Self-Alining Quick-Connect Joint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lucy, M. H.

1983-01-01

Quick connect tapered joint used with minimum manipulation and force. Split ring retainer holds locking ring in place. Minimal force required to position male in female joint, at which time split-ring retainers are triggered to release split locking rings. Originally developed to assemble large space structures, joint is simple, compact, strong, lightweight, self alining, and has no loose parts.

Comparative evaluation of 2.3 mm locking plate system vs conventional 2.0 mm non locking plate system for mandibular condyle fracture fixation: a seven year retrospective study.

PubMed

Zhang, J; Wang, X; Wu, R-H; Zhuang, Q-W; Gu, Q P; Meng, J

2015-01-01

This retrospective study evaluated the efficacy of a 2.3 mm locking plate/screw system compared with a 2.0-mm non-locking plate/screw system in fixation of isolated non comminuted mandibular condyle fractures. Surgical records of 101 patients who received either a 2.3 mm locking plate (group A, n = 51) or 2.0 mm non locking plate (group B, n = 50) were analyzed. All patients were followed up to a minimum of 6 months postoperatively and evaluated for hardware related complications, occlusal stability, need for and duration of MMF and mandibular functional results. Four complications occurred in the locking group and eighteen in the non locking group with complication rates equalling 8% and 36% respectively. When comparing the overall results according to plates used, the χ2 test showed a statistically significant difference between the locking and non locking plates (p < 0.001). Fewer patients required postoperative MMF in group A. Mandibular condyle fractures treated with a 2.3 mm locking plate exhibited stable osteosynthesis, were associated with minimal complications and resulted in acceptable mandibular range of motion compared with a 2.0 mm non locking plate.

35 GHz mode-locking of 1.3 μm quantum dot lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuntz, M.; Fiol, G.; Lämmlin, M.; Bimberg, D.; Thompson, M. G.; Tan, K. T.; Marinelli, C.; Penty, R. V.; White, I. H.; Ustinov, V. M.; Zhukov, A. E.; Shernyakov, Yu. M.; Kovsh, A. R.

2004-08-01

35GHz passive mode-locking of 1.3μm (InGa)As/GaAs quantum dot lasers is reported. Hybrid mode-locking was achieved at frequencies up to 20GHz. The minimum pulse width of the Fourier-limited pulses was 7ps with a peak power of 6mW. Low uncorrelated timing jitter below 1ps was found in cross correlation experiments. High-frequency operation of the lasers was eased by a ridge waveguide design that includes etching through the active layer.

Three-dimensional flat shell-to-shell coupling: numerical challenges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Kuo; Haikal, Ghadir

2017-11-01

The node-to-surface formulation is widely used in contact simulations with finite elements because it is relatively easy to implement using different types of element discretizations. This approach, however, has a number of well-known drawbacks, including locking due to over-constraint when this formulation is used as a twopass method. Most studies on the node-to-surface contact formulation, however, have been conducted using solid elements and little has been done to investigate the effectiveness of this approach for beam or shell elements. In this paper we show that locking can also be observed with the node-to-surface contact formulation when applied to plate and flat shell elements even with a singlepass implementation with distinct master/slave designations, which is the standard solution to locking with solid elements. In our study, we use the quadrilateral four node flat shell element for thin (Kirchhoff-Love) plate and thick (Reissner-Mindlin) plate theory, both in their standard forms and with improved formulations such as the linked interpolation [1] and the Discrete Kirchhoff [2] elements for thick and thin plates, respectively. The Lagrange multiplier method is used to enforce the node-to-surface constraints for all elements. The results show clear locking when compared to those obtained using a conforming mesh configuration.

Biomechanical evaluation of primary stiffness of tibiotalocalcaneal fusion with intramedullary nails.

PubMed

Mückley, Thomas; Eichorn, Stephan; Hoffmeier, Konrad; von Oldenburg, Geert; Speitling, Andreas; Hoffmann, Gunther O; Bühren, Volker

2007-02-01

Intramedullary implants are being used with increasing frequency for tibiotalocalcaneal fusion (TTCF). Clinically, the question arises whether intramedullary (IM) nails should have a compression mode to enhance biomechanical stiffness and fusion-site compression. This biomechanical study compared the primary stability of TTCF constructs using compressed and uncompressed retrograde IM nails and a screw technique in a bone model. For each technique, three composite bone models were used. The implants were a Biomet nail (static locking mode and compressed mode), a T2 femoral nail (compressed mode); a prototype IM nail 1 (PT1, compressed mode), a prototype IM nail 2 (PT2, dynamic locking mode and compressed mode), and a three-screw construct. The compressed contact surface of each construct was measured with pressure-sensitive film and expressed as percent of the available fusion-site area. Stiffness was tested in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion (D/P), varus and valgus (V/V), and internal rotation and external rotation (I/E) (20 load cycles per loading mode). Mean contact surfaces were 84.0 +/- 6.0% for the Biomet nail, 84.0 +/- 13.0% for the T2 nail, 70.0 +/- 7.2% for the PTI nail, and 83.5 +/- 5.5% for the compressed PT2 nail. The greatest primary stiffness in D/P was obtained with the compressed PT2, followed by the compressed Biomet nail. The dynamically locked PT2 produced the least primary stiffness. In V/V, PT1 had the (significantly) greatest primary stiffness, followed by the compressed PT2. The statically locked Biomet nail and the dynamically locked PT2 had the least primary stiffness in V/V. In I/E, the compressed PT2 had the greatest primary stiffness, followed by the PT1 and the T2 nails, which did not differ significantly from each other. The dynamically locked PT2 produced the least primary stiffness. The screw construct's contact surface and stiffness were intermediate. The IM nails with compression used for TTCF produced good contact surfaces and primary stiffness. They were significantly superior in these respects to the uncompressed nails and the screw construct. The large contact surfaces and great primary stiffness provided by the IM nails in a bone model may translate into improved union rates in patients who have TTCF.

25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

.... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

The role of adsorbed water on the friction of a layer of submicron particles

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sammis, Charles G.; Lockner, David A.; Reches, Ze’ev

2011-01-01

Anomalously low values of friction observed in layers of submicron particles deformed in simple shear at high slip velocities are explained as the consequence of a one nanometer thick layer of water adsorbed on the particles. The observed transition from normal friction with an apparent coefficient near μ = 0.6 at low slip speeds to a coefficient near μ = 0.3 at higher slip speeds is attributed to competition between the time required to extrude the water layer from between neighboring particles in a force chain and the average lifetime of the chain. At low slip speeds the time required for extrusion is less than the average lifetime of a chain so the particles make contact and lock. As slip speed increases, the average lifetime of a chain decreases until it is less than the extrusion time and the particles in a force chain never come into direct contact. If the adsorbed water layer enables the otherwise rough particles to rotate, the coefficient of friction will drop to μ = 0.3, appropriate for rotating spheres. At the highest slip speeds particle temperatures rise above 100°C, the water layer vaporizes, the particles contact and lock, and the coefficient of friction rises to μ = 0.6. The observed onset of weakening at slip speeds near 0.001 m/s is consistent with the measured viscosity of a 1 nm thick layer of adsorbed water, with a minimum particle radius of approximately 20 nm, and with reasonable assumptions about the distribution of force chains guided by experimental observation. The reduction of friction and the range of velocities over which it occurs decrease with increasing normal stress, as predicted by the model. Moreover, the analysis predicts that this high-speed weakening mechanism should operate only for particles with radii smaller than approximately 1 μm. For larger particles the slip speed required for weakening is so large that frictional heating will evaporate the adsorbed water and weakening will not occur.

Spatiotemporal Patterns of Contact Across the Rat Vibrissal Array During Exploratory Behavior

PubMed Central

Hobbs, Jennifer A.; Towal, R. Blythe; Hartmann, Mitra J. Z.

2016-01-01

The rat vibrissal system is an important model for the study of somatosensation, but the small size and rapid speed of the vibrissae have precluded measuring precise vibrissal-object contact sequences during behavior. We used a laser light sheet to quantify, with 1 ms resolution, the spatiotemporal structure of whisker-surface contact as five naïve rats freely explored a flat, vertical glass wall. Consistent with previous work, we show that the whisk cycle cannot be uniquely defined because different whiskers often move asynchronously, but that quasi-periodic (~8 Hz) variations in head velocity represent a distinct temporal feature on which to lock analysis. Around times of minimum head velocity, whiskers protract to make contact with the surface, and then sustain contact with the surface for extended durations (~25–60 ms) before detaching. This behavior results in discrete temporal windows in which large numbers of whiskers are in contact with the surface. These “sustained collective contact intervals” (SCCIs) were observed on 100% of whisks for all five rats. The overall spatiotemporal structure of the SCCIs can be qualitatively predicted based on information about head pose and the average whisk cycle. In contrast, precise sequences of whisker-surface contact depend on detailed head and whisker kinematics. Sequences of vibrissal contact were highly variable, equally likely to propagate in all directions across the array. Somewhat more structure was found when sequences of contacts were examined on a row-wise basis. In striking contrast to the high variability associated with contact sequences, a consistent feature of each SCCI was that the contact locations of the whiskers on the glass converged and moved more slowly on the sheet. Together, these findings lead us to propose that the rat uses a strategy of “windowed sampling” to extract an object's spatial features: specifically, the rat spatially integrates quasi-static mechanical signals across whiskers during the period of sustained contact, resembling an “enclosing” haptic procedure. PMID:26778990

Roller unlocking sprags

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A roller type sprag member consisting of three main elements, an outer roller half section, an inner roller half section, and an assembly-location pin. The sprag locks using roller locking techniques in a manner well known in the case of a three-dimensional (3-D) locking sprag. It unlocks, however, using a roll technique in which the inner and outer roller halves rotate in mutually opposite directions, one clockwise and the other counterclockwise. In the process of rotation, the roller is foreshortened between the distance across the sprag contact surfaces, whereupon it loses its ability to act as a locking sprag and releases.

Locking hinge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wesselski, Clarence J. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

The space station configuration currently studied utilizes structures which require struts to be hinged in the middle in the stowed mode and locked into place in the deployed mode. Since there are hundreds of hinges involved, it is necessary that they have simple, positive locking features with a minimum of joint looseness or slack. This invention comprises two similar housings hinged together with a spring loaded locking member which assists in making as well as breaking the lock. This invention comprises a bracket hinge and bracket members with a spring biased and movable locking member. The locking or latch member has ear parts received in locking openings where wedging surfaces on the ear parts cooperate with complimentary surfaces on the bracket members for bringing the bracket members into a tight end-to-end alignment when the bracket members are in an extended position. When the locking member is moved to an unlocking position, pivoting of the hinge about a pivot pin automatically places the locking member to retain the locking member in an unlocked position. In pivoting the hinge from an extended position to a folded position, longitudinal spring members are placed under tension over annular rollers so that the spring tension in a folded position assists in return of the hinge from a folded to an extended position. Novelty lies in the creation of a locking hinge which allows compact storage and easy assembly of structural members having a minimal number of parts.

Morbus-Locke's early essay on disease.

PubMed

Walmsley, J

2000-01-01

John Locke engaged in a systematic study of medicine from the late 1650's. In this period he acquainted himself with the three main competing natural philosophical theories of the time -Galenism, Paracelsianism and Mechanism. He was particularly interested in the work of Sennert, Helmont and Doyle. In 1666, just after the publication of Boyle's The Origine of Formes and Qualities, Locke wrote a short paper entitled Morbus. This paper gave Locke's own view of the nature of disease. Locke went out of his way to criticise Boyle's attempts to give mechanical explanations for biological phenomena. He endorsed Helmont's theory that disease was caused by "ferments" and "Archei" and re-introduced Galenic temperaments as factors of susceptibility in seminal diseases. Locke did not endorse a mechanical corpuscularianism at this stage in his career, when his contact with Boyle was most frequent. Consequently, Locke's espousal of the corpuscular philosophy in the Essay cannot be attributed to Locke's association with Boyle at this time.

75 FR 32094 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-07

... OBSTACLE DP, ORIG 1-Jul-10 TX DALLAS ADDISON 0/6690 4/21/10 TAKEOFF MINIMUMS AND OBSTACLE DP, AMDT 5 1-Jul.../10 ILS OR LOC RWY 10R, AMDT 3 1-Jul-10 PA LOCK HAVEN WILLIAM T. PIPER 0/9245 5/12/10 RNAV (GPS)-1...

Locked-wrap fuel rod

DOEpatents

Kaplan, Samuel; Chertock, Alan J.; Punches, James R.

1977-01-01

A method for spacing fast reactor fuel rods using a wire wrapper improved by orienting the wire-wrapped fuel rods in a unique manner which introduces desirable performance characteristics not attainable by previous wire-wrapped designs. Use of this method in a liquid metal fast breeder reactor results in: (a) improved mechanical performance, (b) improved rod-to-rod contact, (c) reduced steel volume, and (d) improved thermal-hydraulic performance. The method produces a "locked wrap" design which tends to lock the rods together at each of the wire cluster locations.

Gatekeeper Training in Campus Suicide Prevention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallack, Cory; Servaty-Seib, Heather L.; Taub, Deborah J.

2013-01-01

Gatekeeper training is one of the most commonly employed methods for identifying and intervening with at-risk students (Davidson and Locke, 2010). Within the context of campus suicide prevention, a gatekeeper is broadly defined as any individual who has the potential to come into contact with at-risk students (Davidson and Locke, 2010). Although…

Influence of viewing professional ice hockey on youth hockey injuries.

PubMed

Keays, G; Pless, B

2013-03-01

Most televised National Hockey League (NHL) games include violent body checks, illegal hits and fights. We postulated that minor league players imitated these behaviours and that not seeing these games would reduce the rate of injuries among younger hockey players. Using a quasi-experimental design, we compared 7 years of televised NHL matches (2002-2009) with the year of the NHL lock-out (2004/2005). Data from the Canadian Hospitals Injury Reporting and Prevention Program (CHIRPP) were used to identify the injuries and to ascertain whether they were due to intentional contact and illegal acts including fights. We found no significant differences in the proportions of all injuries and those involving intentional contact, violations or illegal acts among male minor league hockey players during the year when professional players were locked out and the years before and after the lock-out. We concluded that not seeing televised NHL violence may not reduce injuries, although a possible effect may have been obscured because there was a striking increase in attendance at equally violent minor league games during the lock-out.

Apollo lunar descent guidance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klumpp, A. R.

1974-01-01

Apollo lunar-descent guidance transfers the Lunar Module from a near-circular orbit to touchdown, traversing a 17 deg central angle and a 15 km altitude in 11 min. A group of interactive programs in an onboard computer guide the descent, controlling altitude and the descent propulsion system throttle. A ground-based program pre-computes guidance targets. The concepts involved in this guidance are described. Explicit and implicit guidance are discussed, guidance equations are derived, and the earlier Apollo explicit equation is shown to be an inferior special case of the later implicit equation. Interactive guidance, by which the two-man crew selects a landing site in favorable terrain and directs the trajectory there, is discussed. Interactive terminal-descent guidance enables the crew to control the essentially vertical descent rate in order to land in minimum time with safe contact speed. The altitude maneuver routine uses concepts that make gimbal lock inherently impossible.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Streza, M.; Dadarlat, D.; Strzałkowski, K.

An accurate determination of thermophysical properties such as thermal diffusivity, thermal effusivity and thermal conductivity is extremely important for characterization and quality assurance of semiconductors. Thermal diffusivity and effusivity of some binary semiconductors have been investigated. Two experimental techniques were used: a contact technique (PPE calorimetry) and a non contact technique (lock-in thermography). When working with PPE, in the back (BPPE) configuration and in the thermally thick regim of the pyroelectric sensor, we can get the thermal diffusivity of the sample by performing a scanning of the excitation frequency of radiation. Thermal effusivity is obtained in front configuration (sensor directlymore » irradiated and sample in back position) by performing a thickness scan of a coupling fluid. By using the lock-in thermography technique, the thermal diffusivity of the sample is obtained from the phase image. The results obtained by the two techniques are in good agreement. Nevertheless, for the determination of thermal diffusivity, lock-in thermography is preferred.« less

Distal tibia fractures: locked or non-locked plating? A systematic review of outcomes.

PubMed

Khalsa, Amrit S; Toossi, Nader; Tabb, Loni P; Amin, Nirav H; Donohue, Kenneth W; Cerynik, Douglas L

2014-06-01

Although plating is considered to be the treatment of choice in distal tibia fractures, controversies abound regarding the type of plating for optimal fixation. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate and compare the outcomes of locked plating and non-locked plating in treatment of distal tibia fractures. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify articles on the outcomes of plating in distal tibia fractures that were published up to June 2012. We included English language articles involving a minimum of 10 adult cases with acute fractures treated using single-plate, minimally invasive techniques. Study-level binomial regression on the pooled data was conducted to determine the effect of locking status on different outcomes, adjusted for age, sex, and other independent variables. 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis of 764 cases (499 locking, 265 non-locking). Based on descriptive analysis only, delayed union was reported in 6% of cases with locked plating and in 4% of cases with non-locked plating. Non-union was reported in 2% of cases with locked plating and 3% of cases with non-locked plating. Comparing locked and non-locked plating, the odds ratio (OR) for reoperation was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.03-0.57) and for malalignment it was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02-0.42). Both values were statistically significant. This study showed that locked plating reduces the odds of reoperation and malalignment after treatment for acute distal tibia fracture. Future studies should accurately assess causality and the clinical and economic impact of these findings.

Biomechanical investigation of an alternative concept to angular stable plating using conventional fixation hardware.

PubMed

Windolf, Markus; Klos, Kajetan; Wähnert, Dirk; van der Pol, Bas; Radtke, Roman; Schwieger, Karsten; Jakob, Roland P

2010-05-21

Angle-stable locking plates have improved the surgical management of fractures. However, locking implants are costly and removal can be difficult. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the biomechanical performance of a newly proposed crossed-screw concept ("Fence") utilizing conventional (non-locked) implants in comparison to conventional LC-DCP (limited contact dynamic compression plate) and LCP (locking compression plate) stabilization, in a human cadaveric diaphyseal gap model. In eight pairs of human cadaveric femora, one femur per pair was randomly assigned to receive a Fence construct with either elevated or non-elevated plate, while the contralateral femur received either an LCP or LC-DCP instrumentation. Fracture gap motion and fatigue performance under cyclic loading was evaluated successively in axial compression and in torsion. Results were statistically compared in a pairwise setting. The elevated Fence constructs allowed significantly higher gap motion compared to the LCP instrumentations (axial compression: p

Locality-Conscious Lock-Free Linked Lists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Braginsky, Anastasia; Petrank, Erez

We extend state-of-the-art lock-free linked lists by building linked lists with special care for locality of traversals. These linked lists are built of sequences of entries that reside on consecutive chunks of memory. When traversing such lists, subsequent entries typically reside on the same chunk and are thus close to each other, e.g., in same cache line or on the same virtual memory page. Such cache-conscious implementations of linked lists are frequently used in practice, but making them lock-free requires care. The basic component of this construction is a chunk of entries in the list that maintains a minimum and a maximum number of entries. This basic chunk component is an interesting tool on its own and may be used to build other lock-free data structures as well.

76 FR 52656 - Lock+Hydro Friends Fund VII; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-23

... Friends Fund VII; Notice of Preliminary Permit Application Accepted for Filing and Soliciting Comments, Motions To Intervene, and Competing Applications On August 4, 2011, Lock+Hydro Friends Fund VII, filed an... Friends Fund VII, 5090 Richmond Avenue 390, Houston, TX 77056; phone (877) 556- 6566 x709. FERC Contact...

Distal tibia fractures: locked or non-locked plating?

PubMed Central

Khalsa, Amrit S; Toossi, Nader; Tabb, Loni P; Amin, Nirav H; Donohue, Kenneth W; Cerynik, Douglas L

2014-01-01

Background and purpose Although plating is considered to be the treatment of choice in distal tibia fractures, controversies abound regarding the type of plating for optimal fixation. We conducted a systematic review to evaluate and compare the outcomes of locked plating and non-locked plating in treatment of distal tibia fractures. Patients and methods A systematic review was conducted using PubMed to identify articles on the outcomes of plating in distal tibia fractures that were published up to June 2012. We included English language articles involving a minimum of 10 adult cases with acute fractures treated using single-plate, minimally invasive techniques. Study-level binomial regression on the pooled data was conducted to determine the effect of locking status on different outcomes, adjusted for age, sex, and other independent variables. Results 27 studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis of 764 cases (499 locking, 265 non-locking). Based on descriptive analysis only, delayed union was reported in 6% of cases with locked plating and in 4% of cases with non-locked plating. Non-union was reported in 2% of cases with locked plating and 3% of cases with non-locked plating. Comparing locked and non-locked plating, the odds ratio (OR) for reoperation was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.03–0.57) and for malalignment it was 0.10 (95% CI: 0.02–0.42). Both values were statistically significant. Interpretation This study showed that locked plating reduces the odds of reoperation and malalignment after treatment for acute distal tibia fracture. Future studies should accurately assess causality and the clinical and economic impact of these findings. PMID:24758325

76 FR 73616 - Lock 12 Hydro Partners; FFP Project 107 LLC; Notice of Competing Preliminary Permit Applications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... applications, pursuant to section 4(f) of the Federal Power Act, proposing to study the feasibility of a... Lock and Dam No. 12, as directed by the Corps. Applicant Contact: Mr. David Brown Kinloch, Soft Energy.... Ramya Swaminathan, Free Flow Power Corp., 239 Causeway Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02114. (978) 283...

Key-lock colloids in a nematic liquid crystal.

PubMed

Silvestre, Nuno M; Tasinkevych, M

2017-01-01

The Landau-de Gennes free energy is used to study theoretically the effective interaction of spherical "key" and anisotropic "lock" colloidal particles. We assume identical anchoring properties of the surfaces of the key and of the lock particles, and we consider planar degenerate and perpendicular anchoring conditions separately. The lock particle is modeled as a spherical particle with a spherical dimple. When such a particle is introduced into a nematic liquid crystal, it orients its dimple at an oblique angle θ_{eq} with respect to the far field director n_{∞}. This angle depends on the depth of the dimple. Minimization results show that the free energy of a pair of key and lock particles exhibits a global minimum for the configuration when the key particle is facing the dimple of the lock colloidal particle. The preferred orientation ϕ_{eq} of the key-lock composite doublet relative to n_{∞} is robust against thermal fluctuations. The preferred orientation θ_{eq}^{(2)} of the dimple particle in the doublet is different from the isolated situation. This is related to the "direct" interaction of defects accompanying the key particle with the edge of the dimple. We propose that this nematic-amplified key-lock interaction can play an important role in self-organization and clustering of mixtures of colloidal particles with dimple colloids present.

25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit... count team shall be independent of transactions being reviewed and counted. The count team shall be...

25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit.... (4) The count team shall be independent of transactions being reviewed and counted. The count team...

RFI in hybrid loops - Simulation and experimental results.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ziemer, R. E.; Nelson, D. R.; Raghavan, H. R.

1972-01-01

A digital simulation of an imperfect second-order hybrid phase-locked loop (HPLL) operating in radio frequency interference (RFI) is described. Its performance is characterized in terms of phase error variance and phase error probability density function (PDF). Monte-Carlo simulation is used to show that the HPLL can be superior to the conventional phase-locked loops in RFI backgrounds when minimum phase error variance is the goodness criterion. Similar experimentally obtained data are given in support of the simulation data.

Frequency range selection method of trans-impedance amplifier for high sensitivity lock-in amplifier used in the optical sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Chang-In; Jeon, Su-Jin; Hong, Nam-Pyo; Choi, Young-Wan

2016-03-01

Lock-in amplifier (LIA) has been proposed as a detection technique for optical sensors because it can measure low signal in high noise level. LIA uses synchronous method, so the input signal frequency is locked to a reference frequency that is used to carry out the measurements. Generally, input signal frequency of LIA used in optical sensors is determined by modulation frequency of optical signal. It is important to understand the noise characteristics of the trans-impedance amplifier (TIA) to determine the modulation frequency. The TIA has a frequency range in which noise is minimized by the capacitance of photo diode (PD) and the passive component of TIA feedback network. When the modulation frequency is determined in this range, it is possible to design a robust system to noise. In this paper, we propose a method for the determination of optical signal modulation frequency selection by using the noise characteristics of TIA. Frequency response of noise in TIA is measured by spectrum analyzer and minimum noise region is confirmed. The LIA and TIA circuit have been designed as a hybrid circuit. The optical sensor is modeled by the laser diode (LD) and photo diode (PD) and the modulation frequency was used as the input to the signal generator. The experiments were performed to compare the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of the minimum noise region and the others. The results clearly show that the SNR is enhanced in the minimum noise region of TIA.

29 CFR 1917.151 - Machine guarding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... restarting upon restoration of power. (7) The power supply to machines shall be turned off, locked out, and... contact with moving parts. (2) Belt, rope and chain drives shall be guarded to prevent employees from coming into contact with moving parts. (3) Gears, sprockets and chains shall be guarded to prevent...

29 CFR 1917.151 - Machine guarding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... restarting upon restoration of power. (7) The power supply to machines shall be turned off, locked out, and... contact with moving parts. (2) Belt, rope and chain drives shall be guarded to prevent employees from coming into contact with moving parts. (3) Gears, sprockets and chains shall be guarded to prevent...

29 CFR 1917.151 - Machine guarding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... restarting upon restoration of power. (7) The power supply to machines shall be turned off, locked out, and... contact with moving parts. (2) Belt, rope and chain drives shall be guarded to prevent employees from coming into contact with moving parts. (3) Gears, sprockets and chains shall be guarded to prevent...

29 CFR 1917.151 - Machine guarding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... restarting upon restoration of power. (7) The power supply to machines shall be turned off, locked out, and... contact with moving parts. (2) Belt, rope and chain drives shall be guarded to prevent employees from coming into contact with moving parts. (3) Gears, sprockets and chains shall be guarded to prevent...

29 CFR 1917.151 - Machine guarding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... restarting upon restoration of power. (7) The power supply to machines shall be turned off, locked out, and... contact with moving parts. (2) Belt, rope and chain drives shall be guarded to prevent employees from coming into contact with moving parts. (3) Gears, sprockets and chains shall be guarded to prevent...

Comparative study of single lateral locked plating versus double plating in type C bicondylar tibial plateau fractures.

PubMed

Neogi, Devdatta Suhas; Trikha, Vivek; Mishra, Kaushal Kant; Bandekar, Shivanand M; Yadav, Chandra Shekhar

2015-01-01

Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries and treatment is challenging. Ideal method is still controversial with risk of unsatisfactory results if not treated properly. Many different techniques of internal and external fixation are used. This study compares the clinical results in single locked plating versus dual plating (DP) using two incision approaches. Our hypothesis was that DP leads to less collapse and change in alignment at final followup compared with single plating. 61 cases of Type C tibial plateau fractures operated between January 2007 and June 2011 were included in this prospective study. All cases were operated either by single lateral locked plate by anterolateral approach or double plating through double incision. All cases were followed for a minimum of 24 months radiologically and clinically. The statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS 10.0 to analyze the data. Twenty nine patients in a single lateral locked plate and 32 patients in a double plating group were followed for minimum 2 years. All fractures healed, however there was a significant incidence of malalignment in the single lateral plating group. Though there was a significant increase in soft tissue issues with the double plating group; however, there was only 3.12% incidence of deep infection. There was no significant difference in Hospital for special surgery score at 2 years followup. Double plating through two incisions resulted in a better limb alignment and joint reduction with an acceptable soft tissue complication rate.

Concept for a Differential Lock and Traction Control Model in Automobiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shukul, A. K.; Hansra, S. K.

2014-01-01

The automobile is a complex integration of electronics and mechanical components. One of the major components is the differential which is limited due to its shortcomings. The paper proposes a concept of a cost effective differential lock and traction for passenger cars to sports utility vehicles alike, employing a parallel braking mechanism coming into action based on the relative speeds of the wheels driven by the differential. The paper highlights the employment of minimum number of components unlike the already existing systems. The system was designed numerically for the traction control and differential lock for the world's cheapest car. The paper manages to come up with all the system parameters and component costing making it a cost effective system.

25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit... digital record, within seven (7) days by an employee independent of the count. (ii) [Reserved] (2) Count...

Spacer grid assembly and locking mechanism

DOEpatents

Snyder, Jr., Harold J.; Veca, Anthony R.; Donck, Harry A.

1982-01-01

A spacer grid assembly is disclosed for retaining a plurality of fuel rods in substantially parallel spaced relation, the spacer grids being formed with rhombic openings defining contact means for engaging from one to four fuel rods arranged in each opening, the spacer grids being of symmetric configuration with their rhombic openings being asymmetrically offset to permit inversion and relative rotation of the similar spacer grids for improved support of the fuel rods. An improved locking mechanism includes tie bars having chordal surfaces to facilitate their installation in slotted circular openings of the spacer grids, the tie rods being rotatable into locking engagement with the slotted openings.

Self-locking mechanical center joint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bush, H. G.; Wallsom, R. E. (Inventor)

1985-01-01

A device for connecting, rotating and locking together a pair of structural half columns is described. The device is composed of an identical pair of cylindrical hub assemblies connected at their inner faces by a spring loaded hinge; each hub assembly having a structural half column attached to its outer end. Each hub assembly has a spring loading locking ring member movably attached adjacent to its inner face and includes a latch member for holding the locking ring in a rotated position subject to the force of its spring. Each hub assembly also has a hammer member for releasing the latch on the opposing hub assembly when the hub assemblies are rotated together. The spring loaded hinge connecting the hub assemblies rotates the hub assemblies and attached structural half columns together bringing the inner faces of the opposing hub assemblies into contact with one another.

Reconnaissance Report for Hydropower, Lock and Dam Number 2, Mississippi River.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

these power values, please contact Mr. David Simon of my staff at (FTS) 353-6701 and he will assist you. Sincerely, •n F. Coffill, P.E. Regional...in our April 13, 1981 letter to you. If you have any questions regarding these power values, please contact Mr. David Simon of my staff at (FTS) 353

Comparative study of single lateral locked plating versus double plating in type C bicondylar tibial plateau fractures

PubMed Central

Neogi, Devdatta Suhas; Trikha, Vivek; Mishra, Kaushal Kant; Bandekar, Shivanand M.; Yadav, Chandra Shekhar

2015-01-01

Background: Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures are complex injuries and treatment is challenging. Ideal method is still controversial with risk of unsatisfactory results if not treated properly. Many different techniques of internal and external fixation are used. This study compares the clinical results in single locked plating versus dual plating (DP) using two incision approaches. Our hypothesis was that DP leads to less collapse and change in alignment at final followup compared with single plating. Materials and Methods: 61 cases of Type C tibial plateau fractures operated between January 2007 and June 2011 were included in this prospective study. All cases were operated either by single lateral locked plate by anterolateral approach or double plating through double incision. All cases were followed for a minimum of 24 months radiologically and clinically. The statistical analysis was performed using software SPSS 10.0 to analyze the data. Results: Twenty nine patients in a single lateral locked plate and 32 patients in a double plating group were followed for minimum 2 years. All fractures healed, however there was a significant incidence of malalignment in the single lateral plating group. Though there was a significant increase in soft tissue issues with the double plating group; however, there was only 3.12% incidence of deep infection. There was no significant difference in Hospital for special surgery score at 2 years followup. Conclusion: Double plating through two incisions resulted in a better limb alignment and joint reduction with an acceptable soft tissue complication rate. PMID:26015609

Jam proof closure assembly for lidded pressure vessels

DOEpatents

Cioletti, Olisse C.

1992-01-01

An expendable closure assembly is provided for use (in multiple units) with a lockable pressure vessel cover along its rim, such as of an autoclave. This assembly is suited to variable compressive contact and locking with the vessel lid sealing gasket. The closure assembly consists of a thick walled sleeve insert for retention in the under bores fabricated in the cover periphery and the sleeve is provided with internal threading only. A snap serves as a retainer on the underside of the sleeve, locking it into an under bore retention channel. Finally, a standard elongate externally threaded bolt is sized for mating cooperation with the so positioned sleeve, whereby the location of the bolt shaft in the cover bore hole determines its compressive contact on the underlying gasket.

Injection locking of optomechanical oscillators via acoustic waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Ke; Hossein-Zadeh, Mani

2018-04-01

Injection locking is a powerful technique for synchronization of oscillator networks and controlling the phase and frequency of individual oscillators using similar or other types of oscillators. Here, we present the first demonstration of injection locking of a radiation-pressure driven optomechanical oscillator (OMO) via acoustic waves. As opposed to previously reported techniques (based on pump modulation or direct application of a modulated electrostatic force), injection locking of OMO via acoustic waves does not require optical power modulation or physical contact with the OMO and it can easily be implemented on various platforms. Using this approach we have locked the phase and frequency of two distinct modes of a microtoroidal silica OMO to a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). We have characterized the behavior of the injection locked OMO with three acoustic excitation configurations and showed that even without proper acoustic impedance matching the OMO can be locked to the PZT and tuned over 17 kHz with only -30 dBm of RF power fed to the PZT. The high efficiency, simplicity and scalability of the proposed approach paves the road toward a new class of photonic systems that rely on synchronization of several OMOs to a single or multiple RF oscillators with applications in optical communication, metrology and sensing. Beyond its practical applications, injection locking via acoustic waves can be used in fundamental studies in quantum optomechanics where thermal and optical isolation of the OMO are critical.

Injection locking of optomechanical oscillators via acoustic waves.

PubMed

Huang, Ke; Hossein-Zadeh, Mani

2018-04-02

Injection locking is an effective technique for synchronization of oscillator networks and controlling the phase and frequency of individual oscillators. As such, exploring new mechanisms for injection locking of emerging oscillators is important for their usage in various systems. Here, we present the first demonstration of injection locking of a radiation pressure driven optomechanical oscillator (OMO) via acoustic waves. As opposed to previously reported techniques (based on pump modulation or direct application of a modulated electrostatic force), injection locking of OMO via acoustic waves does not require optical power modulation or physical contact with the OMO and it can be easily implemented on various platforms to lock different types of OMOs independent of their size and structure. Using this approach we have locked the phase and frequency of two distinct modes of a microtoroidal silica OMO to a piezoelectric transducer (PZT). We have characterized the behavior of the injection locked OMO with three acoustic excitation configurations and showed that even without proper acoustic impedance, matching the OMO can be locked to the PZT and tuned over 17 kHz with only -30 dBm of RF power fed to the PZT. The high efficiency, simplicity, and scalability of the proposed approach paves the road toward a new class of photonic systems that rely on synchronization of several OMOs to a single or multiple RF oscillators with applications in optical communication, metrology, and sensing. Beyond its practical applications, injection locking via acoustic waves can be used in fundamental studies in quantum optomechanics where thermal and optical isolation of the OMO are critical.

Multiplexed charge-locking device for large arrays of quantum devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puddy, R. K.; Smith, L. W.; Al-Taie, H.; Chong, C. H.; Farrer, I.; Griffiths, J. P.; Ritchie, D. A.; Kelly, M. J.; Pepper, M.; Smith, C. G.

2015-10-01

We present a method of forming and controlling large arrays of gate-defined quantum devices. The method uses an on-chip, multiplexed charge-locking system and helps to overcome the restraints imposed by the number of wires available in cryostat measurement systems. The device architecture that we describe here utilises a multiplexer-type scheme to lock charge onto gate electrodes. The design allows access to and control of gates whose total number exceeds that of the available electrical contacts and enables the formation, modulation and measurement of large arrays of quantum devices. We fabricate such devices on n-type GaAs/AlGaAs substrates and investigate the stability of the charge locked on to the gates. Proof-of-concept is shown by measurement of the Coulomb blockade peaks of a single quantum dot formed by a floating gate in the device. The floating gate is seen to drift by approximately one Coulomb oscillation per hour.

Multiwalled Carbon Nanotube/nanofiber Arrays as Conductive and Dry Adhesive Interface Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tong, Tao; Zhao, Yang; Delzeit, Lance; Majumdar, Arun; Kashani, Ali

2004-01-01

We demonstrate the possibility of making conductive and dry adhesive interfaces between multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and nanofiber (MWNF) arrays grown by chemical vapor deposition with transition-metal as catalyst on highly Boron doped silicon substrates. The maximum observed adhesion force between MWNT and MWNF surfaces is 3.5 mN for an apparent contact area of 2 mm by 4 mm. The minimum contact resistance measured at the same time is approx.20 Omega. Contact resistances of MWNT-MWNT and MWNT-gold interfaces were also measured as pressure forces around several mN were applied at the interface. The resulting minimum contact resistances are on the same order but with considerable variation from sample to sample. For MWNT-MWNT contacts, a minimum contact resistance of approx.1 Omega is observed for a contact area of 2 mm by 1 mm. The relatively high contact resistances, considering the area density of the nanotubes, might be explained by the high cross-tube resistances at the contact interfaces.

78 FR 26349 - Lock+TM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-06

... tubes that would be incorporated into the dyke; (5) a 69 kilovolt transmission line conveying the....asp . You must include your name and contact information at the end of your comments. For assistance...

Optimizing the fine lock performance of the Hubble Space Telescope fine guidance sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eaton, David J.; Whittlesey, Richard; Abramowicz-Reed, Linda; Zarba, Robert

1993-01-01

This paper summarizes the on-orbit performance to date of the three Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS's) in Fine Lock mode, with respect to acquisition success rate, ability to maintain lock, and star brightness range. The process of optimizing Fine Lock performance, including the reasoning underlying the adjustment of uplink parameters, and the effects of optimization are described. The Fine Lock optimization process has combined theoretical and experimental approaches. Computer models of the FGS have improved understanding of the effects of uplink parameters and fine error averaging on the ability of the FGS to acquire stars and maintain lock. Empirical data have determined the variation of the interferometric error characteristics (so-called 's-curves') between FGS's and over each FGS field of view, identified binary stars, and quantified the systematic error in Coarse Track (the mode preceding Fine Lock). On the basis of these empirical data, the values of the uplink parameters can be selected more precisely. Since launch, optimization efforts have improved FGS Fine Lock performance, particularly acquisition, which now enjoys a nearly 100 percent success rate. More recent work has been directed towards improving FGS tolerance of two conditions that exceed its original design requirements. First, large amplitude spacecraft jitter is induced by solar panel vibrations following day/night transitions. This jitter is generally much greater than the FGS's were designed to track, and while the tracking ability of the FGS's has been shown to exceed design requirements, losses of Fine Lock after day/night transitions are frequent. Computer simulations have demonstrated a potential improvement in Fine Lock tracking of vehicle jitter near terminator crossings. Second, telescope spherical aberration degrades the interferometric error signal in Fine Lock, but use of the FGS two-thirds aperture stop restores the transfer function with a corresponding loss of throughput. This loss requires the minimum brightness of acquired stars to be about one magnitude brighter than originally planned.

Passive mode locking of an in-band-pumped Ho:YLiF4 laser at 2.06 μm.

PubMed

Coluccelli, Nicola; Lagatsky, Alexander; Di Lieto, Alberto; Tonelli, Mauro; Galzerano, Gianluca; Sibbett, Wilson; Laporta, Paolo

2011-08-15

We demonstrate the passive mode-locking operation of an in-band-pumped Ho:YLiF(4) laser at 2.06 μm using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror based on InGaAsSb quantum wells. A transform-limited pulse train with minimum duration of 1.1 ps and average power of 0.58 W has been obtained at a repetition frequency of 122 MHz. A maximum output power of 1.7 W has been generated with a corresponding pulse duration of 1.9 ps. © 2011 Optical Society of America

NASA GSFC Report on CCSDS Recommendations 2.1.8A B Minimum Earth Station Transmitter Frequency Resolution for Spacecraft Receiver Acquisition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fong, Wai; Lee, Wing

2017-01-01

In Fall 2016, ESA presented paper SLS-RFM 16-10 documenting a possible issue with the frequency lock-in range specification in Recommendation 2.1.8A of typically 267 to 1067 Hz in considerings (b) from considerings (a) for loop bandwidths [2B(sub LO)] in the range of 200 to 800 Hz with a recommendation of 100 Hz step size for frequency sweeping. The paper calculated the lock-in range to be (+/-)266 to (+/-)1064 rad/s or (+/-)42 to (+/-)168 Hz. Also, Recommendation 2.1.8B has the same issue for considering (a) and (b), i.e. for 2B(sub LO) =10 Hz, a lock-in range of 13 Hz was specified and a recommendation of 5 Hz step size for frequency sweeping. ESA also provided test results from the Rosetta and Exomars transponders. The results were somewhat inconsistent since the tests to verify lock-in and pull-in range did not include acquisition time, which is vital to the definition of these performance measures. This paper will address these test results below. However, we first examine the rationale for Recommendation 2.1.8A/B and its consistency with the theory of 2nd order phase lock loop operations. Our approach is to design a digital phase locked loop (DPLL) from phase locked loop (PLL) requirements. All analysis will be performed with a DPLL.

Depression: Supporting a Family Member or Friend

MedlinePlus

... attempt suicide. For example, remove or lock up firearms, other weapons and medications. Call 911 or your ... means to attempt suicide, such as buying a gun or stockpiling pills Withdrawing from social contact and ...

Comparative study of the conformational lock, dissociative thermal inactivation and stability of euphorbia latex and lentil seedling amine oxidases.

PubMed

Amani, M; Moosavi-Movahedi, A A; Floris, G; Longu, S; Mura, A; Moosavi-Nejad, S Z; Saboury, A A; Ahmad, F

2005-04-01

The thermal stability of copper/quinone containing amine oxidases from Euphorbia characias latex (ELAO) and lentil seedlings (LSAO) was measured in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) following changes in absorbance at 292 nm. ELAO was shown to be about 10 degrees C more stable than LSAO. The dissociative thermal inactivation of ELAO was studied using putrescine as substrate at different temperatures in the range 47-70 degrees C, and a "conformational lock" was developed using the theory pertaining to oligomeric enzyme. Moreover ELAO was shown to be more stable towards denaturants than LSAO, as confirmed by dodecyl trimethylammonium bromide denaturation curves. A comparison of the numbers of contact sites in inter-subunits of ELAO relative to LSAO led us to conclude that the higher stability of ELAO to temperature and towards denaturants was due to the presence of larger number of contact sites in the conformational lock of the enzyme. This study also gives a putative common mechanism for thermal inactivation of amine oxidases and explains the importance of C-terminal conserved amino acids residues in this class of enzymes.

Relationship between locked modes and thermal quenches in DIII-D

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sweeney, R.; Choi, W.; Austin, M.; Brookman, M.; Izzo, V.; Knolker, M.; La Haye, R. J.; Leonard, A.; Strait, E.; Volpe, F. A.; The DIII-D Team

2018-05-01

Locked modes are known to be one of the major causes of disruptions, but the physical mechanisms by which locking leads to disruptions are not well understood. Here we analyze the evolution of the temperature profile in the presence of multiple coexisting locked modes during partial and full thermal quenches. Partial quenches are often observed to be an initial, distinct stage in the full thermal quench. Near the onset of partial quenches, locked island O-points are observed to align with each other on the midplane, and their widths are sufficient to overlap each other, as indicated by the Chirikov parameter. Energy conservation analysis of one partial thermal quench shows that the energy lost is both radiated in the divertor region, and conducted or convected to the divertor. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations support the interpretation of stochastic fields causing a partial axisymmetric collapse, though the simulated temperature profile exhibits less degradation than the experimental profiles. In discharges with minimum values of the safety factor above  ∼1.2, locked modes are observed to self-stabilize by inducing, possibly via double tearing modes, a minor disruption that removes their neoclassical drive. These high q min discharges often exhibit relatively low ratios of the plasma internal inductance to the safety factor at 95% of the poloidal flux, which might imply classical stability, in agreement with the decay of the mode when the neoclassical drive is removed.

Analysis of the PLL phase error in presence of simulated ionospheric scintillation events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forte, B.

2012-01-01

The functioning of standard phase locked loops (PLL), including those used to track radio signals from Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), is based on a linear approximation which holds in presence of small phase errors. Such an approximation represents a reasonable assumption in most of the propagation channels. However, in presence of a fading channel the phase error may become large, making the linear approximation no longer valid. The PLL is then expected to operate in a non-linear regime. As PLLs are generally designed and expected to operate in their linear regime, whenever the non-linear regime comes into play, they will experience a serious limitation in their capability to track the corresponding signals. The phase error and the performance of a typical PLL embedded into a commercial multiconstellation GNSS receiver were analyzed in presence of simulated ionospheric scintillation. Large phase errors occurred during scintillation-induced signal fluctuations although cycle slips only occurred during the signal re-acquisition after a loss of lock. Losses of lock occurred whenever the signal faded below the minimumC/N0threshold allowed for tracking. The simulations were performed for different signals (GPS L1C/A, GPS L2C, GPS L5 and Galileo L1). L5 and L2C proved to be weaker than L1. It appeared evident that the conditions driving the PLL phase error in the specific case of GPS receivers in presence of scintillation-induced signal perturbations need to be evaluated in terms of the combination of the minimumC/N0 tracking threshold, lock detector thresholds, possible cycle slips in the tracking PLL and accuracy of the observables (i.e. the error propagation onto the observables stage).

78 FR 6842 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-31

... for the wireless connectivity via the CoLo Console \\6\\ and would be subject to a one-year minimum lock...\\ The ``CoLo Console'' is a web-based ordering tool NASDAQ offers to enable members to place colocation...

Repetitively Mode-Locked Cavity-Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy (RML-CEAS) for Near-Infrared Gas Sensing

PubMed Central

Zheng, Chuantao; Wang, Yiding

2017-01-01

A Pound-Drever-Hall (PDH)-based mode-locked cavity-enhanced sensor system was developed using a distributed feedback diode laser centered at 1.53 µm as the laser source. Laser temperature scanning, bias control of the piezoelectric ceramic transducer (PZT) and proportional-integral-derivative (PID) feedback control of diode laser current were used to repetitively lock the laser modes to the cavity modes. A gas absorption spectrum was obtained by using a series of absorption data from the discrete mode-locked points. The 15 cm-long Fabry-Perot cavity was sealed using an enclosure with an inlet and outlet for gas pumping and a PZT for cavity length tuning. The performance of the sensor system was evaluated by conducting water vapor measurements. A linear relationship was observed between the measured absorption signal amplitude and the H2O concentration. A minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 1.5 × 10–8 cm–1 was achieved with an averaging time of 700 s. This technique can also be used for the detection of other trace gas species by targeting the corresponding gas absorption line. PMID:29207470

Generation of ultrashort pulses with minimum duration of 90\\ {\\text{fs}} in a hybrid mode-locked erbium-doped all-fibre ring laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dvoretskiy, D. A.; Sazonkin, S. G.; Voropaev, V. S.; Negin, M. A.; Leonov, S. O.; Pnev, A. B.; Karasik, V. E.; Denisov, L. K.; Krylov, A. A.; Davydov, V. A.; Obraztsova, E. D.

2016-11-01

Regimes of ultrashort pulse generation in an erbium-doped all-fibre ring laser with hybrid mode locking based on single-wall carbon - boron nitride nanotubes and the nonlinear Kerr effect in fibre waveguides are studied. Stable dechirped ultrashort pulses are obtained with a duration of ˜ 90 {\\text{fs}}, a repetition rate of ˜ 42.2 {\\text{MHz}}, and an average output power of ˜ 16.7 {\\text{mW}}, which corresponds to a pulse energy of ˜ 0.4 {\\text{nJ}} and a peak laser power of ˜ 4.4 {\\text{kW}}.

32 CFR 2001.53 - Open storage areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Open storage areas. 2001.53 Section 2001.53....53 Open storage areas. This section describes the minimum construction standards for open storage... storage. Doors other than those secured with the aforementioned locks shall be secured from the inside...

32 CFR 2001.53 - Open storage areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Open storage areas. 2001.53 Section 2001.53....53 Open storage areas. This section describes the minimum construction standards for open storage... storage. Doors other than those secured with the aforementioned locks shall be secured from the inside...

Screw-released roller brake

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A screw-released roller brake including an input drive assembly, an output drive assembly, a plurality of locking sprags, a mechanical tripper nut for unlocking the sprags, and a casing therefor. The sprags consist of three dimensional (3-D) sprag members having pairs of contact surface regions which engage respective pairs of contact surface regions included in angular grooves or slots formed in the casing and the output drive assembly. The sprags operate to lock the output drive assembly to the casing to prevent rotation thereof in an idle mode of operation. In a drive mode of operation, the tripper is either self actuated or motor driven and is translated linearly up and down against a spline and at the limit of its travel rotates the sprags which unlock while coupling the input drive assembly to the output drive assembly so as to impart a turning motion thereto in either a clockwise or counterclockwise direction.

Biomechanical analysis of fixation of middle third fractures of the clavicle.

PubMed

Drosdowech, Darren S; Manwell, Stuart E E; Ferreira, Louis M; Goel, Danny P; Faber, Kenneth J; Johnson, James A

2011-01-01

This biomechanical study compares four different techniques of fixation of middle third clavicular fractures. Twenty fresh-frozen clavicles were randomized into four groups. Each group used a different fixation device (3.5 Synthes reconstruction plate, 3.5 Synthes limited contact dynamic compression plate, 3.5 Synthes locking compression plate, and 4.5 DePuy Rockwood clavicular pin). All constructs were mechanically tested in bending and torque modes both with and without a simulated inferior cortical defect. Bending load to failure was also conducted. The four groups were compared using an analysis of variance test. The plate constructs were stiffer than the pin during both pure bending and torque loads with or without an inferior cortical defect. Bending load to failure with an inferior cortical defect revealed that the reconstruction plate was weaker compared with the other three groups. The limited contact and locking plates were stiffer than the reconstruction plate but demonstrated statistical significance only with the cortical defect. As hypothesized, the 3.5 limited contact dynamic compression plate and 3.5 locking compression plate demonstrated the greatest resistance to bending and torque loads, especially in the presence of simulated comminution of a middle third clavicular fracture. The reconstruction plate demonstrated lower stiffness and strength values compared with the other plates, especially with a cortical defect, whereas the pin showed poor resistance to bending and torque loads in all modes of testing. This information may help surgeons to choose the most appropriate method of fixation when treating fractures of the middle third of the clavicle.

Relationship between locked modes and thermal quenches in DIII-D

DOE PAGES

Sweeney, R.; Choi, W.; Austin, M.; ...

2018-03-28

Locked modes are known to be one of the major causes of disruptions, but the physical mechanisms by which locking leads to disruptions are not well understood. For this study, we analyze the evolution of the temperature profile in the presence of multiple coexisting locked modes during partial and full thermal quenches. Partial quenches are often observed to be an initial, distinct stage in the full thermal quench. Near the onset of partial quenches, locked island O-points are observed to align with each other on the midplane, and their widths are sufficient to overlap each other, as indicated by themore » Chirikov parameter. Energy conservation analysis of one partial thermal quench shows that the energy lost is both radiated in the divertor region, and conducted or convected to the divertor. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations support the interpretation of stochastic fields causing a partial axisymmetric collapse, though the simulated temperature profile exhibits less degradation than the experimental profiles. In discharges with minimum values of the safety factor above ~1.2, locked modes are observed to self-stabilize by inducing, possibly via double tearing modes, a minor disruption that removes their neoclassical drive. These high q min discharges often exhibit relatively low ratios of the plasma internal inductance to the safety factor at 95% of the poloidal flux, which might imply classical stability, in agreement with the decay of the mode when the neoclassical drive is removed.« less

Relationship between locked modes and thermal quenches in DIII-D

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sweeney, R.; Choi, W.; Austin, M.

Locked modes are known to be one of the major causes of disruptions, but the physical mechanisms by which locking leads to disruptions are not well understood. For this study, we analyze the evolution of the temperature profile in the presence of multiple coexisting locked modes during partial and full thermal quenches. Partial quenches are often observed to be an initial, distinct stage in the full thermal quench. Near the onset of partial quenches, locked island O-points are observed to align with each other on the midplane, and their widths are sufficient to overlap each other, as indicated by themore » Chirikov parameter. Energy conservation analysis of one partial thermal quench shows that the energy lost is both radiated in the divertor region, and conducted or convected to the divertor. Nonlinear resistive magnetohydrodynamic simulations support the interpretation of stochastic fields causing a partial axisymmetric collapse, though the simulated temperature profile exhibits less degradation than the experimental profiles. In discharges with minimum values of the safety factor above ~1.2, locked modes are observed to self-stabilize by inducing, possibly via double tearing modes, a minor disruption that removes their neoclassical drive. These high q min discharges often exhibit relatively low ratios of the plasma internal inductance to the safety factor at 95% of the poloidal flux, which might imply classical stability, in agreement with the decay of the mode when the neoclassical drive is removed.« less

Laser active thermography for non-destructive testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semerok, A.; Grisolia, C.; Fomichev, S. V.; Thro, P.-Y.

2013-11-01

Thermography methods have found their applications in different fields of human activity. The non-destructive feature of these methods along with the additional advantage by automated remote control and tests of nuclear installations without personnel attendance in the contaminated zone are of particular interest. Laser active pyrometry and laser lock-in thermography for in situ non-destructive characterization of micrometric layers on graphite substrates from European tokamaks were under extensive experimental and theoretical studies in CEA (France). The studies were aimed to obtain layer characterization with cross-checking the layer thermal contact coefficients determined by active laser pyrometry and lock-in thermography. The experimental installation comprised a Nd-YAG pulsed repetition rate laser (1 Hz - 10 kHz repetition rate frequency, homogeneous spot) and a home-made pyrometer system based on two pyrometers for the temperature measurements in 500 - 2600 K range. For both methods, the layer characterization was provided by the best fit of the experimental results and simulations. The layer thermal contact coefficients determined by both methods were quite comparable. Though there was no gain in the measurements accuracy, lock-in measurements have proved their advantage as being much more rapid. The obtained experimental and theoretical results are presented. Some practical applications and possible improvements of the methods are discussed.

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of elliptical contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.

1981-01-01

The determination of the minimum film thickness within contact is considered for both fully flooded and starved conditions. A fully flooded conjunction is one in which the film thickness is not significantly changed when the amount of lubricant is increased. The fully flooded results presented show the influence of contact geometry on minimum film thickness as expressed by the ellipticity parameter and the dimensionless speed, load, and materials parameters. These results are applied to materials of high elastic modulus (hard EHL), such as metal, and to materials of low elastic modulus(soft EHL), such as rubber. In addition to the film thickness equations that are developed, contour plots of pressure and film thickness are given which show the essential features of elastohydrodynamically lubricated conjunctions. The crescent shaped region of minimum film thickness, with its side lobes in which the separation between the solids is a minimum, clearly emerges in the numerical solutions. In addition to the 3 presented for the fully flooded results, 15 more cases are used for hard EHL contacts and 18 cases are used for soft EHL contacts in a theoretical study of the influence of lubricant starvation on film thickness and pressure. From the starved results for both hard and soft EHL contacts, a simple and important dimensionless inlet boundary distance is specified. This inlet boundary distance defines whether a fully flooded or a starved condition exists in the contact. Contour plots of pressure and film thickness in and around the contact are shown for conditions.

Universal Robotic Gripper Based on the Jamming of Granular Material

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-11-02

gas inside, can be turned into rigid molds for lifting the object. However, the mechanism for this transfor- mation was not understood and no data...are actuated passively by contact with the surface of the object to be gripped and are locked in place by a single active element, a pump that...interlocking between gripper and object surfaces, static friction from normal stresses at contact, and an additional suction effect , if the gripper

Cation-Size-Dependent Conformational Locking of Glutamic Acid by Alkali Ions: Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy of Cryogenic Ions.

PubMed

Klyne, Johanna; Bouchet, Aude; Ishiuchi, Shun-Ichi; Fujii, Masaaki; Dopfer, Otto

2018-03-01

Consolidated knowledge of conformation and stability of amino acids and their clusters is required to understand their biochemical recognition. Often, alkali ions interact with amino acids and proteins. Herein, infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectra of cryogenic metalated glutamic acid ions (GluM + , M = Li-Cs) are systematically analyzed in the isomer-specific fingerprint and XH stretch ranges (1100-1900, 2600-3600 cm -1 ) to provide a direct measure for cation-size-dependent conformational locking. GluM + ions are generated by electrospray ionization and cooled down to 15 K in a cryogenic quadrupole ion trap. The assignment of the IRPD spectra is supported by density functional theory calculations at the dispersion-corrected B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. In the global minimum of GluM + , the flexibility of Glu is strongly reduced by the formation of rigid ionic CO···M + ···OC metal bridges, corresponding to charge solvation. The M + binding energy decreases monotonically with increasing cation size from D 0 = 314 to 119 kJ/mol for Li-Cs. Whereas for Li and Na only the global minimum of GluM + is observed, for K-Cs at least three isomers exist at cryogenic temperature. The IRPD spectra of cold GluM + ions are compared to IR multiple-photon dissociation spectra measured at room temperature. Furthermore, we elucidate the differences of the impact of protonation and metalation on the structure and conformational locking of Glu.

Volar fixed-angle plating of extra-articular distal radius fractures--a biomechanical analysis comparing threaded screws and smooth pegs.

PubMed

Weninger, Patrick; Dall'Ara, Enrico; Leixnering, Martin; Pezzei, Christoph; Hertz, Harald; Drobetz, Herwig; Redl, Heinz; Zysset, Philippe

2010-11-01

Distal radius fractures represent the most common fractures in adult individuals. Volar fixed-angle plating has become a popular modality for treating unstable distal radius fractures. Most of the plates allow insertion of either threaded locking screws or smooth locking pegs. To date, no biomechanical studies compare locking screws and pegs under axial and torsional loading. Ten Sawbones radii were used to simulate an AO/OTA A3 fracture. Volar fixed-angle plates (Aptus Radius 2.5, Medartis, Switzerland) with threaded locking screws (n = 5) or smooth locking pegs (n = 5) were used to fix the distal metaphyseal fragment. Each specimen was tested under axial compression and under torsional load with a servohydraulic testing machine. Qualitative parameters were recorded as well as axial and torsional stiffness, torsion strength, energy absorbed during monotonic loading and energy absorbed in one cycle. Axial stiffness was comparable between both groups (p = 0.818). If smooth pegs were used, a 17% reduction of torsional stiffness (p = 0.017) and a 12% reduction of minimum torque (p = 0.012) were recorded. A 12% reduction of energy absorbed (p = 0.013) during monotonic loading and unloading was recorded if smooth pegs were used. A 34% reduction of energy absorbed in one cycle (p < 0.007) was recorded if threaded screws were used. Sliding of the pegs out of the distal radius metaphyses of the synthetic bones was recorded at a mean torque of 3.80 Nm ± 0.19 Nm. No sliding was recorded if threaded screws were used. According to the results of this study using Sawbones, volar fixed-angle plates with threaded locking screws alone are mechanically superior to volar fixed-angle plates with smooth locking pegs alone under torsional loading.

Process Sensitivity, Performance, and Direct Verification Testing of Adhesive Locking Features

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golden, Johnny L.; Leatherwood, Michael D.; Montoya, Michael D.; Kato, Ken A.; Akers, Ed

2012-01-01

Phase I: The use of adhesive locking features or liquid locking compounds (LLCs) (e.g., Loctite) as a means of providing a secondary locking feature has been used on NASA programs since the Apollo program. In many cases Loctite was used as a last resort when (a) self-locking fasteners were no longer functioning per their respective drawing specification, (b) access was limited for removal & replacement, or (c) replacement could not be accomplished without severe impact to schedule. Long-term use of Loctite became inevitable in cases where removal and replacement of worn hardware was not cost effective and Loctite was assumed to be fully cured and working. The NASA Engineering & Safety Center (NESC) and United Space Alliance (USA) recognized the need for more extensive testing of Loctite grades to better understand their capabilities and limitations as a secondary locking feature. These tests, identified as Phase I, were designed to identify processing sensitivities, to determine proper cure time, the correct primer to use on aerospace nutplate, insert and bolt materials such as A286 and MP35N, and the minimum amount of Loctite that is required to achieve optimum breakaway torque values. The .1900-32 was the fastener size tested, due to wide usage in the aerospace industry. Three different grades of Loctite were tested. Results indicate that, with proper controls, adhesive locking features can be successfully used in the repair of locking features and should be considered for design. Phase II: Threaded fastening systems used in aerospace programs typically have a requirement for a redundant locking feature. The primary locking method is the fastener preload and the traditional redundant locking feature is a self-locking mechanical device that may include deformed threads, non-metallic inserts, split beam features, or other methods that impede movement between threaded members. The self-locking resistance of traditional locking features can be directly verified during assembly by measuring the dynamic prevailing torque. Adhesive locking features or LLCs are another method of providing redundant locking, but a direct verification method has not been used in aerospace applications to verify proper installation when using LLCs because of concern for damage to the adhesive bond. The reliability of LLCs has also been questioned due to failures observed during testing with coupons for process verification, although the coupon failures have often been attributed to a lack of proper procedures. It is highly desirable to have a direct method of verifying the LLC cure or bond integrity. The purpose of the Phase II test program was to determine if the torque applied during direct verification of an adhesive locking feature degrades that locking feature. This report documents the test program used to investigate the viability of such a direct verification method. Results of the Phase II testing were positive, and additional investigation of direct verification of adhesive locking features is merited.

Non-destructive Measurement of Total Carotenoid Content in Processed Tomato Products: Infrared Lock-In Thermography, Near-Infrared Spectroscopy/Chemometrics, and Condensed Phase Laser-Based Photoacoustics—Pilot Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bicanic, D.; Streza, M.; Dóka, O.; Valinger, D.; Luterotti, S.; Ajtony, Zs.; Kurtanjek, Z.; Dadarlat, D.

2015-09-01

Carotenes found in a diversity of fruits and vegetables are among important natural antioxidants. In a study described in this paper, the total carotenoid content (TCC) in seven different products derived from thermally processed tomatoes was determined using laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS), infrared lock-in thermography (IRLIT), and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) combined with chemometrics. Results were verified versus data obtained by traditional VIS spectrophotometry (SP) that served as a reference technique. Unlike SP, the IRLIT, NIRS, and LPAS require a minimum of sample preparation which enables practically direct quantification of the TCC.

Tangential Bicortical Locked Fixation Improves Stability in Vancouver B1 Periprosthetic Femur Fractures: A Biomechanical Study.

PubMed

Lewis, Gregory S; Caroom, Cyrus T; Wee, Hwabok; Jurgensmeier, Darin; Rothermel, Shane D; Bramer, Michelle A; Reid, John Spence

2015-10-01

The biomechanical difficulty in fixation of a Vancouver B1 periprosthetic fracture is purchase of the proximal femoral segment in the presence of the hip stem. Several newer technologies provide the ability to place bicortical locking screws tangential to the hip stem with much longer lengths of screw purchase compared with unicortical screws. This biomechanical study compares the stability of 2 of these newer constructs to previous methods. Thirty composite synthetic femurs were prepared with cemented hip stems. The distal femur segment was osteotomized, and plates were fixed proximally with either (1) cerclage cables, (2) locked unicortical screws, (3) a composite of locked screws and cables, or tangentially directed bicortical locking screws using either (4) a stainless steel locking compression plate system with a Locking Attachment Plate (Synthes) or (5) a titanium alloy Non-Contact Bridging system (Zimmer). Specimens were tested to failure in either axial or torsional quasistatic loading modes (n = 3) after 20 moderate load preconditioning cycles. Stiffness, maximum force, and failure mechanism were determined. Bicortical constructs resisted higher (by an average of at least 27%) maximum forces than the other 3 constructs in torsional loading (P < 0.05). Cables constructs exhibited lower maximum force than all other constructs, in both axial and torsional loading. The bicortical titanium construct was stiffer than the bicortical stainless steel construct in axial loading. Proximal fixation stability is likely improved with the use of bicortical locking screws as compared with traditional unicortical screws and cable techniques. In this study with a limited sample size, we found the addition of cerclage cables to unicortical screws may not offer much improvement in biomechanical stability of unstable B1 fractures.

Non-contact skid resistance measurement : final report, December 2009.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-12-01

In this research, a correlation between the SN40R collected by locked wheel skid tester and the : texture data or Mean Profile Depth (MPD) collected by a vehicle mounted laser operating at highway : speeds was developed. The proposed correlation betw...

76 FR 66615 - Airworthiness Directives; Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation (Sikorsky) Model S-92A Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... actuators were manufactured with down-lock keys that did not meet the specified minimum hardness... Transportation, Docket Operations, M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE... Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, between 9 a.m. and...

75 FR 42308 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-21

... previously by the FAA in a Flight Data Center (FDC) Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) as an emergency action of immediate flight safety relating directly to published aeronautical charts. The circumstances which created... Locks, CT, Bradley Intl, RNAV (RNP) Z RWY 15, Orig-A Orlando, FL, Kissimmee Gateway, ILS OR LOC RWY 15...

Elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts. Ph.D. Thesis - Leeds Univ.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.

1976-01-01

A procedure for the numerical solution of the complete, isothermal, elastohydrodynamic lubrication problem for point contacts is given. This procedure calls for the simultaneous solution of the elasticity and Reynolds equations. By using this theory the influence of the ellipticity parameter and the dimensionless speed, load, and material parameters on the minimum and central film thicknesses was investigated. Thirty-four different cases were used in obtaining the fully flooded minimum- and central-film-thickness formulas. Lubricant starvation was also studied. From the results it was possible to express the minimum film thickness for a starved condition in terms of the minimum film thickness for a fully flooded condition, the speed parameter, and the inlet distance. Fifteen additional cases plus three fully flooded cases were used in obtaining this formula. Contour plots of pressure and film thickness in and around the contact have been presented for both fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions.

An Initial Investigation of Factors Affecting Multi-Task Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

locked cabinet. Complete confidentiality cannot be promised, particularly if you are a military service member, because information bearing on your...Male ___ Female 3. Do you wear glasses? ___ Yes ___ No 4. Is your vision corrected to 20/20 with eyeglasses or contacts? ___Yes ___ No

Statistical theory and applications of lock-in carrierographic image pixel brightness dependence on multi-crystalline Si solar cell efficiency and photovoltage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandelis, Andreas; Zhang, Yu; Melnikov, Alexander

2012-09-01

A solar cell lock-in carrierographic image generation theory based on the concept of non-equilibrium radiation chemical potential was developed. An optoelectronic diode expression was derived linking the emitted radiative recombination photon flux (current density), the solar conversion efficiency, and the external load resistance via the closed- and/or open-circuit photovoltage. The expression was shown to be of a structure similar to the conventional electrical photovoltaic I-V equation, thereby allowing the carrierographic image to be used in a quantitative statistical pixel brightness distribution analysis with outcome being the non-contacting measurement of mean values of these important parameters averaged over the entire illuminated solar cell surface. This is the optoelectronic equivalent of the electrical (contacting) measurement method using an external resistor circuit and the outputs of the solar cell electrode grid, the latter acting as an averaging distribution network over the surface. The statistical theory was confirmed using multi-crystalline Si solar cells.

Passive mode-locking of 3.25μm GaSb-based type-I quantum-well cascade diode lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Tao; Shterengas, Leon; Kipshidze, Gela; Hosoda, Takashi; Wang, Meng; Belenky, Gregory

2018-02-01

Passively mode-locked type-I quantum well cascade diode lasers emitting in the methane absorption band near 3.25 μm were designed, fabricated and characterized. The deep etched 5.5-μm-wide single spatial mode ridge waveguide design utilizing split-contact architecture was implemented. The devices with absorber to gain section length ratios of 11% and 5.5% were studied. Lasers with the longer absorber section ( 300 μm) generated smooth bell-shape-like emission spectrum with about 30 lasing modes at full-width-at-half-maximum level. Devices with reverse biased absorber section demonstrated stable radio frequency beat with nearly perfect Lorentzian shape over four orders of magnitude of intensity. The estimated pulse-to-pulse timing jitter was about 110 fs/cycle. Laser generated average power of more than 1 mW in mode-locked regime.

FAST ACTING CURRENT SWITCH

DOEpatents

Batzer, T.H.; Cummings, D.B.; Ryan, J.F.

1962-05-22

A high-current, fast-acting switch is designed for utilization as a crowbar switch in a high-current circuit such as used to generate the magnetic confinement field of a plasma-confining and heat device, e.g., Pyrotron. The device particularly comprises a cylindrical housing containing two stationary, cylindrical contacts between which a movable contact is bridged to close the switch. The movable contact is actuated by a differential-pressure, airdriven piston assembly also within the housing. To absorb the acceleration (and the shock imparted to the device by the rapidly driven, movable contact), an adjustable air buffer assembly is provided, integrally connected to the movable contact and piston assembly. Various safety locks and circuit-synchronizing means are also provided to permit proper cooperation of the invention and the high-current circuit in which it is installed. (AEC)

Army Physical Readiness Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

The lower leg pad is adjusted to contact the lower legs just above the ankle , allowing the lower leg to be fully extended, but not locked. The lower...contacts the lower legs just behind the ankles .  The hips, low back, shoulders, and head are firmly against the seat back.  Maintain a natural arch in...count 1 and inhale on count 2. Precautions: Avoid flexing or extending the trunk. Do not allow the ankles to turn in or out. C hapter 6 6-40 T C 3

Quantizing and sampling considerations in digital phased-locked loops

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hurst, G. T.; Gupta, S. C.

1974-01-01

The quantizer problem is first considered. The conditions under which the uniform white sequence model for the quantizer error is valid are established independent of the sampling rate. An equivalent spectral density is defined for the quantizer error resulting in an effective SNR value. This effective SNR may be used to determine quantized performance from infinitely fine quantized results. Attention is given to sampling rate considerations. Sampling rate characteristics of the digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) structure are investigated for the infinitely fine quantized system. The predicted phase error variance equation is examined as a function of the sampling rate. Simulation results are presented and a method is described which enables the minimum required sampling rate to be determined from the predicted phase error variance equations.

Performance of chemical vapor deposition fabricated graphene absorber mirror in Yb3+ : Sc2SiO5 mode-locked laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, Wei; Li, Yaqi; Zhu, Hongtong; Jiang, Shouzhen; Xu, Shicai; Liu, Jie; Zheng, Lihe; Su, Liangbi; Xu, Jun

2014-12-01

A reflective graphene saturable absorber mirror (SAM) was successfully fabricated by chemical vapor deposition technology. A stable diode-pumped passively mode-locked Yb3+:Sc2SiO5 laser using a graphene SAM as a saturable absorber was accomplished for the first time. The measured average output power amounts to 351 mW under the absorbed pump power of 12.5 W. Without prisms compensating for dispersion, the minimum pulse duration of 7 ps with a repetition rate of 97 MHz has been obtained at the central wavelength of 1063 nm. The corresponding peak power and the maximum pulse energy were 516 W and 3.6 nJ, respectively.

Method for contact resistivity measurements on photovoltaic cells and cell adapted for such measurement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burger, Dale R. (Inventor)

1986-01-01

A method is disclosed for scribing at least three grid contacts of a photovoltaic cell to electrically isolate them from the grid contact pattern used to collect solar current generated by the cell, and using the scribed segments for determining parameters of the cell by a combination of contact end resistance (CER) measurements using a minimum of three equally or unequally spaced lines, and transmission line modal (TLM) measurements using a minimum of four unequally spaced lines. TLM measurements may be used to determine sheet resistance under the contact, R.sub.sk, while CER measurements are used to determine contact resistivity, .rho..sub.c, from a nomograph of contact resistivity as a function of contact end resistance and sheet resistivity under the contact. In some cases, such as the case of silicon photovoltaic cells, sheet resistivity under the contact may be assumed to be equal to the known sheet resistance, R.sub.s, of the semiconductor material, thereby obviating the need for TLM measurements to determine R.sub.sk.

Effect of bait delivery rate in a GreenFeed system on methane emission estimates from cattle grazing rangeland

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of bait delivery rate on methane emission estimates measured by a GreenFeed system (GFS; C-Lock, Inc., Rapid City, SD). The manufacture recommends that cattle have a minimum visit time of 3 minutes so that at least 3 eructations are captured to ...

Performance evaluation of digital phase-locked loops for advanced deep space transponders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, T. M.; Hinedi, S. M.; Yeh, H.-G.; Kyriacou, C.

1994-01-01

The performances of the digital phase-locked loops (DPLL's) for the advanced deep-space transponders (ADT's) are investigated. DPLL's considered in this article are derived from the analog phase-locked loop, which is currently employed by the NASA standard deep space transponder, using S-domain to Z-domain mapping techniques. Three mappings are used to develop digital approximations of the standard deep space analog phase-locked loop, namely the bilinear transformation (BT), impulse invariant transformation (IIT), and step invariant transformation (SIT) techniques. The performance in terms of the closed loop phase and magnitude responses, carrier tracking jitter, and response of the loop to the phase offset (the difference between in incoming phase and reference phase) is evaluated for each digital approximation. Theoretical results of the carrier tracking jitter for command-on and command-off cases are then validated by computer simulation. Both theoretical and computer simulation results show that at high sampling frequency, the DPLL's approximated by all three transformations have the same tracking jitter. However, at low sampling frequency, the digital approximation using BT outperforms the others. The minimum sampling frequency for adequate tracking performance is determined for each digital approximation of the analog loop. In addition, computer simulation shows that the DPLL developed by BT provides faster response to the phase offset than IIT and SIT.

DFB fiber laser static strain sensor based on beat frequency interrogation with a reference fiber laser locked to a FBG resonator.

PubMed

Huang, Wenzhu; Feng, Shengwen; Zhang, Wentao; Li, Fang

2016-05-30

We report on a high-resolution static strain sensor developed with distributed feedback (DFB) fiber laser. A reference FBG resonator is used for temperature compensation. Locking another independent fiber laser to the resonator using the Pound-Drever-Hall technique results in a strain power spectral density better than S_ε(f) = (4.6 × 10^-21) ε²/Hz in the frequency range from 1 Hz to 1 kHz, corresponding to a minimum dynamic strain resolution of 67.8 pε/√Hz. This frequency stabilized fiber laser is proposed to interrogate the sensing DFB fiber laser by the beat frequency principle. As a reasonable DFB fiber laser setup is realized, a narrow beat frequency line-width of 3.23 kHz and a high beat frequency stability of 0.036 MHz in 15 minutes are obtained in the laboratory test, corresponding to a minimum static strain resolution of 270 pε. This is the first time that a sub-0.5 nε level for static strain measurement using DFB fiber laser is demonstrated.

Direction-dependent force-induced dissociation dynamics of an entropic-driven lock-and-key assembly.

PubMed

Chen, Yen-Fu; Chen, Hsuan-Yi; Sheng, Yu-Jane; Tsao, Heng-Kwong

2017-09-01

The unbinding dynamics of a nanosized sphere-and-cavity assembly under the pulling of constant force and constant loading rate is explored by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The formation of this matched lock-and-key pair in a polymer solution is driven by the depletion attraction. The two-dimensional free energy landscape U(x,z) associated with this assembly is constructed. Our results indicate that the unbinding pathway along the orientation of the assembly is unfavorable due to the relatively high energy barrier compared to that along the tortuous minimum path whose energy barrier is not high. It is also found that the dissociation rate depends on the direction of the external force (θ) with respect to the assembly orientation. The presence of the force component perpendicular to the assembly orientation can reduce the bond lifetime significantly by driving the key particle to approach the minimum path. Moreover, the dissociation dynamics can be facilitated even by a pushing force compared to the spontaneous dissociation (without forces). To elucidate the effective pathway under pulling, the escaping position is analyzed and its mean direction with respect to the assembly orientation rises generally with increasing θ, revealing that the presence of the force component along the minimum pathway is helpful. The importance of the direction of the external pulling has been demonstrated in our simple system. Therefore, this effect should be considered in more complicated unbinding experiments.

Direction-dependent force-induced dissociation dynamics of an entropic-driven lock-and-key assembly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yen-Fu; Chen, Hsuan-Yi; Sheng, Yu-Jane; Tsao, Heng-Kwong

2017-09-01

The unbinding dynamics of a nanosized sphere-and-cavity assembly under the pulling of constant force and constant loading rate is explored by dissipative particle dynamics simulations. The formation of this matched lock-and-key pair in a polymer solution is driven by the depletion attraction. The two-dimensional free energy landscape U (x ,z ) associated with this assembly is constructed. Our results indicate that the unbinding pathway along the orientation of the assembly is unfavorable due to the relatively high energy barrier compared to that along the tortuous minimum path whose energy barrier is not high. It is also found that the dissociation rate depends on the direction of the external force (θ ) with respect to the assembly orientation. The presence of the force component perpendicular to the assembly orientation can reduce the bond lifetime significantly by driving the key particle to approach the minimum path. Moreover, the dissociation dynamics can be facilitated even by a pushing force compared to the spontaneous dissociation (without forces). To elucidate the effective pathway under pulling, the escaping position is analyzed and its mean direction with respect to the assembly orientation rises generally with increasing θ , revealing that the presence of the force component along the minimum pathway is helpful. The importance of the direction of the external pulling has been demonstrated in our simple system. Therefore, this effect should be considered in more complicated unbinding experiments.

Second generation locked plating for complex proximal humerus fractures in very elderly patients.

PubMed

Gavaskar, Ashok S; Karthik B, Bhupesh; Tummala, Naveen C; Srinivasan, Parthasarathy; Gopalan, Hitesh

2016-11-01

Humeral head sacrificing procedures are more favored in elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures because of high incidence of failures and complications with osteosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of second generation locked plating techniques in 3 and 4 part fractures in active elderly patients >70years with an emphasis on function and complications. 29 patients with displaced 3 and 4 part proximal humerus fractures were treated using the principles of second-generation proximal humerus locked plating. Fixed angle locked plating (PHILOS) using the anterolateral deltoid spilt approach augmented with traction cuff sutures was performed. Minimum of 7 locking head screws including 2 calcar screws were used. In cases with a comminuted medial calcar, an endosteal fibular strut was used. Subchondral metaphyseal bone voids were filled with injectable calcium phosphate cement. Radiological outcome (union, head - shaft angle, tuberosity reduction), functional outcome assessment (Constant and ASES scores) and complications (loss of reduction, nonunion and osteonecrosis) were assessed. The fracture united in 24 of the 26 patients available for follow up at a mean of 27 months (12-40 months). 3 patients developed complications that required arthroplasty (fixation failure in 2 patients and osteonecrosis in 1 patient). Follow up age adjusted Constant (63.1±11.9) and ASES scores (62.58±7.5) showed the extent of functional improvement post surgery. Patients with fractures having a non-comminuted medial calcar and valgus displacement of the humeral head had better functional scores and fewer complications. Osteosynthesis with second generation locked plating techniques provide satisfactory outcome in very elderly patients with complex proximal humerus fractures with minimal complications. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Percutaneous locking plates for fractures of the distal tibia: our experience and a review of the literature.

PubMed

Ahmad, Mudussar Abrar; Sivaraman, Alagappan; Zia, Ahmed; Rai, Amarjit; Patel, Amratlal D

2012-02-01

Distal tibial metaphyseal fractures pose many complexities. This study assessed the outcomes of distal tibial fractures treated with medial locking plates. Eighteen patients were selected based on the fracture pattern and classified using the AO classification and stabilized with an AO medial tibial locking plate. Time to fracture union, complications, and outcomes were assessed with the American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society Ankle score at 12 months. Sixteen of the 18 patients achieved fracture union, with 1 patient lost to follow-up. Twelve fractures united within 24 weeks, with an average union time of 23.1 weeks. Three delayed unions, two at 28 weeks and one at 56 weeks. The average time to union was 32 weeks in the smokers and 15.3 weeks in the nonsmokers. Five of the 18 patients (27%) developed complications. One superficial wound infection, and one chronic wound infection, resulting in nonunion at 56 weeks, requiring revision. Two patients required plate removal, one after sustaining an open fracture at the proximal end of the plate 6 months after surgery (postfracture union)and the other for painful hardware. One patient had implant failure of three proximal diaphyseal locking screws at the screwhead/neck junction, but successful fracture union. The average American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society ankle score was 88.8 overall, and 92.1 in fractures that united within 24 weeks. Distal tibial locking plates have high fracture union rates, minimum soft tissue complications, and good functional outcomes. The literature shows similar fracture union and complication rates in locking and nonlocking plates. Copyright © 2012 by Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Shear-strain energy rate distribution caused by the interplate locking along the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan: An integration analysis using stress tensor inversion and slip deficit inversion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saito, T.; Noda, A.; Yoshida, K.; Tanaka, S.

2017-12-01

In the Nankai Trough, southwest Japan, the Philippine Sea Plate descends beneath the Eurasian plate. The locking, or the slip deficit, on the plate interface causes stress fluctuation in the inland area. The interplate locking does not always result in stress accumulation but also causes stress release. The stress increase/decrease is not determined only from the stress fluctuation but also depends on the background stress, in particular, its orientation. This study proposes a method to estimate the shear-strain energy increase/decrease distribution caused by the interplate locking. We at first investigated the background stress field in and around the Nankai Trough. The spatial distribution of the principal stress orientations and the stress ratio were estimated by analysis of 130,000 focal mechanisms of small earthquakes (e.g., Yoshida et al. 2015 Tectonophysics). For example, in an area called Chugoku region, the maximum and minimum compression axes were E-W and N-S directions, respectively. We also estimated the slip-deficit rate at the plate interface by analyzing GNSS data and calculated the stress fluctuation due to the deficit (e.g., Noda et al. 2013 GJI). The interplate locking causes the maximum compression in the direction of plate convergence. This is significantly different from the orientations of the background stress characterized by the E-W compressional strike-slip stress regime.. By combining the results of the background stress and the stress fluctuation, we made a map indicating the shear-strain energy change due to the interplate locking. In the Chugoku region, the shear-strain energy decreases due to the interplate locking. This is because the N-S compressional stress caused by the interplate locking compensates the N-S extensional stress in the background. The shear-strain energy increases in some parts of the analyzed areas. By statistically comparing the shear strain energy rate with the seismicity in the inland area, we found that the seismicity tends to be high where the interplate locking increases the shear-strain energy. Our results suggest that the stress fluctuation due to the interplate locking is not dominant in the background stress but surely contributes to the inland seismicity in southwest Japan.

10 CFR 905.16 - What are the requirements for the minimum investment report alternative?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... number, email and Website if applicable, and contact person; (2) Authority or requirement to undertake a..., in writing, a minimum investment report every 5 years. (h) Maintaining minimum investment reports. (1...

Reducing therapist contact in cognitive behaviour therapy for panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care: global measures of outcome in a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed Central

Sharp, D M; Power, K G; Swanson, V

2000-01-01

BACKGROUND: Panic disorder, with and without agoraphobia, is a prevalent condition presenting in general practice. Psychological treatments are effective but are limited by restricted availability. Interest has grown in methods by which the efficiency and thus availability of psychological treatments can be improved, with particular emphasis on reduced therapist contact formats. AIM: To evaluate the relative efficacy in a primary care setting of a cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) delivered at three levels of therapist contact: standard contact, minimum contact, and bibliotherapy. METHOD: A total of 104 patients were randomly allocated to receive standard therapist contact, minimum therapist contact or bibliotherapy, with 91 patients completing treatment. All patients received an identical treatment manual and were seen by the same psychologist therapist. Outcome was reported in terms of brief global ratings of severity of illness, change in symptoms, and levels of social disruption. These brief measures were chosen to be suitable for use in general practice and were used at treatment entry and endpoint. RESULTS: The standard therapist contact group had the strongest and most comprehensive treatment response, showing significant differences from the bibliotherapy group on all, and the minimum therapist contact group on some, endpoint measures. Some reduction in efficacy was therefore found for the reduced therapist contact groups. CONCLUSION: The standard therapist contact group showed the greatest treatment efficacy in the present study. As it was of notably shorter duration than many other current formulations of CBT, it represents a useful and efficient treatment for panic disorder and agoraphobia in primary care. PMID:11224967

Non-uniform breaking of molecular bonds, peripheral morphology and releasable adhesion by elastic anisotropy in bio-adhesive contacts

PubMed Central

Liu, Yan; Gao, Yanfei

2015-01-01

Biological adhesive contacts are usually of hierarchical structures, such as the clustering of hundreds of sub-micrometre spatulae on keratinous hairs of gecko feet, or the clustering of molecular bonds into focal contacts in cell adhesion. When separating these interfaces, releasable adhesion can be accomplished by asymmetric alignment of the lowest scale discrete bonds (such as the inclined spatula that leads to different peeling force when loading in different directions) or by elastic anisotropy. However, only two-dimensional contact has been analysed for the latter method (Chen & Gao 2007 J. Mech. Phys. Solids 55, 1001–1015 (doi:10.1016/j.jmps.2006.10.008)). Important questions such as the three-dimensional contact morphology, the maximum to minimum pull-off force ratio and the tunability of releasable adhesion cannot be answered. In this work, we developed a three-dimensional cohesive interface model with fictitious viscosity that is capable of simulating the de-adhesion instability and the peripheral morphology before and after the onset of instability. The two-dimensional prediction is found to significantly overestimate the maximum to minimum pull-off force ratio. Based on an interface fracture mechanics analysis, we conclude that (i) the maximum and minimum pull-off forces correspond to the largest and smallest contact stiffness, i.e. ‘stiff-adhere and compliant-release’, (ii) the fracture toughness is sensitive to the crack morphology and the initial contact shape can be designed to attain a significantly higher maximum-to-minimum pull-off force ratio than a circular contact, and (iii) since the adhesion is accomplished by clustering of discrete bonds or called bridged crack in terms of fracture mechanics terminology, the above conclusions can only be achieved when the bridging zone is significantly smaller than the contact size. This adhesion-fracture analogy study leads to mechanistic predictions that can be readily used to design biomimetics and releasable adhesives. PMID:25392403

Passive blast pressure sensor

DOEpatents

King, Michael J.; Sanchez, Roberto J.; Moss, William C.

2013-03-19

A passive blast pressure sensor for detecting blast overpressures of at least a predetermined minimum threshold pressure. The blast pressure sensor includes a piston-cylinder arrangement with one end of the piston having a detection surface exposed to a blast event monitored medium through one end of the cylinder and the other end of the piston having a striker surface positioned to impact a contact stress sensitive film that is positioned against a strike surface of a rigid body, such as a backing plate. The contact stress sensitive film is of a type which changes color in response to at least a predetermined minimum contact stress which is defined as a product of the predetermined minimum threshold pressure and an amplification factor of the piston. In this manner, a color change in the film arising from impact of the piston accelerated by a blast event provides visual indication that a blast overpressure encountered from the blast event was not less than the predetermined minimum threshold pressure.

Biomechanical testing of locking and nonlocking plates in the canine scapula.

PubMed

Acquaviva, Anthony E; Miller, Emily I; Eisenmann, David J; Stone, Rick T; Kraus, Karl H

2012-01-01

Locking plates have been shown to offer improved fixation in fractures involving either osteoporotic bone or bone with lesser screw pullout strength, such as thin and flat bones. Fractures of the scapular body are one type of fracture where the screw pullout strength using conventional plate fixation may not be sufficient to overcome physiologic forces. The purpose of this study was to compare the pullout strengths of locking plates to conventional nonlocking plates in the canine scapula. A 2.7 mm string of pearls plate (SOP) and a 2.7 mm limited contact dynamic compression plate (LC-DCP) were applied with similar divergent screws to the supraspinatus fossa of the scapula. Forces perpendicular to the plates were applied and both the loads at failure and modes of failure were recorded. No differences were noted in loads at failure between the two plating systems. Although the modes of failure were not significantly different, the SOP constructs tended to fail more often by bone slicing and coring, whereas the LC-DCP constructs failed primarily by screw stripping. Neither of the plate systems used in this study demonstrated a distinct mechanical advantage. The application and limitations of locking plate systems in various clinical situations require further study.

Simulating Army-Relevant Spur Gear Contacts with a Ball-on-Disc Tribometer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

on Steel Ceramic on Ceramic 23 amount of run in is a parameter that must be considered when simulating gear or bearing contacts, and can even be...minimum track diameters.......................19 Fig. 13 Hertzian contact stress for steel and ceramic contacts ............................21 Fig...14 Contact radius for steel and ceramic contacts .........................................21 Fig. 15 Contact area for steel and ceramic contacts

Need for Tolerances and Tolerance Exemptions for Minimum Risk Pesticides

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The ingredients used in minimum risk products used on food, food crops, food contact surfaces, or animal feed commodities generally have a tolerance or tolerance exemption. Learn about tolerances and tolerance exemptions for minimum risk ingredients.

Isothermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication of point contacts. 4: Starvation results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.; Dowson, D.

1976-01-01

The influence of lubricant starvation on minimum film thickness was investigated by moving the inlet boundary closer to the contact center. The following expression was derived for the dimensionless inlet distance at the boundary between the fully flooded and starved conditions: m* = 1 + 3.06 ((R/b)(R/b)H) to the power 0.58, where R is the effective radius of curvature, b is the semiminor axis of the contact ellipse, and H is the central film thickness for fully flooded conditions. A corresponding expression was also given based on the minimum film thickness for fully flooded conditions. Therefore, for m m*, starvation occurs and, for m m*, a fully flooded condition exists. Two other expressions were also derived for the central and minimum film thicknesses for a starved condition. Contour plots of the pressure and the film thickness in and around the contact are shown for the fully flooded and starved lubricating conditions, from which the film thickness was observed to decrease substantially as starvation increases.

Fold and thrust partitioning in a contracting fold belt: Insights from the 1931 Mach earthquake in Baluchistan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szeliga, Walter; Bilham, Roger; Schelling, Daniel; Kakar, Din Mohamed; Lodi, Sarosh

2009-10-01

Surface deformation associated with the 27 August 1931 earthquake near Mach in Baluchistan is quantified from spirit-leveling data and from detailed structural sections of the region interpreted from seismic reflection data constrained by numerous well logs. Mean slip on the west dipping Dezghat/Bannh fault system amounted to 1.2 m on a 42 km × 72 km thrust plane with slip locally attaining 3.2 m up dip of an inferred locking line at ˜9 km depth. Slip also occurred at depths below the interseismic locking line. In contrast, negligible slip occurred in the 4 km near the interseismic locking line. The absence of slip here in the 4 years following the earthquake suggests that elastic energy there must either dissipate slowly in the interseismic cycle, or that a slip deficit remains, pending its release in a large future earthquake. Elastic models of the earthquake cycle in this fold and thrust belt suggest that slip on the frontal thrust fault is reduced by a factor of 2 to 8 compared to that anticipated from convergence of the hinterland, a partitioning process that is presumably responsible for thickening of the fold and thrust belt at the expense of slip on the frontal thrust. Near the latitude of Quetta, GPS measurements indicate that convergence is ˜5 mm/yr. Hence the minimum renewal time between earthquakes with 1.2-m mean displacement should be as little as 240 years. However, when the partitioning of fold belt convergence to frontal thrust slip is taken into account the minimum renewal time may exceed 2000 years.

75 FR 142 - Marseilles Land and Water Company; Notice Soliciting Scoping Comments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-04

... and Water Company; Notice Soliciting Scoping Comments December 23, 2009. Take notice that the...: December 30, 2008. d. Applicant: Marseilles Land and Water Company. e. Name of Project: Marseilles Lock and... & Water Company, 4132 S. Rainbow Blvd., 247, Las Vegas, NV 89103, (702) 367-7302. i. FERC Contact: Steve...

A hybrid analog-digital phase-locked loop for frequency mode non-contact scanning probe microscopy.

PubMed

Mehta, M M; Chandrasekhar, V

2014-01-01

Non-contact scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has developed into a powerful technique to image many different properties of samples. The conventional method involves monitoring the amplitude, phase, or frequency of a cantilever oscillating at or near its resonant frequency as it is scanned across the surface of a sample. For high Q factor cantilevers, monitoring the resonant frequency is the preferred method in order to obtain reasonable scan times. This can be done by using a phase-locked-loop (PLL). PLLs can be obtained as commercial integrated circuits, but these do not have the frequency resolution required for SPM. To increase the resolution, all-digital PLLs requiring sophisticated digital signal processors or field programmable gate arrays have also been implemented. We describe here a hybrid analog/digital PLL where most of the components are implemented using discrete analog integrated circuits, but the frequency resolution is provided by a direct digital synthesis chip controlled by a simple peripheral interface controller (PIC) microcontroller. The PLL has excellent frequency resolution and noise, and can be controlled and read by a computer via a universal serial bus connection.

A hybrid analog-digital phase-locked loop for frequency mode non-contact scanning probe microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehta, M. M.; Chandrasekhar, V.

2014-01-01

Non-contact scanning probe microscopy (SPM) has developed into a powerful technique to image many different properties of samples. The conventional method involves monitoring the amplitude, phase, or frequency of a cantilever oscillating at or near its resonant frequency as it is scanned across the surface of a sample. For high Q factor cantilevers, monitoring the resonant frequency is the preferred method in order to obtain reasonable scan times. This can be done by using a phase-locked-loop (PLL). PLLs can be obtained as commercial integrated circuits, but these do not have the frequency resolution required for SPM. To increase the resolution, all-digital PLLs requiring sophisticated digital signal processors or field programmable gate arrays have also been implemented. We describe here a hybrid analog/digital PLL where most of the components are implemented using discrete analog integrated circuits, but the frequency resolution is provided by a direct digital synthesis chip controlled by a simple peripheral interface controller (PIC) microcontroller. The PLL has excellent frequency resolution and noise, and can be controlled and read by a computer via a universal serial bus connection.

Adhesion of cellulose fibers in paper.

PubMed

Persson, Bo N J; Ganser, Christian; Schmied, Franz; Teichert, Christian; Schennach, Robert; Gilli, Eduard; Hirn, Ulrich

2013-01-30

The surface topography of paper fibers is studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM), and thus the surface roughness power spectrum is obtained. Using AFM we have performed indentation experiments and measured the effective elastic modulus and the penetration hardness as a function of humidity. The influence of water capillary adhesion on the fiber-fiber binding strength is studied. Cellulose fibers can absorb a significant amount of water, resulting in swelling and a strong reduction in the elastic modulus and the penetration hardness. This will lead to closer contact between the fibers during the drying process (the capillary bridges pull the fibers into closer contact without storing up a lot of elastic energy at the contacting interface). In order for the contact to remain good in the dry state, plastic flow must occur (in the wet state) so that the dry surface profiles conform to each other (forming a key-and-lock type of contact).

A bandwidth compressive modulation system using multi-amplitude minimum shift keying /MAMSK/. [for spacecraft communication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weber, W. J., III; Stanton, P. H.; Sumida, J. T.

1978-01-01

A bandwidth compressive modem making use of multi-amplitude minimum shift keying (MAMSK) has been designed and implemented in a laboratory environment at microwave frequencies. This system achieves a substantial bandwidth reduction over binary PSK and operates within 0.5 dB of theoretical performance. A number of easily implemented microwave transmitters have been designed to generate the required set of 16 signals. The receiver has been designed to work at 1 Mbit/s and contains the necessary phase tracking, AGC, and symbol synchronization loops as well as a lock detector, SNR estimator and provisions for differential decoding. This paper describes this entire system and presents the experimental results.

Potential of mean force between two hydrophobic solutes in water.

PubMed

Southall, Noel T; Dill, Ken A

2002-12-10

We study the potential of mean force between two nonpolar solutes in the Mercedes Benz model of water. Using NPT Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the solute size determines the relative preference of two solute molecules to come into contact ('contact minimum') or to be separated by a single layer of water ('solvent-separated minimum'). Larger solutes more strongly prefer the contacting state, while smaller solutes have more tendency to become solvent-separated, particularly in cold water. The thermal driving forces oscillate with solute separation. Contacts are stabilized by entropy, whereas solvent-separated solute pairing is stabilized by enthalpy. The free energy of interaction for small solutes is well-approximated by scaled-particle theory. Copyright 2002 Elsevier Science B.V.

7 CFR 1437.307 - Mushrooms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... growing medium must consist of a substrate (a habitat and nutrient base) sterilized by heat treatment. (d... at a minimum: (1) Adequate hygiene; (2) Overall cleanliness; (3) Isolation or minimum contact...

7 CFR 1437.307 - Mushrooms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... growing medium must consist of a substrate (a habitat and nutrient base) sterilized by heat treatment. (d... at a minimum: (1) Adequate hygiene; (2) Overall cleanliness; (3) Isolation or minimum contact...

CMOS Integrated Lock-in Readout Circuit for FET Terahertz Detectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domingues, Suzana; Perenzoni, Daniele; Perenzoni, Matteo; Stoppa, David

2017-06-01

In this paper, a switched-capacitor readout circuit topology integrated with a THz antenna and field-effect transistor detector is analyzed, designed, and fabricated in a 0.13-μm standard CMOS technology. The main objective is to perform amplification and filtering of the signal, as well as subtraction of background in case of modulated source, in order to avoid the need for an external lock-in amplifier, in a compact implementation. A maximum responsivity of 139.7 kV/W, and a corresponding minimum NEP of 2.2 nW/√Hz, was obtained with a two-stage readout circuit at 1 kHz modulation frequency. The presented switched-capacitor circuit is suitable for implementation in pixel arrays due to its compact size and power consumption (0.014 mm2 and 36 μW).

75 FR 7370 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Door Locks and Door Retention Components

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-19

... at (202) 366-2990. For legal issues, contact Ms. Sarah Alves, Office of the Chief Counsel, by... have secondary latching positions and to remove the option for a visual door closure warning system... test plates; and, S4, to reinstate an exclusion of doors equipped with wheelchair lift systems. This...

Technique of Axillary Use of a Combat Ready Clamp to Stop Junctional Bleeding

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

compressed parallel to—but not on—the clavicle (Fig. 4). 5. Adjust the horizontal arm length by using its locking pin. 6. Adjust the vertical arm by...arm adjustment for square disk head contact atop the target. Fig. 4. Placing the square disk head atop the target, parallel to—but not on—the clavicle

In-vitro and in-vivo anti-Trichophyton activity of essential oils by vapour contact.

PubMed

Inouye, S; Uchida, K; Yamaguchi, H

2001-05-01

The minimum inhibitory doses (MIDs) of essential oils by vapour contact to inhibit the growth of Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton rubrum on agar medium were determined using airtight boxes. Among seven essential oils examined, cinnamon bark oil showed the least MID, followed by lemongrass, thyme and perilla oils. Lavender and tea tree oils showed moderate MID, and citron oil showed the highest MID, being 320 times higher than that of cinnamon bark oil. The MID values were less than the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values determined by agar dilution assay. Furthermore, the minimum agar concentration (MAC) of essential oils absorbed from vapour was determined at the time of MID determination as the second antifungal measure. The MAC value by vapour contact was 1.4 to 4.7 times less than the MAC remaining in the agar at the time of MIC determination by agar dilution assay. Using selected essential oils, the anti-Trichophyton activity by vapour contact was examined in more detail. Lemongrass, thyme and perilla oils killed the conidia, inhibited germination and hyphal elongation at 1-4 micrograms ml-1 air, whereas lavender oil was effective at 40-160 micrograms ml-1 air. The in-vivo efficacy of thyme and perilla oils by vapour contact was shown against an experimental tinea pedis in guinea pigs infected with T. mentagrophytes. These results indicated potent anti-Trichophyton action of essential oils by vapour contact.

A bifurcation study to guide the design of a landing gear with a combined uplock/downlock mechanism.

PubMed

Knowles, James A C; Lowenberg, Mark H; Neild, Simon A; Krauskopf, Bernd

2014-12-08

This paper discusses the insights that a bifurcation analysis can provide when designing mechanisms. A model, in the form of a set of coupled steady-state equations, can be derived to describe the mechanism. Solutions to this model can be traced through the mechanism's state versus parameter space via numerical continuation, under the simultaneous variation of one or more parameters. With this approach, crucial features in the response surface, such as bifurcation points, can be identified. By numerically continuing these points in the appropriate parameter space, the resulting bifurcation diagram can be used to guide parameter selection and optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of this technique by considering an aircraft nose landing gear, with a novel locking strategy that uses a combined uplock/downlock mechanism. The landing gear is locked when in the retracted or deployed states. Transitions between these locked states and the unlocked state (where the landing gear is a mechanism) are shown to depend upon the positions of two fold point bifurcations. By performing a two-parameter continuation, the critical points are traced to identify operational boundaries. Following the variation of the fold points through parameter space, a minimum spring stiffness is identified that enables the landing gear to be locked in the retracted state. The bifurcation analysis also shows that the unlocking of a retracted landing gear should use an unlock force measure, rather than a position indicator, to de-couple the effects of the retraction and locking actuators. Overall, the study demonstrates that bifurcation analysis can enhance the understanding of the influence of design choices over a wide operating range where nonlinearity is significant.

A bifurcation study to guide the design of a landing gear with a combined uplock/downlock mechanism

PubMed Central

Knowles, James A. C.; Lowenberg, Mark H.; Neild, Simon A.; Krauskopf, Bernd

2014-01-01

This paper discusses the insights that a bifurcation analysis can provide when designing mechanisms. A model, in the form of a set of coupled steady-state equations, can be derived to describe the mechanism. Solutions to this model can be traced through the mechanism's state versus parameter space via numerical continuation, under the simultaneous variation of one or more parameters. With this approach, crucial features in the response surface, such as bifurcation points, can be identified. By numerically continuing these points in the appropriate parameter space, the resulting bifurcation diagram can be used to guide parameter selection and optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate the potential of this technique by considering an aircraft nose landing gear, with a novel locking strategy that uses a combined uplock/downlock mechanism. The landing gear is locked when in the retracted or deployed states. Transitions between these locked states and the unlocked state (where the landing gear is a mechanism) are shown to depend upon the positions of two fold point bifurcations. By performing a two-parameter continuation, the critical points are traced to identify operational boundaries. Following the variation of the fold points through parameter space, a minimum spring stiffness is identified that enables the landing gear to be locked in the retracted state. The bifurcation analysis also shows that the unlocking of a retracted landing gear should use an unlock force measure, rather than a position indicator, to de-couple the effects of the retraction and locking actuators. Overall, the study demonstrates that bifurcation analysis can enhance the understanding of the influence of design choices over a wide operating range where nonlinearity is significant. PMID:25484601

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF DISTAL RADIUS FRACTURES WITH A VOLAR LOCKED PLATE: CORRELATION OF CLINICAL AND RADIOGRAPHIC RESULTS

PubMed Central

Xavier, Claudio Roberto Martins; Dal Molin, Danilo Canesin; dos Santos, Rafael Mota Marins; dos Santos, Roberto Della Torre; Neto, Julio Cezar Ferreira

2015-01-01

Objectives: To analyze and correlate the clinical and radiographic results from patients with distal radius fractures who underwent surgical treatment with a fixed-angle volar locked plate. Methods: Sixty-four patients with distal radius fractures were evaluated. They all underwent surgical treatment with a volar locked plate for the distal radius, with a minimum of six months of postoperative follow-up. They underwent a physical examination that measured range of motion and grip strength, answered the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and underwent radiographic examination. Results: In the physical examination on the patients, all the range-of-motion measurements were reduced. Grip strength measured in kgf was on average 85.8% of the strength on the unaffected side. The mean DASH score was 15.99. A significant relationship was found between lower DASH scores and losses of extension and grip strength. On the radiographs, the mean values in relation to the unfractured side were 84.0% for radial inclination, 85.4% for radial length and 86.8% for volar deviation of the radius. Loss of radial length was correlated with losses of extension and grip strength. PMID:27027046

Portable atomic frequency standard based on coherent population trapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Fan; Yang, Renfu; Nian, Feng; Zhang, Zhenwei; Cui, Yongshun; Zhao, Huan; Wang, Nuanrang; Feng, Keming

2015-05-01

In this work, a portable atomic frequency standard based on coherent population trapping is designed and demonstrated. To achieve a portable prototype, in the system, a single transverse mode 795nm VCSEL modulated by a 3.4GHz RF source is used as a pump laser which generates coherent light fields. The pump beams pass through a vapor cell containing atom gas and buffer gas. This vapor cell is surrounded by a magnetic shield and placed inside a solenoid which applies a longitudinal magnetic field to lift the Zeeman energy levels' degeneracy and to separate the resonance signal, which has no first-order magnetic field dependence, from the field-dependent resonances. The electrical control system comprises two control loops. The first one locks the laser wavelength to the minimum of the absorption spectrum; the second one locks the modulation frequency and output standard frequency. Furthermore, we designed the micro physical package and realized the locking of a coherent population trapping atomic frequency standard portable prototype successfully. The short-term frequency stability of the whole system is measured to be 6×10-11 for averaging times of 1s, and reaches 5×10-12 at an averaging time of 1000s.

CMOS Optoelectronic Lock-In Amplifier With Integrated Phototransistor Array.

PubMed

An Hu; Chodavarapu, Vamsy P

2010-10-01

We describe the design and development of an optoelectronic lock-in amplifier (LIA) for optical sensing and spectroscopy applications. The prototype amplifier is fabricated using Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. complementary metal-oxide semiconductor 0.35-μm technology and uses a phototransistor array (total active area is 400 μm × 640μm) to convert the incident optical signals into electrical currents. The photocurrents are then converted into voltage signals using a transimpedance amplifier for subsequent convenient signal processing by the LIA circuitry. The LIA is optimized to be operational at 20-kHz modulation frequency but is operational in the frequency range from 13 kHz to 25 kHz. The system is tested with a light-emitting diode (LED) as the light source. The noise and signal distortions are suppressed with filters and a phase-locked loop (PLL) implemented in the LIA. The output dc voltage of the LIA is proportional to the incident optical power. The minimum measured dynamic reserve and sensitivity are 1.31 dB and 34 mV/μW, respectively. The output versus input relationship has shown good linearity. The LIA consumes an average power of 12.79 mW with a 3.3-V dc power supply.

Carbon nanotube-based mode-locked wavelength-switchable fiber laser via net gain cross section alteration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Latif, A. A.; Mohamad, H.; Abu Bakar, M. H.; Muhammad, F. D.; Mahdi, M. A.

2016-02-01

We have proposed and demonstrated a carbon nanotube-based mode-locked erbium-doped fiber laser with switchable wavelength in the C-band wavelength region by varying the net gain cross section of erbium. The carbon nanotube is coated on a tapered fiber to form the saturable absorber for the purpose of mode-locking by exploiting the concept of evanescent field interaction on the tapered fiber with the carbon nanotube in a ring cavity configuration. The propagation loss is adjusted by inducing macrobend losses of the optical fiber in the cavity through a fiber spooling technique. Since the spooling radius can be gradually adjusted to achieve continuous tuning of attenuation, this passive tuning approach can be an alternative to optical tunable attenuator, with freedom of external device integration into the laser cavity. Based on this alteration, the net gain cross section of the laser system can be tailored to three different lasing wavelength ranges; 1533, 1560 nm and both (1533 and 1560 nm) with the minimum pulse duration of 734 fs. The proposed design is simple and stable with high beam quality and good reliability for multiple applications.

Modeling contact angle hysteresis of a liquid droplet sitting on a cosine wave-like pattern surface.

PubMed

Promraksa, Arwut; Chen, Li-Jen

2012-10-15

A liquid droplet sitting on a hydrophobic surface with a cosine wave-like square-array pattern in the Wenzel state is simulated by using the Surface Evolver to determine the contact angle. For a fixed drop volume, multiple metastable states are obtained at two different surface roughnesses. Unusual and non-circular shape of the three-phase contact line of a liquid droplet sitting on the model surface is observed due to corrugation and distortion of the contact line by structure of the roughness. The contact angle varies along the contact line for each metastable state. The maximum and minimum contact angles among the multiple metastable states at a fixed viewing angle correspond to the advancing and the receding contact angles, respectively. It is interesting to observe that the advancing/receding contact angles (and contact angle hysteresis) are a function of viewing angle. In addition, the receding (or advancing) contact angles at different viewing angles are determined at different metastable states. The contact angle of minimum energy among the multiple metastable states is defined as the most stable (equilibrium) contact angle. The Wenzel model is not able to describe the contact angle along the three-phase contact line. The contact angle hysteresis at different drop volumes is determined. The number of the metastable states increases with increasing drop volume. Drop volume effect on the contact angles is also discussed. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Cold Regions Test of Tracked and Wheeled Vehicles

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-11

with CTIS setting in the Highway setting and Mud, Sand and Snow setting. (7) Conduct the trials a minimum of three times at each speed as stated in...lock brake system. Record the stopping distance data and record any slew from the centerline. Document if the vehicle experiences engine stall ...while operating in snow. The TOP includes guidance for snow as well as mud, sand , swamps, and wet clay. Most conventional wheeled vehicles cannot

76 FR 73614 - Lock 14 Hydro Partners; FFP Project 106 LLC; Notice of Competing Preliminary Permit Applications...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-29

... applications, pursuant to section 4(f) of the Federal Power Act, proposing to study the feasibility of a... directed by the Corps. Applicant Contact: Mr. David Brown Kinloch, Soft Energy Associates, 414 S. Wenzel... Swaminathan, Free Flow Power Corp., 239 Causeway Street, Suite 300, Boston, MA 02114. (978) 283-2822. FERC...

An estimate of post-depositional remanent magnetization lock-in depth in organic rich varved lake sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Snowball, Ian; Mellström, Anette; Ahlstrand, Emelie; Haltia, Eeva; Nilsson, Andreas; Ning, Wenxin; Muscheler, Raimund; Brauer, Achim

2013-11-01

We studied the paleomagnetic properties of relatively organic rich, annually laminated (varved) sediments of Holocene age in Gyltigesjön, which is a lake in southern Sweden. An age-depth model was based on a regional lead pollution isochron and Bayesian modelling of radiocarbon ages of bulk sediments and terrestrial macrofossils, which included a radiocarbon wiggle-matched series of 873 varves that accumulated between 3000 and 2000 Cal a BP (Mellström et al., 2013). Mineral magnetic data and first order reversal curves suggest that the natural remanent magnetization is carried by stable single-domain grains of magnetite, probably of magnetosomal origin. Discrete samples taken from overlapping piston cores were used to produce smoothed paleomagnetic secular variation (inclination and declination) and relative paleointensity data sets. Alternative temporal trends in the paleomagnetic data were obtained by correcting for paleomagnetic lock-in depths between 0 and 70 cm and taking into account changes in sediment accumulation rate. These temporal trends were regressed against reference curves for the same region (FENNOSTACK and FENNORPIS; Snowball et al., 2007). The best statistical matches to the reference curves are obtained when we apply lock-in depths of 21-34 cm to the Gyltigesjön paleomagnetic data, although these are most likely minimum estimates. Our study suggests that a significant paleomagnetic lock-in depth can affect the acquisition of post-depositional remanent magnetization even where bioturbation is absent and no mixed sediment surface layer exists.

High Speed A/D DSP Interface for Carrier Doppler Tracking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baggett, Timothy

1998-01-01

As on-board satellite systems continue to increase in ability to perform self diagnostic checks, it will become more important for satellites to initiate ground communications contact. Currently, the NASA Space Network requires users to pre-arranged times for satellite communications links through the Tracking and Data Relay Satellite (TDRS). One of the challenges in implementing an on-demand access protocol into the Space Network, is the fact that a low Earth orbiting (LEO) satellite's communications will be subject to a doppler shift which is outside the capability of the NASA ground station to lock onto. In a prearranged system, the satellite's doppler is known a priori, and the ground station is able to lock onto the satellite's signal. This paper describes the development of a high speed analog to digital interface into a Digital Signal Processor (DSP). This system will be used for identifying the doppler shift of a LEO satellite through the Space Network, and aiding the ground station equipment in locking onto the signal. Although this interface is specific to one application, it can be used as a basis for interfacing other devices with a DSP.

Prosthetic reconstruction with an obturator using swing-lock attachment for a patient underwent maxillectomy: A clinical report

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Patients who underwent resection of maxilla due to benign or malignant tumor, or accident will have defect in palatal area. They get retention, support and stability from remaining tissues which are hardly optimal. The advantage of swing-lock attachment design is having multiple contacts on labial and lingual side of the abutment teeth by retentive strut and palatal bracing component. Because the force is distributed equally to abutment teeth, abutment teeth of poor prognosis can be benefited from it. It is also more advantageous to cover soft tissue defects which are hard to reach with conventional prosthesis. A 56-year-old female patient who had undergone a maxillectomy due to malignant melanoma complaining of loose and unstable surgical obturator. Surveyed crowns were placed on #12, 26, and 27. Teeth #11, 21, 22, and 23 had lingual rest seat and #24 had mesial rest seat to improve stability and support of the obturator. This clinical report presents the prosthetic management of a patient treated with obturator on the maxilla using swing-lock attachment to the remaining teeth. PMID:27826392

Fixation of osteoporotic fractures in the upper limb with a locking compression plate.

PubMed

Neuhaus, V; King, J D; Jupiter, J B

2012-01-01

Locking Compression Plate (LCP) has the advantageous feature that screws can be locked in the plate leaving an angular stable construct. There is no need to have contact between the plate and the bone to achieve stability resulting from friction of the plate-bone-construct. Therefore the plate does not need to be contoured exactly to the bone and the healing bone's periosteal blood supply is not affected. The LCP is used as a bridging plate to gain relative stability in multi-fragmentary, diaphyseal or metaphyseal fractures. Depending on the fracture, the combination hole can also allow the LCP to achieve absolute stability similar to conventional fixation techniques. Osteoporotic fractures have significant impact on morbidity and mortality. Proximal humeral and distal radius fractures are typical examples. These osteoporotic and often comminuted fractures are ideal settings/indications for LCP utilization in the upper extremity. However, the data quality is due to mostly small study populations not so powerful. Unquestionably there has been a clear and fashionable trend to choose operative treatment for these fractures, because the angular stability allows stable fixation and early functional mobilization.

Intermediate view synthesis for eye-gazing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baek, Eu-Ttuem; Ho, Yo-Sung

2015-01-01

Nonverbal communication, also known as body language, is an important form of communication. Nonverbal behaviors such as posture, eye contact, and gestures send strong messages. In regard to nonverbal communication, eye contact is one of the most important forms that an individual can use. However, lack of eye contact occurs when we use video conferencing system. The disparity between locations of the eyes and a camera gets in the way of eye contact. The lock of eye gazing can give unapproachable and unpleasant feeling. In this paper, we proposed an eye gazing correction for video conferencing. We use two cameras installed at the top and the bottom of the television. The captured two images are rendered with 2D warping at virtual position. We implement view morphing to the detected face, and synthesize the face and the warped image. Experimental results verify that the proposed system is effective in generating natural gaze-corrected images.

Evaluation of recovery in lip closing pressure and occlusal force and contact area after orthognathic surgery.

PubMed

Ueki, Koichiro; Moroi, Akinori; Sotobori, Megumi; Ishihara, Yuri; Marukawa, Kohei; Iguchi, Ran; Kosaka, Akihiko; Ikawa, Hiroumi; Nakazawa, Ryuichi; Higuchi, Masatoshi

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between lip closing force, occlusal contact area and occlusal force after orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class III patients. The subjects consisted of 54 patients (28 female and 26 male) diagnosed with mandibular prognathism who underwent sagittal split ramus osteotomy with and without Le Fort I osteotomy. Maximum and minimum lip closing forces, occlusal contact area and occlusal force were measured pre-operatively, 6 months and 1 year post-operative. Maximum and minimum lip closing forces, occlusal contact area and occlusal force increased with time after surgery, however a significant increase was not found in the occlusal contact area in women. In increased ratio (6 months/pre-operative and 1 year/pre-operative), the maximum lip closing force was significantly correlated with the occlusal contact area (P < 0.0001). This study suggested that orthognathic surgery could improve the occlusal force, contact area and lip closing force, and an increase ratio in maximum lip closing force was associated with an increased ratio in occlusal contact area. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elastohydrodynamics of elliptical contacts for materials of low elastic modulus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.; Dowson, D.

1983-01-01

The influence of the ellipticity parameter k and the dimensionless speed U, load W, and materials G parameters on minimum film thickness for materials of low elastic modulus was investigated. The ellipticity parameter was varied from 1 (a ball-on-plane configuration) to 12 (a configuration approaching a line contact); U and W were each varied by one order of magnitude. Seventeen cases were used to generate the minimum- and central-film-thickness relations. The influence of lubricant starvation on minimum film thickness in starved elliptical, elastohydrodynamic configurations was also investigated for materials of low elastic modulus. Lubricant starvation was studied simply by moving the inlet boundary closer to the center of the conjunction in the numerical solutions. Contour plots of pressure and film thickness in and around the contact were presented for both fully flooded and starved lubrication conditions. It is evident from these figures that the inlet pressure contours become less circular and closer to the edge of the Hertzian contact zone and that the film thickness decreases substantially as the serverity of starvation increases. The results presented reveal the essential features of both fully flooded and starved, elliptical, elastohydrodynamic conjunctions for materials of low elastic modulus.

Software Update.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Currents, 2000

2000-01-01

A chart of 40 alumni-development database systems provides information on vendor/Web site, address, contact/phone, software name, price range, minimum suggested workstation/suggested server, standard reports/reporting tools, minimum/maximum record capacity, and number of installed sites/client type. (DB)

77 FR 42627 - Standard Instrument Approach Procedures, and Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle Departure Procedures...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-20

... CONTACT: Richard A. Dunham III, Flight Procedure Standards Branch (AFS-420), Flight Technologies and... 2012 Red Cloud, NE., Red Cloud Muni, Takeoff Minimums and Obstacle DP, Orig Effective 23 AUGUST 2012...

Aseptic minimum volume vitrification technique for porcine parthenogenetically activated blastocyst.

PubMed

Lin, Lin; Yu, Yutao; Zhang, Xiuqing; Yang, Huanming; Bolund, Lars; Callesen, Henrik; Vajta, Gábor

2011-01-01

Minimum volume vitrification may provide extremely high cooling and warming rates if the sample and the surrounding medium contacts directly with the respective liquid nitrogen and warming medium. However, this direct contact may result in microbial contamination. In this work, an earlier aseptic technique was applied for minimum volume vitrification. After equilibration, samples were loaded on a plastic film, immersed rapidly into factory derived, filter-sterilized liquid nitrogen, and sealed into sterile, pre-cooled straws. At warming, the straw was cut, the filmstrip was immersed into a 39 degree C warming medium, and the sample was stepwise rehydrated. Cryosurvival rates of porcine blastocysts produced by parthenogenetical activation did not differ from control, vitrified blastocysts with Cryotop. This approach can be used for minimum volume vitrification methods and may be suitable to overcome the biological dangers and legal restrictions that hamper the application of open vitrification techniques.

Minimum distraction gap: how much ankle joint space is enough in ankle distraction arthroplasty?

PubMed

Fragomen, Austin T; McCoy, Thomas H; Meyers, Kathleen N; Rozbruch, S Robert

2014-02-01

The success of ankle distraction arthroplasty relies on the separation of the tibiotalar articular surfaces. The purpose of this study was to find the minimum distraction gap needed to ensure that the tibiotalar joint surfaces would not contact each other with full weight-bearing while under distraction. Circular external fixators were mounted to nine cadaver ankle specimens. Each specimen was then placed into a custom-designed load chamber. Loads of 0, 350, and 700N were applied to the specimen. Radiographic joint space was measured and joint contact pressure was monitored under each load. The external fixator was then sequentially distracted, and the radiographic joint space was measured under the three different loads. The experiment was stopped when there was no joint contact under 700N of load. The radiographic joint space was measured and the initial (undistracted) radiographic joint space was subtracted from it yielding the distraction gap. The minimum distraction gap (mDG) that would provide total unloading was calculated. The average mDG was 2.4 mm (range, 1.6 to 4.0 mm) at 700N of load, 4.4 mm (range, 3.7 to 5.8 mm) at 350N of load, and 4.9 mm (range, 3.7 to 7.0 mm) at 0N of load. These results suggest that if the radiographic joint space of on a standing X-ray of an ankle undergoing distraction arthroplasty shows a minimum of 5.8 mm of DG, then there will be no contact between joint surfaces during full weight-bearing. Therefore, 5 mm of radiographic joint space, as recommended historically, may not be adequate to prevent contact of the articular surfaces during weight-bearing.

Roughness evolution of metallic implant surfaces under contact loading and nanometer-scale chemical etching.

PubMed

Ryu, J J; Letchuman, S; Shrotriya, P

2012-10-01

Surface damage of metallic implant surface at taper lock and clamped interfaces may take place through synergistic interactions between repeated contact loading and corrosion. In the present research, we investigated the influence of surface roughness and contact loading on the mechanical and chemical damage phenomena. Cobalt-chromium (CoCrMo) specimens with two different roughness configurations created by milling and grinding process were subjected to normal and inclined contact loading. During repeated contact loading, amplitude of surface roughness reached a steady value after decreasing during the first few cycles. During the second phase, the alternating experiment of rough surface contact and micro-etching was conducted to characterize surface evolution behavior. As a result, surface roughness amplitude continuously evolved-decreasing during contact loading due to plastic deformation of contacting asperities and increasing on exposure to corrosive environment by the preferential corrosion attack on stressed area. Two different instabilities could be identified in the surface roughness evolution during etching of contact loaded surfaces: increase in the amplitude of dominant wavenumber and increase in amplitude of a small group of roughness modes. A damage mechanism that incorporates contact-induced residual stress development and stress-assisted dissolution is proposed to elucidate the measured instabilities in surface roughness evolution. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

42 CFR 84.201 - Head harnesses; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of pressure over the entire area in contact with the face. (2) Facepieces for single-use vinyl... adequate tension during use and an even distribution of pressure over the entire area in contact with the...

Martial arts sports medicine: current issues and competition event coverage.

PubMed

Nishime, Robert S

2007-06-01

More sports medicine professionals are becoming actively involved in the care of the martial arts athlete. Although there are many different forms of martial arts practiced worldwide, certain styles have shown a potential for increased participation in competitive-type events. Further research is needed to better understand the prevalence and profiles of injuries sustained in martial arts full-contact competitive events. Breaking down the martial art techniques into basic concepts of striking, grappling, and submission maneuvers, including choking and joint locking, may facilitate better understanding and management of injuries. This article outlines this approach and reviews the commonly encountered injuries and problems during martial arts full-contact competitions.

Evaporation of liquid droplets on solid substrates. II. Periodic substrates with moving contact lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amini, Amirhossein; Homsy, G. M.

2017-04-01

Experiments on evaporating droplets on structured surfaces have shown that the contact line does not move with constant speed, but rather in a steplike "stick-slip" fashion. As a first step in understanding such behavior, we study the evaporation of a two-dimensional volatile liquid droplet on a nonplanar heated solid substrate with a moving contact line and fixed contact angle. The model for the flat case is adapted to include curved substrates, numerical solutions are achieved for various periodic and quasiperiodic substrate profiles, and the dynamics of the contact line and the apparent contact angle are studied. In contrast with our results for a flat substrate, for which the contact line recedes in a nearly constant speed, we observe that the contact line speed and position show significant time variation and that the contact line moves in an approximate steplike fashion on relatively steep substrates. For the simplest case of a periodic substrate, we find that the apparent contact angle is periodic in time. For doubly periodic substrates, we find that the apparent contact angle is periodic and that the problem exhibits a phase-locking behavior. For multimode quasiperiodic substrates, we find the contact line behavior to be temporally complex and not only limited to a stick-slip motion. In all cases, we find that the overall evaporation is increased relative to the flat substrate.

Measurement of Capillary Radius and Contact Angle within Porous Media.

PubMed

Ravi, Saitej; Dharmarajan, Ramanathan; Moghaddam, Saeed

2015-12-01

The pore radius (i.e., capillary radius) and contact angle determine the capillary pressure generated in a porous medium. The most common method to determine these two parameters is through measurement of the capillary pressure generated by a reference liquid (i.e., a liquid with near-zero contact angle) and a test liquid. The rate of rise technique, commonly used to determine the capillary pressure, results in significant uncertainties. In this study, we utilize a recently developed technique for independently measuring the capillary pressure and permeability to determine the equivalent minimum capillary radii and contact angle of water within micropillar wick structures. In this method, the experimentally measured dryout threshold of a wick structure at different wicking lengths is fit to Darcy's law to extract the maximum capillary pressure generated by the test liquid. The equivalent minimum capillary radii of different wick geometries are determined by measuring the maximum capillary pressures generated using n-hexane as the working fluid. It is found that the equivalent minimum capillary radius is dependent on the diameter of pillars and the spacing between pillars. The equivalent capillary radii of micropillar wicks determined using the new method are found to be up to 7 times greater than the current geometry-based first-order estimates. The contact angle subtended by water at the walls of the micropillars is determined by measuring the capillary pressure generated by water within the arrays and the measured capillary radii for the different geometries. This mean contact angle of water is determined to be 54.7°.

Demodulation of messages received with low signal to noise ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marguinaud, A.; Quignon, T.; Romann, B.

The implementation of this all-digital demodulator is derived from maximum likelihood considerations applied to an analytical representation of the received signal. Traditional adapted filters and phase lock loops are replaced by minimum variance estimators and hypothesis tests. These statistical tests become very simple when working on phase signal. These methods, combined with rigorous control data representation allow significant computation savings as compared to conventional realizations. Nominal operation has been verified down to energetic signal over noise of -3 dB upon a QPSK demodulator.

On higher order discrete phase-locked loops.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gill, G. S.; Gupta, S. C.

1972-01-01

An exact mathematical model is developed for a discrete loop of a general order particularly suitable for digital computation. The deterministic response of the loop to the phase step and the frequency step is investigated. The design of the digital filter for the second-order loop is considered. Use is made of the incremental phase plane to study the phase error behavior of the loop. The model of the noisy loop is derived and the optimization of the loop filter for minimum mean-square error is considered.

Cassette for handling banknotes or the like

DOEpatents

Lundblad, Leif

1981-08-11

A cassette for banknotes and like valuable articles is provided with a displaceable lid (6) and locking means (10) for latching the lid of the cassette when the cassette is located outside a housing (25) in which it is intended to be placed. An operating means (8) is arranged to co-act with the locking means and with a latching element (15). The latching element is arranged to be released in dependence upon a pre-set program. A signal circuit is arranged to send a code signal to a detector circuit (23) when electrical contact elements on the cassette and the housing co-act with one another, which detector circuit, when the signal coincides with the signal program in the detector circuit, causes a signal to be sent for moving the latching means to a non-latching position.

Joining mechanism with stem tension and interlocked compression ring

DOEpatents

James, Allister W.; Morrison, Jay A.

2012-09-04

A stem (34) extends from a second part (30) through a hole (28) in a first part (22). A groove (38) around the stem provides a non-threaded contact surface (42) for a ring element (44) around the stem. The ring element exerts an inward force against the non-threaded contact surface at an angle that creates axial tension (T) in the stem, pulling the second part against the first part. The ring element is formed of a material that shrinks relative to the stem by sintering. The ring element may include a split collet (44C) that fits partly into the groove, and a compression ring (44E) around the collet. The non-threaded contact surface and a mating distal surface (48) of the ring element may have conic geometries (64). After shrinkage, the ring element is locked onto the stem.

Electronics Manufacturing Seminar Proceedings. 17th Annual

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

a CFC Solvent Cleaning Alternative Page 3 In operation dirty parts are immersed in the boil cham- ber where they contact the agitated mixture of...component. Some glycol ethers have an uncertain regulatory future due to a variety of health concerns. Semi-aqueous solvents can have a strong odor . Proper...thermoset 5 materials, elastomers, marking inks, sealants, and locking compounds after repeated exposure to the selected cleaners. Epoxy and polyimide PWBs

25 CFR 63.12 - What are minimum standards of character?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... guilty to any offense under Federal, state, or tribal law involving crimes of violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons. ... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

25 CFR 63.12 - What are minimum standards of character?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... guilty to any offense under Federal, state, or tribal law involving crimes of violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons. ... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

25 CFR 63.12 - What are minimum standards of character?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... guilty to any offense under Federal, state, or tribal law involving crimes of violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons. ... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

25 CFR 63.12 - What are minimum standards of character?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... guilty to any offense under Federal, state, or tribal law involving crimes of violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons. ... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

Modeling viscous dissipation during vocal fold contact: the influence of tissue viscosity and thickness with implications for hydration.

PubMed

Erath, Byron D; Zañartu, Matías; Peterson, Sean D

2017-06-01

The mechanics of vocal fold contact during phonation is known to play a crucial role in both normal and pathological speech production, though the underlying physics is not well understood. Herein, a viscoelastic model of the stresses during vocal fold contact is developed. This model assumes the cover to be a poroelastic structure wherein interstitial fluid translocates in response to mechanical squeezing. The maximum interstitial fluid pressure is found to generally increase with decreasing viscous dissipation and/or decreasing tissue elasticity. A global minimum in the total contact stress, comprising interstitial fluid pressure and elastic stress in the tissue, is observed over the studied dimensionless parameter range. Interestingly, physiologically reasonable estimates for the governing parameters fall within this global minimum region. The model is validated against prior experimental and computational work, wherein the predicted contact stress magnitude and impact duration agree well with published results. Lastly, observations of the potential relationship between vocal fold hydration and increased risk of tissue damage are discussed based upon model predictions of stress as functions of cover layer thickness and viscosity.

77 FR 60625 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

...-37 Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission... Internal Control Standards that were published on September 21, 2012. DATES: The effective date [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennifer Ward, Attorney, NIGC Office of General Counsel, at...

Optimal control of motorsport differentials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tremlett, A. J.; Massaro, M.; Purdy, D. J.; Velenis, E.; Assadian, F.; Moore, A. P.; Halley, M.

2015-12-01

Modern motorsport limited slip differentials (LSD) have evolved to become highly adjustable, allowing the torque bias that they generate to be tuned in the corner entry, apex and corner exit phases of typical on-track manoeuvres. The task of finding the optimal torque bias profile under such varied vehicle conditions is complex. This paper presents a nonlinear optimal control method which is used to find the minimum time optimal torque bias profile through a lane change manoeuvre. The results are compared to traditional open and fully locked differential strategies, in addition to considering related vehicle stability and agility metrics. An investigation into how the optimal torque bias profile changes with reduced track-tyre friction is also included in the analysis. The optimal LSD profile was shown to give a performance gain over its locked differential counterpart in key areas of the manoeuvre where a quick direction change is required. The methodology proposed can be used to find both optimal passive LSD characteristics and as the basis of a semi-active LSD control algorithm.

Salicylate inhibition of acanthamoebal attachment to contact lenses.

PubMed

Beattie, Tara K; Tomlinson, Alan; Seal, David V; McFadyen, Angus K

2011-12-01

Sodium salicylate has shown potential as a component of contact lens care solutions designed to reduce Acanthamoebal attachment to contact lenses. This study determined the minimum effective concentration required to significantly reduce amoebal attachment. Different concentrations of sodium salicylate (10, 15, and 20 mM) were applied during exposure of unworn or bacterial biofilm-coated hydrogel contact lenses to Acanthamoeba castellanii trophozoites. Salicylate was applied at stage 1 intervention during biofilm formation on lenses, at stage 2 intervention during amoebal exposure, or at both stages. A significant reduction in amoebal attachment was achieved when 10 mM salicylate was included during stage 1 alone; however, 15 mM was required for stage 2 intervention to significantly reduce attachment to clean or biofilm-coated lenses. For stages 1 and 2 combined intervention, 10 mM sodium salicylate produced a significant reduction in amoebal attachment. In situ, within a contact lens case, biofilm formation and amoebal attachment would occur concurrently; therefore, stages 1 and 2 intervention would be closest to the real-life situation, thus indicating that 10 mM of salicylate would be an effective minimum concentration for reducing amoebal attachment to hydrogel contact lenses. Inclusion of components in contact lens care solution, such as sodium salicylate, which reduce Acanthamoebal attachment, has the potential to enhance effectiveness, particularly where amoebicidal efficacy may be limited, thus reducing the risk of contact lens-associated Acanthamoebal infection.

Lubrication Of Nonconformal Contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeng, Yeau-Ren

1991-01-01

Report discusses advances in knowledge of lubrication of nonconformal contacts in bearings and other machine elements. Reviews previous developments in theory of lubrication, presents advances in theory of lubrication to determine minimum film thickness, and describes experiments designed to investigate one of regimes of lubrication for ball bearings.

Microwave Imaging with Infrared 2-D Lock-in Amplifier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiyo, Noritaka; Arai, Mizuki; Tanaka, Yasuhiro; Nishikata, Atsuhiro; Maeno, Takashi

We have developed a 3-D electromagnetic field measurement system using 2-D lock-in amplifier. This system uses an amplitude modulated electromagnetic wave source to heat a resistive screen. A very small change of temperature on a screen illuminated with the modulated electromagnetic wave is measured using an infrared thermograph camera. In this paper, we attempted to apply our system to microwave imaging. By placing conductor patches in front of the resistive screen and illuminating with microwave, the shape of each conductor was clearly observed as the temperature difference image of the screen. In this way, the conductor pattern inside the non-contact type IC card could be visualized. Moreover, we could observe the temperature difference image reflecting the shape of a Konnyaku (a gelatinous food made from devil's-tonge starch) or a dried fishbone, both as non-conducting material resembling human body. These results proved that our method is applicable to microwave see-through imaging.

Autonomously folded α-helical lockers promote RNAi*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guyader, Christian P. E.; Lamarre, Baptiste; de Santis, Emiliana; Noble, James E.; Slater, Nigel K.; Ryadnov, Maxim G.

2016-10-01

RNAi is an indispensable research tool with a substantial therapeutic potential. However, the complete transition of the approach to an applied capability remains hampered due to poorly understood relationships between siRNA delivery and gene suppression. Here we propose that interfacial tertiary contacts between α-helices can regulate siRNA cytoplasmic delivery and RNAi. We introduce a rationale of helical amphipathic lockers that differentiates autonomously folded helices, which promote gene silencing, from helices folded with siRNA, which do not. Each of the helical designs can deliver siRNA into cells via energy-dependent endocytosis, while only autonomously folded helices with pre-locked hydrophobic interfaces were able to promote statistically appreciable gene silencing. We propose that it is the amphipathic locking of interfacing helices prior to binding to siRNA that enables RNAi. The rationale offers structurally balanced amphipathic scaffolds to advance the exploitation of functional RNAi.

Autonomously folded α-helical lockers promote RNAi*

PubMed Central

Guyader, Christian P. E.; Lamarre, Baptiste; De Santis, Emiliana; Noble, James E.; Slater, Nigel K.; Ryadnov, Maxim G.

2016-01-01

RNAi is an indispensable research tool with a substantial therapeutic potential. However, the complete transition of the approach to an applied capability remains hampered due to poorly understood relationships between siRNA delivery and gene suppression. Here we propose that interfacial tertiary contacts between α-helices can regulate siRNA cytoplasmic delivery and RNAi. We introduce a rationale of helical amphipathic lockers that differentiates autonomously folded helices, which promote gene silencing, from helices folded with siRNA, which do not. Each of the helical designs can deliver siRNA into cells via energy-dependent endocytosis, while only autonomously folded helices with pre-locked hydrophobic interfaces were able to promote statistically appreciable gene silencing. We propose that it is the amphipathic locking of interfacing helices prior to binding to siRNA that enables RNAi. The rationale offers structurally balanced amphipathic scaffolds to advance the exploitation of functional RNAi. PMID:27721465

Autonomously folded α-helical lockers promote RNAi.

PubMed

Guyader, Christian P E; Lamarre, Baptiste; De Santis, Emiliana; Noble, James E; Slater, Nigel K; Ryadnov, Maxim G

2016-10-10

RNAi is an indispensable research tool with a substantial therapeutic potential. However, the complete transition of the approach to an applied capability remains hampered due to poorly understood relationships between siRNA delivery and gene suppression. Here we propose that interfacial tertiary contacts between α-helices can regulate siRNA cytoplasmic delivery and RNAi. We introduce a rationale of helical amphipathic lockers that differentiates autonomously folded helices, which promote gene silencing, from helices folded with siRNA, which do not. Each of the helical designs can deliver siRNA into cells via energy-dependent endocytosis, while only autonomously folded helices with pre-locked hydrophobic interfaces were able to promote statistically appreciable gene silencing. We propose that it is the amphipathic locking of interfacing helices prior to binding to siRNA that enables RNAi. The rationale offers structurally balanced amphipathic scaffolds to advance the exploitation of functional RNAi.

Apparatuses for interaction with a subterranean formation, and methods of use thereof

DOEpatents

Clark, Don T.; Jones, Richard L.; Turner, Terry D.; Hubbell, Joel M.; Sisson, James B.

2007-12-25

An access casing assembly structured for placement at least partially within a subterranean formation by forcing the access casing assembly thereinto, comprising a plurality of casing sections operably coupled to form a central elongated cavity for providing access to the subterranean region is disclosed. Further, a tip portion of the access casing assembly may include a porous filter through which liquid or gas may communicate with the central elongated cavity. Also, a receiving member or at least one engagement hub may form a portion of the central elongated cavity and may include an engagement feature configured for selectively and lockingly engaging a locking structure of a device to be positioned within the access casing assembly. Methods of use are disclosed. A tensiometer is disclosed including a chamber structured for allowing at least partially filling with a fluid subsequent to contact therewith.

Dynamical Negative Differential Resistance in Antiferromagnetically Coupled Few-Atom Spin Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rolf-Pissarczyk, Steffen; Yan, Shichao; Malavolti, Luigi; Burgess, Jacob A. J.; McMurtrie, Gregory; Loth, Sebastian

2017-11-01

We present the appearance of negative differential resistance (NDR) in spin-dependent electron transport through a few-atom spin chain. A chain of three antiferromagnetically coupled Fe atoms (Fe trimer) was positioned on a Cu2 N /Cu (100 ) surface and contacted with the spin-polarized tip of a scanning tunneling microscope, thus coupling the Fe trimer to one nonmagnetic and one magnetic lead. Pronounced NDR appears at the low bias of 7 mV, where inelastic electron tunneling dynamically locks the atomic spin in a long-lived excited state. This causes a rapid increase of the magnetoresistance between the spin-polarized tip and Fe trimer and quenches elastic tunneling. By varying the coupling strength between the tip and Fe trimer, we find that in this transport regime the dynamic locking of the Fe trimer competes with magnetic exchange interaction, which statically forces the Fe trimer into its high-magnetoresistance state and removes the NDR.

Unclassified Publications of Lincoln Laboratory, 1 January-31 December 1987. Volume 13

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-12-31

Visible-Laser Photochemical Etching of Cr , Mo, and W 5901 High-Speed Electronic Beam Steering Using Injection Locking of a Laser-Diode Array...of High- Power Broad-Area Diode Lasers High-Temperature Point-Contact Transistors and Schottky Diodes Formed on Synthetic Boron- Doped Diamond...SPEECHES MS No. 593IB C02 Laser Radar 6550B Recent Advances in Transition-Metal- Doped Lasers 6714D Radiation Damage in Dry

Mechanical Properties of Hydrogel Beads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Criddle, Keely; Benns, Thomas; Shorts, Dan; Feitosa, Klebert

2015-03-01

Fragile solids made of dense disordered packing of bubbles, droplets and grains are able to withstand small stresses by virtue of system-wide force chains that lock the system into a jammed state. The nature of the jamming transition in such soft materials has been the subject of intense research, but despite much effort, a deep understanding remains elusive. In this experiment we study the mechanical properties of hydrogel beads to exploit them as force transducers in densely packed systems. The experiment consists of applying uniaxial planar compressions on the beads, and correlating the force to the bead's strain and contact area. The results show that while the strain scales linearly with the diameter of the contact area, the force and strain are found to obey a power law relation with two distinct exponents at small and large strains. This result leads to a power law dependence of the force on the contact area diameter of the compressed bead.

Evaluation and improvement of the efficiency of the Seidel humeral nail by numerical-experimental analysis of the bone-implant contact.

PubMed

Giudice, Fabio; La Rosa, Guido; Russo, Tullio; Varsalona, Roberto

2006-09-01

Seidel intramedullary humeral nail is locked distally by a spreading device and proximally by transverse cross locking screws. The main problems found in its use are: the loosening of the distal anchorage, even after X-ray verification of the correct expansion of the device; the formation of distal fractures, occurring even 1 month after the operation; the system's low stability. The problems noted can be ascribed to the behaviour of the spreading device for distal fixing. The present study, therefore, was directed at analysing the contact between the spreading mechanism and the medullary canal in relation to the geometric parameters of the mechanism itself. The main objective was to define the correct regulation of the expansion in the operating theatre, and to delimit the more appropriate conditions of use, allowing the surgeon to evaluate the suitability of this particular device for the type of fracture under treatment. Numerical and experimental techniques were used to perform an analysis of the implant behaviour. This investigation, referred to immediate post-operative condition, allowed to evaluate the stability to traction of the system, to define the typology and properties of the bone-implant contact zone and to quantify the stresses produced, all as a function of the parameter on which the surgeon intervenes in the operating theatre: the number of turns used to tighten the spreading screw. The results obtained confirm and explain the disadvantages associated with the distal expansion system: the bone-implant contact turns out to be inefficient, as revealed by the distribution of the pressure on the inner wall of the medullary canal. On the basis of the results, it is possible to define the optimal conditions of use of the nail, and to formulate a simple solution for the improvement of its performance.

Animal models to investigate fungal biofilm formation.

PubMed

Chandra, Jyotsna; Pearlman, Eric; Ghannoum, Mahmoud A

2014-01-01

Microbial biofilms play an essential role in several infectious diseases and are defined as extensive communities of sessile organisms irreversibly associated with a surface, encased within a polysaccharide-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), and exhibiting enhanced resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Forming a biofilm provides the microbes protection from environmental stresses due to contaminants, nutritional depletion, or imbalances, but is dangerous to human health due to their inherent robustness and elevated resistance.The use of indwelling medical devices (e.g., central venous catheters, CVCs) in current therapeutic practice is associated with 80-90 % of hospital-acquired bloodstream and deep tissue infections. Most cases of catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) involve colonization of microorganisms on catheter surfaces where they form a biofilm. Additionally, Fusarium solani and F. oxysporum were the causative organisms of the 2005/2006 outbreak of contact lens-associated fungal keratitis in the United States, Europe, the UK, and Singapore, and these infections involved formation of biofilms on contact lens. Fungal biofilm formation is studied using a number of techniques, involving the use of a wide variety of substrates and growth conditions. In vitro techniques involving the use of confocal scanning laser/scanning electron microscopy, metabolic activity assay, dry weight measurements, and antifungal susceptibility assays are increasingly used by investigators to quantify and evaluate biofilm morphology. However, there are not many in vivo models used to validate biofilm-associated infections. In this protocol, we describe a clinically relevant rabbit model of C. albicans biofilm-associated catheter infection to evaluate the morphology, topography, and architecture of fungal biofilms. We also describe a murine model of contact lens-associated Fusarium keratitis.Evaluation of the formation of fungal biofilms on catheters in vivo, their analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantitative catheter culture (QCC), and treatment of biofilms using antimicrobial lock therapy can be completed in ~20-25 days using the described methods. The rabbit model has utility in evaluating the efficacy of lock solutions. In addition, the murine model of contact lens-associated Fusarium keratitis enables characterizing/comparing the formation of Fusarium biofilms on contact lenses in vitro and determining their role in vivo.

Imaging magnetisation dynamics in nano-contact spin-torque vortex oscillators exhibiting gyrotropic mode splitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keatley, Paul Steven; Redjai Sani, Sohrab; Hrkac, Gino; Majid Mohseni, Seyed; Dürrenfeld, Philipp; Åkerman, Johan; Hicken, Robert James

2017-04-01

Nano-contact spin-torque vortex oscillators (STVOs) are anticipated to find application as nanoscale sources of microwave emission in future technological applications. Presently the output power and phase stability of individual STVOs are not competitive with existing oscillator technologies. Synchronisation of multiple nano-contact STVOs via magnetisation dynamics has been proposed to enhance the microwave emission. The control of device-to-device variations, such as mode splitting of the microwave emission, is essential if multiple STVOs are to be successfully synchronised. In this work a combination of electrical measurements and time-resolved scanning Kerr microscopy (TRSKM) was used to demonstrate how mode splitting in the microwave emission of STVOs was related to the magnetisation dynamics that are generated. The free-running STVO response to a DC current only was used to identify devices and bias magnetic field configurations for which single and multiple modes of microwave emission were observed. Stroboscopic Kerr images were acquired by injecting a small amplitude RF current to phase lock the free-running STVO response. The images showed that the magnetisation dynamics of a multimode device with moderate splitting could be controlled by the injected RF current so that they exhibit similar spatial character to that of a single mode. Significant splitting was found to result from a complicated equilibrium magnetic state that was observed in Kerr images as irregular spatial characteristics of the magnetisation dynamics. Such dynamics were observed far from the nano-contact and so their presence cannot be detected in electrical measurements. This work demonstrates that TRSKM is a powerful tool for the direct observation of the magnetisation dynamics generated by STVOs that exhibit complicated microwave emission. Characterisation of such dynamics outside the nano-contact perimeter permits a deeper insight into the requirements for optimal phase-locking of multiple STVOs that share common magnetic layers. , which features invited work from the best early-career researchers working within the scope of J. Phys. D. This project is part of the Journal of Physics series' 50th anniversary celebrations in 2017. Paul Keatley was selected by the Editorial Board of J. Phys. D as an Emerging Leader.

Cementless anatomical prosthesis for the treatment of 3-part and 4-part proximal humerus fractures: cadaver study and prospective clinical study with minimum 2 years followup

PubMed Central

Obert, Laurent; Saadnia, Rachid; Loisel, François; Uhring, Julien; Adam, Antoine; Rochet, Séverin; Clappaz, Pascal; Lascar, Tristan

2016-01-01

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and radiological outcomes of a cementless, trauma-specific locked stem for 3- and 4-part proximal humeral fractures. Materials and methods: This study consisted of two parts: a cadaver study with 22 shoulders and a multicenter prospective clinical study of 23 fracture patients evaluated at least 2 years after treatment. In the cadaver study, the locked stem (HumelockTM, FX Solutions) and its instrumentation were evaluated. In the clinical study, five senior surgeons at four different hospitals performed the surgical procedures. An independent surgeon evaluated the patients using clinical (Constant score, QuickDASH) and radiological (X-rays, CT scans) outcome measures. Results: The cadaver study allowed us to validate the height landmarks relative to the pectoralis major tendon. In the clinical study, at the review, abduction was 95° (60–160), forward flexion was 108° (70–160), external rotation (elbow at body) was 34° (0–55), the QuickDASH was 31 (4.5–59), the overall Constant score was 54 (27–75), and the weighted Constant score was 76 (31.5–109). Discussion: This preliminary study of hemiarthroplasty (HA) with a locked stem found results that were at least equivalent to published series. As all patients had at least a 2-year follow-up, integration of the locked stem did not cause any specific complications. These results suggest that it is possible to avoid using cement when hemiarthroplasty is performed for the humeral stem. This implant makes height adjustment and transosseous suturing of the tuberosities more reproducible. PMID:27194107

Efficacy of Ethanol against Candida albicans and Staphylococcus aureus Polymicrobial Biofilms

PubMed Central

Peters, Brian M.; Ward, Raven M.; Rane, Hallie S.; Lee, Samuel A.

2013-01-01

Candida albicans, an opportunistic fungus, and Staphylococcus aureus, a bacterial pathogen, are two clinically relevant biofilm-forming microbes responsible for a majority of catheter-related infections, with such infections often resulting in catheter loss and removal. Not only do these pathogens cause a substantial number of nosocomial infections independently, but also they are frequently found coexisting as polymicrobial biofilms on host and environmental surfaces. Antimicrobial lock therapy is a current strategy to sterilize infected catheters. However, the robustness of this technique against polymicrobial biofilms has remained largely untested. Due to its antimicrobial activity, safety, stability, and affordability, we tested the hypothesis that ethanol (EtOH) could serve as a potentially efficacious catheter lock solution against C. albicans and S. aureus biofilms. Therefore, we optimized the dose and time necessary to achieve killing of both monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms formed on polystyrene and silicone surfaces in a static microplate lock therapy model. Treatment with 30% EtOH for a minimum of 4 h was inhibitory for monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms, as evidenced by XTT {sodium 2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide inner salt} metabolic activity assays and confocal microscopy. Experiments to determine the regrowth of microorganisms on silicone after EtOH treatment were also performed. Importantly, incubation with 30% EtOH for 4 h was sufficient to kill and inhibit the growth of C. albicans, while 50% EtOH was needed to completely inhibit the regrowth of S. aureus. In summary, we have systematically defined the dose and duration of EtOH treatment that are effective against and prevent regrowth of C. albicans and S. aureus monomicrobial and polymicrobial biofilms in an in vitro lock therapy model. PMID:23070170

Sensitivity of a three-mirror cavity to thermal and nonlinear lensing: Gaussian-beam analysis.

PubMed

Anctil, G; McCarthy, N; Piché, M

2000-12-20

We consider a compact three-mirror cavity consisting of a flat output coupler, a curved folding mirror, and an active medium with one facet cut at the Brewster angle and the other facet coated for unit reflectivity. We examine the sensitivity to thermal lensing and to self-focusing in the active medium of the Gaussian beam that is circulating in that cavity. We use a simple thin-lens model; the astigmatism of the beam that is circulating in the cavity and the nonlinear coupling between the field distributions along the two orthogonal axes are taken into account. We find configurations in which beam ellipticity is compensated for at either end of the cavity in the presence of thermal lensing. We have derived an analytical criterion that predicts the sensitivity of the beam size to nonlinear lensing. The ability of the cavity to favor self-mode locking is found to be sensitive to the strength of thermal lensing. In the absence of thermal lensing, cavities operated as telescopic systems (C = 0) or self-imaging systems (B = 0) are most appropriate for achieving self-mode locking, with nonlinear mode selection accomplished through saturation of the spatially varying laser gain. We identify conditions for which self-mode locking can be produced by variable-reflectivity output couplers with either maximum or minimum reflectivity at the center of the coupler. We use our model to estimate the nonlinear gain produced in laser cavities equipped with such output couplers. We identify a cavity configuration for which nonlinear lensing can simultaneously produce mode locking and correction of beam ellipticity at the output coupler.

Sensitivity of a Three-Mirror Cavity to Thermal and Nonlinear Lensing: Gaussian-Beam Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anctil, Geneviève; McCarthy, Nathalie; Piché, Michel

2000-12-01

We consider a compact three-mirror cavity consisting of a flat output coupler, a curved folding mirror, and an active medium with one facet cut at the Brewster angle and the other facet coated for unit reflectivity. We examine the sensitivity to thermal lensing and to self-focusing in the active medium of the Gaussian beam that is circulating in that cavity. We use a simple thin-lens model; the astigmatism of the beam that is circulating in the cavity and the nonlinear coupling between the field distributions along the two orthogonal axes are taken into account. We find configurations in which beam ellipticity is compensated for at either end of the cavity in the presence of thermal lensing. We have derived an analytical criterion that predicts the sensitivity of the beam size to nonlinear lensing. The ability of the cavity to favor self-mode locking is found to be sensitive to the strength of thermal lensing. In the absence of thermal lensing, cavities operated as telescopic systems ( C 0 ) or self-imaging systems ( B 0 ) are most appropriate for achieving self-mode locking, with nonlinear mode selection accomplished through saturation of the spatially varying laser gain. We identify conditions for which self-mode locking can be produced by variable-reflectivity output couplers with either maximum or minimum reflectivity at the center of the coupler. We use our model to estimate the nonlinear gain produced in laser cavities equipped with such output couplers. We identify a cavity configuration for which nonlinear lensing can simultaneously produce mode locking and correction of beam ellipticity at the output coupler.

Miniature multicontact connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holden, D. G.; Robelen, D. B.

1970-01-01

Connectors, which have 4 to 9 contacts, are engaged through a hole with a minimum diameter of 0.030 inch. They are constructed of concentric brass and nylon components assembled with a light, firm press-fit. They withstand several thousand mating cycles and each outer contact has a one ampere capacity.

Soldering to a single atomic layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Girit, ćaǧlar Ö.; Zettl, A.

2007-11-01

The standard technique to make electrical contact to nanostructures is electron beam lithography. This method has several drawbacks including complexity, cost, and sample contamination. We present a simple technique to cleanly solder submicron sized, Ohmic contacts to nanostructures. To demonstrate, we contact graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon, and investigate low- and high-bias electronic transport. We set lower bounds on the current carrying capacity of graphene. A simple model allows us to obtain device characteristics such as mobility, minimum conductance, and contact resistance.

Soldering to a single atomic layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Girit, Caglar; Zettl, Alex

2008-03-01

The standard technique to make electrical contact to nanostructures is electron beam lithography. This method has several drawbacks including complexity, cost, and sample contamination. We present a simple technique to cleanly solder submicron sized, Ohmic contacts to nanostructures. To demonstrate, we contact graphene, a single atomic layer of carbon, and investigate low- and high-bias electronic transport. We set lower bounds on the current carrying capacity of graphene. A simple model allows us to obtain device characteristics such as mobility, minimum conductance, and contact resistance.

Lock-in thermography, penetrant inspection, and scanning electron microscopy for quantitative evaluation of open micro-cracks at the tooth-restoration interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Streza, M.; Hodisan, I.; Prejmerean, C.; Boue, C.; Tessier, Gilles

2015-03-01

The evaluation of a dental restoration in a non-invasive way is of paramount importance in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to assess the minimum detectable open crack at the cavity-restorative material interface by the lock-in thermography technique, at laser intensities which are safe for living teeth. For the analysis of the interface, 18 box-type class V standardized cavities were prepared on the facial and oral surfaces of each tooth, with coronal margins in enamel and apical margins in dentine. The preparations were restored with the Giomer Beautifil (Shofu) in combination with three different adhesive systems. Three specimens were randomly selected from each experimental group and each slice has been analysed by visible, infrared (IR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Lock-in thermography showed the most promising results in detecting both marginal and internal defects. The proposed procedure leads to a diagnosis of micro-leakages having openings of 1 µm, which is close to the diffraction limit of the IR camera. Clinical use of a thermographic camera in assessing the marginal integrity of a restoration becomes possible. The method overcomes some drawbacks of standard SEM or dye penetration testing. The results support the use of an IR camera in dentistry, for the diagnosis of micro-gaps at bio-interfaces.

The impact of distraction mitigation strategies on driving performance.

PubMed

Donmez, Birsen; Boyle, Linda Ng; Lee, John D

2006-01-01

An experiment was conducted to assess the effects of distraction mitigation strategies on drivers' performance and productivity while engaged in an in-vehicle information system task. Previous studies show that in-vehicle tasks undermine driver safety and there is a need to mitigate driver distraction. An advising strategy that alerts drivers to potential dangers and a locking strategy that prevents the driver from continuing the distracting task were presented to 16 middle-aged and 12 older drivers in a driving simulator in two modes (auditory, visual) and two road conditions (curves, braking events). Distraction was a problem for both age groups. Visual distractions were more detrimental than auditory ones for curve negotiation, as depicted by more erratic steering, F (6, 155) = 26.76, p < .05. Drivers did brake more abruptly under auditory distractions, but this effect was mitigated by both the advising, t (155) = 8.37, p < .05, and locking strategies, t (155) = 8.49, p < .05. The locking strategy also resulted in longer minimum time to collision for middle-aged drivers engaged in visual distractions, F (6, 138) = 2.43, p < .05. Adaptive interfaces can reduce abrupt braking on curve entries resulting from auditory distractions and can also improve the braking response for distracted drivers. These strategies can be incorporated into existing in-vehicle systems, thus mitigating the effects of distraction and improving driver performance.

Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Rotator Cuff Deficiency: A Concise Follow-up, at a Minimum of 10 Years, of Previous Reports.

PubMed

Cuff, Derek J; Pupello, Derek R; Santoni, Brandon G; Clark, Rachel E; Frankle, Mark A

2017-11-15

We previously evaluated 94 patients (96 shoulders) who underwent reverse shoulder arthroplasty using a central compressive screw with 5.0-mm peripheral locking screws for baseplate fixation and a center of rotation lateral to the glenoid as treatment for end-stage rotator cuff deficiency. The purpose of this study was to report updated results at a minimum follow-up of 10 years. Forty patients (42 shoulders) were available for clinical follow-up. In the patients available for study, implant survivorship, with the end point being revision for any reason, was 90.7%. Since our 5-year report, 2 patients underwent revision surgery; 1 patient sustained a periprosthetic fracture 7 years postoperatively and 1 patient had a dislocation because of chronic shoulder instability at 8 years postoperatively. At a minimum follow-up of 10 years, the patients continued to maintain their improved outcome scores and range of motion, which were comparable with earlier follow-up evaluations. Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Susceptibility of Candida glabrata biofilms to echinocandins: alterations in the matrix composition.

PubMed

Rodrigues, Célia F; Rodrigues, Maria Elisa; Henriques, Mariana

2018-05-25

Candidiases are the most recurrent fungal infections, especially among immunosuppressed patients. Although Candida albicans is still the most widespread isolated species, non-Candida albicans Candida species have been increasing. The goal of this work was to determine the susceptibility of C. glabrata biofilms to echinocandins and to evaluate their effect on the biofilm matrix composition, comparing the results with other Candida species. Drug susceptibilities were assessed through the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of caspofungin (Csf) and micafugin (Mcf). The β-1,3 glucans content of the matrices was assessed after contact with the drugs. The data suggest that, generally, after contact with echinocandins, the concentration of β-1,3 glucans increased. These adjustments in the matrix composition of C. glabrata biofilms and the chemical differences between Csf and Mcf, seem responsible and may determine the effectivity of the drug responses.

Anomalous contact angle hysteresis of a captive bubble: advancing contact line pinning.

PubMed

Hong, Siang-Jie; Chang, Feng-Ming; Chou, Tung-He; Chan, Seong Heng; Sheng, Yu-Jane; Tsao, Heng-Kwong

2011-06-07

Contact angle hysteresis of a sessile drop on a substrate consists of continuous invasion of liquid phase with the advancing angle (θ(a)) and contact line pinning of liquid phase retreat until the receding angle (θ(r)) is reached. Receding pinning is generally attributed to localized defects that are more wettable than the rest of the surface. However, the defect model cannot explain advancing pinning of liquid phase invasion driven by a deflating bubble and continuous retreat of liquid phase driven by the inflating bubble. A simple thermodynamic model based on adhesion hysteresis is proposed to explain anomalous contact angle hysteresis of a captive bubble quantitatively. The adhesion model involves two solid–liquid interfacial tensions (γ(sl) > γ(sl)′). Young’s equation with γ(sl) gives the advancing angle θ(a) while that with γ(sl)′ due to surface rearrangement yields the receding angle θ(r). Our analytical analysis indicates that contact line pinning represents frustration in surface free energy, and the equilibrium shape corresponds to a nondifferential minimum instead of a local minimum. On the basis of our thermodynamic model, Surface Evolver simulations are performed to reproduce both advancing and receding behavior associated with a captive bubble on the acrylic glass.

21 CFR 177.1440 - 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin resins minimum molecular weight 10,000.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS Substances for Use as Basic Components of Single and Repeated Use Food Contact Surfaces § 177.1440 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin resins minimum molecular weight 10... may be safely used as articles or components of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing...

21 CFR 177.1440 - 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin resins minimum molecular weight 10,000.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS Substances for Use as Basic Components of Single and Repeated Use Food Contact Surfaces § 177.1440 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin resins minimum molecular weight 10... may be safely used as articles or components of articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing...

Relationship Between Locked Modes and Disruptions in the DIII-D Tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sweeney, Ryan

This thesis is organized into three body chapters: (1) the first use of naturally rotating tearing modes to diagnose intrinsic error fields is presented with experimental results from the EXTRAP T2R reversed field pinch, (2) a large scale study of locked modes (LMs) with rotating precursors in the DIII-D tokamak is reported, and (3) an in depth study of LM induced thermal collapses on a few DIII-D discharges is presented. The amplitude of naturally rotating tearing modes (TMs) in EXTRAP T2R is modulated in the presence of a resonant field (given by the superposition of the resonant intrinsic error field, and, possibly, an applied, resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP)). By scanning the amplitude and phase of the RMP and observing the phase-dependent amplitude modulation of the resonant, naturally rotating TM, the corresponding resonant error field is diagnosed. A rotating TM can decelerate and lock in the laboratory frame, under the effect of an electromagnetic torque due to eddy currents induced in the wall. These locked modes often lead to a disruption, where energy and particles are lost from the equilibrium configuration on a timescale of a few to tens of milliseconds in the DIII-D tokamak. In fusion reactors, disruptions pose a problem for the longevity of the reactor. Thus, learning to predict and avoid them is important. A database was developed consisting of ˜ 2000 DIII-D discharges exhibiting TMs that lock. The database was used to study the evolution, the nonlinear effects on equilibria, and the disruptivity of locked and quasi-stationary modes with poloidal and toroidal mode numbers m = 2 and n = 1 at DIII-D. The analysis of 22,500 discharges shows that more than 18% of disruptions present signs of locked or quasi-stationary modes with rotating precursors. A parameter formulated by the plasma internal inductance li divided by the safety factor at 95% of the toroidal flux, q95, is found to exhibit predictive capability over whether a locked mode will cause a disruption or not, and does so up to hundreds of milliseconds before the disruption. Within 20 ms of the disruption, the shortest distance between the island separatrix and the unperturbed last closed flux surface, referred to as dedge, performs comparably to l i/q95 in its ability to discriminate disruptive locked modes, and it also correlates well with the duration of the locked mode. On average, and within errors, the n=1 perturbed field grows exponentially in the final 50 ms before a disruption, however, the island width cannot discern whether a LM will disrupt or not up to 20 ms before the disruption. A few discharges are selected to analyze the evolution of the electron temperature profile in the presence of multiple coexisting locked modes during partial and full thermal quenches. Partial thermal quenches are often an initial, distinct stage in the full thermal quench caused by radiation, conduction, or convection losses. Here we explore the fundamental mechanism that causes the partial quench. Near the onset of partial thermal quenches, locked islands are observed to align in a unique way, or island widths are observed to grow above a threshold. Energy analysis on one discharge suggests that about half of the energy is lost in the divertor region. In discharges with minimum values of the safety factor above ˜1.2, and with current profiles expected to be classically stable, locked modes are observed to self-stabilize by inducing a full thermal quench, possibly by double tearing modes that remove the pressure gradient across the island, thus removing the neoclassical drive.

Two fault tolerant toggle-hook release

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graves, Thomas Joseph (Inventor); Brown, Christopher William (Inventor)

1991-01-01

A coupling device is disclosed which is mechanically two fault tolerant for release. The device comprises a fastener plate and fastener body, each of which is attachable to a different one of a pair of structures to be joined. The fastener plate and body are coupled by an elongate toggle mounted at one end in a socket on the fastener plate for universal pivotal movement thereon. The other end of the toggle is received in an opening in the fastener body and adapted for limited pivotal movement therein. The toggle is adapted to be restrained by three latch hooks arranged in symmetrical equiangular spacing about the axis of the toggle, each hook being mounted on the fastener body for pivotal movement between an unlatching non-contact position with respect to the toggle and a latching position in engagement with a latching surface of the toggle. The device includes releasable lock means for locking each latch hook in its latching position whereby the toggle couples the fastener plate to the fastener body and means for releasing the lock means to unlock each said latch hook from the latch position whereby the unlocking of at least one of the latch hooks from its latching position results in the decoupling of the fastener plate from the fastener body.

Influence of Amphibian Antimicrobial Peptides and Short Lipopeptides on Bacterial Biofilms Formed on Contact Lenses

PubMed Central

Maciejewska, Magdalena; Bauer, Marta; Neubauer, Damian; Kamysz, Wojciech; Dawgul, Malgorzata

2016-01-01

The widespread use of contact lenses is associated with several complications, including ocular biofilm-related infections. They are very difficult to manage with standard antimicrobial therapies, because bacterial growth in a biofilm is associated with an increased antibiotic resistance. The principal aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in eradication of bacterial biofilms formed on commercially available contact lenses. AMPs were synthesized according to Fmoc/tBu chemistry using the solid-phase method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC) of the compounds were determined. Anti-biofilm activity of the antimicrobial peptides determined at different temperatures (25 °C and 37 °C) were compared with the effectiveness of commercially available contact lens solutions. All of the tested compounds exhibited stronger anti-biofilm properties as compared to those of the tested lens solutions. The strongest activity of AMPs was noticed against Gram-positive strains at a temperature of 25 °C. Conclusions: The results of our experiments encourage us toward further studies on AMPs and their potential application in the prophylaxis of contact lens-related eye infections. PMID:28773992

Focused Ion Beam Methods for Research and Control of HEMT Fabrication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pevtsov, E. Ph; Bespalov, A. V.; Demenkova, T. A.; Luchnikov, P. A.

2017-04-01

The combination of ion-beam spraying and raster electronic microscopy allows to receive images of sections of defects of the growth nature origin in epitaxial films on GaN basis with nanodimensional permission, to carry out their analysis and classification irrespective of conditions of receiving. Results of application of the specified methods for the analysis of technological operations when forming the microwave transistors are considered: formations of locks, receiving of holes and drawing of contacts.

Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations of high mobility holes in monolayer and bilayer WSe2: spin-valley locking, effective mass, and inter-layer coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fallahazad, Babak; Movva, Hema Chandra Prakash; Kim, Kyounghwan; Larentis, Stefano; Taniguchi, Takashi; Watanabe, Kenji; Banerjee, Sanjay K.; Tutuc, Emanuel

We study the magnetotransport properties of high mobility holes in monolayer and bilayer WSe2, measured in dual-gated samples with top and bottom hexagonal boron-nitride dielectrics, and using platinum bottom contacts. Thanks to the Pt high work-function combined with the a high hole density induced electrostatically by an applied top gate bias, the contacts remain ohmic down to low (1.5 K) temperatures. The samples display well defined Shubnikov-de Haas (SdH) oscillations, and quantum Hall states (QHS) in high magnetic fields. In both mono and bilayer WSe2, the SdH oscillations and the QHSs occur predominantly at even filling factors, evincing a two-fold Landau level degeneracy consistent with spin-valley locking. The Fourier transform analysis of the SdH oscillations in dual-gated bilayer WSe2 reveal the presence of two subbands, each localized in the top or the bottom layer, as well as negative compressibility. From the temperature dependence of the SdH oscillation amplitude we determine a hole effective mass of 0.45me for both mono and bilayer WSe2. The top and bottom layer densities can be independently tuned using the top and bottom gates, respectively, evincing a weak interlayer coupling. This work has been supported by NRI-SWAN and Intel corporation.

On the numerical solution of the dynamically loaded hydrodynamic lubrication of the point contact problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Sang G.; Brewe, David E.; Prahl, Joseph M.

1990-01-01

The transient analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication of a point-contact is presented. A body-fitted coordinate system is introduced to transform the physical domain to a rectangular computational domain, enabling the use of the Newton-Raphson method for determining pressures and locating the cavitation boundary, where the Reynolds boundary condition is specified. In order to obtain the transient solution, an explicit Euler method is used to effect a time march. The transient dynamic load is a sinusoidal function of time with frequency, fractional loading, and mean load as parameters. Results include the variation of the minimum film thickness and phase-lag with time as functions of excitation frequency. The results are compared with the analytic solution to the transient step bearing problem with the same dynamic loading function. The similarities of the results suggest an approximate model of the point contact minimum film thickness solution.

Performance of bulk oil circuit breaker (BOCB) influenced by its parameters (Case study at the substation of Bogor Baru)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goeritno, Arief; Rasiman, Syofyan

2017-06-01

Performance examination of the bulk oil circuit breaker that is influenced by its parameters at the Substation of Bogor Baru (the State Electricity Company = PLN) has been done. It is found that (1) dielectric strength of oil still qualifies as an insulating and cooling medium, because the average value of the measurement result is still above the minimum value allowed, where the minimum limit of 80 kV/2.5 cm or 32 kV/cm; (2) the simultaneity of the CB's contacts is still eligible, so that the BOCB can still be operated, because the difference of time between the highest and lowest values when the BOCB's contacts are opened/closed are less than (Δt<) 10 milliseconds (if meeting the PLN standards as recommended by Alsthom); and (3) the parameter of resistance according to the standards, where (i) the resistance of insulation has a value far above the allowed threshold, while the minimum standards are above 2,000 Mn (if meeting the ANSI standards) or on the value of 2,000 MΩ (if meeting PLN standards), (ii) the resistance of contacts has a value far above the allowed threshold, while the minimum standards are below 350 µΩ (if meeting ANSI standards) or on the value of 200 µΩ (if meeting PLN standards). The resistance of grounding is equal to the maximum limit specified, while the maximum standard is on the value of 0.5 Ω (if meeting PLN standard).

Asynchronous partial contact motion due to internal resonance in multiple degree-of-freedom rotordynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaw, A. D.; Champneys, A. R.; Friswell, M. I.

2016-08-01

Sudden onset of violent chattering or whirling rotor-stator contact motion in rotational machines can cause significant damage in many industrial applications. It is shown that internal resonance can lead to the onset of bouncing-type partial contact motion away from primary resonances. These partial contact limit cycles can involve any two modes of an arbitrarily high degree-of-freedom system, and can be seen as an extension of a synchronization condition previously reported for a single disc system. The synchronization formula predicts multiple drivespeeds, corresponding to different forms of mode-locked bouncing orbits. These results are backed up by a brute-force bifurcation analysis which reveals numerical existence of the corresponding family of bouncing orbits at supercritical drivespeeds, provided the damping is sufficiently low. The numerics reveal many overlapping families of solutions, which leads to significant multi-stability of the response at given drive speeds. Further, secondary bifurcations can also occur within each family, altering the nature of the response and ultimately leading to chaos. It is illustrated how stiffness and damping of the stator have a large effect on the number and nature of the partial contact solutions, illustrating the extreme sensitivity that would be observed in practice.

Broadcasting but not receiving: density dependence considerations for SETI signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Reginald D.

2009-04-01

This paper develops a detailed quantitative model which uses the Drake equation and an assumption of an average maximum radio broadcasting distance by an communicative civilization. Using this basis, it estimates the minimum civilization density for contact between two civilizations to be probable in a given volume of space under certain conditions, the amount of time it would take for a first contact, and the question of whether reciprocal contact is possible.

Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

DOE PAGES

Hanson, Jeremy M.; Berkery, John W.; Bialek, James M.; ...

2017-03-20

Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor q min exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89 = 2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided asmore » long as a threshold minimum safety factor value q min > 2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to β N values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to β N > 4 by broadening the current profile. Furthermore, this path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.« less

Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanson, Jeremy M.; Berkery, John W.; Bialek, James M.

Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor q min exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89 = 2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided asmore » long as a threshold minimum safety factor value q min > 2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to β N values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to β N > 4 by broadening the current profile. Furthermore, this path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.« less

The mechanics of stick-slip

USGS Publications Warehouse

Byerlee, J.D.

1970-01-01

Physical mechanisms that have been proposed to explain the occurrence of stick-slip motion during frictional sliding have been examined in the light of results obtained from experiments with rocks and brittle minerals. An instability caused by sudden brittle fracture of locked regions on surfaces in contact is the most likely explanation for stick-slip during dry frictional sliding of brittle rocks at room temperature. Areas requiring further study and the uncertainties in applying the results of laboratory experiments to earthquake studies are emphasized. ?? 1970.

Frequency-Tracking CW Doppler Radar Solving Small-Angle Approximation and Null Point Issues in Non-Contact Vital Signs Monitoring.

PubMed

Mercuri, Marco; Liu, Yao-Hong; Lorato, Ilde; Torfs, Tom; Bourdoux, Andre; Van Hoof, Chris

2017-06-01

A Doppler radar operating as a Phase-Locked-Loop (PLL) in frequency demodulator configuration is presented and discussed. The proposed radar presents a unique architecture, using a single channel mixer, and allows to detect contactless vital signs parameters while solving the null point issue and without requiring the small angle approximation condition. Spectral analysis, simulations, and experimental results are presented and detailed to demonstrate the feasibility and the operational principle of the proposed radar architecture.

A Novel Face-on-Face Contact Method for Nonlinear Solid Mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wopschall, Steven Robert

The implicit solution to contact problems in nonlinear solid mechanics poses many difficulties. Traditional node-to-segment methods may suffer from locking and experience contact force chatter in the presence of sliding. More recent developments include mortar based methods, which resolve local contact interactions over face-pairs and feature a kinematic constraint in integral form that smoothes contact behavior, especially in the presence of sliding. These methods have been shown to perform well in the presence of geometric nonlinearities and are demonstratively more robust than node-to-segment methods. These methods are typically biased, however, interpolating contact tractions and gap equations on a designated non-mortar face, which leads to an asymmetry in the formulation. Another challenge is constraint enforcement. The general selection of the active set of constraints is brought with difficulty, often leading to non-physical solutions and easily resulting in missed face-pair interactions. Details on reliable constraint enforcement methods are lacking in the greater contact literature. This work presents an unbiased contact formulation utilizing a median-plane methodology. Up to linear polynomials are used for the discrete pressure representation and integral gap constraints are enforced using a novel subcycling procedure. This procedure reliably determines the active set of contact constraints leading to physical and kinematically admissible solutions void of heuristics and user action. The contact method presented herein successfully solves difficult quasi-static contact problems in the implicit computational setting. These problems feature finite deformations, material nonlinearity, and complex interface geometries, all of which are challenging characteristics for contact implementations and constraint enforcement algorithms. The subcycling procedure is a key feature of this method, handling active constraint selection for complex interfaces and mesh geometries.

Kinematical synthesis of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aguirrebeitia, J.; Avilés, R.; Fernández, I.; Abasolo, M.

2013-03-01

This paper presents the kinematical features of an inversion of the double linked fourbar for morphing wing purposes. The structure of the mechanism is obtained using structural synthesis concepts, from an initial conceptual schematic. Then, kinematic characteristics as instant center of rotation, lock positions, dead point positions and uncertainty positions are derived for this mechanism in order to face the last step, the dimensional synthesis; in this sense, two kinds of dimensional synthesis are arranged to guide the wing along two positions, and to fulfill with the second one some aerodynamic and minimum actuation energy related issues.

Efficacy of an ankle brace with a subtalar locking system in inversion control in dynamic movements.

PubMed

Zhang, Songning; Wortley, Michael; Chen, Qingjian; Freedman, Julia

2009-12-01

Controlled laboratory study. To examine effectiveness of an ankle brace with a subtalar locking system in restricting ankle inversion during passive and dynamic movements. Semirigid ankle braces are considered more effective in restricting ankle inversion than other types of brace, but a semirigid brace with a subtalar locking system may be even more effective. Nineteen healthy subjects with no history of major lower extremity injuries were included in the study. Participants performed 5 trials of an ankle inversion drop test and a lateral-cutting movement without wearing a brace and while wearing either the Element (with the subtalar locking system), a Functional ankle brace, or an ASO ankle brace. A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess brace differences (P?.05). All 3 braces significantly reduced total passive ankle frontal plane range of motion (ROM), with the Element ankle brace being the most effective. For the inversion drop the results showed significant reductions in peak ankle inversion angle and inversion ROM for all 3 braces compared to the no brace condition; and the peak inversion velocity was also reduced for the Element brace and the Functional brace. In the lateral-cutting movement, a small but significant reduction of the peak inversion angle in early foot contact and the peak eversion velocity at push-off were seen when wearing the Element and the Functional ankle braces compared to the no brace condition. Peak vertical ground reaction force was reduced for the Element brace compared to the ASO brace and the no brace conditions. These results suggest that the tested ankle braces, especially the Element brace, provided effective restriction of ankle inversion during both passive and dynamic movements.

Variation in predicting pantograph-catenary interaction contact forces, numerical simulations and field measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nåvik, Petter; Rønnquist, Anders; Stichel, Sebastian

2017-09-01

The contact force between the pantograph and the contact wire ensures energy transfer between the two. Too small of a force leads to arching and unstable energy transfer, while too large of a force leads to unnecessary wear on both parts. Thus, obtaining the correct contact force is important for both field measurements and estimates using numerical analysis. The field contact force time series is derived from measurements performed by a self-propelled diagnostic vehicle containing overhead line recording equipment. The measurements are not sampled at the actual contact surface of the interaction but by force transducers beneath the collector strips. Methods exist for obtaining more realistic measurements by adding inertia and aerodynamic effects to the measurements. The variation in predicting the pantograph-catenary interaction contact force is studied in this paper by evaluating the effect of the force sampling location and the effects of signal processing such as filtering. A numerical model validated by field measurements is used to study these effects. First, this paper shows that the numerical model can reproduce a train passage with high accuracy. Second, this study introduces three different options for contact force predictions from numerical simulations. Third, this paper demonstrates that the standard deviation and the maximum and minimum values of the contact force are sensitive to a low-pass filter. For a specific case, an 80 Hz cut-off frequency is compared to a 20 Hz cut-off frequency, as required by EN 50317:2012; the results show an 11% increase in standard deviation, a 36% increase in the maximum value and a 19% decrease in the minimum value.

77 FR 11738 - Authorization To Use Lower Than Standard Takeoff, Approach and Landing Minimums at Military and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... concerning this action, contact Gregory French, Air Transportation Division, 135 Air Carrier Operations...; telephone (202) 267-4112; email gregory.french@faa.gov . For legal questions concerning this action, contact... Documents An electronic copy of a rulemaking document my be obtained by using the Internet-- 1. Search the...

A contact mechanics model for ankle implants with inclusion of surface roughness effects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hodaei, M.; Farhang, K.; Maani, N.

2014-02-01

Total ankle replacement is recognized as one of the best procedures to treat painful arthritic ankles. Even though this method can relieve patients from pain and reproduce the physiological functions of the ankle, an improper design can cause an excessive amount of metal debris due to wear, causing toxicity in implant recipient. This paper develops a contact model to treat the interaction of tibia and talus implants in an ankle joint. The contact model describes the interaction of implant rough surfaces including both elastic and plastic deformations. In the model, the tibia and the talus surfaces are viewed as macroscopically conforming cylinders or conforming multi-cylinders containing micrometre-scale roughness. The derived equations relate contact force on the implant and the minimum mean surface separation of the rough surfaces. The force is expressed as a statistical integral function of asperity heights over the possible region of interaction of the roughness of the tibia and the talus implant surfaces. A closed-form approximate equation relating contact force and minimum separation is used to obtain energy loss per cycle in a load-unload sequence applied to the implant. In this way implant surface statistics are related to energy loss in the implant that is responsible for internal void formation and subsequent wear and its harmful toxicity to the implant recipient.

Loose-Lipped Mobile Device Intelligent Personal Assistants: A Discussion of Information Gleaned from Siri on Locked iOS Devices.

PubMed

Horsman, Graeme

2018-04-23

The forensic analysis of mobile handsets is becoming a more prominent factor in many criminal investigations. Despite such devices frequently storing relevant evidential content to support an investigation, accessing this information is becoming an increasingly difficult task due to enhanced effective security features. Where access to a device's resident data is not possible via traditional mobile forensic methods, in some cases it may still be possible to extract user information via queries made to an installed intelligent personal assistant. This article presents an evaluation of the information which is retrievable from Apple's Siri when interacted with on a locked iOS device running iOS 11.2.5 (the latest at the time of testing). The testing of verbal commands designed to elicit a response from Siri demonstrate the ability to recover call log, SMS, Contacts, Apple Maps, Calendar, and device information which may support any further investigation. © 2018 American Academy of Forensic Sciences.

Analysis of starvation effects on hydrodynamic lubrication in nonconforming contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, D. E.; Hamrock, B. J.

1981-01-01

The effects of lubricant starvation on minimum film thickness, under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact, are determined by numerical methods where: (1) starvation is effected by varying the fluid inlet level; (2) the Reynolds boundary conditions are applied at the cavitation boundary; and (3) zero pressure is stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. Seventy-four cases were used to numerically determine a minimum-film-thickness equation, as a function of the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed for varying degrees of starvation. A film reduction factor was in turn determined as a function of the fluid inlet level, and a starved, fully-flooded boundary was defined along with an expression determining the onset of starvation. It is found that as the degree of starvation increases, the minimum film thickness decreases gradually until the fluid inlet becomes critical. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three-dimensional isometric plots.

Controls on the Climates of Tidally Locked Terrestrial Planets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, J.; Cowan, N. B.; Abbot, D. S.

2013-12-01

Earth-size planets in the habitable zone of M-dwarf stars may be very common. Due to strong tidal forces, these planets in circulate orbits are expected to be tidally locked, with one hemisphere experiencing perpetual day and the other permanent night. Previous studies on the climates of tidally locked planets were primarily based on complex 3D general circulation models (GCMs). The central question to be answered in this work is: what is the minimum necessary physics needed to understand the climates simulated by GCMs? A two-column model, primarily based on the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation (Sobel et al. 2001) and the fixed anvil temperature (FAT) hypothesis (Hartmann and Larson 2002) for the tropical climate of Earth, is developed for understanding the climates of tidally locked planets. This highly idealized model well reproduces fundamental features of the climates obtained in complicated GCMs (Yang et al. 2013), including planetary albedo, longwave cloud forcing, outgoing longwave radiation (OLR), and atmospheric energy transport. This suggests that the WTG approximation and the FAT hypothesis may be good approximations for tidally locked habitable planets, which provides strong constraints on the large-scale circulations, diabatic processes, and cloud behaviour on these planets. Both the simple model and the GCMs predict that (i) convection and planetary albedo on the dayside increase as stellar flux is increased; (ii) longwave cloud radiative forcing increases as stellar flux is increased, due to the cloud top temperature remains nearly constant as the climate changes (FAT hypothesis); (iii) for planets at the inner regions of the habitable zone, the dayside--nightside OLR contrast becomes very weak or even reverses, due to the strong longwave absorption by water vapor and clouds on the dayside; (iv) the dayside--to--nightside atmospheric energy transport (AET) increases as stellar flux is increased, and decreases as oceanic energy transport (OET) is included, although the compensation between AET and OET is incomplete. To summarize, we are able to construct a realistic low-order model for the climate of tidally locked terrestrial planets, including the cloud behavior, using only the two constraints. This bodes well for the interpretation of complex GCMs and future observations of such planets using, for example, the James Webb Space Telescope. Cited papers: [1]. Sobel, A. H., J. Nilsson and L. M. Polvani: The weak temperature gradient approximation and balanced tropical moisture waves, J. Atmos. Sci., 58, 3650-65, 2001. [2]. Hartmann, D. L. and K. Larson, An important constraint on tropical cloud-climate feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 29, 1951-54, 2002. [3]. Yang, J., N. B. Cowan and D. S. Abbot: Stabilizing cloud feedback dramatically expands the habitable zone of tidally locked planets, ApJ. Lett., 771, L45, 2013.

Skin-to-skin contact. Part one: just an hour of your time...

PubMed

Vincent, Sarah

2011-05-01

A growing body of evidence suggests that extended skin-to-skin contact between mother and baby immediately after birth provides numerous and significant benefits including regulating heartbeat and temperature for the baby, protecting against infections, and promoting feelings of calm and wellbeing in both mother and baby. As a result the Baby Friendly Initiative has increased the amount of time that mothers and babies should spend in skin contact to one hour minimum, and much more where possible.

Investigating Information Dynamics in Living Systems through the Structure and Function of Enzymes.

PubMed

Gatenby, Robert; Frieden, B Roy

2016-01-01

Enzymes are proteins that accelerate intracellular chemical reactions often by factors of 105-1012s-1. We propose the structure and function of enzymes represent the thermodynamic expression of heritable information encoded in DNA with post-translational modifications that reflect intra- and extra-cellular environmental inputs. The 3 dimensional shape of the protein, determined by the genetically-specified amino acid sequence and post translational modifications, permits geometric interactions with substrate molecules traditionally described by the key-lock best fit model. Here we apply Kullback-Leibler (K-L) divergence as metric of this geometric "fit" and the information content of the interactions. When the K-L 'distance' between interspersed substrate pn and enzyme rn positions is minimized, the information state, reaction probability, and reaction rate are maximized. The latter obeys the Arrhenius equation, which we show can be derived from the geometrical principle of minimum K-L distance. The derivation is first limited to optimum substrate positions for fixed sets of enzyme positions. However, maximally improving the key/lock fit, called 'induced fit,' requires both sets of positions to be varied optimally. We demonstrate this permits and is maximally efficient if the key and lock particles pn, rn are quantum entangled because the level of entanglement obeys the same minimized value of the Kullback-Leibler distance that occurs when all pn ≈ rn. This implies interchanges pn ⇄ brn randomly taking place during a reaction successively improves key/lock fits, reducing the activation energy Ea and increasing the reaction rate k. Our results demonstrate the summation of heritable and environmental information that determines the enzyme spatial configuration, by decreasing the K-L divergence, is converted to thermodynamic work by reducing Ea and increasing k of intracellular reactions. Macroscopically, enzyme information increases the order in living systems, similar to the Maxwell demon gedanken, by selectively accelerating specific reaction thus generating both spatial and temporal concentration gradients.

Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanson, J. M.; Berkery, J. W.; Bialek, J.; Clement, M.; Ferron, J. R.; Garofalo, A. M.; Holcomb, C. T.; La Haye, R. J.; Lanctot, M. J.; Luce, T. C.; Navratil, G. A.; Olofsson, K. E. J.; Strait, E. J.; Turco, F.; Turnbull, A. D.

2017-05-01

Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device (Luxon et al 2005 Fusion Sci. Tech. 48 807) demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor {{q}\\text{min}} exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89  =  2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided as long as a threshold minimum safety factor value {{q}\\text{min}}>2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to {β\\text{N}} values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to {β\\text{N}}>4 by broadening the current profile. This path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.

Human-Human Interaction Forces and Interlimb Coordination During Side-by-Side Walking With Hand Contact.

PubMed

Sylos-Labini, Francesca; d'Avella, Andrea; Lacquaniti, Francesco; Ivanenko, Yury

2018-01-01

Handholding can naturally occur between two walkers. When people walk side-by-side, either with or without hand contact, they often synchronize their steps. However, despite the importance of haptic interaction in general and the natural use of hand contact between humans during walking, few studies have investigated forces arising from physical interactions. Eight pairs of adult subjects participated in this study. They walked on side-by-side treadmills at 4 km/h independently and with hand contact. Only hand contact-related sensory information was available for unintentional synchronization, while visual and auditory communication was obstructed. Subjects walked at their natural cadences or following a metronome. Limb kinematics, hand contact 3D interaction forces and EMG activity of 12 upper limb muscles were recorded. Overall, unintentional step frequency locking was observed during about 40% of time in 88% of pairs walking with hand contact. On average, the amplitude of contact arm oscillations decreased while the contralateral (free) arm oscillated in the same way as during normal walking. Interestingly, EMG activity of the shoulder muscles of the contact arm did not decrease, and their synergistic pattern remained similar. The amplitude of interaction forces and of trunk oscillations was similar for synchronized and non-synchronized steps, though the synchronized steps were characterized by significantly more regular orientations of interaction forces. Our results further support the notion that gait synchronization during natural walking is common, and that it may occur through interaction forces. Conservation of the proximal muscle activity of the contact (not oscillating) arm is consistent with neural coupling between cervical and lumbosacral pattern generation circuitries ("quadrupedal" arm-leg coordination) during human gait. Overall, the findings suggest that individuals might integrate force interaction cues to communicate and coordinate steps during walking.

Human-Human Interaction Forces and Interlimb Coordination During Side-by-Side Walking With Hand Contact

PubMed Central

Sylos-Labini, Francesca; d'Avella, Andrea; Lacquaniti, Francesco; Ivanenko, Yury

2018-01-01

Handholding can naturally occur between two walkers. When people walk side-by-side, either with or without hand contact, they often synchronize their steps. However, despite the importance of haptic interaction in general and the natural use of hand contact between humans during walking, few studies have investigated forces arising from physical interactions. Eight pairs of adult subjects participated in this study. They walked on side-by-side treadmills at 4 km/h independently and with hand contact. Only hand contact-related sensory information was available for unintentional synchronization, while visual and auditory communication was obstructed. Subjects walked at their natural cadences or following a metronome. Limb kinematics, hand contact 3D interaction forces and EMG activity of 12 upper limb muscles were recorded. Overall, unintentional step frequency locking was observed during about 40% of time in 88% of pairs walking with hand contact. On average, the amplitude of contact arm oscillations decreased while the contralateral (free) arm oscillated in the same way as during normal walking. Interestingly, EMG activity of the shoulder muscles of the contact arm did not decrease, and their synergistic pattern remained similar. The amplitude of interaction forces and of trunk oscillations was similar for synchronized and non-synchronized steps, though the synchronized steps were characterized by significantly more regular orientations of interaction forces. Our results further support the notion that gait synchronization during natural walking is common, and that it may occur through interaction forces. Conservation of the proximal muscle activity of the contact (not oscillating) arm is consistent with neural coupling between cervical and lumbosacral pattern generation circuitries (“quadrupedal” arm-leg coordination) during human gait. Overall, the findings suggest that individuals might integrate force interaction cues to communicate and coordinate steps during walking. PMID:29563883

Surface topographical changes measured by phase-locked interferometry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lauer, J. L.; Fung, S. S.

1984-01-01

An electronic optical laser interferometer capable of resolving depth differences of as low as 30 A and planar displacements of 6000 A was constructed to examine surface profiles of bearing surfaces without physical contact. Topological chemical reactivity was determined by applying a drop of dilute alcoholic hydrochloric acid and measuring the profile of the solid surface before and after application of this probe. Scuffed bearing surfaces reacted much faster than virgin ones but that bearing surfaces exposed to lubricants containing an organic chloride reacted much more slowly. The reactivity of stainless steel plates, heated in a nitrogen atmosphere to different temperatures, were examined later at ambient temperature. The change of surface contour as a result of the probe reaction followed Arrhenius-type relation with respect to heat treatment temperature. The contact area of the plate of a ball/plate sliding elastohydrodynamic contact run on trimethylopropane triheptanoate with or without additives was optically profiled periodically. As scuffing was approached, the change of profile within the contact region changed much more rapidly by the acid probe and assumed a constant high value after scuffing. A nonetching metallurgical phase was found in the scuff mark, which was apparently responsible for the high reactivity.

Semiconductor structural damage attendant to contact formation in III-V solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fatemi, Navid S.; Weizer, Victor G.

1991-01-01

In order to keep the resistive losses in solar cells to a minimum, it is often necessary for the ohmic contacts to be heat treated to lower the metal-semiconductor contact resistivity to acceptable values. Sintering of the contacts, however can result in extensive mechanical damage of the semiconductor surface under the metallization. An investigation of the detailed mechanisms involved in the process of contact formation during heat treatment may control the structural damage incurred by the semiconductor surface to acceptable levels, while achieving the desired values of contact resistivity for the ohmic contacts. The reaction kinetics of sintered gold contacts to InP were determined. It was found that the Au-InP interaction involves three consecutive stages marked by distinct color changes observed on the surface of the Au, and that each stage is governed by a different mechanism. A detailed description of these mechanisms and options to control them are presented.

The effect of minimum impact education on visitor spatial behavior in parks and protected areas: An experimental investigation using GPS-based tracking.

PubMed

Kidd, Abigail M; Monz, Christopher; D'Antonio, Ashley; Manning, Robert E; Reigner, Nathan; Goonan, Kelly A; Jacobi, Charles

2015-10-01

The unmanaged impacts of recreation and tourism can often result in unacceptable changes in resource conditions and quality of the visitor experience. Minimum impact visitor education programs aim to reduce the impacts of recreation by altering visitor behaviors. Specifically, education seeks to reduce impacts resulting from lack of knowledge both about the consequences of one's actions and impact-minimizing best practices. In this study, three different on-site minimum impact education strategies ("treatments") and a control condition were applied on the trails and summit area of Sargent Mountain in Acadia National Park, Maine. Treatment conditions were designed to encourage visitors to stay on marked trails and minimize off-trail travel. Treatments included a message delivered via personal contact, and both an ecological-based message and an amenity-based message posted on signs located alongside the trail. A control condition of current trail markings and directional signs was also assessed. The efficacy of the messaging was evaluated through the use of Global Positioning System (GPS) tracking of visitor spatial behavior on/off trails. Spatial analysis of GPS tracks revealed statistically significant differences among treatments, with the personal contact treatment yielding significantly less dispersion of visitors on the mountain summit. Results also indicate that the signs deployed in the study were ineffective at limiting off-trail use beyond what can be accomplished with trail markers and directional signs. These findings suggest that personal contact by a uniformed ranger or volunteer may be the most effective means of message delivery for on-site minimum impact education. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

National Dam Safety Program. Lock C-12 Dam, Inventory Number NY-796. Lake Champlain Basin, Washington County, NY. Phase I Inspection Report,

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-27

Inspection Personnel R. WAPA0* DEk W. L’C c. Persons Contacted (Including Address & Phone No.) N S-DeT - £pI 1 W. CL&LLIGM ( CAMAL SEgT. OPF1M:SFII ST) 747...kI/_A, c. Unusual Conditions Which Affect Dam $I.E AM Q&ALOA CAMAL k 1 /P4 fb~t S4.OFE SLOQtH~im if FbpL 0=29- EflLQ FLE𔃾 IIQ 6) Area Downstream of

Roughness Influence on Initiation of Fretting Fatigue Scar of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capitanu, L.; Badita, L. L.; Florescu, V.; Tiganesteanu, C.

2018-01-01

This paper reports on the experimental studies undertaken to detect the early stage when appears the fretting wear of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy used for the hip prostheses. Wear is a critical aspect for estimating the fretting fatigue. Studies were performed on samples of special shape, in order to be able to study the influence of in contact surfaces roughness on the durability to fretting. Fretting buffers, with roughnesses Ra of the contact surface of 0.015 and 0.045 μm, and Ti-6Al-4V samples with roughnesses Ra = 0.045 μm, Ra = 0.075 μm and Ra = 0.19 μm, were used. Testing periods of 3 seconds, 1 minute and 5 minutes were selected to capture the moment of the fretting scar appearance, long before these initiate the eventual fretting cracking. Simultaneously with fretting wear of the surface, the friction coefficient was also measured. From the in time evolution determinations of the fretting wear, it resulted that, under the experimental conditions used, the minimum wear occurs at a certain value of the roughness and not at the minimum roughness. Surprisingly, the minimum friction coefficient does not coincide with the minimum fretting wear.

Wang-Landau density of states based study of the folding-unfolding transition in the mini-protein Trp-cage (TC5b)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Priya; Sarkar, Subir K.; Bandyopadhyay, Pradipta

2014-07-01

We present the results of a high-statistics equilibrium study of the folding/unfolding transition for the 20-residue mini-protein Trp-cage (TC5b) in water. The ECEPP/3 force field is used and the interaction with water is treated by a solvent-accessible surface area method. A Wang-Landau type simulation is used to calculate the density of states and the conditional probabilities for the various values of the radius of gyration and the number of native contacts at fixed values of energy—along with a systematic check on their convergence. All thermodynamic quantities of interest are calculated from this information. The folding-unfolding transition corresponds to a peak in the temperature dependence of the computed specific heat. This is corroborated further by the structural signatures of folding in the distributions for radius of gyration and the number of native contacts as a function of temperature. The potentials of mean force are also calculated for these variables, both separately and jointly. A local free energy minimum, in addition to the global minimum, is found in a temperature range substantially below the folding temperature. The free energy at this second minimum is approximately 5 kBT higher than the value at the global minimum.

The minimum mass ratio of W Ursae Majoris binaries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rasio, Frederic A.

1995-01-01

The minimum mass ratio for tidal stability of a contact binary containing two unevolved main-sequence stars is calculated to be q(sub min) approximately =0.09 in the case of a mostly radiative primary, and it is higher if an appreciable fraction of the mass lies in a convective envelope. At least one observed system, AW UMa, has a mass ratio just below this value (q = 0.075), implying that, if the system is stable, the primary must be slightly evolved and must have a very shallow convective envelope. Contact binaries with mass ratios significantly below that of AW UMa should not be observed, since they are tidally unstable and quickly merge into a single, rapidly rotating object, on a timescale approximately 10(exp 3)-10(exp 4) yr.

Lock-and-key mechanisms of cerebellar memory recall based on rebound currents.

PubMed

Wetmore, Daniel Z; Mukamel, Eran A; Schnitzer, Mark J

2008-10-01

A basic question for theories of learning and memory is whether neuronal plasticity suffices to guide proper memory recall. Alternatively, information processing that is additional to readout of stored memories might occur during recall. We formulate a "lock-and-key" hypothesis regarding cerebellum-dependent motor memory in which successful learning shapes neural activity to match a temporal filter that prevents expression of stored but inappropriate motor responses. Thus, neuronal plasticity by itself is necessary but not sufficient to modify motor behavior. We explored this idea through computational studies of two cerebellar behaviors and examined whether deep cerebellar and vestibular nuclei neurons can filter signals from Purkinje cells that would otherwise drive inappropriate motor responses. In eyeblink conditioning, reflex acquisition requires the conditioned stimulus (CS) to precede the unconditioned stimulus (US) by >100 ms. In our biophysical models of cerebellar nuclei neurons this requirement arises through the phenomenon of postinhibitory rebound depolarization and matches longstanding behavioral data on conditioned reflex timing and reliability. Although CS-US intervals<100 ms may induce Purkinje cell plasticity, cerebellar nuclei neurons drive conditioned responses only if the CS-US training interval was >100 ms. This bound reflects the minimum time for deinactivation of rebound currents such as T-type Ca2+. In vestibulo-ocular reflex adaptation, hyperpolarization-activated currents in vestibular nuclei neurons may underlie analogous dependence of adaptation magnitude on the timing of visual and vestibular stimuli. Thus, the proposed lock-and-key mechanisms link channel kinetics to recall performance and yield specific predictions of how perturbations to rebound depolarization affect motor expression.

CW and femtosecond operation of a diode-pumped Yb:BaY(2)F(8) laser.

PubMed

Galzerano, G; Coluccelli, N; Gatti, D; Di Lieto, A; Tonelli, M; Laporta, P

2010-03-15

We report for the first time on laser action of a diode-pumped Yb:BaY(2)F(8) crystal. Both CW and femtosecond operations have been demonstrated at room-temperature conditions. A maximum output power of 0.56 W, a slope efficiency of 34%, and a tunability range from 1013 to 1067 nm have been obtained in CW regime. Transform-limited pulse trains with a minimum duration of 275 fs, an average power of 40 mW, and a repetition rate of 83 MHz have been achieved in a passive mode-locked regime using a semiconductor saturable absorber mirror.

Bit-error-rate testing of fiber optic data links for MMIC-based phased array antennas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shalkhauser, K. A.; Kunath, R. R.; Daryoush, A. S.

1990-01-01

The measured bit-error-rate (BER) performance of a fiber optic data link to be used in satellite communications systems is presented and discussed. In the testing, the link was measured for its ability to carry high burst rate, serial-minimum shift keyed (SMSK) digital data similar to those used in actual space communications systems. The fiber optic data link, as part of a dual-segment injection-locked RF fiber optic link system, offers a means to distribute these signals to the many radiating elements of a phased array antenna. Test procedures, experimental arrangements, and test results are presented.

29 CFR 1926.105 - Safety nets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with the surfaces or structures below... shall provide a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. (e) Forged steel safety hooks or shackles...

29 CFR 1926.105 - Safety nets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with the surfaces or structures below... shall provide a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. (e) Forged steel safety hooks or shackles...

29 CFR 1926.105 - Safety nets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with the surfaces or structures below... shall provide a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. (e) Forged steel safety hooks or shackles...

29 CFR 1926.105 - Safety nets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... be hung with sufficient clearance to prevent user's contact with the surfaces or structures below... shall provide a minimum breaking strength of 5,000 pounds. (e) Forged steel safety hooks or shackles...

Seismicity near a Highly-Coupled Patch in the Central Ecuador Subduction Zone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Regnier, M. M.; Segovia, M.; Font, Y.; Charvis, P.; Galve, A.; Jarrin, P.; Hello, Y.; Ruiz, M. C.; Pazmino, A.

2017-12-01

The temporary onshore-offshore seismic network deployed during the 2-years period of the OSISEC project provides an unprecedented, detailed and well-focused image of the seismicity for magnitudes as low as 2.0 in the Central Ecuadorian subduction zone. Facing the southern border of the Carnegie Ridge, a shallow and discrete highly-coupled patch is correlated to the subduction of a large oceanic relief. No large earthquake is known in this area that is experiencing recurrent seismic swarms and slow slip events. The shallow and locked subduction interface shows no evidence of background seismicity that instead occurred down dip of the coupled patch where it is possibly controlled by structural features of the overriding plate. We show a clear spatial correlation between the background microseismicity, the down dip extension of the locked patch at 20 km depth and the geology of the upper plate. The dip angle of the interplate contact zone, defined by a smooth interpolation through the hypocenters of thrust events, is consistent with a progressive increase from 6° to 25° from the trench to 20 km depth. Offshore, a seismic swarm, concomitant with a slow slip event rupturing the locked area, highlights the reactivation of secondary active faults that developed within the thickened crust of the subducting Carnegie Ridge, at the leading edge of a large oceanic seamount. No seismicity was detected near the plate interface suggesting that stress still accumulates at small and isolated asperities

Apparatus for remotely handling components

DOEpatents

Szkrybalo, Gregory A.; Griffin, Donald L.

1994-01-01

The inventive apparatus for remotely handling bar-like components which define a longitudinal direction includes a gripper mechanism for gripping the component including first and second gripper members longitudinally fixedly spaced from each other and oriented parallel to each other in planes transverse to the longitudinal direction. Each gripper member includes a jaw having at least one V-groove with opposing surfaces intersecting at a base and extending radially relative to the longitudinal direction for receiving the component in an open end between the opposing surfaces. The V-grooves on the jaw plate of the first and second gripper members are aligned in the longitudinal direction to support the component in the first and second gripper members. A jaw is rotatably mounted on and a part of each of the first and second gripper members for selectively assuming a retracted mode in which the open end of the V-groove is unobstructed and active mode in which the jaw spans the open end of the V-groove in the first and second gripper members. The jaw has a locking surface for contacting the component in the active mode to secure the component between the locking surface of the jaw and the opposing surfaces of the V-groove. The locking surface has a plurality of stepped portions, each defining a progressively decreasing radial distance between the base of the V-groove and the stepped portion opposing the base to accommodate varying sizes of components.

Differences in coastal subsidence in southern Oregon (USA) during at least six prehistoric megathrust earthquakes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Milker, Yvonne; Nelson, Alan R.; Horton, Benjamin P.; Engelhart, Simon E.; Bradley, Lee-Ann; Witter, Robert C.

2016-01-01

Stratigraphic, sedimentologic (including CT 3D X-ray tomography scans), foraminiferal, and radiocarbon analyses show that at least six of seven abrupt peat-to-mud contacts in cores from a tidal marsh at Talbot Creek (South Slough, Coos Bay), record sudden subsidence (relative sea-level rise) during great megathrust earthquakes at the Cascadia subduction zone. Data for one contact are insufficient to infer whether or not it records a great earthquake—it may also have formed through local, non-seismic, hydrographic processes. To estimate the amount of subsidence marked by each contact, we expanded a previous regional modern foraminiferal dataset to 174 samples from six Oregon estuaries. Using a transfer function derived from the new dataset, estimates of coseismic subsidence across the six earthquake contacts vary from 0.31 m to 0.75 m. Comparison of subsidence estimates for three contacts in adjacent cores shows within-site differences of ≤0.10 m, about half the ±0.22 m error, although some estimates may be minimums due to uncertain ecological preferences for Balticammina pseudomacrescens in brackish environments and almost monospecific assemblages of Miliammina fusca on tidal flats. We also account for the influence of taphonomic processes, such as infiltration of mud with mixed foraminiferal assemblages into peat, on subsidence estimates. Comparisons of our subsidence estimates with values for correlative contacts at other Oregon sites suggest that some of our estimates are minimums and that Cascadia's megathrust earthquake ruptures have been heterogeneous over the past 3500 years.

42 CFR 84.201 - Head harnesses; minimum requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of pressure over the entire area in contact with the face. (2) Facepieces for single-use vinyl... face. (b) Mouthpieces shall be equipped where applicable, with an adjustable and replaceable harness...

Development of Anti-Loosening Performance of Hyper Lock Nut

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishiyama, Shuji; Migita, Hiroaki; Kataoka, Mitumasa; Nakasaki, Nobuyuki; Murano, Kohshi

Bolted joints are widely used in mechanical structures as they allow easy disassembly for maintenance without high cost. However, vibration-induced loosening due to dynamic loading remains a long-unresolved issue. We have developed a new type of nut named the hyper lock nut (HLN) that offers anti-loosening performance without a complicated tightening process and tools. In this study, we investigated the mechanisms of joints bolted with the HLN, and tightening behavior was analyzed using the three-dimensional finite element method. The analytical results were compared with the experimental results for the HLN, and close qualitative agreement was observed between the two with respect to displacement, tightening force and tightening torque. We found a number of new aspects and plus points for joints bolted with the HLN in comparison to those fastened with JIS standard nuts. It was found that the tightening torque of the HLN is higher than that of JIS standard nuts, and that satisfactory anti-loosening performance can be realized through the thread contact force at the slit region and the angular face of the bearing surface.

A load-lock compatible system for in situ electrical resistivity measurements during thin film growth.

PubMed

Colin, J J; Diot, Y; Guerin, Ph; Lamongie, B; Berneau, F; Michel, A; Jaouen, C; Abadias, G

2016-02-01

An experimental setup designed for in situ electrical resistance measurement during thin film growth is described. The custom-built sample holder with a four-point probe arrangement can be loaded into a high-vacuum magnetron sputter-deposition chamber through a load-lock transfer system, allowing measurements on series of samples without venting the main chamber. Electrical contact is ensured with circular copper tracks inserted in a Teflon plate on a mounting holder station inside the deposition chamber. This configuration creates the possibility to measure thickness-dependent electrical resistance changes with sub-monolayer resolution and is compatible with use of sample rotation during growth. Examples are presented for metallic films with high adatom mobility growing in a Volmer-Weber mode (Ag and Pd) as well as for refractory metal (Mo) with low adatom mobility. Evidence for an amorphous-to-crystalline phase transition at a film thickness of 2.6 nm is reported during growth of Mo on an amorphous Si underlayer, supporting previous findings based on in situ wafer curvature measurements.

High pressure ceramic joint

DOEpatents

Ward, M.E.; Harkins, B.D.

1993-11-30

Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present joint when used with recuperators increases the use of ceramic components which do not react to highly corrosive gases. Thus, the present joint used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present joint is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a mechanical locking device having a groove defined in one of the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The joint and the mechanical locking device is further comprised of a refractory material disposed in the groove and contacting the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The present joint mechanically provides a high strength load bearing joint having good thermal cycling characteristics, good resistance to a corrosive environment and good steady state strength at elevated temperatures. 4 figures.

High pressure ceramic joint

DOEpatents

Ward, Michael E.; Harkins, Bruce D.

1993-01-01

Many recuperators have components which react to corrosive gases and are used in applications where the donor fluid includes highly corrosive gases. These recuperators have suffered reduced life, increased service or maintenance, and resulted in increased cost. The present joint when used with recuperators increases the use of ceramic components which do not react to highly corrosive gases. Thus, the present joint used with the present recuperator increases the life, reduces the service and maintenance, and reduces the increased cost associated with corrosive action of components used to manufacture recuperators. The present joint is comprised of a first ceramic member, a second ceramic member, a mechanical locking device having a groove defined in one of the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The joint and the mechanical locking device is further comprised of a refractory material disposed in the groove and contacting the first ceramic member and the second ceramic member. The present joint mechanically provides a high strength load bearing joint having good thermal cycling characteristics, good resistance to a corrosive environment and good steady state strength at elevated temperatures.

Non-contact optical sensor for detection of glucose concentration using a magneto-optic effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozana, Nisan; Beiderman, Yevgeny; Anand, Arun; Javidi, Baharam; Polani, Sagi; Schwarz, Ariel; Shemer, Amir; García, Javier; Zalevsky, Zeev

2016-03-01

In this paper we aim to experimentally verify a speckle based technique for non-contact measurement of glucose concentration in blood stream while the vision for the final device aims to contain a single wristwatch-style device containing an AC (alternating) electro-magnet generated by a solenoid, a laser and a camera. The experiments presented in work are performed in-vitro in order to verify the effects that are responsible for the operation principle. When a glucose substance is inserted into a solenoid generating an alternating magnetic field it exhibits Faraday rotation which affects the temporal changes of the secondary speckle patterns distribution. The temporal frequency resulting from the AC magnetic field was found to have a lock-in amplification role which increased the observability of the relatively small magneto-optic effect. Experimental results to support the proposed concept are presented.

21 CFR 177.2910 - Ultra-filtration membranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with a hydrophilic surface modifier consisting of... washing with a minimum of 8 gallons of potable water prior to their first use in contact with food. (g...

21 CFR 177.2910 - Ultra-filtration membranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with a hydrophilic surface modifier consisting of... washing with a minimum of 8 gallons of potable water prior to their first use in contact with food. (g...

21 CFR 177.2910 - Ultra-filtration membranes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a microporous poly(vinylidene fluoride) membrane with a hydrophilic surface modifier consisting of... washing with a minimum of 8 gallons of potable water prior to their first use in contact with food. (g...

77 FR 76979 - Pesticides; Revisions to Minimum Risk Exemption

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-31

...EPA is proposing to more clearly describe the active and inert ingredients permitted in products eligible for the exemption from regulation for minimum risk pesticides. EPA is proposing to reorganize these lists with a focus on clarity and transparency by adding specific chemical identifiers. The identifiers would make it clearer to manufacturers; the public; and Federal, state, and tribal inspectors which ingredients are permitted in minimum risk pesticide products. EPA is also proposing to modify the label requirements in the exemption to require the use of specific common chemical names in lists of ingredients on minimum risk pesticide product labels, and to require producer contact information on the label. Once final, these proposed changes would maintain the availability of minimum risk pesticide products while providing more consistent information for consumers, clearer regulations for producers, and easier identification by states, tribes and EPA as to whether a product is in compliance with the exemption.

Effects of Volar Tilt, Wrist Extension, and Plate Position on Contact Between Flexor Pollicis Longus Tendon and Volar Plate.

PubMed

Wurtzel, Caroline N Wolfe; Burns, Geoffrey T; Zhu, Andy F; Ozer, Kagan

2017-12-01

Volar plates positioned at, or distal to, the watershed line have been shown to have a higher incidence of attritional rupture of the flexor pollicis longus (FPL). In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of wrist extension and volar tilt on the contact between the plate and the FPL tendon in a cadaver model. We hypothesized that, following volar plate application, loss of native volar tilt increases the contact between the FPL and the plate at lower degrees of wrist extension. A volar locking plate was applied on 6 fresh-frozen cadavers. To determine the contact between the plate and the FPL tendon, both structures were wrapped with copper wire and circuit conductivity was monitored throughout wrist motion. A lateral wrist radiograph was obtained at each circuit closure, indicating tendon-plate contact. Baseline measurements were obtained with plate positioned at Soong grades 0, 1, and 2. An extra-articular osteotomy was made and contact was recorded at various volar tilt angles (+5°, 0°, -5°, -10°, -15°, and -20°) in 3 different plate positions. A blinded observer measured the degree of wrist extension on all lateral radiographs. Data were analyzed using linear mixed-effects regression model. Plates placed distal to the watershed line had the most contact throughout wrist range of motion. Significantly, less wrist extension was required for contact in wrists with neutral or dorsal tilt and in distally placed volar plates. Volar tilt, wrist extension, and plate position were 3 independent risk factors determining contact between plate and tendon. Loss of volar tilt, increased wrist extension, and higher Soong grade plate position result in greater contact between wire-wrapped FPL tendon and plate. The FPL/plate contact chart generated in this study may be used to assess the risk of rupture in the clinical setting. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Phenotypic Modulation of the Virulent Bvg Phase Is Not Required for Pathogenesis and Transmission of Bordetella bronchiseptica in Swine

PubMed Central

Brockmeier, Susan L.; Loving, Crystal L.; Register, Karen B.; Kehrli, Marcus E.; Stibitz, Scott E.; Shore, Sarah M.

2012-01-01

The majority of virulence gene expression in Bordetella is regulated by a two-component sensory transduction system encoded by the bvg locus. In response to environmental cues, the BvgAS regulatory system controls expression of a spectrum of phenotypic phases, transitioning between a virulent (Bvg+) phase and a nonvirulent (Bvg−) phase, a process referred to as phenotypic modulation. We hypothesized that the ability of Bordetella bronchiseptica to undergo phenotypic modulation is required at one or more points during the infectious cycle in swine. To investigate the Bvg phase-dependent contribution to pathogenesis of B. bronchiseptica in swine, we constructed a series of isogenic mutants in a virulent B. bronchiseptica swine isolate and compared each mutant to the wild-type isolate for its ability to colonize and cause disease. We additionally tested whether a BvgAS system capable of modulation is required for direct or indirect transmission. The Bvg− phase-locked mutant was never recovered from any respiratory tract site at any time point examined. An intermediate phase-locked mutant (Bvgi) was found in numbers lower than the wild type at all respiratory tract sites and time points examined and caused limited to no disease. In contrast, colonization of the respiratory tract and disease caused by the Bvg+ phase-locked mutant and the wild-type strain were indistinguishable. The Bvg+ phase-locked mutant transmitted to naïve pigs by both direct and indirect contact with efficiency equal to that of the wild-type isolate. These results indicate that while full activation of the BvgAS regulatory system is required for colonization and severe disease, it is not deleterious to direct and indirect transmission. Overall, our results demonstrate that the Bvg+ phase is sufficient for respiratory infection and host-to-host transmission of B. bronchiseptica in swine. PMID:22158743

Effect of different atmospheres on the electrical contact performance of electronic components under fretting wear

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Xin-Long; Cai, Zhen-Bing; Cui, Ye; Liu, Shan-Bang; Xu, Xiao-Jun; Zhu, Min-Hao

2018-04-01

The effects of oxide etch on the surface morphology of metals for industrial application is a common cause of electrical contacts failure, and it has becomes a more severe problem with the miniaturization of modern electronic devices. This study investigated the effects of electrical contact resistance on the contactor under three different atmospheres (oxygen, air, and nitrogen) based on 99.9% copper/pogo pins contacts through fretting experiments. The results showed the minimum and stable electrical contact resistance value when shrouded in the nitrogen environment and with high friction coefficient. The rich oxygen environment promotes the formation of cuprous oxide, thereby the electrical contact resistance increases. Scanning electron microscope microscopy and electron probe microanalysis were used to analyze the morphology and distribution of elements of the wear area, respectively. The surface product between contacts was investigated by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis to explain the different electrical contact properties of the three tested samples during fretting.

49 CFR 236.337 - Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. 236.337... Rules and Instructions § 236.337 Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. Locking faces shall fit... face. ...

49 CFR 236.337 - Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. 236.337... Rules and Instructions § 236.337 Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. Locking faces shall fit... face. ...

49 CFR 236.337 - Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. 236.337... Rules and Instructions § 236.337 Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. Locking faces shall fit... face. ...

49 CFR 236.337 - Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. 236.337... Rules and Instructions § 236.337 Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. Locking faces shall fit... face. ...

49 CFR 236.330 - Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. 236.330 Section 236.330 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.330 Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. Locking dog of switch-and-lock...

49 CFR 236.330 - Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. 236.330 Section 236.330 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.330 Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. Locking dog of switch-and-lock...

49 CFR 236.330 - Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. 236.330 Section 236.330 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.330 Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. Locking dog of switch-and-lock...

49 CFR 236.330 - Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. 236.330 Section 236.330 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.330 Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. Locking dog of switch-and-lock...

49 CFR 236.330 - Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. 236.330 Section 236.330 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.330 Locking dog of switch-and-lock movement. Locking dog of switch-and-lock...

Contact solution algorithms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tielking, John T.

1989-01-01

Two algorithms for obtaining static contact solutions are described in this presentation. Although they were derived for contact problems involving specific structures (a tire and a solid rubber cylinder), they are sufficiently general to be applied to other shell-of-revolution and solid-body contact problems. The shell-of-revolution contact algorithm is a method of obtaining a point load influence coefficient matrix for the portion of shell surface that is expected to carry a contact load. If the shell is sufficiently linear with respect to contact loading, a single influence coefficient matrix can be used to obtain a good approximation of the contact pressure distribution. Otherwise, the matrix will be updated to reflect nonlinear load-deflection behavior. The solid-body contact algorithm utilizes a Lagrange multiplier to include the contact constraint in a potential energy functional. The solution is found by applying the principle of minimum potential energy. The Lagrange multiplier is identified as the contact load resultant for a specific deflection. At present, only frictionless contact solutions have been obtained with these algorithms. A sliding tread element has been developed to calculate friction shear force in the contact region of the rolling shell-of-revolution tire model.

Local finite element enrichment strategies for 2D contact computations and a corresponding post-processing scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauer, Roger A.

2013-08-01

Recently an enriched contact finite element formulation has been developed that substantially increases the accuracy of contact computations while keeping the additional numerical effort at a minimum reported by Sauer (Int J Numer Meth Eng, 87: 593-616, 2011). Two enrich-ment strategies were proposed, one based on local p-refinement using Lagrange interpolation and one based on Hermite interpolation that produces C 1-smoothness on the contact surface. Both classes, which were initially considered for the frictionless Signorini problem, are extended here to friction and contact between deformable bodies. For this, a symmetric contact formulation is used that allows the unbiased treatment of both contact partners. This paper also proposes a post-processing scheme for contact quantities like the contact pressure. The scheme, which provides a more accurate representation than the raw data, is based on an averaging procedure that is inspired by mortar formulations. The properties of the enrichment strategies and the corresponding post-processing scheme are illustrated by several numerical examples considering sliding and peeling contact in the presence of large deformations.

Period changes of two contact binaries: DF Hya and WZ And

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulut, A.; Bulut, I.

2018-02-01

Orbital period variations of two contact binaries DF Hya and WZ And are analyzed with the least-squares method by using all available minima times. It is shown that the period variations of these systems are due mainly to the Light-Time Effect (LITE) due originates from gravitational influence of a third body. New LITE elements such as, orbital periods and minimum masses of possibility third bodies are given.

41. LOCK AND DAM NO. 26 (REPLACEMENT). LOCK LOCK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

41. LOCK AND DAM NO. 26 (REPLACEMENT). LOCK -- LOCK GATES -- LIFT GATE, GATE LEAVES -- GENERAL ASSEMBLY. M-L 26(R) 21/28 - Upper Mississippi River 9-Foot Channel Project, Lock & Dam 26R, Alton, Madison County, IL

Chassis stabilization system

DOEpatents

Claxton, Gerald L.

1999-01-01

A stabilizing suspension system is provided for vehicles carrying telescopic booms or aerial work platforms having a fixed axle and a oscillating axle. Hydraulic cylinders are connected to each end of the oscillating axle, each cylinder being capable of extending and retracting. An off level sensor senses the angle of tilt of the chassis in both left and right directions and, when a predetermined threshold of tilt has been detected, the hydraulic cylinder on the downhill side of the chassis is locked against retracting, but is free to move in the downhill direction to allow the downhill wheel to remain in contact with the ground.

49 CFR 236.766 - Locking, movable bridge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locking, movable bridge. 236.766 Section 236.766... Locking, movable bridge. The rail locks, bridge locks, bolt locks, circuit controllers, and electric locks used in providing interlocking protection at a movable bridge. ...

49 CFR 236.766 - Locking, movable bridge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, movable bridge. 236.766 Section 236.766... Locking, movable bridge. The rail locks, bridge locks, bolt locks, circuit controllers, and electric locks used in providing interlocking protection at a movable bridge. ...

49 CFR 236.306 - Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. 236... Interlocking Standards § 236.306 Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement shall be provided for mechanically operated switch, movable-point frog, or split-point...

49 CFR 236.306 - Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. 236... Interlocking Standards § 236.306 Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement shall be provided for mechanically operated switch, movable-point frog, or split-point...

49 CFR 236.306 - Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. 236... Interlocking Standards § 236.306 Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement shall be provided for mechanically operated switch, movable-point frog, or split-point...

49 CFR 236.306 - Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. 236... Interlocking Standards § 236.306 Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement shall be provided for mechanically operated switch, movable-point frog, or split-point...

49 CFR 236.306 - Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. 236... Interlocking Standards § 236.306 Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement. Facing point lock or switch-and-lock movement shall be provided for mechanically operated switch, movable-point frog, or split-point...

Outcome of locking compression plates in humeral shaft nonunions

PubMed Central

Kumar, Malhar N; Ravindranath, V Pratap; Ravishankar, MR

2013-01-01

Background: Nonunion of diaphyseal fractures of the humerus are frequently seen in clinical practice (incidence of up to 15% in certain studies) and osteosynthesis using dynamic compression plates, intra medullary nails and Ilizarov fixators have been reported previously. Locking compression plates (LCP) are useful in the presence of disuse osteoporosis, segmental bone loss and cortical defects that preclude strong fixation. We report a prospective followup study of the outcome of the use of LCP for humeral nonunion following failed internal fixation in which implants other than LCP had been used. Materials and Methods: Twenty four patients with nonunion of humeral shaft fractures following failed internal fixation were included in the study. The mean followup period was 3.4 years (range: 2.4 to 5.7 years) and the minimum followup period was 2 years. Mean age of the patients was 41.04 years (range: 24 to 57 years). All 24 patients underwent osteosynthesis using LCP and autologous bone grafting (cortico-cancellous iliac crest graft combined with or without fibular strut graft). Main outcome measurements included radiographic assessment of fracture union and pre and postoperative functional evaluation using the modified Constant and Murley scoring system. Results: 23 out of 24 fractures united following osteosynthesis. Average time to union was 16 weeks (range: 10 to 28 weeks). Complications included delayed union (n = 2), transient radial nerve palsy (n = 2) and persistent nonunion (n = 1). Functional evaluation using the Constant and Murley score showed excellent results in 11, good in 10, fair in two and poor outcome in one patient. Conclusions: Locking compression plating and cancellous bone grafting is a reliable option for achieving union in humeral diaphyseal nonunion with failed previous internal fixation and results in good functional outcome in patients with higher physiological demands. PMID:23682176

Surgical treatment of comminuted mandibular fractures using a low-profile locking mandibular reconstruction plate system

PubMed Central

Kanno, Takahiro; Sukegawa, Shintaro; Nariai, Yoshiki; Tatsumi, Hiroto; Ishibashi, Hiroaki; Furuki, Yoshihiko; Sekine, Joji

2014-01-01

Objective: The treatment of comminuted mandibular fractures is challenging due to the severity of associated injuries and the need for a careful diagnosis with adequate treatment planning. Recently, open reduction and stable internal fixation (OR-IF) with a load-bearing reconstruction plate have been advocated for reliable clinical outcomes with minimal complications. This clinical prospective study evaluated OR-IF in the surgical management of comminuted mandibular fractures with a new low-profile, thin, mandibular locking reconstruction plate. Materials and Methods: We prospectively assessed OR-IF of comminuted mandibular fractures with a low-profile locking mandibular reconstruction plate in 12 patients (nine men, three women; mean age 32.2 [range 16-71] years) between April 2010 and December 2011. The clinical characteristics and associated clinical parameters of patients were evaluated over a minimum follow-up period of 12 months. Results: Traffic accidents caused 50% of the fractures, followed by falls (25%). Four patients (33.3%) had associated midfacial maxillofacial fractures, while five patients had other mandibular fractures. Seven patients (58.3%) needed emergency surgery, mostly for airway management. Anatomical reduction of the comminuted segments re-established the mandibular skeleton in stable occlusion with rigid IF via extraoral (33.3%), intraoral (50%), or combined (16.7%) approaches. Immediate functional recovery was achieved. Sound bone healing was confirmed in all patients, with no complications such as malocclusion, surgical site infection, or malunion with a mean follow-up of 16.3 (range 12-24) months. Conclusions: OR-IF using a low-profile reconstruction plate system is a reliable treatment for comminuted mandibular fractures, enabling immediate functional recovery with good clinical results. PMID:25593862

Nuclear reactor fuel assembly duct-tube-to-handling-socket attachment system

DOEpatents

Christiansen, David W.; Smith, Bob G.

1982-01-01

A reusable system for removably attaching the upper end 10of a nuclear reactor duct tube to the lower end 30 of a nuclear reactor fuel assembly handling socket. A transition ring 20, fixed to the duct tube's upper end 10, has an interior-threaded section 22 with a first locking hole segment 24. An adaptor ring 40, fixed to the handling socket's lower end 30 has an outside-threaded section 42 with a second locking hole segment 44. The inside 22 and outside 42 threaded sections match and can be joined so that the first 24 and second 44 locking hole segments can be aligned to form a locking hole. A locking ring 50, with a locking pin 52, slides over the adaptor ring 40 so that the locking pin 52 fits in the locking hole. A swage lock 60 or a cantilever finger lock 70 is formed from the locking cup collar 26 to fit in a matching groove 54 or 56 in the locking ring 50 to prevent the locking ring's locking pin 52 from backing out of the locking hole.

Dependence of injection locking of a TEA CO2 laser on intensity of injected radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oppenheim, U. P.; Menzies, R. T.; Kavaya, M. J.

1982-01-01

The results of an experimental study to determine the minimum required injected power to control the output frequency of a TEA CO2 laser are reported. A CW CO2 waveguide laser was used as the injection oscillator. Both the power and the frequency of the injected radiation were varied, while the TEA resonator cavity length was adjusted to match the frequency of the injected signal. Single-longitudinal mode (SLM) TEA laser radiation was produced for injected power levels which are several orders of magnitude below those previously reported. The ratio of SLM output power to injection power exceeded 10 to the 12th at the lowest levels of injected intensity.

Theoretical results for fully flooded, elliptical hydrodynamic contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamrock, B. J.; Dowson, D.

1982-01-01

The influence of the ellipticity parameter and the dimensionless speed, load, and materials parameters on minimum film thickness was investigated. The ellipticity parameter was varied from 1 (a ball-on-plate configuration) to 8 (a configuration approaching a line contact). The dimensionless speed parameter was varied over a range of nearly two orders of magnitude. Conditions corresponding to the use of solid materials of bronze, steel, and silicon nitride and lubricants of praffinic and naphthemic mineral oils were considered in obtaining the exponent in the dimensionless materials parameter. Thirty-four different cases were used in obtaining the minimum film thickness formula H min = 3.63U to the 0.68 power G to the 0.49 power W to the -0.073 power 1-e to the 0.68K power). A simplified expression for the ellipticity parameter was found where k = 1.03 (r(y)/r(x)) to the 0.64 power. Contour plots were also shown which indicate in detail the pressure spike and two side lobes in which the minimum film thickness occurs. These theoretical solutions of film thickness have all the essential features of the previously reported experimental observations based upon optical interferometry.

49 CFR 236.337 - Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. 236.337 Section 236.337 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... Rules and Instructions § 236.337 Locking faces of mechanical locking; fit. Locking faces shall fit...

Improved morphology for ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors using WSix- or W-based metallization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, B.; Ren, F.; Fitch, R. C.; Gillespie, J. K.; Jenkins, T.; Sewell, J.; Via, D.; Crespo, A.; Baca, A. G.; Briggs, R. D.; Gotthold, D.; Birkhahn, R.; Peres, B.; Pearton, S. J.

2003-06-01

A comparison was made of specific contact resistivity and morphology of Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au and Ti/Al/Pt/W/Ti/Au ohmic contacts to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures relative to the standard Ti/Al/Pt/Au metallization. The W- and WSi-based contacts show comparable specific resistivities to that of the standard contact on similar layer structures, reaching minimum values of ˜10-5 Ω cm2 after annealing in the range 850-900 °C. However, the W- and WSi-based contacts exhibit much smoother surface morphologies, even after 950 °C annealing. For example, the root-mean-square roughness of the Ti/Al/Pt/WSi/Ti/Au contact annealed at 950 °C was unchanged from the as-deposited values whereas the Ti/Al/Pt/Au contact shows significant deterioration of the morphology under these conditions. The improved thermal stability of the W- and WSix-based contacts is important for maintaining edge acuity during high-temperature operation.

The Preventive Control of a Dengue Disease Using Pontryagin Minimum Principal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ratna Sari, Eminugroho; Insani, Nur; Lestari, Dwi

2017-06-01

Behaviour analysis for host-vector model without control of dengue disease is based on the value of basic reproduction number obtained using next generation matrices. Furthermore, the model is further developed involving a preventive control to minimize the contact between host and vector. The purpose is to obtain an optimal preventive strategy with minimal cost. The Pontryagin Minimum Principal is used to find the optimal control analytically. The derived optimality model is then solved numerically to investigate control effort to reduce infected class.

12. LOCK GATES AT THE SWAMP LOCKS, SEPARATING THE UPPER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. LOCK GATES AT THE SWAMP LOCKS, SEPARATING THE UPPER AND LOWER LOCK CHAMBERS, SHOWING PADDLE VALVES, LOOKING WEST: 1976 - Pawtucket Canal, Swamp Locks, Pawtucket & Merrimack Canals, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA

36 CFR 7.65 - Assateague Island National Seashore.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... toilet and a permanently installed, waste, storage tank capable of holding a minimum of 2 days volume of... width of tire tread contact on sand, 8 in. each wheel. Tires with regular mud/snow grip tread, not...

36 CFR 7.65 - Assateague Island National Seashore.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... toilet and a permanently installed, waste, storage tank capable of holding a minimum of 2 days volume of... width of tire tread contact on sand, 8 in. each wheel. Tires with regular mud/snow grip tread, not...

A system-approach to the elastohydrodynamic lubrication point-contact problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lim, Sang Gyu; Brewe, David E.

1991-01-01

The classical EHL (elastohydrodynamic lubrication) point contact problem is solved using a new system-approach, similar to that introduced by Houpert and Hamrock for the line-contact problem. Introducing a body-fitted coordinate system, the troublesome free-boundary is transformed to a fixed domain. The Newton-Raphson method can then be used to determine the pressure distribution and the cavitation boundary subject to the Reynolds boundary condition. This method provides an efficient and rigorous way of solving the EHL point contact problem with the aid of a supercomputer and a promising method to deal with the transient EHL point contact problem. A typical pressure distribution and film thickness profile are presented and the minimum film thicknesses are compared with the solution of Hamrock and Dowson. The details of the cavitation boundaries for various operating parameters are discussed.

Ohmic contacts on n-type β-Ga2O3 using AZO/Ti/Au

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carey, Patrick H.; Yang, Jiancheng; Ren, F.; Hays, David C.; Pearton, S. J.; Jang, Soohwan; Kuramata, Akito; Kravchenko, Ivan I.

2017-09-01

AZO interlayers between n-Ga2O3 and Ti/Au metallization significantly enhance Ohmic contact formation after annealing at ≥ 30 0°C. Without the presence of the AZO, similar anneals produce only rectifying current-voltage characteristics. Transmission Line Measurements of the Au/Ti/AZO/Ga2O3 stacks showed the specific contact resistance and transfer resistance decreased sharply from as-deposited values with annealing. The minimum contact resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.42 Ω-mm and 2.82 × 10-5 Ω-cm2 were achieved after a relatively low temperature 40 0°C annealing. The conduction band offset between AZO and Ga2O3 is 0.79 eV and provides a favorable pathway for improved electron transport across this interface.

Ohmic contacts on n-type β-Ga 2O 3 using AZO/Ti/Au

DOE PAGES

Carey, IV, Patrick H.; Yang, Jiancheng; Ren, F.; ...

2017-09-14

AZO interlayers between n-Ga 2O 3 and Ti/Au metallization significantly enhance Ohmic contact formation after annealing at ≥ 300°C. Without the presence of the AZO, similar anneals produce only rectifying current-voltage characteristics. Transmission Line Measurements of the Au/Ti/AZO/Ga 2O 3 stacks showed the specific contact resistance and transfer resistance decreased sharply from as-deposited values with annealing. The minimum contact resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.42 Ω-mm and 2.82 × 10 -5 Ω-cm 2 were achieved after a relatively low temperature 400°C annealing. In conclusion, the conduction band offset between AZO and Ga 2O 3 is 0.79 eV and providesmore » a favorable pathway for improved electron transport across this interface.« less

Analysis of starvation effects on hydrodynamic lubrication in nonconforming contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewe, D. E.; Hamrock, B. J.

1981-01-01

Numerical methods were used to determine the effects of lubricant starvation on the minimum film thickness under conditions of a hydrodynamic point contact. Starvation was effected by varying the fluid inlet level. The Reynolds boundary conditions were applied at the cavitation boundary and zero pressure was stipulated at the meniscus or inlet boundary. A minimum-fill-thickness equation as a function of both the ratio of dimensionless load to dimensionless speed and inlet supply level was determined. By comparing the film generated under the starved inlet condition with the film generated from the fully flooded inlet, an expression for the film reduction factor was obtained. Based on this factor a starvation threshold was defined as well as a critically starved inlet. The changes in the inlet pressure buildup due to changing the available lubricant supply are presented in the form of three dimensional isometric plots and also in the form of contour plots.

Multi-valued logic gates based on ballistic transport in quantum point contacts.

PubMed

Seo, M; Hong, C; Lee, S-Y; Choi, H K; Kim, N; Chung, Y; Umansky, V; Mahalu, D

2014-01-22

Multi-valued logic gates, which can handle quaternary numbers as inputs, are developed by exploiting the ballistic transport properties of quantum point contacts in series. The principle of a logic gate that finds the minimum of two quaternary number inputs is demonstrated. The device is scalable to allow multiple inputs, which makes it possible to find the minimum of multiple inputs in a single gate operation. Also, the principle of a half-adder for quaternary number inputs is demonstrated. First, an adder that adds up two quaternary numbers and outputs the sum of inputs is demonstrated. Second, a device to express the sum of the adder into two quaternary digits [Carry (first digit) and Sum (second digit)] is demonstrated. All the logic gates presented in this paper can in principle be extended to allow decimal number inputs with high quality QPCs.

Circuit breaker lockout device

DOEpatents

Kozlowski, Lawrence J.; Shirey, Lawrence A.

1992-01-01

An improved lockout assembly for locking a circuit breaker in a selected off or on position is provided. The lockout assembly includes a lock block and a lock pin. The lock block has a hollow interior which fits over the free end of a switch handle of the circuit breaker. The lock block includes at least one hole that is placed in registration with a hole in the free end of the switch handle. A lock tab on the lock block serves to align and register the respective holes on the lock block and switch handle. A lock pin is inserted through the registered holes and serves to connect the lock block to the switch handle. Once the lock block and the switch handle are connected, the position of the switch handle is prevented from being changed by the lock tab bumping up against a stationary housing portion of the circuit breaker. When the lock pin installed, an apertured-end portion of the lock pin is in registration with another hole on the lock block. Then a special scissors conforming to O.S.H.A. regulations can be installed, with one or more padlocks, on the lockout assembly to prevent removal of the lock pin from the lockout assembly, thereby preventing removal of the lockout assembly from the circuit breaker.

Circuit breaker lockout device

DOEpatents

Kozlowski, L.J.; Shirey, L.A.

1992-11-24

An improved lockout assembly for locking a circuit breaker in a selected off or on position is provided. The lockout assembly includes a lock block and a lock pin. The lock block has a hollow interior which fits over the free end of a switch handle of the circuit breaker. The lock block includes at least one hole that is placed in registration with a hole in the free end of the switch handle. A lock tab on the lock block serves to align and register the respective holes on the lock block and switch handle. A lock pin is inserted through the registered holes and serves to connect the lock block to the switch handle. Once the lock block and the switch handle are connected, the position of the switch handle is prevented from being changed by the lock tab bumping up against a stationary housing portion of the circuit breaker. When the lock pin installed, an apertured-end portion of the lock pin is in registration with another hole on the lock block. Then a special scissors conforming to O.S.H.A. regulations can be installed, with one or more padlocks, on the lockout assembly to prevent removal of the lock pin from the lockout assembly, thereby preventing removal of the lockout assembly from the circuit breaker. 2 figs.

Cervical facet force analysis after disc replacement versus fusion.

PubMed

Patel, Vikas V; Wuthrich, Zachary R; McGilvray, Kirk C; Lafleur, Matthew C; Lindley, Emily M; Sun, Derrick; Puttlitz, Christian M

2017-05-01

Cervical total disc replacement was developed to preserve motion and reduce adjacent-level degeneration relative to fusion, yet concerns remain that total disc replacement will lead to altered facet joint loading and long-term facet joint arthrosis. This study is intended to evaluate changes in facet contact force, pressure and surface area at the treated and superior adjacent levels before and after discectomy, disc replacement, and fusion. Ten fresh-frozen human cadaveric cervical spines were potted from C2 to C7 with pressure sensors placed into the facet joints of C3-C4 and C4-C5 via slits in the facet capsules. Moments were applied to the specimens to produce axial rotation, lateral bending and extension. Facet contact force and pressure were measured at both levels for intact, discectomy at C4-C5, disc replacement with ProDisc-C (Synthes Spine, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) at C4-C5, and anterior discectomy and fusion with Cervical Spine Locking Plate (Synthes Spine, West Chester, Pennsylvania, USA) at C4-C5. Facet contact area was calculated from the force and pressure measurements. An analysis of variance was used to determine significant differences with P-values <0.05 indicating significance. Facet contact force was elevated at the treated level under extension following both discectomy and disc replacement, while facet contact pressure and area were relatively unchanged. Facet contact force and area were decreased at the treated level following fusion for all three loading conditions. Total disc replacement preserved facet contact force for all scenarios except extension at the treated level, highlighting the importance of the anterior disco-ligamentous complex. This could promote treated-level facet joint disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

4. LOOKING NORTHEAST TOWARDS LOCKS. 19TH CENTURY GRAVITY LOCKS ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. LOOKING NORTHEAST TOWARDS LOCKS. 19TH CENTURY GRAVITY LOCKS ON RIGHT. 20TH CENTURY ELECTRIC LIFT LOCKS ON LEFT. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

Elastohydrodynamic film thickness formula based on X-ray measurements with a synthetic paraffinic oil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.; Parker, R. J.; Zaretsky, E. V.

1973-01-01

An empirical elastohydrodynamic film thickness formula for heavily loaded contacts based upon X-ray film thickness measurements made with a synthetic paraffinic oil is presented. The deduced relation was found to adequately reflect the high load dependence exhibited by the measured minimum film thickness data at high Hertizian contact stresses, that is, above 1.04 x 10 to the ninth N/sq m (150,000 psi). Comparisons were made with the numerical results from a theoretical isothermal film thickness formula. The effects of changes in contact geometry, material, and lubricant properties on the form of the empirical model are also discussed.

Elastohydrodynamic film thickness model for heavily loaded contacts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loewenthal, S. H.; Parker, R. J.; Zaretsky, E. V.

1973-01-01

An empirical elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness formula for predicting the minimum film thickness occurring within heavily loaded contacts (maximum Hertz stresses above 150,000 psi) was developed. The formula was based upon X-ray film thickness measurements made with synthetic paraffinic, fluorocarbon, Type II ester and polyphenyl ether fluids covering a wide range of test conditions. Comparisons were made between predictions from an isothermal EHD theory and the test data. The deduced relationship was found to adequately reflect the high-load dependence exhibited by the measured data. The effects of contact geometry, material and lubricant properties on the form of the empirical model are also discussed.

Sensitivity improvements of a resonance-based tactile sensor.

PubMed

Murayama, Yoshinobu; Lindahl, Olof A

2017-02-01

Resonance-based contact-impedance measurement refers to the application of resonance sensors based on the measurement of the changes in the resonance curve of an ultrasonic resonator in contact with a surface. The advantage of the resonance sensor is that it is very sensitive to small changes in the contact impedance. A sensitive micro tactile sensor (MTS) was developed, which measured the elasticity of soft living tissues at the single-cell level. In the present paper, we studied the method of improving the touch and stiffness sensitivity of the MTS. First, the dependence of touch sensitivity in relation to the resonator length was studied by calculating the sensitivity coefficient at each length ranging from 9 to 40 mm. The highest touch sensitivity was obtained with a 30-mm-long glass needle driven at a resonance frequency of 100 kHz. Next, the numerical calculation of contact impedance showed that the highest stiffness sensitivity was achieved when the driving frequency was 100 kHz and the contact-tip diameter of the MTS was 10 μm. The theoretical model was then confirmed experimentally using a phase-locked-loop-based digital feedback oscillation circuit. It was found that the developed MTS, whose resonant frequency was 97.030 kHz, performed with the highest sensitivity of 53.2 × 10 6  Hz/N at the driving frequency of 97.986 kHz, i.e. the highest sensitivity was achieved at 956 Hz above the resonant frequency.

78 FR 78275 - Alcohol and Drug Testing: Determination of Minimum Random Testing Rates for 2014

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... to data from FRA's Management Information System, the rail industry's random drug testing positive... December 26, 2013. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jerry Powers, FRA Drug and Alcohol Program Manager, W38...

78 FR 44399 - Semiannual Regulatory Flexibility Agenda

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-23

... of Basel III, Minimum Regulatory Capital Ratios, Capital Adequacy, and Transition Provisions. (Docket... Further Action........ 12/00/13 Regulatory Flexibility Analysis Required: Yes. Agency Contact: Dena... Regulatory Capital Ratios, Capital Adequacy, and Transition Provisions. (Docket No. R-1442) Legal Authority...

Accurate relocation of seismicity along the North Aegean Trough and its relation to active tectonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konstantinou, K. I.

2017-10-01

The tectonics of northern Aegean are affected by the westward push of Anatolia and the gravitational spreading of the Aegean lithosphere that promote transtensional deformation in the area. This regime is also responsible for the creation of a series of pull-apart basins, collectively known as the North Aegean Trough. This work accurately relocates a total of 2300 earthquakes that were recorded along the North Aegean Trough during 2011-2016 by stations of the Hellenic Unified Seismic Network (HUSN) and strong-motion sensors. Absolute locations for these events were obtained using a nonlinear probabilistic algorithm and utilizing a minimum 1D velocity model with station corrections. The hypocentral depth distribution of these events shows a peak at 8 km diminishing gradually down to 20 km. A systematic overestimation of hypocentral depths is observed in the routine locations provided by the National Observatory of Athens where the majority of events appear to be deeper than 15 km. In order to obtain more accurate relative locations these events were relocated using the double-difference method. A total of 1693 events were finally relocated with horizontal and vertical uncertainties that do not exceed 0.11 km and 0.22 km respectively. Well-defined clusters of seismicity can be observed along the Saros and Sporades basins as well as the Kassandra and Sithonia peninsulas. These clusters either occur along the well-known NE-SW strike-slip faults bounding the basins, or along normal faults whose strike is perpendicular to the regional minimum stress axis. Locking depth along the North Aegean Trough is found to be remarkably stable between 13 and 17 km. This is likely a consequence of simultaneous reduction along the SW direction of heat flow (from 89 to 51 mW/m2) and strain rate (from 600 to 50 nstrain/yr) whose opposite effects are canceled out, precluding any sharp changes in locking depth.

49 CFR 236.745 - Face, locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Face, locking. 236.745 Section 236.745 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Face, locking. The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. ...

49 CFR 236.745 - Face, locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Face, locking. 236.745 Section 236.745 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Face, locking. The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. ...

49 CFR 236.745 - Face, locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Face, locking. 236.745 Section 236.745 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Face, locking. The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. ...

49 CFR 236.745 - Face, locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Face, locking. 236.745 Section 236.745 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Face, locking. The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. ...

49 CFR 236.745 - Face, locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Face, locking. 236.745 Section 236.745 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Face, locking. The locking surface of a locking dog, tappet or cross locking of an interlocking machine. ...

35. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE GUARD LOCKS LOCK HOUSE: CLOSED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. INTERIOR VIEW OF THE GUARD LOCKS LOCK HOUSE: CLOSED LOCK GATES AND TWO SETS OF MACHINERY TO ASSIST IN OPERATING THEM. VIEW FROM THE FAST END OF THE BUILDING LOOKING WEST 1976 - Pawtucket Canal, Guard Locks, Lowell, Middlesex County, MA

49 CFR 236.338 - Mechanical locking required in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... locking sheet and dog chart. 236.338 Section 236.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart. Mechanical locking shall be in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart currently in effect. ...

49 CFR 236.338 - Mechanical locking required in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... locking sheet and dog chart. 236.338 Section 236.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart. Mechanical locking shall be in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart currently in effect. ...

49 CFR 236.338 - Mechanical locking required in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... locking sheet and dog chart. 236.338 Section 236.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart. Mechanical locking shall be in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart currently in effect. ...

49 CFR 236.338 - Mechanical locking required in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... locking sheet and dog chart. 236.338 Section 236.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart. Mechanical locking shall be in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart currently in effect. ...

49 CFR 236.338 - Mechanical locking required in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... locking sheet and dog chart. 236.338 Section 236.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to... in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart. Mechanical locking shall be in accordance with locking sheet and dog chart currently in effect. ...

Frequency-Locked Detector Threshold Setting Criteria Based on Mean-Time-To-Lose-Lock (MTLL) for GPS Receivers

PubMed Central

Zhao, Na; Qin, Honglei; Sun, Kewen; Ji, Yuanfa

2017-01-01

Frequency-locked detector (FLD) has been widely utilized in tracking loops of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to indicate their locking status. The relation between FLD and lock status has been seldom discussed. The traditional PLL experience is not suitable for FLL. In this paper, the threshold setting criteria for frequency-locked detector in the GPS receiver has been proposed by analyzing statistical characteristic of FLD output. The approximate probability distribution of frequency-locked detector is theoretically derived by using a statistical approach, which reveals the relationship between probabilities of frequency-locked detector and the carrier-to-noise ratio (C/N0) of the received GPS signal. The relationship among mean-time-to-lose-lock (MTLL), detection threshold and lock probability related to C/N0 can be further discovered by utilizing this probability. Therefore, a theoretical basis for threshold setting criteria in frequency locked loops for GPS receivers is provided based on mean-time-to-lose-lock analysis. PMID:29207546

Frequency-Locked Detector Threshold Setting Criteria Based on Mean-Time-To-Lose-Lock (MTLL) for GPS Receivers.

PubMed

Jin, Tian; Yuan, Heliang; Zhao, Na; Qin, Honglei; Sun, Kewen; Ji, Yuanfa

2017-12-04

Frequency-locked detector (FLD) has been widely utilized in tracking loops of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers to indicate their locking status. The relation between FLD and lock status has been seldom discussed. The traditional PLL experience is not suitable for FLL. In this paper, the threshold setting criteria for frequency-locked detector in the GPS receiver has been proposed by analyzing statistical characteristic of FLD output. The approximate probability distribution of frequency-locked detector is theoretically derived by using a statistical approach, which reveals the relationship between probabilities of frequency-locked detector and the carrier-to-noise ratio ( C / N ₀) of the received GPS signal. The relationship among mean-time-to-lose-lock (MTLL), detection threshold and lock probability related to C / N ₀ can be further discovered by utilizing this probability. Therefore, a theoretical basis for threshold setting criteria in frequency locked loops for GPS receivers is provided based on mean-time-to-lose-lock analysis.

Self-actuating mechanical grapple for lifting and handling objects

DOEpatents

Hovis, Gregory L.; Etheredge, Jr., Carl T.

2001-01-01

A self-actuating mechanical grapple for lifting and handling an object includes a support housing with upper and lower portions and defining an internal recess. The lower portion of the housing includes a bottom opening which communicates with the recess. Preferably, two or three grapple jaws are provided, the first end portions of which are connected to the housing and the second end portions thereof remain free for engaging an object. The grapple jaws are pivotable between open and closed positions. An actuator member is slidably positioned in the recess for opening and closing the jaws, and includes a cam portion in operative engagement with the first end portions of the jaws in a manner to pivot the jaws when the actuator member moves axially relative to the housing. The actuator member includes a rotatable member with at least one contact member. A locking member or logic ring includes grooves defining open and closed positions of the jaws and is fixedly mounted to the internal surface of the housing and cooperates with the rotatable member. A plunger member is axially movable in the housing for contacting an object and includes at least one stud member for immovably engaging the contact member.

Technical Evaluation Motor 3 (TEM-3)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garecht, Diane

1989-01-01

A primary objective of the technical evaluation motor program is to recover the case, igniter and nozzle hardware for use on the redesigned solid rocket motor flight program. Two qualification objectives were addressed and met on TEM-3. The Nylok thread locking device of the 1U100269-03 leak check port plug and the 1U52295-04 safe and arm utilizing Krytox grease on the barrier-booster shaft O-rings were both certified. All inspection and instrumentation data indicate that the TEM-3 static test firing conducted 23 May 1989 was successful. The test was conducted at ambient conditions with the exception of the field joints (set point of 121 F, with a minimum of 87 F at the sensors), igniter joint (set point at 122 F with a minimum of 87 F at sensors) and case-to-nozzle joint (set point at 114 F with a minimum of 87 F at sensors). Ballistics performance values were within specification requirements. Nozzle performance was nominal with typical erosion. The nozzle and the case joint temperatures were maintained at the heaters controlling set points while electrical power was supplied. The water and the CO2 quench systems prevented damage to the metal hardware. All other test equipment performed as planned, contributing to a successful motor firing. All indications are that the test was a success, and all expected hardware will be refurbished for the RSRM program.

Mitigation of epidemics in contact networks through optimal contact adaptation *

PubMed Central

Youssef, Mina; Scoglio, Caterina

2013-01-01

This paper presents an optimal control problem formulation to minimize the total number of infection cases during the spread of susceptible-infected-recovered SIR epidemics in contact networks. In the new approach, contact weighted are reduced among nodes and a global minimum contact level is preserved in the network. In addition, the infection cost and the cost associated with the contact reduction are linearly combined in a single objective function. Hence, the optimal control formulation addresses the tradeoff between minimization of total infection cases and minimization of contact weights reduction. Using Pontryagin theorem, the obtained solution is a unique candidate representing the dynamical weighted contact network. To find the near-optimal solution in a decentralized way, we propose two heuristics based on Bang-Bang control function and on a piecewise nonlinear control function, respectively. We perform extensive simulations to evaluate the two heuristics on different networks. Our results show that the piecewise nonlinear control function outperforms the well-known Bang-Bang control function in minimizing both the total number of infection cases and the reduction of contact weights. Finally, our results show awareness of the infection level at which the mitigation strategies are effectively applied to the contact weights. PMID:23906209

Mitigation of epidemics in contact networks through optimal contact adaptation.

PubMed

Youssef, Mina; Scoglio, Caterina

2013-08-01

This paper presents an optimal control problem formulation to minimize the total number of infection cases during the spread of susceptible-infected-recovered SIR epidemics in contact networks. In the new approach, contact weighted are reduced among nodes and a global minimum contact level is preserved in the network. In addition, the infection cost and the cost associated with the contact reduction are linearly combined in a single objective function. Hence, the optimal control formulation addresses the tradeoff between minimization of total infection cases and minimization of contact weights reduction. Using Pontryagin theorem, the obtained solution is a unique candidate representing the dynamical weighted contact network. To find the near-optimal solution in a decentralized way, we propose two heuristics based on Bang-Bang control function and on a piecewise nonlinear control function, respectively. We perform extensive simulations to evaluate the two heuristics on different networks. Our results show that the piecewise nonlinear control function outperforms the well-known Bang-Bang control function in minimizing both the total number of infection cases and the reduction of contact weights. Finally, our results show awareness of the infection level at which the mitigation strategies are effectively applied to the contact weights.

Stuck in a job: being “locked-in” or at risk of becoming locked-in at the workplace and well-being over time

PubMed Central

Stengård, Johanna; Bernhard-Oettel, Claudia; Berntson, Erik; Leineweber, Constanze; Aronsson, Gunnar

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT In this study, being “locked-in” at the workplace is conceptualized as being in a non-preferred workplace while at the same time perceiving low employability. The aim of the study was to investigate how being locked-in or at risk of becoming locked-in (being in a non-preferred workplace yet currently satisfied, combined with perceiving low employability) relates to well-being (subjective health and depressive symptoms). The hypotheses were tested in a Swedish longitudinal sample (T1 in 2010 and T2 in 2012) of permanent employees (N = 3491). The results showed that stability with regard to locked-in-related status (being non-locked-in, at risk of becoming locked-in, or locked-in at both T1 and T2) was related to significant and stable differences in well-being. The non-locked-in status was associated with better well-being than being at risk of becoming locked-in. Moreover, those at risk of becoming locked-in showed better well-being than those with stable locked-in status. Changes towards non-locked-in were accompanied by significant improvements in well-being, and changes towards locked-in were associated with impairments in well-being. The relationships that were found could not be attributed to differences in demographic variables and occupational preference. The findings indicate that being locked-in is detrimental to well-being. This has implications for preventative interventions. PMID:27226678

Phase-lock loop frequency control and the dropout problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Attwood, S.; Kline, A. J.

1968-01-01

Technique automatically sets the frequency of narrow band phase-lock loops within automatic lock-in-range. It presets a phase-lock loop to a desired center frequency with a closed loop electronic frequency discriminator and holds the phase-lock loop to that center frequency until lock is achieved.

Cavity-locked ring down spectroscopy

DOEpatents

Zare, Richard N.; Paldus, Barbara A.; Harb, Charles C.; Spence, Thomas

2000-01-01

Distinct locking and sampling light beams are used in a cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) system to perform multiple ring-down measurements while the laser and ring-down cavity are continuously locked. The sampling and locking light beams have different frequencies, to ensure that the sampling and locking light are decoupled within the cavity. Preferably, the ring-down cavity is ring-shaped, the sampling light is s-polarized, and the locking light is p-polarized. Transmitted sampling light is used for ring-down measurements, while reflected locking light is used for locking in a Pound-Drever scheme.

Thermodynamics of Surface Nanobubbles.

PubMed

Zargarzadeh, Leila; Elliott, Janet A W

2016-11-01

In this paper, we examine the thermodynamic stability of surface nanobubbles. The appropriate free energy is defined for the system of nanobubbles on a solid surface submerged in a supersaturated liquid solution at constant pressure and temperature, under conditions where an individual nanobubble is not in diffusive contact with a gas phase outside of the system or with other nanobubbles on the time scale of the experiment. The conditions under which plots of free energy versus the radius of curvature of the nanobubbles show a global minimum, which denotes the stable equilibrium state, are explored. Our investigation shows that supersaturation and an anomalously high contact angle (measured through the liquid) are required to have stable surface nanobubbles. In addition, the anomalously high contact angle of surface nanobubbles is discussed from the standpoint of a framework recently proposed by Koch, Amirfazli, and Elliott that relates advancing and receding contact angles to thermodynamic equilibrium contact angles, combined with the existence of a gas enrichment layer.

Improvement of Ohmic contacts on Ga 2O 3 through use of ITO-interlayers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carey, Patrick H.; Yang, Jiancheng; Ren, Fan

In this work, the use of ITO interlayers between Ga 2O 3 and Ti/Au metallization is shown to produce Ohmic contacts after annealing in the range of 500–600 °C. Without the ITO, similar anneals do not lead to linear current–voltage characteristics. Transmission line measurements were used to extract the specific contact resistance of the Au/Ti/ITO/Ga 2O 3 stacks as a function of annealing temperature. Sheet, specific contact, and transfer resistances all decreased sharply from as-deposited values with annealing. The minimum transfer resistance and specific contact resistance of 0.60 Ω mm and 6.3 × 10 -5 Ω cm 2 were achievedmore » after 600 °C annealing, respectively. Lastly, the conduction band offset between ITO and Ga 2O 3 is 0.32 eV and is consistent with the improved electron transport across the heterointerface.« less

Characterization of Resistances of a Capacitive Deionization System

DOE PAGES

Qu, Yatian; Baumann, Theodore F.; Santiago, Juan G.; ...

2015-07-27

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising desalination technology, which operates at low pressure, low temperature, requires little infrastructure, and has the potential to consume less energy for brackish water desalination. However, CDI devices consume significantly more energy than the theoretical thermodynamic minimum, and this is at least partly due to resistive power dissipation. We here report our efforts to characterize electric resistances in a CDI system, with a focus on the resistance associated with the contact between current collectors and porous electrodes. We present an equivalent circuit model to describe resistive components in a CDI cell. We propose measurable figuresmore » of merit to characterize cell resistance. We also show that contact pressure between porous electrodes and current collectors can significantly reduce contact resistance. As a result, we propose and test an alternative electrical contact configuration which uses a pore-filling conductive adhesive (silver epoxy) and achieves significant reductions in contact resistance.« less

Minimal color-flavor-locked-nuclear interface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alford, Mark; Rajagopal, Krishna; Reddy, Sanjay; Wilczek, Frank

2001-10-01

At nuclear matter density, electrically neutral strongly interacting matter in weak equilibrium is made of neutrons, protons, and electrons. At sufficiently high density, such matter is made of up, down, and strange quarks in the color-flavor-locked (CFL) phase, with no electrons. As a function of increasing density (or, perhaps, increasing depth in a compact star) other phases may intervene between these two phases, which are guaranteed to be present. The simplest possibility, however, is a single first order phase transition between CFL and nuclear matter. Such a transition, in space, could take place either through a mixed phase region or at a single sharp interface with electron-free CFL and electron-rich nuclear matter in stable contact. Here we construct a model for such an interface. It is characterized by a region of separated charge, similar to an inversion layer at a metal-insulator boundary. On the CFL side, the charged boundary layer is dominated by a condensate of negative kaons. We then consider the energetics of the mixed phase alternative. We find that the mixed phase will occur only if the nuclear-CFL surface tension is significantly smaller than dimensional analysis would indicate.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rajkumar, K.; Rajavel, K.; Cameron, D. C.

This paper reports the electrowetting properties of liquid droplet on superhydrophobic silicon nanowires with Atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} as dielectric layer. Silicon wafer were etched by metal assisted wet chemical etching with silver as catalyst. ALD Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} films of 10nm thickness were conformally deposited over silicon nanowires. Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} dielectric film coated silicon nanowires was chemically modified with Trichloro (1H, 1H, 2H, 2H-perfluorooctyl) silane to make it superhydrophobic(SHP). The contact angle was measured and all the samples exhibited superhydrophobic nature with maximum contact angles of 163° and a minimum contact angle hysteresis of 6°.more » Electrowetting induced a maximum reversible decrease of the contact angle of 20°at 150V in air.« less

The Achievement of Near-Theoretical-Minimum Contact Resistance to InP

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fatemi, Navid S.; Weizer, Victor G.

1993-01-01

We have investigated the electrical and metallurgical behavior of the InP/Au/Ni contact system. We show that when a layer of Au, 100 A or more in thickness, is introduced between n-InP and Ni contact metallization, specific contact resistivity R, values in the low 10(exp -8) Omega cm(exp 2) range are achieved after sintering. It is suggested that these ultralow values of R(sub c) are due to the presence, at the metal-InP interface, of a Ni3P layer combined with a stoichiometry change in the InP surface. We show, in addition, that it is possible to achieve very low R(sub c) values with this system without incurring device destroying sinter-induced metallurgical interdiffusion.

75 FR 72935 - Apricots Grown in Designated Counties in Washington; Temporary Relaxation of the Minimum Grade...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-29

... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Robert J. Curry or Gary D. Olson, Northwest Marketing Field Office, Marketing...: (503) 326-7440, or E-mail: Robert.Curry@ams.usda.gov or [email protected] . Small businesses may...

Angle-stable and compressed angle-stable locking for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary nails. Biomechanical evaluation.

PubMed

Mückley, Thomas; Hoffmeier, Konrad; Klos, Kajetan; Petrovitch, Alexander; von Oldenburg, Geert; Hofmann, Gunther O

2008-03-01

Retrograde intramedullary nailing is an established procedure for tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of angle-stable locking or compressed angle-stable locking on the initial stability of the nails and on the behavior of the constructs under cyclic loading conditions. Tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis was performed in fifteen third-generation synthetic bones and twenty-four fresh-frozen cadaver legs with use of retrograde intramedullary nailing with three different locking modes: a Stryker nail with compressed angle-stable locking, a Stryker nail with angle-stable locking, and a statically locked Biomet nail. Analyses were performed of the initial stability of the specimens (range of motion) and the laxity of the constructs (neutral zone) in dorsiflexion/plantar flexion, varus/valgus, and external rotation/internal rotation. Cyclic testing up to 100,000 cycles was also performed. The range of motion and the neutral zone in dorsiflexion/plantar flexion at specific cycle increments were determined. In both bone models, the intramedullary nails with compressed angle-stable locking and those with angle-stable locking were significantly superior, in terms of a smaller range of motion and neutral zone, to the statically locked nails. The compressed angle-stable nails were superior to the angle-stable nails only in the synthetic bone model, in external/internal rotation. Cyclic testing showed the nails with angle-stable locking and those with compressed angle-stable locking to have greater stability in both models. In the synthetic bone model, compressed angle-stable locking was significantly better than angle-stable locking; in the cadaver bone model, there was no significant difference between these two locking modes. During cyclic testing, five statically locked nails in the cadaver bone model failed, whereas one nail with angle-stable locking and one with compressed angle-stable locking failed. Regardless of the bone model, the nails with angle-stable or compressed angle-stable locking had better initial stability and better stability following cycling than did the nails with static locking.

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, LOCK 35 IS ON THE RIGHT. CANAL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST, LOCK 35 IS ON THE RIGHT. CANAL WORKERS ARE CLEANING TRASH GRATES TO LOCK 35 WATER INLET. ENTRANCE TO OLD LOCK 71 ON LEFT. NOTE THE SEDIMENT BUILD UP IN THE ENTRANCE CHANNEL TO OLD LOCK 71. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

Antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract against Candida albicans.

PubMed

Jainkittivong, Aree; Butsarakamruha, Tassanee; Langlais, Robert P

2009-09-01

The objective of the study was to investigate the antifungal activity of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract on Candida albicans. Juice extract from M. citrifolia fruit was lyophilized and used in antifungal testing. Antifungal activity of M. citrifolia fruit extract against C. albicans was tested in vitro at various concentrations and for different contact times. The inhibitory effect of M. citrifolia extract on C. albicans was determined by cultures and an applied broth dilution test. Using cultures, growth of C. albicans was not detected with 50 mg/mL of extract at 30-minute contact time or with 60 mg/mL of extract at 15-minute contact time. By the broth dilution test, the minimum fungicidal concentration of extract against C. albicans was 40 mg/mL at 90-minute contact time or with 50 mg/mL at 15-minute contact time. M. citrifolia fruit extract had an antifungal effect on C. albicans and the inhibitory effect varied with concentration and contact time.

The 30 GHz communications satellite low noise receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Steffek, L. J.; Smith, D. W.

1983-01-01

A Ka-band low noise front end in proof of concept (POC) model form for ultimate spaceborne communications receiver deployment was developed. The low noise receiver consists of a 27.5 to 30.0 GHz image enhanced mixer integrated with a 3.7 to 6.2 GHz FET low noise IF amplifier and driven by a self contained 23.8 GHz phase locked local oscillator source. The measured level of receiver performance over the 27.3 to 30.0 GHz RF/3.7 to 6.2 GHz IF band includes 5.5 to 6.5 dB (typ) SSB noise figure, 20.5 + or - 1.5 dB conversion gain and +23 dBm minimum third order two tone intermodulation output intercept point.

Domain wall effects on the magnetoresistance in epitaxial nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perason, David; Zambano, Antonio; Lukaszew, R. Alejandra

2004-03-01

It has been postulated that adiabatic magneto-transport in sufficiently small contacts in nano-bridges should exhibit significant magnetoresistance at room temperature.[1] In order to study this phenomenon we have patterned nano-bridges on epitaxial ferromagnetic thin films using e-beam lithography. We have tested (001) and (111) oriented Ni films, as well as (001) and (011) CrO2 films. We have patterned bridges with different geometric orientations with respect to the crystallographic axes in the samples. We will show magnetic force microscopy images of the devices and will compare them with OOMMF simulations of the magnetization dynamics during reversal. The magneto-transport was studied using 4-point probe with AC current and Lock-In techniques. We notice here that the size of the observed effect is inversely proportional to the width of the nano-contact. The typical MR observed was 1-2at room temperature. We will show a comparison of MR effects observed in the various films and geometries described. [1]. P. Bruno, Phys. Rev. Lett. 83, 2425, (1999).

28 CFR 540.41 - Visiting facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Visiting facilities. 540.41 Section 540.41 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT CONTACT... visitors. (a) Institutions of minimum and low security levels may permit visits beyond the security...

Photometric followup investigations on LAMOST survey target Ly And

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Hong-peng; Zhang, Li-yun; Han, Xianming L.; Pi, Qing-feng; Wang, Dai-mei

2017-02-01

We present a low-dispersion spectrum and two sets of CCD photometric light curves of the eclipsing binary LY And for the first time. The spectrum of LY And was classified as G2. We derived an updated ephemeris based on all previously available and our newly acquired minimum light times. Our analyses of LY And light curve minimum times reveals that the differences between calculated and observed minimum times for LY And can be represented by an upward parabolic curve, which means its orbital period is increasing with a rate of 1.88 (± 0.13) × 10-7 days/year. This increase in orbital period may be interpreted as mass transfer from the primary component to the secondary component, with a rate of dM1/dt = -4.54 × 10-8M⊙/year. By analyzing our CCD photometric light curves obtained in 2015, we obtained its photometric solution with the Wilson-Devinney program. This photometric solution also fits very well our light curves obtained in 2014. Our photometric solution shows that LY And is a contact eclipsing binary and its contact factor is f = (17.8 ± 1.9)%. Furthermore, both our spectroscopic and photometric data show no obvious chromospheric activity of LY And.

12. VIEW OF TYPICAL CELL LOCKING MECHANISM, BUILDING 220 CELL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. VIEW OF TYPICAL CELL LOCKING MECHANISM, BUILDING 220 CELL BLOCK 'A'. THE FACE PLATE OF THE CELL LOCK IS SHOWN REMOVED, EXPOSING THE ELECTROMAGNETIC LOCKING MECHANISM COMPRISING OF 2 MICROSWITCHES FOR LOCK POSITION INDICATION (FRONT LEFT CENTER AND REAR RIGHT CENTER OF PANEL); KEY SLOT MECHANICAL LOCK; LOCK SPRING (UPPER RIGHT OF PANEL); ELECTRIC SOLENOID (BOTTOM RIGHT CORNER OF PANEL); AND MISCELLANEOUS MECHANICAL LINKAGES. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Brig, Neville Way near Ninth Street at Marine Barracks, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

West Branch Pennsylvania Canal, Lock No. 34 Lock Keeper's House, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

West Branch Pennsylvania Canal, Lock No. 34 Lock Keeper's House, South of State Route 664 along North bank of West Branch of Susquehanna River, 2,000 feet East of Jay Street Bridge, Lock Haven, Clinton County, PA

Unravelling the Composition Dependent Anomalies of Pair Hydrophobicity in Water-Ethanol Binary Mixtures.

PubMed

Halder, Ritaban; Jana, Biman

2018-06-05

Aqueous binary mixtures have received immense attention in recent years because of their extensive application in several biological and industrial processes. Water-ethanol binary mixture serves as a unique system because it exhibits composition dependent alteration of dynamic and thermodynamic properties. Our present work demonstrates how different compositions of water-ethanol binary mixtures affect the pair hydrophobicity of different hydrophobes. Pair hydrophobicity is measured by the depth of the first minimum (contact minima) of potential of mean force (PMF) profile between two hydrophobes. The pair hydrophobicity is found to be increased with addition of ethanol to water up to mole fraction of 0.10 and decreased with further addition of ethanol. This observation is shown to be true for three different pairs of hydrophobes. Decomposition of PMF into enthalpic and entropic contribution indicates a switch from entropic to enthalpic stabilization of the contact minimum upon addition of ethanol to water. The gain in mixing enthalpy of the binary solvent system upon association of two hydrophobes is found to be the determining factor for the stabilization of contact minimum. Several static/dynamics quantities (average composition fluctuations, diffusion coefficients, fluctuations in total dipole moment, propensity of ethyl-ethyl association, etc) of the ethanol-water binary mixture also show irregularities around xEtOH =0.10-0.15. We have also discovered that the hydrogen bonding pattern of ethanol rather than water reveals a change in trend near the similar composition range. As the anomalous behaviour of the physical/dynamical properties along with the pair hydrophobicity in aqueous binary mixture of amphiphilic solutes is common phenomena, our results may provide a general viewpoint on these aspects.

Screw-locking wrench

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vranish, John M. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A tool comprises a first handle and a second handle, each handle extending from a gripping end portion to a working end portion, the first handle having first screw threads disposed circumferentially about an inner portion of a first through-hole at the working end portion thereof, the second handle having second screw threads disposed circumferentially about an inner portion of a second through-hole at the working end portion thereof, the first and second respective through-holes being disposed concentrically about a common axis of the working end portions. First and second screw locks preferably are disposed concentrically with the first and second respective through-holes, the first screw lock having a plurality of locking/unlocking screw threads for engaging the first screw threads of the first handle, the second screw lock having a plurality of locking/unlocking screw threads for engaging the second screw threads of the second handle. A locking clutch drive, disposed concentrically with the first and second respective through-holes, engages the first screw lock and the second screw lock. The first handle and the second handle are selectively operable at their gripping end portions by a user using a single hand to activate the first and second screw locks to lock the locking clutch drive for either clockwise rotation about the common axis, or counter-clockwise rotation about the common axis, or to release the locking clutch drive so that the handles can be rotated together about the common axis either the clockwise or counter-clockwise direction without rotation of the locking clutch drive.

49 CFR 236.765 - Locking, mechanical.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, mechanical. 236.765 Section 236.765 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, mechanical. An arrangement of locking bars, dogs, tappets, cross locking and other apparatus by...

49 CFR 236.7 - Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock... switch-and-lock movement. Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so... switch is locked. ...

49 CFR 236.7 - Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock... switch-and-lock movement. Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so... switch is locked. ...

49 CFR 236.7 - Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock... switch-and-lock movement. Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so... switch is locked. ...

49 CFR 236.7 - Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock... switch-and-lock movement. Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so... switch is locked. ...

49 CFR 236.7 - Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock... switch-and-lock movement. Circuit controller operated by switch-and-lock movement shall be maintained so... switch is locked. ...

Passive Optical Locking Techniques for Diode Lasers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Quan

1995-01-01

Most current diode-based nonlinear frequency converters utilize electronic frequency locking techniques. However, this type of locking technique typically involves very complex electronics, and suffers the 'power-drop' problem. This dissertation is devoted to the development of an all-optical passive locking technique that locks the diode laser frequency to the external cavity resonance stably without using any kind of electronic servo. The amplitude noise problem associated with the strong optical locking has been studied. Single-mode operation of a passively locked single-stripe diode with an amplitude stability better than 1% has been achieved. This passive optical locking technique applies to broad-area diodes as well as single-stripe diodes, and can be easily used to generate blue light. A schematic of a milliwatt level blue laser based on the single-stripe diode locking technique has been proposed. A 120 mW 467 nm blue laser has been built using the tapered amplifier locking technique. In addition to diode-based blue lasers, this passive locking technique has applications in nonlinear frequency conversions, resonant spectroscopy, particle counter devices, telecommunications, and medical devices.

Interband optical pulse injection locking of quantum dot mode-locked semiconductor laser.

PubMed

Kim, Jimyung; Delfyett, Peter J

2008-07-21

We experimentally demonstrate optical clock recovery from quantum dot mode-locked semiconductor lasers by interband optical pulse injection locking. The passively mode-locked slave laser oscillating on the ground state or the first excited state transition is locked through the injection of optical pulses generated via the opposite transition bands, i.e. the first excited state or the ground state transition from the hybridly mode-locked master laser, respectively. When an optical pulse train generated via the first excited state from the master laser is injected to the slave laser oscillating via ground state, the slave laser shows an asymmetric locking bandwidth around the nominal repetition rate of the slave laser. In the reverse injection case of, i.e. the ground state (master laser) to the first excited state (slave laser), the slave laser does not lock even though both lasers oscillate at the same cavity frequency. In this case, the slave laser only locks to higher injection rates as compared to its own nominal repetition rate, and also shows a large locking bandwidth of 6.7 MHz.

BVRI Photometric Study of the Short Period, Solar Type, Semi-Detached Binary, NSVS 10083189

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samec, Ronald G.; Caton, Daniel B.; Olsen, Amber; Faulkner, Danny R.; Hill, Robert L.

2017-06-01

Precision BVRcIc light curves of NSVS 5066754 were taken on 11 nights in February through April 2015 at Dark Sky Observatory in North Carolina with the 0.81-m reflector of Appalachian State University and on 1 night on the SARA 1-m reflector at Kitt Peak National Observatory in remote mode. It is an ~ F8V eclipsing binary with a period of 0.4542238 (2) d.Seven times of minimum light were calculated, for 5 primary and 2 secondary eclipses from our present observations:HJD I = 2457067.75453±0.0003, 2457088.64907±0.0001, 2457089.55708±0.0001, 2457098.64163±0.0004, 24557113.63117±0.0002HJD II = 2457066.61874±0.0008, 2457067.52329±0.0017.In addition, seven observations at minima were introduced as low weighted times of minimum light taken from archived NSVS Data.The following decreasing quadratic ephemeris was determined from all available times of minimum light in this study covering some 15 years:JD Hel MinI = 2457089.55665±0.00054d + 0.4542179±0. 0000006 X E -0.00000000049±0.00000000005 × E2We note that this result has a strong level of confidence. This again gives evidence that the components are coming into contact possibly due to magnetic braking as indicated by dark spot activity on the binary.We initially modeled the B,V,R,I curves simultaneously with the Wilson-Devinney program in a shallow contact configuration (mode 3) as indicated by our Binary Maker 3 fits. This led to a near but non-contact configuration. Next, the general Mode 2 was used to give clues regarding the configuration. During this investigation, the primary component came into contact while the secondary star remained detached. Next, a solution was determined in a semidetached, mode 4 state (larger component filling its critical lobe and the secondary under filing. This may indicate that NSVS 10083189 is coming into contact for the first time. The mode and the period change corroborate.Our semi-detached, near contact solution, gave a mass ratio of 0.58, with component temperatures of 6250 and 4573 K. A 15° radius cool spot with a t-factor of 0.85 was determined on the primary star. The fill-out of the secondary star was 99%. Further details will be given in our poster paper.

Clinical outcome of narrow-diameter (3.3-mm) locking-taper implants: a prospective study with 1 to 10 years of follow-up.

PubMed

Mangano, Francesco; Shibli, Jamil A; Sammons, Rachel L; Veronesi, Giovanni; Piattelli, Adriano; Mangano, Carlo

2014-01-01

To evaluate the outcome of narrow-diameter (3.3-mm) locking-taper implants used in the rehabilitation of partially and fully edentulous patients over a 10-year period. Between January 2002 and December 2011, all patients referred to a private dental clinic for treatment with narrow-diameter implants were enrolled in this study. At each annual follow-up session, clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed; the outcome measurements were implant failure, peri-implant marginal bone loss (distance between the implant shoulder and the first visible bone-to-implant contact [DIB]), and biologic and technical complications. The cumulative survival rate (CSR) was assessed using the Kaplan-Meier survival estimator; Tarone-Ware and chi-square analyses were used to evaluate correlations between the study variables. The statistical analysis was performed at the patient- and implant-level. A total of 324 narrow-diameter implants were placed in 279 patients (159 men, 120 women; age: 25 to 73 years). Four implants failed, for an overall CSR of 98.5% (patient-based) and 98.7% (implant-based) at the 10-year follow-up. The survival rate did not differ significantly with respect to patients' sex, age, smoking or parafunctional habits, bone type, prosthetic restoration, or implant location, position, or length. Among the surviving implants, a mean DIB of 0.31 ± 0.23 mm, 0.45 ± 0.27 mm, and 0.69 ± 0.28 mm was observed at the 1-, 5-, and 10-year follow-up examinations, respectively. A few biologic (1.2%) and technical complications (7.5%) were reported. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that narrow-diameter locking-taper implants represent a good treatment option for the prosthetic rehabilitation of partially and totally edentulous patients.

Locking plate fixation in distal metaphyseal tibial fractures: series of 79 patients.

PubMed

Gupta, Rakesh K; Rohilla, Rajesh Kumar; Sangwan, Kapil; Singh, Vijendra; Walia, Saurav

2010-12-01

Open reduction and internal fixation in distal tibial fractures jeopardises fracture fragment vascularity and often results in soft tissue complications. Minimally invasive osteosynthesis, if possible, offers the best possible option as it permits adequate fixation in a biological manner. Seventy-nine consecutive adult patients with distal tibial fractures, including one patient with a bilateral fracture of the distal tibia, treated with locking plates, were retrospectively reviewed. The 4.5-mm limited-contact locking compression plate (LC-LCP) was used in 33 fractures, the metaphyseal LCP in 27 fractures and the distal medial tibial LCP in the remaining 20 fractures. Fibula fixation was performed in the majority of comminuted fractures (n = 41) to maintain the second column of the ankle so as to achieve indirect reduction and to prevent collapse of the fracture. There were two cases of delayed wound breakdown in fractures fixed with the 4.5-mm LC-LCP. Five patients required primary bone grafting and three patients required secondary bone grafting. All cases of delayed union (n = 7) and nonunion (n = 3) were observed in cases where plates were used in bridge mode. Minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) with LCP was observed to be a reliable method of stabilisation for these fractures. Peri-operative docking of fracture ends may be a good option in severely impacted fractures with gap. The precontoured distal medial tibial LCP was observed to be a better tolerated implant in comparison to the 4.5-mm LC-LCP or metaphyseal LCP with respect to complications of soft tissues, bone healing and functional outcome, though its contour needs to be modified.

Magnet-Based System for Docking of Miniature Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howard, Nathan; Nguyen, Hai D.

2007-01-01

A prototype system for docking a miniature spacecraft with a larger spacecraft has been developed by engineers at the Johnson Space Center. Engineers working on Mini AERCam, a free-flying robotic camera, needed to find a way to successfully dock and undock their miniature spacecraft to refuel the propulsion and recharge the batteries. The subsystems developed (see figure) include (1) a docking port, designed for the larger spacecraft, which contains an electromagnet, a ball lock mechanism, and a service probe; and (2) a docking cluster, designed for the smaller spacecraft, which contains either a permanent magnet or an electromagnet. A typical docking operation begins with the docking spacecraft maneuvering into position near the docking port on the parent vehicle. The electromagnet( s) are then turned on, and, if necessary, the docking spacecraft is then maneuvered within the capture envelope of the docking port. The capture envelope for this system is approximated by a 5-in. (12.7-cm) cube centered on the front of the docking-port electromagnet and within an angular misalignment of <30 . Thereafter, the magnetic forces draw the smaller spacecraft toward the larger one and this brings the spacecraft into approximate alignment prior to contact. Mechanical alignment guides provide the final rotational alignment into one of 12 positions. Once the docking vehicle has been captured magnetically in the docking port, the ball-lock mechanism is activated, which locks the two spacecraft together. At this point the electromagnet( s) are turned off, and the service probe extended if recharge and refueling are to be performed. Additionally, during undocking, the polarity of one electromagnet can be reversed to provide a gentle push to separate the two spacecraft. This system is currently being incorporated into the design of Mini AERCam vehicle.

Non-self-similar viscous gravity currents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sutherland, Bruce R.; Cote, Kristen; Hong, Youn Sub Dominic; Steverango, Luke; Surma, Chris

2018-03-01

Lock-release experiments are performed focusing upon the evolution of near-pure glycerol flowing into fresh water. If the lock height is sufficiently tall, the current is found to propagate for many lock lengths close to the speed predicted for energy-conserving moderately non-Boussinesq gravity currents. The current then slows to a near stop as the current head ceases to be elevated relative to its tail and the current as a whole forms a wedge shape. By contrast, an experiment of near-pure glycerol advancing under air exhibits the well-known slowing of the current such that the front position increases as a one-fifth power of time. The evolution of a viscous gravity current in water is also qualitatively different from that for a high-Reynolds number gravity current which transitions smoothly from a constant speed to self-similar to viscous regime. The reason a viscous gravity current flowing under water moves initially at near-constant speed is not due to a lubrication layer forming below the current. Rather it is due to the return flow of water into the lock establishing a current with an elevated head that is taller than the viscous boundary layer depth near the current nose. The flow near the top of the head advances to the nose where it comes into contact with the tank bottom. Meanwhile the ambient fluid is pushed up and over the head rather than being drawn underneath it. The front slows rapidly to a near stop as the head height reduces to that comparable to the boundary layer depth underneath the head. The initial speed and entrainment into the current are shown to depend upon the ratio, Rℓ, of the starting current height to the characteristic boundary layer depth. In particular, entrainment via the turbulent shear flow over the head is found to increase the volume by less than 10 % during its evolution if Rℓ≲10 but increases by as much as 100 % for high-Reynolds number gravity currents. A conceptual model is developed that captures the transition from an inertially driven current to its sudden near stop by viscous forces.

Lock-up control system for an automatic transmission

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Higashi, H.; Yashiki, S.; Waki, K.

A lock-up control system is described for an automatic transmission including a torque converter coupled with the output portion on an engine, and a power transmitting gear arrangement coupled with the output portion of the torque converter and controlled to vary the transmitting gear ratio therein by gear ratio control means in accordance with a shifting up or down command supplied to the latter. A lock-up clutch is provided for locking up the output portion of the torque converter to the output portion of the engine. The lock-up control system comprises: lock-up operation control means for controlling the lock-up clutchmore » to be in its operative state and in its inoperative state selectively, and for causing the lock-up clutch to be in the inoperative state thereof when the gear ratio control means performs the control with the shifting up or down command, and lock-up command means for preventing the lock-up operation control means from causing the lock-up clutch to be in the inoperative state thereof until a predetermined reductive variation in the speed of the output portion of the torque converter arises after the shifting up command is supplied to the gear ratio control means under the condition in which the lock-up clutch is in operation to hold a lock-up state.« less

49 CFR 236.339 - Mechanical locking, maintenance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mechanical locking, maintenance requirements. 236... Interlocking Rules and Instructions § 236.339 Mechanical locking, maintenance requirements. Locking and... prevented: (a) Mechanical machine—(1) Latch-operated locking. Raising lever latch block so that bottom...

The significance of oxygen during contact lens wear.

PubMed

Papas, Eric B

2014-12-01

In order to establish the relevance of oxygen to contemporary contact lens practice, a review of the literature was conducted. The results indicate that there are a number of processes occurring in the normal healthy eye where oxygen is required and which are potentially affected by the presence of a contact lens. These activities appear to take place at all corneal levels, as well as at the limbus. Evidence from laboratory, clinical and modelling studies indicates that what constitutes normal oxygenation (normoxia) depends on, among other things, the physiological system under consideration, corneal location and the state of eye closure. This diversity is reflected in the wide range of minimum lens oxygen transmissibility (Dk/t) requirements that are present in a literature. Copyright © 2014 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Application of Face-Gear Drives in Helicopter Transmissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Litvin, F. L.; Wang, J.-C.; Bossler, R. B., Jr.; Chen, Y.-J. D.; Heath, G.; Lewicki, D. G.

1992-01-01

The use of face gears in helicopter transmissions was explored. A light-weight, split torque transmission design utilizing face gears was described. Face-gear design and geometry were investigated. Topics included tooth generation, limiting inner and outer radii, tooth contact analysis, contact ratio, gear eccentricity, and structural stiffness. Design charts were developed to determine minimum and maximum face-gear inner and outer radii. Analytical study of transmission error showed face-gear drives were relatively insensitive to gear misalignment, but tooth contact was affected by misalignment. A method of localizing bearing contact to compensate for misalignment was explored. The proper choice of shaft support stiffness enabled good load sharing in the split torque transmission design. Face-gear experimental studies were also included and the feasibility of face gears in high-speed, high-load applications such as helicopter transmissions was demonstrated.

A fast-locking PLL with all-digital locked-aid circuit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kao, Shao-Ku; Hsieh, Fu-Jen

2013-02-01

In this article, a fast-locking phase-locked loop (PLL) with an all-digital locked-aid circuit is proposed and analysed. The proposed topology is based on two tuning loops: frequency and phase detections. A frequency detection loop is used to accelerate frequency locking time, and a phase detection loop is used to adjust fine phase errors between the reference and feedback clocks. The proposed PLL circuit is designed based on the 0.35 µm CMOS process with a 3.3 V supply voltage. Experimental results show that the locking time of the proposed PLL achieves a 87.5% reduction from that of a PLL without the locked-aid circuit.

Injection-locking of terahertz quantum cascade lasers up to 35GHz using RF amplitude modulation.

PubMed

Gellie, Pierre; Barbieri, Stefano; Lampin, Jean-François; Filloux, Pascal; Manquest, Christophe; Sirtori, Carlo; Sagnes, Isabelle; Khanna, Suraj P; Linfield, Edmund H; Davies, A Giles; Beere, Harvey; Ritchie, David

2010-09-27

We demonstrate that the cavity resonance frequency - the round-trip frequency - of Terahertz quantum cascade lasers can be injection-locked by direct modulation of the bias current using an RF source. Metal-metal and single-plasmon waveguide devices with roundtrip frequencies up to 35GHz have been studied, and show locking ranges above 200MHz. Inside this locking range the laser round-trip frequency is phase-locked, with a phase noise determined by the RF-synthesizer. We find a square-root dependence of the locking range with RF-power in agreement with classical injection-locking theory. These results are discussed in the context of mode-locking operation.

PWR integral tie plate and locking mechanism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Flora, B.S.; Osborne, J.L.

1980-08-26

A locking mechanism for securing an upper tie plate to the tie rods of a nuclear fuel bundle is described. The mechanism includes an upper tie plate assembly and locking sleeves fixed to the ends of the tie rods. The tie plate is part of the upper tie plate assembly and is secured to the fuel bundle by securing the entire upper tie plate assembly to the locking sleeves fixed to the tie rods. The assembly includes, in addition to the tie plate, locking nuts for engaging the locking sleeves, retaining sleeves to operably connect the locking nuts to themore » assembly, a spring biased reaction plate to restrain the locking nuts in the locked position and a means to facilitate the removal of the entire assembly as a unit from the fuel bundle.« less

49 CFR 1562.3 - Operating requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... minimum, must: (1) Identify and provide contact information for the airport's airport security coordinator... and non-operational hours; and (ii) Alert the aircraft owner(s) and operator(s), the airport operator...) U.S. Armed forces, law enforcement, and aeromedical services aircraft. An individual may operate a U...

49 CFR 1562.3 - Operating requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... minimum, must: (1) Identify and provide contact information for the airport's airport security coordinator... and non-operational hours; and (ii) Alert the aircraft owner(s) and operator(s), the airport operator...) U.S. Armed forces, law enforcement, and aeromedical services aircraft. An individual may operate a U...

49 CFR 1562.3 - Operating requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... minimum, must: (1) Identify and provide contact information for the airport's airport security coordinator... and non-operational hours; and (ii) Alert the aircraft owner(s) and operator(s), the airport operator...) U.S. Armed forces, law enforcement, and aeromedical services aircraft. An individual may operate a U...

49 CFR 1562.3 - Operating requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... minimum, must: (1) Identify and provide contact information for the airport's airport security coordinator... and non-operational hours; and (ii) Alert the aircraft owner(s) and operator(s), the airport operator...) U.S. Armed forces, law enforcement, and aeromedical services aircraft. An individual may operate a U...

49 CFR 1562.3 - Operating requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... minimum, must: (1) Identify and provide contact information for the airport's airport security coordinator... and non-operational hours; and (ii) Alert the aircraft owner(s) and operator(s), the airport operator...) U.S. Armed forces, law enforcement, and aeromedical services aircraft. An individual may operate a U...

49 CFR 236.758 - Lock, electric, forced drop.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lock, electric, forced drop. 236.758 Section 236.758 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... § 236.758 Lock, electric, forced drop. An electric lock in which the locking member is mechanically...

49 CFR 236.758 - Lock, electric, forced drop.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lock, electric, forced drop. 236.758 Section 236.758 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... § 236.758 Lock, electric, forced drop. An electric lock in which the locking member is mechanically...

49 CFR 236.758 - Lock, electric, forced drop.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lock, electric, forced drop. 236.758 Section 236.758 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... § 236.758 Lock, electric, forced drop. An electric lock in which the locking member is mechanically...

49 CFR 236.758 - Lock, electric, forced drop.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lock, electric, forced drop. 236.758 Section 236.758 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD... § 236.758 Lock, electric, forced drop. An electric lock in which the locking member is mechanically...

27 CFR 19.282 - Breaking Government locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Breaking Government locks... Breaking Government locks. Where affixed, Government locks shall not be removed without the authorization... obtain authorization from an appropriate TTB officer, Government locks may be removed, by the proprietor...

33 CFR 207.476 - The Inland Route-lock in Crooked River, Alanson, Mich.; use, administration, and navigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... management of the lock, and of the area set aside as the lock area, including the lock approach channels. He..., both to the employees of the Government and to any and every person within the limits of the lock area... object in the lock or approaches except by or under the direction of the lockmaster or his assistants. (c...

33 CFR 207.476 - The Inland Route-lock in Crooked River, Alanson, Mich.; use, administration, and navigation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... management of the lock, and of the area set aside as the lock area, including the lock approach channels. He..., both to the employees of the Government and to any and every person within the limits of the lock area... object in the lock or approaches except by or under the direction of the lockmaster or his assistants. (c...

Low-cost, digital lock-in module with external reference for coating glass transmission/reflection spectrophotometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alonso, R.; Villuendas, F.; Borja, J.; Barragán, L. A.; Salinas, I.

2003-05-01

A versatile, low-cost, digital signal processor (DSP) based lock-in module with external reference is described. This module is used to implement an industrial spectrophotometer for measuring spectral transmission and reflection of automotive and architectonic coating glasses over the ultraviolet, visible and near-infrared wavelength range. The light beams are modulated with an optical chopper. A digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) is used to lock the lock-in to the chop frequency. The lock-in rejects the ambient radiation and permits the spectrophotometer to work in the presence of ambient light. The algorithm that implements the dual lock-in and the DPLL in the DSP56002 evaluation module from Motorola is described. The use of a DSP allows implementation of the lock-in and DPLL by software, which gives flexibility and programmability to the system. Lock-in module cost, under 300 euro, is an important parameter taking into account that two modules are used in the system. Besides, the algorithms implemented in this DSP can be directly implemented in the latest DSP generations. The DPLL performance and the spectrophotometer are characterized. Capture and lock DPLL ranges have been measured and checked to be greater than the chop frequency drifts. The lock-in measured frequency response shows that the lock-in performs as theoretically predicted.

A recurrence network approach to analyzing forced synchronization in hydrodynamic systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murugesan, Meenatchidevi; Zhu, Yuanhang; Li, Larry K. B.

2016-11-01

Hydrodynamically self-excited systems can lock into external forcing, but their lock-in boundaries and the specific bifurcations through which they lock in can be difficult to detect. We propose using recurrence networks to analyze forced synchronization in a hydrodynamic system: a low-density jet. We find that as the jet bifurcates from periodicity (unforced) to quasiperiodicity (weak forcing) and then to lock-in (strong forcing), its recurrence network changes from a regular distribution of links between nodes (unforced) to a disordered topology (weak forcing) and then to a regular distribution again at lock-in (strong forcing). The emergence of order at lock-in can be either smooth or abrupt depending on the specific lock-in route taken. Furthermore, we find that before lock-in, the probability distribution of links in the network is a function of the characteristic scales of the system, which can be quantified with network measures and used to estimate the proximity to the lock-in boundaries. This study shows that recurrence networks can be used (i) to detect lock-in, (ii) to distinguish between different routes to lock-in, and (iii) as an early warning indicator of the proximity of a system to its lock-in boundaries. This work was supported by the Research Grants Council of Hong Kong (Project No. 16235716 and 26202815).

Biomechanical comparison of locked versus non-locked symphyseal plating of unstable pelvic ring injuries.

PubMed

Godinsky, R J; Vrabec, G A; Guseila, L M; Filipkowski, D E; Elias, J J

2018-04-01

Locked symphyseal plates are utilized to provide higher levels of construct stiffness than non-locked plates. The current biomechanical study was performed to compare stiffness at the pubic symphysis between locked and non-locked plating systems. Synthetic models were utilized to represent injury to the pelvis and symphyseal plating combined with a sacro-iliac screw. Seven models were evaluated with plates and locking screws, and seven were evaluated with non-locking screws. Single limb stance was simulated, with all models loaded for 1000 cycles with 350 N applied at the sacrum. Two pairs of markers crossing the symphysis were tracked with a video-based tracking system. A coordinate system was developed to quantify motion between the pairs in three directions: medial-lateral gap, anterior-posterior shear translation, and superior-inferior shear translation. Significant differences between the plating systems were identified with t tests (p < 0.05). Anterior-posterior shear translation varied significantly between the two plating systems. From cycles 100 to 1000, average shear translation for the non-locked and locked systems was ~0.7 and 0.3 mm, respectively, at the markers closest to the plate and 2.2 and 1.4 mm, respectively, at the markers further from the plate. Motion in the other two directions did not differ significantly between locked and non-locked models. Locked symphyseal plating systems can provide better stability than non-locked systems for anterior-posterior shear translation. More stability could potentially reduce the risk of failure of the plate or screws.

Comparison of Tibiofemoral Contact Mechanics After Various Transtibial and All-Inside Fixation Techniques for Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Radial Tears in a Porcine Model.

PubMed

Chung, Kyu Sung; Choi, Choong Hyeok; Bae, Tae Soo; Ha, Jeong Ku; Jun, Dal Jae; Wang, Joon Ho; Kim, Jin Goo

2018-04-01

To compare tibiofemoral contact mechanics after fixation for medial meniscus posterior root radial tears (MMPRTs). Seven fresh knees from mature pigs were used. Each knee was tested under 5 conditions: normal knee, MMPRT, pullout fixation with simple sutures, fixation with modified Mason-Allen sutures, and all-inside fixation using Fastfix 360. The peak contact pressure and contact surface area were evaluated using a capacitive sensor positioned between the meniscus and tibial plateau, under a 1,000-N compression force, at different flexion angles (0°, 30°, 60°, and 90°). The peak contact pressure was significantly higher in MMPRTs than in normal knees (P = .018). Although the peak contact pressure decreased significantly after fixation at all flexion angles (P = .031), it never recovered to the values noted in the normal meniscus. No difference was observed among fixation groups (P = .054). The contact surface area was significantly lower in MMPRTs than in the normal meniscus (P = .018) and increased significantly after fixation at all flexion angles (P = .018) but did not recover to within normal limits. For all flexion angles except 60°, the contact surface area was significantly higher for fixation with Mason-Allen sutures than for fixation with simple sutures or all-inside fixation (P = .027). At 90° of flexion, the contact surface area was significantly better for fixation with simple sutures than for all-inside fixation (P = .031). The peak contact pressure and contact surface area improved significantly after fixation, regardless of the fixation method, but did not recover to the levels noted in the normal meniscus after any type of fixation. Among the fixation methods evaluated in this time 0 study, fixation using modified Mason-Allen sutures provided a superior contact surface area compared with that noted after fixation using simple sutures or all-inside fixation, except at 60° of flexion. However, this study had insufficient power to accurately detect the differences between the outcomes of various fixation methods. Our results in a porcine model suggest that fixation can restore tibiofemoral contact mechanics in MMPRT and that fixation with a locking mechanism leads to superior biomechanical properties. Copyright © 2017 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Wormgear geometry adopted for implementing hydrostatic lubrication and formulation of the lubrication problem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sun, D. C.; Yuan, Qin

1995-01-01

The geometrical parameters for a wormgear intended to be used as the transmission in advanced helicopters are finalized. The resulting contact pattern of the meshing tooth surfaces is suitable for the implementation of hydrostatic lubrication Fluid film lubrication of the contact is formulated considering external pressurization as well as hydrodynamic wedge and squeeze actions. The lubrication analysis is aimed at obtaining the oil supply pressure needed to separate the worm and gear surfaces by a prescribed minimum film thickness. The procedure of solving the mathematical problem is outlined.

Research on phase locked loop in optical memory servo system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Liqin; Ma, Jianshe; Zhang, Jianyong; Pan, Longfa; Deng, Ming

2005-09-01

Phase locked loop (PLL) is a closed loop automatic control system, which can track the phase of input signal. It widely applies in each area of electronic technology. This paper research the phase locked loop in optical memory servo area. This paper introduces the configuration of digital phase locked loop (PLL) and phase locked servo system, the control theory, and analyses system's stability. It constructs the phase locked loop experiment system of optical disk spindle servo, which based on special chip. DC motor is main object, this system adopted phase locked servo technique and digital signal processor (DSP) to achieve constant linear velocity (CLV) in controlling optical spindle motor. This paper analyses the factors that affect the stability of phase locked loop in spindle servo system, and discusses the affection to the optical disk readout signal and jitter due to the stability of phase locked loop.

Robust tilt and lock mechanism for hopping actuator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Salton, Jonathan R.; Buerger, Stephen; Dullea, Kevin J.

A tilt and lock apparatus that includes a tilt servomechanism, a spiral torsion spring, a lock wheel, and a lock hook is described herein. The spiral torsion spring is mechanically coupled to the tilt servomechanism and the lock wheel (which includes an opening). When a shaft is positioned through the opening, rotation of the lock wheel is in unison with rotation of the shaft. An external surface of the lock wheel includes one or more grooves. The lock hook includes a head that engages and disengages the grooves. The lock wheel is stationary when the head engages one of themore » grooves and is rotatable when the head disengages the grooves. The head and the grooves are geometrically aligned when engaged to prevent creation of a force that acts to disengage the head responsive to an applied force acting on the shaft.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fox, Kevin

The software provides a simple web api to allow users to request a time window where a file will not be removed from cache. HPSS provides the concept of a "purge lock". When a purge lock is set on a file, the file will not be removed from disk, entering tape only state. A lot of network file protocols assume a file is on disk so it is good to purge lock a file before transferring using one of those protocols. HPSS's purge lock system is very coarse grained though. A file is either purge locked or not. Nothing enforcesmore » quotas, timely unlocking of purge locks, or managing the races inherent with multiple users wanting to lock/unlock the same file. The Purge Lock Server lets you, through a simple REST API, specify a list of files to purge lock and an expire time, and the system will ensure things happen properly.« less

76 FR 3075 - Notice of Decision to Allow Interstate Movement of Guavas From Hawaii Into the Continental United...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-19

... CONTACT: Mr. David Lamb, Import Specialist, PPQ, APHIS, 4700 River Road Unit 133, Riverdale, MD 20737-1236... part 305 with a minimum absorbed dose of 400 Gy. The guavas must be inspected by an inspector in Hawaii...

25 CFR 63.15 - What questions should an employer ask?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... employee has been arrested or convicted of a crime involving a child, violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons; (b) Ask the... FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63.15 What...

25 CFR 63.15 - What questions should an employer ask?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., volunteer, or employee has been arrested or convicted of a crime involving a child, violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons; (b... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

25 CFR 63.15 - What questions should an employer ask?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., volunteer, or employee has been arrested or convicted of a crime involving a child, violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons; (b... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

25 CFR 63.15 - What questions should an employer ask?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., volunteer, or employee has been arrested or convicted of a crime involving a child, violence, sexual assault, sexual molestation, sexual exploitation, sexual contact or prostitution, or crimes against persons; (b... PROTECTION AND FAMILY VIOLENCE PREVENTION Minimum Standards of Character and Suitability for Employment § 63...

Biomechanical strength of the Peri-Loc proximal tibial plate: a comparison of all-locked versus hybrid locked/nonlocked screw configurations.

PubMed

Estes, Chris; Rhee, Peter; Shrader, M Wade; Csavina, Kristine; Jacofsky, Marc C; Jacofsky, David J

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical properties of a contoured locking plate instrumented with either an all-locked or hybrid locked/nonlocked screw construct in a proximal metaphyseal fracture of the tibia (AO 41-A3.2). A standardized proximal metaphyseal wedge osteotomy (AO 41-A3.2) was created in five pairs of cadaveric tibia. Each pair was randomly instrumented with either an all-locked or combination locked/nonlocked screw construct using a locked contoured periarticular plate (Peri-Loc periarticular locked plating system, Smith & Nephew, Memphis, TN). Vertical subsidence (irreversible deformation) and deflection (reversible deformation) in each pair were analyzed and compared. Load to failure, defined by complete fracture gap closure, was also determined. There was no statistically significant difference in vertical subsidence (P = 0.19) or deflection (P = 0.19) of the proximal tibia between the all-locked and combination locked/nonlocked screw construct with increasing levels of cyclical axial load from 200 to 1200 N. Failure occurred at a mean value of 2160 N in the locked group and 1760 N in the hybrid group (P = 0.19); the failure mode was plate bending in all specimens. The results indicate that the use of compression screws with locked screws in this particular construct allows a similar amount of irreversible and reversible deformation in response to an axial load when compared to an all-locked screw construct. This suggests that there is no statistically significant difference in the stability in fixation between the two methods, allowing the surgeon the freedom to choose the appropriate screw combination unique to each fracture.

Locking design affects the jamming of screws in locking plates.

PubMed

Sandriesser, Sabrina; Rupp, Markus; Greinwald, Markus; Heiss, Christian; Augat, Peter; Alt, Volker

2018-06-01

The seizing of locking screws is a frequently encountered clinical problem during implant removal of locking compression plates (LCP) after completion of fracture healing. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of two different locking mechanisms on the seizing of locking screws. Specifically, the removal torques before and after cyclic dynamic loading were assessed for screws inserted at the manufacturer-recommended torque or at an increased insertion torque. The seizing of 3.5-mm angular stable screws was assessed as a function of insertion torque for two different locking mechanisms (Thread & Conus and Thread Only). Locking screws (n=10 for each configuration) were inserted either according to the manufacturer-recommended torque or at an increased torque of 150% to simulate an over-insertion of the screw. Half of the screws were removed directly after insertion and the remaining half was removed after a dynamic load protocol of 100,000 cycles. The removal torques of locking screws exceeded the insertion torques for all tested conditions confirming the adequacy of the test setup in mimicking screw seizing in locked plating. Screw seizing was more pronounced for Thread Only design (+37%) compared to Thread & Conus design (+14%; P<0.0001). Cyclic loading of the locking construct consistently resulted in an increased seizing of the locking screws (P<0.0001). Clinical observations from patients treated with the Thread & Conus locking design confirm the biomechanical findings of reduction in seizing effect by using a Thread & Conus design. In conclusion, both over-tightening and cyclic loading are potential causes for screw seizing in locking plate implants. Both effects were found to be less pronounced in the Thread & Conus design as compared to the traditional Thread Only design. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cross-correlation limit of a SQUID-based noise thermometer of the pMFFT type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirste, A.; Engert, J.

2018-03-01

The primary magnetic field fluctuation thermometer (pMFFT) is a SQUID-based noise thermometer for temperatures below 1 K, which complies with metrological requirements. It combines two signal channels in order to apply the cross-correlation technique, but it requires statistically independent noise signals for proper operation. In order to check the limit of the cross-correlation readout, we have performed zero measurements in the millikelvin range in a setup that is identical to the pMFFT, except for the removed temperature sensor. We examined the influence of different parameters such as SQUID working point or flux-lock loop parameters on the minimum cross-correlation signal down to 24 mK and below 100 kHz. Depending on the configuration, typical minimum SQUID-referred cross-power spectral densities of 1.5 × 10‑15 Φ _0^2/Hz or even smaller values were observed. For the pMFFT, considering its thermal noise spectrum, these flux densities correspond to a device noise temperature of ≤2.5 µK, thereby ensuring a negligible uncertainty contribution at the lower end of the PLTS-2000 (0.9 mK).

Pressure-Dependent Detection of Carbon Monoxide Employing Wavelength Modulation Spectroscopy Using a Herriott-Type Cell.

PubMed

Li, Chuanliang; Wu, Yingfa; Qiu, Xuanbing; Wei, Jilin; Deng, Lunhua

2017-05-01

Wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) combined with a multipass absorption cell has been used to measure a weak absorption line of carbon monoxide (CO) at 1.578 µm. A 0.95m Herriott-type cell provides an effective absorption path length of 55.1 m. The WMS signals from the first and second harmonic output of a lock-in amplifier (WMS-1 f and 2 f, respectively) agree with the Beer-Lambert law, especially at low concentrations. After boxcar averaging, the minimum detection limit achieved is 4.3 ppm for a measurement time of 0.125 s. The corresponding normalized detection limit is 84 ppm m Hz -1/2 . If the integrated time is increased to 88 s, the minimum detectable limit of CO can reach to 0.29 ppm based on an Allan variation analysis. The pressure-dependent relationship is validated after accounting for the pressure factor in data processing. Finally, a linear correlation between the WMS-2 f amplitudes and gas concentrations is obtained at concentration ratios less than 15.5%, and the accuracy is better than 92% at total pressure less than 62.7 Torr.

Efficient optical injection locking of electronic oscillators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cochran, S. R.; Wang, S. Y.

1989-05-01

The paper presents techniques for direct optical injection locking of electronic oscillators and analyzes the problem of direct optical injection locking of a common-source FET oscillator using a high impedance optoelectronic transducer. A figure-of-merit for optically injection locked oscillators is defined, and an experimental oscillator based on the design criteria was fabricated. The oscillator achieved efficient, high power operation and moderate locking bandwidth with small locking signal magnitude. The experimental results are consistent with the theoretical model.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yee, Seonghwan, E-mail: Seonghwan.Yee@Beaumont.edu; Gao, Jia-Hong

Purpose: To investigate whether the direction of spin-lock field, either parallel or antiparallel to the rotating magnetization, has any effect on the spin-lock MRI signal and further on the quantitative measurement of T1ρ, in a clinical 3 T MRI system. Methods: The effects of inverted spin-lock field direction were investigated by acquiring a series of spin-lock MRI signals for an American College of Radiology MRI phantom, while the spin-lock field direction was switched between the parallel and antiparallel directions. The acquisition was performed for different spin-locking methods (i.e., for the single- and dual-field spin-locking methods) and for different levels ofmore » clinically feasible spin-lock field strength, ranging from 100 to 500 Hz, while the spin-lock duration was varied in the range from 0 to 100 ms. Results: When the spin-lock field was inverted into the antiparallel direction, the rate of MRI signal decay was altered and the T1ρ value, when compared to the value for the parallel field, was clearly different. Different degrees of such direction-dependency were observed for different spin-lock field strengths. In addition, the dependency was much smaller when the parallel and the antiparallel fields are mixed together in the dual-field method. Conclusions: The spin-lock field direction could impact the MRI signal and further the T1ρ measurement in a clinical MRI system.« less

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST INTO LOCK 71. NOTE THE SEDIMENT BUILD ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

VIEW LOOKING NORTHEAST INTO LOCK 71. NOTE THE SEDIMENT BUILD UP. THIS IS BY DESIGN, NOT ONLY ARE THE OLDER LOCKS USED AS AN OVERFLOW SPILLWAY FOR THE CURRENT LOCKS, THEY ARE ALSO USED FOR SEDIMENT AND DEBRIS CONTROL. - New York State Barge Canal, Lockport Locks, Richmond Avenue, Lockport, Niagara County, NY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McKenzie, Kirk; Spero, Robert E.; Shaddock, Daniel A.

For the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to reach its design sensitivity, the coupling of the free-running laser frequency noise to the signal readout must be reduced by more than 14 orders of magnitude. One technique employed to reduce the laser frequency noise will be arm locking, where the laser frequency is locked to the LISA arm length. In this paper we detail an implementation of arm locking. We investigate orbital effects (changing arm lengths and Doppler frequencies), the impact of errors in the Doppler knowledge that can cause pulling of the laser frequency, and the noise limit of armmore » locking. Laser frequency pulling is examined in two regimes: at lock acquisition and in steady state. The noise performance of arm locking is calculated with the inclusion of the dominant expected noise sources: ultrastable oscillator (clock) noise, spacecraft motion, and shot noise. We find that clock noise and spacecraft motion limit the performance of dual arm locking in the LISA science band. Studying these issues reveals that although dual arm locking [A. Sutton and D. A. Shaddock, Phys. Rev. D 78, 082001 (2008)] has advantages over single (or common) arm locking in terms of allowing high gain, it has disadvantages in both laser frequency pulling and noise performance. We address this by proposing a modification to the dual arm-locking sensor, a hybrid of common and dual arm-locking sensors. This modified dual arm-locking sensor has the laser frequency pulling characteristics and low-frequency noise coupling of common arm locking, but retains the control system advantages of dual arm locking. We present a detailed design of an arm-locking controller and perform an analysis of the expected performance when used with and without laser prestabilization. We observe that the sensor phase changes beneficially near unity-gain frequencies of the arm-locking controller, allowing a factor of 10 more gain than previously believed, without degrading stability. With a time-delay error of 3 ns (equivalent of 1 m interspacecraft ranging error), time-delay interferometry (TDI) is capable of suppressing 300 Hz/{radical}(Hz) of laser frequency noise to the required level. We show that if no interspacecraft laser links fail, arm locking alone surpasses this noise performance for the entire mission. If one interspacecraft laser link fails, arm locking alone will achieve this performance for all but approximately 1 h per year, when the arm length mismatch of the two remaining arms passes through zero. Therefore, the LISA sensitivity can be realized with arm locking and time-delay interferometry only, without any form of prestabilization.« less

A compact ADPLL based on symmetrical binary frequency searching with the same circuit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Hangbiao; Zhang, Bo; Luo, Ping; Liao, Pengfei; Liu, Junjie; Li, Zhaoji

2015-03-01

A compact all-digital phase-locked loop (C-ADPLL) based on symmetrical binary frequency searching (BFS) with the same circuit is presented in this paper. The minimising relative frequency variation error Δη (MFE) rule is derived as guidance of design and is used to weigh the accuracy of the digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) clock frequency. The symmetrical BFS is used in the coarse-tuning process and the fine-tuning process of DCO clock frequency to achieve the minimum Δη of the locked DCO clock, which simplifies the circuit architecture and saves the die area. The C-ADPLL is implemented in a 0.13 μm one-poly-eight-metal (1P8M) CMOS process and the on-chip area is only 0.043 mm2, which is much smaller. The measurement results show that the peak-to-peak (Pk-Pk) jitter and the root-mean-square jitter of the DCO clock frequency are 270 ps at 72.3 MHz and 42 ps at 79.4 MHz, respectively, while the power consumption of the proposed ADPLL is only 2.7 mW (at 115.8 MHz) with a 1.2 V power supply. The measured Δη is not more than 1.14%. Compared with other ADPLLs, the proposed C-ADPLL has simpler architecture, smaller size and lower Pk-Pk jitter.

An Adaptive INS-Aided PLL Tracking Method for GNSS Receivers in Harsh Environments.

PubMed

Cong, Li; Li, Xin; Jin, Tian; Yue, Song; Xue, Rui

2016-01-23

As the weak link in global navigation satellite system (GNSS) signal processing, the phase-locked loop (PLL) is easily influenced with frequent cycle slips and loss of lock as a result of higher vehicle dynamics and lower signal-to-noise ratios. With inertial navigation system (INS) aid, PLLs' tracking performance can be improved. However, for harsh environments with high dynamics and signal attenuation, the traditional INS-aided PLL with fixed loop parameters has some limitations to improve the tracking adaptability. In this paper, an adaptive INS-aided PLL capable of adjusting its noise bandwidth and coherent integration time has been proposed. Through theoretical analysis, the relation between INS-aided PLL phase tracking error and carrier to noise density ratio (C/N₀), vehicle dynamics, aiding information update time, noise bandwidth, and coherent integration time has been built. The relation formulae are used to choose the optimal integration time and bandwidth for a given application under the minimum tracking error criterion. Software and hardware simulation results verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis, and demonstrate that the adaptive tracking method can effectively improve the PLL tracking ability and integrated GNSS/INS navigation performance. For harsh environments, the tracking sensitivity is increased by 3 to 5 dB, velocity errors are decreased by 36% to 50% and position errors are decreased by 6% to 24% when compared with other INS-aided PLL methods.

Cumulative hip contact stress predicts osteoarthritis in DDH.

PubMed

Mavcic, Blaz; Iglic, Ales; Kralj-Iglic, Veronika; Brand, Richard A; Vengust, Rok

2008-04-01

Hip stresses are generally believed to influence whether a hip develops osteoarthritis (OA); similarly, various osteotomies have been proposed to reduce contact stresses and the risk of OA. We asked whether elevated hip contact stress predicted osteoarthritis in initially asymptomatic human hips. We identified 58 nonoperatively treated nonsubluxated hips with developmental dysplasia (DDH) without symptoms at skeletal maturity; the control group included 48 adult hips without hip disease. The minimum followup was 20 years (mean, 29 years; range, 20-41 years). Peak contact stress was computed with the HIPSTRESS method using anteroposterior pelvic radiographs at skeletal maturity. The cumulative contact stress was determined by multiplying the peak contact stress by age at followup. We compared WOMAC scores and radiographic indices of OA. Dysplastic hips had higher mean peak contact and higher mean cumulative contact stress than normal hips. Mean WOMAC scores and percentage of asymptomatic hips in the study group (mean age 51 years) were similar to those in the control group (mean age 68 years). After adjusting for gender and age, the cumulative contact stress, Wiberg center-edge angle, body mass index, but not the peak contact stress, independently predicted the final WOMAC score in dysplastic hips but not in normal hips. Cumulative contact stress predicted early hip OA better than the Wiberg center-edge angle. Level II, prognostic study. See the Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

A Digital Phase Lock Loop for an External Cavity Diode Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xiao-Long; Tao, Tian-Jiong; Cheng, Bing; Wu, Bin; Xu, Yun-Fei; Wang, Zhao-Ying; Lin, Qiang

2011-08-01

A digital optical phase lock loop (OPLL) is implemented to synchronize the frequency and phase between two external cavity diode lasers (ECDL), generating Raman pulses for atom interferometry. The setup involves all-digital phase detection and a programmable digital proportional-integral-derivative (PID) loop in locking. The lock generates a narrow beat-note linewidth below 1 Hz and low phase-noise of 0.03rad2 between the master and slave ECDLs. The lock proves to be stable and robust, and all the locking parameters can be set and optimized on a computer interface with convenience, making the lock adaptable to various setups of laser systems.

Nuclear reactor fuel rod attachment system

DOEpatents

Not Available

1980-09-17

A reusable system is described for removably attaching a nuclear reactor fuel rod to a support member. A locking cap is secured to the fuel rod and a locking strip is fastened to the support member. The locking cap has two opposing fingers shaped to form a socket having a body portion. The locking strip has an extension shaped to rigidly attach to the socket's body portion. The locking cap's fingers are resiliently deflectable. For attachment, the locking cap is longitudinally pushed onto the locking strip causing the extension to temporarily deflect open the fingers to engage the socket's body portion. For removal, the process is reversed.

Computer-aided design of high-contact-ratio gears for minimum dynamic load and stress

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Hsiang Hsi; Lee, Chinwai; Oswald, Fred B.; Townsend, Dennis P.

1990-01-01

A computer aided design procedure is presented for minimizing dynamic effects on high contact ratio gears by modification of the tooth profile. Both linear and parabolic tooth profile modifications of high contact ratio gears under various loading conditions are examined and compared. The effects of the total amount of modification and the length of the modification zone were systematically studied at various loads and speeds to find the optimum profile design for minimizing the dynamic load and the tooth bending stress. Parabolic profile modification is preferred over linear profile modification for high contact ratio gears because of its lower sensitivity to manufacturing errors. For parabolic modification, a greater amount of modification at the tooth tip and a longer modification zone are required. Design charts are presented for high contact ratio gears with various profile modifications operating under a range of loads. A procedure is illustrated for using the charts to find the optimum profile design.

Microstructural analysis of Ti/Al/Ti/Au ohmic contacts to n-AlGaN/GaN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, J.; Ivey, D. G.; Bardwell, J.; Liu, Y.; Tang, H.; Webb, J. B.

2002-05-01

To develop high quality AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field effect transistors for use in high power, high frequency, and high temperature applications, low resistance, thermal stable ohmic contacts with good surface morphology are essential. Low specific contact resistances have been achieved using an Au/Ti/Al/Ti contact: a minimum value of 6.33×10-6 Ω cm2 was attained after annealing at 700 °C for 30 s. Microstructural analysis using transmission electron microscopy indicated that there is significant interaction between the metallization components and the semiconductor during annealing. The optimum electrical properties correspond to a microstructure that consists of Au2Ti and TiAl layers as well as of a thin Ti-rich layer (~10 nm thick) at the metallization/AlGaN interface. Degradation of the contact occurred for annealing temperatures in excess of 750 °C, and was accompanied by decomposition of the AlGaN layer and formation of a Au-Ti-Al-Ga quaternary phase.

Kinematic comparison of the preferred and non-preferred foot punt kick.

PubMed

Ball, Kevin A

2011-11-01

Kicking with the non-preferred leg is important in Australian Football and becoming important in the rugby codes. The aim of this study was to examine differences between preferred and non-preferred leg kicking in the drop punt kick. Seventeen elite Australian Football players performed kicks with the preferred and non-preferred leg. Optotrak Certus collected kinematic data of the kick leg and pelvis (200 Hz) from kick leg toe-off until ball contact. Foot speed, knee and shank angular velocity at ball contact, and pelvis range of motion were significantly larger for the preferred leg (P < 0.05). In contrast, hip and thigh angular velocity at ball contact and hip range of motion were significantly larger for the non-preferred leg. This indicates different movement patterns, with preferred-leg kicks making greater use of the pelvis, knee, and shank while non-preferred leg kicks rely relatively more on the hip and thigh (P < 0.05). Reasons for this difference might be due to locking degrees of freedom or sub-optimal sequencing in the non-preferred leg. The thigh-knee continuum identified by Ball ( 2008 ) was also evident in this study. Findings have implications for training non-preferred leg kicking for performance and injury prevention.

Spacecraft capture and docking system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kong, Kinyuen (Inventor); Rafeek, Shaheed (Inventor); Myrick, Thomas (Inventor)

2001-01-01

A system for capturing and docking an active craft to a passive craft has a first docking assembly on the active craft with a first contact member and a spike projecting outwardly, a second docking assembly on the passive craft having a second contact member and a flexible net deployed over a target area with an open mesh for capturing the end of the spike of the active craft, and a motorized net drive for reeling in the net and active craft to mate with the passive craft's docking assembly. The spike has extendable tabs to allow it to become engaged with the net. The net's center is coupled to a net spool for reeling in. An alignment funnel has inclined walls to guide the net and captured spike towards the net spool. The passive craft's docking assembly includes circumferentially spaced preload wedges which are driven to lock the wedges against the contact member of the active craft. The active craft's docking assembly includes a rotary table and drive for rotating it to a predetermined angular alignment position, and mating connectors are then engaged with each other. The system may be used for docking spacecraft in zero or low-gravity environments, as well as for docking underwater vehicles, docking of ancillary craft to a mother craft in subsonic flight, in-flight refueling systems, etc.

Growth and analysis of gallium arsenide-gallium antimonide single and two-phase nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schamp, Crispin T.

When evaluating the path of phase transformations in systems with nanoscopic dimensions one often relies on bulk phase diagrams for guidance because of the lack of phase diagrams that show the effect of particle size. The GaAs-GaSb pseudo-binary alloy is chosen for study to gain insight into the size dependence of solid-solubility in a two-phase system. To this end, a study is performed using independent laser ablation of high purity targets of GaAs and GaSb. The resultant samples are analyzed by transmission electron microscopy. Experimental results indicate that GaAs-GaSb nanoparticles have been formed with compositions that lie within the miscibility gap of bulk GaAs-GaSb. An unusual nanoparticle morpohology resembling the appearance of ice cream cones has been observed in single component experiments. These particles are composed of a spherical cap of Ga in contact with a crystalline cone of either GaAs or GaSb. The cones take the projected 2-D shape of a triangle or a faceted gem. The liquid Ga is found to consistently be of spherical shape and wets to the widest corners of the cone, suggesting an energy minimum exists at that wetting condition. To explore this observation a liquid sphere is modeled as being penetrated by a solid gem. The surface energies of the solid and liquid, and interfacial energy are summed as a function of penetration depth, with the sum showing a cusped minimum at the penetration depth corresponding to the waist of the gem. The angle of contact of the liquid wetting the cone is also calculated, and Young's contact angle is found to occur when the derivative of the total energy with respect to penetration depth is zero, which can be a maximum or a minimum depending on the geometrical details. The spill-over of the meniscus across the gem corners is found to be energetically favorable when the contact angle achieves the value of the equilibrium angle; otherwise the meniscus is pinned at the corners.

Response of jammed packings to thermal fluctuations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Qikai; Bertrand, Thibault; Shattuck, Mark D.; O'Hern, Corey S.

2017-12-01

We focus on the response of mechanically stable (MS) packings of frictionless, bidisperse disks to thermal fluctuations, with the aim of quantifying how nonlinearities affect system properties at finite temperature. In contrast, numerous prior studies characterized the structural and mechanical properties of MS packings of frictionless spherical particles at zero temperature. Packings of disks with purely repulsive contact interactions possess two main types of nonlinearities, one from the form of the interaction potential (e.g., either linear or Hertzian spring interactions) and one from the breaking (or forming) of interparticle contacts. To identify the temperature regime at which the contact-breaking nonlinearities begin to contribute, we first calculated the minimum temperatures Tc b required to break a single contact in the MS packing for both single- and multiple-eigenmode perturbations of the T =0 MS packing. We find that the temperature required to break a single contact for equal velocity-amplitude perturbations involving all eigenmodes approaches the minimum value obtained for a perturbation in the direction connecting disk pairs with the smallest overlap. We then studied deviations in the constant volume specific heat C¯V and deviations of the average disk positions Δ r from their T =0 values in the temperature regime TC ¯V100 for linear spring interactions is independent of system size. This result emphasizes that contact-breaking nonlinearities are dominant over form nonlinearities in the low-temperature range Tc b

Treatment of unstable distal radius fractures: non-invasive dynamic external fixator versus volar locking plate – functional and radiological outcome in a prospective case-controlled series

PubMed Central

Bajwa, Ali S.; Rammappa, Manju; Lee, Ling; Nanda, Rajesh

2015-01-01

Introduction: Distal radius fracture (DRF) is a common injury and various treatment modalities including open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with volar locking plate are available. More recently, a non-invasive external fixator has been used. Aims: To prospectively compare the use of a non-invasive external fixator with early dynamisation for DRF against ORIF with volar locking plate control group. Methods: Consecutive patients with closed DRF were included in a prospective case-controlled study. Patients were assigned to non-invasive external fixator or ORIF. Minimum follow-up was two years. Follow-up was at weeks 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 26 and at one and two-year post-operatively. The outcome measures included demographic details, injury mechanism, AO fracture type, risk factors, body mass index (BMI), ulnar styloid fracture and dorsal comminution, radiographs, grip strength and DASH score. Results: Consecutive 50 patients were treated either with non-invasive external fixator (25/50) or with ORIF (25/50) and the mean age of the two groups was 53 years (SD 17.1) and 49 years (SD 19.5), respectively. Demographics were matched in two groups. In the non-invasive external fixator group, there were 10 AO Type-A, 5 Type-B and 10 Type-C fractures. The ORIF group included 8 Type-A, 6 Type-B and 11 Type-C fractures. The mean DASH score at three-months and one-year post-injury in non-invasive fixator group was 12.2 (SD 3.1) and 3.5 (SD 0.7), respectively, significantly greater than those of ORIF group 14.5 (SD 5.6) and 11.2 (SD 4.4), respectively (p < 0.05). Conclusion: DRF treated with non-invasive external fixator can give functional results superior to ORIF at three-months and the trend is maintained at one and two-year post-operatively. PMID:27163089

[Ultrastructural changes of human dental hard tissues during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances].

PubMed

Antonova, I N; Goncharov, V D; Bobrova, E A

The aim of the study was to evaluate ultrastructural changes of dental enamel after fixation of orthodontic appliances, initial influence of orthodontic forces and removal of braces. Five intact permanent tooth extracted for orthodontic reasons were included in the experimental study. Scanning probe microscopy was conducted in 4 random enamel points in each tooth (20 points overall) in semi-contact mode with standard 10 nm probes. The study showed ultrastructural enamel changes such as nanofractures up to 1 mm along the braces locks. The changes correlated with surface morphological features and teeth anatomy and may play an important role in dental decay and non-carious lesions occurring in the course of orthodontic treatment.

Crash and rebound of indigenous populations in lowland South America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamilton, Marcus J.; Walker, Robert S.; Kesler, Dylan C.

2014-04-01

Lowland South America has long been a battle-ground between European colonization and indigenous survival. Initial waves of European colonization brought disease epidemics, slavery, and violence that had catastrophic impacts on indigenous cultures. In this paper we focus on the demography of 238 surviving populations in Brazil. We use longitudinal censuses from all known indigenous Brazilian societies to quantify three demographic metrics: 1) effects of European contact on indigenous populations; 2) empirical estimates of minimum viable population sizes; and 3) estimates of post-contact population growth rates. We use this information to conduct population viability analysis (PVA). Our results show that all surviving populations suffered extensive mortality during, and shortly after, contact. However, most surviving populations exhibit positive growth rates within the first decade post-contact. Our findings paint a positive demographic outlook for these indigenous populations, though long-term survival remains subject to powerful externalities, including politics, economics, and the pervasive illegal exploitation of indigenous lands.

Phase noise characterization of a QD-based diode laser frequency comb.

PubMed

Vedala, Govind; Al-Qadi, Mustafa; O'Sullivan, Maurice; Cartledge, John; Hui, Rongqing

2017-07-10

We measure, simultaneously, the phases of a large set of comb lines from a passively mode locked, InAs/InP, quantum dot laser frequency comb (QDLFC) by comparing the lines to a stable comb reference using multi-heterodyne coherent detection. Simultaneity permits the separation of differential and common mode phase noise and a straightforward determination of the wavelength corresponding to the minimum width of the comb line. We find that the common mode and differential phases are uncorrelated, and measure for the first time for a QDLFC that the intrinsic differential-mode phase (IDMP) between adjacent subcarriers is substantially the same for all subcarrier pairs. The latter observation supports an interpretation of 4.4ps as the standard deviation of IDMP on a 200µs time interval for this laser.

Primary reaction control system/remote manipulator system interaction with loaded arm. Space shuttle engineering and operations support

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, E. C.; Davis, J. D.

1978-01-01

A study of the interaction between the orbiter primary reaction control system (PRCS) and the remote manipulator system (RMS) with a loaded arm is documented. This analysis was performed with the Payload Deployment and Retrieval Systems Simulation (PDRSS) program with the passive arm bending option. The passive-arm model simulates the arm as massless elastic links with locked joints. The study was divided into two parts. The first part was the evaluation of the response of the arm to step inputs (i.e. constant jet torques) about each of the orbiter body axes. The second part of the study was the evaluation of the response of the arm to minimum impulse primary RCS jet firings with both single pulse and pulse train inputs.

Deformation due to the distension of cylindrical igneous contacts: A kinematic model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morgan, John

1980-06-01

A simple kinematic model is described that predicts the state of overall wall-rock strain resulting from the distension of igneous contacts. It applies to the axially symmetric expansion of any pluton whose overall shape is a cylinder with circular cross section i.e. to late magmatic plutons which are circular or annular in cross section. The model is not capable of predicting the strain distribution in the zone of contact strain, but does predict components of overall strain whose magnitudes are calculated from the change in shape of the zone of contact strain. These strain components are: (1) overall radial shortening of the wall rocks overlineer; (2) overall vertical extension overlineev; and (3) overall horizontal extension parallel to the contact overlineeh (the axis of symmetry is arbitrarily oriented vertically). In addition, one local strain magnitude can be predicted, namely the horizontal extension of the contact surface ehc. The four strain parameters and {(1 + overlineev) }/{(1 + overlineeh}) are graphed as functions of two independent variables: (1) outward distension of the contact ( r - r0)/ r; and (2) depth of contact strain ( rd - r)/ r. r is the present, observed radius of the pluton, r0 is the original radius and rd is the radius of contact strain. If ( rd- r)/ r is reduced or ( r - r0)/ r is increased, absolute values of the overall strain components are increased, ehc increases with ( r - r0)/ r but is independent of ( r d - r)/r · (1 + overlineev)/(l + overlineeh) ≅ 1 over a large range of values of both independent variables. The model has been applied to two Archean plutons in northwestern Ontario. According to a previous study, strain near the contact of the Bamaji-Blackstone batholith is characterized by large values of extension parallel to the contact and shortening normal to the contact, ( r - r0)/r and ( rd - r)/ r are estimated to be less than 0.20 and 0.27 respectively. The horizontal extension parallel to the contact is apparently a minimum estimate of ehc and the depth of contact strain was previously underestimated. The range of values of ehc indicates that ( r - r0)/ r is larger than previously estimated by a factor of at least three. A similar problem has been encountered at the convex boundary of the Marmion Lake crescentic pluton. The pluton was emplaced along an older contact between greenstone and tonalitic gneiss. A minimum value of the outward displacement of the convex boundary of the pluton can be estimated from a major fold in the greenstone. It is found that the magnitude of this outward displacement is greater than the width of the pluton or ( r - r0). Apparently, the folding pre-dates the emplacement of the crescent; it probably dates from the emplacement of the tonalitic gneiss into greenstone cover.

40 CFR 170.240 - Personal protective equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... protective equipment (PPE) means devices and apparel that are worn to protect the body from contact with... chemical-resistant garment that covers, at a minimum, the entire body except head, hands, and feet. (4... body except head, hands, and feet. The pesticide product labeling may specify that the coveralls be...

75 FR 1547 - Alcohol and Drug Testing: Determination of Minimum Random Testing Rates for 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-12

...: Notice of Determination. SUMMARY: Using data from Management Information System annual reports, FRA has... taken from FRA's Management Information System. Based on this data, the Administrator publishes a... effective upon publication. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lamar Allen, Alcohol and Drug Program Manager...

75 FR 79308 - Alcohol and Drug Testing: Determination of Minimum Random Testing Rates for 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-20

... from Management Information System annual reports, FRA has determined that the 2009 rail industry... program data taken from FRA's Management Information System. Based on this data, the Administrator... effective December 20, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Lamar Allen, Alcohol and Drug Program Manager...

21 CFR 177.1440 - 4,4′-Isopropylidenediphenol-epichlorohydrin resins minimum molecular weight 10,000.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) INDIRECT FOOD ADDITIVES: POLYMERS Substances for Use as Basic Components of Single and Repeated Use Food Contact Surfaces § 177.1440 4,4... articles intended for use in producing, manufacturing, packing, processing, preparing, treating, packaging...

75 FR 17590 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Roof Crush Resistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-07

... FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For non-legal issues, you may call Christopher J. Wiacek, NHTSA Office of Crashworthiness Standards, telephone 202-366-4801. For legal issues, you may call J. Edward Glancy, NHTSA Office... assemblage consisting, at a minimum, of chassis (including the frame) structure, power train, steering system...

28 CFR 540.43 - Frequency of visits and number of visitors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... visitors. 540.43 Section 540.43 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT CONTACT WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Visiting Regulations § 540.43 Frequency of visits and number of visitors. The Warden shall allow each inmate a minimum of four hours visiting time per...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

Fuel transfer tube quick opening hatch

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meuschke, R. E.; Sherwood, D. G.; Silverblatt, B. L.

1985-05-28

A quick opening hatch for use on a transfer tube of a nuclear reactor plant that is adapted to replace the conventional hatch on the transfer tube. A locking ring is provided with a plurality of screw openings that is adapted for connection to the transfer tube, and a hatch cover fitably received within the locking ring for closing-off the transfer tube. To lock the cover to the ring, latches are movably connected with the cover for locking engagement with the locking ring, and a sprocket with a plurality of crank arms is movably connected with the cover and themore » latches for movement thereof into locking engagement with a latch housing on the locking ring for locking the cover to the ring and out of engagement with the latch housing for releasing the cover from the locking ring so as to permit removal of the hatch cover from the locking ring to provide access to the transfer tube. A davit assembly is provided which is connected with the transfer tube and the hatch cover to move the cover away and to provide guidance for closing-off the transfer tube. The locking ring and hatch cover also include cooperating keys and keyways for alignment when closing the transfer tube. The cover is provided with sealing rings and the latch housing and latches include cooperating cam surfaces to provide a tight locking engagement by compressing the sealing rings between the transfer tube and the hatch cover.« less

Fabrication and evaluation of polymeric early-warning fire-alarm devices. [combustion products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Senturia, S. D.

1975-01-01

The electrical resistivities were investigated of some polymers known to be enhanced by the presence of certain gases. This was done to make a device capable of providing early warning to fire through its response with the gases produced in the early phases of combustion. Eight polymers were investigated: poly(phenyl acetylene), poly(p-aminophenyl acetylene), poly(p-nitrophenyl acetylene), poly(p-formamidophenyl acetylene), poly(ethynyl ferrocene), poly(ethynyl carborane), poly(ethynyl pyridine), and the polymer made from 1,2,3,6 tetramethyl pyridazine. A total of 40 usable thin-film sandwich devices and a total of 70 usable interdigitated-electrode lock-and-key devices were fabricated. The sandwich devices were used for measurements of contact linearity, polymer conductivity, and polymer dielectric constant. The lock-and-key devices were used to determine the response of the polymers to a spectrum of gases that included ammonia, carbon nonoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, ethylene, acrolein, water vapor, and normal laboratory air. Strongest responses were to water vapor, ammonia, and acrolein, and depending on the polymer, weaker responses to carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, and carbon monoxide were observed. A quantitative theory of device operation, capable of accounting for observed device leakage current and sensitivity, was developed. A prototype detection/alarm system was designed and built for use in demonstrating sensor performance.

An analytical and experimental study of injection-locked two-port oscillators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Freeman, Jon C.; Downey, Alan N.

1987-01-01

A Ku-band IMPATT oscillator with two distinct output power ports was injection-locked alternately at both ports. The transmission locking bandwidth was nearly the same for either port. The lower free running power port had a reflection locking bandwidth that was narrower than its transmission locking one. Just the opposite was found at the other port. A detailed analytical model for two-port injection-locked oscillators is presented, and its results agree quite well with the experiments. A critique of the literature on this topic is included to clear up misconceptions and errors. It is concluded that two-port injection-locked oscillators may prove useful in certain communication systems.

Influences of misalignment of control mirror of axisymmetric-structural CO2 laser on phase locking.

PubMed

Xu, Yonggen; Li, Yude; Qiu, Yi; Feng, Ting; Fu, Fuxing; Guo, Wei

2008-11-20

Based on the principle of phase locking of an axisymmetric-fold combination CO2 laser under the normal state condition, the mechanisms of phase locking are analyzed when the control mirror is misaligned. Then the overlapping rate (OR) of the mode volume is introduced: the main influences on phase locking are the OR, the average life of the light wave, the root mean square phase error, and the mode coupling coefficient; these influences on phase locking are studied. The distribution of the light intensity reflects the effect of phase locking. It is shown that the misaligned angle has little influence on the phase locking if it is within tolerance.

Mode Locking of Lasers with Atomic Layer Graphene

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

polarization components. As in order to obtain the vector soliton operation in a mode locked fiber laser no any polarization ...oscilloscope traces of a polarization locked vector soliton operation state. Figure 21: Oscilloscope traces of pulse train in a phase locked vector ... locked vector solitons , where the polarization of the solitons emitted by the laser is fixed, the polarization of the

46 CFR 154.345 - Air locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Air locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 Air locks. (a) An air lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous zone on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each air lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...

46 CFR 154.345 - Air locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 Air locks. (a) An air lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous zone on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each air lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...

46 CFR 154.345 - Air locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Air locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 Air locks. (a) An air lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous zone on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each air lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...

46 CFR 154.345 - Air locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 Air locks. (a) An air lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous zone on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each air lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...

46 CFR 154.345 - Air locks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air locks. 154.345 Section 154.345 Shipping COAST GUARD....345 Air locks. (a) An air lock may be used for access from a gas-dangerous zone on the weather deck to a gas-safe space. (b) Each air lock must: (1) Consist of two steel doors, at least 1.5 m (4.9 ft...

75 FR 71104 - Lock Hydro Friends Fund XXXV; FFP Missouri 7, LLC; Dashields Hydro, LLC; Notice of Competing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-22

.... 13735-000; Project No. 13756-000; Project No. 13779-000] Lock Hydro Friends Fund XXXV; FFP Missouri 7... Soliciting Comments, and Motions To Intervene November 15, 2010. On May 18, 2010, Lock Hydro Friends Fund.... Descriptions of the proposed Dashields Lock and Dam Projects: Lock Hydro Friends Fund XXXV's project (Project...

75 FR 75999 - Lock + Hydro Friends Fund XlVI; FFP Missouri 17, LLC; Solia 3 Hydroelectric, LLC; Three Rivers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-07

.... 13754-000; Project No. 13765-000; Project No. 13783-000; Project No. 13790-000] Lock + Hydro Friends..., and Motions To Intervene NOVEMBER 30, 2010. On May 18, 2010, Lock + Hydro Friends Fund XLVI, FFP... proposed Hildebrand Lock & Dam Projects: Lock+ Hydro Friends Fund XLVI's project (Project No. 13734-000...

Evaluation of fish sampling using rotenone in a navigation lock

USGS Publications Warehouse

Margraf, F.J.; Knight, C.T.

2002-01-01

Annual sampling in locks with rotenone has been a principal means of assessing fish populations in the commercially navigable portions of the Ohio River. Despite extensive use, sampling in locks with rotenone and interpretation of the data obtained have not been adequately evaluated. The purpose of our study was to determine the degree of inter- and intraseasonal variation in lock samples, estimate correction factors (CFs) for fish recovery rates, and compare lock samples to other fish collections from the navigational pools above and below the lock. Lock samples from all seasons had a greater proportion of pelagic and demersal fish than samples from the navigational pools, which contained greater proportions of littoral species. CF for non-recovery of fish were determined. Spring and summer lock collections yielded several more species and estimates of overall fish biomass were an order of magnitude higher than fall collections. Within season variation between lock samples was relatively low; however, variation in lock samples among seasons was high, equivalent to that seen among the annual samples from the 1980s. Thus, single-season sampling may not be adequate, and fall may be the least preferred season.

The strength of polyaxial locking interfaces of distal radius plates.

PubMed

Hoffmeier, Konrad L; Hofmann, Gunther O; Mückley, Thomas

2009-10-01

Currently available polyaxial locking plates represent the consequent enhancement of fixed-angle, first-generation locking plates. In contrast to fixed-angle locking plates which are sufficiently investigated, the strength of the new polyaxial locking options has not yet been evaluated biomechanically. This study investigates the mechanical strength of single polyaxial interfaces of different volar radius plates. Single screw-plate interfaces of the implants Palmar 2.7 (Königsee Implantate und Instrumente zur Osteosynthese GmbH, Allendorf, Germany), VariAx (Stryker Leibinger GmbH & Co. KG, Freiburg, Germany) und Viper (Integra LifeSciences Corporation, Plainsboro, NJ, USA) were tested by cantilever bending. The strength of 0 degrees, 10 degrees and 20 degrees screw locking angle was obtained during static and dynamic loading. The Palmar 2.7 interfaces showed greater ultimate strength and fatigue strength than the interfaces of the other implants. The strength of the VariAx interfaces was about 60% of Palmar 2.7 in both, static and dynamic loading. No dynamic testing was applied to the Viper plate because of its low ultimate strength. By static loading, an increase in screw locking angle caused a reduction of strength for the Palmar 2.7 and Viper locking interfaces. No influence was observed for the VariAx locking interfaces. During dynamic loading; angulation had no influence on the locking strength of Palmar 2.7. However, reduction of locking strength with increasing screw angulation was observed for VariAx. The strength of the polyaxial locking interfaces differs remarkably between the examined implants. Depending on the implant an increase of the screw locking angle causes a reduction of ultimate or fatigue strength, but not in all cases a significant impact was observed.

UPSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL AND DOG HOUSE. NOTE ARM AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

UPSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL AND DOG HOUSE. NOTE ARM AND GEARING FOR CONTROLLING LOCK GATE. LOOKING WEST SOUTHWEST. - Illinois Waterway, Brandon Road Lock and Dam , 1100 Brandon Road, Joliet, Will County, IL

DOWNSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL VIEW WITH DOG HOUSE. NOTE CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DOWNSTREAM LOCK GATE DETAIL VIEW WITH DOG HOUSE. NOTE CONTROL ARM AND GEAR FOR GATE. LOOKING NORTHWEST. - Illinois Waterway, Dresden Island Lock and Dam , 7521 North Lock Road, Channahon, Will County, IL

49 CFR 236.780 - Plunger, facing point lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.780 Plunger, facing point lock. That part of a facing point lock which secures the lock rod to the...

49 CFR 236.780 - Plunger, facing point lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.780 Plunger, facing point lock. That part of a facing point lock which secures the lock rod to the...

49 CFR 236.780 - Plunger, facing point lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.780 Plunger, facing point lock. That part of a facing point lock which secures the lock rod to the...

49 CFR 236.780 - Plunger, facing point lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.780 Plunger, facing point lock. That part of a facing point lock which secures the lock rod to the...

49 CFR 236.780 - Plunger, facing point lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Definitions § 236.780 Plunger, facing point lock. That part of a facing point lock which secures the lock rod to the...

In vitro adhesion of Acanthamoeba castellanii to soft contact lenses depends on water content and disinfection procedure.

PubMed

Reverey, Julia F; Fromme, Roland; Leippe, Matthias; Selhuber-Unkel, Christine

2014-08-01

To compare the potential of different soft contact lenses to be contaminated with Acanthamoeba castellanii as a function of material parameters and cleaning procedures. Different unworn soft hydrogel and silicone hydrogel contact lenses were incubated with human pathogenic A. castellanii. The adhesion of the acanthamoebae was investigated on the contact lenses and put into relation to their material parameters. The efficacy of a recommended contact lens cleaning procedure in reducing A. castellanii adhesion was investigated. We found that material parameters such as elastic modulus, silicone content, ionic properties and swelling do not influence the adhesion of acanthamoebae to soft contact lenses. A material parameter that influenced adhesion significantly was the water content of the lens. With increasing water content, the adhesion of acanthamoebae increased. By following the cleaning instructions of the manufacturer the contamination of the lenses with A. castellanii could be reduced to a minimum, as shown both on contact lenses and in control experiments. With this study we show that for the tested lenses, the adhesion of A. castellanii to contact lenses is independent of the silicone content of the lens, but depends nonlinearly on the water content of the lens. Furthermore, we demonstrate that applying proper lens cleaning procedures minimizes the risk of acanthamoebae adhesion to contact lenses. Copyright © 2013 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Self-locking degree-4 vertex origami structures

PubMed Central

Li, Suyi; Wang, K. W.

2016-01-01

A generic degree-4 vertex (4-vertex) origami possesses one continuous degree-of-freedom for rigid folding, and this folding process can be stopped when two of its facets bind together. Such facet-binding will induce self-locking so that the overall structure stays at a pre-specified configuration without additional locking elements or actuators. Self-locking offers many promising properties, such as programmable deformation ranges and piecewise stiffness jumps, that could significantly advance many adaptive structural systems. However, despite its excellent potential, the origami self-locking features have not been well studied, understood, and used. To advance the state of the art, this research conducts a comprehensive investigation on the principles of achieving and harnessing self-locking in 4-vertex origami structures. Especially, for the first time, this study expands the 4-vertex structure construction from single-component to dual-component designs and investigates their self-locking behaviours. By exploiting various tessellation designs, this research discovers that the dual-component designs offer the origami structures with extraordinary attributes that the single-component structures do not have, which include the existence of flat-folded locking planes, programmable locking points and deformability. Finally, proof-of-concept experiments investigate how self-locking can effectively induce piecewise stiffness jumps. The results of this research provide new scientific knowledge and a systematic framework for the design, analysis and utilization of self-locking origami structures for many potential engineering applications. PMID:27956889

Self-locking degree-4 vertex origami structures.

PubMed

Fang, Hongbin; Li, Suyi; Wang, K W

2016-11-01

A generic degree-4 vertex (4-vertex) origami possesses one continuous degree-of-freedom for rigid folding, and this folding process can be stopped when two of its facets bind together. Such facet-binding will induce self-locking so that the overall structure stays at a pre-specified configuration without additional locking elements or actuators. Self-locking offers many promising properties, such as programmable deformation ranges and piecewise stiffness jumps, that could significantly advance many adaptive structural systems. However, despite its excellent potential, the origami self-locking features have not been well studied, understood, and used. To advance the state of the art, this research conducts a comprehensive investigation on the principles of achieving and harnessing self-locking in 4-vertex origami structures. Especially, for the first time, this study expands the 4-vertex structure construction from single-component to dual-component designs and investigates their self-locking behaviours. By exploiting various tessellation designs, this research discovers that the dual-component designs offer the origami structures with extraordinary attributes that the single-component structures do not have, which include the existence of flat-folded locking planes, programmable locking points and deformability. Finally, proof-of-concept experiments investigate how self-locking can effectively induce piecewise stiffness jumps. The results of this research provide new scientific knowledge and a systematic framework for the design, analysis and utilization of self-locking origami structures for many potential engineering applications.

Acquisition and Tracking Behavior of Phase-Locked Loops

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Viterbi, A. J.

1958-01-01

Phase-locked or APC loops have found increasing applications in recent years as tracking filters, synchronizing devices, and narrowband FM discriminators. Considerable work has been performed to determine the noise-squelching properties of the loop when it is operating in or near phase lock and is functioning as a linear coherent detector. However, insufficient consideration has been devoted to the non-linear behavior of the loop when it is out of lock and in the process of pulling in. Experimental evidence has indicated that there is a strong tendency for phase-locked loops to achieve lock under most circumstances. However, the analysis which has appeared in the literature iis limited to the acquisition of a constant frequency reference signal with only one phase-locked loop filter configuration. This work represents an investigation of frequency acquisition properties of phase-locked loops for a variety of reference-signal behavior and loop configurations

CW injection locking for long-term stability of frequency combs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Charles; Quinlan, Franklyn; Delfyett, Peter J.

2009-05-01

Harmonically mode-locked semiconductor lasers with external ring cavities offer high repetition rate pulse trains while maintaining low optical linewidth via long cavity storage times. Continuous wave (CW) injection locking further reduces linewidth and stabilizes the optical frequencies. The output can be stabilized long-term with the help of a modified Pound-Drever-Hall feedback loop. Optical sidemode suppression of 36 dB has been shown, as well as RF supermode noise suppression of 14 dB for longer than 1 hour. In addition to the injection locking of harmonically mode-locked lasers requiring an external frequency source, recent work shows the viability of the injection locking technique for regeneratively mode-locked lasers, or Coupled Opto-Electronic Oscillators (COEO).

Nuclear reactor fuel rod attachment system

DOEpatents

Christiansen, David W.

1982-01-01

A reusable system for removably attaching a nuclear reactor fuel rod (12) to a support member (14). A locking cap (22) is secured to the fuel rod (12) and a locking strip (24) is fastened to the support member (14). The locking cap (22) has two opposing fingers (24a and 24b) shaped to form a socket having a body portion (26). The locking strip has an extension (36) shaped to rigidly attach to the socket's body portion (26). The locking cap's fingers are resiliently deflectable. For attachment, the locking cap (22) is longitudinally pushed onto the locking strip (24) causing the extension (36) to temporarily deflect open the fingers (24a and 24b) to engage the socket's body portion (26). For removal, the process is reversed.

Vane segment support and alignment device

DOEpatents

McLaurin, L.D.; Sizemore, J.D.

1999-07-13

A support and alignment assembly for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. The support and alignment assembly comprises a torque plate which defines an opening for receiving an eccentric pin and a locking end member for receiving a lock socket member. An eccentric pin adjustably supported by the torque plate opening for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. A lock socket member adapted to securely receive the eccentric pin and rotated therewith, and adjustably engage the torque plate locking end is provided. The lock socket member receives the eccentric pin, such that when the eccentric pin is adjusted to align the vane segment, the lock socket member engages the torque plate locking end to secure the vane segment in the desired position. 5 figs.

Vane segment support and alignment device

DOEpatents

McLaurin, Leroy Dixon; Sizemore, John Derek

1999-01-01

A support and alignment assembly for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. The support and alignment assembly comprises a torque plate which defines an opening for receiving an eccentric pin and a locking end member for receiving a lock socket member. An eccentric pin adjustably supported by the torque plate opening for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. A lock socket member adapted to securely receive the eccentric pin and rotated therewith, and adjustably engage the torque plate locking end is provided. The lock socket member receives the eccentric pin, such that when the eccentric pin is adjusted to align the vane segment, the lock socket member engages the torque plate locking end to secure the vane segment in the desired position.

75 FR 5071 - Mississippi L&D 21, LLC, Mississippi River No. 21 Hydropower Company Lock + TM

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... Lock + \\TM\\ Hydro Friends Fund XXXII, LLC; Notice of Preliminary Permit Applications Accepted for..., Lock + TM Hydro Friends Fund XXXII, LLC (Lock + Hydro) filed an application for a preliminary permit...

Setting a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction in California

PubMed Central

Barnert, Elizabeth S.; Abrams, Laura S.; Maxson, Cheryl; Gase, Lauren; Soung, Patricia; Carroll, Paul; Bath, Eraka

2018-01-01

Purpose Despite the existence of minimum age laws for juvenile justice jurisdiction in 18 US states, California has no explicit law that protects children (i.e. youth less than 12 years old) from being processed in the juvenile justice system. In the absence of a minimum age law, California lags behind other states and international practice and standards. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this policy brief, academics across the University of California campuses examine current evidence, theory, and policy related to the minimum age of juvenile justice jurisdiction. Findings Existing evidence suggests that children lack the cognitive maturity to comprehend or benefit from formal juvenile justice processing, and diverting children from the system altogether is likely to be more beneficial for the child and for public safety. Research limitations/implications Based on current evidence and theory, the authors argue that minimum age legislation that protects children from contact with the juvenile justice system and treats them as children in need of services and support, rather than as delinquents or criminals, is an important policy goal for California and for other national and international jurisdictions lacking a minimum age law. Originality/value California has no law specifying a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction, meaning that young children of any age can be processed in the juvenile justice system. This policy brief provides a rationale for a minimum age law in California and other states and jurisdictions without one. Paper type Conceptual paper PMID:28299968

Setting a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction in California.

PubMed

S Barnert, Elizabeth; S Abrams, Laura; Maxson, Cheryl; Gase, Lauren; Soung, Patricia; Carroll, Paul; Bath, Eraka

2017-03-13

Purpose Despite the existence of minimum age laws for juvenile justice jurisdiction in 18 US states, California has no explicit law that protects children (i.e. youth less than 12 years old) from being processed in the juvenile justice system. In the absence of a minimum age law, California lags behind other states and international practice and standards. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this policy brief, academics across the University of California campuses examine current evidence, theory, and policy related to the minimum age of juvenile justice jurisdiction. Findings Existing evidence suggests that children lack the cognitive maturity to comprehend or benefit from formal juvenile justice processing, and diverting children from the system altogether is likely to be more beneficial for the child and for public safety. Research limitations/implications Based on current evidence and theory, the authors argue that minimum age legislation that protects children from contact with the juvenile justice system and treats them as children in need of services and support, rather than as delinquents or criminals, is an important policy goal for California and for other national and international jurisdictions lacking a minimum age law. Originality/value California has no law specifying a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction, meaning that young children of any age can be processed in the juvenile justice system. This policy brief provides a rationale for a minimum age law in California and other states and jurisdictions without one.

IS NSVS 5066754 A NEAR-CONTACT OR A MARGINAL CONTACT BINARY?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Samec, Ronald G.; Nyaude, Ropafadzo; Caton, Daniel B.

BVR{sub cIc} light curves of NSVS 5066754 were taken on 2014 May at Dark Sky Observatory in North Carolina. This variable is a solar-type eclipsing binary ( T 1 ∼ 5750 K) with a period of only 0.3751689(1) days. It appeared to be one of the shortest periods in Shaw’s list of near-contact binaries. The Binary Maker fits and our Wilson–Devinney solutions show that the binary could have both semidetached and marginal contact binary configurations. Five new times of minimum light were calculated, along with two minima determined from archived All Sky Automated Survey observations. From these minima and the discovery epoch, amore » quadratic ephemeris was determined. Thus, a magnetic braking scenario is possible. Both semidetached and contact models were explored. A marginal contact solution had the best sum of square residuals. It gave a mass ratio of ∼0.5, and a component temperature difference of ∼360 K, albeit somewhat large for a contact binary. Two substantial cool spots were determined in this solution with 37° and 28° radii and t-factors or 0.94 and 0.78 respectively. The fill-out is very shallow, ∼106%. It may have recently achieved contact.« less

49 CFR 236.376 - Mechanical locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mechanical locking. 236.376 Section 236.376 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... and Tests § 236.376 Mechanical locking. Mechanical locking in interlocking machine shall be tested...

49 CFR 236.761 - Locking, electric.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, electric. 236.761 Section 236.761 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, electric. The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of...

49 CFR 236.761 - Locking, electric.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Locking, electric. 236.761 Section 236.761 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, electric. The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of...

49 CFR 236.105 - Electric lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electric lock. 236.105 Section 236.105 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.105 Electric lock. Electric lock, except forced...

49 CFR 236.105 - Electric lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electric lock. 236.105 Section 236.105 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.105 Electric lock. Electric lock, except forced...

49 CFR 236.761 - Locking, electric.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Locking, electric. 236.761 Section 236.761 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, electric. The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of...

49 CFR 236.761 - Locking, electric.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Locking, electric. 236.761 Section 236.761 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, electric. The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of...

49 CFR 236.761 - Locking, electric.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Locking, electric. 236.761 Section 236.761 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, electric. The combination of one or more electric locks and controlling circuits by means of...

49 CFR 236.105 - Electric lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electric lock. 236.105 Section 236.105 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.105 Electric lock. Electric lock, except forced...

49 CFR 236.105 - Electric lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electric lock. 236.105 Section 236.105 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.105 Electric lock. Electric lock, except forced...

49 CFR 236.105 - Electric lock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electric lock. 236.105 Section 236.105 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION...: All Systems Inspections and Tests; All Systems § 236.105 Electric lock. Electric lock, except forced...

Lock For Valve Stem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burley, Richard K.; Guirguis, Kamal S.

1991-01-01

Simple, cheap device locks valve stem so its setting cannot be changed by unauthorized people. Device covers valve stem; cover locked in place with standard padlock. Valve lock made of PVC pipe and packing band. Shears, drill or punch, and forming rod only tools needed.

49 CFR 236.762 - Locking, indication.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, indication. 236.762 Section 236.762 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, indication. Electric locking which prevents manipulation of levers that would result in an unsafe...

49 CFR 236.760 - Locking, approach.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, approach. 236.760 Section 236.760 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, approach. Electric locking effective while a train is approaching, within a specified distance, a...

49 CFR 236.769 - Locking, traffic.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, traffic. 236.769 Section 236.769 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, traffic. Electric locking which prevents the manipulation of levers or other devices for changing...

Fast flux locked loop

DOEpatents

Ganther, Jr., Kenneth R.; Snapp, Lowell D.

2002-09-10

A flux locked loop for providing an electrical feedback signal, the flux locked loop employing radio-frequency components and technology to extend the flux modulation frequency and tracking loop bandwidth. The flux locked loop of the present invention has particularly useful application in read-out electronics for DC SQUID magnetic measurement systems, in which case the electrical signal output by the flux locked loop represents an unknown magnetic flux applied to the DC SQUID.

Observation of High-Order Polarization-Locked Vector Solitons in a Fiber Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, D. Y.; Zhang, H.; Zhao, L. M.; Wu, X.

2008-10-01

We report on the experimental observation of a new type of polarization-locked vector soliton in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. The vector soliton is characterized by the fact that not only are the two orthogonally polarized soliton components phase-locked, but also one of the components has a double-humped intensity profile. Multiple phase-locked high-order vector solitons with identical soliton parameters and harmonic mode locking of the vector solitons were also obtained in the laser. Numerical simulations confirmed the existence of stable high-order vector solitons in the fiber laser.

Observation of high-order polarization-locked vector solitons in a fiber laser.

PubMed

Tang, D Y; Zhang, H; Zhao, L M; Wu, X

2008-10-10

We report on the experimental observation of a new type of polarization-locked vector soliton in a passively mode-locked fiber laser. The vector soliton is characterized by the fact that not only are the two orthogonally polarized soliton components phase-locked, but also one of the components has a double-humped intensity profile. Multiple phase-locked high-order vector solitons with identical soliton parameters and harmonic mode locking of the vector solitons were also obtained in the laser. Numerical simulations confirmed the existence of stable high-order vector solitons in the fiber laser.

Blind-Side, High-Temperature Fastener Lock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Matza, E. C.; While, D. M.

1985-01-01

Formed-in-place staple provides positive mechanical lock. Post-supported, advanced carbon/carbon standoff panels, currently under consideration as alternate thermal protection system for Shuttle orbiter, locking feature applicable to temperatures of 1,600 degrees F (870 degrees C) and higher and employable after panel installed, resulting in blind application. Blind-side locking technique employs wire staple inserted into grooves in post, formed in place by ramped portion of post grooves. This splays out wire ends that move into castellated end of grommet, mechanically locking post and grommet against relative rotation. Splayed ends provide mechanical lock to prevent wire from falling out.

Fastener Retention Requirements and Practices in Spaceflight Hardware

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dasgupta, Rajib

2004-01-01

This presentation reviews the requirements for safety critical fasteners in spaceflight hardware. Included in the presentation are design guidelines and information for Locking Helicoils, key locked inserts and thinwalled inserts, self locking screws and bolts. locknuts, and a locking adhesives, Loctite and Vibratite.

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

30 CFR 56.12068 - Locking transformer enclosures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Locking transformer enclosures. 56.12068 Section 56.12068 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... § 56.12068 Locking transformer enclosures. Transformer enclosures shall be kept locked against...

49 CFR 236.378 - Time locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Time locking. 236.378 Section 236.378 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... and Tests § 236.378 Time locking. Time locking shall be tested when placed in service and thereafter...

49 CFR 236.378 - Time locking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Time locking. 236.378 Section 236.378 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... and Tests § 236.378 Time locking. Time locking shall be tested when placed in service and thereafter...

12. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, July 2000 View to northwest. Poe ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Wayne Chandler, Photographer, July 2000 View to northwest. Poe Lock at center. Davis Lock at center right and Sabin Lock at far right - St. Mary's Falls Canal, Soo Locks, St. Mary's River at Falls, Sault Ste. Marie, Chippewa County, MI

49 CFR 236.767 - Locking, route.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Locking, route. 236.767 Section 236.767 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION... Locking, route. Electric locking, effective when a train passes a signal displaying an aspect for it to...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Samec, R. G.; Melton, R. A.; Figg, E. R.

GSC 3355 0394 has an EB-type light curve, which is dominated by hot and cool spot activities. It displays night-to-night variations in light-curve shapes. The period study yields six new times of minimum light and the first precision ephemeris, HJD T{sub min}I = 2, 454, 408.9547 {+-} 0.0017 + 0.4621603 {+-} 0.0000008d*E. VR{sub c}I{sub c} standard magnitudes are presented. BVRI Wilson synthetic light-curve solutions are calculated for both a Mode 4 (V1010 Oph-type, semidetached, more massive component filling its Roche lobe) configuration and a Mode 3, contact configuration (fill-out 100% or critical contact). The critical contact is the lowest residualmore » solution. Four major spot regions are needed to model this binary, at least one is evidently a stream spot.« less

Digital multi-channel high resolution phase locked loop for surveillance radar systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizk, Mohamed; Shaaban, Shawky; Abou-El-Nadar, Usama M.; Hafez, Alaa El-Din Sayed

This paper present a multi-channel, high resolution, fast lock phase locked loop (PLL) for surveillance radar applications. Phase detector based PLLs are simple to design, suffer no systematic phase error, and can run at the highest speed. Reducing loop gain can proportionally improve jitter performance, but also reduces locking time and pull-in range. The proposed system is based on digital process and control the error signal to the voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) adaptively to control its gain in order to achieve fast lock times while improving in lock jitter performance. Under certain circumstances the design also improves the frequency agility capability of the radar system. The results show a fast lock, high resolution PLL with transient time less than 10 µ sec which is suitable to radar applications.

Vane segment support and alignment device

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McLaurin, L.D.; Sizemore, J.D.

1999-07-13

A support and alignment assembly for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. The support and alignment assembly comprises a torque plate which defines an opening for receiving an eccentric pin and a locking end member for receiving a lock socket member. An eccentric pin adjustably supported by the torque plate opening for supporting and aligning a vane segment is provided. A lock socket member adapted to securely receive the eccentric pin and rotated therewith, and adjustably engage the torque plate locking end is provided. The lock socket member receives the eccentric pin, such that when the eccentric pinmore » is adjusted to align the vane segment, the lock socket member engages the torque plate locking end to secure the vane segment in the desired position. 5 figs.« less

The best location for proximal locking screw for femur interlocking nailing: A biomechanical study

PubMed Central

Karaarslan, Ahmet A; Karakaşli, Ahmet; Aycan, Hakan; Çeçen, Berivan; Yildiz, Didem Venüs; Sesli, Erhan

2016-01-01

Background: Proximal locking screw deformation and screw fracture is a frequently seen problem for femur interlocking nailing that affects fracture healing. We realized that there is lack of literature for the right level for the proximal locking screw. We investigated the difference of locking screw bending resistance between the application of screws on different proximal femoral levels. Materials and Methods: We used a total of 80 proximal locking screws for eight groups, 10 screws for each group. Three-point bending tests were performed on four types of screws in two different trochanteric levels (the lesser trochanter and 20 mm proximal). We determined the yield points at three-point bending tests that a permanent deformation started in the locking screws using an axial compression testing machine. Results: The mean yield point value of 5 mm threaded locking screws applied 20 mm proximal of lesser trochanter was 1022 ± 49 (range 986–1057) (mean ± standard deviation, 95% confidence interval). On the other hand, the mean yield point value of the same type of locking screws applied on the lesser trochanteric level was 2089 ± 249 (range 1911–2268). Which means 103% increase of screw resistance between two levels (P = 0.000). In all screw groups, on the lesser trochanter line we determined 98–174% higher than the yield point values of the same type of locking screws in comparison with 20 mm proximal to the lesser trochanter (P = 0.000). Conclusion: According to our findings, there is twice as much difference in locking screw bending resistance between these two application levels. To avoid proximal locking screw deformation, locking screws should be placed in the level of the lesser trochanter in nailing of 1/3 middle and distal femur fractures. PMID:26955183

Prosthetic elbow joint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weddendorf, Bruce C. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

An artificial, manually positionable elbow joint for use in an upper extremity, above-elbow, prosthetic is described. The prosthesis provides a locking feature that is easily controlled by the wearer. The instant elbow joint is very strong and durable enough to withstand the repeated heavy loadings encountered by a wearer who works in an industrial, construction, farming, or similar environment. The elbow joint of the present invention comprises a turntable, a frame, a forearm, and a locking assembly. The frame generally includes a housing for the locking assembly and two protruding ears. The forearm includes an elongated beam having a cup-shaped cylindrical member at one end and a locking wheel having a plurality of holes along a circular arc on its other end with a central bore for pivotal attachment to the protruding ears of the frame. The locking assembly includes a collar having a central opening with a plurality of internal grooves, a plurality of internal cam members each having a chamfered surface at one end and a V-shaped slot at its other end; an elongated locking pin having a crown wheel with cam surfaces and locking lugs secured thereto; two coiled compression springs; and a flexible filament attached to one end of the elongated locking pin and extending from the locking assembly for extending and retracting the locking pin into the holes in the locking wheel to permit selective adjustment of the forearm relative to the frame. In use, the turntable is affixed to the upper arm part of the prosthetic in the conventional manner, and the cup-shaped cylindrical member on one end of the forearm is affixed to the forearm piece of the prosthetic in the conventional manner. The elbow joint is easily adjusted and locked between maximum flex and extended positions.

Phase-locked loops. [in analog and digital circuits communication system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gupta, S. C.

1975-01-01

An attempt to systematically outline the work done in the area of phase-locked loops which are now used in modern communication system design is presented. The analog phase-locked loops are well documented in several books but discrete, analog-digital, and digital phase-locked loop work is scattered. Apart from discussing the various analysis, design, and application aspects of phase-locked loops, a number of references are given in the bibliography.

Performance Monitoring System: Summary of Lock Statistics. Revision 1.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

2751 84 4057 4141 526 798 18 1342 5727 19 5523 3996 4587 8583 1056 1630 35 2721 6536LOCK A DAMI 2 AUXILIARY I Ins NO DATA RECORDD FOR THIS LOCK- " LOCK I...TOTAL (KTOMS) ’ - (AVt OPNP ETC) ’’ ,q [ " ARKANSAS RIVER "" FORRELL LOCK IP 7A/3TRC 9/N83 UPBOUID STATISTICS ISO 53 42 M6 553 356 909 221 41 21 M8

Preliminary results toward injection locking of an incoherent laser array

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daher, J.

1986-01-01

The preliminary results of phase locking an incoherent laser array to a master source in an attempt to achieve coherent operation are presented. The techniques necessary to demonstrate phase locking are described along with some topics for future consideration. As expected, the results obtained suggest that injection locking of an array, where the spacing between adjacent longitudinal modes of its elements is significantly larger than the locking bandwidth, may not be feasible.

Montgomery Point Lock and Dam, White River, Arkansas

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

ER D C/ CH L TR -1 6- 1 Monitoring Completed Navigation Projects (MCNP) Program Montgomery Point Lock and Dam, White River, Arkansas Co...Navigation Projects (MCNP) Program ERDC/CHL TR-16-1 January 2016 Montgomery Point Lock and Dam, White River, Arkansas Allen Hammack, Michael Winkler, and...20314-1000 Under MCNP Work Unit: Montgomery Point Lock and Dam, White River, Arkansas ERDC/CHL TR-16-1 ii Abstract Montgomery Point Lock and

21 CFR 74.3710 - D&C Yellow No. 10.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false D&C Yellow No. 10. 74.3710 Section 74.3710 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL LISTING OF... for coloring contact lenses in amounts not to exceed the minimum reasonably required to accomplish the...