stages, gap between roll pair in both stages and roll-surface texture were also investigated. Afterwards, the granule properties obtained from two milling types with similar median particle size were compared. All milling parameters in both milling types affected significantly the median particle size, size distribution and amount of fine particles (P < 0.05), except the rotor types of oscillating granulator on fines. Only three milling parameters influenced significantly the flowability (P < 0.05). These were the throughput and the gap size in the first stage of roll mill and the sieve size of oscillating granulator. In comparison between milling types, the differences of granule properties were not practically relevant. However, the roll mill had much higher capacity than the oscillating granulator about seven times, resulting in improving energy savings per unit of product. Consequently, the roll mill can be applied instead of oscillating granulator for roll compaction/dry granulation technique.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Liu, Zhijie; Wang, Wenchun; Yang, Dezheng; Wang, Sen; Dai, Leyang
2016-07-01
Nano-size aluminum nitride (AlN) powders have been successfully synthesized with a high efficiency method through annealing from milling assisted by discharge plasma (p-milling) alumina (Al2O3) precursors. The characterization of the p-milling Al2O3 powders and the synthesized AlN are investigated. Compared to conventional ball milling (c-milling), it can be found that the precursors by p-milling have a finer grain size with a higher specific surface area, which lead to a faster reaction efficiency and higher conversion to AlN at lower temperatures. The activation energy of p-milling Al2O3 is found to be 371.5 kJ/mol, a value that is much less than the reported value of the unmilled and the conventional milled Al2O3. Meanwhile, the synthesized AlN powders have unique features, such as an irregular lamp-like morphology with uniform particle distribution and fine average particle size. The results are attributed to the unique synergistic effect of p-milling, which is the effect of deformation, fracture, and cold welding of Al2O3 powders resulting from ball milling, that will be enhanced due to the introduction of discharge plasma. supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51177008)
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40 CFR 63.1347 - Standards for raw and finish mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Standards for raw and finish mills. 63... and Operating Limits § 63.1347 Standards for raw and finish mills. The owner or operator of each new or existing raw mill or finish mill at a facility which is a major source subject to the provisions...
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Validation of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator
Edward R. Thomas; Urs Buehlmann
2002-01-01
The USDA Forest Service's ROMI-RIP rough mill rip-first simulation program is a popular tool for analyzing rough mill conditions, determining more efficient rough mill practices, and finding optimal lumber board cut-up patterns. However, until now, the results generated by ROMI-RIP have not been rigorously compared to those of an actual rough mill. Validating the...
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10. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM EAST, c. 191928. ADDITION TO ...
10. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM EAST, c. 1919-28. ADDITION TO THE EAST END OF MILLING FLOOR VISIBLE WITH TRAM ENTRY DOOR. ALSO SEEN ARE THE ADDITIONS FOR MILL SOLUTION TANKS AND THE EAST SIDE OF SAMPLING ROOMS. CREDIT JW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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Ouwerkerk, D; Klieve, A V; Forster, R J; Templeton, J M; Maguire, A J
2005-01-01
To determine the culturable biodiversity of anaerobic bacteria isolated from the forestomach contents of an eastern grey kangaroo, Macropus giganteus, using phenotypic characterization and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. Bacteria from forestomach contents of an eastern grey kangaroo were isolated using anaerobic media containing milled curly Mitchell grass (Astrebla lappacea). DNA was extracted and the 16S rDNA sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. Forty bacterial isolates were obtained and placed in 17 groups based on phenotypic characteristics and restriction enzyme digestion of 16S rDNA PCR products. DNA sequencing revealed that the 17 groups comprised five known species (Clostridium butyricum, Streptococcus bovis, Clostridium sporogenes, Clostridium paraputrificum and Enterococcus avium) and 12 groups apparently representing new species, all within the phylum Firmicutes. Foregut contents from Australian macropod marsupials contain a microbial ecosystem with a novel bacterial biodiversity comprising a high percentage of previously unrecognized species. This study adds to knowledge of Australia's unique biodiversity, which may provide a future bioresource of genetic information and bacterial species of benefit to agriculture.
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15. STONE BURR MILL PROBABLY USED FOR GRINDING FEED. ONLY ...
15. STONE BURR MILL PROBABLY USED FOR GRINDING FEED. ONLY REMAINING MILL MACHINERY William E. Barrett, photographer, 1973 - Thomas Shepherd's Grist Mill, High Street Vicinity, Shepherdstown, Jefferson County, WV
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41. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, CANNELTON, ...
41. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, CANNELTON, INDIANA, SHOWING LOCATION OF ALL STRUCTURES IN THE CANNELTON MILL COMPLEX - Cannelton Cotton Mill, Front & Fourth Streets, Cannelton, Perry County, IN
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INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR BRIDGE BETWEEN PLANING MILL AND CAR ...
INTERIOR OF SECOND FLOOR BRIDGE BETWEEN PLANING MILL AND CAR MACHINE SHOP, LOOKING SOUTH TOWARD PLANING MILL. - Southern Pacific, Sacramento Shops, Planing Mill, 111 I Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA
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Evaluation of End Mill Coatings
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
L. J. Lazarus; R. L. Hester,
2005-08-01
Milling tests were run on families of High Speed Steel (HSS) end mills to determine their lives while machining 304 Stainless Steel. The end mills tested were made from M7, M42 and T15-CPM High Speed Steels. The end mills were also evaluated with no coatings as well as with Titanium Nitride (TiN) and Titanium Carbo-Nitride (TiCN) coatings to determine which combination of HSS and coating provided the highest increase in end mill life while increasing the cost of the tool the least. We found end mill made from M42 gave us the largest increase in tool life with the leastmore » increase in cost. The results of this study will be used by Cutting Tool Engineering in determining which end mill descriptions will be dropped from our tool catalog.« less
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Powder properties of hydrogenated ball-milled graphite
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zhang, Y., E-mail: y.zhang062012@gmail.com; Wedderburn, J.; Harris, R.
2014-12-15
Ball milling is an effective way of producing defective and nanostructured graphite. In this work, the hydrogen storage properties of graphite, ball-milled in a tungsten carbide milling pot under 3 bar hydrogen for various times (0–40 h), were investigated by TGA-Mass Spectrometry, XRD, SEM and laser diffraction particle size analysis. For the conditions used in this study, 10 h is the optimum milling time resulting in desorption of 5.5 wt% hydrogen upon heating under argon to 990 °C. After milling for 40 h, the graphite became significantly more disordered, and the amount of desorbed hydrogen decreased. After milling up tomore » 10 h, the BET surface area increased while particle size decreased; however, there is no apparent correlation between these parameters, and the hydrogen storage properties of the hydrogenated ball-milled graphite.« less
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Effect of milling atmosphere on structural and magnetic properties of Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hajalilou, Abdollah; Hashim, Mansor; Ebrahimi-Kahrizsangi, Reza; Masoudi Mohamad, Taghi
2015-04-01
Powder mixtures of Zn, NiO, and Fe2O3 are mechanically alloyed by high energy ball milling to produce Ni-Zn ferrite with a nominal composition of Ni0.36Zn0.64Fe2O4. The effects of milling atmospheres (argon, air, and oxygen), milling time (from 0 to 30 h) and heat treatment are studied. The products are characterized using x-ray diffractometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and transmitted electron microscopy. The results indicate that the desired ferrite is not produced during the milling in the samples milled under either air or oxygen atmospheres. In those samples milled under argon, however, Zn/NiO/Fe2O3 reacts with a solid-state diffusion mode to produce Ni-Zn ferrite nanocrystalline in a size of 8 nm after 30-h-milling. The average crystallite sizes decrease to 9 nm and 10 nm in 30-h-milling samples under air and oxygen atmospheres, respectively. Annealing the 30-h-milling samples at 600 °C for 2 h leads to the formation of a single phase of Ni-Zn ferrite, an increase of crystallite size, and a reduction of internal lattice strain. Finally, the effects of the milling atmosphere and heating temperature on the magnetic properties of the 30-h-milling samples are investigated. Project supported by the University Putra Malaysia Graduate Research Fellowship Section.
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29 CFR 1910.216 - Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries... Guarding § 1910.216 Mills and calenders in the rubber and plastics industries. (a) General requirements— (1... installed in accordance with this section and Subpart S of this part. (4) Mill roll heights. All new mill...
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Lumber recovery of Douglas-fir from the Coast and Cascade Ranges of Oregon and Washington.
Susan Willits; Thomas D. Fahey
1988-01-01
This report summarizes the results of lumber recovery studies at four sawmills in western Oregon and western Washington; two dimension mills, one grade mill, and one timber mill were included. Results from individual mills are reported and discussed. The four mills were also combined to approximate "average" conversion of logs to lumber for the region....
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EAST ELEVATION, LTV STEEL (FORMERLY REPUBLIC STEEL), 8" BAR MILL, ...
EAST ELEVATION, LTV STEEL (FORMERLY REPUBLIC STEEL), 8" BAR MILL, BUFFALO PLANT. VIEW LOOKING SOUTHWEST FROM ROLL SHOP. 8" BAR MILL DESIGNED AND BUILT BY DONNER STEEL CO. (PREDECESSOR OF REPUBLIC), 1919-1920. FOR DESCRIPTION OF ORIGINAL MILL SEE "IRON AGE", 116\\4 (23 JULY 1925): 201-204. - LTV Steel, 8-inch Bar Mill, Buffalo Plant, Buffalo, Erie County, NY
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21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may... microorganisms in cane-sugar and/or beet-sugar mills as specified in paragraph (b) of this section. (b) They are...
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3. GENERAL VIEW OF REMAINS OF 40" BLOOMING MILL; THE ...
3. GENERAL VIEW OF REMAINS OF 40" BLOOMING MILL; THE ENGINE ROOM CONTAINING THE MESTA-CORLISS STEAM ENGINE, IS LOCATED AT THE FAR END OF THE MILL AS SEEN TO THE FAR RIGHT (THE BUILDING WITH THE SHED ROOF). - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH
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Process engineering with planetary ball mills.
Burmeister, Christine Friederike; Kwade, Arno
2013-09-21
Planetary ball mills are well known and used for particle size reduction on laboratory and pilot scales for decades while during the last few years the application of planetary ball mills has extended to mechanochemical approaches. Processes inside planetary ball mills are complex and strongly depend on the processed material and synthesis and, thus, the optimum milling conditions have to be assessed for each individual system. The present review focuses on the insight into several parameters like properties of grinding balls, the filling ratio or revolution speed. It gives examples of the aspects of grinding and illustrates some general guidelines to follow for modelling processes in planetary ball mills in terms of refinement, synthesis' yield and contamination from wear. The amount of energy transferred from the milling tools to the powder is significant and hardly measurable for processes in planetary ball mills. Thus numerical simulations based on a discrete-element-method are used to describe the energy transfer to give an adequate description of the process by correlation with experiments. The simulations illustrate the effect of the geometry of planetary ball mills on the energy entry. In addition the imaging of motion patterns inside a planetary ball mill from simulations and video recordings is shown.
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Influence of high-energy milling on structure and microstructure of asbestos-cement materials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Iwaszko, Józef; Zawada, Anna; Lubas, Małgorzata
2018-03-01
Asbestos-Containing Waste (ACW) in the form of a fragment from an asbestos-cement board was subjected to high-energy milling in a planetary mill at a constant rotational speed of 650 rpm and for variable milling times: 1, 2, and 3 h. The initial and the milled materials were subjected to infrared spectroscopic examination to identify the asbestos variety and to evaluate changes in the structure caused by high-energy milling. FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) examinations followed optical microscopy and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) studies as well as X-ray analysis of the phase composition. It was found that the asbestos fibres present in the asbestos-cement board were respirable fibres with pathogenic properties. Identifying asbestos using the spectroscopic method showed that chrysotile asbestos was present in the as-received ACW while no characteristics of absorption bands from crocidolite or amosite were found. The results of the spectroscopic examinations were confirmed by the X-ray phase analysis. During SEM investigations of the milled ACW, complete loss of the fibrous structure of chrysotile was observed. The FT-IR examinations of the milled material showed that with an increased milling time, the characteristic absorption bands characteristic for chrysotile diminished and already after 2 h of milling their almost complete decay was observed. Thereby, it was confirmed that high-energy milling results in destruction of the crystalline structure of the asbestos phase. The conducted studies have shown that the treatment of asbestos-cement materials using high-energy milling is an effective method for asbestos disposal, capable of competing with other technologies and solutions. Moreover, FT-IR spectroscopy was found to be useful to identify asbestos phases and to assess changes caused by high-energy milling.
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EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE 140' PLATE MILL. SECTION ON THE ...
EXTERIOR VIEW OF THE 140' PLATE MILL. SECTION ON THE RIGHT ONCE HOUSED THE 32' UNIVERSAL SLABBING MILL - U.S. Steel Homestead Works, 140" Plate Mill, Along Monongahela River, Homestead, Allegheny County, PA
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NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT ...
NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT EDGE IS THE SINGLE CYLINDER HOT SHOT ENGINE THAT PROVIDED POWER FOR THE MILL. JUST IN FRONT OF IT IS AN ARRASTRA. AT CENTER IS THE BALL MILL AND SECONDARY ORE BIN. JUST TO THE RIGHT OF THE BALL MILL IS A RAKE CLASSIFIER, AND TO THE RIGHT ARE THE CONCENTRATION TABLES. WARM SPRINGS CAMP IS IN THE DISTANCE. SEE CA-292-4 FOR IDENTICAL B&W NEGATIVE. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT ...
NORTH ELEVATION OF GOLD HILL MILL, LOOKING SOUTH. AT LEFT EDGE IS THE SINGLE CYLINDER HOT SHOT ENGINE THAT PROVIDED POWER FOR THE MILL. JUST IN FRONT OF IT IS AN ARRASTRA. AT CENTER IS THE BALL MILL AND SECONDARY ORE BIN. JUST TO THE RIGHT OF THE BALL MILL IS A RAKE CLASSIFIER, AND TO THE RIGHT ARE THE CONCENTRATION TABLES. WARM SPRINGS CAMP IS IN THE DISTANCE. SEE CA-292-17 (CT) FOR IDENTICAL COLOR TRANSPARENCY. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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Structural changes during milling of aluminum oxide powders
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ziepler, G.
1984-01-01
The mechanical activation of four fused corundum powders and a calcined Al2O3 powder was studied. The milled powders were characterized by their structural properties, crystallite size, and lattice distortions. Structural changes during milling, detected by X-ray line broadening analysis, gave information about the enhanced activity of the powders caused by the lattice distortions and by the decreasing crystallite size during milling. The structural changes during milling, under the same milling conditions, can be quite different for the same ceramic material, but with different characteristics in the as received state.
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Milling induced amorphisation and recrystallization of α-lactose monohydrate.
Badal Tejedor, Maria; Pazesh, Samaneh; Nordgren, Niklas; Schuleit, Michael; Rutland, Mark W; Alderborn, Göran; Millqvist-Fureby, Anna
2018-02-15
Preprocessing of pharmaceutical powders is a common procedure to condition the materials for a better manufacturing performance. However, such operations may induce undesired material properties modifications when conditioning particle size through milling, for example. Modification of both surface and bulk material structure will change the material properties, thus affecting the processability of the powder. Hence it is essential to control the material transformations that occur during milling. Topographical and mechanical changes in surface properties can be a preliminary indication of further material transformations. Therefore a surface evaluation of the α-lactose monohydrate after short and prolonged milling times has been performed. Unprocessed α-lactose monohydrate and spray dried lactose were evaluated in parallel to the milled samples as reference examples of the crystalline and amorphous lactose structure. Morphological differences between unprocessed α-lactose, 1 h and 20 h milled lactose and spray dried lactose were detected from SEM and AFM images. Additionally, AFM was used to simultaneously characterize particle surface amorphicity by measuring energy dissipation. Extensive surface amorphicity was detected after 1 h of milling while prolonged milling times showed only a moderate particle surface amorphisation. Bulk material characterization performed with DSC indicated a partial amorphicity for the 1 h milled lactose and a fully amorphous thermal profile for the 20 h milled lactose. The temperature profiles however, were shifted somewhat in the comparison to the amorphous reference, particularly after extended milling, suggesting a different amorphous state compared to the spray-dried material. Water loss during milling was measured with TGA, showing lower water content for the lactose amorphized through milling compared to spray dried amorphous lactose. The combined results suggest a surface-bulk propagation of the amorphicity during milling in combination with a different amorphous structural conformation to that of the amorphous spray dried lactose. The hardened surface may be due to either surface crystallization of lactose or to formation of a low-water glass transition. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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10. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHEAST SHOWING (from left) INDUSTRY ...
10. AERIAL VIEW LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHEAST SHOWING (from left) INDUSTRY MILL, HARMONY MILL, PHOENIX MILL, CONGDON MILL, TODD RAFFERTY MACHINE CO. - Great Falls S. U. M. Historic District, Oliver Street, Paterson, Passaic County, NJ
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VIEW OF MILL FROM KEKAHA ROAD, WITH SUGAR BIN, CANE ...
VIEW OF MILL FROM KEKAHA ROAD, WITH SUGAR BIN, CANE CLEANING PLANT AND CRUSHING MILL TO THE FORE. VIEW FROM THE EAST - Kekaha Sugar Company, Sugar Mill Building, 8315 Kekaha Road, Kekaha, Kauai County, HI
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The milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Dillehay, M. E.; Gaier, J. R.
1986-01-01
Techniques were developed for the ball milling of pristine and brominated P-100 graphite fibers. Because of the lubrication properties of graphite, large ball loads (50 percent by volume) were required. Use of 2-propanol as a milling medium enhanced the efficiency of the process. Milled brominated P-100 fibers had resistivities which were indistinguishable from milled pristine P-100 fibers. Apparent loss of bromine from the brominated fibers suggests that bromine would not be the intercalate of choice in applications where milled fibers of this type are required. Other intercalates which do not degas may be more appropriate for a milled fiber application. These same results, however, do provide evidence that bromine molecules leave the fiber surface when removed from overpressure of bromine. While exploring possible solvent media for milling purposes, it was found that brominated fibers are stable in a wide variety of organic solvents.
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Loop quantum corrected Einstein Yang-Mills black holes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Protter, Mason; DeBenedictis, Andrew
2018-05-01
In this paper, we study the homogeneous interiors of black holes possessing SU(2) Yang-Mills fields subject to corrections inspired by loop quantum gravity. The systems studied possess both magnetic and induced electric Yang-Mills fields. We consider the system of equations both with and without Wilson loop corrections to the Yang-Mills potential. The structure of the Yang-Mills Hamiltonian, along with the restriction to homogeneity, allows for an anomaly-free effective quantization. In particular, we study the bounce which replaces the classical singularity and the behavior of the Yang-Mills fields in the quantum corrected interior, which possesses topology R ×S2 . Beyond the bounce, the magnitude of the Yang-Mills electric field asymptotically grows monotonically. This results in an ever-expanding R sector even though the two-sphere volume is asymptotically constant. The results are similar with and without Wilson loop corrections on the Yang-Mills potential.
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The Tool Life of Ball Nose end Mill Depending on the Different Types of Ramping
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vopát, Tomáš; Peterka, Jozef; Kováč, Martin
2014-12-01
The article deals with the cutting tool wear measurement process and tool life of ball nose end mill depending on upward ramping and downward ramping. The aim was to determine and compare the wear (tool life) of ball nose end mill for different types of copy milling operations, as well as to specify particular steps of the measurement process. In addition, we examined and observed cutter contact areas of ball nose end mill with machined material. For tool life test, DMG DMU 85 monoBLOCK 5-axis CNC milling machine was used. In the experiment, cutting speed, feed rate, axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut were not changed. The cutting tool wear was measured on Zoller Genius 3s universal measuring machine. The results show different tool life of ball nose end mills depending on the copy milling strategy.
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29. Photocopy of photograph of the West Side Milling District, ...
29. Photocopy of photograph of the West Side Milling District, dated 1912, original filed as MH5.9/NP1h/p14 in Audio-visual Collection of Minnesota Historical Society, St. Paul; SHOWS CROWN ROLLER MILL (THREE-QUARTER VIEW OF SOUTH AND WEST SIDES); LOOKING NORTHEAST - Crown Roller Mill, 105 Fifth Avenue, South, West Side Milling District, Minneapolis, Hennepin County, MN
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1. VIEW OF SOUTHEAST ELEVATION OF GRANITEVILLE MILL COMPLEX. THIS ...
1. VIEW OF SOUTHEAST ELEVATION OF GRANITEVILLE MILL COMPLEX. THIS ONE-STORY BRICK SECTION OF THE MILL WAS BUILT AS A WEAVE ROOM ADDITION IN THE 1860s. THE ORIGINAL MONITOR ROOF HAS BEEN REMOVED, AND THE WINDOWS BRICKED-IN. NOTE ONE OF THE TOWER CUPOLAS OF THE ORIGINAL 1846-48 MILL IN THE RIGHT BACKGROUND. - Graniteville Mill, Marshall Street, Graniteville, Aiken County, SC
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3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE ...
3. AERIAL VIEW OF SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT. NEPPERHAN AVENUE IS AT LEFT, SLIGHTLY FILLED SAW MILL RIVER CULVERT IS ON RIGHT. - Old Croton Aqueduct, Saw Mill River Culvert, Spanning Nepperhan Avenue, Yonkers, Westchester County, NY
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1. VIEW, LOOKING FROM THE SOUTHEAST, OF THE DEFIANCE MILL. ...
1. VIEW, LOOKING FROM THE SOUTHEAST, OF THE DEFIANCE MILL. THE STEAM BOILER AND VANNER ARE UNDER THE COLLAPSED TIMBERS OF THE MILL BUILDING - Defiance Mill, Southern Edge of Salt Spring Valley, Copperopolis, Calaveras County, CA
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6. VIEW TO WEST, SAMPLING BUILDING, MECHANIC SHED, MILL WAREHOUSE, ...
6. VIEW TO WEST, SAMPLING BUILDING, MECHANIC SHED, MILL WAREHOUSE, DRYERS, AND GRINDING/ROD MILL. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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5. DETAIL OF ROD MILL BASE AND CONVEYOR BELT SUPPORT, ...
5. DETAIL OF ROD MILL BASE AND CONVEYOR BELT SUPPORT, EAST VIEW. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, Grinding Rod Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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2. Dark brick buildings at right are mill (four story) ...
2. Dark brick buildings at right are mill (four story) and warehouse (two story) sections of 1900-1904 construction; at left is 1885 mill. - Empire Mills Company, Front Avenue between Eighth & Tenth Streets, Columbus, Muscogee County, GA
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Molaei, M.J., E-mail: mj.molaee@merc.ac.ir; Delft Chem Tech, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Delft University of Technology, Julianalaan 136, 2628 BL Delft; Ataie, A.
2015-03-15
In this research a mixture of barium ferrite and graphite was milled for different periods of time and then heat treated at different temperatures. The effects of milling time and heat treatment temperature on the phase composition, thermal behavior, morphology and magnetic properties of the samples have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential thermal analysis, high resolution transmission electron microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer techniques, respectively. X-ray diffraction results revealed that BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}/Fe{sub 3}O{sub 4} nanocomposites form after a 20 h milling due to the partial reduction of BaFe{sub 12}O{sub 19}. High resolution transmission electron microscope images of amore » 40 h milled sample showed agglomerated structure consisting of nanoparticles with a mean particle size of 30 nm. Thermal analysis of the samples via differential thermal analysis indicated that for un-milled samples, heat treatment up to 900 °C did not result in α-Fe formation, while for a 20 h milled sample heat treatment at 700 °C resulted in reduction process progress to the formation of α-Fe. Wustite was disappeared in an X-ray diffraction pattern of a heat treated sample at 850 °C, by increasing the milling time from 20 to 40 h. By increasing the milling time, the structure of heat treated samples becomes magnetically softer due to an increase in saturation magnetization and a decrease in coercivity. Saturation magnetization and coercivity of a sample milled for 20 h and heat treated at 850 °C were 126.3 emu/g and 149.5 Oe which by increasing the milling time to 40 h, alter to 169.1 emu/g and 24.3 Oe, respectively. High coercivity values of milled and heat treated samples were attributed to the nano-scale formed iron particles. - Graphical abstract: Display Omitted - Highlights: • Barium ferrite and graphite were treated mechano-thermally. • Increasing milling time increases reduction progress after heat treatment. • Composites including iron nano-crystals forms by milling and heat treatment. • Shorter milling time results in higher H{sub C} of the milled and heat treated samples.« less
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The kinetics of composite particle formation during mechanical alloying
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Aikin, B. J. M.; Courtney, T. H.
1993-01-01
The kinetics of composite particle formation during attritor milling of insoluble binary elemental powders have been examined. The effects of processing conditions (i.e., mill power, temperature, and charge ratio) on these kinetics were studied. Particle size distributions and fractions of elemental and composite particles were determined as functions of milling time and processing conditions. This allowed the deduction of phenomenological rate constants describing the propensity for fracture and welding during processing. For the mill-operating conditions investigated, the number of particles in the mill generally decreased with milling time, indicating a greater tendency for particle welding than fracture. Moreover, a bimodal size distribution is often obtained as a result of preferential welding. Copper and chromium 'alloy' primarily by encapsulation of Cr particles within Cu. This form of alloying also occurs in Cu-Nb alloys processed at low mill power and/or for short milling times. For other conditions, however, Cu-Nb alloys develop a lamellar morphology characteristic of mechanically alloyed two-phase ductile metals. Increasing mill power or charge (ball-to-powder weight) ratio (CR) increases the rate of composite particle formation.
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A static model of a Sendzimir mill for use in shape control
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gunawardene, G. W. D. M.
The design of shape control systems is an area of current interest in the steel industry. Shape is defined as the internal stress distribution resulting from a transverse variation in the reduction of the strip thickness. The object of shape control is to adjust the mill so that the rolled strip is free from internal stresses. Both static and dynamic models of the mill are required for the control system design.The subject of this thesis is the static model of the Sendzimir cold rolling mill, which is a 1-2-3-4 type cluster mill. The static model derived enables shape profiles to be calculated for a given set of actuator positions, and is used to generate the steady state mill gains. The method of calculation of these shape profiles is discussed. The shape profiles obtained for different mill schedules are plotted against the distance across the strip. The corresponding mill gains are calculated and these relate the shape changes to the actuator changes. These mill gains are presented in the form of a square matrix, obtained by measuring shape at eight points across the strip.
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Shale-oil-recovery systems incorporating ore beneficiation. Final report.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Weiss, M.A.; Klumpar, I.V.; Peterson, C.R.
This study analyzed the recovery of oil from oil shale by use of proposed systems which incorporate beneficiation of the shale ore (that is concentration of the kerogen before the oil-recovery step). The objective was to identify systems which could be more attractive than conventional surface retorting of ore. No experimental work was carried out. The systems analyzed consisted of beneficiation methods which could increase kerogen concentrations by at least four-fold. Potentially attractive low-enrichment methods such as density separation were not examined. The technical alternatives considered were bounded by the secondary crusher as input and raw shale oil as output.more » A sequence of ball milling, froth flotation, and retorting concentrate is not attractive for Western shales compared to conventional ore retorting; transporting the concentrate to another location for retorting reduces air emissions in the ore region but cost reduction is questionable. The high capital and energy cost s results largely from the ball milling step which is very inefficient. Major improvements in comminution seem achievable through research and such improvements, plus confirmation of other assumptions, could make high-enrichment beneficiation competitive with conventional processing. 27 figures, 23 tables.« less
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Brownleader, M D; Dey, P M
1993-01-01
Extensin, a hydroxyproline-rich glycoprotein comprising substantial amounts of beta-L-arabinose-hydroxyproline glycosidic linkages is believed to be insolubilized in the cell wall during host-pathogen interaction by a peroxidase/hydroperoxide-mediated cross-linking process. Both extensin precursor and extensin peroxidase were ionically eluted from intact water-washed tomato (hybrid of Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. and L. peruvianum L. (Mill.) cells in suspension cultures and purified to homogeneity by a rapid and simple procedure under mild and non-destructive experimental conditions. The molecular weight of native extensin precursor was estimated to be greater than 240-300 kDa by Superose-12 gel-filtration chromatography. Extensin monomers have previously been designated a molecular weight of approximately 80 kDa. Our results indicate that salt-eluted extensin precursor is not monomeric. Agarose-gel electrophoresis, Superose-12-gel-filtration, extensin-peroxidase-catalysed cross-linking, Mono-S ion-exchange fast protein liquid chromatography (FPLC), and peptide-sequencing data confirmed the homogeneity of the extensin preparation. Evidence that the purified protein was extensin is attributed to the presence of the putative sequence motif--Ser (Hyp)4--within the N-terminal end of the protein. Treatment of extensin with trifluoroacetic acid demonstrated that arabinose was the principal carbohydrate. The amino-acid composition of the purified extensin was similar to those reported in the literature. The cross-linking of extensin in vitro upon incubation with extensin peroxidase and exogenous H2O2 was characteristic of other reported extensins. Furthermore, Mono-S ion-exchange FPLC of native extensin precursor resolved it into two isoforms, A (90%) and B (10%). The amino-acid compositions of extensin A and extensin B were found to be similar to each other and both extensins were cross-linked in vitro by extensin peroxidase.
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Hassen, Wafa; Neifar, Mohamed; Cherif, Hanene; Najjari, Afef; Chouchane, Habib; Driouich, Rim C.; Salah, Asma; Naili, Fatma; Mosbah, Amor; Souissi, Yasmine; Raddadi, Noura; Ouzari, Hadda I.; Fava, Fabio; Cherif, Ameur
2018-01-01
A number of Pseudomonas strains function as inoculants for biocontrol, biofertilization, and phytostimulation, avoiding the use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers. Here, we present a new metabolically versatile plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium, Pseudomonas rhizophila S211, isolated from a pesticide contaminated artichoke field that shows biofertilization, biocontrol and bioremediation potentialities. The S211 genome was sequenced, annotated and key genomic elements related to plant growth promotion and biosurfactant (BS) synthesis were elucidated. S211 genome comprises 5,948,515 bp with 60.4% G+C content, 5306 coding genes and 215 RNA genes. The genome sequence analysis confirmed the presence of genes involved in plant-growth promoting and remediation activities such as the synthesis of ACC deaminase, putative dioxygenases, auxin, pyroverdin, exopolysaccharide levan and rhamnolipid BS. BS production by P. rhizophila S211 grown on olive mill wastewater based media was effectively optimized using a central-composite experimental design and response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions for maximum BS production yield (720.80 ± 55.90 mg/L) were: 0.5% (v/v) inoculum size, 15% (v/v) olive oil mill wastewater (OMWW) and 40°C incubation temperature at pH 6.0 for 8 days incubation period. Biochemical and structural characterization of S211 BS by chromatography and spectroscopy studies suggested the glycolipid nature of the BS. P. rhizophila rhamnolipid was stable over a wide range of temperature (40–90°C), pH (6–10), and salt concentration (up to 300 mM NaCl). Due to its low-cost production, emulsification activities and high performance in solubilization enhancement of chemical pesticides, the indigenous BS-producing PGPR S211 could be used as a promising agent for environmental bioremediation of pesticide-contaminated agricultural soils. PMID:29527191
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Children's Rights, "die Antipadagogen," and the Paternalism of John Stuart Mill.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Nordenbo, Sven Erik
1989-01-01
Examines how John Stuart Mill would have viewed present-day educational liberalists' claims that children should be included in Mill's principle of individual liberty. Concludes that educational liberalists cannot rightly claim Mill as spokesman for their views. (KO)
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Consuelo Brandeis; Zhimei Guo
2016-01-01
Pulp, paper, and paperboard mills consume close to 52 percent of southern roundwood, providing a  signiï¬cant market to southern forest landowners. Declining numbers of pulpwood-using mills and downward trends in mill  capacity, however, present a growing challenge to the southern forest sector. Shrinking mill  capacity affects rural communities that depend on mill...
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Crook and overlength in hardwood lumber:results from a 14-mill survey
Jan Wiedenbeck; John Brown; Neal Bennett
2003-01-01
Data on red oak lumber were collected at 14 furniture and cabinet industry rough mills to identify how crook and overlength are related to lumber grade and size from mill to mill. The amount of crook in a sample of dry, 4/4 thickness, red oak lumber was significantly influenced by lumber grade and length, supply region, and mill. There were no differences in crook...
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Jan Wiedenbeck; John Brown; Neal Bennett; Everette Rast
2003-01-01
Data on red oak lumber width, length, and grade were collected at 14 furniture and cabinet industry rough mills to identify relationships among these lumber attributes and the degree to which they differ from mill to mill. Also, this information is needed to formulate valid lumber size distributions that will improve the quality of theresults obtained in mill and...
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1. View facing east/southeast of main elevation of Dixie Cotton ...
1. View facing east/southeast of main elevation of Dixie Cotton Mill. The original 1895 mill structure has been considerably expanded and altered over the years. Note the hipped roof office structure (built c. 1913) in front of main mill building. Parking lot in foreground was formerly a recreation space for the mill village. - Dixie Cotton Mill, 710 Greenville Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA
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Rough mill simulator version 3.0: an analysis tool for refining rough mill operations
Edward Thomas; Joel Weiss
2006-01-01
ROMI-3 is a rough mill computer simulation package designed to be used by both rip-first and chop-first rough mill operators and researchers. ROMI-3 allows users to model and examine the complex relationships among cutting bill, lumber grade mix, processing options, and their impact on rough mill yield and efficiency. Integrated into the ROMI-3 software is a new least-...
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Ball Milling Assisted Solvent and Catalyst Free Synthesis of Benzimidazoles and Their Derivatives.
El-Sayed, Taghreed H; Aboelnaga, Asmaa; Hagar, Mohamed
2016-08-24
Benzoic acid and o-phenylenediamine efficiently reacted under the green solvent-free Ball Milling method. Several reaction parameters were investigated such as rotation frequency; milling balls weight and milling time. The optimum reaction condition was milling with 56.6 g weight of balls at 20 Hz frequency for one hour milling time. The study was extended for synthesis of a series of benzimidazol-2-one or benzimidazol-2-thione using different aldehydes; carboxylic acids; urea; thiourea or ammonium thiocyanate with o-phenylenediamine. Moreover; the alkylation of benzimidazolone or benzimidazolthione using ethyl chloroacetate was also studied.
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Parametric evaluation of ball milling of SiC in water
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Kiser, J. D.; Herbell, T. P.; Freedman, M. R.
1985-01-01
A statistically designed experiment was conducted to determine optimum conditions for ball milling alpha-SiC in water. The influence of pH adjustment, volume percent solids loading, and mill rotational speed on grinding effectiveness was examined. An equation defining the effect of those milling variables on specific surface area was obtained. The volume percent solids loading of the slurry had the greatest influence on the grinding effectiveness in terms of increase in specific surface area. As grinding effectiveness improved, mill and media wear also increased. Contamination was minimized by use of sintered alpha-SiC milling hardware.
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Particle size reduction of Si3N4 with Si3N4 milling hardware
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Herbell, T. P.; Freedman, M. R.; Kiser, J. D.
1986-01-01
The grinding of Si3N4 powder using reaction bonded Si3N4 attrition, vibratory, and ball mills with Si3N4 media was examined. The rate of particle size reduction and the change in the chemical composition of the powder were determined in order to compare the grinding efficiency and the increase in impurity content resulting from mill and media wear for each technique. Attrition and vibratory milling exhibited rates of specific surface area increase that were approximately eight times that observed in ball milling. Vibratory milling introduced the greatest impurity pickup.
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Hybrid ABC Optimized MARS-Based Modeling of the Milling Tool Wear from Milling Run Experimental Data
García Nieto, Paulino José; García-Gonzalo, Esperanza; Ordóñez Galán, Celestino; Bernardo Sánchez, Antonio
2016-01-01
Milling cutters are important cutting tools used in milling machines to perform milling operations, which are prone to wear and subsequent failure. In this paper, a practical new hybrid model to predict the milling tool wear in a regular cut, as well as entry cut and exit cut, of a milling tool is proposed. The model was based on the optimization tool termed artificial bee colony (ABC) in combination with multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) technique. This optimization mechanism involved the parameter setting in the MARS training procedure, which significantly influences the regression accuracy. Therefore, an ABC–MARS-based model was successfully used here to predict the milling tool flank wear (output variable) as a function of the following input variables: the time duration of experiment, depth of cut, feed, type of material, etc. Regression with optimal hyperparameters was performed and a determination coefficient of 0.94 was obtained. The ABC–MARS-based model's goodness of fit to experimental data confirmed the good performance of this model. This new model also allowed us to ascertain the most influential parameters on the milling tool flank wear with a view to proposing milling machine's improvements. Finally, conclusions of this study are exposed. PMID:28787882
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García Nieto, Paulino José; García-Gonzalo, Esperanza; Ordóñez Galán, Celestino; Bernardo Sánchez, Antonio
2016-01-28
Milling cutters are important cutting tools used in milling machines to perform milling operations, which are prone to wear and subsequent failure. In this paper, a practical new hybrid model to predict the milling tool wear in a regular cut, as well as entry cut and exit cut, of a milling tool is proposed. The model was based on the optimization tool termed artificial bee colony (ABC) in combination with multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) technique. This optimization mechanism involved the parameter setting in the MARS training procedure, which significantly influences the regression accuracy. Therefore, an ABC-MARS-based model was successfully used here to predict the milling tool flank wear (output variable) as a function of the following input variables: the time duration of experiment, depth of cut, feed, type of material, etc . Regression with optimal hyperparameters was performed and a determination coefficient of 0.94 was obtained. The ABC-MARS-based model's goodness of fit to experimental data confirmed the good performance of this model. This new model also allowed us to ascertain the most influential parameters on the milling tool flank wear with a view to proposing milling machine's improvements. Finally, conclusions of this study are exposed.
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Toozandehjani, Meysam; Matori, Khamirul Amin; Ostovan, Farhad; Abdul Aziz, Sidek; Mamat, Md Shuhazlly
2017-10-26
The effect of milling time on the morphology, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of pure Al-5 wt % Al₂O₃ (Al-5Al₂O₃) has been investigated. Al-5Al₂O₃ nanocomposites were fabricated using ball milling in a powder metallurgy route. The increase in the milling time resulted in the homogenous dispersion of 5 wt % Al₂O₃ nanoparticles, the reduction of particle clustering, and the reduction of distances between the composite particles. The significant grain refining during milling was revealed which showed as a reduction of particle size resulting from longer milling time. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanocomposite powders also showed that designated ball milling contributes to the crystalline refining and accumulation of internal stress due to induced severe plastic deformation of the particles. It can be argued that these morphological and microstructural variations of nanocomposite powders induced by designated ball milling time was found to contribute to an improvement in the density, densification, micro-hardness ( HV ), nano-hardness ( HN ), and Young's modulus ( E ) of Al-5Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. HV , HN , and E values of nanocomposites were increased by ~48%, 46%, and 40%, after 12 h of milling, respectively.
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Rhyu, Kee Hyung; Cho, Chang Hoon; Yoon, Kyung Sik; Chun, Young Soo
2016-12-01
To evaluate cellular activity in milled versus unmilled surface of the femoral head in 21 patients who underwent robot-assisted total hip arthroplasty(THA). The femoral head of 21 consecutive patients who underwent robot-assisted THA for osteonecrosis was used. 10 cc of trabecular bone from the entire milled surface was obtained using a curette. The same amount of trabecular bone was obtained at least 1 cm away from the milled surface and served as a matched control. Cell morphology, viability, osteocalcin activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity in milled versus unmilled surface were assessed. Cell morphology of the milled or unmilled surface was comparable; cells were smaller in the milled surface. Cell viability was a mean of 40% higher in the milled surface (107.4% vs. 67.2%, p<0.001); cell viability at 5 time points was comparable in each group. Osteocalcin activity of cells was slightly higher in the milled surface (1.43 vs. 1.24 ng/ml, p=0.69). Alkaline phosphatase activity of cells was slightly higher in the unmilled surface (150 105 vs. 141 789 U/L, p=0.078). The milled and unmilled surfaces of the femoral head were comparable in terms of cell morphology, viability, osteocalcin activity, and alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-13
... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-73,695] Woodland Mills Corporation, Mill Spring, NC; Notice of Affirmative Determination Regarding Application for Reconsideration By application dated July 22, 2010, petitioners requested administrative [[Page 49525
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View west along Lower Raceway, Van Houten Street, with (left ...
View west along Lower Raceway, Van Houten Street, with (left to right) Congdon Mill, Phoenix Mill, and Fabricolor Mill (a.k.a., Industry Mill, HAER No. NJ-15) - Great Falls/S. U. M. Power Canal System, Paterson, Passaic County, NJ
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11. STOVE NUT USED IN THE MILL WHEN THE BRAKE ...
11. STOVE NUT USED IN THE MILL WHEN THE BRAKE WHEEL DROVE ONE PAIR OF MILLSTONES DIRECTLY; FOUND ON THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE WINDMILL AT WATERMILL - Windmill at Water Mill, Montauk Highway & Halsey Lane, Water Mill, Suffolk County, NY
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VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST CORNER OF THE CRUSHING MILL LOOKING TOWARD ...
VIEW FROM SOUTHEAST CORNER OF THE CRUSHING MILL LOOKING TOWARD THE EAST WALL OF THE CRYSTALLIZER WING. FENESTRA WINDOWS IN CRUSHING MILL WALL. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST - Kekaha Sugar Company, Sugar Mill Building, 8315 Kekaha Road, Kekaha, Kauai County, HI
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Development of an electromechanical principle for wet and dry milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Halbedel, Bernd; Kazak, Oleg
2018-05-01
The paper presents a novel electromechanical principle for wet and dry milling of different materials, in which the milling beads are moved under a time- and local-variable magnetic field. A possibility to optimize the milling process in such a milling machine by simulation of the vector gradient distribution of the electromagnetic field in the process room is presented. The mathematical model and simulation methods based on standard software packages are worked out. The results of numerical simulations and experimental measurements of the electromagnetic field in the working chamber of a developed and manufactured laboratory plant correlate well with each other. Using the obtained operating parameters, dry milling experiments with crushed cement clinker and wet milling experiments of organic agents in the laboratory plant are performed and the results are discussed here.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Okamoto, Yuji; Harada, Yoshitomo; Ohta, Narumi; Takada, Kazunori; Sumiya, Masatomo
2016-09-01
We demonstrate that a SiO disproportionation reaction can be achieved simply by high energy mechanochemical milling. The planetary ball-milling of ZrO2 for a few minutes generated Si nano-crystals. Milling conditions including rotation speed, ball number, milling time, and type of ball material were able to control the oxidation states of Si. The ball-milled SiO powder was tested as an anode of a lithium battery. ZrO2 contamination from the vial and balls was eliminated by dipping the ball-milled SiO powder in (NH4)HSO4 molten salt and heating for 5 min. The disproportionated SiO powder showed characteristics comparable to those of a powder prepared by a conventional heating process taking several hours.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chater, R., E-mail: chatersamy@yahoo.fr; Bououdina, M., E-mail: mboudina@gmail.com; Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, PO Box 32038, Kingdom of Bahrain
2013-05-01
Nanocrystalline Fe{sub 1–x–y}Ni xCr y (x=20, y=10% in Wt)) alloy samples were prepared by mechanical alloying process. Fe, Ni and Cr elemental powders have been ball milled in a planetary mill for various periods of time, up to 27 h. XRD analysis allowed the determination of the structure of the mixture, the average crystallite size and the lattice parameter as a function of milling time. The complete formation of FeNiCr is observed after 27 h milling. With increasing milling time from 0 to 27 h, it is observed that the lattice parameter increases from 0.3515 to 0.3593 nm as wellmore » as an increase of microstrain from 0.15 to 0.40%, whereas the grain size decreases from 48 to 13 nm. Grain morphology of the powders at different formation stages was examined using SEM. Saturation magnetization and coercive fields derived from the hysteresis curves are discussed as a function of milling time. - Graphical abstract: Fe₇₀Ni₂₀Cr₁₀ nanopowders were prepared using a planetary ball mill. The structure and microstructure vary with milling time; thereby important modifications of the magnetic properties were observed and discussed. Highlights: • Nanocrystalline Fe₇₀Ni₂₀Cr₁₀ alloy were prepared by the mechanical alloying process. • The complete formation of Fe₇₀Ni₂₀Cr₁₀ is observed after 24 h milling. • With increasing milling time, the grain size decreases, while the strain increases. • The SEM images allowed following the morphology of the materials at different stages. • M s and H C derived from the hysteresis are discussed as a function of milling time.« less
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Flows of mill residues to pulp and board manufacturers, Washington, Oregon, and California, 1968.
Grover A. Choate
1972-01-01
Twelve million tons of residues from lumber and veneer and plywood mills went to pulp and board use in 1968; nearly 88 percent went to domestic mills and most of the remainder to overseas export. Of the 10.3 million tons that went to domestic mills, 83 percent went to pulpmills (average distance 82 miles) and 17 percent to board mills (30 miles); 74 percent was shipped...
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23. VIEW OF EAST END OF MILL. THE FOUR GENERAL ...
23. VIEW OF EAST END OF MILL. THE FOUR GENERAL LEVELS OF THE MILL ARE SHOWN STEPPING DOWN THE HILLSIDE FROM SOUTH TO NORTH. THE 100-TON STEEL ORE BIN AND STEPHENS-ADAMSON 15TON INCLINED BUCKET ELEVATOR ARE ON THE CRUSHING LEVEL AT RIGHT. FROM LEFT TO RIGHT THE OTHER LEVELS ARE MILLING, LEACHING AND PRECIPITATION. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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9. VIEW OF 'BLUE STREAK' HAMMER MILL (Prater Pulverizer Co., ...
9. VIEW OF 'BLUE STREAK' HAMMER MILL (Prater Pulverizer Co., Chicago, Illinois), LOCATED IN THE SOUTHEAST CORNER OF THE BASEMENT, WAS ADDED IN THE EARLY 1930s. THIS WAS THE MILL'S FIRST ELECTRIC-POWERED MACHINERY. THE HAMMER MILL WAS USED TO PULVERIZE OATS, ALFALFA MEAL, AND CORN. Photographer: Louise Taft Cawood, July 1986 - Alexander's Grist Mill, Lock 37 on Ohio & Erie Canal, South of Cleveland, Valley View, Cuyahoga County, OH
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-12
... Corporation, Containerboard Mill, Including On-Site Leased Workers From KMW Enterprises, Ontonagon, MI... to workers of Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Containerboard Mill, Ontonagon, Michigan. The... Ontonagon, Michigan location of Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Containerboard Mill. The Department has...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-15
... Company, Pineville Mill Industrial Packaging Group; Pineville, LA; Notice of Negative Determination on..., Pineville Mill, Industrial Packaging Group, Pineville, Louisiana (subject facility). The Department's Notice... Company, Pineville Mill, Industrial Packaging Group, Pineville, Louisiana. Signed in Washington, DC, on...
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General View of Kinckley Knitting Mill site, east end of ...
General View of Kinckley Knitting Mill site, east end of site along Wister Street, looking north, showing ruin of stone mill building and smoke stack of the Germantown Dyeworks in background - Hinckley Knitting Mills, 21-35 East Wister Street, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA
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17. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Boiling House, 1878. View: ...
17. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Boiling House, 1878. View: Southwest corner of boiling house. The amimal-powered cane mill is located in the undergrowth in the right foreground, - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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Naftz, David L.; Ranalli, Anthony J.; Rowland, Ryan C.; Marston, Thomas M.
2011-01-01
In 2007, the Ute Mountain Ute Tribe requested that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and U.S. Geological Survey conduct an independent evaluation of potential offsite migration of radionuclides and selected trace elements associated with the ore storage and milling process at an active uranium mill site near White Mesa, Utah. Specific objectives of this study were (1) to determine recharge sources and residence times of groundwater surrounding the mill site, (2) to determine the current concentrations of uranium and associated trace elements in groundwater surrounding the mill site, (3) to differentiate natural and anthropogenic contaminant sources to groundwater resources surrounding the mill site, (4) to assess the solubility and potential for offsite transport of uranium-bearing minerals in groundwater surrounding the mill site, and (5) to use stream sediment and plant material samples from areas surrounding the mill site to identify potential areas of offsite contamination and likely contaminant sources.
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Improved oral bioavailability of probucol by dry media-milling.
Li, Jia; Yang, Yan; Zhao, Meihui; Xu, Hui; Ma, Junyuan; Wang, Shaoning
2017-09-01
The polymer/probucol co-milled mixtures were prepared to improve drug dissolution rate and oral bioavailability. Probucol, a BCS II drug, was co-milled together with Copovidone (Kollidon VA64, VA64), Soluplus, or MCC using the dry media-milling process with planetary ball-milling equipment. The properties of the milled mixtures including morphology, crystal form, vitro drug dissolution and in vivo oral bioavailability in rats were evaluated. Probucol existed as an amorphous in the matrix of the co-milled mixtures containing VA64, which helped to enhance drug dissolution. The ternary mixture composed of VA64, RH40, and probucol showed increased dissolution rates in both sink and non-sink conditions. It also had a higher oral bioavailability compared to the reference formulation. Dry-media milling of binary or ternary mixtures composed of drug, polymer and surfactant possibly have wide applications to improve dissolution rate and oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Matras, A.; Kowalczyk, R.
2014-11-01
The analysis results of machining accuracy after the free form surface milling simulations (based on machining EN AW- 7075 alloys) for different machining strategies (Level Z, Radial, Square, Circular) are presented in the work. Particular milling simulations were performed using CAD/CAM Esprit software. The accuracy of obtained allowance is defined as a difference between the theoretical surface of work piece element (the surface designed in CAD software) and the machined surface after a milling simulation. The difference between two surfaces describes a value of roughness, which is as the result of tool shape mapping on the machined surface. Accuracy of the left allowance notifies in direct way a surface quality after the finish machining. Described methodology of usage CAD/CAM software can to let improve a time design of machining process for a free form surface milling by a 5-axis CNC milling machine with omitting to perform the item on a milling machine in order to measure the machining accuracy for the selected strategies and cutting data.
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Hajeb, Parvaneh; Herrmann, Susan S; Poulsen, Mette E
2017-07-19
The guidance document SANTE 11945/2015 recommends that cereal samples be milled to a particle size preferably smaller than 1.0 mm and that extensive heating of the samples should be avoided. The aim of the present study was therefore to investigate the differences in milling procedures, obtained particle size distributions, and the resulting pesticide residue recovery when cereal samples were milled at the European Union National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) with their routine milling procedures. A total of 23 NRLs participated in the study. The oat and rye samples milled by each NRL were sent to the European Union Reference Laboratory on Cereals and Feedingstuff (EURL) for the determination of the particle size distribution and pesticide residue recovery. The results showed that the NRLs used several different brands and types of mills. Large variations in the particle size distributions and pesticide extraction efficiencies were observed even between samples milled by the same type of mill.
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Enzymatic corn wet milling: engineering process and cost model
Ramírez, Edna C; Johnston, David B; McAloon, Andrew J; Singh, Vijay
2009-01-01
Background Enzymatic corn wet milling (E-milling) is a process derived from conventional wet milling for the recovery and purification of starch and co-products using proteases to eliminate the need for sulfites and decrease the steeping time. In 2006, the total starch production in USA by conventional wet milling equaled 23 billion kilograms, including modified starches and starches used for sweeteners and ethanol production [1]. Process engineering and cost models for an E-milling process have been developed for a processing plant with a capacity of 2.54 million kg of corn per day (100,000 bu/day). These models are based on the previously published models for a traditional wet milling plant with the same capacity. The E-milling process includes grain cleaning, pretreatment, enzymatic treatment, germ separation and recovery, fiber separation and recovery, gluten separation and recovery and starch separation. Information for the development of the conventional models was obtained from a variety of technical sources including commercial wet milling companies, industry experts and equipment suppliers. Additional information for the present models was obtained from our own experience with the development of the E-milling process and trials in the laboratory and at the pilot plant scale. The models were developed using process and cost simulation software (SuperPro Designer®) and include processing information such as composition and flow rates of the various process streams, descriptions of the various unit operations and detailed breakdowns of the operating and capital cost of the facility. Results Based on the information from the model, we can estimate the cost of production per kilogram of starch using the input prices for corn, enzyme and other wet milling co-products. The work presented here describes the E-milling process and compares the process, the operation and costs with the conventional process. Conclusion The E-milling process was found to be cost competitive with the conventional process during periods of high corn feedstock costs since the enzymatic process enhances the yields of the products in a corn wet milling process. This model is available upon request from the authors for educational, research and non-commercial uses. PMID:19154623
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Particle-size reduction of Si3N4 powder with Si3N4 milling hardware
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Herbell, T. P.; Freedman, M. R.; Kiser, J. D.
1986-01-01
The grinding of Si3N4 powder using reaction bonded Si3N4 attrition, vibratory, and ball mills with Si3N4 media was examined. The rate of particle size reduction and the change in the chemical composition of the powder were determined in order to compare the grinding efficiency and the increase in impurity content resulting from mill and media wear for each technique. Attrition and vibratory milling exhibited rates of specific surface area increase that were approximately eight times that observed in ball milling. Vibratory milling introduced the greatest impurity pickup.
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Effect of milling time on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Ni-graphite composites
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Yiran; Gao, Yimin; Li, Yefei; Zhang, Chao; Huang, Xiaoyu; Zhai, Wenyan
2017-09-01
Cu-Ni-graphite composites are intended for application in switch slide baseplate materials. The microstructure of the composites depends strongly on the ball milling time, and a suitable time can significantly improve the properties of the Cu-Ni-graphite composites. In this study, a two-step milling method was employed. The morphology evolution and microstructural features of the powder was characterized at different milling times. Afterwards, the Cu-Ni-graphite composites were prepared in the process of cold pressing, sintering, re-pressing and re-sintering as a function of the different milling times. Finally, both the microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cu-Ni-graphite composites are discussed. The results show that no new phase was generated during the milling process. The morphology evolution of the mixture of Cu/Ni powder changed from spherical-like to cubic-like, plate-like and flake-like with an increasing milling time. The microstructure of the composites consisted of α-phase and graphite. The boundary area and quantity of pores changed as the milling time increased. The relative density, hardness and flexural strength reached maximum values at 15 h of milling time.
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Martins, Rui C; Ferreira, Ana M; Gando-Ferreira, Licínio M; Quinta-Ferreira, Rosa M
2015-10-01
With the objective of reaching suitable techniques for olive mill wastewater treatment, ozonation and ultrafiltration were studied individually and combined. A continuous reactor was run for the treatment of a phenolic mixture mimicking an actual olive mill wastewater (OMW) by ozonation. The effect of the main operating parameters was analysed (pH, liquid flow rate and ozone inlet concentration). The increase of pH and ozone dose improved ozonation efficiency. As expected, the highest residence time led to higher steady-state degradation (35 % of chemical oxygen demand (COD) abatement). Even if the rise on ozone inlet gas concentration was able to remove COD in a higher extent, it should be taken into consideration that with the lowest oxidant load (15 g O3/m(3)), the maximum steady-state biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5)/COD ratio was reached which would reduce the process costs. These operating conditions (pH 9, 1 mL/min of liquid flow rate and 15 g O3/m(3)) were applied to an actual OMW leading to 80 % of phenolic content abatement and 12 % of COD removal at the steady state. Regarding ultrafiltration, it was concluded that the best total phenolic content (TPh) and COD abatement results (55 and 15 %) are attained for pH 9 and using a transmembrane pressure drop of 1 bar. Among the integration schemes that were tested, ultrafiltration followed by ozonation was able to reach 93 and 20 % of TPh and COD depletion, respectively. Moreover, this sequence led to an effluent with a BOD5/COD ratio of about 0.55 which means that it likely can be posteriorly refined in a municipal wastewater treatment plant.
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2. View of sugar mill ruins looking N showing chimney ...
2. View of sugar mill ruins looking N showing chimney at left and masonry base of steam engine and cane mill at right. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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VIEW OF SUGAR MILL RUINS LOOKING NORTH SHOWING CHIMNEY AT ...
VIEW OF SUGAR MILL RUINS LOOKING NORTH SHOWING CHIMNEY AT LEFT AND MASONRY BASE OF STEAM ENGINE AND CANE MILL AT RIGHT - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-10
... Corporation, Containerboard Mill, Including On-Site Leased Workers From KMW Enterprises and General Security... Assistance on May 6, 2010, applicable to workers of Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Containerboard Mill... Ontonagon, Michigan location of Smurfit-Stone Container Corporation, Containerboard Mill, Ontonagon...
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DETAIL VIEW OF BALL MILL FEED SYSTEM, MOUTH OF CLASSIFIER, ...
DETAIL VIEW OF BALL MILL FEED SYSTEM, MOUTH OF CLASSIFIER, AND ORE BIN CHUTE, LOOKING EAST NORTHEAST. CRUSHED ORE FROM THE SECONDARY ORE BIN WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE FEED TROUGH VIA A CHUTE. AS THE BALL MILL TURNED, THE ROUND SCOOP ALSO TURNED IN THE TROUGH TO CHANNEL ORE INTO THE BALL MILL. SEE CA-292-14 FOR IDENTICAL B&W NEGATIVE. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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DETAIL VIEW OF BALL MILL FEED SYSTEM, MOUTH OF CLASSIFIER, ...
DETAIL VIEW OF BALL MILL FEED SYSTEM, MOUTH OF CLASSIFIER, AND ORE BIN CHUTE, LOOKING EAST NORTHEAST. CRUSHED ORE FROM THE SECONDARY ORE BIN WAS INTRODUCED INTO THE FEED TROUGH VIA A CHUTE. AS THE BALL MILL TURNED, THE ROUND SCOOP ALSO TURNED IN THE TROUGH TO CHANNEL ORE INTO THE BALL MILL. SEE CA-292-20 (CT) FOR IDENTICAL COLOR TRANSPARENCY. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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Matori, Khamirul Amin; Ostovan, Farhad; Abdul Aziz, Sidek; Mamat, Md Shuhazlly
2017-01-01
The effect of milling time on the morphology, microstructure, physical and mechanical properties of pure Al-5 wt % Al2O3 (Al-5Al2O3) has been investigated. Al-5Al2O3 nanocomposites were fabricated using ball milling in a powder metallurgy route. The increase in the milling time resulted in the homogenous dispersion of 5 wt % Al2O3 nanoparticles, the reduction of particle clustering, and the reduction of distances between the composite particles. The significant grain refining during milling was revealed which showed as a reduction of particle size resulting from longer milling time. X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the nanocomposite powders also showed that designated ball milling contributes to the crystalline refining and accumulation of internal stress due to induced severe plastic deformation of the particles. It can be argued that these morphological and microstructural variations of nanocomposite powders induced by designated ball milling time was found to contribute to an improvement in the density, densification, micro-hardness (HV), nano-hardness (HN), and Young’s modulus (E) of Al-5Al2O3 nanocomposites. HV, HN, and E values of nanocomposites were increased by ~48%, 46%, and 40%, after 12 h of milling, respectively. PMID:29072632
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Taghvaei, Amir Hossein, E-mail: Amirtaghvaei@gmail.com; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz; Stoica, Mihai
2014-06-01
The influence of ball milling on the atomic structure and magnetic properties of the Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 22}Ta{sub 8}B{sub 30} metallic glass with a high thermal stability and excellent soft magnetic properties has been investigated. After 14 h of milling, the obtained powders were found to consist mainly of an amorphous phase and a small fraction of the (Co,Fe){sub 21}Ta{sub 2}B{sub 6} nanocrystals. The changes in the reduced pair correlation functions suggest noticeable changes in the atomic structure of the amorphous upon ball milling. Furthermore, it has been shown that milling is accompanied by introduction of compressive and dilatational sites inmore » the glassy phase and increasing the fluctuation of the atomic-level hydrostatic stress without affecting the coordination number of the nearest neighbors. Ball milling has decreased the thermal stability and significantly affected the magnetic properties through increasing the saturation magnetization, Curie temperature of the amorphous phase and coercivity. - Highlights: • Ball milling affected the atomic structure of Co{sub 40}Fe{sub 22}Ta{sub 8}B{sub 30} metallic glass. • Mechanically-induced crystallization started after 4 h milling. • Milling increased the fluctuation of the atomic-level hydrostatic stress in glass. • Ball milling influenced the thermal stability and magnetic properties.« less
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Ball milling pretreatment of corn stover for enhancing the efficiency of enzymatic hydrolysis.
Lin, Zengxiang; Huang, He; Zhang, Hongman; Zhang, Lin; Yan, Lishi; Chen, Jingwen
2010-11-01
Ethanol can be produced from lignocellulosic biomass with the usage of ball milling pretreatment followed by enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation. The sugar yields from lignocellulosic feed stocks are critical parameters for ethanol production process. The research results from this paper indicated that the yields of glucose and xylose were improved by adding any of the following dilute chemical reagents: H(2)SO(4), HCl, HNO(3), CH(3)COOH, HCOOH, H(3)PO(4), and NaOH, KOH, Ca(OH)(2), NH(3)·H(2)O in the ball milling pretreatment of corn stover. The optimal enzymatic hydrolysis efficiencies were obtained under the conditions of ball milling in the alkali medium that was due to delignification. The data also demonstrated that ball milling pretreatment was a robust process. From the microscope image of ball milling-pretreated corn stover, it could be observed that the particle size of material was decreased and the fiber structure was more loosely organized. Meanwhile, the results indicate that the treatment effect of wet milling is better than that of dry milling. The optimum parameters for the milling process were ball speed of 350 r/min, solid/liquid ratio of 1:10, raw material particle size with 0.5 mm, and number of balls of 20 (steel ball, Φ = 10 mm), grinding for 30 min. In comparison with water milling process, alkaline milling treatment could increase the enzymatic hydrolysis efficiency of corn stover by 110%; and through the digestion process with the combination of xylanase and cellulase mixture, the hydrolysis efficiency could increase by 160%.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Van Hoten, Hendri; Gunawarman; Mulyadi, Ismet Hari; Kurniawan Mainil, Afdhal; Putra, Bismantoloa dan
2018-02-01
This research is about manufacture nanopowder Bioceramics from local materials used Ball Milling for biomedical applications. Source materials for the manufacture of medicines are plants, animal tissues, microbial structures and engineering biomaterial. The form of raw material medicines is a powder before mixed. In the case of medicines, research is to find sources of biomedical materials that will be in the nanoscale powders can be used as raw material for medicine. One of the biomedical materials that can be used as raw material for medicine is of the type of bioceramics is chicken eggshells. This research will develop methods for manufacture nanopowder material from chicken eggshells with Ball Milling using the Taguchi method and ANOVA. Eggshell milled using a variation of Milling rate on 150, 200 and 250 rpm, the time variation of 1, 2 and 3 hours and variations the grinding balls to eggshell powder weight ratio (BPR) 1: 6, 1: 8, 1: 10. Before milled with Ball Milling crushed eggshells in advance and calcinate to a temperature of 900°C. After the milled material characterization of the fine powder of eggshell using SEM to see its size. The result of this research is optimum parameter of Taguchi Design analysis that is 250 rpm milling rate, 3 hours milling time and BPR is 1: 6 with the average eggshell powder size is 1.305 μm. Milling speed, milling time and ball to powder weight of ratio have contribution successively equal to 60.82%, 30.76% and 6.64% by error equal to 1.78%.
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40 CFR 406.20 - Applicability; description of the corn dry milling subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the corn dry milling subcategory. 406.20 Section 406.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Corn Dry Milling...
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77 FR 58120 - Inman Mills; Notice of Authorization for Continued Project Operation
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-19
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 4362-000] Inman Mills... for a subsequent license was August 31, 2010. Inman Mills, the licensee for Project No. 4362, did not... the license from Inman Mills to Riverdale Development Venture, LLC. 115 FERC ] 62,076 (2006). However...
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40 CFR 429.120 - Applicability; description of the sawmills and planing mills subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... sawmills and planing mills subcategory. 429.120 Section 429.120 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Sawmills and Planing Mills Subcategory § 429.120 Applicability; description of the sawmills and planing mills subcategory. This subpart applies to discharges to waters of the United States and to the...
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21 CFR 515.11 - Supplemental medicated feed mill license applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Supplemental medicated feed mill license... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Applications § 515.11 Supplemental medicated feed mill license applications. (a) After approval of a medicated feed...
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40 CFR 406.10 - Applicability; description of the corn wet milling subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the corn wet milling subcategory. 406.10 Section 406.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Corn Wet Milling...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-12
... Company, Franklin Pulp & Paper Mill, Including On-Site Leased Workers From Railserve, Franklin, VA..., applicable to workers and former workers of International Paper Company, Franklin Pulp & Paper Mill, Franklin... follows: All workers International Paper Company, Franklin Pulp & Paper Mill, including on-site leased...
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21 CFR 515.23 - Voluntary revocation of medicated feed mill license.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Voluntary revocation of medicated feed mill... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.23 Voluntary revocation of medicated feed mill license. A license issued under...
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2. VIEW OF LOWER MILL FLOOR FOUNDATION, SHOWING, LEFT TO ...
2. VIEW OF LOWER MILL FLOOR FOUNDATION, SHOWING, LEFT TO RIGHT, EDGE OF MILLING FLOOR, TABLE FLOOR, VANNING FLOOR, LOADING LEVEL, TAILINGS POND IN RIGHT BACKGROUND. VIEW IS LOOKING FROM THE NORTHWEST - Mountain King Gold Mine & Mill, 4.3 Air miles Northwest of Copperopolis, Copperopolis, Calaveras County, CA
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40 CFR 61.142 - Standard for asbestos mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standard for asbestos mills. 61.142... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Asbestos § 61.142 Standard for asbestos mills. (a) Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either...
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40 CFR 61.142 - Standard for asbestos mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard for asbestos mills. 61.142... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Asbestos § 61.142 Standard for asbestos mills. (a) Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either...
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40 CFR 61.142 - Standard for asbestos mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard for asbestos mills. 61.142... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Asbestos § 61.142 Standard for asbestos mills. (a) Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either...
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40 CFR 61.142 - Standard for asbestos mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard for asbestos mills. 61.142... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Asbestos § 61.142 Standard for asbestos mills. (a) Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either...
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40 CFR 61.142 - Standard for asbestos mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for asbestos mills. 61.142... (CONTINUED) NATIONAL EMISSION STANDARDS FOR HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS National Emission Standard for Asbestos § 61.142 Standard for asbestos mills. (a) Each owner or operator of an asbestos mill shall either...
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1. LOOKING DOWNSTREAM (NORTHEAST) ALONG WINTER'S RUN TOWARD THE MITCHELL'S ...
1. LOOKING DOWNSTREAM (NORTHEAST) ALONG WINTER'S RUN TOWARD THE MITCHELL'S MILL BRIDGE, SHOWING THE SETTING OF THE BRIDGE. CARRS MILL ROAD APPROACHES THE BRIDGE FROM THE SOUTH, ON THE RIGHT. - Mitchell's Mill Bridge, Spanning Winter's Run on Carrs Mill Road, west of Bel Air, Bel Air, Harford County, MD
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40 CFR 63.747 - Standards: Chemical milling maskant application operations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 11 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standards: Chemical milling maskant... Standards: Chemical milling maskant application operations. (a) Each owner or operator of a new or existing chemical milling maskant operation subject to this subpart shall comply with the requirements specified in...
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7 CFR 868.315 - Special grades and special grade requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Special....314. Such special grades for milled rice are established and determined as follows: (a) Coated milled rice. Coated milled rice shall be rice which is coated, in whole or in part, with substances that are...
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7 CFR 868.315 - Special grades and special grade requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Special....314. Such special grades for milled rice are established and determined as follows: (a) Coated milled rice. Coated milled rice shall be rice which is coated, in whole or in part, with substances that are...
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40 CFR 406.20 - Applicability; description of the corn dry milling subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the corn... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Corn Dry Milling Subcategory § 406.20 Applicability; description of the corn dry milling subcategory. (a) The provisions of...
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40 CFR 406.10 - Applicability; description of the corn wet milling subcategory.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the corn... AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Corn Wet Milling Subcategory § 406.10 Applicability; description of the corn wet milling subcategory. The provisions of this...
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1. Front view of steam engine and mill, looking NE, ...
1. Front view of steam engine and mill, looking NE, showing (l to r) 6-column beam engine, flywheel, reduction gears and 3-roll cane mill. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Steam Engine & Mill, 2.65 Mi. N of PR Rt. 2 Bridge over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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27. VIEW OF CENTRAL SECTION OF MILL FROM NORTHEAST. LEVELS ...
27. VIEW OF CENTRAL SECTION OF MILL FROM NORTHEAST. LEVELS OF MILL VISIBLE IN ROOF LINES INCLUDE CRUSHED OXIDIZED ORE BIN (OPEN FRAMING, TOP CENTER), MILLING FLOOR (FIRST ROOF DOWN FROM ORE BIN), LEACHING/OLD SAND TANK LEVEL (SHALLOWER SECOND ROOF DOWN), GOLD TANK/AGITATOR LEVEL (CENTER), AND PRECIPITATION LEVEL WITH SUMP LEVEL BELOW (LOWER RIGHT). ROOF BREAKS ALLOWED FOR CLERESTORY WINDOWS WHICH ILLUMINATED THE INTERIORS, ALONG WITH DORMERS. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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Chemical reactions of metal powders with organic and inorganic liquids during ball milling
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Arias, A.
1975-01-01
Chromium and/or nickel powders were milled in metal chlorides and in organic liquids representative of various functional groups. The powders always reacted with the liquid and became contaminated with elements from them. The milled powders had specific surface areas ranging from 0.14 to 37 sq m/g, and the total contamination with elements from the milling liquid ranged from 0.01 to 56 weight percent. Compounds resulting from substitution, addition, or elimination reactions formed in or from the milling liquid.
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24. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ...
24. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ON LEFT WITH ELEVATOR/CRUSHED ORE BIN TOWER TO RIGHT. MAIN MILL BUILDING IN CENTER WITH THICKENER ADDITION TO RIGHT. MACHINE SHOP ON CRUDE ORE BIN TERRACE ABOVE ROASTER. THE LOCATION OF THE 100,000 GALLON MILL WATER TANK CAN BE SEEN AT THE CENTER RIGHT NEAR THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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165. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ...
165. VIEW OF MILL FROM UPPER TAILINGS POND (NORTH). ROASTER ON LEFT WITH ELEVATOR/CRUSHED ORE BIN TOWER TO RIGHT. MAIN MILL BUILDING IN CENTER WITH THICKENER ADDITION TO RIGHT. MACHINE SHOP ON CRUDE ORE BIN TERRACE ABOVE ROASTER. THE LOCATION OF THE 100,000 GALLON MILL WATER TANK CAN BE SEEN AT THE CENTER RIGHT NEAR THE TOP OF THE MOUNTAIN - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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Decontamination effect of milling by a jet mill on bacteria in rice flour.
Sotome, Itaru; Nei, Daisuke; Tsuda, Masuko; Mohammed, Sharif Hossen; Takenaka, Makiko; Okadome, Hiroshi; Isobe, Seiichiro
2011-06-01
The decontamination effect of milling by a jet mill was investigated by counting the number of bacteria in brown and white rice flour with mean particle diameters of 3, 20, and 40µm prepared by the jet mill. In the jet mill, the particles are crushed and reduced in size by the mechanical impact caused by their collision. Although the brown and white rice grains were contaminated with approximately 10(6) and 10(5) CFU/g bacteria, the microbial load of the rice flour decreased as the mean particle diameter decreased, ultimately decreasing to approximately 104 and 103 CFU/g in the brown and white rice flour. The temperature and pressure changes of the sample were not considered to have an effect on reducing the bacterial count during the milling. Hence, it was thought that the rice flour was decontaminated by other effects.
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Effects of Ultrasonics-Assisted Face Milling on Surface Integrity and Fatigue Life of Ni-Alloy 718
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Suárez, Alfredo; Veiga, Fernando; de Lacalle, Luis N. López; Polvorosa, Roberto; Lutze, Steffen; Wretland, Anders
2016-11-01
This work investigates the effects of ultrasonic vibration-assisted milling on important aspects such us material surface integrity, tool wear, cutting forces and fatigue resistance. As an alternative to natural application of ultrasonic milling in brittle materials, in this study, ultrasonics have been applied to a difficult-to-cut material, Alloy 718, very common in high-temperature applications. Results show alterations in the sub-superficial part of the material which could influence fatigue resistance of the material, as it has been observed in a fatigue test campaign of specimens obtained with the application of ultrasonic milling in comparison with another batch obtained applying conventional milling. Tool wear pattern was found to be very similar for both milling technologies, concluding the study with the analysis of cutting forces, exhibiting certain improvement in case of the application of ultrasonic milling with a more stable evolution.
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Peculiarities of binding composition production in vortex jet mill
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zagorodnyuk, L. Kh; Lesovik, V. S.; Sumskoy, D. A.; Elistratkin, M. Yu; Makhortov, D. S.
2018-03-01
The article investigates the disintegration of perlite production waste in a vortex jet mill; the regularities of milling were established. Binding compositions were obtained at different ratios of cement vs. perlite sand production waste in the vortex jet mill in various milling regimes. The peculiarities of milling processes were studied, and technological and physicomechanical properties of the binding compositions were determined as well. The microstructure of the cement stones made of activated Portland cement and binding compositions in the vortex jet mill was elucidated by electron microscopy. The open pores of the cement-binding compositions prepared using perlite fillers were found to be filled by newgrowths at different stages of collective growth. The microstructure of the binding compositions is dense due to rationally proportioned composition, effective mineral filler— perlite waste — that creates additional substrates for internal composite microstructure formation, mechanochemical activation of raw mixture, which allows obtaining composites with required properties.
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Decreasing reliance on mineral nitrogen--yet more food.
Roy, Rabindra N; Misra, Ram V; Montanez, Adriana
2002-03-01
Higher crop production normally demands higher nutrient application rates and consequently increased mineral nitrogen use. With food demand for 2030 estimated around 2800 mill. tonnes (t) yr-1, the corresponding mineral N consumption figure is 96 mill. t (78 mill. t yr-1 in 1995/1997). Global-level mineral N losses to the environment from mineral fertilizer use are currently 36 mill. t yr-1, worth USD 11,700 mill. and with adverse environmental impacts. However, innovative fertilizer-use efficiency (FUE) technologies enable increased production with a less than a proportionate increase in mineral-N use. Moreover, nitrogen-nutrient supplies can be augmented through improvements in agricultural production systems and in the exploitation of alternative sources such as biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). By 2030, with adequate policy, technology transfer, research and investment support, the on-farm adoption of BNF and FUE technologies could generate savings of 10 mill. t yr-1 of mineral N, worth USD 3300 mill.
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VIEW OF PARTIALLY EXCAVATED MILL RUINS LOOKING NORTHWEST SHOWING UNIDENTIFIED ...
VIEW OF PARTIALLY EXCAVATED MILL RUINS LOOKING NORTHWEST SHOWING UNIDENTIFIED PIT IN RIGHT FOREGROUND, MASONRY BASE FOR STEAM ENGINE AND CANE MILL IN LEFT CENTER, PURGING HOUSE AND CHIMNEY IN BACKGROUND - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-23
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13526-002] Bowersock Mills... License. b. Project No.: 13526-002. c. Date Filed: February 8, 2010. d. Applicant: Bowersock Mills Power Company (Bowersock). e. Name of Project: Bowersock Mills and Power Company Expanded Kansas River...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-10
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13631-000] Main Mill Street..., Motions To Intervene, and Competing Applications March 1, 2010. On November 16, Main Mill Street Investments, LLC (Main Mill Street Investments) filed an application for a preliminary permit, pursuant to...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-20
...; Oregon; Mill Creek; Allotment Management Plans EIS AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of intent... allotments on the Lookout Mountain Ranger District. These four allotments are: Cox, Craig, Mill Creek, and..., Mill Creek and Old Dry Creek allotments. The responsible official will also decide how to mitigate...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-24
...-Calhoun Mine and Mill Site, Leadpoint, WA AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). ACTION: Notice...-Calhoun Mine and Mill Site in Leadpoint, Washington, with settling party Blue Tee Corporation. The... Anderson-Calhoun Mine and Mill Site in Leadpoint, Washington, EPA Docket No. CERCLA-10-2010-0105 and should...
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40 CFR 180.521 - Fumigants for grain-mill machinery; tolerances for residues.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fumigants for grain-mill machinery... Tolerances § 180.521 Fumigants for grain-mill machinery; tolerances for residues. (a) General. Fumigants may be safely used in or on grain-mill machinery in accordance with the following prescribed conditions...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-05
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 5044-015] Avondale Mills... and Motions To Intervene September 24, 2010. On September 13, 2010, Avondale Mills Inc. (transferor... Mill Project No. 5044, located on the Augusta Canal in the City of Augusta, Richmond County, Georgia...
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78 FR 13479 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-28
...-AA09 Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT AGENCY: Coast... regulations that govern the operation of three bridges across the Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers at New Haven...) entitled ``Drawbridge Operation Regulations New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers,'' in the Federal...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-24
... Mills, LLC; Notice of Final Land Management Plan and Soliciting Comments, Motions To Intervene, and...: Wausau Paper Mills, LLC. e. Name of Project: Rhinelander Hydroelectric Project. f. Location: The upper.... Applicant Contact: Mr. Tim Hasbargen, Wausau Paper Mills, LLC, 515 Davenport St., Rhinelander, Wisconsin...
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21 CFR 515.21 - Refusal to approve a medicated feed mill license application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Refusal to approve a medicated feed mill license... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.21 Refusal to approve a medicated feed mill license application. (a) The...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-19
... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-71,321] Auburn Hosiery Mills, Inc... Auburn Hosiery Mills, Inc., including on-site leased workers from Quality Personnel, Auburn, Kentucky... related to apparel. Information shows that Auburn Hosiery Mills was merged into its parent company, Delta...
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21 CFR 515.20 - Approval of medicated feed mill license applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Approval of medicated feed mill license... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.20 Approval of medicated feed mill license applications. Within 90 days after an...
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33 CFR 117.213 - New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Mill Rivers. 117.213 Section 117.213 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers. The draws of the Tomlinson bridge, mile 0.0, the Ferry Street... bridge, mile 0.4 across Mill River, shall operate as follows: (a) The draws shall open on signal; except...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-12
... Company Franklin Pulp & Paper Mill Including On-Site Leased Workers From Railserve, Franklin, VA; Amended... workers of International Paper Company, Franklin Pulp & Paper Mill, Franklin, Virginia. The notice was... Pulp & Paper Mill. The Department has determined that these workers were sufficiently under the control...
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43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...
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43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...
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43 CFR 3832.34 - How may I use my mill site?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS MANAGEMENT (3000) LOCATING MINING CLAIMS OR SITES Mill Sites... plants and substations; (3) Tailings ponds and leach pads; (4) Rock and soil dumps; (5) Water and process... independent mill sites for processing metallic minerals from lode claims using: (1) Quartz or stamp mills; or...
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40 CFR 63.1343 - Standards for kilns and in-line kiln/raw mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
.../raw mills. 63.1343 Section 63.1343 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Industry Emission Standards and Operating Limits § 63.1343 Standards for kilns and in-line kiln/raw mills. (a) General. The provisions in this section apply to each kiln, each in-line kiln/raw mill, and any...
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77 FR 34938 - Certain Tin Mill Products From Japan: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-12
... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-854] Certain Tin Mill Products... duty order on certain tin mill products from Japan would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of...: Background On August 28, 2000, the Department published the antidumping duty order on certain tin mill...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-18
... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-854] Certain Tin Mill Products... duty order covering certain tin mill products from Japan. The period of review is August 1, 2009... parties to request an administrative review of the antidumping duty order on certain tin mill products...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-06
... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-854] Certain Tin Mill Products... duty order covering certain tin mill products from Japan. The period of review is August 1, 2010... parties to request an administrative review of the antidumping duty order on certain tin mill products...
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Impacts of fiber orientation and milling on observed crystallinity in jack pine
Umesh P. Agarwal; Sally A. Ralph; Richard S. Reiner; Roderquita K. Moore; Carlos Baez
2014-01-01
Influences of fiber orientation and milling on wood cellulose crystallinity were studied using jack pine wood. The fiber orientation effects were measured by sampling rectangular wood blocks in radial, tangential, and cross-sectional orientations. The influence of milling was studied by analyzing the unsieved and sieved milled wood fractions (all
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7 CFR 868.301 - Definition of milled rice.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definition of milled rice. 868.301 Section 868.301... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Terms Defined § 868.301 Definition of milled rice. Whole or broken kernels of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from which the hulls and at...
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7 CFR 868.301 - Definition of milled rice.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition of milled rice. 868.301 Section 868.301... FOR CERTAIN AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Terms Defined § 868.301 Definition of milled rice. Whole or broken kernels of rice (Oryza sativa L.) from which the hulls and at...
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A study was performed investigating the feasibility of applying the DUOX chemical oxidation technology to chlorinated solvent contaminated media at the Roosevelt Mills site in Vernon, Connecticut. The Roosevelt Mills site is a former woolen mill that included dry cleaning operat...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
...-basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products-representation. 252.216-7007 Section 252....216-7007 Economic price adjustment—basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products... Steel, Aluminum, Brass, Bronze, or Copper Mill Products—Representation (MAR 2012) (a) Definitions. The...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
...-basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products-representation. 252.216-7007 Section 252....216-7007 Economic price adjustment—basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products... Steel, Aluminum, Brass, Bronze, or Copper Mill Products—Representation (MAR 2012) (a) Definitions. The...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
...-basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products-representation. 252.216-7007 Section 252....216-7007 Economic price adjustment—basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products... Steel, Aluminum, Brass, Bronze, or Copper Mill Products—Representation (MAR 2012) (a) Definitions. The...
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Explicit formulae for Yang-Mills-Einstein amplitudes from the double copy
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Chiodaroli, Marco; Günaydin, Murat; Johansson, Henrik
Using the double-copy construction of Yang-Mills-Einstein theories formulated in our earlier work, we obtain compact presentations for single-trace Yang-Mills-Einstein tree amplitudes with up to five external gravitons and an arbitrary number of gluons. These are written as linear combinations of color-ordered Yang-Mills trees, where the coefficients are given by color/kinematics-satisfying numerators in a Yang-Mills + φ 3 theory. The construction outlined in this paper holds in general dimension and extends straightforwardly to supergravity theories. For one, two, and three external gravitons, our expressions give identical or simpler presentations of amplitudes already constructed through string-theory considerations or the scattering equations formalism.more » Our results are based on color/kinematics duality and gauge invariance, and strongly hint at a recursive structure underlying the single-trace amplitudes with an arbitrary number of gravitons. We also present explicit expressions for all-loop single-graviton Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes in terms of Yang-Mills amplitudes and, through gauge invariance, derive new all-loop amplitude relations for Yang-Mills theory.« less
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Yuan, Li; Chen, Zhenhua; Zhu, Yonghua; Liu, Xuanming; Liao, Hongdong; Chen, Ding
2012-05-01
Wheat straw is one of the major lignocellulosic plant residues in many countries including China. An attractive alternative is the utilization of wheat straw for bioethanol production. This article mainly studies a simple one-step wet milling with Penicillium simplicissimum and weak acid to hydrolysis of wheat straw. The optimal condition for hydrolysis was ball milling 48 h in citrate solvent (pH = 4) with P. simplicissimum H5 at the speed of 500 rpm and the yield of sugar increased with increased milling time. Corresponding structure transformations before and after milling analyzed by X-ray diffraction, transmission Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy clearly indicated that this combined treatment could be attributed to the crystalline and chemical structure changes of cellulose in wheat straw during ball milling. This combined treatment of ball milling, mild acid, and fungus hydrolysis enabled the conversion of the wheat straw. Compared with traditional method of ball milling, this work showed a more simple, novel, and environmentally friendly way in mechanochemical treatment of wheat straw.
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Self-assembled nanoparticle arrays as nanomasks for pattern transfer
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sachan, M.; Bonnoit, C.; Hogg, C.; Evarts, E.; Bain, J. A.; Majetich, S. A.; Park, J.-H.; Zhu, J.-G.
2008-07-01
Argon ion milling was used to transfer the pattern of sparse 12 nm iron oxide nanoparticles into underlying thin films of Pt and magnetic tunnel junction stacks and quantify their etching rates and morphological evolution. Under typical milling conditions, Pt milled at 10 nm min-1, while the isolated particles of iron oxide used for the mask milled at 5 nm min-1. Dilute dispersions of nanoparticles were used to produce the sparse nanomasks, and high resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy were used to monitor the evolution of etched structures as a function of milling time. SEM measurements indicate an apparent 20% increase in feature diameter before the features began to diminish under additional milling, suggesting redeposition as a limiting feature in the milling of dense arrays. Simulations of the milling process in nanoparticle arrays that include redeposition are consistent with this observation. These simulations predict that an edge-to-edge spacing of 3 nm in a dense array is feasible, but that redeposition reduces the final structure aspect ratio from that of the masking array by as much as a factor of two.
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Explicit formulae for Yang-Mills-Einstein amplitudes from the double copy
Chiodaroli, Marco; Günaydin, Murat; Johansson, Henrik; ...
2017-07-03
Using the double-copy construction of Yang-Mills-Einstein theories formulated in our earlier work, we obtain compact presentations for single-trace Yang-Mills-Einstein tree amplitudes with up to five external gravitons and an arbitrary number of gluons. These are written as linear combinations of color-ordered Yang-Mills trees, where the coefficients are given by color/kinematics-satisfying numerators in a Yang-Mills + φ 3 theory. The construction outlined in this paper holds in general dimension and extends straightforwardly to supergravity theories. For one, two, and three external gravitons, our expressions give identical or simpler presentations of amplitudes already constructed through string-theory considerations or the scattering equations formalism.more » Our results are based on color/kinematics duality and gauge invariance, and strongly hint at a recursive structure underlying the single-trace amplitudes with an arbitrary number of gravitons. We also present explicit expressions for all-loop single-graviton Einstein-Yang-Mills amplitudes in terms of Yang-Mills amplitudes and, through gauge invariance, derive new all-loop amplitude relations for Yang-Mills theory.« less
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The study on dynamic properties of monolithic ball end mills with various slenderness
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wojciechowski, Szymon; Tabaszewski, Maciej; Krolczyk, Grzegorz M.; Maruda, Radosław W.
2017-10-01
The reliable determination of modal mass, damping and stiffness coefficient (modal parameters) for the particular machine-toolholder-tool system is essential for the accurate estimation of vibrations, stability and thus the machined surface finish formed during the milling process. Therefore, this paper focuses on the analysis of ball end mill's dynamical properties. The tools investigated during this study are monolithic ball end mills with different slenderness values, made of coated cemented carbide. These kinds of tools are very often applied during the precise milling of curvilinear surfaces. The research program included the impulse test carried out for the investigated tools clamped in the hydraulic toolholder. The obtained modal parameters were further applied in the developed tool's instantaneous deflection model, in order to estimate the tool's working part vibrations during precise milling. The application of the proposed dynamics model involved also the determination of instantaneous cutting forces on the basis of the mechanistic approach. The research revealed that ball end mill's slenderness can be considered as an important milling dynamics and machined surface quality indicator.
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Response to Thermal Exposure of Ball-Milled Aluminum-Borax Powder Blends
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Birol, Yucel
2013-04-01
Aluminum-borax powder mixtures were ball milled and heated above 873 K (600 °C) to produce Al-B master alloys. Ball-milled powder blends reveal interpenetrating layers of deformed aluminum and borax grains that are increasingly refined with increasing milling time. Thermal exposure of the ball-milled powder blends facilitates a series of thermite reactions between these layers. Borax, dehydrated during heating, is reduced by Al, and B thus generated reacts with excess Al to produce AlB2 particles dispersed across the aluminum grains starting at 873 K (600 °C). AlB2 particles start to form along the interface of the aluminum and borax layers. Once nucleated, these particles grow readily to become hexagonal-shaped crystals that traverse the aluminum grains with increasing temperatures as evidenced by the increase in the size as well as in the number of the AlB2 particles. Ball milling for 1 hour suffices to achieve a thermite reaction between borax and aluminum. Ball milling further does not impact the response of the powder blend to thermal exposure. The nucleation-reaction sites are multiplied, however, with increasing milling time and thus insure a higher number of smaller AlB2 particles. The size of the AlB2 platelets may be adjusted with the ball milling time.
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Structural and Morphological Evaluation of Nano-Sized MoSi2 Powder Produced by Mechanical Milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sameezadeh, Mahmood; Farhangi, Hassan; Emamy, Masoud
Nano-sized intermetallic powders have received great attention owing to their property advantages over conventional micro-sized counterparts. In the present study nano-sized MoSi2 powder has been produced successfully from commercially available MoSi2 (3 μm) by a mechanical milling process carried out for a period of 100 hours. The effects of milling time on size and morphology of the powders were studied by SEM and TEM and image analyzing system. The results indicate that the as-received micrometric powder with a wide size distribution of irregular shaped morphology changes to a narrow size distribution of nearly equiaxed particles with the progress of attrition milling up to 100 h, reaching an average particle size of 71 nm. Structural evolution of milled samples was characterized by XRD to determine the crystallite size and lattice microstrain using Williamson-Hall method. According to the results, the crystallite size of the powders decreases continuously down to 23 nm with increasing milling time up to 100 h and this size refinement is more rapid at the early stages of the milling process. On the other hand, the lattice strain increases considerably with milling up to 65 h and further milling causes no significant changes of lattice strain.
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Belenguer, Ana M; Lampronti, Giulio I; Sanders, Jeremy K M
2018-01-23
The equilibrium outcomes of ball mill grinding can dramatically change as a function of even tiny variations in the experimental conditions such as the presence of very small amounts of added solvent. To reproducibly and accurately capture this sensitivity, the experimentalist needs to carefully consider every single factor that can affect the ball mill grinding reaction under investigation, from ensuring the grinding jars are clean and dry before use, to accurately adding the stoichiometry of the starting materials, to validating that the delivery of solvent volume is accurate, to ensuring that the interaction between the solvent and the powder is well understood and, if necessary, a specific soaking time is added to the procedure. Preliminary kinetic studies are essential to determine the necessary milling time to achieve equilibrium. Only then can exquisite phase composition curves be obtained as a function of the solvent concentration under ball mill liquid assisted grinding (LAG). By using strict and careful procedures analogous to the ones here presented, such milling equilibrium curves can be obtained for virtually all milling systems. The system we use to demonstrate these procedures is a disulfide exchange reaction starting from the equimolar mixture of two homodimers to obtain at equilibrium quantitative heterodimer. The latter is formed by ball mill grinding as two different polymorphs, Form A and Form B. The ratio R = [Form B] / ([Form A] + [Form B]) at milling equilibrium depends on the nature and concentration of the solvent in the milling jar.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Cho, Hyoup Je; Choi, Gyeong Man
A Ni-YSZ (Y 2O 3-stabilized ZrO 2) composite is commonly used as a solid oxide fuel cell anode. The composite powders are usually synthesized by mixing NiO and YSZ powders. The particle size and distribution of the two phases generally determine the performance of the anode. Two different milling methods are used to prepare the composite anode powders, namely, high-energy milling and ball-milling that reduce the particle size. The particle size and the Ni distribution of the two composite powders are examined. The effects of milling on the performance are evaluated by using both an electrolyte-supported, symmetric Ni-YSZ/YSZ/Ni-YSZ cell and an anode-supported, asymmetric cell. The performance is examined at 800 °C by impedance analysis and current-voltage measurements. Pellets made by using high-energy milled NiO-YSZ powders have much smaller particle sizes and a more uniform distribution of Ni particles than pellets made from ball-milled powder, and thus the polarization resistance of the electrode is also smaller. The maximum power density of the anode-supported cell prepared by using the high-energy milled powder is ∼850 mW cm -2 at 800 °C compared with ∼500 mW cm -2 for the cell with ball-milled powder. Thus, high-energy milling is found to be more effective in reducing particle size and obtaining a uniform distribution of Ni particles.
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Crystallization of high-strength nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics.
Theocharopoulos, A; Chen, X; Wilson, R M; Hill, R; Cattell, M J
2013-11-01
Fine-grained, high strength, translucent leucite dental glass-ceramics are synthesized via controlled crystallization of finely milled glass powders. The objectives of this study were to utilize high speed planetary milling of an aluminosilicate glass for controlled surface crystallization of nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics and to test the biaxial flexural strength. An aluminosilicate glass was synthesized, attritor or planetary milled and heat-treated. Glasses and glass-ceramics were characterized using particle size analysis, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Experimental (fine and nanoscale) and commercial (Ceramco-3, IPS Empress Esthetic) leucite glass-ceramics were tested using the biaxial flexural strength (BFS) test. Gaussian and Weibull statistics were applied. Experimental planetary milled glass-ceramics showed an increased leucite crystal number and nano-scale median crystal sizes (0.048-0.055 μm(2)) as a result of glass particle size reduction and heat treatments. Experimental materials had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean BFS and characteristic strength values than the commercial materials. Attritor milled and planetary milled (2h) materials showed no significant (p>0.05) strength difference. All other groups' mean BFS and characteristic strengths were found to be significantly different (p<0.05) to each other. The mean (SD) MPa strengths measured were: Attritor milled: 252.4 (38.7), Planetary milled: 225.4 (41.8) [4h milling] 255.0 (35.0) [2h milling], Ceramco-3: 75.7 (6.8) and IPS Empress: 165.5 (30.6). Planetary milling enabled synthesis of nano-scale leucite glass-ceramics with high flexural strength. These materials may help to reduce problems associated with brittle fracture of all-ceramic restorations and give reduced enamel wear. Copyright © 2013 Academy of Dental Materials. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Balagurov, Anatoly M.; Bobrikov, Ivan A.; Bokuchava, Gizo D.
2015-11-15
High resolution neutron diffraction was applied for elucidating of the microstructural evolution of nanocrystalline niobium carbide NbC{sub 0.93} powders subjected to high-energy ball milling. The diffraction patterns were collected with the high resolution Fourier diffractometer HRFD by using the reverse time-of-flight (RTOF) mode of data acquisition. The traditional single diffraction line analysis, the Rietveld method and more advanced Whole Powder Pattern Modeling technique were applied for the data analysis. The comparison of these techniques was performed. It is established that short-time milling produces a non-uniform powder, in which two distinct fractions with differing microstructure can be identified. Part of themore » material is in fact milled efficiently, with a reduction in grain size, an increase in the quantity of defects, and a corresponding tendency to decarburize reaching a composition NbC{sub 0.80} after 15 h of milling. The rest of the powder is less efficiently processed and preserves its composition and lower defect content. Larger milling times should have homogenized the system by increasing the efficiently milled fraction, but the material is unable to reach a uniform and homogeneous state. It is definitely shown that RTOF neutron diffraction patterns can provide the very accurate data for microstructure analysis of nanocrystalline powders. - Highlights: • The NbC{sub 0.93} powder was processed by high-energy ball milling. • The microstrain and dislocation density increase with milling time increase. • The corresponding decrease in crystallite size with milling time was observed. • The material exhibits the presence of two fractions after ball milling. • The RTOF neutron diffraction data are suitable for accurate microstructure analysis.« less
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Hamza, Tamer A; Sherif, Rana M
2017-06-01
Dental laboratories use different computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) systems to fabricate fixed prostheses; however, limited evidence is available concerning which system provides the best marginal discrepancy. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the marginal fit of 5 different monolithic zirconia restorations milled with different CAD-CAM systems. Thirty monolithic zirconia crowns were fabricated on a custom-designed stainless steel die and were divided into 5 groups according to the type of monolithic zirconia crown and the CAD-CAM system used: group TZ, milled with an MCXL milling machine; group CZ, translucent zirconia milled with a motion milling machine; group ZZ, zirconia milled with a dental milling unit; group PZ, translucent zirconia milled with a zirconia milling unit; and group BZ, solid zirconia milled using an S1 VHF milling machine. The marginal fit was measured with a binocular microscope at an original magnification of ×100. The results were tabulated and statistically analyzed with 1-way ANOVA and post hoc surface range test, and pairwise multiple comparisons were made using Bonferroni correction (α=.05). The type of CAD-CAM used affected the marginal fit of the monolithic restoration. The mean (±SD) highest marginal discrepancy was recorded in group TZI at 39.3 ±2.3 μm, while the least mean marginal discrepancy was recorded in group IZ (22.8 ±8.9 μm). The Bonferroni post hoc test showed that group TZI was significantly different from all other groups tested (P<.05). Within the limitation of this in vitro study, all tested CAD-CAM systems produced monolithic zirconia restorations with clinically acceptable marginal discrepancies; however, the CAD-CAM system with the 5-axis milling unit produced the best marginal fit. Copyright © 2016 Editorial Council for the Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sahoo, R. R.; Patra, A.; Karak, S. K.
2017-02-01
A high energy planetary ball-mill was employed to synthesize tungsten (W) based alloy with nominal composition of W79Ni10Ti5Nb5(ZrO2)1 (in wt. %) for 20 h with chrome steel as grinding media, toluene as process control agent (PCA) along with compaction at 500 MPa pressure for 5 mins and sintering at 1500°C for 2 h using Ar atmosphere. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), elemental mapping and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to study the phase formation, microstructure of both milled powder and consolidated alloy. The crystallite size of W in W79Ni10Ti5Nb5(ZrO2)1 powder was 37 nm, 14.7 nm at 10 h and 20 h of milling respectively and lattice strain enhances to 0.54% at 20 h of milling. The crystallite size reduction is more at 10 h of milling and the rate drop beyond 10 to 20 h of milling. The intense improvement in dislocation density was evident upto 10 h of milling and the rate decreases between 10 to 20 h of milling. Increase in the lattice parameter of tungsten in W79Ni10Ti5Nb5(ZrO2)1 alloy upto 0.09% was observed at 10 h of milling owing to severe stress assisted deformation followed by contraction upto 0.07% at 20 h of milling due to formation of solid solution. The large spherical particles at 0 h of milling transformed to elongated shape at 10 h of milling and finer morphology at 20 h of milling. The average particle size reduced from 100 µm to 4.5 µm with the progress of milling from 0 to 20 h. Formation of fine polycrystallites of W was revealed by bright field TEM analysis and the observed crystallite size from TEM study was well supported by the evaluated crystallite size from XRD. XRD pattern and SEM micrograph of sintered alloy revealed the formation of NbNi, Ni3Ti intermetallic phases. Densification of 91.5% was attained in the 20 h milled and sintered alloy. Mechanical behaviour of the sintered product was evaluated by hardness and wear study. W79Ni10Ti5Nb5(ZrO2)1 alloy showed increase in hardness with decreasing load. The wear rate increases with increasing load due to higher abrasion effect at higher load.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Raj K. Rajamani; Sanjeeva Latchireddi; Sravan K. Prathy
The U.S. mining industry operates approximately 80 semi-autogenesis grinding mills (SAG) throughout the United States. Depending on the mill size the SAG mills draws between 2 MW and 17 MW. The product from the SAG mill is further reduced in size using pebble crushers and ball mills. Hence, typical gold or copper ore requires between 2.0 and 7.5 kWh per ton of energy to reduce the particle size. Considering a typical mining operation processes 10,000 to 100,000 tons per day the energy expenditure in grinding is 50 percent of the cost of production of the metal. A research team frommore » the University of Utah is working to make inroads into saving energy in these SAG mills. In 2003, Industries of the Future Program of the Department of Energy tasked the University of Utah team to build a partnership between the University and the mining industry for the specific purpose of reducing energy consumption in SAG mills. A partnership was formed with Cortez Gold Mines, Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation, Process Engineering Resources Inc. and others. In the current project, Cortez Gold Mines played a key role in facilitating the 26-ft SAG mill at Cortez as a test mill for this study. According to plant personnel, there were a number of unscheduled shut downs to repair broken liners and the mill throughput fluctuated depending on ore type. The University team had two softwares, Millsoft and FlowMod to tackle the problem. Millsoft is capable of simulating the motion of charge in the mill. FlowMod calculates the slurry flow through the grate and pulp lifters. Based on this data the two models were fine-tuned to fit the Cortez SAG will. In the summer of 2004 a new design of shell lifters were presented to Cortez and in September 2004 these lifters were installed in the SAG mill. By December 2004 Cortez Mines realized that the SAG mill is drawing approximately 236-kW less power than before while maintaining the same level of production. In the first month there was extreme cycling and operators had to learn more. Now the power consumption is 0.3-1.3 kWh/ton lower than before. The actual SAG mill power draw is 230-370 kW lower. Mill runs 1 rpm lesser in speed on the average. The re-circulation to the cone crusher is reduced by 1-10%, which means more efficient grinding of critical size material is taking place in the mill. All of the savings have resulted in reduction of operating cost be about $0.023-$0.048/ ton.« less
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3. View of partially excavated mill ruins looking NW showing ...
3. View of partially excavated mill ruins looking NW showing unidentified pit in right foreground, masonry base for steam engine and cane mill in left center, purging house and chimney in background. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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77 FR 75917 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-26
...-AA09 Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT AGENCY: Coast..., mile 1.3, across the Quinnipiac River, and the Chapel Street Bridge, mile 0.4, across the Mill River..., across the Quinnipiac River, and the Chapel Street Bridge, mile 0.4, across the Mill River, to reduce the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-30
... Mills, Inc.; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing, Soliciting Motions To Intervene and Protests... Mills, Inc. e. Name of Project: Monadnock Hydroelectric Project. f. Location: The existing project is..., Monadnock Paper Mills, Inc.; Antrim Road, P.O. Box 339, Bennington, NH 03442; (603) 588-3311 or [email protected
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-07
... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-73,416] Desoto Mills LLC, Fort... applicable to workers and former workers at Desoto Mills, LLC, a Subsidiary of Fruit of the Loom, Fort Payne... * * * locations outside the Desoto Mills Plant.'' The petitioner compares the situation at this location with...
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77 FR 4559 - Ecusta Mill Site, Pisgah Forest, Transylvania County, NC; Notice of Amended Settlement
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-30
... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-R4-SFUND 2012-; FRL-9624-1] Ecusta Mill Site, Pisgah Forest... settlement for resolution of past response and future costs concerning the Ecusta Mill Superfund Site located... settlement are available from Ms. Paula V. Painter. Submit your comments by Site name Ecusta Mill Superfund...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-14
... Campus, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs... Mills Indian Community of Michigan. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ben Burshia, Bureau of Indian... and part of the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan for the exclusive use of Indians on that...
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21 CFR 515.24 - Notice of revocation of a medicated feed mill license.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 21 Food and Drugs 6 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notice of revocation of a medicated feed mill... SERVICES (CONTINUED) ANIMAL DRUGS, FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.24 Notice of revocation of a medicated feed mill license. When a license...
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75 FR 1738 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-13
...-AA09 Drawbridge Operation Regulation; New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers, CT AGENCY: Coast... regulation governing the operation of three bridges across the Quinnipiac and Mill Rivers at New Haven... and 15 feet at mean low water. The Chapel Street Bridge at mile 0.4, across the Mill River has a...
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21 CFR 515.22 - Suspension and/or revocation of approval of a medicated feed mill license.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... medicated feed mill license. 515.22 Section 515.22 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT... MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.22 Suspension and/or revocation of approval of a medicated feed mill license. (a) The Secretary of Health and Human Services may suspend a medicated feed...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... mill licenses to manufacture animal feed bearing or containing new animal drugs. 510.305 Section 510... copies of approved medicated feed mill licenses to manufacture animal feed bearing or containing new... medicated feed mill license (Form FDA 3448) on the premises of the manufacturing establishment; and (b...
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Case Study: Fort Mill High School--A Culture of Continuous Improvement
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Southern Regional Education Board (SREB), 2014
2014-01-01
This is the latest in a series of case studies highlighting best practices High Schools That Work (HSTW) network schools and districts are implementing to prepare students better for further studies and careers. Fort Mill High School is in Fort Mill, South Carolina, an outlying suburb of Charlotte, North Carolina. Fort Mill links high quality…
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21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may be safely used in accordance with the following conditions: (a) They are...
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21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may be safely used in accordance with the following conditions: (a) They are...
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5. View of remaining rock ledge from construction of passage ...
5. View of remaining rock ledge from construction of passage to enter mill (Riverdale Cotton Mill was built into the side of a hill). Partially subterranean area was popular with employees trying to escape the heat of the mill, now an unofficial smoking area. - Riverdale Cotton Mill, Corner of Middle & Lower Streets, Valley, Chambers County, AL
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40 CFR 406.16 - Pretreatment standards for new sources.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS GRAIN MILLS POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Corn Wet Milling Subcategory § 406.16 Pretreatment... new corn wet milling source to be discharged to the POTW (gallons per one hour for flow and pounds per... corn wet milling source to be discharged to POTW. S = existing peak load of POTW. K = 2. When the ratio...
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21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may be safely used in accordance with the following conditions: (a) They are...
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21 CFR 173.320 - Chemicals for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
...-sugar and beet-sugar mills. 173.320 Section 173.320 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills. Agents for controlling microorganisms in cane-sugar and beet-sugar mills may be safely used in accordance with the following conditions: (a) They are...
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45. FINISHING STANDS, 98INCH CONTINUOUS HOT STRIP MILL, WORLD'S LARGEST ...
45. FINISHING STANDS, 98-INCH CONTINUOUS HOT STRIP MILL, WORLD'S LARGEST AT THE TIME OF INSTALLATION IN 1937. THE MILL WAS REPLACED BY A NEW 84-INCH MILL IN 1971 AND IS SEEN HERE PARTIALLY DISMANTLED IN PREPARATION FOR DEMOLITION. - Corrigan, McKinney Steel Company, 3100 East Forty-fifth Street, Cleveland, Cuyahoga County, OH
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1. EAGLE MILL EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1907. SHOWS INITIAL ...
1. EAGLE MILL EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1907. SHOWS INITIAL MILL CONFIGURATION WITH FULLY EXPOSED CRUDE ORE BIN CONCRETE RETAINING WALL, SINGLE (SOUTH) CRUDE ORE BIN, AND EXPOSED CRUSHER HOUSE. NOTE THE LACK OF MACHINE SHOP OR SNOW SHEDS. CREDIT JW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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12. VIEW FROM EAST OF THE MILL AND TRESTLE SHOWING ...
12. VIEW FROM EAST OF THE MILL AND TRESTLE SHOWING THE ORE RECEIVING STATION. THE ORE BIN AND CHUTE FOR RECEIVING ORE AND LOADING IT INTO CARS FOR DELIVERY ACROSS THE TRESTLE TO THE MILL IS VISIBLE AT THE BOTTOM OF THE PHOTO. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA
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ROMI 4.0: Updated Rough Mill Simulator
Timo Grueneberg; R. Edward Thomas; Urs Buehlmann
2012-01-01
In the secondary hardwood industry, rough mills convert hardwood lumber into dimension parts for furniture, cabinets, and other wood products. ROMI 4.0, the US Department of Agriculture Forest Service's ROugh-MIll simulator, is a software package designed to simulate the cut-up of hardwood lumber in rough mills in such a way that a maximum possible component yield...
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VIEW EASTLEFTBUILDING 4NO 1 WIRE MILL (1871) RIGHTBUILDING 25NO 2 ...
VIEW EAST-LEFT-BUILDING 4-NO 1 WIRE MILL (1871) RIGHT-BUILDING 25-NO 2 WIRE MILL (c.1853) RIGHT-BUILDING 23 WIRE MILL & PATENTING (1853 & 1900)-BEHIND 25 CENTER-PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE (C.1873) - John A. Roebling's Sons Company & American Steel & Wire Company, South Broad, Clark, Elmer, Mott & Hudson Streets, Trenton, Mercer County, NJ
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1. VIEW OF MILL WORKER HOUSE AT 502 ASKEW AVE. ...
1. VIEW OF MILL WORKER HOUSE AT 502 ASKEW AVE. HOUSE IS 1 1/2 STORY, 3 BAY SIDE GABLE WITH REAR KITCHEN ELL AND PORCH EXTENDING FROM FRONT. LOCKWOOD GREENE ENGINEERS BUILT THIS AND 128 OTHER NEW HOUSES FOR NEW ENGLAND SOUTHERN MILLS IN 1923-1924. THE PREEXISTING MILL VILLAGE NEEDED TO BE EXPANDED TO ACCOMODATE WORKERS FOR THEIR NEW STARK MILL IN HOGANSVILLE. THIS HOUSE WAS BUILT WITH INDOOR PLUMBING, AND ELECTRICITY AT A COST OF APPROXIMATELY $430 PER ROOM. - 502 Askew Avenue (House), 502 Askew Avenue, Hogansville, Troup County, GA
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Bend strengths of reaction bonded silicon nitride prepared from dry attrition milled silicon powder
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Herbell, T. P.; Glasgow, T. K.
1979-01-01
Dry attrition milled silicon powder was compacted, sintered in helium, and reaction bonded in nitrogen-4 volume percent hydrogen. Bend strengths of bars with as-nitrided surfaces averaged as high as 210 MPa at room temperature and 220 MPa at 1400 C. Bars prepared from the milled powder were stronger than those prepared from as-received powder at both room temperature and at 1400 C. Room temperature strength decreased with increased milling time and 1400 C strength increased with increased milling time.
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Fluidized Bed Opposed Jet Mill System for Processing Inorganic Materials
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Al-Nuzal, S. M. D.; Mohammed, M. I.
2017-08-01
A jet mill system was built aiming to give values for processing inorganic materials, to be used for different industry. The milling housing of the system is composed of; milling chamber, compressed air nozzles which deliver compressed air in the milling chamber to accelerate sample particles. The classifier wheel is composed of two concentric pieces welded together under argon and coupled to a AC Motor, 0 - 9000 rpm, 2 kW, with AC frequencies convertor. The performances of this jet mill system were tried on five cheap locally available materials, viz. white sand, glass, iron oxide, black carbon and alum. It is possible to get particle sizes of less than 1 μm with narrow distribution of particle sizes.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Alinejad, Babak; Mahmoodi, Korosh
Natural graphite is a soft material that conventional milling methods fail to grind into nanoparticles. We found that adding NaCl into graphite during milling allows obtaining graphene nanoflakes of about 50×200nm2 as evidenced by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). NaCl particles are substantially brittle and harder than graphite, serving as milling agents by both helping to chop graphite into smaller pieces and preventing graphite particles from agglomeration. After milling, NaCl can be easily washed away by water. Probable mechanism for exfoliation of graphene during the modified ball milling may be explained by NaCl and graphene slipping or sliding against and over each other, exfoliating the graphene particles into thin layers.
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Insecticidal components from field pea extracts: sequences of some variants of pea albumin 1b.
Taylor, Wesley G; Sutherland, Daniel H; Olson, Douglas J H; Ross, Andrew R S; Fields, Paul G
2004-12-15
Methanol soluble insecticidal peptides with masses of 3752, 3757, and 3805 Da, isolated from crude extracts (C8 extracts) derived from the protein-enriched flour of commercial field peas [Pisum sativum (L.)], were purified by reversed phase chromatography and, after reduction and alkylation, were sequenced by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) time-of-flight mass spectrometry with the aid of various peptidases. These major peptides were variants of pea albumin 1b (PA1b) with methionine sulfoxide rather than methionine at position 12. Peptide 3752 showed additional variations at positions 29 (valine for isoleucine) and 34 (histidine for asparagine). A minor, 37 amino acid peptide with a molecular mass of 3788 Da was also sequenced and differed from a known PA1b variant at positions 1, 25, and 31. Sequence variants of PA1b with their molecular masses were compiled, and variants that matched the accurate masses of the experimental peptides were used to narrow the search. MALDI postsource decay experiments on pronase fragments helped to confirm the sequences. Whole and dehulled field peas gave insecticidal C8 extracts in the laboratory that were enriched in peptides with masses of 3736, 3741, and 3789 Da, as determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. It was therefore concluded that oxidation of the methionine residues to methionine sulfoxide occurred primarily during the processing of dehulled peas in a mill.
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Silva, C; Garcia-Mas, J; Sánchez, A M; Arús, P; Oliveira, M M
2005-03-01
Blooming time is one of the most important agronomic traits in almond. Biochemical and molecular events underlying flowering regulation must be understood before methods to stimulate late flowering can be developed. Attempts to elucidate the genetic control of this process have led to the identification of a major gene (Lb) and quantitative trait loci (QTLs) linked to observed phenotypic differences, but although this gene and these QTLs have been placed on the Prunus reference genetic map, their sequences and specific functions remain unknown. The aim of our investigation was to associate these loci with known genes using a candidate gene approach. Two almond cDNAs and eight Prunus expressed sequence tags were selected as candidate genes (CGs) since their sequences were highly identical to those of flowering regulatory genes characterized in other species. The CGs were amplified from both parental lines of the mapping population using specific primers. Sequence comparison revealed DNA polymorphisms between the parental lines, mainly of the single nucleotide type. Polymorphisms were used to develop co-dominant cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence markers or length polymorphisms based on insertion/deletion events for mapping the candidate genes on the Prunus reference map. Ten candidate genes were assigned to six linkage groups in the Prunus genome. The positions of two of these were compatible with the regions where two QTLs for blooming time were detected. One additional candidate was localized close to the position of the Evergrowing gene, which determines a non-deciduous behaviour in peach.
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Ojukwu, Chidiebele Petronilla; Anyanwu, Godson Emeka; Nwabueze, Augustine Chijindu; Anekwu, Emelie Morris; Chukwu, Sylvester Caesar
2017-01-01
Milling machine operators perform physically demanding tasks that can lead to work related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), but literature on WRMSDs among milling machine operators is scarce. Knowledge of prevalence and risk factors of WRMSDs can be an appropriate base for planning and implementing ergonomics intervention programs in the workplace. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, pattern and associated factors of WRMSDs among commercial milling machine operators in Enugu, Nigeria. This cross-sectional survey involved 148 commercial milling machine operators (74 hand-operated milling machine operators (HOMMO) and 74 electrically-operated milling machine operators (EOMMO)), within the age range of 18-65 years, who were conveniently selected from four markets in Enugu, Nigeria. A standard Nordic questionnaire was used to assess the prevalence of WRMSDs among the participants. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. There was a significant difference (p = 0.001) related to prevalence of WRMSDs between HOMMOs (77%) and EOMMOs (50%). All body parts were affected in both groups and shoulders (85.1%) and lower back (46%) had the highest percentage of prevalence. Working in awkward and same postures, working with injury, poor workplace design, repetition of tasks, vibratory working equipments, reduced rest, high job demand and heavy lifting were significantly associated with the prevalence of WRMSDs. WRMSDs are prevalent among commercial milling machine operators with higher occurrence in HOMMOs. Ergonomic interventions, including the re-design of milling machines and appropriate work posture education of machine operators are recommended in the milling industry.
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Contamination risk of stable isotope samples during milling.
Isaac-Renton, M; Schneider, L; Treydte, K
2016-07-15
Isotope analysis of wood is an important tool in dendrochronology and ecophysiology. Prior to mass spectrometry analysis, wood must be homogenized, and a convenient method involves a ball mill capable of milling samples directly in sample tubes. However, sample-tube plastic can contaminate wood during milling, which could lead to biological misinterpretations. We tested possible contamination of whole wood and cellulose samples during ball-mill homogenization for carbon and oxygen isotope measurements. We used a multi-factorial design with two/three steel milling balls, two sample amounts (10 mg, 40 mg), and two milling times (5 min, 10 min). We further analyzed abrasion by milling empty tubes, and measured the isotope ratios of pure contaminants. A strong risk exists for carbon isotope bias through plastic contamination: the δ(13) C value of polypropylene deviated from the control by -6.77‰. Small fibers from PTFE filter bags used during cellulose extraction also present a risk as the δ(13) C value of this plastic deviated by -5.02‰. Low sample amounts (10 mg) showed highest contamination due to increased abrasion during milling (-1.34‰), which is further concentrated by cellulose extraction (-3.38‰). Oxygen isotope measurements were unaffected. A ball mill can be used to homogenize samples within test tubes prior to oxygen isotope analysis, but not prior to carbon or radiocarbon isotope analysis. There is still a need for a fast, simple and contamination-free sample preparation procedure. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Lau, Michael; Young, Paul M; Traini, Daniela
2017-06-01
Particle micronization for inhalation can impart surface disorder (amorphism) of crystalline structures. This can lead to stability issues upon storage at elevated humidity from recrystallization of the amorphous state, which can subsequently affect the aerosol performance of the dry powder formulation. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an additive, magnesium stearate (MGST), on the stability and aerosol performance of co-milled active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with lactose. Blends of API-lactose with/without MGST were prepared and co-milled by the jet-mill apparatus. Samples were stored at 50% relative humidity (RH) and 75% RH for 1, 5, and 15 d. Analysis of changes in particle size, agglomerate structure/strength, moisture sorption, and aerosol performance were analyzed by laser diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic vapor sorption (DVS), and in-vitro aerodynamic size assessment by impaction. Co-milled formulation with MGST (5% w/w) led to a reduction in agglomerate size and strength after storage at elevated humidity compared with co-milled formulation without MGST, as observed from SEM and laser diffraction. Hysteresis in the sorption/desorption isotherm was observed in the co-milled sample without MGST, which was likely due to the recrystallization of the amorphous regions of micronized lactose. Deterioration in aerosol performance after storage at elevated humidity was greater for the co-milled samples without MGST, compared with co-milled with MGST. MGST has been shown to have a significant impact on co-milled dry powder stability after storage at elevated humidity in terms of physico-chemical properties and aerosol performance.
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Fluid mechanics of slurry flow through the grinding media in ball mills
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Songfack, P.K.; Rajamani, R.K.
1995-12-31
The slurry transport within the ball mill greatly influences the mill holdup, residence time, breakage rate, and hence the power draw and the particle size distribution of the mill product. However, residence-time distribution and holdup in industrial mills could not be predicted a priori. Indeed, it is impossible to determine the slurry loading in continuously operating mills by direct measurement, especially in industrial mills. In this paper, the slurry transport problem is solved using the principles of fluid mechanics. First, the motion of the ball charge and its expansion are predicted by a technique called discrete element method. Then themore » slurry flow through the porous ball charge is tackled with a fluid-flow technique called the marker and cell method. This may be the only numerical technique capable of tracking the slurry free surface as it fluctuates with the motion of the ball charge. The result is a prediction of the slurry profile in both the radial and axial directions. Hence, it leads to the detailed description of slurry mass and ball charge within the mill. The model predictions are verified with pilot-scale experimental work. This novel approach based on the physics of fluid flow is devoid of any empiricism. It is shown that the holdup of industrial mills at a given feed percent solids can be predicted successfully.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sebayang, Perdamean; Sari, Ayu Yuswita; Ginting, Delovita; Allan, Yola; Nasruddin M., N.; Sebayang, Kerista
2016-02-01
The objective of present work is to investigate the characteristic of BaFe12O19, B2O3-BaFe12O19 and Fe-BaFe12O19 magnets fabricated at different milling time and sintering temperature. The characteristic of perrmanen magnet BaFe12O19 with different content of B2O3 and Fe which was fabricated at different milling time and sintering temperature were investigated. The powder mixtures were prepared by dry and wet milling at various milling time. The powder were mixtured and prepared by dry and wet milling at various milling time. The mixture powder was then compacted by anisotropic with compressive pressure of 50 N/cm2. The green bodies were sinter at 1050, 1100, 1150 and 1200°C and hold for 1 h, separately. The density, magnetic flux density and B-H curve were measured by Archimedes principle, Gauss meter and Permagraph, respectively. The microstructure and phase composition characterization were performed by SEM and XRD. The results of this study are presented in this paper. It shows that addition of Fe (in wet milling) and B2O3 (in dry milling) respectively give a potential benefit to reduce the sintering temperature and improve the magnetic flux density of barium hexaferrite.
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Learning Activity Packets for Milling Machines. Unit II--Horizontal Milling Machines.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Oklahoma State Board of Vocational and Technical Education, Stillwater. Curriculum and Instructional Materials Center.
This learning activity packet (LAP) outlines the study activities and performance tasks covered in a related curriculum guide on milling machines. The course of study in this LAP is intended to help students learn to set up and operate a horizontal mill. Tasks addressed in the LAP include mounting style "A" or "B" arbors and adjusting arbor…
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... medicated feed mill license application or suspending or revoking a license. 515.25 Section 515.25 Food and..., FEEDS, AND RELATED PRODUCTS MEDICATED FEED MILL LICENSE Administrative Actions on Licenses § 515.25 Revocation of order refusing to approve a medicated feed mill license application or suspending or revoking a...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
...-basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products. 252.216-7000 Section 252.216-7000 Federal... adjustment—basic steel, aluminum, brass, bronze, or copper mill products. As prescribed in 216.203-4-70(a... Mill Products (JUL 1997) (a) Definitions. As used in this clause— Established price means a price which...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âTransporting [such] products to the mill, processing plant... EMPLOYED § 788.11 “Transporting [such] products to the mill, processing plant, railroad, or other transportation terminal.” The transportation or movement of logs or other forestry products to a “mill processing...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-14
... an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan AGENCY: Bureau of Indian Affairs, Interior... Secretary-- Indian Affairs proclaimed approximately 40 acres, more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills... and part of the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan for the exclusive use of Indians on that...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-02
... Not To Sue for American Lead and Zinc Mill Site, Ouray County, Colorado AGENCY: Environmental... provides for Settling Party's payment of certain response costs incurred at the American Lead and Zinc Mill... reference the American Lead and Zinc Mill Site, the EPA Docket No. CERCLA-08-2013- 0004. The Agency's...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... other than kilns; in-line kiln/raw mills; clinker coolers; new and reconstructed raw material dryers; and raw and finish mills, and open clinker piles. 63.1345 Section 63.1345 Protection of Environment... for affected sources other than kilns; in-line kiln/raw mills; clinker coolers; new and reconstructed...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... than kilns; in-line kiln/raw mills; clinker coolers; new and reconstructed raw material dryers; and raw...; in-line kiln/raw mills; clinker coolers; new and reconstructed raw material dryers; and raw and finish mills. The owner or operator of each new or existing raw material, clinker, or finished product...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
.... (1985). (13) Mill T., Hendry D.G., Richardson H. “Free radical oxidants in natural waters.” Science, 207...)(7) of this section); peroxy radicals (RO2−) (Mill et al. (1981) under paragraph (f)(9) of this section; Mill et al. (1983) under paragraph (f)(8) of this section); hydroxyl radicals (HO−) (Mill et al...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
.... (1985). (13) Mill T., Hendry D.G., Richardson H. “Free radical oxidants in natural waters.” Science, 207...)(7) of this section); peroxy radicals (RO2−) (Mill et al. (1981) under paragraph (f)(9) of this section; Mill et al. (1983) under paragraph (f)(8) of this section); hydroxyl radicals (HO−) (Mill et al...
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7 CFR 868.315 - Special grades and special grade requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... milled rice which has been crushed or granulated so that 95.0 percent or more will pass through a 5 sieve, 70.0 percent or more will pass through a 4 sieve, and not more than 15.0 percent will pass through a 21/2 sieve. (c) Parboiled milled rice. Parboiled milled rice shall be milled rice in which the starch...
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7 CFR 868.315 - Special grades and special grade requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... milled rice which has been crushed or granulated so that 95.0 percent or more will pass through a 5 sieve, 70.0 percent or more will pass through a 4 sieve, and not more than 15.0 percent will pass through a 21/2 sieve. (c) Parboiled milled rice. Parboiled milled rice shall be milled rice in which the starch...
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7 CFR 868.315 - Special grades and special grade requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... milled rice which has been crushed or granulated so that 95.0 percent or more will pass through a 5 sieve, 70.0 percent or more will pass through a 4 sieve, and not more than 15.0 percent will pass through a 21/2 sieve. (c) Parboiled milled rice. Parboiled milled rice shall be milled rice in which the starch...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-28
... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-588-854] Certain Tin Mill Products... duty order on certain tin mill products from Japan, pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff [[Page... on certain tin mill products from Japan pursuant to section 751(c) of the Act. See Initiation of Five...
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9. VIEW OF MILLING AND LATHE MACHINES, MILLING AND LATHE ...
9. VIEW OF MILLING AND LATHE MACHINES, MILLING AND LATHE MACHINES WERE USED TO FORM COMPONENTS INTO THEIR FINAL SHAPE. IN THE FOUNDRY, ENRICHED URANIUM WAS CAST INTO SPHERICAL SHAPES OR INGOT FROM WHICH WEAPONS COMPONENTS WERE FABRICATED. (4/4/66) - Rocky Flats Plant, General Manufacturing, Support, Records-Central Computing, Southern portion of Plant, Golden, Jefferson County, CO
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USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Optimization of flour yield and quality is important in the milling industry. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of kernel size and mill type on flour yield and end-use quality. A hard red spring wheat composite sample was segregated, based on kernel size, into large, medium, ...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Head Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.311 Section 868.311 Agriculture Regulations of the... COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.311 Grades and grade requirements for the class Second Head Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Head Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.311 Section 868.311 Agriculture Regulations of the... COMMODITIES United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.311 Grades and grade requirements for the class Second Head Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.312 Section 868.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.312 Grade and grade requirements for the class Screenings Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.313 Section 868.313 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.313 Grades and grade requirements for the class Brewers Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.312 Section 868.312 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.312 Grade and grade requirements for the class Screenings Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) 868.313 Section 868.313 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... United States Standards for Milled Rice Principles Governing Application of Standards § 868.313 Grades and grade requirements for the class Brewers Milled Rice. (See also § 868.315.) Grades, Grade...
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25. View of Botany Mills Lanolin Retrieval plant site looking ...
25. View of Botany Mills Lanolin Retrieval plant site looking northwest from Andrew McLean Company Textile Mill; Botany Worsted Mills and Dundee Canal at left - Dundee Canal Industrial Historic District, Beginning at George Street in Passaic & extending north along Dundee Canal approximately 1.2 miles to Canal headgates opposite East Clifton Avenue in Clifton, Passaic, Passaic County, NJ
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Product Recovery From Hemlock "Pulpwood" From Alaska.
Thomas D. Fahey
1983-01-01
A total of 363 western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) logs from Alaska were sawn to compare recovery at a stud mill and at a dimension mill. Recovery at both mills varied by log diameters and by log scaling system. Lumber grade recovery was primarily in Stud grade at the stud mill and in Standard and Construction grade at the dimension...
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Yahata, Eriko; Maruyama-Funatsuki, Wakako; Nishio, Zenta; Yamamoto, Yoshihiko; Hanaoka, Akihiro; Sugiyama, Hisashi; Tanida, Masatoshi; Saruyama, Haruo
2006-04-01
The content of specific proteins such as high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits HMW-GS 5+10 and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits LMW-GS KS2 in wheat mill streams of extra-strong Kachikei 33 wheat was quantified by SDS-PAGE and 2D-PAGE. The mill streams showed varied quantities of HMW-GS 5+10 (0.077 to 2.007 mg/g of mill stream), LMW-GS KS2 (0.018 to 0.586 mg/g of mill stream) and total protein (9.42% to 18.98%). The contents of these specific proteins in the mill streams were significantly correlated with the SDS sedimentation volume and the mixing properties, which are respective indices of specific loaf volume and dough strength. The contents of these specific glutenin proteins in the mill streams were therefore found to be significantly important for improving the dough quality suitable for bread and Chinese noodles. Accordingly, we present here the application of this information to the development of an effective method for producing mill streams with high quality and yield that are suitable for instant Chinese noodles.
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Nakach, Mostafa; Authelin, Jean-René; Perrin, Marc-Antoine; Lakkireddy, Harivardhan Reddy
2018-05-19
Currently, the two technologies primarily used for the manufacturing of nano-crystalline suspensions using top down process (i.e. wet milling) are high pressure homogenization (HPH) and stirred bead milling (SBM). These two technologies are based upon different mechanisms, i.e., cavitation forces for HPH and shear forces for stirred bead milling. In this article, the HPH and SBM technologies are compared in terms of the impact of the suspension composition the process parameters and the technological configuration on milling performances and physical quality of the suspensions produced. The data suggested that both HPH and SBM are suitable for producing nano-crystalline suspensions, although SBM appeared more efficient than HPH, since the limit of milling (d 50 ) for SBM was found to be lower than that obtained with HPH (100 nm vs 200 nm). For both these technologies, regardless of the process parameters used for milling and the scale of manufacturing, the relationship of d 90 versus d 50 could be described by a unique master curve (technology signature of milling pathway) outlining that the HPH leads to more uniform particle size distribution as compared to SBM. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Determination of the boundary conditions of the grinding load in ball mills
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharapov, Rashid R.
2018-02-01
The prospects of application in ball mills for grinding cement clinker with inclined partitions are shown. It is noted that ball mills with inclined partitions are more effective. An algorithm is proposed for calculating the power consumed by a ball mill with inclined inter-chamber partitions in which an axial movement of the ball load takes place. The boundary conditions in which the ball load is located are determined. The equations of bounding the grinding load are determined. The behavior of a grinding load is considered in view of the characteristic cross sections. The coordinates of the centers of gravity of the grinding load with a definite step and the shape of the cross sections are determined. It is theoretically shown that grinding load in some parts of the ball mill not only consumes, but also helps to rotate the ball mill. Methods for calculating complex analytical expressions for determining the coordinates of the centers of gravity of the grinding load under the conditions of its longitudinal motion have developed. The carried out researches allow to approach from the general positions to research of behavior of a grinding load in the ball mills equipped with various in-mill devices.
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Structural and Mössbauer characterization of the ball-milled Fex(Al2O3)100-x system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Paesano, A.; Matsuda, C. K.; Cótica, L. F.; de Medeiros, S. N.; da Cunha, J. B. M.; Hallouche, B.; Silva, S. L.
2004-09-01
Metal-oxide composites were synthesized by high-energy ball milling of metallic iron (α-Fe) and alumina (α-Al2O3) powders, varying the starting relative concentration and the milling time. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The results revealed the formation of a FeAl2O3+W spinel phase (hercynite) and of iron (super)paramagnetic nanoprecipitates, in addition to residual magnetic iron and alumina. We also observed that the relative amounts of nanoprecipitates and hercynite for isochronally milled samples were correlated with the sample nominal concentration x, with the precursor iron being relatively more converted in those phases for low x values. Particularly for x =10 milled sample, the relative amounts of the (super)paramagnetic and spinel phases were observed to increase linearly with the milling time. An x =20/24h milled sample was annealed in H2 atmosphere and revealed the reduction of hercynite, with iron phase separation.
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Preparation and physicochemical properties of whole-bean soymilk.
Kuo, Hsin-Yu; Chen, Shih-Hsin; Yeh, An-I
2014-01-22
Whole-bean soymilk has been prepared by using media-milling. Some characteristics of media-milled soymilk have been determined and compared with filtered soymilk (similar to commercial ones) and whole-bean soymilk prepared by blending. There existed particles in the nano/submicrometer scale in both media-milled and filtered soymilk. The particles in blended soymilk were greater than 1 μm. Media-milled soymilk was the most stable among three samples, even after autoclaving. Solid recovery (98.44 ± 0.16%), viscosity (160.59 ± 4.26 cps), dietary fiber (22.68 ± 0.97% on dry basis), total polyphenol recovery (95.15 ± 7.09%), and isoflavone content (4.42 ± 0.03 mg/g dry solid) of media-milled samples were greater than those of filtered ones. Aglycones, the most bioactive form of isoflavone, in autoclaved media-milled soymilk were more than 2-fold those in autoclaved filtered soymilk. With almost no okara generated, the media-milled soymilk retained fiber in soybeans which would be beneficial to human health.
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Homogeneity of ball milled ceramic powders: Effect of jar shape and milling conditions.
Broseghini, M; D'Incau, M; Gelisio, L; Pugno, N M; Scardi, P
2017-02-01
This paper contains data and supporting information of and complementary to the research article entitled " Effect of jar shape on high-energy planetary ball milling efficiency: simulations and experiments " (Broseghini et al.,) [1]. Calcium fluoride (CaF 2 ) was ground using two jars of different shape (cylindrical and half-moon) installed on a planetary ball-mill, exploring different operating conditions (jar-to-plate angular velocity ratio and milling time). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images and X-Ray Powder Diffraction data (XRPD) were collected to assess the effect of milling conditions on the end-product crystallite size. Due to the inhomogeneity of the end product, the Whole Powder Pattern Model (WPPM, (Scardi, 2008) [2]) analysis of XRPD data required the hypothesis of a bimodal distribution of sizes - respectively ground (fine fraction) and less-to-not ground (coarse fraction) - confirmed by SEM images and suggested by the previous literature (Abdellatief et al., 2013) [3,4]. Predominance of fine fraction clearly indicates optimal milling conditions.
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The FEM Simulation on End Mill of Plastic Doors and Windows Corner Cleaning Based on Deform-3D
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Guoping; Huang, Zhenyong; Wang, Xiaohui
2017-12-01
In the plastic doors and windows corner cleaning process, the rotating speed, the feed rate and the milling cutter diameter are the main factors that affect the efficiency and quality of the of corner cleaning. In this paper, SolidWorks will be used to establish the 3D model of end mills, and use Deform-3D to research the end mill milling process. And using orthogonal experiment design method to analyze the effect of rotating speed, the feed rate and the milling cutter diameter on the axial force variation, and to get the overall trend of axial force and the selection of various parameters according to the influence of axial force change. Finally, simulate milling experiment used to get the actual axial force data to verify the reliability of the FEM simulation model. And the conclusion obtained in this paper has important theoretical value in improving the plastic doors and windows corner cleaning efficiency and quality.
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Structure and magnetic properties of mechanically alloyed Co and Co-Ni
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guessasma, S.; Fenineche, N.
The influence of milling process on magnetic properties of Co and Co-Ni materials is studied. Coercivity, squareness ratio and crystallite size of mechanically alloyed Co-Ni material were related to milling time. For Co material, coercivity, cubic phase ratio and crystallite size were related to milling energy considering the vial and plateau rotation velocities. An artificial neural network (ANN) combining the parameters for both materials is used to predict magnetic and structure results versus milling conditions. Predicted results showed that milling energy is mostly dependent on the ratio vial to plateau rotation velocities and that milling times larger than 40 h do not add significant change to both structure and magnetic responses. Magnetic parameters were correlated to crystallite size and the D 6 law was only valid for small sizes.
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Purification of Tronoh Silica Sand via preliminary process of mechanical milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
H, Nazratulhuda; M, Othman
2016-02-01
The purification of Tronoh silica sand is an important step in expanding technical applications of this silica sand. However no research on purifying of Tronoh silica sand has been reported. This study is focused on ball milling technique as a preliminary technique for Tronoh silica sand purification. The objectives are to study the effect of ball milling to the purification of the silica sand and to analyze its characteristics after the ball milling process. The samples before and after milling process were analyzed by using XRF, XRD, SEM and TEM. Results showed that the purity of SiO2 was increased, the size of the particles has been reduced and the surface area has increased. The crystalline phases for the silica before and after 4 hour milling time were remained constant.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Raj K. Rajamani; Jose Angel Delgadillo
A research team from the University of Utah is working to make inroads into saving energy in these SAG mills. In 2003, Industries of the Future Program of the Department of Energy tasked the University of Utah team to build a partnership between the University and the mining industry for the specific purpose of reducing energy consumption in SAG mills. A partnership was formed with Cortez Gold Mines, Kennecott Utah Copper Corporation, Process Engineering Resources Inc. and Outokumpu Technology. In the current project, Cortez Gold Mines played a key role in facilitating the 26-ft SAG mill at Cortez as amore » test mill for this study. According to plant personnel, there were a number of unscheduled shut downs to repair broken liners and the mill throughput fluctuated depending on ore type. The University team had two softwares, Millsoft and FlowMod to tackle the problem. Millsoft is capable of simulating the motion of charge in the mill. FlowMod calculates the slurry flow through the grate and pulp lifters. Based on this data the two models were fine-tuned to fit the Cortez SAG will. In the summer of 2004 a new design of shell lifters were presented to Cortez and in September 2004 these lifters were installed in the SAG mill. By December 2004 Cortez Mines realized that the SAG mill is drawing approximately 236-kW less power than before while maintaining the same level of production. In the first month there was extreme cycling and operators had to learn more. Now the power consumption is 0.3-1.3 kWh/ton lower than before. The actual SAG mill power draw is 230-370 kW lower. Mill runs 1 rpm lesser in speed on the average. The recirculation to the cone crusher is reduced by 1-10%, which means more efficient grinding of critical size material is taking place in the mill. All of the savings have resulted in reduction of operating cost be about $0.023-$0.048/ ton. After completing the shell lifter design, the pulp lifter design was taken up. Through a series of mill surveys and model calculations it was figured that the radial pulp lifter installed on the mill had less than optimum discharge capacity. A number of alternative designs were evaluated. The final choice was the Turbo Pulp Lifter for which Outukumpu Technology, Centennial, Colorado had filed a patent. After installation of the pulp lifter a 22% increase in throughput rate from 344 stph to 421 stph was realized. A 35% decrease in the SAG mill power draw from 3,908 HP to 2,526 HP (2,915 kW to 1,884 kW) was recorded. This equates to a 47% decrease in SAG unit energy consumption from 8.98 kWh/ton to 4.74 kWh/ton. A 11% decrease in SAG mill speed was observed indicating optimized ball strikes. Also, the ball chip generation from the SAG mill was reduced considerably. Further more, a 7% decrease in ball mill power draw from 4,843 HP to 4,491 HP (3,613 kW to 3,350 kW) was observed. This equates to a 24% decrease in ball mill unit energy consumption from 11.13 kWh/ton to 8.43 kWh/ton.« less
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Preparation of MgB2 superconducting microbridges by focused ion beam direct milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Xuena; Li, Yanli; Xu, Zhuang; Kong, Xiangdong; Han, Li
2017-01-01
MgB2 superconducting microbridges were prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) direct milling on MgB2 films. The surface topography of the microbridges were observed using SEM and AFM and the superconductivity was measured in this paper. Lots of cracks and holes were found near the milled area. And the superconducting transition temperature was decreased a lot and the bridges prepared were not superconducting due to ion damage after milled with large dose. Through these works, we explored the effect regular of FIB milling and experimental parameters on the performance of microbridges.
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35. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Threeroll sugar mill, oneton ...
35. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Three-roll sugar mill, one-ton daily processing capacity. Manufactured by Edwin Maw, Liverpool, England, ca. 1855-1870. View: Bevel gear at lower end of vertical drive shaft in foreground turned bevel gear of top roll when the vertical drive shaft was in place in the brass-bearing socket in the middle ground of the photograph. The bolts above the top roll and at the side of the two bottom rolls adjusted the pressure and position of the rolls' brass bearings. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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Sprouse, Kenneth M.
2016-05-17
A biomass torrefaction system includes a mill which receives a raw biomass feedstock and operates at temperatures above 400 F (204 C) to generate a dusty flue gas which contains a milled biomass product.
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75 FR 78778 - Post Office Closing
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-16
... the closing of the Holmes Mill (Kentucky) Post Office has been filed. It identifies preliminary steps... Mill Post Office in Holmes Mill, Kentucky. The petition, which was filed by Dovie Hamblin (Petitioner...
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Performance of Color Camera Machine Vision in Automated Furniture Rough Mill Systems
D. Earl Kline; Agus Widoyoko; Janice K. Wiedenbeck; Philip A. Araman
1998-01-01
The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of color camera machine vision for lumber processing in a furniture rough mill. The study used 134 red oak boards to compare the performance of automated gang-rip-first rough mill yield based on a prototype color camera lumber inspection system developed at Virginia Tech with both estimated optimum rough mill...
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Performance review of the ROMI-RIP rough mill simulator
Edward Thomas; Urs Buehlmann
2003-01-01
The USDA Forest Service's ROMI-RIP version 2.0 (RR2) rough mill rip-first simulation program was validated in a recent study. The validation study found that when RR2 was set to search for optimum yield without considering actual rough mill strip solutions, it produced yields that were as much as 7 percent higher (71.1% versus 64.0%) than the actual rough mill....
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24. View of Botany Mills Lanolin Retrieval plant site looking ...
24. View of Botany Mills Lanolin Retrieval plant site looking north from Andrew McLean Company Textile Mill; Botany Worsted Mills and Dundee Canal at left, Passaic River at right - Dundee Canal Industrial Historic District, Beginning at George Street in Passaic & extending north along Dundee Canal approximately 1.2 miles to Canal headgates opposite East Clifton Avenue in Clifton, Passaic, Passaic County, NJ
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Hammond, Duane R.; Shulman, Stanley A.; Echt, Alan S.
2016-01-01
Asphalt pavement milling machines use a rotating cutter drum to remove the deteriorated road surface for recycling. The removal of the road surface has the potential to release respirable crystalline silica, to which workers can be exposed. This paper describes an evaluation of respirable crystalline silica exposures to the operator and ground worker from two different half-lane and larger asphalt pavement milling machines that had ventilation dust controls and water-sprays designed and installed by the manufacturers. Manufacturer A completed milling for eleven days at four highway construction sites in Wisconsin, while Manufacturer B completed milling for ten days at seven highway construction sites in Indiana. To evaluate the dust controls, full-shift personal breathing zone air samples were collected from an operator and ground worker during the course of normal employee work activities of asphalt pavement milling at eleven different sites. Forty-two personal breathing zone air samples were collected over 21 days (sampling on an operator and ground worker each day). All samples were below 50 µg/m3 for respirable crystalline silica, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit. The geometric mean personal breathing zone air sample was 6.2 µg/m3 for the operator and 6.1 µg/m3 for the ground worker for the Manufacturer A milling machine. The geometric mean personal breathing zone air sample was 4.2 µg/m3 for the operator and 9.0 µg/m3 for the ground worker for the Manufacturer B milling machine. In addition, upper 95% confidence limits for the mean exposure for each occupation were well below 50 µg/m3 for both studies. The silica content in the bulk asphalt material being milled ranged from 7% to 23% silica for roads milled by Manufacturer A and from 5% to 12% silica for roads milled by Manufacturer B. The results indicate that engineering controls consisting of ventilation controls in combination with water-sprays are capable of controlling occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica generated by asphalt pavement milling machines on highway construction sites. PMID:26913983
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Hammond, Duane R; Shulman, Stanley A; Echt, Alan S
2016-07-01
Asphalt pavement milling machines use a rotating cutter drum to remove the deteriorated road surface for recycling. The removal of the road surface has the potential to release respirable crystalline silica, to which workers can be exposed. This article describes an evaluation of respirable crystalline silica exposures to the operator and ground worker from two different half-lane and larger asphalt pavement milling machines that had ventilation dust controls and water-sprays designed and installed by the manufacturers. Manufacturer A completed milling for 11 days at 4 highway construction sites in Wisconsin, and Manufacturer B completed milling for 10 days at 7 highway construction sites in Indiana. To evaluate the dust controls, full-shift personal breathing zone air samples were collected from an operator and ground worker during the course of normal employee work activities of asphalt pavement milling at 11 different sites. Forty-two personal breathing zone air samples were collected over 21 days (sampling on an operator and ground worker each day). All samples were below 50 µg/m(3) for respirable crystalline silica, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health recommended exposure limit. The geometric mean personal breathing zone air sample was 6.2 µg/m(3) for the operator and 6.1 µg/m(3) for the ground worker for the Manufacturer A milling machine. The geometric mean personal breathing zone air sample was 4.2 µg/m(3) for the operator and 9.0 µg/m(3) for the ground worker for the Manufacturer B milling machine. In addition, upper 95% confidence limits for the mean exposure for each occupation were well below 50 µg/m(3) for both studies. The silica content in the bulk asphalt material being milled ranged from 7-23% silica for roads milled by Manufacturer A and from 5-12% silica for roads milled by Manufacturer B. The results indicate that engineering controls consisting of ventilation controls in combination with water-sprays are capable of controlling occupational exposures to respirable crystalline silica generated by asphalt pavement milling machines on highway construction sites.
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Occupational hearing loss of market mill workers in the city of Accra, Ghana.
Kitcher, Emmanuel D; Ocansey, Grace; Abaidoo, Benjamin; Atule, Alidu
2014-01-01
Noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) is an irreversible sensorineural hearing loss associated with exposure to high levels of excessive noise. Prevention measures are not well established in developing countries. This comparative cross sectional study aims to determine the prevalence of hearing loss in both a group of high risk workers and a control group and to assess their knowledge of the effects of noise on hearing health. A total of 101 market mill workers and 103 controls employed within markets in the city of Accra, Ghana, were evaluated using a structured questionnaire and pure tone audiometry. The questionnaire assessed factors including self-reported hearing loss, tinnitus, knowledge on the effects of noise on hearing health and the use of hearing protective devices. Pure tone audiometric testing was conducted for both mill workers and controls. Noise levels at the work premises of the mill workers and controls were measured. Symptoms of hearing loss were reported by 24 (23.76%) and 8 (7.7%) mill workers and controls respectively. Fifty-five (54.5%) and fifty-four (52.37%) mill workers and controls exhibited knowledge of the effects of noise on hearing health. Five (5.0%) mill workers used hearing protective devices. There was significant sensorineural hearing loss and the presence of a 4 kHz audiometric notch among mill workers when compared with controls for the mean thresholds of 2 kHz, 3 kHz and 4 kHz (P = 0. 001). The prevalence of hearing loss in the better hearing ears of the mill workers and controls was 24.8% and 4.8% respectively (P < 0.5). The prevalence of hearing loss, which may be characteristic of NIHL in the better hearing ears of the mill workers and controls was 24.8% and 4.8% respectively. The majority of mill workers did not use hearing protection.
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Stolle, Achim; Schmidt, Robert; Jacob, Katharina
2014-01-01
The scale-up of the Knoevenagel-condensation between vanillin and barbituric acid carried out in planetary ball mills is investigated from an engineering perspective. Generally, the reaction proceeded in the solid state without intermediate melting and afforded selectively only one product. The reaction has been used as a model to analyze the influence and relationship of different parameters related to operation in planetary ball mills. From the viewpoint of technological parameters the milling ball diameter, dMB, the filling degree with respect to the milling balls' packing, ΦMB,packing, and the filling degree of the substrates with respect to the void volume of the milling balls' packing, ΦGS, have been investigated at different reaction scales. It was found that milling balls with small dMB lead to higher yields within shorter reaction time, treaction, or lower rotation frequency, rpm. Thus, the lower limit is set considering the technology which is available for the separation of the milling balls from the product after the reaction. Regarding ΦMB,packing, results indicate that the optimal value is roughly 50% of the total milling beakers' volume, VB,total, independent of the reaction scale or reaction conditions. Thus, 30% of VB,total are taken by the milling balls. Increase of the initial batch sizes changes ΦGS significantly. However, within the investigated parameter range no negative influence on the yield was observed. Up to 50% of VB,total can be taken over by the substrates in addition to 30% for the total milling ball volume. Scale-up factors of 15 and 11 were realized considering the amount of substrates and the reactor volume, respectively. Beside technological parameters, variables which influence the process itself, treaction and rpm, were investigated also. Variation of those allowed to fine-tune the reaction conditions in order to maximize the yield and minimize the energy intensity.
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75 FR 74109 - Post Office Closing
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-30
... the closing of the Graves Mill, Virginia post office has been filed. It identifies preliminary steps... the Graves Mill Post Office located in Graves Mill, Virginia. The petition, which was filed by Douglas...
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Influence of in situ and ex situ ZrO2 addition on the properties of MgB2
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chen, S. K.; Glowacki, B. A.; MacManus-Driscoll, J. L.; Vickers, M. E.; Majoros, M.
2004-02-01
The effect of ZrO2 addition on the properties of MgB2 has been studied using in situ and ex situ processes. The in situ process was performed by introducing ZrO2 from the milling tools into MgB2 throughout the planetary ball milling, whereas the ex situ process was accomplished by mixing ZrO2 from the milling tools with MgB2 by hand grinding in a mortar. A detectable amount of ZrO2 was present in MgB2 after 4 h of milling during the in situ process and its content increased with milling time as expected. The 400 h milled powder was partially amorphized and showed the formation of a minority ZrB2 phase. For milling up to 100 h, diamagnetism of MgB2 was significantly reduced while Tc remained unchanged. Superconductivity was totally destroyed after 148 h of milling. The loss of superconductivity is attributed to the effect of disordering induced by mechanical milling. As a result of in situ ZrO2 addition, the initial Tc and crystal structure of MgB2 could not be restored upon annealing. With increasing milling time, the expansion of lattice parameters in both the a-axis and c-axis may be due to possible substitution of Mg or B by Zr. The result from the magnetic measurement shows that Jc of MgB2 is deteriorated by in situ ZrO2 addition. On the other hand, ex situ ZrO2 addition with annealing did not degrade the Tc of MgB2.
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Energy use pattern in rice milling industries-a critical appraisal.
Goyal, S K; Jogdand, S V; Agrawal, A K
2014-11-01
Rice milling industry is one of the most energy consuming industries. Like capital, labour and material, energy is one of the production factors which used to produce final product. In economical term, energy is demand-derived goods and can be regarded as intermediate good whose demand depends on the demand of final product. This paper deals with various types of energy pattern used in rice milling industries viz., thermal energy, mechanical energy, electrical energy and human energy. The important utilities in a rice mill are water, air, steam, electricity and labour. In a rice mill some of the operations are done manually namely, cleaning, sun drying, feeding paddy to the bucket elevators, weighing and packaging, etc. So the man-hours are also included in energy accounting. Water is used for soaking and steam generation. Electricity is the main energy source for these rice mills and is imported form the state electricity board grids. Electricity is used to run motors, pumps, blowers, conveyors, fans, lights, etc. The variations in the consumption rate of energy through the use of utilities during processing must also accounted for final cost of the finished product. The paddy milling consumes significant quantity of fuels and electricity. The major energy consuming equipments in the rice milling units are; boilers and steam distribution, blowers, pumps, conveyers, elevators, motors, transmission systems, weighing, etc. Though, wide variety of technologies has been evolved for efficient use of energy for various equipments of rice mills, so far, only a few have improved their energy efficiency levels. Most of the rice mills use old and locally available technologies and are also completely dependent on locally available technical personnel.
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PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING EAST. SUPERVISORS OFFICE AND ...
PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING EAST. SUPERVISORS OFFICE AND OVERHEAD MONORAIL TRACK ARE VISIBLE. - Southern Pacific, Sacramento Shops, Planing Mill, 111 I Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA
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PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING WEST. A WHEEL BORING ...
PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING WEST. A WHEEL BORING MACHINE AND SUPERVISORS OFFICE ARE VISIBLE. - Southern Pacific, Sacramento Shops, Planing Mill, 111 I Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA
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Ultra-high aspect ratio replaceable AFM tips using deformation-suppressed focused ion beam milling.
Savenko, Alexey; Yildiz, Izzet; Petersen, Dirch Hjorth; Bøggild, Peter; Bartenwerfer, Malte; Krohs, Florian; Oliva, Maria; Harzendorf, Torsten
2013-11-22
Fabrication of ultra-high aspect ratio exchangeable and customizable tips for atomic force microscopy (AFM) using lateral focused ion beam (FIB) milling is presented. While on-axis FIB milling does allow high aspect ratio (HAR) AFM tips to be defined, lateral milling gives far better flexibility in terms of defining the shape and size of the tip. Due to beam-induced deformation, it has so far not been possible to define HAR structures using lateral FIB milling. In this work we obtain aspect ratios of up to 45, with tip diameters down to 9 nm, by a deformation-suppressing writing strategy. Several FIB milling strategies for obtaining sharper tips are discussed. Finally, assembly of the HAR tips on a custom-designed probe as well as the first AFM scanning is shown.
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Processing study of high temperature superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O ceramics
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Safari, A.; Wachtman, J.B. Jr.; Ward, C.
Processing of the YBa{sub 2}Cu{sub 3}O{sub 6+x} superconducting phase by employing different precursor powder preparation techniques (ball milling, attrition milling) and samples formed by different sintering conditions are discussed. The superconducting phase has been identified by powder x-ray diffraction. The effect of different powder processing and pressing conditions on the structure, density, resistivity and a.c. magnetic susceptibility were studied. Though there is no variation in T{sub c} for all the samples, attrition milled samples show a much lower resistance and less temperature dependence compared to ball milled samples above the superconducting transition temperature up to room temperature. Ball milled samplesmore » were loosely packed with more voids compared to attrition milled samples which are more densely packed with a needle-like structure.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Omran, Abdel-Nasser; Woo, Kee-Do; Lee, Hyun Bom
2012-12-01
A developed Ti-35 pct Nb-2.5 pct Sn (wt pct) alloy was synthesized by mechanical alloying using high-energy ball-milled powders, and the powder consolidation was done by pulsed current activated sintering (PCAS). The starting powder materials were mixed for 24 hours and then milled by high-energy ball milling (HEBM) for 1, 4, and 12 hours. The bulk solid samples were fabricated by PCAS at 1073 K to 1373 K (800 °C to 1100 °C) for a short time, followed by rapid cooling to 773 K (500 °C). The relative density of the sintered samples was about 93 pct. The Ti was completely transformed from α to β-Ti phase after milling for 12 hours in powder state, and the specimen sintered at 1546 K (1273 °C) was almost transformed to β-Ti phase. The homogeneity of the sintered specimen increased with increasing milling time and sintering temperature, as did its hardness, reaching 400 HV after 12 hours of milling. The Young's modulus was almost constant for all sintered Ti-35 pct Nb-2.5 pct Sn specimens at different milling times. The Young's modulus was low (63.55 to 65.3 GPa) compared to that of the standard alloy of Ti-6Al-4V (100 GPa). The wear resistance of the sintered specimen increased with increasing milling time. The 12-hour milled powder exhibited the best wear resistance.
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Industrial recovered-materials-utilization targets for the textile-mill-products industry
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None
1979-01-01
The Congress, in the National Energy Conservation and Policy Act of 1978 (NECPA), directed the Department of Energy to establish materials recovery targets for the metals and metal products, paper and allied products, rubber, and textile-mill-products industries. The targets were developed to provide incentives for using energy-saving recorded materials and to provied a yardstick for measuring progress and improvement in this endeavor. The NECPA indicates that the targets should represent the maximum technically and economically feasible increase in the use of energy-saving recovered materials that each industry can achieve progressively by January 1, 1987. Materials affected by recovered-materials targets includemore » and are limited to aluminum, copper, lead, zinc, iron, steel, paper and associated products, textile-mill, products, and rubber. Using information gathered from the textile-mill-products industry and from other textile-relaed sources, DOE has developed recovered materials targets for that industry. This report presents those targets and their basis and justification. Following an overview of the textile industry, the chapters are: Textile-Mill-Products Industry Operations; Economic Analysis of the Textile-Mill-Products Industry; Governmental and Regulatory Influence on the US Textile Industry; Current Mill Use of Recovered Materials in the Textile-Mill-Products Industry; Limitations on the Use of Recovered Materials in the US Textile-Mill-Products Industry; Materials-Recovery Targets; and Government and Industry Actions That Could Increase the Use of Recovered Materials.« less
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33 CFR 165.150 - New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac River, Mill River.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... River, Mill River. 165.150 Section 165.150 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... New Haven Harbor, Quinnipiac River, Mill River. (a) The following is a regulated navigation area: The... 303°T to point D at the west bank of the mouth of the Mill River 41°18′05″ N, 72°54′23″ W thence south...
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Hardwood Face Veneer and Plywood Mill Closures in Michigan and Wisconsin Since 1950
Lewis T. Hendricks
1966-01-01
In recent years there has been a great deal of concern about the closure of numberous hardwood face veneer and plywood mills in Michigan and Wisconsin. As part of an overall study of that industry in the northern Lake States region, the basic reasons leading to the closure of these mills were investigated. In the past 15 years, there have been eight known mill...
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West Virginia timber industry: an assessment of timber product output and use, 2007
Ronald J. Piva; Gregory W. Cook
2011-01-01
In 2007, there were 116 primary wood-processing mills in West Virginia, 60 fewer mills than in 2000. These mills processed 172.9 million cubic feet of industrial roundwood, of which 138.8 million cubic feet was harvested from the State. Another 50.5 million cubic feet of the industrial roundwood harvested in West Virginia was sent to primary wood-processing mills in...
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Wheat Fields, Flour Mills, and Railroads: A Web of Interdependence. Teaching with Historic Places.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Koman, Rita G.
By 1860 much of the beauty of St. Anthony Falls in Minneapolis (Minnesota) had been destroyed, as mills on both sides of the river used the power of the falls to turn millions of bushels of wheat into flour. Steel rails linked bonanza farms hundreds of miles to the west to the mills. The mills, the farms, and the railroads depended on each other…
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Design and Testing of UMM Vertical Ball Mill (UVBM) for producing Aluminium Powder
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Aisyah, I. S.; Caesarendra, Wahyu; Suprihanto, Agus
2018-04-01
UMM Vertical Ball Mill (UVBM) was intended to be the apparatus to produce metal powder with superior characteristic in production rate while retaining good quality of metal powder. The concept of design was adopting design theory of Phal and Beitz with emphasis on increasing of probability of success in engineering and economy aspects.Since it was designed as vertical ball mill, a new way to produce powder, then it need to be tested for the performance after manufactured. The test on UVBM was carried out by milling of aluminium chip for 5 (five) different milling time of 0.5 hours, 1 hour, 3 hours, 5 hours and 7 hours, and the powder product then be characterized for it morphology and size using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Sieve.The results of the study were the longer of the milling time, the finer of the powder. From the test results of SEM, the morphology of the powder with 5 variations of milling time were most of the powder in form of flake (flat), small round and angular (irregular). The distribution of powder size was best obtained on the variation of milling time 3 hours, 5 hours, and 7 hours with percentage of 200 mesh in size of 22.14 %, 64 % and 91.25 % respectively.
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Formulation of a dry powder influenza vaccine for nasal delivery.
Garmise, Robert J; Mar, Kevin; Crowder, Timothy M; Hwang, C Robin; Ferriter, Matthew; Huang, Juan; Mikszta, John A; Sullivan, Vincent J; Hickey, Anthony J
2006-03-10
The purpose of this research was to prepare a dry powder vaccine formulation containing whole inactivated influenza virus (WIIV) and a mucoadhesive compound suitable for nasal delivery. Powders containing WIIV and either lactose or trehalose were produced by lyophilization. A micro-ball mill was used to reduce the lyophilized cake to sizes suitable for nasal delivery. Chitosan flakes were reduced in size using a cryo-milling technique. Milled powders were sieved between 45 and 125 microm aggregate sizes and characterized for particle size and distribution, morphology, and flow properties. Powders were blended in the micro-ball mill without the ball. Lyophilization followed by milling produced irregularly shaped, polydisperse particles with a median primary particle diameter of approximately 21 microm and a yield of approximately 37% of particles in the 45 to 125 microm particle size range. Flow properties of lactose and trehalose powders after lyophilization followed by milling and sieving were similar. Cryo-milling produced a small yield of particles in the desired size range (<10%). Lyophilization followed by milling and sieving produced particles suitable for nasal delivery with different physicochemical properties as a function of processing conditions and components of the formulation. Further optimization of particle size and morphology is required for these powders to be suitable for clinical evaluation.
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Chen, Yiqin; Bi, Kaixi; Wang, Qianjin; Zheng, Mengjie; Liu, Qing; Han, Yunxin; Yang, Junbo; Chang, Shengli; Zhang, Guanhua; Duan, Huigao
2016-12-27
Focused ion beam (FIB) milling is a versatile maskless and resistless patterning technique and has been widely used for the fabrication of inverse plasmonic structures such as nanoholes and nanoslits for various applications. However, due to its subtractive milling nature, it is an impractical method to fabricate isolated plasmonic nanoparticles and assemblies which are more commonly adopted in applications. In this work, we propose and demonstrate an approach to reliably and rapidly define plasmonic nanoparticles and their assemblies using FIB milling via a simple "sketch and peel" strategy. Systematic experimental investigations and mechanism studies reveal that the high reliability of this fabrication approach is enabled by a conformally formed sidewall coating due to the ion-milling-induced redeposition. Particularly, we demonstrated that this strategy is also applicable to the state-of-the-art helium ion beam milling technology, with which high-fidelity plasmonic dimers with tiny gaps could be directly and rapidly prototyped. Because the proposed approach enables rapid and reliable patterning of arbitrary plasmonic nanostructures that are not feasible to fabricate via conventional FIB milling process, our work provides the FIB milling technology an additional nanopatterning capability and thus could greatly increase its popularity for utilization in fundamental research and device prototyping.
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Hemalatha, P; Bomzan, Dikki Pedenla; Sathyendra Rao, B V; Sreerama, Yadahally N
2016-05-15
Whole grain quinoa and its milled fractions were evaluated for their phenolic composition in relation to their antioxidant properties and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. Compositional analysis by HPLC-DAD showed that the distribution of phenolic compounds in quinoa is not entirely localised in the outer layers of the kernel. Milling of whole grain quinoa resulted in about 30% loss of total phenolic content in milled grain. Ferulic and vanillic acids were the principal phenolic acids and rutin and quercetin were predominant flavonoids detected in whole grain and milled fractions. Quinoa milled fractions exhibited numerous antioxidant activities. Despite having relatively lower phenolic contents, dehulled and milled grain fractions showed significantly (p ⩽ 0.05) higher metal chelating activity than other fractions. Furthermore, extracts of bran and hull fractions displayed strong inhibition towards α-amylase [IC50, 108.68 μg/ml (bran) and 148.23 μg/ml (hulls)] and α-glucosidase [IC50, 62.1 μg/ml (bran) and 68.14 μg/ml (hulls)] activities. Thus, whole grain quinoa and its milled fractions may serve as functional food ingredients in gluten-free foods for promoting health. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Warde, C. J.; Ruka, R. J.; Isenberg, A. O.
1976-01-01
A parametric assessment of four fuel cell power systems -- based on phosphoric acid, potassium hydroxide, molten carbonate, and stabilized zirconia -- has shown that the most important parameters for electricity-cost reduction and/or efficiency improvement standpoints are fuel cell useful life and power density, use of a waste-heat recovery system, and fuel type. Typical capital costs, overall energy efficiencies (based on the heating value of the coal used to produce the power plant fuel), and electricity costs are: phosphoric acid $350-450/kWe, 24-29%, and 11.7 to 13.9 mills/MJ (42 to 50 mills/kWh); alkaline $450-700/kWe, 26-31%, and 12.8 to 16.9 mills/MJ (46 to 61 mills/kWh); molten carbonate $480-650/kWe, 32-46%, and 10.6 to 19.4 mills/MJ (38 to 70 mills/kWh), stabilized zirconia $420-950/kWe, 26-53%, and 9.7 to 16.9 mills/MJ (35 to 61 mills/kWh). Three types of fuel cell power plants -- solid electrolytic with steam bottoming, molten carbonate with steam bottoming, and solid electrolyte with an integrated coal gasifier -- are recommended for further study.
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Kobayashi, Makiko; Hattori, Yusuke; Sasaki, Tetsuo; Otsuka, Makoto
2017-01-01
The purposes of this study were to clarify the amorphization by ball milling of atorvastatin calcium sesquihydrate (AT) and to analyse the change in dissolution kinetics. The amorphous AT was prepared from crystal AT by ball milling and analysed in terms of the changes of its physicochemical properties by powder X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), thermal analysis and infrared spectroscopy (IR). Moreover, to evaluate the usefulness of the amorphous form for pharmaceutical development, intrinsic solubility of the ground product was evaluated using a dissolution kinetic method. The XRD results indicated that crystalline AT was transformed into amorphous solids by more than 30-min milling. The thermal analysis result suggested that chemical potential of the ground AT are changed significantly by milling. The IR spectra of the AT showed the band shift from the amide group at 3406 cm -1 with an intermolecular hydrogen bond to a free amide group at 3365 cm -1 by milling. The dissolution of amorphous AT follows a dissolution kinetic model involving phase transformation. The initial dissolution rate of the ground product increased with the increase in milling time to reflect the increase in the intrinsic solubility based on the amorphous state. © 2016 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.
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Fuentes, Eduardo; Alarcón, Marcelo; Fuentes, Manuel; Carrasco, Gilda; Palomo, Iván
2014-01-01
Background: Epidemiological studies have shown the prevention of cardiovascular diseases through the regular consumption of vegetables. Eruca sativa Mill., commonly known as rocket, is a leafy vegetable that has anti-inflammatory activity. However, its antiplatelet and antithrombotic activities have not been described. Methods: Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract (0.1 to 1 mg/mL), was evaluated on human platelets: (i) P-selectin expression by flow cytometry; (ii) platelet aggregation induced by ADP, collagen and arachidonic acid; (iii) IL-1β, TGF-β1, CCL5 and thromboxane B2 release; and (iv) activation of NF-κB and PKA by western blot. Furthermore, (v) antithrombotic activity (200 mg/kg) and (vi) bleeding time in murine models were evaluated. Results: Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract (0.1 to 1 mg/mL) inhibited P-selectin expression and platelet aggregation induced by ADP. The release of platelet inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, TGF-β1, CCL5 and thromboxane B2) induced by ADP was inhibited by Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract. Furthermore, Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract inhibited NF-κB activation. Finally, in murine models, Eruca sativa Mill. aqueous extract showed significant antithrombotic activity and a slight effect on bleeding time. Conclusion: Eruca sativa Mill. presents antiplatelet and antithrombotic activity. PMID:25514563
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Enhanced Magnetic Properties of Nd15Fe77B8 Alloy Powders Produced by Melt-Spinning Technique
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Öztürk, Sultan; İcin, Kürşat; Öztürk, Bülent; Topal, Uğur; Odabaşı, Hülya Kaftelen; Göbülük, Metin; Cora, Ömer Necati
2017-10-01
Rapidly solidified Nd15Fe77B8 alloy powders were produced by means of melt-spinning method in high-vacuum atmosphere to achieve improved magnetic and thermal properties. To this goal, a vacuum milling apparatus was designed and constructed to ball-mill the melt-spun powders in a surfactant active atmosphere. Various milling times were experimented to reveal the effect of the milling time on the mean particle size and other size-dependent properties such as magnetism and Curie temperature. Grain structure, cooling rate, and phase structure of the produced powders were also investigated. The Curie points shifted to higher temperatures from the ingot condition to surfactant active ball-milling and the values for Nd15Fe77B8 ingot alloy, melt-spun powders, and surfactant active ball-milled powders were 552 K, 595 K, and 604 K (279 °C, 322 °C, and 331 °C), respectively. It was noted that the surfactant active ball-milling process improved the magnetic and thermal properties of melt-spun Nd15Fe77B8 alloy powders. Compared to relevant literature, the coercivity of powders increased significantly with increasing milling time and decreasing in powder size. The coercivity value as high as 3427 kA m-1 was obtained.
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Defect induced electronic states and magnetism in ball-milled graphite.
Milev, Adriyan; Dissanayake, D M A S; Kannangara, G S K; Kumarasinghe, A R
2013-10-14
The electronic structure and magnetism of nanocrystalline graphite prepared by ball milling of graphite in an inert atmosphere have been investigated using valence band spectroscopy (VB), core level near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy and magnetic measurements as a function of the milling time. The NEXAFS spectroscopy of graphite milled for 30 hours shows simultaneous evolution of new states at ~284.0 eV and at ~290.5 eV superimposed upon the characteristic transitions at 285.4 eV and 291.6 eV, respectively. The modulation of the density of states is explained by evolution of discontinuities within the sheets and along the fracture lines in the milled graphite. The magnetic measurements in the temperature interval 2-300-2 K at constant magnetic field strength show a correlation between magnetic properties and evolution of the new electronic states. With the reduction of the crystallite sizes of the graphite fragments, the milled material progressively changes its magnetic properties from diamagnetic to paramagnetic with contributions from both Pauli and Curie paramagnetism due to the evolution of new states at ~284 and ~290.5 eV, respectively. These results indicate that the magnetic behaviour of ball-milled graphite can be manipulated by changing the milling conditions.
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Effect of milling and leaching on the structure of sintered silicon
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Yeh, H. C.; Glasgow, T. K.; Herbell, T. P.
1980-01-01
The effects of attrition milling and acid leaching on the sintering behavior and the resultant structures of two commercial silicon powders were investigated. Sintering was performed in He for 16 hours at 1200, 1250, and 1300 C. Compacts of as-received Si did not densify during sintering. Milling reduced the average particle size to below 0.5 microns and enhanced densification (1.75 g/cc). Leaching milled Si further enhanced densification (1.90 g/cc max.) and decreased structural coarsening. After sintering, the structure of the milled and leached powder compacts appears favorable for the production of reaction bonded silicon nitride.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Krishnan, Vinoadh Kumar; Sinnaeruvadi, Kumaran
2016-10-01
Vanadium metal powders, ball milled with different surfactants viz., stearic acid, KCl and NaCl, have been studied by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The surfactants alter the microstructural and morphological characteristics of the powders. Ball milling with stearic acid results in solid-state amorphization, while powders milled with KCl yield vanadium-tungsten carbide nanocomposite mixtures. NaCl proved to be an excellent surfactant for obtaining nanostructured fusion-grade vanadium powders. In order to understand the reaction mechanism behind any interstitial addition in the ball-milled powders, CHNOS analysis was performed.
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Oxide dispersion strengthened nickel produced by nonreactive milling
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Arias, A.
1976-01-01
It is shown that oxide dispersion strengthened alloys can be produced by a postulated nonreactive milling mechanism whereby the dispersoid is trapped at the interface between welding metal powder particles. This interparticle welding is possible because, without a suitable and sufficiently vigorous chemical reaction between the metal powder particles and the milling fluid, no protective, weld-preventing reaction coating is formed on these particles. Using water as the nonreactive milling fluid, Ni - 1.8-vol % thoria and Ni - 1.8-vol % yttria alloys with 1093 C tensile strengths ranging from 122.3 to 141.5 MN/sq m (17,900 to 20,500 psi) were produced by nonreactive milling.
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14. VIEW OF CEDAR MILL CREEK TRESTLE FROM TRESTLE OVER ...
14. VIEW OF CEDAR MILL CREEK TRESTLE FROM TRESTLE OVER CEDAR MILL CREEK ON SPUR LINE, FACING SOUTHWEST - Oregon Electric Railway Westside Corridor, Between Watson & 185th Avenues, Beaverton, Washington County, OR
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1. LOOKING WEST ON LEHIGH CANAL, GRAPHITE MILL IN FOREGROUND ...
1. LOOKING WEST ON LEHIGH CANAL, GRAPHITE MILL IN FOREGROUND - Pettinos Brothers Graphite Manufacturing Mill, On Sand Island, south side of Lehigh Canal, west of Hill-to-Hill Bridge, Bethlehem, Northampton County, PA
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
O'Neill, G. Patrick
1991-01-01
Alerts counselors to the problem of the diploma mills in the hopes that they will caution students seeking studies abroad. Describes types of diploma mills and how to spot them. Discusses the difference between "authorized" and "accredited." (Author/ABL)
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5. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 10, ...
5. Historic American Buildings Survey James Rainey, Photographer May 10, 1936 GRINDING PLATFORM, VIEW OF INTERIOR LOOKING WEST - Old Town Mill, Mill Brook, near Mill Street, New London, New London County, CT
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Evaluation of E-Krete for rut filling.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2003-03-01
Wheel path rutting in asphalt pavements presents a serious problem for highway agencies : worldwide. There are several ways to rehabilitate rutted asphalt pavements, including milling by : itself, milling and overlay, overlay without milling, and rut...
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2. View looking northeast at Dixie Cotton Mill warehouses. Note ...
2. View looking northeast at Dixie Cotton Mill warehouses. Note firestops between sections of the building to prevent fire from spreading. - Dixie Cotton Mill, Warehouses, 710 Greenville Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA
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4. View of castiron sugar kettle with mill ruins in ...
4. View of cast-iron sugar kettle with mill ruins in background, looking S. - Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation, Sugar Mill, 2 miles South of Thibodaux on State Route 308, Thibodaux, Lafourche Parish, LA
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SUGAR BIN WITH EAST WALL OF CRUSHING MILL TO ITS ...
SUGAR BIN WITH EAST WALL OF CRUSHING MILL TO ITS RIGHT. CONVEYOR FROM BOILING HOUSE ABOVE. VIEW FROM THE NORTHEAST - Kekaha Sugar Company, Sugar Mill Building, 8315 Kekaha Road, Kekaha, Kauai County, HI
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17. Woodworking Mill (basement): view looking north showing Ames Iron ...
17. Woodworking Mill (basement): view looking north showing Ames Iron Works steam boiler; note turbine control handle in middle right of photo - Ben Thresher's Mill, State Aid No. 1, Barnet, Caledonia County, VT
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Rollinson, Andrew N.
2016-01-01
This article tells the story of engineering and technology at Castleford Water Mills from the seventeenth century to the twentieth century through the presentation of recently discovered design plans and deeds, supplemented by other historical research. One of Castleford's mills was operated by Dr Thomas Allinson's Natural Food Company and therefore retained stoneground milling when fashions for white flour prompted other mills to switch to roller systems. The millstones were powered by a high-efficiency breastshot wheel, believed to be the last of its type taken out of industrial service in Britain. Many of its features, and its subsequent longevity, can be attributed to the influential works of William Fairbairn and John Smeaton. Detailed colour designs show the construction specifications of this water-wheel and its civil housing, along with other engineering plans such as a previously unrecorded Henry Simon horizontal turbine. Links with John Smeaton and the entry in his catalogue of designs for Castleford Oil Mill are also explored, and a former flood mill is identified at the site.
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Gobi, K; Vadivelu, V M
2014-06-01
Aerobic dynamic feeding (ADF) strategy was applied in sequencing batch reactor (SBR) to accumulate polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) in aerobic granules. The aerobic granules were able to remove 90% of the COD from palm oil mill effluent (POME). The volatile fatty acids (VFAs) in the POME are the sole source of the PHA accumulation. In this work, 100% removal of propionic and butyric acids in the POME were observed. The highest amount of PHA produced in aerobic granules was 0.6833mgPHA/mgbiomass. The PHA formed was identified as a P (hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) P (HB-co-HV). Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Functional Stability of a Mixed Microbial Consortium Producing PHA From Waste Carbon Sources
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
David N. Thompson; Erik R. Coats; William A. Smith
2006-04-01
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent an environmentally-effective alternative to synthetic thermoplastics; however, current production practices are not sustainable. In this study, PHA production was accomplished in sequencing batch bioreactors utilizing real wastewaters and mixed microbial consortia from municipal activated sludge as inoculum. Polymer production reached 85%, 53%, and 10% of the cell dry weight from methanol-enriched pulp-and-paper mill foul condensate, fermented municipal primary solids, and biodiesel wastewater, respectively. Employing denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S-rDNA from PCR-amplified DNA extracts, distinctly different communities were observed between and within wastewaters following enrichment. Most importantly, functional stability was maintained despite differing and contrasting microbial populations.
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Functional Stability of a Mixed Microbial Consortium Producing PHA From Waste Carbon Sources
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Coats, Erik R.; Loge, Frank J.; Smith, William A.; Thompson, David N.; Wolcott, Michael P.
Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) represent an environmentally effective alternative to synthetic thermoplastics; however, current production practices are not sustainable. In this study, PHA production was accomplished in sequencing batch bioreactors utilizing real wastewaters and mixed microbial consortia from municipal activated sludge as inoculum. Polymer production reached 85, 53, and 10% of the cell dry weight from methanol-enriched pulp and paper mill foul condensate, fermented municipal primary solids, and biodiesel wastewater, respectively. Using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis of 16S-rDNA from polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA extracts, distinctly different communities were observed between and within wastewaters following enrichment. Most importantly, functional stability was maintained despite differing and contrasting microbial populations.
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4. VIEW OF RUINS OF FINE ORE MILL (FEATURE 20), ...
4. VIEW OF RUINS OF FINE ORE MILL (FEATURE 20), FACING SOUTHEAST. - Copper Canyon Camp of the International Smelting & Refining Company, Ruins of the Fine Ore Mill, Copper Canyon, Battle Mountain, Lander County, NV
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25. View of chimney with mill wall ruins in background ...
25. View of chimney with mill wall ruins in background looking S. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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1. VIEW NORTH OF PARADISE MILL FOUNDATION AND TAILINGS (FEATURE ...
1. VIEW NORTH OF PARADISE MILL FOUNDATION AND TAILINGS (FEATURE P-7). PHOTO TAKEN FROM MERCURY RETORT. (OCTOBER, 1995) - McCormick Group Mine, Paradise Mill, East slope of Buckskin Mountain, Paradise Valley, Humboldt County, NV
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13. VIEW FROM CEDAR MILL CREEK TRESTLE NEAR MERLO ROAD ...
13. VIEW FROM CEDAR MILL CREEK TRESTLE NEAR MERLO ROAD TOWARD TRESTLE ON SPUR TRACK OVER CEDAR MILL CREEK, FACING NORTHEAST - Oregon Electric Railway Westside Corridor, Between Watson & 185th Avenues, Beaverton, Washington County, OR
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1. EXTERIOR VIEW OF BUILDING THAT HOUSES THE HOT ROLL ...
1. EXTERIOR VIEW OF BUILDING THAT HOUSES THE HOT ROLL MILL, ALSO KNOWN AS THE NO. 31 HOT ROLL MILL; LOOKING SOUTHWEST - American Brass Company, Kenosha Works, Hot Roll Mill, Kenosha, Kenosha County, WI
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VIEW OF ONESTAMP MILL WITH RANCH HOUSE AT REAR (See ...
VIEW OF ONE-STAMP MILL WITH RANCH HOUSE AT REAR (See HABS No. CA-2347, DESERT QUEEN RANCH, for further documentation) - Desert Queen Ranch, One Stamp Gold Mill, Twentynine Palms, San Bernardino County, CA
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29. VIEW OF MILL FROM WEST. SHOWS SECONDARY THICKENER No. ...
29. VIEW OF MILL FROM WEST. SHOWS SECONDARY THICKENER No. 7 TANK FLOOR FRAMING AND CENTRAL MECHANISM AT CENTER. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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2. EXTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING MESTACORLISS CROSSCOMPOUND ENGINE, FOR ...
2. EXTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING MESTA-CORLISS CROSS-COMPOUND ENGINE, FOR 40" BLOOMING MILL - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH
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1. EXTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING UNITEDTOD TWINTANDEM ENGINE, FOR ...
1. EXTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING UNITED-TOD TWIN-TANDEM ENGINE, FOR 40" BLOOMING MILL - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH
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84. Mabry Mill. The varying roof lines and siding gives ...
84. Mabry Mill. The varying roof lines and siding gives the mill an interesting texture, increasing its photogenic value. Looking north. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC
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253. Mabry Mill. The varying roof lines and siding gives ...
253. Mabry Mill. The varying roof lines and siding gives the mill an interesting texture, increasing its photogenic value. Looking north. - Blue Ridge Parkway, Between Shenandoah National Park & Great Smoky Mountains, Asheville, Buncombe County, NC
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4. VIEW OF WEST ELEVATION OF MILL (LEFT), AND PICKER ...
4. VIEW OF WEST ELEVATION OF MILL (LEFT), AND PICKER HOUSE PORTION OF WAREHOUSE STRUCTURE (RIGHT) FROM NORTH/NORTHWEST. COTTON BALES WERE OPENED ON THE GROUND FLOOR OF THE PICKER HOUSE, FINISHER PICKERS WERE LOCATED ON THE SECOND FLOOR, AND THEN THE SECOND FLOOR CONNECTING BRIDGE WAS USED TO TRANSFER COTTON INTO THE MILL. NOTE ORIGINAL WATER TANK IN RIGHT BACKGROUND. - Stark Mill, 117 Corinth Road, Hogansville, Troup County, GA
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1. Photocopy of photograph, c. 1904. VIEW OF HONEYWOOD MILL ...
1. Photocopy of photograph, c. 1904. VIEW OF HONEYWOOD MILL SETTLEMENT AT DAM 5, ORIGINALLY ERECTED AS A FLOUR MILL IN THE 1830s, CONVERTED TO A PULP GRINDING MILL IN THE 1880; HYDROELECTRIC GENERATING EQUIPMENT INSTALLED BY MARTINSBURG POWER COMPANY IN 1904. (Courtesy of the Potomac Edison Company Library (Hagerstown, MD), Historical Data Files, Dam No. 5 listing) - Dam No. 5 Hydroelectric Plant, On Potomac River, Hedgesville, Berkeley County, WV
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8. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL AND UPPER ORE BIN, ...
8. EAST ELEVATION OF SKIDOO MILL AND UPPER ORE BIN, LOOKING WEST FROM ACCESS ROAD. THE ROADWAY ON THIS LEVEL (CENTER) WAS USED FOR UNLOADING ORE BROUGHT ON BURROWS INTO THE ORE BIN AT THE TOP LEVEL OF THE MILL. THE ORE BIN IN THE UPPER LEFT WAS ADDED LATER WHEN ORE WAS BROUGHT TO THE MILL BY TRUCKS. - Skidoo Mine, Park Route 38 (Skidoo Road), Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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6. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM THE IMAGE LEFT TO THE ...
6. VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST FROM THE IMAGE LEFT TO THE IMAGE RIGHT IS THE CHARCOAL HOUSE, THE RETORT SHED IN THE BACKGROUND, THE MILL ANNEX, THE MACHINE SHOP, AND THE ELECTRIC MOTOR ROOM. THE MILL BUILDING IS IN THE BACKGROUND CENTER RIGHT AND ONE OF THE ORE DELIVERY TRESTLES EXTENDING FROM THE MILL BUILDING TO RIGHT IMAGE EDGE. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA
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The dispersion of fine chitosan particles by beads-milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rochima, Emma; Utami, Safira; Hamdani, Herman; Azhary, Sundoro Yoga; Praseptiangga, Danar; Joni, I. Made; Panatarani, Camellia
2018-02-01
This research aimed to produce fine chitosan particles from a crab shell waste by beads-milling method by two different concentration of PEG as dispersing agent (150 and 300 wt. %). The characterization was performed to obtain the size and size distribution, the characteristics of functional groups and the degree of deacetylation. The results showed that the chitosan fine particles was obtained with a milling time 120 minutes with the best concentration of PEG 400 150 wt. %. The average particle size of the as-prepared suspension is 584 nm after addition of acetic acid solution (1%, v/v). Beads milling process did not change the glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine content on chitosan structure which is indicated by degree of deacetylation higher than 70%. It was concluded that beads milling process can be applied to prepare chitosan fineparticles by proper adjustment in the milling time, pH and dosage of dispersing agent.
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Newell, H E; Buckton, G; Butler, D A; Thielmann, F; Williams, D R
2001-05-01
To assess differences in surface energy due to processing induced disorder and to understand whether the disorder dominated the surfaces of particles. Inverse gas chromatography was used to compare the surface energies of crystalline, amorphous, and ball milled lactose. The milling process made ca 1% of the lactose amorphous, however the dispersive contribution to surface energy was 31.2, 37.1, and 41.6 mJ m(-2) for crystalline, spray dried and milled lactose, respectively. A physical mixture of crystalline (99%) and amorphous (1%) material had a dispersive surface energy of 31.5 mJ m(-2). Milling had made the surface energy similar to that of the amorphous material in a manner that was very different to a physical mixture of the same amorphous content. The milled material will have similar interfacial interactions to the 100% amorphous material.
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The new nuclear west: Uranium milling as community on Colorado's western slope
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tidwell, Abraham S. D.
In mid-2007, Energy Fuels, a Toronto-based uranium mining and milling company, announced their intent to build Piñon Ridge, the first new conventional uranium mill in the United States in 30 years. The prospect of a return to uranium milling has mobilized community support to bring back an industry some see as both familiar and capable of supporting and growing their communities. Using transcripts generated during the Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment's public meetings and hearings during 2010 and 2012, this study examines how proponents of the mill frame the socioeconomic advantages of bringing the industry back. Applying Kinsella's bounded constitutive model of communication, this study shows that the community and the uranium mill are bound in a "sorge-enframing" duality where the care generated by each binds the other to the recalcitrant nature of the uranium industry and preconceived notions of socioeconomic development, respectively.
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Magnetic properties of ball-milled SrFe12O19 particles consolidated by Spark-Plasma Sintering
Stingaciu, Marian; Topole, Martin; McGuiness, Paul; Christensen, Mogens
2015-01-01
The room-temperature magnetic properties of ball-milled strontium hexaferrite particles consolidated by spark-plasma sintering are strongly influenced by the milling time. Scanning electron microscopy revealed the ball-milled SrFe12O19 particles to have sizes varying over several hundred nanometers. X-Ray powder-diffraction studies performed on the ball-milled particles before sintering clearly demonstrate the occurrence of a pronounced amorphization process. During sintering at 950 oC, re-crystallization takes place, even for short sintering times of only 2 minutes and transformation of the amorphous phase into a secondary phase is unavoidable. The concentration of this secondary phase increases with increasing ball-milling time. The remanence and maximum magnetization values at 1T are weakly influenced, while the coercivity drops dramatically from 2340 Oe to 1100 Oe for the consolidated sample containing the largest amount of secondary phase. PMID:26369360
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Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline Co-Fe-Nb-Ta-B alloy
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Raanaei, Hossein; Fakhraee, Morteza
2017-09-01
In this research work, structural and magnetic evolution of Co57Fe13Nb8Ta4B18 alloy, during mechanical alloying process, have been investigated by using, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential thermal analysis and also vibrating sample magnetometer. It is observed that at 120 milling time, the crystallite size reaches to about 7.8 nm. Structural analyses show that, the solid solution of the initial powder mixture occurs at160 h milling time. The coercivity behavior demonstrates a rise, up to 70 h followed by decreasing tendency up to final stage of milling process. Thermal analysis of 160 h milling time sample reveals two endothermic peaks. The characterization of annealed milled sample for 160 h milling time at 427 °C shows crystallite size growth accompanied by increasing in saturation magnetization.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Balamurugan, S., E-mail: scandium.chemistry@gmail.com; Joy, Josny; Godwin, M. Anto
The ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by ball milling of commercial grade ZnO powder at 250 rpm for 20 h and studied their structural, micro-structure, optical and photo-catalytic properties. Due to ball milling significant decrease in lattice parameters and average crystalline size is noticed for the as-milled ZnO nano powder. The HRSEM images of the as-milled powder consist of agglomerated fine spherical nanoparticles in the range of ~10-20 nm. The room temperature PL spectrum of as-milled ZnO nano powder excited under 320 nm reveals two emission bands at ~406 nm (violet emission) and ~639 nm (green emission). Interestingly about 98 % of photo degradation of methylene (MB)more » by the ZnO catalyst is achieved at 100 minutes of solar light irradiation.« less
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San Sebastián: the social and political effects of sugar mill closure in Mexico.
Powell, Kathy
2007-01-01
Mexico's sugar mills face an uncertain future: the closure of San Sebastián may well presage others if the climate for sugar production on national and international levels does not improve. While the continued squeezing of small cane producers reflects processes affecting peasant agriculture generally in Mexico, and indeed beyond, the fate of the mill workers made redundant when the mill closed similarly mirrors broad tendencies in labor in both the developed and developing world under neoliberalism. Former workers fell back upon personal, family, and community resources by migrating to the U.S. or locally reconstructing livelihoods characterized by a reduction in income, security, and access to social benefits. This article reports on the impact of the mill closure on the livelihoods of former mill worker families in the community of San Sebastián and offers some observations on their responses to the situation.
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Fabrication of novel cryomill for synthesis of high purity metallic nanoparticles
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kumar, Nirmal; Biswas, Krishanu
2015-08-01
The successful preparation of free standing metal nanoparticles with high purity in bulk quantity is the pre-requisite for any potential application. This is possible by using ball milling at cryogenic temperature. However, the most of ball mills available in the market do not allow preparing high purity metal nanoparticles by this route. In addition, it is not possible to carry out in situ measurements of process parameters as well as diagnostic of the process. In the present investigation, we present a detailed study on the fabrication of a cryomill, which is capable of avoiding contaminations in the product. It also provides in situ measurements and diagnostic of the low temperature milling process. Online monitoring of the milling temperature and observation of ball motion are the important aspects in the newly designed mill. The nanoparticles prepared using this fabricated mill have been found to be free standing and also free from contaminations.
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Fabrication and Characterization of novel W80Ni10Nb10 alloy produced by mechanical alloying
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Saxena, R.; Patra, A.; Karak, S. K.; Pattanaik, A.; Mishra, S. C.
2016-02-01
Nanostructured tungsten (W) based alloy with nominal composition of W80Ni10Nb10 (in wt. %) was synthesized by mechanical alloying of elemental powders of tungsten (W), nickel (Ni), niobium (Nb) in a high energy planetary ball-mill for 20 h using chrome steel as grinding media and toluene as process control agent followed by compaction at 500 MPa pressure for 5 mins and sintering at 1500°C for 2 h in Ar atmosphere. The phase evolution and the microstructure of the milled powder and consolidated product were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The crystallite size of W in W80Ni10Nb10 powder was reduced from 100 μm at 0 h to 45.6 nm at 10 h and 34.1 nm at 20 h of milling whereas lattice strain increases to 35% at 20 h of milling. The dislocation density shows sharp increase up to 5 h of milling and the rate of increase drops beyond 5 to 20 h of milling. The lattice parameter of tungsten in W80Ni10Nb10 expanded upto 0.04% at 10 h of milling and contracted upto 0.02% at 20 h of milling. The SEM micrograph revealed the presence of spherical and elongated particles in W80Ni10Nb10 powders at 20 h of milling. The particle size decreases from 100 μm to 2 μm with an increase in the milling time from 0 to 20 hours. The crystallite size of W in milled W80Ni10Nb10 alloy as evident from bright field TEM image was in well agreement with the measured crystallite size from XRD. Structure of W in 20 h milled W80Ni10Nb10 alloy was identified by indexing of selected area diffraction (SAD) pattern. Formation of NbNi intermetallic was evident from XRD pattern and SEM micrograph of sintered alloy. Maximum sinterability of 90.8% was achieved in 20 h milled sintered alloy. Hardness and wear study was also conducted to investigate the mechanical behaviour of the sintered product. Hardness of W80Ni10Nb10 alloy reduces with increasing load whereas wear rate increases with increasing load. The evaluated hardness value in the present study for all loads is lower than the literature reported hardness of nanostructured W.
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Hofmann, Felix; Harder, Ross J.; Liu, Wenjun; ...
2018-05-11
Here, this study presents a detailed examination of the lattice distortions introduced by glancing incidence Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) milling. Using non-destructive multi-reflection Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction we probe damage formation in an initially pristine gold micro-crystal following several stages of FIB milling. These experiments allow access to the full lattice strain tensor in the micro-crystal with ~25 nm 3D spatial resolution, enabling a nano-scale analysis of residual lattice strains and defects formed. Our results show that 30 keV glancing incidence milling produces fewer large defects than normal incidence milling at the same energy. However the resulting residual lattice strainsmore » have similar magnitude and extend up to ~50 nm into the sample. At the edges of the milled surface, where the ion-beam tails impact the sample at near-normal incidence, large dislocation loops with a range of Burgers vectors are formed. Further glancing incidence FIB polishing with 5 keV ion energy removes these dislocation loops and reduces the lattice strains caused by higher energy FIB milling. However, even at the lower ion energy, damage-induced lattice strains are present within a ~20 nm thick surface layer. These results highlight the need for careful consideration and management of FIB damage. They also show that low-energy FIB-milling is an effective tool for removing FIB-milling induced lattice strains. This is important for the preparation of micro-mechanical test specimens and strain microscopy samples.« less
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Casing window milling with abrasive fluid jet
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Vestavik, O.M.; Fidtje, T.H.; Faure, A.M.
1995-12-31
Methods for through tubing re-entry drilling of multilateral wells has a large potential for increasing hydrocarbon production and total recovery. One of the bottle-necks of this technology is initiation of the side-track by milling a window in the casing downhole. A new approach to this problem has been investigated in a joint industry project. An experimental set-up has been built for milling a 4 inch window in a 7 inch steel casing at surface in the laboratory. A specially designed bit developed at RIF using abrasive jet cutting technology has been used for the window milling. The bit has anmore » abrasive jet beam which is always directed in the desired side-track direction, even if the bit is rotating uniformly. The bit performs the milling with a combined mechanical and hydraulic jet action. The method has been successfully demonstrated. The experiments has shown that the window milling can be performed with very low WOB and torque, and that only small side forces are required to perform the operation. Casing milling has been performed without a whipstock, a cement plug has been the only support for the tool. The tests indicate that milling operations can be performed more efficiently with less time and costs than what is required with conventional techniques. However, the method still needs some development of the downhole motor for coiled tubing applications. The method can be used both for milling and drilling giving the advantage of improved rate of penetration, improved bit life and increased horizontal reach. The method is planned to be demonstrated downhole in the near future.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hofmann, Felix; Harder, Ross J.; Liu, Wenjun
Here, this study presents a detailed examination of the lattice distortions introduced by glancing incidence Focussed Ion Beam (FIB) milling. Using non-destructive multi-reflection Bragg coherent X-ray diffraction we probe damage formation in an initially pristine gold micro-crystal following several stages of FIB milling. These experiments allow access to the full lattice strain tensor in the micro-crystal with ~25 nm 3D spatial resolution, enabling a nano-scale analysis of residual lattice strains and defects formed. Our results show that 30 keV glancing incidence milling produces fewer large defects than normal incidence milling at the same energy. However the resulting residual lattice strainsmore » have similar magnitude and extend up to ~50 nm into the sample. At the edges of the milled surface, where the ion-beam tails impact the sample at near-normal incidence, large dislocation loops with a range of Burgers vectors are formed. Further glancing incidence FIB polishing with 5 keV ion energy removes these dislocation loops and reduces the lattice strains caused by higher energy FIB milling. However, even at the lower ion energy, damage-induced lattice strains are present within a ~20 nm thick surface layer. These results highlight the need for careful consideration and management of FIB damage. They also show that low-energy FIB-milling is an effective tool for removing FIB-milling induced lattice strains. This is important for the preparation of micro-mechanical test specimens and strain microscopy samples.« less
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2. EAST ELEVATION OF BRIDGE SEEN FROM THE NORTHEAST, SHOWING ...
2. EAST ELEVATION OF BRIDGE SEEN FROM THE NORTHEAST, SHOWING APPROACH OF CARRS MILL ROAD FROM EAST. - Mitchell's Mill Bridge, Spanning Winter's Run on Carrs Mill Road, west of Bel Air, Bel Air, Harford County, MD
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8. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, MECHANIC SHED, AND ...
8. VIEW TO SOUTHEAST, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, MECHANIC SHED, AND SKINNER SALT ROASTERS. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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3. VIEW TO NORTHEAST, MECHANIC SHED, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND ...
3. VIEW TO NORTHEAST, MECHANIC SHED, DRYERS, GRINDING/ROD MILL, AND SKINNER SALT ROASTERS. - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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Pillsbury Mills LLC Removal Site
The Pillsbury Mills LLC removal site is located at 1525 E. Phillips St., Springfield, IL. Residential properties are located immediately across the street on the north and east perimeters. The site is a former Pillsbury grain mill on about 18 acres.
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14. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING GOLD TANKS FROM WEST, ...
14. BALD MOUNTAIN MILL, INTERIOR SHOWING GOLD TANKS FROM WEST, c. 1937. DATE BASED ON USE IN PUBLICATION. CREDIT WR. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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37. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC VIEW OF CANNELTON COTTON MILL SHOWING ...
37. PHOTOCOPY OF HISTORIC VIEW OF CANNELTON COTTON MILL SHOWING SOUTHWEST FACADE AND NORTHWEST END FROM WEST, FROM FILE OF MRS. ROBERT CUMMINS OF CANNELTON, IND. - Cannelton Cotton Mill, Front & Fourth Streets, Cannelton, Perry County, IN
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78 FR 25695 - Notice of Intent To Seek Approval To Conduct an Information Collection
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-02
.... Remove seeds received at mill, hulls produced, linters produced (first, second cut, and mill run), stocks of crude oil, hulls, linters (first, second cut, and mill run). Remove flaxseed seeds crushed, stocks...
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1. Distant view of mill ruins with boom crane for ...
1. Distant view of mill ruins with boom crane for unloading sugar cane in foreground, looking W. - Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation, Sugar Mill, 2 miles South of Thibodaux on State Route 308, Thibodaux, Lafourche Parish, LA
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OVERALL VIEW OF THE MILL WITH SUGAR BIN LEFT OF ...
OVERALL VIEW OF THE MILL WITH SUGAR BIN LEFT OF CENTER, CLEANING PLANT TO RIGHT, SEED TREATMENT PLANT TO LEFT. VIEW FROM THE EAST - Kekaha Sugar Company, Sugar Mill Building, 8315 Kekaha Road, Kekaha, Kauai County, HI
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12. Credit WS. Basement of Mill, showing wooden flywheels to ...
12. Credit WS. Basement of Mill, showing wooden flywheels to water wheel and Fairbanks. Morse 20 hp, 350 rpm diesel engine, patented April 20, 1920. - Bunker Hill Mill, County Route 26, Bunker Hill, Berkeley County, WV
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69. VIEW FROM ABOVE OF PRIMARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER No. ...
69. VIEW FROM ABOVE OF PRIMARY MILL AND CLASSIFIER No. 2. PRIMARY CLASSIFIER No. 1 AT RIGHT EDGE OF VIEW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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9. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 191828. WINTER SNOW ...
9. TROJAN MILL, EXTERIOR FROM NORTHWEST, c. 1918-28. WINTER SNOW SHOWS LINE OF CRUDE ORE BIN STAIR. CREDIT JW. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT CYANAMIDE (LN) COOLING SHED, MILL ...
PERSPECTIVE VIEW LOOKING NORTHWEST AT CYANAMIDE (L-N) COOLING SHED, MILL BUILDING AND CONVEYOR BRIDGE. NOTE CORNERSTONE ON THE MILL BUILDING. - United States Nitrate Plant No. 2, Reservation Road, Muscle Shoals, Muscle Shoals, Colbert County, AL
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Synthesis of Nano-Crystalline Cu-Cr Alloy by Mechanical Alloying
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sheibani, S.; Heshmati-Manesh, S.; Ataie, A.
In this paper, the influence of toluene as the process control agent (PCA) and pre-milling on the extension of solid solubility of 7 wt.% Cr in Cu by mechanical alloying in a high energy ball mill was investigated. The structural evolution and microstructure were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. The solid solution formation at different conditions was analyzed by copper lattice parameter change during the milling process. It was found that both the presence of PCA and pre-milling of Cr powder lead to faster dissolution of Cr. The mean crystallite size was also calculated and showed to be about 10 nm after 80 hours of milling.
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Solid state amorphization in the Al-Fe binary system during high energy milling
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Urban, P., E-mail: purban@us.es; Montes, J. M.; Cintas, J.
2013-12-16
In the present study, mechanical alloying (MA) of Al75Fe25 elemental powders mixture was carried out in argon atmosphere, using a high energy attritor ball mill. The microstructure of the milled products at different stages of milling was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The results showed that the amorphous phase content increased by increasing the milling time, and after 50 hours the amorphization process became complete. Heating the samples resulted in the crystallization of the synthesized amorphous alloys and the appearance of the equilibrium intermetallic compounds Al{sub 5}Fe{submore » 2}.« less
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62. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION TANKS FLOOR FROM WEST. THE ...
62. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION TANKS FLOOR FROM WEST. THE BOTTOM OF MILL SOLUTION TANK No. 1 IS IN THE LOWER RIGHT QUADRANT UNDER A PILE OF SOLUTION SEDIMENT. JOISTS OF TANK No. 2 ARE ABOVE AND SLIGHTLY LEFT OF No. 1. THE BOTTOM OF THE MILL SOLUTION SURGE TANK WITH ATTACHED DISCHARGE PIPE IS VISIBLE ON LOWER RIGHT HAND EDGE OF VIEW; TANKS ORIGINALLY SAT ON DIAGONAL BEAM CUTTING ACROSS UPPER LEFT CORNER OF VIEW. DISCHARGE LAUNDER FROM THE UNOXIDIZED ORE CIRCUIT PIERCES THE FOUNDATION WALL ABOVE TANK No. 1 (FOR DETAIL SEE SD-2-61). - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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1. EXTERIOR VIEW OF 209 WARE STREET LOOKING SOUTH. THIS ...
1. EXTERIOR VIEW OF 209 WARE STREET LOOKING SOUTH. THIS STRUCTURE WAS ONE OF APPROXIMATELY SEVENTEEN DUPLEXES BUILT AS THE ORIGINAL WORKER HOUSING FOR THE LaGRANGE COTTON MILLS, LATER KNOWN AS CALUMET MILL. LaGRANGE MILLS (1888-89) WAS THE FIRST COTTON MILL IN LaGRANGE. NOTE THE GABLE-ON-HIP ROOF FORM AND TWO IDENTICAL STRUCTURES VISIBLE TO THE LEFT. - 209 Ware Street (House), 209 Ware Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA
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Low energy milling method, low crystallinity alloy, and negative electrode composition
Le, Dihn B; Obrovac, Mark N; Kube, Robert Y; Landucci, James R
2012-10-16
A method of making nanostructured alloy particles includes milling a millbase in a pebble mill containing milling media. The millbase comprises: (i) silicon, and (ii) at least one of carbon or a transition metal, and wherein the nanostructured alloy particles are substantially free of crystalline domains greater than 50 nanometers in size. A method of making a negative electrode composition for a lithium ion battery including the nanostructured alloy particles is also disclosed.
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In vitro-in vivo correlation for wet-milled tablet of poorly water-soluble cilostazol.
Jinno, Jun-ichi; Kamada, Naoki; Miyake, Masateru; Yamada, Keigo; Mukai, Tadashi; Odomi, Masaaki; Toguchi, Hajime; Liversidge, Gary G; Higaki, Kazutaka; Kimura, Toshikiro
2008-08-25
The purpose of the present study was to investigate oral bioavailability of an immediate release tablet containing wet-milled crystals of a poorly water-soluble drug, cilostazol, and to establish in vitro-in vivo correlation. Sub-micron sized cilostazol (median diameter: 0.26 microm) was successfully prepared using a beads-mill in water in the presence of a hydrophilic polymer and an anionic surfactant. The milled suspension was solidified with a sugar alcohol as a water-soluble carrier by spray-drying method. The co-precipitate was compressed into an immediate release tablet with common excipients. Oral bioavailability of the wet-milled cilostazol tablet in male beagle dogs was 13-fold higher than the hammer-milled commercial tablet in fasted condition. Food did not increase the oral bioavailability of the wet-milled tablet, while 4-fold increase was found for the commercial tablet. Irrespective to the bioavailability enhancement, in vitro dissolution rate of the wet-milled tablet was even slower than the commercial tablet by the compendial method (USP Apparatus 2). On the other hand, a good correlation was found between the dissolution profiles obtained by a flow-through cell method (USP Apparatus 4, closed-loop system without outlet filter) using a large volume of water and sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) solution at the concentration lower than the critical micellar concentration (cmc) as dissolution media corresponding to the fasted and fed conditions, respectively.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rounaghi, S.A., E-mail: s.a.rounaghi@gmail.com; Kiani Rashid, A.R.; Eshghi, H., E-mail: heshghi@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir
Decomposition of melamine was studied by solid state reaction of melamine and aluminum powders during high energy ball-milling. The milling procedure performed for both pure melamine and melamine/Al mixed powders as the starting materials for various times up to 48 h under ambient atmosphere. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results revealed that Al causes melamine deammoniation at the first stages of milling and further milling process leads to the s-triazine ring degradation while nano-crystallite hexagonal aluminum nitride (h-AlN) was the main solid product. Comparison to milling process, the possibility ofmore » the reaction of melamine with Al was also investigated by thermal treatment method using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Melamine decomposition occurred by thermal treatment in the range of 270-370 Degree-Sign C, but no reaction between melamine and aluminum was observed. - Graphical Abstract: Mechanochemical reaction of melamine with Al resulted in the formation of nanocrystalline AlN after 7 h milling time Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer High energy ball milling of melamine and aluminum results decomposition of melamine with elimination of ammonia. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Nano-crystalline AlN was synthesized by the mechanochemical route. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Milling process has no conspicuous effect on pure melamine degradation. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer No reaction takes place by heating melamine and aluminum powder mixture in argon.« less
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Lebon, Nicolas; Tapie, Laurent; Duret, Francois; Attal, Jean-Pierre
2016-01-01
Nowadays, dental numerical controlled (NC) milling machines are available for dental laboratories (labside solution) and dental production centers. This article provides a mechanical engineering approach to NC milling machines to help dental technicians understand the involvement of technology in digital dentistry practice. The technical and economic criteria are described for four labside and two production center dental NC milling machines available on the market. The technical criteria are focused on the capacities of the embedded technologies of milling machines to mill prosthetic materials and various restoration shapes. The economic criteria are focused on investment cost and interoperability with third-party software. The clinical relevance of the technology is discussed through the accuracy and integrity of the restoration. It can be asserted that dental production center milling machines offer a wider range of materials and types of restoration shapes than labside solutions, while labside solutions offer a wider range than chairside solutions. The accuracy and integrity of restorations may be improved as a function of the embedded technologies provided. However, the more complex the technical solutions available, the more skilled the user must be. Investment cost and interoperability with third-party software increase according to the quality of the embedded technologies implemented. Each private dental practice may decide which fabrication option to use depending on the scope of the practice.
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Wu, Di; Wu, Chao; Chen, Hui; Wang, Zhenyu; Yu, Cuiping; Du, Ming
2018-01-01
The effects of ball mill treatment (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min) on the physicochemical and digestible properties of scallops (Chlamys farreri) protein (CFP) were investigated. The CFP particle size decreased with increasing ball-milling time. The content of free sulfhydryl (SH) of CFP increased from 13.08 ± 0.25 μmol/g protein to 18.85 ± 0.24 μmol/g protein when the ball-milling time increased from 0 min to 10 min. A sharp increase of the surface hydrophobicity index (H0) from 48.53 ± 0.27 to 239.59 ± 0.37 was found when the ball-milling time increased from 0 min to 4 min. Furthermore, the foaming capacity increased from 46.08 ± 6.12% to 65.11 ± 1.05% with increasing ball-milling time from 0 min to 6 min, after which it reached a plateau. SDS-PAGE results showed that ball mill treatment did not change the primary structure of CFP. Digestible properties of BMCFP simulated gastrointestinal digestion as a function of ball mill treatment were analyzed by Tricine-SDS-PAGE and nitrogen recovery index. After 60 min of simulated human gastro digestion, nitrogen recovery index of CFP had a significant rise from 42.01 ± 0.31% to 58.78 ± 3.37% as the ball-milling time increased from 0 min to 6 min. Peptides from hydrolysates of Chlamys farreri protein (CFP) were identified by ultraperformance liquidchromatographysystem coupled to a Synapt Mass Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). After 2 h and 4 h of simulated human duodenal digestion, the number of peptides with 7–10 amino acids length increased apparently with the ball-milling time increased. This study presents an approach to investigating the effect of the ball-milling process on the physicochemical and digestible properties of CFP, which may provide valuable information on the application of CFP as an ingredient in food products. PMID:29425186
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Bitra, Venkata S P; Womac, Alvin R; Igathinathane, C; Miu, Petre I; Yang, Yuechuan T; Smith, David R; Chevanan, Nehru; Sokhansanj, Shahab
2009-12-01
Lengthy straw/stalk of biomass may not be directly fed into grinders such as hammer mills and disc refiners. Hence, biomass needs to be preprocessed using coarse grinders like a knife mill to allow for efficient feeding in refiner mills without bridging and choking. Size reduction mechanical energy was directly measured for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), wheat straw (Triticum aestivum L.), and corn stover (Zea mays L.) in an instrumented knife mill. Direct power inputs were determined for different knife mill screen openings from 12.7 to 50.8 mm, rotor speeds between 250 and 500 rpm, and mass feed rates from 1 to 11 kg/min. Overall accuracy of power measurement was calculated to be +/-0.003 kW. Total specific energy (kWh/Mg) was defined as size reduction energy to operate mill with biomass. Effective specific energy was defined as the energy that can be assumed to reach the biomass. The difference is parasitic or no-load energy of mill. Total specific energy for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover chopping increased with knife mill speed, whereas, effective specific energy decreased marginally for switchgrass and increased for wheat straw and corn stover. Total and effective specific energy decreased with an increase in screen size for all the crops studied. Total specific energy decreased with increase in mass feed rate, but effective specific energy increased for switchgrass and wheat straw, and decreased for corn stover at increased feed rate. For knife mill screen size of 25.4 mm and optimum speed of 250 rpm, optimum feed rates were 7.6, 5.8, and 4.5 kg/min for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover, respectively, and the corresponding total specific energies were 7.57, 10.53, and 8.87 kWh/Mg and effective specific energies were 1.27, 1.50, and 0.24 kWh/Mg for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover, respectively. Energy utilization ratios were calculated as 16.8%, 14.3%, and 2.8% for switchgrass, wheat straw, and corn stover, respectively. These data will be useful for preparing the feed material for subsequent fine grinding operations and designing new mills.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kiyokawa, S.; Ito, T.; Ikehara, M.; Yamaguchi, K. E.; Onoue, T.; Horie, K.; Sakamoto, R.; Teraji, S.; Aihara, Y.
2012-12-01
The 3.2-3.1 Ga Dixon island-Cleaverville formations are well-preserved hydrothermal oceanic sequence at oceanic island arc setting (Kiyokawa et al., 2002, 2006, 2012). The Dixon Island (3195+15 Ma) - Cleaverville (3108+13 Ma) formations formed volcano-sedimentary sequences with hydrothermal chert, black shale and banded iron formation to the top. Based on the scientific drilling as DXCL1 at 2007 and DXCL2 at 2011, lithology was clearly understood. Four drilling holes had been done at coastal sites; the Dixon Island Formation is DX site (100m) and the Cleaverville Formation is CL2 (40m), CL1 (60m) and CL3 (200m) sites and from stratigraphic bottom to top. These sequences formed coarsening and thickening upward black shale-BIF sequences. The Dixon Island Formation consists komatiite-rhyolite sequences with many hydrothermal veins and very fine laminated cherty rocks above them. The Cleaverville Formation contains black shale, fragments-bearing pyroclastic beds, white chert, greenish shale and BIF. Especially, CL3 core, which drilled through the Iron formation, shows siderite-chert beds above black shale identified before magnetite lamination bed. The magnetite bed formed very thin laminated bed with siderite lamination. This magnetite bed was covered by black shale beds again. New U-Pb SHRIMP data of the pyroclastic in black shale is 3109Ma. Estimated 2-8 cm/1000year sedimentation rate are identified in these sequences. Our preliminary result show that siderite and chert layers formed before magnetite iron sedimentation. The lower-upper sequence of organic carbon rich black shales are similar amount of organic content and 13C isotope (around -30per mill). So we investigate that the Archean iron formation, especially Cleaverville iron formation, was highly related by hydrothermal input and started pre-syn iron sedimentation at anoxic oceanic condition.
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19. View looking N at mill wall ruins with open ...
19. View looking N at mill wall ruins with open end of purging house in background. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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Laboratory evaluation of characteristics of recycled asphalt pavement in Kansas.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2011-09-01
The main objective of this research was to evaluate characteristics of milled Recycled Asphalt : Pavements (RAP) collected from selected milled roadways in Kansas. The RAP was collected from three : selected milled roadways including K-25 in Grant Co...
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93. Photocopied August 1978 by the Harry S. Truman Library, ...
93. Photocopied August 1978 by the Harry S. Truman Library, Independence, Missouri, from the original belonging to the Watkins Mill Historic Site. WATKINS MILL AS IT APPEARED C. 1910. - Watkins Mill, County Highway MM, Lawson, Ray County, MO
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97. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION PUMP No. 2 FROM SOUTHEAST. ...
97. VIEW OF MILL SOLUTION PUMP No. 2 FROM SOUTHEAST. SUMPS ARE UNDER FLOOR, BEYOND. STAIR LEADS TO AGITATOR/GOLD TANK ACCESS PLATFORM. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD
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OVERVIEW OF GOLD HILL MILL, ROAD, AND WARM SPRINGS CAMP ...
OVERVIEW OF GOLD HILL MILL, ROAD, AND WARM SPRINGS CAMP BUILDINGS, LOOKING SOUTH SOUTHEAST. THE FUNCTION OF THE FLAT AREA AT CENTER RIGHT IS UNKNOWN. - Gold Hill Mill, Warm Spring Canyon Road, Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA
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1. General view of south facade of Wilder Mill, Building ...
1. General view of south facade of Wilder Mill, Building No.2 from south side of canal; view to northwest. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA
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1. VIEW NORTHWEST OF MILL STREET GATE AND WEST FACADE ...
1. VIEW NORTHWEST OF MILL STREET GATE AND WEST FACADE OF BUILDINGS 1 (c. 1896), CENTER, AND 2 (c. 1876); EXECUTIVE AND FINANCE OFFICES WERE LOCATED HERE. - Scovill Brass Works, 59 Mill Street, Waterbury, New Haven County, CT
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20. Historic American Buildings Survey Reproduction of Print Loaned by ...
20. Historic American Buildings Survey Reproduction of Print Loaned by Mr. Pollen Jewett, Nyack, New York. Taken about 1900. copy PIERCE MILL DAM FROM VICINITY OF MILL - Pierce Mill, Tilden Street & Beach Drive Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia, DC
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42. PHOTOCOPY OF DOCUMENT ENTITLED 'SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, ...
42. PHOTOCOPY OF DOCUMENT ENTITLED 'SURVEY OF INDIANA COTTON MILLS, On Which Insurance Is To Be Predicated' FROM THE OFFICE OF CHARLES GERBER, GERBER OIL COMPANY, CANNELTON, IND. - Cannelton Cotton Mill, Front & Fourth Streets, Cannelton, Perry County, IN
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Dam located to east of powerhouse, view from south. This ...
Dam located to east of powerhouse, view from south. This dam holds back the waters of the Chattahoochee River to form the mill pond north of Riverdale Cotton Mill - Riverdale Cotton Mill, Powerhouse & Dam, Valley, Chambers County, AL
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Old Riverdale Cotton Mill office building on left. The old ...
Old Riverdale Cotton Mill office building on left. The old office building has also been used as a starch mixing house. Note entrance to new office building on right - Riverdale Cotton Mill, Office Building, Old, Valley, Chambers County, AL
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Uranium Mines and Mills | RadTown USA | US EPA
2017-08-07
Uranium is used as nuclear fuel for electric power generation. U.S. mining industries can obtain uranium in two ways: mining or milling. Mining waste and mill tailings can contaminate water, soil and air if not disposed of properly.
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Alternative Fuels Data Center: Ethanol Production
States is produced from starch-based crops by dry- or wet-mill processing. Nearly 90% of ethanol plants are dry mills due to lower capital costs. Dry-milling is a process that grinds corn into flour and
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PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING SOUTH. THE LARGE DEVICE ...
PLANING MILL, FIRST FLOOR INTERIOR, LOOKING SOUTH. THE LARGE DEVICE IS A WHEEL BORING MACHINE USED DURING THE TIME THIS AREA WAS A WHEEL SHOP. - Southern Pacific, Sacramento Shops, Planing Mill, 111 I Street, Sacramento, Sacramento County, CA
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Hazardous Waste Cleanup: Mannington Mills Incorporated in Salem, New Jersey
Mannington Mills, Inc. manufactures vinyl based flooring for residential and commercial use. The facility is located on Mannington Mills Road in Salem, New Jersey and has been in operation since 1924. The historic and current manufacturing facility acreage
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1. VIEW OF THE WILBURWOMBLE MILL SITE, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM ...
1. VIEW OF THE WILBUR-WOMBLE MILL SITE, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM LITTLE JOHNS CREEK. THE THREE CONCRETE MORTAR BLOCKS MARK THE LOCATION OF THE STAMP BATTERIES - Wilbur-Womble Mill, Southern Edge Of Salt Spring Valley, Copperopolis, Calaveras County, CA
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Trueness of four different milling procedures used in dental CAD/CAM systems.
Kirsch, Corinna; Ender, Andreas; Attin, Thomas; Mehl, Albert
2017-03-01
Milling is a crucial step in producing restorations using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) systems. In this study the trueness of currently available milling devices was evaluated. Thirty clinical cases (ten inlays, ten crowns, ten onlays) were milled from ceramic blocks using four different milling approaches: five axis with IMES CORiTEC 450i, four axis with CEREC MCXL, four axis with CEREC MCXL-EF and five axis with inLab MCX5. The milled restorations were scanned and the occlusal and inner surfaces compared to the originally calculated 3D surface using difference analysis software. The (90-10 %) / 2 percentile of the distances were calculated and analysed using one-way ANOVA with the post hoc Scheffé test (α = 0.05). Chipping of marginal areas were visually examined and analysed using one-way ANOVA with a post hoc Tamhane test (α = 0.05). At inner surfaces, the milling trueness of IMES (33.9 ± 16.3 μm), X5 (32.3 ± 9.7 μm) and MCXL-EF (34.4 ± 7.5 μm) was significantly better (p < 0.001) than that of MCXL (62.1 ± 17.1 μm). At occlusal surfaces, MCXL-EF (25.7 ± 9.3 μm) showed significant higher accuracy (p < 0.001) than MCXL (48.7 ± 23.3 μm) and X5 (40.9 ± 20.4 μm). IMES produced the most chipping (p < 0.001). Five-axis milling devices yield high trueness. MCXL-EF is competitive and may allow chairside fabrication with good milling results. Accurate milling is required for well-fitting restorations and thereby requires fewer manual finishing steps, yields smaller marginal gaps, resistance to secondary caries and longevity of restorations.
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Comparison of five-axis milling and rapid prototyping for implant surgical templates.
Park, Ji-Man; Yi, Tae-Kyoung; Koak, Jai-Young; Kim, Seong-Kyoon; Park, Eun-Jin; Heo, Seong-Joo
2014-01-01
This study aims to compare and evaluate the accuracy of surgical templates fabricated using coordinate synchronization processing with five-axis milling and design-related processing with rapid prototyping (RP). Master phantoms with 10 embedded gutta-percha cylinders hidden under artificial gingiva were fabricated and imaged using cone beam computed tomography. Vectors of the hidden cylinders were extracted and transferred to those of the planned implants through reverse engineering using virtual planning software. An RP-produced template was fabricated by stereolithography in photopolymer at the RP center according to planned data. Metal sleeves were bonded after holes were bored (group RP). For the milled template, milling coordinates were synchronized using the conversion process for the coordinate synchronization platform located on the model's bottom. Metal bushings were set on holes milled on the five-axis milling machine, on which the model was fixed through the coordinate synchronization plate, and the framework was constructed on the model using orthodontic resin (group CS). A computed tomography image was taken with templates firmly fixed on models using anchor pins (RP) or anchor screws (CS). The accuracy was analyzed via reverse engineering. Differences between the two groups were compared by repeated measures two-factor analysis. From the reverse-engineered image of the template on the experimental model, RP-produced templates showed significantly larger deviations than did milled surgical guides. Maximum deviations of the group RP were 1.58 mm (horizontal), 1.68 mm (vertical), and 8.51 degrees (angular); those of the group CS were 0.68 mm (horizontal), 0.41 mm (vertical), and 3.23 degrees (angular). A comparison of milling and RP template production methods showed that a vector-milled surgical guide had significantly smaller deviations than did an RP-produced template. The accuracy of computer-guided milled surgical templates was within the safety margin of previous studies.
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Processing of palm oil mill wastes based on zero waste technology
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Irvan
2018-02-01
Indonesia is currently the main producer of palm oil in the world with a total production reached 33.5 million tons per year. In the processing of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) besides producing palm oil and kernel oil, palm oil mills also produce liquid and solid wastes. The increase of palm oil production will be followed by an increase in the production of waste generated. It will give rise to major environmental issues especially the discharge of liquid waste to the rivers, the emission of methane from digestion pond and the incineration of empty fruit bunches (EFB). This paper describes a zero waste technology in processing palm oil mill waste after the milling process. The technology involves fermentation of palm oil mill effluent (POME) to biogas by using continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in the presence of thermophilic microbes, producing activated liquid organic fertilizer (ALOF) from discharge of treated waste effluent from biogas digester, composting EFB by spraying ALOF on the EFB in the composter, and producing pellet or biochar from EFB by pyrolysis process. This concept can be considered as a promising technology for palm oil mills with the main objective of eliminating the effluent from their mills.
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Biofuel manufacturing from woody biomass: effects of sieve size used in biomass size reduction.
Zhang, Meng; Song, Xiaoxu; Deines, T W; Pei, Z J; Wang, Donghai
2012-01-01
Size reduction is the first step for manufacturing biofuels from woody biomass. It is usually performed using milling machines and the particle size is controlled by the size of the sieve installed on a milling machine. There are reported studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in milling of woody biomass. These studies show that energy consumption increased dramatically as sieve size became smaller. However, in these studies, the sugar yield (proportional to biofuel yield) in hydrolysis of the milled woody biomass was not measured. The lack of comprehensive studies about the effects of sieve size on energy consumption in biomass milling and sugar yield in hydrolysis process makes it difficult to decide which sieve size should be selected in order to minimize the energy consumption in size reduction and maximize the sugar yield in hydrolysis. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap in the literature. In this paper, knife milling of poplar wood was conducted using sieves of three sizes (1, 2, and 4 mm). Results show that, as sieve size increased, energy consumption in knife milling decreased and sugar yield in hydrolysis increased in the tested range of particle sizes.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Farina, Simone; Thepsonti, Thanongsak; Ceretti, Elisabetta; Özel, Tugrul
2011-05-01
Titanium alloys offer superb properties in strength, corrosion resistance and biocompatibility and are commonly utilized in medical devices and implants. Micro-end milling process is a direct and rapid fabrication method for manufacturing medical devices and implants in titanium alloys. Process performance and quality depend upon an understanding of the relationship between cutting parameters and forces and resultant tool deflections to avoid tool breakage. For this purpose, FE simulations of chip formation during micro-end milling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy with an ultra-fine grain solid carbide two-flute micro-end mill are investigated using DEFORM software. At first, specific forces in tangential and radial directions of cutting during micro-end milling for varying feed advance and rotational speeds have been determined using designed FE simulations for chip formation process. Later, these forces are applied to the micro-end mill geometry along the axial depth of cut in 3D analysis of ABAQUS. Consequently, 3D distributions for tool deflections & von Misses stress are determined. These analyses will yield in establishing integrated multi-physics process models for high performance micro-end milling and a leap-forward to process improvements.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Varol, T.; Canakci, A.
2013-06-01
In the present work, the effect of milling parameters on the morphology and microstructure of nanostructure Al2024-B4C composite powders obtained by mechanical alloying (MA) was studied. The effects of milling time and B4C content on the morphology, microstructure and particle size of nanostructure Al2024-B4C composite powders have been investigated. Different amounts of B4C particles (0, 5, 10 and 20 wt.%) were mixed with Al2024 powders and milled in a planetary ball mill for 30, 60, 120, 300, 420 and 600 min. Al 2024-B4C composite powders were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), laser particle-size analyzer, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD) and the Vickers microhardness test. The results showed that the nanostructure Al2024-B4C composite powders were produced when they were milled for 600 min. The size of composite powder in the milled powder mixture was affected by the milling time and content of B4C particles. Moreover, it was observed that when MA reached a steady state, the properties of composite powders were stabilized.
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Development of a Tri-Axial Cutting Force Sensor for the Milling Process
Li, Yingxue; Zhao, Yulong; Fei, Jiyou; Zhao, You; Li, Xiuyuan; Gao, Yunxiang
2016-01-01
This paper presents a three-component fixed dynamometer based on a strain gauge, which reduces output errors produced by the cutting force imposed on different milling positions of the workpiece. A reformative structure of tri-layer cross beams is proposed, sensitive areas were selected, and corresponding measuring circuits were arranged to decrease the inaccuracy brought about by positional variation. To simulate the situation with a milling cutter moving on the workpiece and validate the function of reducing the output errors when the milling position changes, both static calibration and dynamic milling tests were implemented on different parts of the workpiece. Static experiment results indicate that with standard loads imposed, the maximal deviation between the measured forces and the standard inputs is 4.87%. The results of the dynamic milling test illustrate that with identical machining parameters, the differences in output variation between the developed sensor and standard dynamometer are no larger than 6.61%. Both static and dynamic experimental results demonstrate that the developed dynamometer is suitable for measuring milling force imposed on different positions of the workpiece, which shows potential applicability in machining a monitoring system. PMID:27007374
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Finite-action solutions of Yang-Mills equations on de Sitter dS4 and anti-de Sitter AdS4 spaces
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ivanova, Tatiana A.; Lechtenfeld, Olaf; Popov, Alexander D.
2017-11-01
We consider pure SU(2) Yang-Mills theory on four-dimensional de Sitter dS4 and anti-de Sitter AdS4 spaces and construct various solutions to the Yang-Mills equations. On de Sitter space we reduce the Yang-Mills equations via an SU(2)-equivariant ansatz to Newtonian mechanics of a particle moving in R^3 under the influence of a quartic potential. Then we describe magnetic and electric-magnetic solutions, both Abelian and non-Abelian, all having finite energy and finite action. A similar reduction on anti-de Sitter space also yields Yang-Mills solutions with finite energy and action. We propose a lower bound for the action on both backgrounds. Employing another metric on AdS4, the SU(2) Yang-Mills equations are reduced to an analytic continuation of the above particle mechanics from R^3 to R^{2,1} . We discuss analytical solutions to these equations, which produce infinite-action configurations. After a Euclidean continuation of dS4 and AdS4 we also present self-dual (instanton-type) Yang-Mills solutions on these backgrounds.
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A study on rheological characteristics of roller milled fenugreek fractions.
Sakhare, Suresh D; Inamdar, Aashitosh A; Prabhasankar, P
2016-01-01
Fenugreek seeds were fractionated by roller milling to get various fractions. The roller milled fractions and whole fenugreek flour (WFF) were evaluated for the flow behavior and time-dependent flow properties using a rotational viscometer at the temperatures of 10-60 (0)C. The samples subjected to a programmed shear rate increase linearly from 0 to 300 s(-1) in 3 min and successive decrease linearly shear rate from 300 s(-1) to 0 in 3 min. The roller milled fractions and WFF paste exhibited non-Newtonian pseudoplastic behavior. Difference in hysteresis loop area was observed among the roller milled fractions and WFF, being more noticeable at lower temperatures. Power law and Casson models were used to predict flow properties of samples. The power law model described well the flow behavior of the roller milled fractions and WFF at temperatures tested. Except flour (FL) fraction, consistency coefficient, m, increased with the temperature both in the forward and backward measurements. The roller milled fractions and WFF exhibited rheopectic behavior that increased viscosity with increasing the shear speed and the temperature. For all the sample tested, initial shear stress increased with increase in shear rate and temperature.
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Effect of milling on the plastic and the elastic stiffness of lactose particles.
Pazesh, Samaneh; Persson, Ann-Sofie; Berggren, Jonas; Alderborn, Göran
2018-03-01
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of degree of disorder of a series of α-lactose monohydrate powders, prepared by milling for different time periods, on the plastic and the elastic stiffness of the particles. As references, a series of physical mixtures consisting of original crystalline particles and amorphous particles obtained by spray-drying was used. In addition, the effect of powder pre-storage humidity on the mechanical properties was investigated. For milled particles of a low degree of disorder, a decreased particle size increased the particle plastic stiffness. For milled particles of constant particle size, the plastic stiffness decreased with an increased degree of disorder while the elastic stiffness seemed nearly independent of the degree of disorder. The presence of moisture caused a recrystallisation of milled particles with low degree of disorder which increased their plastic stiffness. For the physical mixtures of crystalline and amorphous particles, similar relationships between plastic stiffness and amorphous content as for the milled powders were obtained. A reasonable explanation is that the nature of the milled particles is represented by a two-state system with crystalline and amorphous domains. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gunawan; Bantacut, T.; Romli, M.; Noor, E.
2018-03-01
Sugarcane has been used as raw material in crystal sugar industry. Sugar cane that contains high sugar will be utilized into crystals sugar. In addition, the productivity of sugarcane is large enough in 2016 approximately 360 713 tons/year. Crystal sugar itself is a daily necessity for its use in the food and beverage industry. Problem that occurs in Indonesia is the energy consumption. The sugar mills supposed to be an independent energy source which means it can produce its own energy by utilization the material that is available in the sugar mills such as by-product (bagasse, molasses, filter cake, etc.), the by product in every production stage are quite a lot in sugar industry especially in Indonesia. In this paper, a comparison between two sugar mills was examined between Ngedirejo sugar mill and Mauritius sugar mill which has the same geological state as Indonesia. The results of comparison between the two sugar factories demonstrated the difference in terms of productivity of the sugar that has been produced and the effectiveness of the production process in a sugar mill seen from the amount of waste and the by product.
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Matrix model of the grinding process of cement clinker in the ball mill
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sharapov, Rashid R.
2018-02-01
In the article attention is paid to improving the efficiency of production of fine powders, in particular Portland cement clinker. The questions of Portland cement clinker grinding in closed circuit ball mills. Noted that the main task of modeling the grinding process is predicting the granulometric composition of the finished product taking into account constructive and technological parameters used ball mill and separator. It is shown that the most complete and informative characterization of the grinding process in a ball mill is a grinding matrix taking into account the transformation of grain composition inside the mill drum. Shows how the relative mass fraction of the particles of crushed material, get to corresponding fraction. Noted, that the actual task of reconstruction of the matrix of grinding on the experimental data obtained in the real operating installations. On the basis of experimental data obtained on industrial installations, using matrix method to determine the kinetics of the grinding process in closed circuit ball mills. The calculation method of the conversion of the grain composition of the crushed material along the mill drum developed. Taking into account the proposed approach can be optimized processing methods to improve the manufacturing process of Portland cement clinker.
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Use of agar agar stabilized milled zero-valent iron particles for in situ groundwater remediation
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schmid, Doris; Velimirović, Milica; Wagner, Stephan; Micić Batka, Vesna; von der Kammer, Frank; Hofmann, Thilo
2015-04-01
A major obstacle for use of nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI) particles as a nontoxic material for effective in situ degradation of chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons (CAHs) is the high production cost. For that reason, submicro-scale milled zero-valent iron particles were recently developed (milled ZVI, UVR-FIA, Germany) by grinding macroscopic raw materials of elementary iron as a cheaper alternative to products produced by solid-state reduction. However, milled ZVI particles tend to aggregate and due to the rather large particle size (d50= 11.9 µm) also rapidly sediment. To prevent aggregation and consequently sedimentation of milled ZVI particles and therefore improve the mobility after in situ application, the use of a stabilizer is considered in literature as a most promising option. In this study, milled ZVI particles (1 g L-1 of particle concentration) were stabilized by environmentally friendly polymer agar agar (>0.5 g L-1), which had a positive impact on the milled ZVI stability. Sedimentation rate was significantly decreased by increasing the suspension viscosity. Column transport experiments were performed for bare and agar agar stabilized milled ZVI particles in commercially available fine grained quartz sand (DORSILIT® Nr.8, Gebrüder Dorfner GmbH Co, Germany) and different porous media collected from brownfields. The experiments were carried out under field relevant injection conditions of 100 m d-1. The maximal travel distance (LT) of less than 10 cm was determined for non-stabilized suspension in fine grained quartz sand, while agar agar (1 g L-1) stabilized milled ZVI suspension revealed LT of 12 m. Similar results were observed for porous media from brownfields showing that mobility of agar agar stabilized particle suspensions was significantly improved compared to bare particles. Based on the mobility data, agar agar stabilized milled zero-valent iron particles could be used for in situ application. Finally, lab-scale batch degradation experiments were performed to determine the impact of agar agar on the reactivity of milled ZVI and investigate the apparent corrosion rate of particles by quantifying the hydrogen gas generated by anaerobic corrosion of milled ZVI. The results indicate that agar agar had a positive impact on the milled ZVI stability and mobility, however adverse impact on the reactivity towards trichloroethene (TCE) was observed compared to the non-stabilized material. On the other hand, this study shows that the apparent corrosion rate of non-stabilized and agar agar stabilized milled ZVI particles is in the same order of magnitude. These data indicate that the dechlorination pathway of TCE by agar agar stabilized milled ZVI particles is possibly impacted by blocking of the reactive sites and not hydrogen revealed during particles corrosion. Finally, calculated longevity of the particles based on the apparent corrosion rate is significantly prolonged compared to the longevity of the nZVI particles reported in previous studies. This research receives funding from the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme FP7/2007-2013 under grant agreement n°309517.
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View looking east in the main pipe mill building at ...
View looking east in the main pipe mill building at the operators pulpit of the east-west reelers, no. 2 seamless line. - U.S. Steel National Tube Works, Main Pipe Mill Building, Along Monongahela River, McKeesport, Allegheny County, PA
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6. View of mill wall ruins looking E showing arched ...
6. View of mill wall ruins looking E showing arched openings where fuel was fed to fire Jamaican Train. - Hacienda Azucarera La Esperanza, Mill (Ruins), 2.65 miles North of PR Route 2 Bridge Over Manati River, Manati, Manati Municipio, PR
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The SHOLO mill: return on investment versus mill design
Hugh W. Reynolds; Charles J. Gatchell; Charles J. Gatchell
1971-01-01
The newly developed SHOLO (from SHOrt Log) process can be used to convert low-grade hardwood logs into parts for standard warehouse pallets and pulp chips. Should you build a SHOLO mill? This paper has been prepared to help you decide.
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Oblique perspective of portal, due north. Bridge has gable roof ...
Oblique perspective of portal, due north. Bridge has gable roof clad with wood shingles and has board and batten siding. - Watson Mill Bridge, Spanning South Fork Broad River, Watson Mill Road, Watson Mill Bridge State Park, Comer, Madison County, GA
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40 CFR 62.4352 - Identification of sources.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS Kentucky Total Reduced Sulfur from Existing Kraft Pulp Mills § 62.4352 Identification of sources. The plan applies to..., Ky. (b) Willamette Industries, Corrugated Medium Mill and Bleached Pulp Mill, Hawesville, Kentucky...
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Evaluation of crack-sealing milled pavement in the effort to reduce transverse cracking.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2015-01-01
To determine if crack sealing milled pavement prior to overlay will deter the : migration of transverse cracking, or have an effect on pavement performance, : when compared to an adjacent milled pavement that receives no crack sealing : treatment.
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5. General view of rear (north) facade of Wilder Mill, ...
5. General view of rear (north) facade of Wilder Mill, Building No 6 (1873 and 1928 segments, left to right): view to south. - Champion-International Paper Company, Wilder Mill, West bank of Spicket River at Canal Street, Lawrence, Essex County, MA
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Vertical boring mill capacity is increased
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Young, R. J.
1968-01-01
Commercially available vertical boring mill with a nominal capacity to 27 feet in diameter of workpiece has been modified in-shop to handle work up to 36 feet in diameter. Capacity was increased by adding extension saddles to the mill support columns on each side.
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GENERAL VIEW OF WESTERN PART OF PLANT INCLUDING (LEFT TO ...
GENERAL VIEW OF WESTERN PART OF PLANT INCLUDING (LEFT TO RIGHT) BETHLEHEM RAIL MILL, GENERAL OFFICE BUILDING, MACHINE SHOP, BAR MILL, BLOOMING MILL & OPEN HEARTH PLANT. - Pittsburgh Steel Company, Monessen Works, Open Hearth Plant, Donner Avenue, Monessen, Westmoreland County, PA
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The Story of Story Mill-A Montana Community Working to Restore Wetlands
Story Mill, a 55-acre site on the outskirts of Bozeman, Montana, has undergone several transformations in recent history. The place is virtually a “mill of stories” with respect to land use, but originally it was a wetland.
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21. NONSLOW BURN CONSTRUCTION DETAIL, SECOND FLOOR OF 1816 MILL ...
21. NON-SLOW BURN CONSTRUCTION DETAIL, SECOND FLOOR OF 1816 MILL LOOKING WEST-SOUTHWEST; MOST FLOORS IN THE 1814 AND 1816 MILLS HAD ORIGINAL FLOORING REPLACED WITH SLOW BURN CONSTRUCTION. - Boston Manufacturing Company, 144-190 Moody Street, Waltham, Middlesex County, MA
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Effect of milling and leaching on the structure of sintered silicon
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Yeh, H. C.; Glascow, T. K.; Herbell, T. P.
1980-01-01
Sintering was performed in He for 16 hours at 1200, 1250, and 1300 C. Compacts of as-received Si did not densify during sintering. Milling reduced the average particle size to below 0.5 micrometer and enhanced densification (1.75 g/cc). Leaching milled Si further enhanced densification (1.90 g/cc max.) and decreased structural coarsening. After sintering, the structure of the milled and leached powder compacts appears favorable for the production of reaction bonded silicon nitride.
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1. STREETSCAPE VIEW OF 208 VINE STREET (FIRST HOUSE ON ...
1. STREETSCAPE VIEW OF 208 VINE STREET (FIRST HOUSE ON RIGHT) LOOKING WEST. THIS STRUCTURE WAS ONE OF APPROXIMATELY SEVENTEEN DUPLEXES BUILT AS THE ORIGINAL WORKER HOUSING FOR THE LaGRANGE COTTON MILLS, LATER KNOWN AS CALUMET MILL. LaGRANGE MILLS (1888-89) WAS THE FIRST COTTON MILL IN LaGRANGE. NOTE THE GABLE-ON-HIP ROOF FORM AND IDENTICAL STRUCTURES FACING EACH OTHER ALONG BOTH SIDES OF THE NARROW STREET. - 208 Vine Street (House), 208 Vine Street, La Grange, Troup County, GA
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1. VIEW OF SUPERINTENDENT'S HOUSE ON ROUTE 29, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. ...
1. VIEW OF SUPERINTENDENT'S HOUSE ON ROUTE 29, LOOKING SOUTHWEST. THIS TWO-STORY, HIPPED-ROOF STRUCTURE WITH A CENTRAL HALL AND CHIMNEY WAS CONSTRUCTED FOR THE SUPERINTENDENT OF STARK MILL, NEW ENGLAND SOUTHERN MILLS IN 1923-24. THE MILL ENGINEERS, LOCKWOOD GREENE COMPANY, ALSO DESIGNED AND BUILT THE NEW MILL HOUSING. THIS HOUSE HAS SEVEN ROOMS, BATH, SCREENED OUTSIDE PORCH AND SLEEPING PORCH, AND GARAGE. IT COST APPROXIMATELY $9,000. - Superintendent's House, Southwest corner of Routes 29 & 100, Hogansville, Troup County, GA
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5. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 18761889. Two sugar coolers ca. ...
5. RW Meyer Sugar Mill: 1876-1889. Two sugar coolers ca. 1880. View: After the concentrated syrup flowed out of the sorghum pan, it cooled and crystallized in these iron sugar coolers. After the sugar syrup was granulated and cooled it was dug out of the coolers and fed into the centrifugals. The Meyer Mill purchased twelve coolers between 1878 and 1881 costing between $35 and $45 each. - R. W. Meyer Sugar Mill, State Route 47, Kualapuu, Maui County, HI
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14. INTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING MESTACORLISS CROSSCOMPOUND ENGINE, FOR ...
14. INTERIOR OF ENGINE ROOM, CONTAINING MESTA-CORLISS CROSS-COMPOUND ENGINE, FOR 40" BLOOMING MILL. THIS VIEW HIGHLIGHTS THE CRANK AND 24' DIAMETER FLYWHEEL. THE ENGINE IS A 7,940 HP MESTA-CORLISS CROSS-COMPOUND STEAM ENGINE ITS BORE AND STROKE ARE 32"X84"X60". NOTE FLY BALL GOVERNOR ON ENGINE. MILL DRIVE SHAFT ATTACHED TO PULLEY ON LOCATED ON CRANK. - Republic Iron & Steel Company, Youngstown Works, Blooming Mill & Blooming Mill Engines, North of Poland Avenue, Youngstown, Mahoning County, OH
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9. THIRD IMAGE OF THE PANORAMIC SERIES WITH CONSIDERABLE OVERLAP. ...
9. THIRD IMAGE OF THE PANORAMIC SERIES WITH CONSIDERABLE OVERLAP. A SETTLING TANK, SMOKESTACK FROM THE MILL'S BOILER ROOM, MILL ANNEX AND OTHER MILL OUT BUILDINGS ARE IN THE MIDDLE RIGHT OF THE IMAGE THE SUPERINTENDENTS HOUSE IS IN THE MIDDLE LEFT OF THE IMAGE SPANNING FROM LEFT TO RIGHT IN THE BACKGROUND IS THE TOWN OF BODIE. IN THE FAR BACKGROUND LEFT IS THE ROAD THAT IS THE ACCESS PARK. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA
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Prospects of rice straw as a raw material for paper making.
Kaur, Daljeet; Bhardwaj, Nishi Kant; Lohchab, Rajesh Kumar
2017-02-01
Pulp and paper mills are indispensable for any nation as far as the growth of the nation is concerned. Due to fast growth in population, urbanization and industrialization, the demand and consumption of paper has increased tremendously. These put high load on our natural resources and force the industry to look for alternative raw material. Rice straw is a lignocellulosic material abundantly available in wood short countries like China, India, Bangladesh, etc. and can be used as raw material for this industry. Open burning of rice straw releases noxious green house gases to the air and poses serious threats to global air chemistry and human health. So, it is a dual benefit option (for farmers and industries) to use rice straw as a raw material in pulp and paper industry. Organosolv pulping using acids are the prominent choices of researchers to convert this residue into valuable pulp but in developed countries only. Developing world favours the soda and soda-AQ processes as these are economical. As a virtue of less lignin content in comparison to wood, rice straw requires less harsh conditions for cooking and can be easily pulped. Bleaching is a crucial step of paper making but also responsible for causing water pollution. Many studies revealed that during the process more than 500 chlorinated compounds are released that are highly toxic, bioaccumulative and carcinogenic in nature. Most of the industries over the globe switch on to the elemental chlorine free short sequence bleaching methods using chlorine dioxide, hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide. This paper presented the effective need of ecofriendly, economically reliable pulping and bleaching sequences in case of rice straw to eliminate the problems of chlorinated compounds in wastewater of paper mills. Such approach of using waste as a raw material with its environmentally safe processing for making paper can prove to be valuable towards sustainable growth. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Toward a better understanding of the lignin isolation process from wood.
Guerra, Anderson; Filpponen, Ilari; Lucia, Lucian A; Saquing, Carl; Baumberger, Stephanie; Argyropoulos, Dimitris S
2006-08-09
The recently developed protocol for isolating enzymatic mild acidolysis lignins (EMAL) coupled with the novel combination of derivatization followed by reductive cleavage (DFRC) and quantitative (31)P NMR spectroscopy were used to better understand the lignin isolation process from wood. The EMAL protocol is shown to offer access at lignin samples that are more representative of the overall lignin present in milled wood. The combination of DFRC/(31)P NMR provided a detailed picture on the effects of the isolation conditions on the lignin structure. More specifically, we have used vibratory and ball milling as the two methods of wood pulverization and have compared their effects on the lignin structures and molecular weights. Vibratory-milling conditions cause substantial lignin depolymerization. Lignin depolymerization occurs via the cleavage of uncondensed beta-aryl ether linkages, while condensed beta-aryl ethers and dibenzodioxocins were found to be resistant to such mechanical action. Condensation and side chain oxidations were induced mechanochemically under vibratory-milling conditions as evidenced by the increased amounts of condensed phenolic hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. Alternatively, the mild mechanical treatment offered by ball milling was found not to affect the isolated lignin macromolecular structure. However, the overall lignin yields were found to be compromised when the mechanical action was less intense, necessitating longer milling times under ball-milling conditions. As compared to other lignin preparations isolated from the same batch of milled wood, the yield of EMAL was about four times greater than the corresponding milled wood lignin (MWL) and about two times greater as compared to cellulolytic enzyme lignin (CEL). Molecular weight distribution analyses also pointed out that the EMAL protocol allows the isolation of lignin fractions that are not accessed by any other lignin isolation procedures.
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Jayasinghe, M A; Ekanayake, S; Nugegoda, D B
2013-12-01
Compare glycaemic response of foods prepared with finger millet flour, using traditional stone grinding and industrial milling. Crossover study. Healthy volunteers (n=11) consisting of five males and six females), aged between 20 and 30 years, with a body mass index of 18.5-23.5 Kgm-2. Blood glucose concentration was measured at fasting and 30, 45, 60, 90, 120 minutes after ingestion of roti and pittu made with stone ground or industrially milled finger millet flour, containing 50 g of available carbohydrates. Glycaemic Index (GI) values were expressed as the average value of the 11 subjects. Significant differences (p<0.05) in GI between similar food types made of flour milled using different methods were observed. GI for roti made of stone ground flour was 44±5 and that of roti made of industrially milled flour was 59±7. Pittu made of stone ground flour had a GI of 67±5 and GI of pittu made of industrially milled flour was 79±5. Microscopic analysis of flour samples and a sieving process using different sieve sizes showed larger particle size distribution in stone ground flour compared to industrially milled flour. Larger particle sizes in the stone ground flour compared with industrially milled flour was established as the only factor affecting the difference in GI of same type of food prepared with flour milled using different methods. There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in proximate compositions of the different foods or raw flours. Foods prepared with finger millet (kurakkan) flour with a larger particle size distribution resulted in a lower glycaemic response.
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Fabrication of micro-lens array on convex surface by meaning of micro-milling
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zhang, Peng; Du, Yunlong; Wang, Bo; Shan, Debin
2014-08-01
In order to develop the application of the micro-milling technology, and to fabricate ultra-precision optical surface with complex microstructure, in this paper, the primary experimental research on micro-milling complex microstructure array is carried out. A complex microstructure array surface with vary parameters is designed, and the mathematic model of the surface is set up and simulated. For the fabrication of the designed microstructure array surface, a micro three-axis ultra-precision milling machine tool is developed, aerostatic guideway drove directly by linear motor is adopted in order to guarantee the enough stiffness of the machine, and novel numerical control strategy with linear encoders of 5nm resolution used as the feedback of the control system is employed to ensure the extremely high motion control accuracy. With the help of CAD/CAM technology, convex micro lens array on convex spherical surface with different scales on material of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and pure copper is fabricated using micro tungsten carbide ball end milling tool based on the ultra-precision micro-milling machine. Excellent nanometer-level micro-movement performance of the axis is proved by motion control experiment. The fabrication is nearly as the same as the design, the characteristic scale of the microstructure is less than 200μm and the accuracy is better than 1μm. It prove that ultra-precision micro-milling technology based on micro ultra-precision machine tool is a suitable and optional method for micro manufacture of microstructure array surface on different kinds of materials, and with the development of micro milling cutter, ultraprecision micro-milling complex microstructure surface will be achieved in future.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Suwansukho, Kajpanya; Sumriddetchkajorn, Sarun; Buranasiri, Prathan
2012-11-01
Instead of considering only the amount of fluorescent signal spatially distributed on the image of milled rice grains this paper shows how our single-wavelength spectral-imaging-based Thai jasmine (KDML105) rice identification system can be improved by analyzing the shape and size of the image of each milled rice variety especially during the image threshold operation. The image of each milled rice variety is expressed as chain codes and elliptic Fourier coefficients. After that, a feed-forward back-propagation neural network model is applied, resulting in an improved average FAR of 11.0% and FRR of 19.0% in identifying KDML105 milled rice from the unwanted four milled rice varieties.
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Downhole vacuum cleans up tough fishing, milling jobs
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
LaLande, P.; Flanders, B.
1996-02-01
A unique tool developed to effect reverse circulation downhole is being used successfully in problem milling and fishing operations where conventional techniques fail to recover junk in the hole. Jointly developed by several major operators in conjunction with Baker Oil Tools, the patented Reverse Circulating Tool (RCT) acts as a downhole vacuum cleaner, catching and retaining debris circulated from the wellbore while allowing fishing, milling and washover operations to continue uninterrupted. As described in several case histories overviewed, the unique vacuuming action efficiently cleans up junk and debris in even the most difficult fishing and milling applications. Downhole operations proceedmore » normally, but without threat of damage from milled debris. Developers hold both mechanical and method patents on the RCT.« less
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Mechanism of solid state amorphization of glucose upon milling.
Dujardin, N; Willart, J F; Dudognon, E; Danède, F; Descamps, M
2013-02-07
Crystalline α-glucose is known to amorphize upon milling at -15 °C while it remains structurally invariant upon milling at room temperature. We have taken advantage of this behavior to compare the microstructural evolutions of the material in both conditions in order to identify the essential microstructural features which drive the amorphization process upon milling. The investigations have been performed by differential scanning calorimetry and by powder X-ray diffraction. The results indicate that two different amorphization mechanisms occur upon milling: an amorphization at the surface of crystallites due to the mechanical shocks and a spontaneous amorphization of the crystallites as they reach a critical size, which is close to 200 Å in the particular case of α-glucose.
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Process water reduction in a wire milling operation. 1989 summer intern report
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Alberg, J.
1989-12-31
Johnson Filtration Systems is a company located in New Brighton, Minnesota which employs 256 people. The focus of the project was to reduce the water usage of the wire milling operation. Water in the milling process is used to clean the wire and cool the mill components. Total annual water usage for this operation is six million gallons. The milling process changes the cross sectional shape of the wire by using flattening hammers and rollers. A synthetic coolant is used to enhance this process and remove heat. The coolant is removed from the wire as it is pulled through amore » squeegee, washed it with water and dried with an air knife.« less
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33 CFR 117.225 - Yellow Mill Channel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Yellow Mill Channel. 117.225 Section 117.225 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Connecticut § 117.225 Yellow Mill Channel. The...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-21
...] Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; Medicated Feed Mill... notice. This notice solicits comments on the medicated feed mill licensing system. DATES: Submit written... techniques, when appropriate, and other forms of information technology. Medicated Feed Mill Licensing...
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Oblique perspective, due east by 70 degrees. Note concrete pier, ...
Oblique perspective, due east by 70 degrees. Note concrete pier, added CA. 1930's. Other piers and abutments are heavily mortared rubble stone. - Watson Mill Bridge, Spanning South Fork Broad River, Watson Mill Road, Watson Mill Bridge State Park, Comer, Madison County, GA
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1. VIEW OF OFFICE OF THE NEVADA LUCKY TIGER MILL ...
1. VIEW OF OFFICE OF THE NEVADA LUCKY TIGER MILL AND MINE COMPLEX (FEATURE B-I), FACING NORTHEAST. ROAD TO HATCH ADIT IN THE FOREGROUND. (OCTOBER, 1995) - Nevada Lucky Tiger Mill & Mine, Office, East slope of Buckskin Mountain, Paradise Valley, Humboldt County, NV
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9. VIEW TO SOUTHSOUTHWEST, MINE WAREHOUSE, LABORATORY AND GRINDING/ROD MILL ...
9. VIEW TO SOUTH-SOUTHWEST, MINE WAREHOUSE, LABORATORY AND GRINDING/ROD MILL (FOREGROUND), AND SAMPLING BUILDING AND WATER TOWER (BACKGROUND). - Vanadium Corporation of America (VCA) Naturita Mill, 3 miles Northwest of Naturita, between Highway 141 & San Miguel River, Naturita, Montrose County, CO
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8. Photocopy of c. 1906 photograph taken from top of ...
8. Photocopy of c. 1906 photograph taken from top of water tank looking S at northeast end of Sugar Mill; mill pond at left. - Laurel Valley Sugar Plantation, Sugar Mill, 2 miles South of Thibodaux on State Route 308, Thibodaux, Lafourche Parish, LA
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61. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF LAUNDER FROM BAKER COOLER TO ...
61. VIEW FROM NORTHEAST OF LAUNDER FROM BAKER COOLER TO MILLING. LAUNDER PIERCES THE SOUTH FOUNDATION WALL BETWEEN MILL SOLUTION TANKS No. 1 AND No. 2. - Bald Mountain Gold Mill, Nevada Gulch at head of False Bottom Creek, Lead, Lawrence County, SD