Sample records for minimum internal control

  1. 25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations? 542.32 Section 542.32 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  2. 25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations? 542.22 Section 542.22 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  3. 25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations? 542.22 Section 542.22 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  4. 25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations? 542.22 Section 542.22 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  5. 25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations? 542.22 Section 542.22 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  6. 25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations? 542.32 Section 542.32 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  7. 25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations? 542.32 Section 542.32 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  8. 25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations? 542.32 Section 542.32 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are the minimum internal control standards for...

  9. 78 FR 11793 - Minimum Internal Control Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-20

    ... Internal Control Standards AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) proposes to amend its minimum internal control standards for Class... NIGC published a final rule in the Federal Register called Minimum Internal Control Standards. 64 FR...

  10. 25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage? 542.14 Section 542.14 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.14 What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage? (a) Computer applications. For...

  11. 25 CFR 543.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo? 543.8 Section 543.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo? (a) Supervision....

  12. 25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary...

  13. 25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary...

  14. 25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary...

  15. 25 CFR 543.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo? 543.8 Section 543.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo? (a) Supervision....

  16. 25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary...

  17. 25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

  18. 25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

  19. 25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 542.8 Section 542.8 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.8 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a) Computer applications. For...

  20. 77 FR 32444 - Minimum Internal Control Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ... Internal Control Standards AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) proposes to amend its minimum internal control standards for Class... the Federal Register called Minimum Internal Control Standards. 64 FR 590. The rule added a new part...

  1. 25 CFR 543.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count? 543.17 Section 543.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?...

  2. 25 CFR 543.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems? 543.14 Section 543.14 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.14 What are the minimum internal control...

  3. 25 CFR 543.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit? 543.15 Section 543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.15 What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credi...

  4. 25 CFR 543.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 543.9 Section 543.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.9 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a)...

  5. 25 CFR 543.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 543.13 Section 543.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.13 What are the minimum internal control standards fo...

  6. 25 CFR 543.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for patron deposit accounts and cashless systems? 543.14 Section 543.14 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.14 What are the minimum internal control...

  7. 25 CFR 543.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? 543.9 Section 543.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.9 What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs? (a)...

  8. 25 CFR 543.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credit? 543.15 Section 543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.15 What are the minimum internal control standards for lines of credi...

  9. 25 CFR 543.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count? 543.17 Section 543.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.17 What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count?...

  10. 25 CFR 543.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items? 543.13 Section 543.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.13 What are the minimum internal control standards fo...

  11. 77 FR 58707 - Minimum Internal Control Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-21

    ... Gaming Commission 25 CFR Part 543 Minimum Internal Control Standards; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register... Control Standards AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission, Interior. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) amends its minimum internal control standards for Class II gaming...

  12. 77 FR 43196 - Minimum Internal Control Standards and Technical Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-24

    ... NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION 25 CFR Parts 543 and 547 Minimum Internal Control Standards [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Part 543 addresses minimum internal control standards (MICS) for Class II gaming operations. The regulations require tribes to establish controls and implement...

  13. 25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

  14. 25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

  15. 25 CFR 543.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems? 543.12 Section 543.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.12 What are the minimum internal contro...

  16. 25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

  17. 25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

  18. 25 CFR 542.4 - How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false How do these regulations affect minimum internal control standards established in a Tribal-State compact? 542.4 Section 542.4 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.4 How do these regulations affect minimum internal...

  19. 25 CFR 543.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming promotions and player tracking systems? 543.12 Section 543.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.12 What are the minimum internal contro...

  20. 78 FR 21060 - Appeal Proceedings Before the Commission

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... adoption of alternate standards from those required by the Commission's minimum internal control standards... adoption of alternate standards from those required by the Commission's minimum internal control standards... TGRAs' adoption of alternate standards from those required by the Commission's minimum internal control...

  1. 25 CFR 542.22 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... but not limited to, bingo card control, payout procedures, and cash reconciliation process; (ii) Pull... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.22 What are...

  2. 25 CFR 542.32 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... but not limited to, bingo card control, payout procedures, and cash reconciliation process; (ii) Pull... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.32 What are...

  3. 25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... reconciliation process; (ii) Pull tabs, including but not limited to, statistical records, winner verification... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for... COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.42 What are...

  4. 25 CFR 543.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for audit and accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... supervision, bingo cards, bingo card sales, draw, prize payout; cash and equivalent controls, technologic aids... 25 Indians 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for audit... INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.23 What are the...

  5. 25 CFR 543.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for audit and accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... supervision, bingo cards, bingo card sales, draw, prize payout; cash and equivalent controls, technologic aids... 25 Indians 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What are the minimum internal control standards for audit... INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.23 What are the...

  6. 78 FR 63873 - Minimum Internal Control Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-25

    ... Internal Control Standards AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission, Interior. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming Commission (NIGC) amends its minimum internal control standards for Class... Internal Control Standards. 64 FR 590. The rule added a new part to the Commission's regulations...

  7. 77 FR 60625 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ...-37 Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission... Internal Control Standards that were published on September 21, 2012. DATES: The effective date [email protected] . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Jennifer Ward, Attorney, NIGC Office of General Counsel, at...

  8. 78 FR 48632 - Releasing Information; General Provisions; Accounting and Reporting Requirements; Reports of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-09

    ... the confidentiality of borrower information. The system of internal controls, at a minimum, must... and maintain an effective system of internal controls over the data included in the report of accounts... system of internal controls, at a minimum, must comply with the requirements of applicable Farm Credit...

  9. 25 CFR 543.16 - What are the minimum internal controls for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... controls for information technology? (a) Physical security measures restricting access to agents, including... longer required. (2) In the event of remote access, the information technology employees must prepare a... 25 Indians 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What are the minimum internal controls for information...

  10. 25 CFR 543.16 - What are the minimum internal controls for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... controls for information technology? (a) Physical security measures restricting access to agents, including... longer required. (2) In the event of remote access, the information technology employees must prepare a... 25 Indians 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What are the minimum internal controls for information...

  11. 75 FR 55269 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-10

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission 25 CFR Parts 542 and 543 RIN 3141-AA-37 Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming AGENCY: National Indian Gaming Commission. ACTION: Delay of effective date of final rule; request for comments. SUMMARY: The National Indian Gaming...

  12. 25 CFR 543.20 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... information technology and information technology data? 543.20 Section 543.20 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING... § 543.20 What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information... prevent the concealment of fraud. (4) Information technology agents having access to Class II gaming...

  13. 25 CFR 543.20 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... information technology and information technology data? 543.20 Section 543.20 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING... § 543.20 What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology and information... prevent the concealment of fraud. (4) Information technology agents having access to Class II gaming...

  14. 25 CFR 542.1 - What does this part cover?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What does this part cover? 542.1 Section 542.1 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.1 What does this part cover? This part establishes the minimum internal control standards...

  15. 49 CFR 192.475 - Internal corrosion control: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: General. 192.475... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.475 Internal corrosion control: General. (a) Corrosive gas may not be transported by...

  16. 49 CFR 192.475 - Internal corrosion control: General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: General. 192.475... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.475 Internal corrosion control: General. (a) Corrosive gas may not be transported by...

  17. 49 CFR 192.477 - Internal corrosion control: Monitoring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. 192.477... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.477 Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. If corrosive gas is being transported, coupons...

  18. 49 CFR 192.477 - Internal corrosion control: Monitoring.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. 192.477... TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.477 Internal corrosion control: Monitoring. If corrosive gas is being transported, coupons...

  19. 13 CFR 120.460 - What are SBA's additional requirements for SBA Supervised Lenders?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... the SBA Supervised Lender regulations that follow. (b) Operations and internal controls. Each SBA... company and does not have its own board of directors) must adopt an internal control policy which provides... operations, programs, and resources. The internal control policy must, at a minimum: (1) Direct management to...

  20. Method and apparatus for controlling hybrid powertrain system in response to engine temperature

    DOEpatents

    Martini, Ryan D; Spohn, Brian L; Lehmen, Allen J; Cerbolles, Teresa L

    2014-10-07

    A method for controlling a hybrid powertrain system including an internal combustion engine includes controlling operation of the hybrid powertrain system in response to a preferred minimum coolant temperature trajectory for the internal combustion engine.

  1. 7 CFR 277.17 - Audit requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Purpose of audit. Audits will include, at a minimum, an examination of the systems of internal control...) Include comments on weaknesses in and noncompliance with the systems of internal control, separately... expenditure of Federal funds; (4) Internal procedures have been established to meet the objectives of...

  2. 12 CFR 240.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... operational standards. (a) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. A banking institution engaging in retail forex transactions shall establish and implement internal rules, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a retail...

  3. Internal combustion engine fuel controls. (Latest citations from the US Patent database). Published Search

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-12-01

    The bibliography contains citations of selected patents concerning fuel control devices and methods for use in internal combustion engines. Patents describe air-fuel ratio control, fuel injection systems, evaporative fuel control, and surge-corrected fuel control. Citations also discuss electronic and feedback control, methods for engine protection, and fuel conservation. (Contains a minimum of 232 citations and includes a subject term index and title list.)

  4. 77 FR 24730 - Submission of Information Collection Under the Paperwork Reduction Act; Reinstatement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-25

    ... regulatory authorities to establish and implement tribal internal control standards that provide a level of... system that, at a minimum, complies with the tribal internal control standards established by the tribal... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission Submission of Information Collection...

  5. 77 FR 9261 - Submission of Information Collection Under the Paperwork Reduction Act; Reinstatement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-16

    ... regulatory authorities to establish and implement tribal internal control standards that provide a level of... system that, at a minimum, complies with the tribal internal control standards established by the tribal... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Indian Gaming Commission Submission of Information Collection...

  6. Proposed English Standards Promote Aviation Safety.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chatham, Robert L.; Thomas, Shelley

    2000-01-01

    Discusses the International Civil Aviation Organization's (ICAO) Air Navigation's Commission approval of a task to develop minimum skill level requirements in English for air traffic control. The ICAO collaborated with the Defense Language Institute English Language Center to propose a minimum standard for English proficiency for international…

  7. 25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

  8. 25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

  9. 25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

  10. 25 CFR 542.42 - What are the minimum internal control standards for internal audit for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... maintained whose primary function is performing internal audit work and that is independent with respect to... accountability shall be reconciled to the general ledger; (ix) Information technology functions, including review... internal audit function, the accountant shall perform separate observations of the table games/gaming...

  11. The Control Based on Internal Average Kinetic Energy in Complex Environment for Multi-robot System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Mao; Tian, Yantao; Yin, Xianghua

    In this paper, reference trajectory is designed according to minimum energy consumed for multi-robot system, which nonlinear programming and cubic spline interpolation are adopted. The control strategy is composed of two levels, which lower-level is simple PD control and the upper-level is based on the internal average kinetic energy for multi-robot system in the complex environment with velocity damping. Simulation tests verify the effectiveness of this control strategy.

  12. 76 FR 53817 - Minimum Internal Control Standards for Class II Gaming

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-30

    ... Accounting, Gambling, Indians--lands, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. 25 CFR Part 543 Administrative practice and procedure, Gambling, Indians--lands, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements. For...

  13. 25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit... count team shall be independent of transactions being reviewed and counted. The count team shall be...

  14. 25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit.... (4) The count team shall be independent of transactions being reviewed and counted. The count team...

  15. 12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

  16. 12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

  17. 12 CFR 48.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... controls required. A national bank engaging in retail forex transactions must establish and implement internal policies, procedures, and controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent... orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to circumvent the provisions of...

  18. 49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

  19. 49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

  20. 49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

  1. 49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.451 Scope. (a..., internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

  2. 25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... locked table game drop boxes shall be removed from the tables by a person independent of the pit shift... boxes shall be performed by a minimum of two persons, at least one of whom is independent of the pit... digital record, within seven (7) days by an employee independent of the count. (ii) [Reserved] (2) Count...

  3. 12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

  4. 12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

  5. 12 CFR 349.13 - Trading and operational standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... controls designed, at a minimum, to: (1) Ensure, to the extent reasonable, that each order received from a...) Internal rules, procedures, and controls required. An FDIC-supervised insured depository institution... related persons from placing orders, directly or indirectly, with another person in a manner designed to...

  6. 25 CFR 543.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... surveillance? 543.21 Section 543.21 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for surveillance? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed for surveillance by an agent(s) with authority equal to or greater than those being supervised. (b) Surveillance...

  7. 25 CFR 543.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... surveillance? 543.21 Section 543.21 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for surveillance? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed for surveillance by an agent(s) with authority equal to or greater than those being supervised. (b) Surveillance...

  8. 25 CFR 543.16 - What are the minimum internal controls for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... technology? 543.16 Section 543.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... controls for information technology? (a) Physical security measures restricting access to agents, including... longer required. (2) In the event of remote access, the information technology employees must prepare a...

  9. Developing a Standard Set of Patient-Centred Outcomes for Inflammatory Bowel Disease-an International, Cross-disciplinary Consensus.

    PubMed

    Kim, Andrew H; Roberts, Charlotte; Feagan, Brian G; Banerjee, Rupa; Bemelman, Willem; Bodger, Keith; Derieppe, Marc; Dignass, Axel; Driscoll, Richard; Fitzpatrick, Ray; Gaarentstroom-Lunt, Janette; Higgins, Peter D; Kotze, Paulo Gustavo; Meissner, Jillian; O'Connor, Marian; Ran, Zhi-Hua; Siegel, Corey A; Terry, Helen; van Deen, Welmoed K; van der Woude, C Janneke; Weaver, Alandra; Yang, Suk-Kyun; Sands, Bruce E; Vermeire, Séverine; Travis, Simon Pl

    2018-03-28

    Success in delivering value-based healthcare involves measuring outcomes that matter most to patients. Our aim was to develop a minimum Standard Set of patient-centred outcome measures for inflammatory bowel disease [IBD], for use in different healthcare settings. An international working group [n = 25] representing patients, patient associations, gastroenterologists, surgeons, specialist nurses, IBD registries and patient-reported outcome measure [PROM] methodologists participated in a series of teleconferences incorporating a modified Delphi process. Systematic review of existing literature, registry data, patient focus groups and open review periods were used to reach consensus on a minimum set of standard outcome measures and risk adjustment variables. Similar methodology has been used in 21 other disease areas [www.ichom.org]. A minimum Standard Set of outcomes was developed for patients [aged ≥16] with IBD. Outcome domains included survival and disease control [survival, disease activity/remission, colorectal cancer, anaemia], disutility of care [treatment-related complications], healthcare utilization [IBD-related admissions, emergency room visits] and patient-reported outcomes [including quality of life, nutritional status and impact of fistulae] measured at baseline and at 6 or 12 month intervals. A single PROM [IBD-Control questionnaire] was recommended in the Standard Set and minimum risk adjustment data collected at baseline and annually were included: demographics, basic clinical information and treatment factors. A Standard Set of outcome measures for IBD has been developed based on evidence, patient input and specialist consensus. It provides an international template for meaningful, comparable and easy-to-interpret measures as a step towards achieving value-based healthcare in IBD.

  10. 25 CFR 543.24 - What are the minimum internal control standards for auditing revenue?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... parameters are accurate and have not been altered without appropriate management authorization Document and... write-offs and settlements) accounts on the accounts receivable listing to individual credit records and...

  11. 25 CFR 543.24 - What are the minimum internal control standards for auditing revenue?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... parameters are accurate and have not been altered without appropriate management authorization Document and... (includes write-offs and settlements) accounts on the accounts receivable listing to individual credit...

  12. 7 CFR 1773.32 - Report on compliance and on internal control over financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... reporting. As required by GAGAS, the CPA must prepare a written report describing the auditors testing of... reporting and present the results of those tests. This report must be signed by the CPA and must include, as a minimum: (a) The scope of the CPA's testing of compliance with laws and regulations and internal...

  13. 7 CFR 1773.32 - Report on compliance and on internal control over financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... reporting. As required by GAGAS, the CPA must prepare a written report describing the auditors testing of... reporting and present the results of those tests. This report must be signed by the CPA and must include, as a minimum: (a) The scope of the CPA's testing of compliance with laws and regulations and internal...

  14. 7 CFR 1773.32 - Report on compliance and on internal control over financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... reporting. As required by GAGAS, the CPA must prepare a written report describing the auditors testing of... reporting and present the results of those tests. This report must be signed by the CPA and must include, as a minimum: (a) The scope of the CPA's testing of compliance with laws and regulations and internal...

  15. 7 CFR 1773.32 - Report on compliance and on internal control over financial reporting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... reporting. As required by GAGAS, the CPA must prepare a written report describing the auditors testing of... reporting and present the results of those tests. This report must be signed by the CPA and must include, as a minimum: (a) The scope of the CPA's testing of compliance with laws and regulations and internal...

  16. 25 CFR 543.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... games? 543.10 Section 543.10 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for card games? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed during the card... personnel independent of the transaction or independent of the card games department; or (2) A dealer may...

  17. 25 CFR 543.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... games? 543.10 Section 543.10 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... control standards for card games? (a) Supervision. Supervision must be provided as needed during the card... personnel independent of the transaction or independent of the card games department; or (2) A dealer may...

  18. 25 CFR 542.17 - What are the minimum internal control standards for complimentary services or items?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... complimentary services or items? 542.17 Section 542.17 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF... control standards for complimentary services or items? (a) Each Tribal gaming regulatory authority or gaming operation shall establish and the gaming operation shall comply with procedures for the...

  19. 17 CFR 1.17 - Minimum financial requirements for futures commission merchants and introducing brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... internal risk management control system of the futures commission merchant; a description of how the... section; and (ii)(A) The readily marketable collateral is in the possession or control of the applicant or... accepted accounting principles. For the purposes of computing “net capital”, the term “liabilities”: (i...

  20. 31 CFR 1028.210 - Anti-money laundering programs for operators of credit card systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... minimum, the program must: (1) Incorporate policies, procedures, and internal controls designed to ensure... program reasonably designed to prevent the operator of a credit card system from being used to facilitate... Designated Nationals List issued by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control; (C) A person located in, or...

  1. 31 CFR 1028.210 - Anti-money laundering programs for operators of credit card systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... minimum, the program must: (1) Incorporate policies, procedures, and internal controls designed to ensure... program reasonably designed to prevent the operator of a credit card system from being used to facilitate... Designated Nationals List issued by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control; (C) A person located in, or...

  2. 31 CFR 1028.210 - Anti-money laundering programs for operators of credit card systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... minimum, the program must: (1) Incorporate policies, procedures, and internal controls designed to ensure... program reasonably designed to prevent the operator of a credit card system from being used to facilitate... Designated Nationals List issued by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control; (C) A person located in, or...

  3. 31 CFR 1028.210 - Anti-money laundering programs for operators of credit card systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... minimum, the program must: (1) Incorporate policies, procedures, and internal controls designed to ensure... program reasonably designed to prevent the operator of a credit card system from being used to facilitate... Designated Nationals List issued by Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control; (C) A person located in, or...

  4. 25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

  5. 25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

  6. 25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

  7. 25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

  8. 25 CFR 542.13 - What are the minimum internal control standards for gaming machines?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... (j) Player tracking system. (1) The following standards apply if a player tracking system is utilized... image on the computer screen; (B) Comparing the customer to image on customer's picture ID; or (C...

  9. 25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software... applicable voucher system, player interface or other transaction history records to verify the validity of...

  10. 25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the accuracy of the ending balance in the pull tab control by reconciling the pull tabs on hand. (6) A.... (g) Standards for statistical reports. (1) Records shall be maintained, which include win, write (sales), and a win-to-write hold percentage as compared to the theoretical hold percentage derived from...

  11. 25 CFR 542.8 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pull tabs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... microchip reader, the reader shall be tested periodically to determine that it is correctly reading the bar code or microchip. (iii) If the electronic equipment returns a voucher or a payment slip to the player...

  12. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3T - Minimum age and service conditions (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). 1.410(a)-3T Section 1.410(a)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE... Plans, Etc. § 1.410(a)-3T Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). (a) [Reserved] (b) Special...

  13. 16 CFR 314.4 - Elements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... program. (b) Identify reasonably foreseeable internal and external risks to the security, confidentiality... in place to control these risks. At a minimum, such a risk assessment should include consideration of risks in each relevant area of your operations, including: (1) Employee training and management; (2...

  14. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3T - Minimum age and service conditions (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). 1.410(a)-3T Section 1.410(a)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY.... § 1.410(a)-3T Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). (a) [Reserved] (b) Special rule for plan...

  15. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3T - Minimum age and service conditions (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). 1.410(a)-3T Section 1.410(a)-3T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE.... § 1.410(a)-3T Minimum age and service conditions (temporary). (a) [Reserved] (b) Special rule for plan...

  16. 25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... access to keno balls in play. (v) Back-up keno ball inventories shall be secured in a manner to prevent... procedures that provide at least the level of control described by the standards in this section, as approved.... (4) When it is necessary to void a ticket, the void information shall be inputted in the computer and...

  17. 25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... access to keno balls in play. (v) Back-up keno ball inventories shall be secured in a manner to prevent... procedures that provide at least the level of control described by the standards in this section, as approved.... (4) When it is necessary to void a ticket, the void information shall be inputted in the computer and...

  18. 25 CFR 543.8-543.15 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 543.8-543.15 Section 543.8-543.15 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING §§ 543.8-543.15 [Reserved] ...

  19. 25 CFR 543.4-543.5 - [Reserved

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 543.4-543.5 Section 543.4-543.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING §§ 543.4-543.5 [Reserved] ...

  20. SCD 02 thermal design

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Cardoso, Humberto Pontes

    1990-01-01

    The Satelite de Coleta de Dados (SCD) 02 (Data Collection Satellite) has the following characteristics: 115 kg weight, octagonal prism shape, 1 m diameter, and 0.67 m height. Its specified orbit is nearly circular, 700 km altitude, is inclined 25 deg with respect to the equator line, and has 100 min period. The electric power is supplied by eight solar panels installed on the lateral sides of the satellite. The equipment is located on the central (both faces) and lower (internal face) panels. The satellite is spin stabilized and its attitude control is such that during its lifetime, the solar aspect angle will vary between 80 and 100 deg with respect to its spin axis. Two critical cases were selected for thermal control design purposes: Hot case (maximum solar constant, solar aspect angle equal to 100 deg, minimum eclipse time and maximum internal heat dissipation); and a passive thermal design concept was achieved and the maximum and minimum equipment operating temperatures were obtained through a 109 node finite difference mathematical model.

  1. Internal combustion engine controls for reduced exhausts contaminants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Matthews, D.R. Jr.

    1974-06-04

    An electrochemical control system for achieving optimum efficiency in the catalytic conversion of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions from internal combustion engines is described. The system automatically maintains catalyst temperature at a point for maximum pollutant conversion by adjusting ignition timing and fuel/air ratio during warm-up and subsequent operation. Ignition timing is retarded during engine warm-up to bring the catalytic converter to an efficient operating temperature within a minimum period of time. After the converter reaches a predetermined minimum temperature, the spark is advanced to within its normal operating range. A needle-valve adjustment during warm-up is employed to enrich themore » fuel/air mixture by approximately 10 percent. Following warm-up and attainment of a predetermined catalyst temperature, the needle valve is moved automatically to its normal position (e.g., a fuel/air ratio of 16:1). Although the normal lean mixture causes increased amounts of nitrogen oxide emissions, present NO/sub x/ converters appear capable of handling the increased emissions under normal operating conditions.« less

  2. Defining worthwhile and desired responses to treatment of chronic low back pain.

    PubMed

    Yelland, Michael J; Schluter, Philip J

    2006-01-01

    To describe patients' perceptions of minimum worthwhile and desired reductions in pain and disability upon commencing treatment for chronic low back pain. Descriptive study nested within a community-based randomized controlled trial on prolotherapy injections and exercises. A total of 110 participants with chronic low back pain. Interventions. Prior to treatment, participants were asked what minimum percentage reductions in pain and disability would make treatment worthwhile and what percentage reductions in pain and disability they desired with treatment. Minimum worthwhile reductions and desired reductions in pain and disability. Median (inter-quartile range) minimum worthwhile reductions were 25% (20%, 50%) for pain and 35% (20%, 50%) for disability. This compared with desired reductions of 80% (60%, 100%) for pain and 80% (50%, 100%) for disability. The internal consistency between pain and disability responses was high (Spearman's coefficient of association of 0.81 and 0.87, respectively). A significant association existed between minimum worthwhile reductions and desired reductions, but no association was found between these two factors and patient age, gender, pain severity or duration, disability, anxiety, depression, response to treatment, or treatment satisfaction. Inquiring directly about patients' expectations of reductions in pain and in disability is important in establishing realistic treatment goals and setting benchmarks for success. There is a wide disparity between the reductions that they regard as minimum worthwhile and reductions that they hope to achieve. However, there is a high internal consistency between reductions in pain and disability that they expect.

  3. Dynamics and control of detumbling a disabled spacecraft during rescue operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kaplan, M. H.

    1973-01-01

    Results of a two-year research effort on dynamics and control of detumbling a disabled spacecraft during rescue operations are summarized. Answers to several basic questions about associated techniques and hardware requirements were obtained. Specifically, efforts have included development of operational procedures, conceptual design of remotely controlled modules, feasibility of internal moving mass for stabilization, and optimal techniques for minimum-time detumbling. Results have been documented in several reports and publications.

  4. 25 CFR 543.18 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage, vault, kiosk, cash and cash...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... available upon demand for each day, shift, and drop cycle (this is not required if the system does not track..., beverage containers, etc., into and out of the cage. (j) Variances. The operation must establish, as...

  5. 25 CFR 543.18 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage, vault, kiosk, cash and cash...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... available upon demand for each day, shift, and drop cycle (this is not required if the system does not track..., beverage containers, etc., into and out of the cage. (j) Variances. The operation must establish, as...

  6. 78 FR 78256 - Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-26

    ... Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage; Correction AGENCY: Internal... 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code for the shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum... language ``for shared responsibility payment for an'' is corrected to read ``for the shared responsibility...

  7. 30 CFR 715.18 - Dams constructed of or impounding waste material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... overtopping by wind and wave action. (iii) Dams shall have minimum safety factors as follows: Case Loading... abutments shall be controlled to prevent excessive uplift pressures, internal erosion, sloughing, removal of... before construction begins. (8) All dams shall be removed and the disturbed areas regraded, revegetated...

  8. 30 CFR 715.18 - Dams constructed of or impounding waste material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... overtopping by wind and wave action. (iii) Dams shall have minimum safety factors as follows: Case Loading... abutments shall be controlled to prevent excessive uplift pressures, internal erosion, sloughing, removal of... before construction begins. (8) All dams shall be removed and the disturbed areas regraded, revegetated...

  9. 30 CFR 715.18 - Dams constructed of or impounding waste material.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... overtopping by wind and wave action. (iii) Dams shall have minimum safety factors as follows: Case Loading... abutments shall be controlled to prevent excessive uplift pressures, internal erosion, sloughing, removal of... before construction begins. (8) All dams shall be removed and the disturbed areas regraded, revegetated...

  10. 49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

  11. 25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... software upgrades, data storage media replacement, etc.). The information recorded must be used when...., draw objects and back-up draw objects); and (ii) Random number generator software. (Additional information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software...

  12. 25 CFR 543.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... software upgrades, data storage media replacement, etc.). The information recorded must be used when...., draw objects and back-up draw objects); and (ii) Random number generator software. (Additional information technology security standards can be found in § 543.16 of this part.) (2) The game software...

  13. 49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

  14. 49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

  15. 49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

  16. 25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

  17. 25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

  18. 25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

  19. 25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

  20. 25 CFR 542.15 - What are the minimum internal control standards for credit?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Documentation of authorization by a person designated by management to approve credit limits; and (v) Credit... approved by personnel designated by management. (4) Proper approval of credit extensions over ten percent... that require access and are so authorized by management; (ii) Outstanding credit instruments shall be...

  1. 25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... keno? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation and/or... restricted transaction log or computer storage media concurrently with the generation of the ticket. (3) Keno personnel shall be precluded from having access to the restricted transaction log or computer storage media...

  2. 25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... keno? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation and/or... restricted transaction log or computer storage media concurrently with the generation of the ticket. (3) Keno personnel shall be precluded from having access to the restricted transaction log or computer storage media...

  3. 49 CFR 192.490 - Direct assessment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Requirements for Corrosion Control § 192.490 Direct.... Threat Standard 1 External corrosion § 192.925 2 Internal corrosion in pipelines that transport dry gas § 192.927 Stress corrosion cracking § 192.929 1 For lines not subject to subpart O of this part, the...

  4. Collaborative study to assess the suitability of a candidate International Standard for yellow fever vaccine.

    PubMed

    Ferguson, Morag; Heath, Alan

    2004-12-01

    Yellow fever vaccines are routinely assayed by plaque assay. However, the results of these assays are then converted into mouse LD(50) using correlations/conversion factors which, in many cases, were established many years ago. The minimum required potency in WHO Recommendations is 10(3) LD(50)/dose. Thirteen participants from 8 countries participated in a collaborative study whose aim was to assess the suitability of two candidate preparations to serve as an International Standard for yellow fever vaccine. In addition, the study investigated the relationship between the mouse LD(50) test and plaque forming units with a view to updating the WHO recommendations. Plaque assays were more reproducible than mouse assays, as expected. Differences in sensitivities of plaque assays were observed between laboratories but these differences appear to be consistent within a laboratory for all samples and the expression of potency relative to the candidate standard vaccine improved the reproducibility of assays between laboratories. However, the use of potencies had little effect on the between laboratory variability in mouse LD(50) assays. There appears to be a consistent relationship between overall mean LD(50) and plaques titre for all study preparations other than sample E. The slope of the correlation curve is >1 and it would appear that 10(3) LD(50) is approximately equivalent to 10(4) plaque forming units (PFU), based on the overall means of all laboratory results. The First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine, NIBSC Code 99/616, has been established as the First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine by the Expert Committee of Biological Standards of the World Health Organisation. The International Standard has been arbitrarily assigned a potency of 10(4.5) International Units (IU) per ampoule. Manufacturers and National Control Laboratories are including the First International Standard for yellow fever vaccine in routine assays so that the minimum potency in IU of vaccines released for use and which meet the current minimum potency of 10(3) LD(50) in mouse assays, can be determined. These data will be analysed before a review of the WHO requirements, including the minimum potency per dose, is undertaken.

  5. 25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  6. 25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  7. 25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

  8. 25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  9. 25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  10. 25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  11. 25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  12. 25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  13. 25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

  14. 25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

  15. 25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

  16. 25 CFR 542.9 - What are the minimum internal control standards for card games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... games? 542.9 Section 542.9 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... card games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the card game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  17. 25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  18. 25 CFR 542.12 - What are the minimum internal control standards for table games?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... games? 542.12 Section 542.12 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN... table games? (a) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate documentation... and count. The procedures for the collection of the table game drop and the count thereof shall comply...

  19. 25 CFR 542.19 - What are the minimum internal control standards for accounting?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...; (3) Individual and statistical game records to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop by each table game, and to reflect statistical drop, statistical win, and the percentage of statistical win to statistical drop for each type of table game, by...

  20. 25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... adequately segregated and monitored to prevent error in general information technology procedures to go...

  1. 25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5) Non-information technology...

  2. 25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5) Non-information technology...

  3. 25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... prevent error in general information technology procedures to go undetected or fraud to be concealed. (5...

  4. 77 FR 77180 - Notice of Transportation Services' OMB Designation, timely return of excess transit benefits to...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Office of the Secretary of Transportation [Docket No. DOT-OST-2013... the Treasury, and stakeholder notification of the minimum internal controls AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, DOT. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: On April 27, 2012, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB...

  5. 25 CFR 542.10 - What are the minimum internal control standards for keno?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) The random number generator shall be linked to the computer system and shall directly relay the... information shall be generated by the computer system. (2) This documentation shall be restricted to... to the computer system shall be adequately restricted (i.e., passwords are changed at least quarterly...

  6. 25 CFR 542.5 - How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction? 542.5 Section 542.5 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.5 How do these regulations affect state jurisdiction? Nothing in this part...

  7. 25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

  8. 25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

  9. 25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... percentage of the handle. (b) Computer applications. For any computer applications utilized, alternate.... In case of computer failure between the pari-mutuel book and the hub, no tickets shall be manually... writer/cashier shall sign on and the computer shall document gaming operation name (or identification...

  10. 25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., collecting and recording checks returned to the gaming operation after deposit, re-deposit, and write-off... person approving the counter check transaction. (4) When traveler's checks or other guaranteed drafts... identity, including photo identification. (8) A file for customers shall be prepared prior to acceptance of...

  11. 25 CFR 542.16 - What are the minimum internal control standards for information technology?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... information technology? 542.16 Section 542.16 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE... standards for information technology? Link to an amendment published at 73 FR 60498, Oct. 10, 2008. This... adequately segregated and monitored to prevent error in general information technology procedures to go...

  12. 25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...; (ii) Gaming operation name (or identification number) and station number; (iii) Race track, race number, horse identification or event identification, as applicable; (iv) Type of bet(s), each bet amount... wagering on race events while on duty, including during break periods. (g) Computer reports standards. (1...

  13. Control Techtronics International

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    West, J.

    1995-12-31

    Polish graded coal can be burned in existing stoker boilers and meet the 1998 Air Quality standard. This is accomplished with the Control Techtronics microprocessor-based combustion controller accurately and repeatedly: (a) matching the combustion air to the coal firing rate, with continuous stack sensor feedback; (b) continuously varying the boiler`s firing rate based on output water temperature or steam pressure; (c) continuously varying the exhaust fan`s speed to maintain minimum negative pressure in the boiler`s combustion chamber; and recirculating a portion of the flue gas, at varying amounts throughout the boiler`s firing rate. Systems for five boilers have been installedmore » and are operating on MPEC`s Balicka plant in Krakow. Control Techtronics International has $10 million of U.S. Export-Import Bank funds available for similar projects throughout Poland.« less

  14. 26 CFR 1.511-4 - Minimum tax for tax preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Minimum tax for tax preferences. 1.511-4 Section 1.511-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.511-4...

  15. 26 CFR 1.511-4 - Minimum tax for tax preferences.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2011-04-01 2009-04-01 true Minimum tax for tax preferences. 1.511-4 Section 1.511-4 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Taxation of Business Income of Certain Exempt Organizations § 1.511-4...

  16. Tuberculosis in a South African prison – a transmission modelling analysis

    PubMed Central

    Johnstone-Robertson, Simon; Lawn, Stephen D; Welte, Alex; Bekker, Linda-Gail; Wood, Robin

    2015-01-01

    Background Prisons are recognised internationally as institutions with very high tuberculosis (TB) burdens where transmission is predominantly determined by contact between infectious and susceptible prisoners. A recent South African court case described the conditions under which prisoners awaiting trial were kept. With the use of these data, a mathematical model was developed to explore the interactions between incarceration conditions and TB control measures. Methods Cell dimensions, cell occupancy, lock-up time, TB incidence and treatment delays were derived from court evidence and judicial reports. Using the Wells-Riley equation and probability analyses of contact between prisoners, we estimated the current TB transmission probability within prison cells, and estimated transmission probabilities of improved levels of case finding in combination with implementation of national and international minimum standards for incarceration. Results Levels of overcrowding (230%) in communal cells and poor TB case finding result in annual TB transmission risks of 90% per annum. Implementing current national or international cell occupancy recommendations would reduce TB transmission probabilities by 30% and 50%, respectively. Improved passive case finding, modest ventilation increase or decreased lock-up time would minimally impact on transmission if introduced individually. However, active case finding together with implementation of minimum national and international standards of incarceration could reduce transmission by 50% and 94%, respectively. Conclusions Current conditions of detention for awaiting-trial prisoners are highly conducive for spread of drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB. Combinations of simple well-established scientific control measures should be implemented urgently. PMID:22272961

  17. 25 CFR 542.11 - What are the minimum internal control standards for pari-mutuel wagering?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... written. (2) Whenever a betting station is opened for wagering or turned over to a new writer/cashier, the... number), station number, the writer/cashier identifier, and the date and time. (3) A betting ticket shall...; (ii) Gaming operation name (or identification number) and station number; (iii) Race track, race...

  18. 25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... by the Tribal gaming regulatory authority, will be acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The... procedures that ensure the correct calling of numbers selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be.... For speed bingo games not verified by camera equipment, each ball drawn shall be verified by a person...

  19. 25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The functions of seller and payout verifier shall be segregated... selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be shown to a camera immediately before it is called so that it is individually displayed to all customers. For speed bingo games not verified by camera...

  20. 25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... section, as approved by the Tribal gaming regulatory authority, will be acceptable. (b) Game play... bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be shown to a camera immediately before it is called so that it is individually displayed to all customers. For speed bingo games not verified by camera equipment, each ball...

  1. 25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... by the Tribal gaming regulatory authority, will be acceptable. (b) Game play standards. (1) The... procedures that ensure the correct calling of numbers selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be.... For speed bingo games not verified by camera equipment, each ball drawn shall be verified by a person...

  2. 25 CFR 542.7 - What are the minimum internal control standards for bingo?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) Game play standards. (1) The functions of seller and payout verifier shall be segregated. Employees who... selected in the bingo game. (5) Each ball shall be shown to a camera immediately before it is called so that it is individually displayed to all customers. For speed bingo games not verified by camera...

  3. 25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... surveillance system that enable surveillance personnel to observe the table games remaining open for play and... recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the Commission upon request. (x) Video library log. A video library log, or comparable alternative procedure approved by the Tribal gaming regulatory...

  4. 25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... surveillance system that enable surveillance personnel to observe the table games remaining open for play and... recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the Commission upon request. (x) Video library log. A video library log, or comparable alternative procedure approved by the Tribal gaming regulatory...

  5. 25 CFR 543.1 - What does this part cover?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What does this part cover? 543.1 Section 543.1 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS FOR CLASS II GAMING § 543.1 What does this part cover? This part, along with §§ 542.14 through 542...

  6. 25 CFR 542.30 - What is a Tier B gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a Tier B gaming operation? 542.30 Section 542.30 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.30 What is a Tier B gaming operation? A Tier B gaming operation is one with gross...

  7. 25 CFR 542.40 - What is a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a Tier C gaming operation? 542.40 Section 542.40 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.40 What is a Tier C gaming operation? A Tier C gaming operation is one with annual...

  8. 25 CFR 542.20 - What is a Tier A gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a Tier A gaming operation? 542.20 Section 542.20 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.20 What is a Tier A gaming operation? A Tier A gaming operation is one with annual...

  9. 25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... deposit (cash, check, chips); however, (vi) Provided all of the information in paragraph (c)(2)(i) through... equivalents, chips, and tokens shall be accepted from customers for the purpose of a customer deposit. (7) The... Commission upon request. (e) Chip and token standards. The Tribal gaming regulatory authority, or the gaming...

  10. 25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... deposit (cash, check, chips); however, (vi) Provided all of the information in paragraph (c)(2)(i) through... equivalents, chips, and tokens shall be accepted from customers for the purpose of a customer deposit. (7) The... Commission upon request. (e) Chip and token standards. The Tribal gaming regulatory authority, or the gaming...

  11. 26 CFR 1.383-2 - Limitations on certain capital losses and excess credits in computing alternative minimum tax...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitations on certain capital losses and excess credits in computing alternative minimum tax. [Reserved] 1.383-2 Section 1.383-2 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Insolvency...

  12. Development and evaluation of a technique for in vivo monitoring of 60Co in human lungs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Mello, J. Q.; Lucena, E. A.; Dantas, A. L. A.; Dantas, B. M.

    2016-07-01

    60Co is a fission product of 235U and represents a risk of internal exposure of workers in nuclear power plants, especially those involved in the maintenance of potentially contaminated parts and equipment. The control of 60Co intake by inhalation can be performed through in vivo monitoring. This work describes the evaluation of a technique through the minimum detectable activity and the corresponding minimum detectable effective doses, based on biokinetic and dosimetric models of 60Co in the human body. The results allow to state that the technique is suitable either for monitoring of occupational exposures or evaluation of accidental intake.

  13. The CFHT MegaCam control system: new solutions based on PLCs, WorldFIP fieldbus and Java softwares

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rousse, Jean Y.; Boulade, Olivier; Charlot, Xavier; Abbon, P.; Aune, Stephan; Borgeaud, Pierre; Carton, Pierre-Henri; Carty, M.; Da Costa, J.; Deschamps, H.; Desforge, D.; Eppele, Dominique; Gallais, Pascal; Gosset, L.; Granelli, Remy; Gros, Michel; de Kat, Jean; Loiseau, Denis; Ritou, J. L.; Starzynski, Pierre; Vignal, Nicolas; Vigroux, Laurent G.

    2003-03-01

    MegaCam is a wide-field imaging camera built for the prime focus of the 3.6m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope. This large detector has required new approaches from the hardware up to the instrument control system software. Safe control of the three sub-systems of the instrument (cryogenics, filters and shutter), measurement of the exposure time with an accuracy of 0.1%, identification of the filters and management of the internal calibration source are the major challenges that are taken up by the control system. Another challenge is to insure all these functionalities with the minimum space available on the telescope structure for the electrical hardware and a minimum number of cables to keep the highest reliability. All these requirements have been met with a control system which different elements are linked by a WorldFip fieldbus on optical fiber. The diagnosis and remote user support will be insured with an Engineering Control System station based on software developed on Internet JAVA technologies (applets, servlets) and connected on the fieldbus.

  14. The HART II International Workshop: An Assessment of the State-of-the-Art in Comprehensive Code Prediction

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    vanderWall, Berend G.; Lim, Joon W.; Smith, Marilyn J.; Jung, Sung N.; Bailly, Joelle; Baeder, James D.; Boyd, D. Douglas, Jr.

    2013-01-01

    Significant advancements in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and their coupling with computational structural dynamics (CSD, or comprehensive codes) for rotorcraft applications have been achieved recently. Despite this, CSD codes with their engineering level of modeling the rotor blade dynamics, the unsteady sectional aerodynamics and the vortical wake are still the workhorse for the majority of applications. This is especially true when a large number of parameter variations is to be performed and their impact on performance, structural loads, vibration and noise is to be judged in an approximate yet reliable and as accurate as possible manner. In this article, the capabilities of such codes are evaluated using the HART II International Workshop database, focusing on a typical descent operating condition which includes strong blade-vortex interactions. A companion article addresses the CFD/CSD coupled approach. Three cases are of interest: the baseline case and two cases with 3/rev higher harmonic blade root pitch control (HHC) with different control phases employed. One setting is for minimum blade-vortex interaction noise radiation and the other one for minimum vibration generation. The challenge is to correctly predict the wake physics-especially for the cases with HHC-and all the dynamics, aerodynamics, modifications of the wake structure and the aero-acoustics coming with it. It is observed that the comprehensive codes used today have a surprisingly good predictive capability when they appropriately account for all of the physics involved. The minimum requirements to obtain these results are outlined.

  15. 25 CFR 542.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... trained in the use of the equipment, knowledge of the games, and house rules. (f) Each camera required by... device, the game board, and the activities of the employees responsible for drawing, calling, and entering the balls drawn or numbers selected. (j) Card games. The surveillance system shall record the...

  16. 25 CFR 542.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... trained in the use of the equipment, knowledge of the games, and house rules. (f) Each camera required by... device, the game board, and the activities of the employees responsible for drawing, calling, and entering the balls drawn or numbers selected. (j) Card games. The surveillance system shall record the...

  17. 25 CFR 542.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... trained in the use of the equipment, knowledge of the games, and house rules. (f) Each camera required by... device, the game board, and the activities of the employees responsible for drawing, calling, and entering the balls drawn or numbers selected. (j) Card games. The surveillance system shall record the...

  18. 25 CFR 542.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... trained in the use of the equipment, knowledge of the games, and house rules. (f) Each camera required by... device, the game board, and the activities of the employees responsible for drawing, calling, and entering the balls drawn or numbers selected. (j) Card games. The surveillance system shall record the...

  19. 25 CFR 542.23 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... trained in the use of the equipment, knowledge of the games, and house rules. (f) Each camera required by... device, the game board, and the activities of the employees responsible for drawing, calling, and entering the balls drawn or numbers selected. (j) Card games. The surveillance system shall record the...

  20. 25 CFR 542.14 - What are the minimum internal control standards for the cage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the cage shall be recorded on a cage accountability form on a per-shift basis. (6) Only cash, cash... identity, including photo identification. (8) A file for customers shall be prepared prior to acceptance of... cage shall be summarized on a cage accountability form on a per shift basis and shall be supported by...

  1. 25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  2. 25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  3. 25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

  4. 25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  5. 25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  6. 25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  7. 25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  8. 25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

  9. 25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

  10. 25 CFR 542.21 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier A gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the...) Alternatively, a smart bucket system that electronically identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and...

  11. 25 CFR 542.41 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier C gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  12. 25 CFR 542.31 - What are the minimum internal control standards for drop and count for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Alternatively, it may be adequately secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain... secured (e.g., locked container to which only accounting personnel can gain access) until retrieved by the... identifies and tracks the gaming machine number, and facilitates the proper recognition of gaming revenue...

  13. 25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the Commission upon request. (x) Video library log. A... events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed date and time shall not significantly obstruct... each gaming machine change booth. (w) Video recording and/or digital record retention. (1) All video...

  14. 25 CFR 542.33 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... capability to display the date and time of recorded events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed... digital record retention. (1) All video recordings and/or digital records of coverage provided by the.... (3) Duly authenticated copies of video recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the...

  15. 25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the Commission upon request. (x) Video library log. A... events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed date and time shall not significantly obstruct... each gaming machine change booth. (w) Video recording and/or digital record retention. (1) All video...

  16. 25 CFR 542.43 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for a Tier C gaming operation?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the Commission upon request. (x) Video library log. A... events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed date and time shall not significantly obstruct... each gaming machine change booth. (w) Video recording and/or digital record retention. (1) All video...

  17. 25 CFR 542.33 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... capability to display the date and time of recorded events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed... digital record retention. (1) All video recordings and/or digital records of coverage provided by the.... (3) Duly authenticated copies of video recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the...

  18. 25 CFR 542.33 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... capability to display the date and time of recorded events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed... digital record retention. (1) All video recordings and/or digital records of coverage provided by the.... (3) Duly authenticated copies of video recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the...

  19. 25 CFR 542.33 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... capability to display the date and time of recorded events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed... digital record retention. (1) All video recordings and/or digital records of coverage provided by the.... (3) Duly authenticated copies of video recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the...

  20. 25 CFR 542.33 - What are the minimum internal control standards for surveillance for Tier B gaming operations?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... capability to display the date and time of recorded events on video and/or digital recordings. The displayed... digital record retention. (1) All video recordings and/or digital records of coverage provided by the.... (3) Duly authenticated copies of video recordings and/or digital records shall be provided to the...

  1. Effects of a 6-week junior tennis conditioning program on service velocity.

    PubMed

    Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime; Ellenbecker, Todd; Sanz-Rivas, David; Ulbricht, Alexander; Ferrautia, Alexander

    2013-01-01

    This study examined the effects of a 6-week strength-training program on serve velocity in youth tennis players. Thirty competitive healthy and nationally ranked male junior tennis players (13 years of age) were randomly and equally divided into control and training groups. The training group performed 3 sessions (60-70 min) weekly for 6 weeks, comprising core strength, elastic resistance and medicine ball exercises. Both groups (control and training) also performed a supervised stretching routine at the end of each training session, during the 6 week intervention. Service velocity, service accuracy and shoulder internal/external rotation were assessed initially and at the end of the 6-week conditioning program for both, control and training groups. There was a significant improvement in the serve velocity for the training group (p = 0. 0001) after the intervention, whereas in the control group there were no differences between pre and post-tests (p = 0.29). Serve accuracy was not affected in the training group (p = 0.10), nor in the control group (p = 0.15). Shoulder internal/external rotation ROM significantly improved in both groups, training (p = 0.001) and control (p = 0.0001). The present results showed that a short- term training program for young tennis players, using minimum equipment and effort, can result in improved tennis performance (i.e., serve velocity) and a reduction in the risk of a possible overuse injury, reflected by an improvement in shoulder external/internal range of motion. Key PointsA short-term training program for young tennis players, using minimum equipment and effort, can result in improved tennis performance and a reduction in the risk of a possible overuse injury, reflected by an improvement in shoulder external/internal range of motionA combination of core stabilization, elastic resistance exercises, and upper body plyometric exercises (i.e., medicine ball throws), focussing on the primary muscle groups and stabilizers involved in tennis specific movement patterns, could be appropriate for development tennis playersStretching exercises are recommended in the cool-down phase following matches or training sessions.

  2. Effects of A 6-Week Junior Tennis Conditioning Program on Service Velocity

    PubMed Central

    Fernandez-Fernandez, Jaime; Ellenbecker, Todd; Sanz-Rivas, david; Ulbricht, Alexander; Ferrautia, lexander

    2013-01-01

    This study examined the effects of a 6-week strength-training program on serve velocity in youth tennis players. Thirty competitive healthy and nationally ranked male junior tennis players (13 years of age) were randomly and equally divided into control and training groups. The training group performed 3 sessions (60-70 min) weekly for 6 weeks, comprising core strength, elastic resistance and medicine ball exercises. Both groups (control and training) also performed a supervised stretching routine at the end of each training session, during the 6 week intervention. Service velocity, service accuracy and shoulder internal/external rotation were assessed initially and at the end of the 6-week conditioning program for both, control and training groups. There was a significant improvement in the serve velocity for the training group (p = 0. 0001) after the intervention, whereas in the control group there were no differences between pre and post-tests (p = 0.29). Serve accuracy was not affected in the training group (p = 0.10), nor in the control group (p = 0.15). Shoulder internal/external rotation ROM significantly improved in both groups, training (p = 0.001) and control (p = 0.0001). The present results showed that a short- term training program for young tennis players, using minimum equipment and effort, can result in improved tennis performance (i.e., serve velocity) and a reduction in the risk of a possible overuse injury, reflected by an improvement in shoulder external/internal range of motion. Key Points A short-term training program for young tennis players, using minimum equipment and effort, can result in improved tennis performance and a reduction in the risk of a possible overuse injury, reflected by an improvement in shoulder external/internal range of motion A combination of core stabilization, elastic resistance exercises, and upper body plyometric exercises (i.e., medicine ball throws), focussing on the primary muscle groups and stabilizers involved in tennis specific movement patterns, could be appropriate for development tennis players Stretching exercises are recommended in the cool-down phase following matches or training sessions. PMID:24149801

  3. 26 CFR 1.410(b)-6 - Excludable employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... section are applied by treating all plans in the testing group as a single plan. (b) Minimum age and... greatest permissible minimum age and service requirement because the ratio percentage of that group of...)-6 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX...

  4. Realizing actual feedback control of complex network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tu, Chengyi; Cheng, Yuhua

    2014-06-01

    In this paper, we present the concept of feedbackability and how to identify the Minimum Feedbackability Set of an arbitrary complex directed network. Furthermore, we design an estimator and a feedback controller accessing one MFS to realize actual feedback control, i.e. control the system to our desired state according to the estimated system internal state from the output of estimator. Last but not least, we perform numerical simulations of a small linear time-invariant dynamics network and a real simple food network to verify the theoretical results. The framework presented here could make an arbitrary complex directed network realize actual feedback control and deepen our understanding of complex systems.

  5. 26 CFR 1.55-1 - Alternative minimum taxable income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Alternative minimum taxable income. 1.55-1... TAXES Tax Surcharge § 1.55-1 Alternative minimum taxable income. (a) General rule for computing alternative minimum taxable income. Except as otherwise provided by statute, regulations, or other published...

  6. Minimum Essential Requirements and Standards in Medical Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wojtczak, Andrzej; Schwarz, M. Roy

    2000-01-01

    Reviews the definition of standards in general, and proposes a definition of standards and global minimum essential requirements for use in medical education. Aims to serve as a tool for the improvement of quality and international comparisons of basic medical programs. Explains the IIME (Institute for International Medical Education) project…

  7. 26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-4 - Minimum investment of lessor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Minimum investment of lessor. 5c.168(f)(8)-4....168(f)(8)-4 Minimum investment of lessor. (a) Minimum investment. Under section 168(f)(8)(B)(ii), an... has a minimum at risk investment which, at the time the property is placed in service under the lease...

  8. 26 CFR 5c.168(f)(8)-4 - Minimum investment of lessor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 14 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Minimum investment of lessor. 5c.168(f)(8)-4....168(f)(8)-4 Minimum investment of lessor. (a) Minimum investment. Under section 168(f)(8)(B)(ii), an... has a minimum at risk investment which, at the time the property is placed in service under the lease...

  9. Proposed regulations submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency to the FAA: moise abatement minimum altitudes for turbojet-powered airplanes in terminal areas; turbojet-powered airplanes. Decision not to prescribe requlations: delayed landing flap procedure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1976-11-29

    The Federal Aviation Administration has determined not to prescribe the proposed amendment to the FAA Regulations as submitted by the Environmental Protection Agency (40 F.R. 1072) on January 6, 1975, regarding noise abatement minimum altitudes for civil turbojet-powered airplanes. Instead, an internal directive is being issued aimed at the air traffic control function, which is designed to firmly integrate safety, fuel conservation, and noise abatement objectives into a single national program. It provides the flexibility needed to allow and encourage change with experience. (PCS)

  10. 14 CFR 25.149 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 25.149 Section 25... Minimum control speed. (a) In establishing the minimum control speeds required by this section, the method... prevent a heading change of more than 20 degrees. (e) VMCG, the minimum control speed on the ground, is...

  11. 14 CFR 25.149 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 25.149 Section 25... Minimum control speed. (a) In establishing the minimum control speeds required by this section, the method... prevent a heading change of more than 20 degrees. (e) VMCG, the minimum control speed on the ground, is...

  12. 25 CFR 542.18 - How does a gaming operation apply for a variance from the standards of the part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How does a gaming operation apply for a variance from the standards of the part? 542.18 Section 542.18 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR HUMAN SERVICES MINIMUM INTERNAL CONTROL STANDARDS § 542.18 How does a gaming operation apply for a...

  13. An Open-Source Arduino-based Controller for Mechanical Rain Simulators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cantilina, K. K.

    2017-12-01

    Many commercial rain simulators currently used in hydrology rely on inflexible and outdated controller designs. These analog controllers typically only allow a handful of discrete parameter options, and do not support internal timing functions or continuously-changing parameters. A desire for finer control of rain simulation events necessitated the design and construction of a microcontroller-based controller, using widely available off-the-shelf components. A menu driven interface allows users to fine-tune simulation parameters without the need for training or experience with microcontrollers, and the accessibility of the Arduino IDE allows users with a minimum of programming and hardware experience to modify the controller program to suit the needs of individual experiments.

  14. Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart

    MedlinePlus

    ... Administrative Forms Standard Forms Skip Navigation Z7_0Q0619C0JGR010IFST1G5B10H1 Web Content Viewer (JSR 286) Actions ${title} Loading... / Topics / ... Chart / Safe Minimum Internal Temperature Chart Z7_0Q0619C0JGR010IFST1G5B10H3 Web Content Viewer (JSR 286) Actions ${title} Loading... Z7_ ...

  15. 14 CFR 23.1513 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 23.1513 Section 23.1513 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Information § 23.1513 Minimum control speed. The minimum control speed V MC, determined under § 23.149, must...

  16. 14 CFR 23.1513 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 23.1513 Section 23.1513 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Information § 23.1513 Minimum control speed. The minimum control speed V MC, determined under § 23.149, must...

  17. 14 CFR 25.1513 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 25.1513 Section 25.1513 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Limitations § 25.1513 Minimum control speed. The minimum control speed V MC determined under § 25.149 must be...

  18. 14 CFR 25.1513 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 25.1513 Section 25.1513 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION AIRCRAFT... Limitations § 25.1513 Minimum control speed. The minimum control speed V MC determined under § 25.149 must be...

  19. 26 CFR 404.6334(d)-1 - Minimum exemption from levy for wages, salary, or other income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 18 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Minimum exemption from levy for wages, salary... ADMINISTRATION UNDER THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1976 § 404.6334(d)-1 Minimum exemption from levy for wages, salary, or... period. Paragraph (c) of this section contains rules relating to the minimum amount of wages, salary, or...

  20. 26 CFR 1.904(b)-2 - Special rules for application of section 904(b) to alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) to alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit. 1.904(b)-2 Section 1.904(b)-2 Internal Revenue... alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit. (a) Application of section 904(b)(2)(B) adjustments. Section 904(b)(2)(B) shall apply for purposes of determining the alternative minimum tax foreign tax credit under...

  1. 77 FR 14321 - Modifications to Minimum Present Value Requirements for Partial Annuity Distribution Options...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-09

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-110980-10] RIN 1545-BJ55 Modifications to Minimum Present Value Requirements for Partial Annuity Distribution Options Under Defined... FR 5454), providing guidance relating to the minimum present value requirements applicable to certain...

  2. Minimum energy control and optimal-satisfactory control of Boolean control network

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Fangfei; Lu, Xiwen

    2013-12-01

    In the literatures, to transfer the Boolean control network from the initial state to the desired state, the expenditure of energy has been rarely considered. Motivated by this, this Letter investigates the minimum energy control and optimal-satisfactory control of Boolean control network. Based on the semi-tensor product of matrices and Floyd's algorithm, minimum energy, constrained minimum energy and optimal-satisfactory control design for Boolean control network are given respectively. A numerical example is presented to illustrate the efficiency of the obtained results.

  3. Control of large flexible spacecraft by the independent modal-space control method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Meirovitch, L.; Shenar, J.

    1984-01-01

    The problem of control of a large-order flexible structure in the form of a plate-like lattice by the Independent Modal-Space Control (IMSC) method is presented. The equations of motion are first transformed to the modal space, thus obtaining internal (plant) decoupling of the system. Then, the control laws are designed in the modal space for each mode separately, so that the modal equations of motion are rendered externally (controller) decoupled. This complete decoupling applies both to rigid-body modes and elastic modes. The application of linear optimal control, in conjunction with a quadratic performance index, is first reviewed. A solution for high-order systems is proposed here by the IMSC method, whereby the problem is reduced to a number of modal minimum-fuel problems for the controlled modes.

  4. What could a strengthened right to health bring to the post-2015 health development agenda?: interrogating the role of the minimum core concept in advancing essential global health needs.

    PubMed

    Forman, Lisa; Ooms, Gorik; Chapman, Audrey; Friedman, Eric; Waris, Attiya; Lamprea, Everaldo; Mulumba, Moses

    2013-12-01

    Global health institutions increasingly recognize that the right to health should guide the formulation of replacement goals for the Millennium Development Goals, which expire in 2015. However, the right to health's contribution is undercut by the principle of progressive realization, which links provision of health services to available resources, permitting states to deny even basic levels of health coverage domestically and allowing international assistance for health to remain entirely discretionary. To prevent progressive realization from undermining both domestic and international responsibilities towards health, international human rights law institutions developed the idea of non-derogable "minimum core" obligations to provide essential health services. While minimum core obligations have enjoyed some uptake in human rights practice and scholarship, their definition in international law fails to specify which health services should fall within their scope, or to specify wealthy country obligations to assist poorer countries. These definitional gaps undercut the capacity of minimum core obligations to protect essential health needs against inaction, austerity and illegitimate trade-offs in both domestic and global action. If the right to health is to effectively advance essential global health needs in these contexts, weaknesses within the minimum core concept must be resolved through innovative research on social, political and legal conceptualizations of essential health needs. We believe that if the minimum core concept is strengthened in these ways, it will produce a more feasible and grounded conception of legally prioritized health needs that could assist in advancing health equity, including by providing a framework rooted in legal obligations to guide the formulation of new health development goals, providing a baseline of essential health services to be protected as a matter of right against governmental claims of scarcity and inadequate international assistance, and empowering civil society to claim fulfillment of their essential health needs from domestic and global decision-makers.

  5. What could a strengthened right to health bring to the post-2015 health development agenda?: interrogating the role of the minimum core concept in advancing essential global health needs

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Global health institutions increasingly recognize that the right to health should guide the formulation of replacement goals for the Millennium Development Goals, which expire in 2015. However, the right to health’s contribution is undercut by the principle of progressive realization, which links provision of health services to available resources, permitting states to deny even basic levels of health coverage domestically and allowing international assistance for health to remain entirely discretionary. Discussion To prevent progressive realization from undermining both domestic and international responsibilities towards health, international human rights law institutions developed the idea of non-derogable “minimum core” obligations to provide essential health services. While minimum core obligations have enjoyed some uptake in human rights practice and scholarship, their definition in international law fails to specify which health services should fall within their scope, or to specify wealthy country obligations to assist poorer countries. These definitional gaps undercut the capacity of minimum core obligations to protect essential health needs against inaction, austerity and illegitimate trade-offs in both domestic and global action. If the right to health is to effectively advance essential global health needs in these contexts, weaknesses within the minimum core concept must be resolved through innovative research on social, political and legal conceptualizations of essential health needs. Summary We believe that if the minimum core concept is strengthened in these ways, it will produce a more feasible and grounded conception of legally prioritized health needs that could assist in advancing health equity, including by providing a framework rooted in legal obligations to guide the formulation of new health development goals, providing a baseline of essential health services to be protected as a matter of right against governmental claims of scarcity and inadequate international assistance, and empowering civil society to claim fulfillment of their essential health needs from domestic and global decision-makers. PMID:24289096

  6. Sequence-dependent rotation axis changes and interaction torque use in overarm throwing.

    PubMed

    Hansen, Clint; Rezzoug, Nasser; Gorce, Philippe; Venture, Gentiane; Isableu, Brice

    2016-01-01

    We examined the role of rotation axes during an overarm throwing task. Participants performed such task and were asked to throw a ball at maximal velocity at a target. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the minimum inertia axis would be exploited during the throwing phases, a time when internal-external rotations of the shoulder are particularly important. A motion capture system was used to evaluate the performance and to compute the potential axes of rotation (minimum inertia axis, shoulder-centre of mass axis and the shoulder-elbow axis). More specifically, we investigated whether a velocity-dependent change in rotational axes can be observed in the different throwing phases and whether the control obeys the principle of minimum inertia resistance. Our results showed that the limbs' rotational axis mainly coincides with the minimum inertia axis during the cocking phase and with the shoulder-elbow axis during the acceleration phase. Besides these rotation axes changes, the use of interaction torque is also sequence-dependent. The sequence-dependent rotation axes changes associated with the use of interaction torque during the acceleration phase could be a key factor in the production of hand velocity at ball release.

  7. A basis for translational cancer research on aetiology, pathogenesis and prognosis: Guideline for standardised and population-based linkages of biobanks to cancer registries.

    PubMed

    Dillner, Joakim

    2015-06-01

    Population-based cancer research is paramount for controlling cancer. Cancer research is increasingly dependent on access to biospecimens from subjects that have been followed-up for future health outcomes. This is achieved using longitudinal follow-up of cohorts and biobanks using cancer registry linkages. All over the world, more and more large population-based cohorts and advanced biobanking facilities are established. International standardisation and networking in the linkage of cohorts and biobanks to cancer registries is required in order to enable international cancer research and comparability of research results. An international operating procedure and standard minimum dataset for linkages of biobanks, cohorts and cancer registries is proposed. An internationally comparable provision of well characterised study bases for molecular cancer research will be an essential prerequisite for the success of translational medicine. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Development of an internationally agreed minimal dataset for juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) for clinical and research use.

    PubMed

    McCann, Liza J; Kirkham, Jamie J; Wedderburn, Lucy R; Pilkington, Clarissa; Huber, Adam M; Ravelli, Angelo; Appelbe, Duncan; Williamson, Paula R; Beresford, Michael W

    2015-06-12

    Juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) is a rare autoimmune inflammatory disorder associated with significant morbidity and mortality. International collaboration is necessary to better understand the pathogenesis of the disease, response to treatment and long-term outcome. To aid international collaboration, it is essential to have a core set of data that all researchers and clinicians collect in a standardised way for clinical purposes and for research. This should include demographic details, diagnostic data and measures of disease activity, investigations and treatment. Variables in existing clinical registries have been compared to produce a provisional data set for JDM. We now aim to develop this into a consensus-approved minimum core dataset, tested in a wider setting, with the objective of achieving international agreement. A two-stage bespoke Delphi-process will engage the opinion of a large number of key stakeholders through Email distribution via established international paediatric rheumatology and myositis organisations. This, together with a formalised patient/parent participation process will help inform a consensus meeting of international experts that will utilise a nominal group technique (NGT). The resulting proposed minimal dataset will be tested for feasibility within existing database infrastructures. The developed minimal dataset will be sent to all internationally representative collaborators for final comment. The participants of the expert consensus group will be asked to draw together these comments, ratify and 'sign off' the final minimal dataset. An internationally agreed minimal dataset has the potential to significantly enhance collaboration, allow effective communication between groups, provide a minimal standard of care and enable analysis of the largest possible number of JDM patients to provide a greater understanding of this disease. The final approved minimum core dataset could be rapidly incorporated into national and international collaborative efforts, including existing prospective databases, and be available for use in randomised controlled trials and for treatment/protocol comparisons in cohort studies.

  9. The challenge of regional accents for aviation English language proficiency standards: a study of difficulties in understanding in air traffic control-pilot communications.

    PubMed

    Tiewtrakul, T; Fletcher, S R

    2010-02-01

    Although English has been the international aviation language since 1951, formal language proficiency testing for key aviation personnel has only recently been implemented by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO). It aims to ensure minimum acceptable levels of English pronunciation and comprehension universally, but does not attend to particular regional dialect difficulties. However, evidence suggests that voice transmissions between air traffic controllers and pilots are a particular problem in international airspace and that pilots may not understand messages due to the influence of different accents when using English. This study explores the potential impact of 'non-native English' in pilot-air traffic control transmissions using a 'conversation analysis' technique to examine approach phase recordings from Bangkok International Airport. Results support that communication errors, defined by incidents of pilots not understanding, occur significantly more often when speakers are both non-native English, messages are more complex and when numerical information is involved. These results and their possible implications are discussed with reference to the development of ICAO's new language proficiency standards. Statement of Relevance: This study builds on previous work and literature, providing further evidence to show that the risks caused by language and linguistics in aviation must be explored more deeply. Findings are particularly contemporary and relevant today, indicating that recently implemented international standards would benefit from further exploratory research and development.

  10. 26 CFR 1.412(c)(1)-3 - Applying the minimum funding requirements to restored plans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applying the minimum funding requirements to..., Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.412(c)(1)-3 Applying the minimum funding requirements to restored plans. (a) In general—(1) Restoration method. The restoration method is a funding method that adapts the...

  11. Minimum data requirement for neural networks based on power spectral density analysis.

    PubMed

    Deng, Jiamei; Maass, Bastian; Stobart, Richard

    2012-04-01

    One of the most critical challenges ahead for diesel engines is to identify new techniques for fuel economy improvement without compromising emissions regulations. One technique is the precise control of air/fuel ratio, which requires the measurement of instantaneous fuel consumption. Measurement accuracy and repeatability for fuel rate is the key to successfully controlling the air/fuel ratio and real-time measurement of fuel consumption. The volumetric and gravimetric measurement principles are well-known methods for measurement of fuel consumption in internal combustion engines. However, the fuel flow rate measured by these methods is not suitable for either real-time control or real-time measurement purposes because of the intermittent nature of the measurements. This paper describes a technique that can be used to find the minimum data [consisting of data from just 2.5% of the non-road transient cycle (NRTC)] to solve the problem concerning discontinuous data of fuel flow rate measured using an AVL 733S fuel meter for a medium or heavy-duty diesel engine using neural networks. Only torque and speed are used as the input parameters for the fuel flow rate prediction. Power density analysis is used to find the minimum amount of the data. The results show that the nonlinear autoregressive model with exogenous inputs could predict the particulate matter successfully with R(2) above 0.96 using 2.5% NRTC data with only torque and speed as inputs.

  12. The minimum control authority of a system of actuators with applications to Gravity Probe-B

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wiktor, Peter; Debra, Dan

    1991-01-01

    The forcing capabilities of systems composed of many actuators are analyzed in this paper. Multiactuator systems can generate higher forces in some directions than in others. Techniques are developed to find the force in the weakest direction. This corresponds to the worst-case output and is defined as the 'minimum control authority'. The minimum control authority is a function of three things: the actuator configuration, the actuator controller and the way in which the output of the system is limited. Three output limits are studied: (1) fuel-flow rate, (2) power, and (3) actuator output. The three corresponding actuator controllers are derived. These controllers generate the desired force while minimizing either fuel flow rate, power or actuator output. It is shown that using the optimal controller can substantially increase the minimum control authority. The techniques for calculating the minimum control authority are applied to the Gravity Probe-B spacecraft thruster system. This example shows that the minimum control authority can be used to design the individual actuators, choose actuator configuration, actuator controller, and study redundancy.

  13. Low-noise encoding of active touch by layer 4 in the somatosensory cortex.

    PubMed

    Hires, Samuel Andrew; Gutnisky, Diego A; Yu, Jianing; O'Connor, Daniel H; Svoboda, Karel

    2015-08-06

    Cortical spike trains often appear noisy, with the timing and number of spikes varying across repetitions of stimuli. Spiking variability can arise from internal (behavioral state, unreliable neurons, or chaotic dynamics in neural circuits) and external (uncontrolled behavior or sensory stimuli) sources. The amount of irreducible internal noise in spike trains, an important constraint on models of cortical networks, has been difficult to estimate, since behavior and brain state must be precisely controlled or tracked. We recorded from excitatory barrel cortex neurons in layer 4 during active behavior, where mice control tactile input through learned whisker movements. Touch was the dominant sensorimotor feature, with >70% spikes occurring in millisecond timescale epochs after touch onset. The variance of touch responses was smaller than expected from Poisson processes, often reaching the theoretical minimum. Layer 4 spike trains thus reflect the millisecond-timescale structure of tactile input with little noise.

  14. Reliable detection of Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis by using multiplex qPCR including internal controls for nucleic acid extraction and amplification.

    PubMed

    Janse, Ingmar; Hamidjaja, Raditijo A; Bok, Jasper M; van Rotterdam, Bart J

    2010-12-08

    Several pathogens could seriously affect public health if not recognized timely. To reduce the impact of such highly pathogenic micro-organisms, rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are needed for their detection in various samples, including environmental samples. Multiplex real-time PCRs were designed for rapid and reliable detection of three major pathogens that have the potential to cause high morbidity and mortality in humans: B. anthracis, F. tularensis and Y. pestis. The developed assays detect three pathogen-specific targets, including at least one chromosomal target, and one target from B. thuringiensis which is used as an internal control for nucleic acid extraction from refractory spores as well as successful DNA amplification. Validation of the PCRs showed a high analytical sensitivity, specificity and coverage of diverse pathogen strains. The multiplex qPCR assays that were developed allow the rapid detection of 3 pathogen-specific targets simultaneously, without compromising sensitivity. The application of B. thuringiensis spores as internal controls further reduces false negative results. This ensures highly reliable detection, while template consumption and laboratory effort are kept at a minimum.

  15. Reliable detection of Bacillus anthracis, Francisella tularensis and Yersinia pestis by using multiplex qPCR including internal controls for nucleic acid extraction and amplification

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Background Several pathogens could seriously affect public health if not recognized timely. To reduce the impact of such highly pathogenic micro-organisms, rapid and accurate diagnostic tools are needed for their detection in various samples, including environmental samples. Results Multiplex real-time PCRs were designed for rapid and reliable detection of three major pathogens that have the potential to cause high morbidity and mortality in humans: B. anthracis, F. tularensis and Y. pestis. The developed assays detect three pathogen-specific targets, including at least one chromosomal target, and one target from B. thuringiensis which is used as an internal control for nucleic acid extraction from refractory spores as well as successful DNA amplification. Validation of the PCRs showed a high analytical sensitivity, specificity and coverage of diverse pathogen strains. Conclusions The multiplex qPCR assays that were developed allow the rapid detection of 3 pathogen-specific targets simultaneously, without compromising sensitivity. The application of B. thuringiensis spores as internal controls further reduces false negative results. This ensures highly reliable detection, while template consumption and laboratory effort are kept at a minimum PMID:21143837

  16. 26 CFR 1.412(c)(1)-3T - Applying the minimum funding requirements to restored plans (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Applying the minimum funding requirements to...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.412(c)(1)-3T Applying the minimum funding requirements to restored plans (temporary). (a) In general—(1) Restoration method. The restoration method is a funding method...

  17. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3 - Minimum age and service conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Minimum age and service conditions. 1.410(a)-3...(a)-3 Minimum age and service conditions. (a) General rule. Except as provided by paragraph (b) or (c... of— (1) Age 25. The date on which the employee attains the age of 25; or (2) One year of service. The...

  18. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3 - Minimum age and service conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Minimum age and service conditions. 1.410(a)-3...(a)-3 Minimum age and service conditions. (a) General rule. Except as provided by paragraph (b) or (c... of— (1) Age 25. The date on which the employee attains the age of 25; or (2) One year of service. The...

  19. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3 - Minimum age and service conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Minimum age and service conditions. 1.410(a)-3...(a)-3 Minimum age and service conditions. (a) General rule. Except as provided by paragraph (b) or (c... of— (1) Age 25. The date on which the employee attains the age of 25; or (2) One year of service. The...

  20. 26 CFR 1.410(a)-3 - Minimum age and service conditions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Minimum age and service conditions. 1.410(a)-3...(a)-3 Minimum age and service conditions. (a) General rule. Except as provided by paragraph (b) or (c... of— (1) Age 25. The date on which the employee attains the age of 25; or (2) One year of service. The...

  1. 26 CFR 1.401(a)(9)-6 - Required minimum distributions for defined benefit plans and annuity contracts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Required minimum distributions for defined...-Sharing, Stock Bonus Plans, Etc. § 1.401(a)(9)-6 Required minimum distributions for defined benefit plans and annuity contracts. Q-1. How must distributions under a defined benefit plan be paid in order to...

  2. Optimization Strategies for Bruch's Membrane Opening Minimum Rim Area Calculation: Sequential versus Simultaneous Minimization.

    PubMed

    Enders, Philip; Adler, Werner; Schaub, Friederike; Hermann, Manuel M; Diestelhorst, Michael; Dietlein, Thomas; Cursiefen, Claus; Heindl, Ludwig M

    2017-10-24

    To compare a simultaneously optimized continuous minimum rim surface parameter between Bruch's membrane opening (BMO) and the internal limiting membrane to the standard sequential minimization used for calculating the BMO minimum rim area in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT). In this case-control, cross-sectional study, 704 eyes of 445 participants underwent SD-OCT of the optic nerve head (ONH), visual field testing, and clinical examination. Globally and clock-hour sector-wise optimized BMO-based minimum rim area was calculated independently. Outcome parameters included BMO-globally optimized minimum rim area (BMO-gMRA) and sector-wise optimized BMO-minimum rim area (BMO-MRA). BMO area was 1.89 ± 0.05 mm 2 . Mean global BMO-MRA was 0.97 ± 0.34 mm 2 , mean global BMO-gMRA was 1.01 ± 0.36 mm 2 . Both parameters correlated with r = 0.995 (P < 0.001); mean difference was 0.04 mm 2 (P < 0.001). In all sectors, parameters differed by 3.0-4.2%. In receiver operating characteristics, the calculated area under the curve (AUC) to differentiate glaucoma was 0.873 for BMO-MRA, compared to 0.866 for BMO-gMRA (P = 0.004). Among ONH sectors, the temporal inferior location showed the highest AUC. Optimization strategies to calculate BMO-based minimum rim area led to significantly different results. Imposing an additional adjacency constraint within calculation of BMO-MRA does not improve diagnostic power. Global and temporal inferior BMO-MRA performed best in differentiating glaucoma patients.

  3. Multidisciplinary design integration system for a supersonic transport aircraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dovi, A. R.; Wrenn, G. A.; Barthelemy, J.-F. M.; Coen, P. G.; Hall, L. E.

    1992-01-01

    An aircraft preliminary design system which provides the multidisciplinary communications and couplings between several engineering disciplines is described. A primary benefit of this system is to demonstrate advanced technology multidisciplinary design integration methodologies. The current version includes the disciplines of aerodynamics and structures. Contributing engineering disciplines are coupled using the Global Sensitivity Equation approach to influence the global design optimization problem. A high speed civil transport configuration is used for configuration trade studies. Forty four independent design variables are used to control the cross-sectional areas of wing rib and spar caps and the thicknesses of wingskincover panels. A total of 300 stress, strain, buckling and displacement behavioral constraints and minimum gages on the design variables were used to optimize the idealized wing structure. The goal of the designs to resize the wing cover panels and internal structure for minimum mass.

  4. Virtual forensic entomology: improving estimates of minimum post-mortem interval with 3D micro-computed tomography.

    PubMed

    Richards, Cameron S; Simonsen, Thomas J; Abel, Richard L; Hall, Martin J R; Schwyn, Daniel A; Wicklein, Martina

    2012-07-10

    We demonstrate how micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) can be a powerful tool for describing internal and external morphological changes in Calliphora vicina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) during metamorphosis. Pupae were sampled during the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th quarter of development after the onset of pupariation at 23 °C, and placed directly into 80% ethanol for preservation. In order to find the optimal contrast, four batches of pupae were treated differently: batch one was stained in 0.5M aqueous iodine for 1 day; two for 7 days; three was tagged with a radiopaque dye; four was left unstained (control). Pupae stained for 7d in iodine resulted in the best contrast micro-CT scans. The scans were of sufficiently high spatial resolution (17.2 μm) to visualise the internal morphology of developing pharate adults at all four ages. A combination of external and internal morphological characters was shown to have the potential to estimate the age of blowfly pupae with a higher degree of accuracy and precision than using external morphological characters alone. Age specific developmental characters are described. The technique could be used as a measure to estimate a minimum post-mortem interval in cases of suspicious death where pupae are the oldest stages of insect evidence collected. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Simultaneous multislice refocusing via time optimal control.

    PubMed

    Rund, Armin; Aigner, Christoph Stefan; Kunisch, Karl; Stollberger, Rudolf

    2018-02-09

    Joint design of minimum duration RF pulses and slice-selective gradient shapes for MRI via time optimal control with strict physical constraints, and its application to simultaneous multislice imaging. The minimization of the pulse duration is cast as a time optimal control problem with inequality constraints describing the refocusing quality and physical constraints. It is solved with a bilevel method, where the pulse length is minimized in the upper level, and the constraints are satisfied in the lower level. To address the inherent nonconvexity of the optimization problem, the upper level is enhanced with new heuristics for finding a near global optimizer based on a second optimization problem. A large set of optimized examples shows an average temporal reduction of 87.1% for double diffusion and 74% for turbo spin echo pulses compared to power independent number of slices pulses. The optimized results are validated on a 3T scanner with phantom measurements. The presented design method computes minimum duration RF pulse and slice-selective gradient shapes subject to physical constraints. The shorter pulse duration can be used to decrease the effective echo time in existing echo-planar imaging or echo spacing in turbo spin echo sequences. © 2018 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.

  6. 2011 NASA Lunabotics Mining Competition for Universities: Results and Lessons Learned

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mueller, Robert P.; Murphy, Gloria A.

    2011-01-01

    Overview: Design, build & compete remote controlled robot (Lunabot). Excavate Black Point 1 (BP-1) Lunar Simulant. Deposit minimum of 10 kg of BP-1 within 15 minutes $5000, $2500, $1000 Scholarships for most BP-1 excavated. May 23-28, 2011. Kennedy Space Center, FL. International Teams Allowed for the First Time. What is a Lunabot? a) Robot Controlled Remotely or Autonomously. b) Visual and Auditory Isolation from Operator. c) Excavates Black Point 1 (BP-l) Simulant. d) Weight Limit - 80 kg. e)Dimension Limits -1.5m width x .75m length x 2m height. f) Designed, Built and Tested by University Student Teams.

  7. 14 CFR 23.149 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 23.149 Section 23... Maneuverability § 23.149 Minimum control speed. (a) VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical engine is suddenly made inoperative, it is possible to maintain control of the airplane with that engine...

  8. Setting a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction in California

    PubMed Central

    Barnert, Elizabeth S.; Abrams, Laura S.; Maxson, Cheryl; Gase, Lauren; Soung, Patricia; Carroll, Paul; Bath, Eraka

    2018-01-01

    Purpose Despite the existence of minimum age laws for juvenile justice jurisdiction in 18 US states, California has no explicit law that protects children (i.e. youth less than 12 years old) from being processed in the juvenile justice system. In the absence of a minimum age law, California lags behind other states and international practice and standards. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this policy brief, academics across the University of California campuses examine current evidence, theory, and policy related to the minimum age of juvenile justice jurisdiction. Findings Existing evidence suggests that children lack the cognitive maturity to comprehend or benefit from formal juvenile justice processing, and diverting children from the system altogether is likely to be more beneficial for the child and for public safety. Research limitations/implications Based on current evidence and theory, the authors argue that minimum age legislation that protects children from contact with the juvenile justice system and treats them as children in need of services and support, rather than as delinquents or criminals, is an important policy goal for California and for other national and international jurisdictions lacking a minimum age law. Originality/value California has no law specifying a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction, meaning that young children of any age can be processed in the juvenile justice system. This policy brief provides a rationale for a minimum age law in California and other states and jurisdictions without one. Paper type Conceptual paper PMID:28299968

  9. Setting a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction in California.

    PubMed

    S Barnert, Elizabeth; S Abrams, Laura; Maxson, Cheryl; Gase, Lauren; Soung, Patricia; Carroll, Paul; Bath, Eraka

    2017-03-13

    Purpose Despite the existence of minimum age laws for juvenile justice jurisdiction in 18 US states, California has no explicit law that protects children (i.e. youth less than 12 years old) from being processed in the juvenile justice system. In the absence of a minimum age law, California lags behind other states and international practice and standards. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this policy brief, academics across the University of California campuses examine current evidence, theory, and policy related to the minimum age of juvenile justice jurisdiction. Findings Existing evidence suggests that children lack the cognitive maturity to comprehend or benefit from formal juvenile justice processing, and diverting children from the system altogether is likely to be more beneficial for the child and for public safety. Research limitations/implications Based on current evidence and theory, the authors argue that minimum age legislation that protects children from contact with the juvenile justice system and treats them as children in need of services and support, rather than as delinquents or criminals, is an important policy goal for California and for other national and international jurisdictions lacking a minimum age law. Originality/value California has no law specifying a minimum age for juvenile justice jurisdiction, meaning that young children of any age can be processed in the juvenile justice system. This policy brief provides a rationale for a minimum age law in California and other states and jurisdictions without one.

  10. Development of a Minimum Performance Standard for Lavatory Trash Receptacle Automatic Fire Extinguishers

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-02-01

    This report contains a summary of the work performed during the development of a minimum performance standard for lavatory trash receptacle automatic fire extinguishers. The developmental work was performed under the direction of the International Ha...

  11. A movable mass control system to detumble a disabled space vehicle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edwards, T. L.

    1973-01-01

    An internal autonomous control system to either completely detumble a spacecraft or lessen the tumbling motions until the rescue craft arrives is discussed. Such a device would become active upon loss of control. The development of a movable mass control system to convert the tumbling motions of a disabled vehicle into simple spin is presented. A simple spin state would greatly facilitate crew evacuation and final despinning by an external means. The system moves a control mass, according to a selected control law, in the acceleration environment created by the tumbling motion. By moving the mass properly, the rotational kinetic energy of the system may be increased or decreased creating simple spin states about the minimum or maximum moment of inertia axis, respectively. The control system is designed for the latter case due to its associated stability in the presence of perturbing forces.

  12. Multifractal Properties of Process Control Variables

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Domański, Paweł D.

    2017-06-01

    Control system is an inevitable element of any industrial installation. Its quality affects overall process performance significantly. The assessment, whether control system needs any improvement or not, requires relevant and constructive measures. There are various methods, like time domain based, Minimum Variance, Gaussian and non-Gaussian statistical factors, fractal and entropy indexes. Majority of approaches use time series of control variables. They are able to cover many phenomena. But process complexities and human interventions cause effects that are hardly visible for standard measures. It is shown that the signals originating from industrial installations have multifractal properties and such an analysis may extend standard approach to further observations. The work is based on industrial and simulation data. The analysis delivers additional insight into the properties of control system and the process. It helps to discover internal dependencies and human factors, which are hardly detectable.

  13. Minimum airflow reset of single-duct VAV terminal boxes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cho, Young-Hum

    Single duct Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems are currently the most widely used type of HVAC system in the United States. When installing such a system, it is critical to determine the minimum airflow set point of the terminal box, as an optimally selected set point will improve the level of thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) while at the same time lower overall energy costs. In principle, this minimum rate should be calculated according to the minimum ventilation requirement based on ASHRAE standard 62.1 and maximum heating load of the zone. Several factors must be carefully considered when calculating this minimum rate. Terminal boxes with conventional control sequences may result in occupant discomfort and energy waste. If the minimum rate of airflow is set too high, the AHUs will consume excess fan power, and the terminal boxes may cause significant simultaneous room heating and cooling. At the same time, a rate that is too low will result in poor air circulation and indoor air quality in the air-conditioned space. Currently, many scholars are investigating how to change the algorithm of the advanced VAV terminal box controller without retrofitting. Some of these controllers have been found to effectively improve thermal comfort, indoor air quality, and energy efficiency. However, minimum airflow set points have not yet been identified, nor has controller performance been verified in confirmed studies. In this study, control algorithms were developed that automatically identify and reset terminal box minimum airflow set points, thereby improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort levels, and reducing the overall rate of energy consumption. A theoretical analysis of the optimal minimum airflow and discharge air temperature was performed to identify the potential energy benefits of resetting the terminal box minimum airflow set points. Applicable control algorithms for calculating the ideal values for the minimum airflow reset were developed and applied to actual systems for performance validation. The results of the theoretical analysis, numeric simulations, and experiments show that the optimal control algorithms can automatically identify the minimum rate of heating airflow under actual working conditions. Improved control helps to stabilize room air temperatures. The vertical difference in the room air temperature was lower than the comfort value. Measurements of room CO2 levels indicate that when the minimum airflow set point was reduced it did not adversely affect the indoor air quality. According to the measured energy results, optimal control algorithms give a lower rate of reheating energy consumption than conventional controls.

  14. Internal combustion engine report: Spark ignited ICE GenSet optimization and novel concept development

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Keller, J.; Blarigan, P. Van

    1998-08-01

    In this manuscript the authors report on two projects each of which the goal is to produce cost effective hydrogen utilization technologies. These projects are: (1) the development of an electrical generation system using a conventional four-stroke spark-ignited internal combustion engine generator combination (SI-GenSet) optimized for maximum efficiency and minimum emissions, and (2) the development of a novel internal combustion engine concept. The SI-GenSet will be optimized to run on either hydrogen or hydrogen-blends. The novel concept seeks to develop an engine that optimizes the Otto cycle in a free piston configuration while minimizing all emissions. To this end themore » authors are developing a rapid combustion homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine using a linear alternator for both power take-off and engine control. Targeted applications include stationary electrical power generation, stationary shaft power generation, hybrid vehicles, and nearly any other application now being accomplished with internal combustion engines.« less

  15. Inter-laboratory trial of a standardized sediment contact test with the aquatic plant Myriophyllum aquaticum (ISO 16191).

    PubMed

    Feiler, Ute; Ratte, Monika; Arts, Gertie; Bazin, Christine; Brauer, Frank; Casado, Carmen; Dören, Laszlo; Eklund, Britta; Gilberg, Daniel; Grote, Matthias; Gonsior, Guido; Hafner, Christoph; Kopf, Willi; Lemnitzer, Bernd; Liedtke, Anja; Matthias, Uwe; Okos, Ewa; Pandard, Pascal; Scheerbaum, Dirk; Schmitt-Jansen, Mechthild; Stewart, Kathleen; Teodorovic, Ivana; Wenzel, Andrea; Pluta, Hans-Jürgen

    2014-03-01

    A whole-sediment toxicity test with Myriophyllum aquaticum has been developed by the German Federal Institute of Hydrology and standardized within the International Organization for Standardization (ISO; ISO 16191). An international ring-test was performed to evaluate the precision of the test method. Four sediments (artificial, natural) were tested. Test duration was 10 d, and test endpoint was inhibition of growth rate (r) based on fresh weight data. Eighteen of 21 laboratories met the validity criterion of r ≥ 0.09 d(-1) in the control. Results from 4 tests that did not conform to test-performance criteria were excluded from statistical evaluation. The inter-laboratory variability of growth rates (20.6%-25.0%) and inhibition (26.6%-39.9%) was comparable with the variability of other standardized bioassays. The mean test-internal variability of the controls was low (7% [control], 9.7% [solvent control]), yielding a high discriminatory power of the given test design (median minimum detectable differences [MDD] 13% to 15%). To ensure these MDDs, an additional validity criterion of CV ≤ 15% of the growth rate in the controls was recommended. As a positive control, 90 mg 3,5-dichlorophenol/kg sediment dry mass was tested. The range of the expected growth inhibition was proposed to be 35 ± 15%. The ring test results demonstrated the reliability of the ISO 16191 toxicity test and its suitability as a tool to assess the toxicity of sediment and dredged material. © 2013 SETAC.

  16. A tool for filtering information in complex systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tumminello, M.; Aste, T.; Di Matteo, T.; Mantegna, R. N.

    2005-07-01

    We introduce a technique to filter out complex data sets by extracting a subgraph of representative links. Such a filtering can be tuned up to any desired level by controlling the genus of the resulting graph. We show that this technique is especially suitable for correlation-based graphs, giving filtered graphs that preserve the hierarchical organization of the minimum spanning tree but containing a larger amount of information in their internal structure. In particular in the case of planar filtered graphs (genus equal to 0), triangular loops and four-element cliques are formed. The application of this filtering procedure to 100 stocks in the U.S. equity markets shows that such loops and cliques have important and significant relationships with the market structure and properties. This paper was submitted directly (Track II) to the PNAS office.Abbreviations: MST, minimum spanning tree; PMFG, Planar Maximally Filtered Graph; r-clique, clique of r elements.

  17. Minimum alcohol pricing policies in practice: A critical examination of implementation in Canada.

    PubMed

    Thompson, Kara; Stockwell, Tim; Wettlaufer, Ashley; Giesbrecht, Norman; Thomas, Gerald

    2017-02-01

    There is an interest globally in using Minimum Unit Pricing (MUP) of alcohol to promote public health. Canada is the only country to have both implemented and evaluated some forms of minimum alcohol prices, albeit in ways that fall short of MUP. To inform these international debates, we describe the degree to which minimum alcohol prices in Canada meet recommended criteria for being an effective public health policy. We collected data on the implementation of minimum pricing with respect to (1) breadth of application, (2) indexation to inflation and (3) adjustments for alcohol content. Some jurisdictions have implemented recommended practices with respect to minimum prices; however, the full harm reduction potential of minimum pricing is not fully realised due to incomplete implementation. Key concerns include the following: (1) the exclusion of minimum prices for several beverage categories, (2) minimum prices below the recommended minima and (3) prices are not regularly adjusted for inflation or alcohol content. We provide recommendations for best practices when implementing minimum pricing policy.

  18. A proposed minimum data set for international primary care optometry: a modified Delphi study.

    PubMed

    Davey, Christopher J; Slade, Sarah V; Shickle, Darren

    2017-07-01

    To identify a minimum list of metrics of international relevance to public health, research and service development which can be extracted from practice management systems and electronic patient records in primary optometric practice. A two stage modified Delphi technique was used. Stage 1 categorised metrics that may be recorded as being part of a primary eye examination by their importance to research using the results from a previous survey of 40 vision science and public health academics. Delphi stage 2 then gauged the opinion of a panel of seven vision science academics and achieved consensus on contentious metrics and methods of grading/classification. A consensus regarding inclusion and response categories was achieved for nearly all metrics. A recommendation was made of 53 metrics which would be appropriate in a minimum data set. This minimum data set should be easily integrated into clinical practice yet allow vital data to be collected internationally from primary care optometry. It should not be mistaken for a clinical guideline and should not add workload to the optometrist. A pilot study incorporating an additional Delphi stage prior to implementation is advisable to refine some response categories. © 2017 The Authors. Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of College of Optometrists.

  19. 14 CFR 23.149 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 23.149 Section 23... Maneuverability § 23.149 Minimum control speed. (a) VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical... still inoperative, and thereafter maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank of...

  20. 14 CFR 23.149 - Minimum control speed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Minimum control speed. 23.149 Section 23... Maneuverability § 23.149 Minimum control speed. (a) VMC is the calibrated airspeed at which, when the critical... still inoperative, and thereafter maintain straight flight at the same speed with an angle of bank of...

  1. Minimum Knowledge and Skills Objectives for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Teaching.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    American Psychiatric Association, Hartford, CT.

    This publication brings together statements concerning the minimum knowledge and skills objectives in alcohol and other drug abuse determined by the professional organizations of six medical specialties: pediatrics; emergency medicine; obstetrics and gynecology; psychiatry; general internal medicine; and family medicine for undergraduate,…

  2. Output Feedback Adaptive Control of Non-Minimum Phase Systems Using Optimal Control Modification

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nguyen, Nhan; Hashemi, Kelley E.; Yucelen, Tansel; Arabi, Ehsan

    2018-01-01

    This paper describes output feedback adaptive control approaches for non-minimum phase SISO systems with relative degree 1 and non-strictly positive real (SPR) MIMO systems with uniform relative degree 1 using the optimal control modification method. It is well-known that the standard model-reference adaptive control (MRAC) cannot be used to control non-SPR plants to track an ideal SPR reference model. Due to the ideal property of asymptotic tracking, MRAC attempts an unstable pole-zero cancellation which results in unbounded signals for non-minimum phase SISO systems. The optimal control modification can be used to prevent the unstable pole-zero cancellation which results in a stable adaptation of non-minimum phase SISO systems. However, the tracking performance using this approach could suffer if the unstable zero is located far away from the imaginary axis. The tracking performance can be recovered by using an observer-based output feedback adaptive control approach which uses a Luenberger observer design to estimate the state information of the plant. Instead of explicitly specifying an ideal SPR reference model, the reference model is established from the linear quadratic optimal control to account for the non-minimum phase behavior of the plant. With this non-minimum phase reference model, the observer-based output feedback adaptive control can maintain stability as well as tracking performance. However, in the presence of the mismatch between the SPR reference model and the non-minimum phase plant, the standard MRAC results in unbounded signals, whereas a stable adaptation can be achieved with the optimal control modification. An application of output feedback adaptive control for a flexible wing aircraft illustrates the approaches.

  3. The provision of clearances accuracy in piston - cylinder mating

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Glukhov, V. I.; Shalay, V. V.

    2017-08-01

    The paper is aimed at increasing the quality of the pumping equipment in oil and gas industry. The main purpose of the study is to stabilize maximum values of productivity and durability of the pumping equipment based on the selective assembly of the cylinder-piston kinematic mating by optimization criterion. It is shown that the minimum clearance in the piston-cylinder mating is formed by maximum material dimensions. It is proved that maximum material dimensions are characterized by their own laws of distribution within the tolerance limits for the diameters of the cylinder internal mirror and the outer cylindrical surface of the piston. At that, their dispersion zones should be divided into size groups with a group tolerance equal to half the tolerance for the minimum clearance. The techniques for measuring the material dimensions - the smallest cylinder diameter and the largest piston diameter according to the envelope condition - are developed for sorting them into size groups. Reliable control of the dimensions precision ensures optimal minimum clearances of the piston-cylinder mating in all the size groups of the pumping equipment, necessary for increasing the equipment productivity and durability during the production, operation and repair processes.

  4. Proposal for Support of Miami Inner City Marine Summer Intern Program, Dade County.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-12-21

    employer NUMBER OF POSITIONS ONE MINIMUM AGE 16 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS * General Science * Basic knowledge of library orncedures, an interest in library ... science in helpful * Minimum Grade Point Average 3.0 DRESS REQUIREMENTS Discuss with employer JOB DESCRIPTION p. * Catalogs and files new sets of

  5. USING RESPONSES OF OYSTERS IN ESTABLISHING MINIMUM FLOWS AND LEVELS IN THE CALOOSAHATCHEE ESTUARY, FLORIDA

    EPA Science Inventory

    Volety, Aswani K., S. Gregory Tolley and James T. Winstead. 2002. Using Responses of Oysters in Establishing Minimum Flows and Levels in the Caloosahatchee Estuary, Florida (Abstract). Presented at the 6th International Conference on Shellfish Restoration, 20-24 November 2002, Ch...

  6. 25 CFR 547.13 - What are the minimum technical standards for program storage media?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... storage media? 547.13 Section 547.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR... the minimum technical standards for program storage media? (a) Removable program storage media. All removable program storage media must maintain an internal checksum or signature of its contents...

  7. 25 CFR 547.13 - What are the minimum technical standards for program storage media?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... storage media? 547.13 Section 547.13 Indians NATIONAL INDIAN GAMING COMMISSION, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR... the minimum technical standards for program storage media? (a) Removable program storage media. All removable program storage media must maintain an internal checksum or signature of its contents...

  8. Orthopaedic surgery in natural disaster and conflict settings: how can quality care be ensured?

    PubMed

    Alvarado, Oscar; Trelles, Miguel; Tayler-Smith, Katie; Joseph, Holdine; Gesline, Rodné; Wilna, Thélusma Eli; Mohammad Omar, Mohammad Karim; Faiz Mohammad, Niaz Mohammad; Muhima Mastaki, John; Chingumwa Buhu, Richard; Caluwaerts, An; Dominguez, Lynette

    2015-10-01

    Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) is one of the main providers of orthopaedic surgery in natural disaster and conflict settings and strictly imposes a minimum set of context-specific standards before any surgery can be performed. Based on MSF's experience of performing orthopaedic surgery in a number of such settings, we describe: (a) whether it was possible to implement the minimum standards for one of the more rigorous orthopaedic procedures--internal fixation--and when possible, the time frame, (b) the volume and type of interventions performed and (c) the intra-operative mortality rates and postoperative infection rates. We conducted a retrospective review of routine programme data collected between 2007 and 2014 from three MSF emergency surgical interventions in Haiti (following the 2010 earthquake) and three ongoing MSF projects in Kunduz (Afghanistan), Masisi (Democratic Republic of the Congo) and Tabarre (Haiti). The minimum standards for internal fixation were achieved in one emergency intervention site in Haiti, and in Kunduz and Tabarre, taking up to 18 months to implement in Kunduz. All sites achieved the minimum standards to perform amputations, reductions and external fixations, with a total of 9,409 orthopaedic procedures performed during the study period. Intraoperative mortality rates ranged from 0.6 to 1.9 % and postoperative infection rates from 2.4 to 3.5 %. In settings affected by natural disaster or conflict, a high volume and wide repertoire of orthopaedic surgical procedures can be performed with good outcomes when minimum standards are in place. More demanding procedures like internal fixation may not always be feasible.

  9. An Assessment of Comprehensive Code Prediction State-of-the-Art Using the HART II International Workshop Data

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    vanderWall, Berend G.; Lim, Joon W.; Smith, Marilyn J.; Jung, Sung N.; Bailly, Joelle; Baeder, James D.; Boyd, D. Douglas, Jr.

    2012-01-01

    Despite significant advancements in computational fluid dynamics and their coupling with computational structural dynamics (= CSD, or comprehensive codes) for rotorcraft applications, CSD codes with their engineering level of modeling the rotor blade dynamics, the unsteady sectional aerodynamics and the vortical wake are still the workhorse for the majority of applications. This is especially true when a large number of parameter variations is to be performed and their impact on performance, structural loads, vibration and noise is to be judged in an approximate yet reliable and as accurate as possible manner. In this paper, the capabilities of such codes are evaluated using the HART II Inter- national Workshop data base, focusing on a typical descent operating condition which includes strong blade-vortex interactions. Three cases are of interest: the baseline case and two cases with 3/rev higher harmonic blade root pitch control (HHC) with different control phases employed. One setting is for minimum blade-vortex interaction noise radiation and the other one for minimum vibration generation. The challenge is to correctly predict the wake physics - especially for the cases with HHC - and all the dynamics, aerodynamics, modifications of the wake structure and the aero-acoustics coming with it. It is observed that the comprehensive codes used today have a surprisingly good predictive capability when they appropriately account for all of the physics involved. The minimum requirements to obtain these results are outlined.

  10. Protocol for the development of a Core Outcome Set (COS) for hemorrhoidal disease: an international Delphi study.

    PubMed

    van Tol, R R; Melenhorst, J; Dirksen, C D; Stassen, L P S; Breukink, S O

    2017-07-01

    Over the last decade, many studies were performed regarding treatment options for hemorrhoidal disease. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) should have well-defined primary and secondary outcomes. However, the reported outcome measures are numerous and diverse. The heterogeneity of outcome definition in clinical trials limits transparency and paves the way for bias. The development of a core outcome set (COS) helps minimizing this problem. A COS is an agreed minimum set of outcomes that should be measured and reported in all clinical trials of a specific disease. The aim of this project is to generate a COS regarding the outcome of treatment after hemorrhoidal disease. A Delphi study will be performed by an international steering group healthcare professionals and patients with the intention to create a standard outcome set for future clinical trials for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease. First, a literature review will be conducted to establish which outcomes are used in clinical trials for hemorrhoidal disease. Secondly, both healthcare professionals and patients will participate in several consecutive rounds of online questionnaires and a face-to-face meeting to refine the content of the COS. Development of a COS for hemorrhoidal disease defines a minimum outcome-reporting standard and will improve the quality of research in the future.

  11. Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

    DOE PAGES

    Hanson, Jeremy M.; Berkery, John W.; Bialek, James M.; ...

    2017-03-20

    Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor q min exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89 = 2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided asmore » long as a threshold minimum safety factor value q min > 2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to β N values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to β N > 4 by broadening the current profile. Furthermore, this path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.« less

  12. Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hanson, Jeremy M.; Berkery, John W.; Bialek, James M.

    Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor q min exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89 = 2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided asmore » long as a threshold minimum safety factor value q min > 2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to β N values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to β N > 4 by broadening the current profile. Furthermore, this path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.« less

  13. Fuel control for gas turbine with continuous pilot flame

    DOEpatents

    Swick, Robert M.

    1983-01-01

    An improved fuel control for a gas turbine engine having a continuous pilot flame and a fuel distribution system including a pump drawing fuel from a source and supplying a line to the main fuel nozzle of the engine, the improvement being a control loop between the pump outlet and the pump inlet to bypass fuel, an electronically controlled throttle valve to restrict flow in the control loop when main nozzle demand exists and to permit substantially unrestricted flow without main nozzle demand, a minimum flow valve in the control loop downstream of the throttle valve to maintain a minimum pressure in the loop ahead of the flow valve, a branch tube from the pilot flame nozzle to the control loop between the throttle valve and the minimum flow valve, an orifice in the branch tube, and a feedback tube from the branch tube downstream of the orifice to the minimum flow valve, the minimum flow valve being operative to maintain a substantially constant pressure differential across the orifice to maintain constant fuel flow to the pilot flame nozzle.

  14. 78 FR 61416 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami International Securities Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-03

    ... zero or the lowest Minimum Trading Increment or (ii) the Expanded Quote Range has been calculated as zero. The proposal codifies existing functionality during the Exchange's Opening Process. Specifically... either zero or the lowest Minimum Trading Increment and market order sell interest has a quantity greater...

  15. 78 FR 45001 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Miami International Securities Exchange LLC; Order Approving...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-25

    ... a minimum participation allocation of at least one (1) contract. Specifically, the proposal ensures that the DLMM will be allocated a minimum of one contract in situations where, due to the Exchange's... DLMM being allocated zero contracts. \\5\\ A ``Directed Order'' is an order entered into the System by an...

  16. 75 FR 11608 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; International Securities Exchange, LLC; Notice of Filing and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-11

    ... contingency orders that have no priority on the book. Such orders are maintained in the system and remain....1(d)(3) (Minimum Quantity Orders). Like all-or-none orders, minimum quantity orders are contingency... Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and arguments concerning the foregoing...

  17. 78 FR 19155 - Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-29

    ... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [REG-148500-12] RIN 1545-BL36 Shared Responsibility Payment for Not Maintaining Minimum Essential Coverage Correction In proposed rule document 2013-2141 appearing on pages 7314-7331 in the issue of Monday, February 1, 2013, make the...

  18. Implementing self sustained quality control procedures in a clinical laboratory.

    PubMed

    Khatri, Roshan; K C, Sanjay; Shrestha, Prabodh; Sinha, J N

    2013-01-01

    Quality control is an essential component in every clinical laboratory which maintains the excellence of laboratory standards, supplementing to proper disease diagnosis, patient care and resulting in overall strengthening of health care system. Numerous quality control schemes are available, with combinations of procedures, most of which are tedious, time consuming and can be "too technical" whereas commercially available quality control materials can be expensive especially for laboratories in developing nations like Nepal. Here, we present a procedure performed at our centre with self prepared control serum and use of simple statistical tools for quality assurance. The pooled serum was prepared as per guidelines for preparation of stabilized liquid quality control serum from human sera. Internal Quality Assessment was performed on this sample, on a daily basis which included measurement of 12 routine biochemical parameters. The results were plotted on Levey-Jennings charts and analysed with quality control rules, for a period of one month. The mean levels of biochemical analytes in self prepared control serum were within normal physiological range. This serum was evaluated every day along with patients' samples. The results obtained were plotted on control charts and analysed using common quality control rules to identify possible systematic and random errors. Immediate mitigation measures were taken and the dispatch of erroneous reports was avoided. In this study we try to highlight on a simple internal quality control procedure which can be performed by laboratories, with minimum technology, expenditure, and expertise and improve reliability and validity of the test reports.

  19. Speaking in Tongues: Can International Graduate Students Read International Graduate Admissions Materials?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taylor, Zachary W.

    2017-01-01

    A recent Educational Testing Services report (2016) found that international graduate students with a TOEFL score of 80--the minimum average TOEFL score for graduate admission in the United States--usually possess reading subscores of 20, equating to a 12th-grade reading comprehension level. However, one public flagship university's international…

  20. Notices to airmen : domestic/international, September 10, 1998.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-09-10

    Table of contents: Airway notams; Airports, facilities, and procedural Notams; General FDC Notams; Part 95 Revisions to minimum en route IFR altitudes and changeover points; International Notices to Airmen; Graphic notices.;See also PB99-104317.;pg 2...

  1. Effects of Buckling Knockdown Factor, Internal Pressure and Material on the Design of Stiffened Cylinders

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lovejoy, Andrew E.; Hilburger, Mark W.; Chunchu, Prasad B.

    2010-01-01

    A design study was conducted to investigate the effect shell buckling knockdown factor (SBKF), internal pressure and aluminum alloy material selection on the structural weight of stiffened cylindrical shells. Two structural optimization codes were used for the design study to determine the optimum minimum-weight design for a series of design cases, and included an in-house developed genetic algorithm (GA) code and PANDA2. Each design case specified a unique set of geometry, material, knockdown factor combinations and loads. The resulting designs were examined and compared to determine the effects of SBKF, internal pressure and material selection on the acreage design weight and controlling failure mode. This design study shows that use of less conservative SBKF values, including internal pressure, and proper selection of material alloy can result in significant weight savings for stiffened cylinders. In particular, buckling-critical cylinders with integrally machined stiffener construction can benefit from the use of thicker plate material that enables taller stiffeners, even when the stiffness, strength and density properties of these materials appear to be inferior.

  2. Angiographic predictors of 3-year patency of bypass grafts implanted on the right coronary artery system: a prospective randomized comparison of gastroepiploic artery, saphenous vein, and right internal thoracic artery grafts.

    PubMed

    Glineur, David; D'hoore, William; de Kerchove, Laurent; Noirhomme, Philippe; Price, Joel; Hanet, Claude; El Khoury, Gebrine

    2011-11-01

    Saphenous vein, in situ right gastroepiploic artery, and right internal thoracic artery grafts are routinely used to revascularize the right coronary artery. Little is known about the predictive value of objective preoperative angiographic parameters on midterm graft patency. We prospectively enrolled 210 consecutive patients undergoing coronary revascularization. Revascularization of the right coronary artery was randomly performed with the saphenous vein grafts in 81 patients and the right gastroepiploic artery in 92 patients. During the same study period, 37 patients received right coronary artery revascularization with the right internal thoracic artery used in a Y-composite fashion. All patients underwent a protocol-driven coronary angiogram 3 years after surgery. Preoperative angiographic parameters included minimum lumen diameter percent stenosis measured by quantitative angiography. A graft was considered "not functional" with patency scores of 0 to 2 and "functional" with patency scores of 3 or 4. Angiographic follow-up was 100% complete. A significant difference in the distribution of flow patterns was observed in the 3 groups. In multivariate analysis, the use of a saphenous vein graft was associated with superior graft functionality compared with the other conduits (odds ratio, 6.1; 95% confidence interval, 2.4-15). Graft function was negatively influenced by the minimum lumen diameter (odds ratio, 0.11; confidence interval, 0.05-0.25). In the right gastroepiploic artery and right internal thoracic artery groups, the proportion of functional grafts was higher when the minimum lumen diameter was below a threshold value in the third minimum lumen diameter quartile (0.64-1.30 mm). Preoperative angiography predicts graft patency in the right gastroepiploic artery and right internal thoracic artery, whereas the flow pattern in saphenous vein grafts is significantly less influenced by quantitative angiographic parameters. Copyright © 2011 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Relationship between alertness, performance, and body temperature in humans.

    PubMed

    Wright, Kenneth P; Hull, Joseph T; Czeisler, Charles A

    2002-12-01

    Body temperature has been reported to influence human performance. Performance is reported to be better when body temperature is high/near its circadian peak and worse when body temperature is low/near its circadian minimum. We assessed whether this relationship between performance and body temperature reflects the regulation of both the internal biological timekeeping system and/or the influence of body temperature on performance independent of circadian phase. Fourteen subjects participated in a forced desynchrony protocol allowing assessment of the relationship between body temperature and performance while controlling for circadian phase and hours awake. Most neurobehavioral measures varied as a function of internal biological time and duration of wakefulness. A number of performance measures were better when body temperature was elevated, including working memory, subjective alertness, visual attention, and the slowest 10% of reaction times. These findings demonstrate that an increased body temperature, associated with and independent of internal biological time, is correlated with improved performance and alertness. These results support the hypothesis that body temperature modulates neurobehavioral function in humans.

  4. Relationship between alertness, performance, and body temperature in humans

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, Kenneth P Jr; Hull, Joseph T.; Czeisler, Charles A.

    2002-01-01

    Body temperature has been reported to influence human performance. Performance is reported to be better when body temperature is high/near its circadian peak and worse when body temperature is low/near its circadian minimum. We assessed whether this relationship between performance and body temperature reflects the regulation of both the internal biological timekeeping system and/or the influence of body temperature on performance independent of circadian phase. Fourteen subjects participated in a forced desynchrony protocol allowing assessment of the relationship between body temperature and performance while controlling for circadian phase and hours awake. Most neurobehavioral measures varied as a function of internal biological time and duration of wakefulness. A number of performance measures were better when body temperature was elevated, including working memory, subjective alertness, visual attention, and the slowest 10% of reaction times. These findings demonstrate that an increased body temperature, associated with and independent of internal biological time, is correlated with improved performance and alertness. These results support the hypothesis that body temperature modulates neurobehavioral function in humans.

  5. Robust adaptive cruise control of high speed trains.

    PubMed

    Faieghi, Mohammadreza; Jalali, Aliakbar; Mashhadi, Seyed Kamal-e-ddin Mousavi

    2014-03-01

    The cruise control problem of high speed trains in the presence of unknown parameters and external disturbances is considered. In particular a Lyapunov-based robust adaptive controller is presented to achieve asymptotic tracking and disturbance rejection. The system under consideration is nonlinear, MIMO and non-minimum phase. To deal with the limitations arising from the unstable zero-dynamics we do an output redefinition such that the zero-dynamics with respect to new outputs becomes stable. Rigorous stability analyses are presented which establish the boundedness of all the internal states and simultaneously asymptotic stability of the tracking error dynamics. The results are presented for two common configurations of high speed trains, i.e. the DD and PPD designs, based on the multi-body model and are verified by several numerical simulations. Copyright © 2013 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Shield materials recommended for space power nuclear reactors

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kaszubinski, L. J.

    1973-01-01

    Lithium hydride is recommended for neutron attenuation and depleted uranium is recommended for gamma ray attenuation. For minimum shield weights these materials must be arranged in alternate layers to attenuate the secondary gamma rays efficiently. In the regions of the shield near the reactor, where excessive fissioning occurs in the uranium, a tungsten alloy is used instead. Alloys of uranium such as either the U-0.5Ti or U-8Mo are available to accommodate structural requirements. The zone-cooled casting process is recommended for lithium hydride fabrication. Internal honeycomb reinforcement to control cracks in the lithium hydride is recommended.

  7. 46 CFR 169.549 - Ring lifebuoys and water lights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... chapter and be international orange in color. (2) Each water light must be approved under subpart 161.010... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ring lifebuoys and water lights. 169.549 Section 169.549... lights. (a)(1) The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights must be...

  8. 46 CFR 169.549 - Ring lifebuoys and water lights.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... chapter and be international orange in color. (2) Each water light must be approved under subpart 161.010... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ring lifebuoys and water lights. 169.549 Section 169.549... lights. (a)(1) The minimum number of life buoys and the minimum number to which water lights must be...

  9. 21 CFR 1311.215 - Internal audit trail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... ORDERS AND PRESCRIPTIONS Electronic Prescriptions § 1311.215 Internal audit trail. (a) The pharmacy... minimum, include the following: (1) Attempted unauthorized access to the pharmacy application, or successful unauthorized access to the pharmacy application where the determination of such is feasible. (2...

  10. 21 CFR 1311.215 - Internal audit trail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... ORDERS AND PRESCRIPTIONS Electronic Prescriptions § 1311.215 Internal audit trail. (a) The pharmacy... minimum, include the following: (1) Attempted unauthorized access to the pharmacy application, or successful unauthorized access to the pharmacy application where the determination of such is feasible. (2...

  11. 21 CFR 1311.215 - Internal audit trail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... ORDERS AND PRESCRIPTIONS Electronic Prescriptions § 1311.215 Internal audit trail. (a) The pharmacy... minimum, include the following: (1) Attempted unauthorized access to the pharmacy application, or successful unauthorized access to the pharmacy application where the determination of such is feasible. (2...

  12. 21 CFR 1311.215 - Internal audit trail.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... ORDERS AND PRESCRIPTIONS Electronic Prescriptions § 1311.215 Internal audit trail. (a) The pharmacy... minimum, include the following: (1) Attempted unauthorized access to the pharmacy application, or successful unauthorized access to the pharmacy application where the determination of such is feasible. (2...

  13. Failure of the public health testing program for ballast water treatment systems.

    PubMed

    Cohen, Andrew N; Dobbs, Fred C

    2015-02-15

    Since 2004, an international testing program has certified 53 shipboard treatment systems as meeting ballast water discharge standards, including limits on certain microbes to prevent the spread of human pathogens. We determined how frequently certification tests failed a minimum requirement for a meaningful evaluation, that the concentration of microbes in the untreated (control) discharge must exceed the regulatory limit for treated discharges. In 95% of cases where the result was accepted as evidence that the treatment system reduced microbes to below the regulatory limit, the discharge met the limit even without treatment. This shows that the certification program for ballast water treatment systems is dysfunctional in protecting human health. In nearly all cases, the treatment systems would have equally well "passed" these tests even if they had never been turned on. Protocols must require minimum concentrations of targeted microbes in test waters, reflecting the upper range of concentrations in waters where ships operate. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  14. Dynamics and control of escape and rescue from a tumbling spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kaplan, M. H.

    1972-01-01

    Papers on the problem of controlling a tumbling spacecraft before crew rescue is affected are presented. Fluid jets are considered; It is concluded that a gas jet results in long tumble times and low utilization efficiencies and a liquid jet appears more attractive because it can be directed. A conceptual design of an unmanned antitumbling module for automatic dock and detumble is formulated, and analyses of its dynamics and control, synthesis of position and attitude control systems, and sequence of operations are given. The minimum time detumble operation is analyzed with respect to (1) to a constraint on the magnitude of the control moment vector and (2) to constraints on the magnitude of each of the three components of the control moment vector. Internal passive and active mechanisms of energy dissipation are also considered. Structural flexibility modelling techniques and detumbling effects of structural flexibility on free-tumbling motion, are reviewed. Mass expulsion, momentum exchange, and moveable mass techniques are described, and methods of analyzing these devices are surveyed.

  15. Minimum State Awareness for Resilient Control Systems Under Cyber-Attack

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kisner, Roger; Fugate, David L; McIntyre, Timothy J

    2012-01-01

    State awareness for a control system is the accurate knowledge of the internal states of the system realization. To maintain stable operation, a controller requires a certain degree of state awareness. By definition, a cyber-attacker decreases the state awareness by modifying or removing the information available to the operator and control system. By doing so, the attacker can directly cause damage to the physical system through the control system, or indirectly by causing the operator to react in a damaging manner to the false information. In a number of recent papers, detection and mitigation strategies have been proposed that assumemore » state awareness. The goal of the attacker to reduce or remove state awareness makes this assumption invalid for most situations. One of the central problems of resilient control is developing methods to retain sufficient state awareness to continue operation during a cyberattack. In this paper, we will define state awareness, discuss the consequences of loss of state awareness, and some potential research directions for maintaining state awareness.« less

  16. Selection of an Alternate Biocide for the ISS Internal Thermal Control System Coolant, Phase 2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wilson, Mark E.; Cole, Harold; Weir, Natalee; Oehler, Bill; Steele, John; Varsik, Jerry; Lukens, Clark

    2004-01-01

    The ISS (International Space Station) ITCS (Internal Thermal Control System) includes two internal coolant loops that utilize an aqueous based coolant for heat transfer. A silver salt biocide had previously been utilized as an additive in the coolant formulation to control the growth and proliferation of microorganisms within the coolant loops. Ground-based and in-flight testing demonstrated that the silver salt was rapidly depleted, and did not act as an effective long-term biocide. Efforts to select an optimal alternate biocide for the ITCS coolant application have been underway and are now in the final stages. An extensive evaluation of biocides was conducted to down-select to several candidates for test trials and was reported on previously. Criteria for that down-select included: the need for safe, non-intrusive implementation and operation in a functioning system; the ability to control existing planktonic and biofilm residing microorganisms; a negligible impact on system-wetted materials of construction; and a negligible reactivity with existing coolant additives. Candidate testing to provide data for the selection of an optimal alternate biocide is now in the final stages. That testing has included rapid biocide effectiveness screening using Biolog MT2 plates to determine minimum inhibitory concentration (amount that will inhibit visible growth of microorganisms), time kill studies to determine the exposure time required to completely eliminate organism growth, materials compatibility exposure evaluations, coolant compatibility studies, and bench-top simulated coolant testing. This paper reports the current status of the effort to select an alternate biocide for the ISS ITCS coolant. The results of various test results to select the optimal candidate are presented.

  17. Risk control and the minimum significant risk

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Seiler, F.A.; Alvarez, J.L.

    1996-06-01

    Risk management implies that the risk manager can, by his actions, exercise at least a modicum of control over the risk in question. In the terminology of control theory, a management action is a control signal imposed as feedback on the system to bring about a desired change in the state of the system. In the terminology of risk management, an action is taken to bring a predicted risk to lower values. Even if it is assumed that the management action taken is 100% effective and that the projected risk reduction is infinitely well known, there is a lower limitmore » to the desired effects that can be achieved. It is based on the fact that all risks, such as the incidence of cancer, exhibit a degree of variability due to a number of extraneous factors such as age at exposure, sex, location, and some lifestyle parameters such as smoking or the consumption of alcohol. If the control signal is much smaller than the variability of the risk, the signal is lost in the noise and control is lost. This defines a minimum controllable risk based on the variability of the risk over the population considered. This quantity is the counterpart of the minimum significant risk which is defined by the uncertainties of the risk model. Both the minimum controllable risk and the minimum significant risk are evaluated for radiation carcinogenesis and are shown to be of the same order of magnitude. For a realistic management action, the assumptions of perfectly effective action and perfect model prediction made above have to be dropped, resulting in an effective minimum controllable risk which is determined by both risk limits. Any action below that effective limit is futile, but it is also unethical due to the ethical requirement of doing more good than harm. Finally, some implications of the effective minimum controllable risk on the use of the ALARA principle and on the evaluation of remedial action goals are presented.« less

  18. Solving constrained minimum-time robot problems using the sequential gradient restoration algorithm

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lee, Allan Y.

    1991-01-01

    Three constrained minimum-time control problems of a two-link manipulator are solved using the Sequential Gradient and Restoration Algorithm (SGRA). The inequality constraints considered are reduced via Valentine-type transformations to nondifferential path equality constraints. The SGRA is then used to solve these transformed problems with equality constraints. The results obtained indicate that at least one of the two controls is at its limits at any instant in time. The remaining control then adjusts itself so that none of the system constraints is violated. Hence, the minimum-time control is either a pure bang-bang control or a combined bang-bang/singular control.

  19. Minimum essential coverage and other rules regarding the shared responsibility payment for individuals. Final regulations.

    PubMed

    2014-11-26

    This document contains final regulations relating to the requirement to maintain minimum essential coverage enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, as amended by the TRICARE Affirmation Act and Public Law 111-173 (collectively, the Affordable Care Act). These final regulations provide individual taxpayers with guidance under section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code on the requirement to maintain minimum essential coverage and rules governing certain types of exemptions from that requirement.

  20. 40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ...-control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for...

  1. 40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...-control periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for...

  2. 32 CFR 218.1 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... radiation environment to which the veteran was exposed and shall include inhaled, ingested and neutron doses. In determining the veteran's dose, initial neutron, initial gamma, residual gamma, and internal... dose, neutron dose, and internal dose. The minimum standards for reporting dose estimates are set forth...

  3. 32 CFR 218.1 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... radiation environment to which the veteran was exposed and shall include inhaled, ingested and neutron doses. In determining the veteran's dose, initial neutron, initial gamma, residual gamma, and internal... dose, neutron dose, and internal dose. The minimum standards for reporting dose estimates are set forth...

  4. 32 CFR 218.1 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... radiation environment to which the veteran was exposed and shall include inhaled, ingested and neutron doses. In determining the veteran's dose, initial neutron, initial gamma, residual gamma, and internal... dose, neutron dose, and internal dose. The minimum standards for reporting dose estimates are set forth...

  5. 32 CFR 218.1 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... radiation environment to which the veteran was exposed and shall include inhaled, ingested and neutron doses. In determining the veteran's dose, initial neutron, initial gamma, residual gamma, and internal... dose, neutron dose, and internal dose. The minimum standards for reporting dose estimates are set forth...

  6. 32 CFR 218.1 - Policies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... radiation environment to which the veteran was exposed and shall include inhaled, ingested and neutron doses. In determining the veteran's dose, initial neutron, initial gamma, residual gamma, and internal... dose, neutron dose, and internal dose. The minimum standards for reporting dose estimates are set forth...

  7. Nonlinear Control Theory for Missile Autopilot Design.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1987-04-24

    minimum-time controller which includes constraints on both controls and angle-of-attack is developed and an example is given. -12- - - -~ *% PO PmCF E- A...constructed. In this case, some ideas from robotics on minimum-time trajectory planning under path constraints (see, e.g., Rajan (1985), Sahar and...Auto Cont., Vol. AC-29, No. 4, p. 361. Rajan, V.T. (1985), "Minimum-Time Trajectory Planning ", Proc IEEE Kobotics and Automation Conf., St. Louis. Reed

  8. Adaptive feedforward control of non-minimum phase structural systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Vipperman, J. S.; Burdisso, R. A.

    1995-06-01

    Adaptive feedforward control algorithms have been effectively applied to stationary disturbance rejection. For structural systems, the ideal feedforward compensator is a recursive filter which is a function of the transfer functions between the disturbance and control inputs and the error sensor output. Unfortunately, most control configurations result in a non-minimum phase control path; even a collocated control actuator and error sensor will not necessarily produce a minimum phase control path in the discrete domain. Therefore, the common practice is to choose a suitable approximation of the ideal compensator. In particular, all-zero finite impulse response (FIR) filters are desirable because of their inherent stability for adaptive control approaches. However, for highly resonant systems, large order filters are required for broadband applications. In this work, a control configuration is investigated for controlling non-minimum phase lightly damped structural systems. The control approach uses low order FIR filters as feedforward compensators in a configuration that has one more control actuator than error sensors. The performance of the controller was experimentally evaluated on a simply supported plate under white noise excitation for a two-input, one-output (2I1O) system. The results show excellent error signal reduction, attesting to the effectiveness of the method.

  9. Technical Adequacy of the easyCBM[R] Mathematics Measures: Grades 3-8, 2009-2010 Version. Technical Report #1007

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nese, Joseph F. T.; Lai, Cheng-Fei; Anderson, Daniel; Jamgochian, Elisa M.; Kamata, Akihito; Saez, Leilani; Park, Bitnara J.; Alonzo, Julie; Tindal, Gerald

    2010-01-01

    In this technical report, data are presented on the practical utility, reliability, and validity of the easyCBM[R] mathematics (2009-2010 version) measures for students in grades 3-8 within four districts in two states. Analyses include: minimum acceptable within-year growth; minimum acceptable year-end benchmark performance; internal and…

  10. Trends in Education Excellence Gaps: A 12-Year International Perspective via the Multilevel Model for Change

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Rutkowski, David; Rutkowski, Leslie; Plucker, Jonathan A.

    2012-01-01

    A recent study in the USA documented the existence and growth of "excellence gaps" among students. These gaps are similar to the minimum competency achievement gaps that proliferate in policy discussions in many Western countries, but excellence gaps focus on the highest level of achievement rather than minimum competency. We extend this…

  11. Securing Safety - Spaceflight Standards for the Mass Market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Goh, G.

    The projected total revenue of the space tourism industry is expected to exceed USD $1 billion by 2021. The vast economic potential of space tourism has fuelled ambitious plans for commercial orbital and suborbital flights, in addition to longer- duration spaceflights on board the International Space Station (ISS) and other planned orbiting habitats. International and national legal frameworks are challenged to provide regulations to ensure minimum standards of spaceflight safety for a high risk activity that aims to enter the mainstream tourism market. Thrown into the mix are various considerations of the number of spaceflight participants per flight, the economic viability of stringent safety standards, the plethora of possible flight vehicles and the compensation mechanism in case of violations of safety regulations. This paper surveys the legal challenges in the regulation of safety in commercial manned spaceflight, including issues of jurisdiction, authorization, licensing and liability. Drawing on analogous developments in other fields of law related to international carriage, a safety regulation framework with minimum international standards is proposed. This proposed framework considers both accident avoidance and emergency response in light of international legal, policy and economic perspectives.

  12. Stability of DIII-D high-performance, negative central shear discharges

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hanson, J. M.; Berkery, J. W.; Bialek, J.; Clement, M.; Ferron, J. R.; Garofalo, A. M.; Holcomb, C. T.; La Haye, R. J.; Lanctot, M. J.; Luce, T. C.; Navratil, G. A.; Olofsson, K. E. J.; Strait, E. J.; Turco, F.; Turnbull, A. D.

    2017-05-01

    Tokamak plasma experiments on the DIII-D device (Luxon et al 2005 Fusion Sci. Tech. 48 807) demonstrate high-performance, negative central shear (NCS) equilibria with enhanced stability when the minimum safety factor {{q}\\text{min}} exceeds 2, qualitatively confirming theoretical predictions of favorable stability in the NCS regime. The discharges exhibit good confinement with an L-mode enhancement factor H 89  =  2.5, and are ultimately limited by the ideal-wall external kink stability boundary as predicted by ideal MHD theory, as long as tearing mode (TM) locking events, resistive wall modes (RWMs), and internal kink modes are properly avoided or controlled. Although the discharges exhibit rotating TMs, locking events are avoided as long as a threshold minimum safety factor value {{q}\\text{min}}>2 is maintained. Fast timescale magnetic feedback control ameliorates RWM activity, expanding the stable operating space and allowing access to {β\\text{N}} values approaching the ideal-wall limit. Quickly growing and rotating instabilities consistent with internal kink mode dynamics are encountered when the ideal-wall limit is reached. The RWM events largely occur between the no- and ideal-wall pressure limits predicted by ideal MHD. However, evaluating kinetic contributions to the RWM dispersion relation results in a prediction of passive stability in this regime due to high plasma rotation. In addition, the ideal MHD stability analysis predicts that the ideal-wall limit can be further increased to {β\\text{N}}>4 by broadening the current profile. This path toward improved stability has the potential advantage of being compatible with the bootstrap-dominated equilibria envisioned for advanced tokamak (AT) fusion reactors.

  13. Hypnosis control based on the minimum concentration of anesthetic drug for maintaining appropriate hypnosis.

    PubMed

    Furutani, Eiko; Nishigaki, Yuki; Kanda, Chiaki; Takeda, Toshihiro; Shirakami, Gotaro

    2013-01-01

    This paper proposes a novel hypnosis control method using Auditory Evoked Potential Index (aepEX) as a hypnosis index. In order to avoid side effects of an anesthetic drug, it is desirable to reduce the amount of an anesthetic drug during surgery. For this purpose many studies of hypnosis control systems have been done. Most of them use Bispectral Index (BIS), another hypnosis index, but it has problems of dependence on anesthetic drugs and nonsmooth change near some particular values. On the other hand, aepEX has an ability of clear distinction between patient consciousness and unconsciousness and independence of anesthetic drugs. The control method proposed in this paper consists of two elements: estimating the minimum effect-site concentration for maintaining appropriate hypnosis and adjusting infusion rate of an anesthetic drug, propofol, using model predictive control. The minimum effect-site concentration is estimated utilizing the property of aepEX pharmacodynamics. The infusion rate of propofol is adjusted so that effect-site concentration of propofol may be kept near and always above the minimum effect-site concentration. Simulation results of hypnosis control using the proposed method show that the minimum concentration can be estimated appropriately and that the proposed control method can maintain hypnosis adequately and reduce the total infusion amount of propofol.

  14. Control of Finite-State, Finite Memory Stochastic Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sandell, Nils R.

    1974-01-01

    A generalized problem of stochastic control is discussed in which multiple controllers with different data bases are present. The vehicle for the investigation is the finite state, finite memory (FSFM) stochastic control problem. Optimality conditions are obtained by deriving an equivalent deterministic optimal control problem. A FSFM minimum principle is obtained via the equivalent deterministic problem. The minimum principle suggests the development of a numerical optimization algorithm, the min-H algorithm. The relationship between the sufficiency of the minimum principle and the informational properties of the problem are investigated. A problem of hypothesis testing with 1-bit memory is investigated to illustrate the application of control theoretic techniques to information processing problems.

  15. Mid-L/D Lifting Body Entry Demise Analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ling, Lisa

    2017-01-01

    The mid-lift-to-drag ratio (mid-L/D) lifting body is a fully autonomous spacecraft under design at NASA for enabling a rapid return of scientific payloads from the International Space Station (ISS). For contingency planning and risk assessment for the Earth-return trajectory, an entry demise analysis was performed to examine three potential failure scenarios: (1) nominal entry interface conditions with loss of control, (2) controlled entry at maximum flight path angle, and (3) controlled entry at minimum flight path angle. The objectives of the analysis were to predict the spacecraft breakup sequence and timeline, determine debris survival, and calculate the debris dispersion footprint. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to determine the effect of the initial pitch rate on the spacecraft stability and breakup during the entry. This report describes the mid-L/D lifting body and presents the results of the entry demise and sensitivity analyses.

  16. USSR Report International Affairs.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-09-02

    minimum interest rate (price of a loan), proportion of the value of a contract to be covered by an easy loan (minimum size of payments in cash...Kuwait Laos Lebanon Malaysia Mongolian People’s Republic Nepal Pakistan Saudi Arabia Singapore Syria Turnover Export Import Turnover...including the blockade imposed on export financing. The latter was started in July 1980 by swiftly increasing the interest rates on foreign trade loans

  17. Nearshore Pipeline Installation Methods.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-08-01

    inches b) Pipe, materials of construction: fully rigid, semi-rigid, flexible c) Pipeline length, maximum 2 miles d) Pipeline design life , minimum 15...common to their operations. Permanent facilities are specified in the Statement of Work. There- fore, a minimum design life of 15 years is chosen, which...makes the pipe leakproof and resists corrosion and abrasion. 5) Interlocked Z-shaped steel or stainless steel carcass - resists internal and external

  18. One-pot synthesis of biologically active 1,2,3-trisubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines through a palladium-catalyzed reaction with internal alkyne moieties.

    PubMed

    Keivanloo, Ali; Besharati-Seidani, Tayebeh; Kaboudin, Babak; Yoshida, Akihiro; Yokomatsu, Tsutomu

    2018-06-16

    Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted 1-alkylpyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines was accomplished through the reaction of 3-chloroquinoxalin-2-amines with internal alkynes in the presence of Pd(OAc)[Formula: see text], NaOAc, and KOtBu in DMSO. This method afforded desired pyrrolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines in 65-92% reaction yields. The minimum inhibition concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration determinations against Micrococcus luteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed that some of the synthesized compounds showed the same values compared to tetracycline. These compounds could be used in the future research for the development of new antibiotics.

  19. 75 FR 37825 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Minimum Property Standards for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-30

    ... Information Collection: Comment Request; Minimum Property Standards for Multifamily and Care-Type Facilities...: Minimum Property Standards for Multifamily and Care-type facilities. OMB Control Number, if applicable... Housing and Urban Development (HUD) developed the Minimum Property Standards (MPS) program in order to...

  20. Shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum essential coverage. Final regulations.

    PubMed

    2013-08-30

    This document contains final regulations on the requirement to maintain minimum essential coverage enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, as amended by the TRICARE Affirmation Act and Public Law 111-173. These final regulations provide guidance to individual taxpayers on the liability under section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code for the shared responsibility payment for not maintaining minimum essential coverage and largely finalize the rules in the notice of proposed rulemaking published in the Federal Register on February 1, 2013.

  1. 49 CFR 236.562 - Minimum rail current required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Locomotives § 236.562 Minimum... continuous inductive automatic train stop or train control device to normal condition or to obtain a proceed...

  2. 49 CFR 236.562 - Minimum rail current required.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Automatic Train Stop, Train Control and Cab Signal Systems Rules and Instructions; Locomotives § 236.562 Minimum... continuous inductive automatic train stop or train control device to normal condition or to obtain a proceed...

  3. Minimum sign retroreflective guidelines : summary report

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-06-01

    Retroreflective traffic control devices are designed to help offset the lack of visual cues in the nighttime driving environment. Currently, the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices requires that signs be retroreflectorized, but no minimum in-se...

  4. Tests of cosmic ray radiography for power industry applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Durham, J. M.; Guardincerri, E.; Morris, C. L.; Bacon, J.; Fabritius, J.; Fellows, S.; Poulson, D.; Plaud-Ramos, K.; Renshaw, J.

    2015-06-01

    In this report, we assess muon multiple scattering tomography as a non-destructive inspection technique in several typical areas of interest to the nuclear power industry, including monitoring concrete degradation, gate valve conditions, and pipe wall thickness. This work is motivated by the need for imaging methods that do not require the licensing, training, and safety controls of x-rays, and by the need to be able to penetrate considerable overburden to examine internal details of components that are otherwise inaccessible, with minimum impact on industrial operations. In some scenarios, we find that muon tomography may be an attractive alternative to more typical measurements.

  5. Distributed Optimization for a Class of Nonlinear Multiagent Systems With Disturbance Rejection.

    PubMed

    Wang, Xinghu; Hong, Yiguang; Ji, Haibo

    2016-07-01

    The paper studies the distributed optimization problem for a class of nonlinear multiagent systems in the presence of external disturbances. To solve the problem, we need to achieve the optimal multiagent consensus based on local cost function information and neighboring information and meanwhile to reject local disturbance signals modeled by an exogenous system. With convex analysis and the internal model approach, we propose a distributed optimization controller for heterogeneous and nonlinear agents in the form of continuous-time minimum-phase systems with unity relative degree. We prove that the proposed design can solve the exact optimization problem with rejecting disturbances.

  6. Tests of cosmic ray radiography for power industry applications

    DOE PAGES

    Durham, J. M.; Guardincerri, E.; Morris, C. L.; ...

    2015-06-30

    In this report, we assess muon multiple scattering tomography as a non-destructive inspection technique in several typical areas of interest to the nuclear power industry, including monitoring concrete degradation, gate valve conditions, and pipe wall thickness. This work is motivated by the need for imaging methods that do not require the licensing, training, and safety controls of x-rays, and by the need to be able to penetrate considerable overburden to examine internal details of components that are otherwise inaccessible, with minimum impact on industrial operations. In some instances, we find that muon tomography may be an attractive alternative to moremore » typical measurements.« less

  7. Resource Manual for Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse Education in Internal Medicine.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bigby, JudyAnn, Ed.; England, Susan, Ed.

    The resource manual provides guidelines and resources for individuals interested in integrating a substance abuse curriculum into existing programs for medical students and residents in internal medicine. Materials and resources appropriate for practicing physicians are also included. Three sections are: (1) a statement of minimum knowledge and…

  8. Novel Driving Control of Power Assisted Wheelchair Based on Minimum Jerk Trajectory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seki, Hirokazu; Sugimoto, Takeaki; Tadakuma, Susumu

    This paper describes a novel trajectory control scheme for power assisted wheelchair. Human input torque patterns are always intermittent in power assisted wheelchairs, therefore, the suitable trajectories must be generated also after the human decreases his/her input torque. This paper tries to solve this significant problem based on minimum jerk model minimizing the changing rate of acceleration. The proposed control system based on minimum jerk trajectory is expected to improve the ride quality, stability and safety. Some experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

  9. Effects of general anesthetics on substance P release and c-Fos expression in the spinal dorsal horn

    PubMed Central

    Takasusuki, Toshifumi; Yamaguchi, Shigeki; Hamaguchi, Shinsuke; Yaksh, Tony L.

    2013-01-01

    Background We examined in vivo the effects of general anesthetics on evoked substance P release (primary afferent excitability) and c-Fos expression (neuronal activation) in superficial dorsal horn. Methods Rats received saline, propofol (100mg/kg), pentobarbital (50mg/kg), isoflurane (2 minimum alveolar concentration), nitrous oxide (66%) or fentanyl (30μg/kg). During anesthesia, rats received intraplantar 5% formalin (50μl) to left hindpaw. Ten min later, rats underwent transcardial perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. Substance P release from small primary afferents was assessed by incidence of Neurokinin 1 receptor (NK1r) internalization in the superficial dorsal horn. In separate studies, rats were sacrificed after 2 hrs and c-Fos expression measured. Results Intraplantar formalin induced robust NK1r internalization in ipsilateral dorsal horn (ipsilateral: 54±6% [mean±SEM], contralateral: 12±2%, P<0.05, n=4). Fentanyl, but not propofol, pentobarbital, isoflurane nor nitrous oxide alone inhibited NK1r internalization. However, 2 minimum alveolar concentration isoflurane + nitrous oxide reduced NK1r internalization (27±3%, P<0.05, n=5). All agents reduced c-Fos expression (control: 34±4, fentanyl: 8±2, isoflurane: 12±3, nitrous oxide: 11±2, isoflurane + nitrous oxide: 12±1, pentobarbital: 11±2, propofol: 13±3, P<0.05, n=3). Conclusion General anesthetics at anesthetic concentrations block spinal neuron activation through a mechanism which is independent of an effect upon small primary afferent peptide release. The effect of fentanyl alone and the synergistic effect of isoflurane and nitrous oxide on substance P release suggests a correlative rationale for the therapeutic use of these anesthetic protocol by blocking nociceptive afferent transmitter release and preventing the initiation of cascade which are immediately postsynaptic to the primary afferent. PMID:23708866

  10. Minimum time and fuel flight profiles for an F-15 airplane with a Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC) system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haering, E. A., Jr.; Burcham, F. W., Jr.

    1984-01-01

    A simulation study was conducted to optimize minimum time and fuel consumption paths for an F-15 airplane powered by two F100 Engine Model Derivative (EMD) engines. The benefits of using variable stall margin (uptrim) to increase performance were also determined. This study supports the NASA Highly Integrated Digital Electronic Control (HIDEC) program. The basis for this comparison was minimum time and fuel used to reach Mach 2 at 13,716 m (45,000 ft) from the initial conditions of Mach 0.15 at 1524 m (5000 ft). Results were also compared to a pilot's estimated minimum time and fuel trajectory determined from the F-15 flight manual and previous experience. The minimum time trajectory took 15 percent less time than the pilot's estimate for the standard EMD engines, while the minimum fuel trajectory used 1 percent less fuel than the pilot's estimate for the minimum fuel trajectory. The F-15 airplane with EMD engines and uptrim, was 23 percent faster than the pilot's estimate. The minimum fuel used was 5 percent less than the estimate.

  11. Defining and refining international donor support for combating the AIDS pandemic.

    PubMed

    Attaran, A; Sachs, J

    2001-01-06

    The international aid effort against AIDS is greatly incommensurate with the severity of the epidemic. Drawing on the data that international aid donors self-reported to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), we find that, between 1996 and 1998, finance from all rich countries to sub-Saharan Africa for projects designated as AIDS control averaged US $69 million annually, and, assuming a safe margin for under-reporting and misreporting, we estimate that total donor spending on HIV/AIDS control was perhaps twice that at most. Since the late 1980s, aid levels have dropped relative to the prevalence of HIV infection, and stood recently at about $3 per HIV-infected person. Lack of finance is now the primary constraint on progress against AIDS, notwithstanding the widespread belief that a lack of interest from the goveements of poor countries is limiting. We argue that to produce a meaningful response to the pandemic, international assistance must be based on grants, not loans, for the poorest countries; be increased within the next 3 years to a minimum of $7.5 billion or more; be directed toward funding projects which are proposed and desired by the affected countries themselves, and which are judged as having epidemiological merit against the pandemic by a panel of independent scientific experts; and fund concurrent needs, including prevention, drug treatment (such as highly active antiretroviral therapy), and blocking mother-to-child HIV transmission. An effort of this scope and scale will both radically alter the prospects for intervention against AIDS in poor countries, and together with comparable efforts to control other infectious diseases, is easily afforded by the OECD donor economies, whose aggregate national income recently surpassed $21 trillion annually.

  12. Global benchmarking of medical student learning outcomes? Implementation and pilot results of the International Foundations of Medicine Clinical Sciences Exam at The University of Queensland, Australia.

    PubMed

    Wilkinson, David; Schafer, Jennifer; Hewett, David; Eley, Diann; Swanson, Dave

    2014-01-01

    To report pilot results for international benchmarking of learning outcomes among 426 final year medical students at the University of Queensland (UQ), Australia. Students took the International Foundations of Medicine (IFOM) Clinical Sciences Exam (CSE) developed by the National Board of Medical Examiners, USA, as a required formative assessment. IFOM CSE comprises 160 multiple-choice questions in medicine, surgery, obstetrics, paediatrics and mental health, taken over 4.5 hours. Significant implementation issues; IFOM scores and benchmarking with International Comparison Group (ICG) scores and United States Medical Licensing Exam (USMLE) Step 2 Clinical Knowledge (CK) scores; and correlation with UQ medical degree cumulative grade point average (GPA). Implementation as an online exam, under university-mandated conditions was successful. Mean IFOM score was 531.3 (maximum 779-minimum 200). The UQ cohort performed better (31% scored below 500) than the ICG (55% below 500). However 49% of the UQ cohort did not meet the USMLE Step 2 CK minimum score. Correlation between IFOM scores and UQ cumulative GPA was reasonable at 0.552 (p < 0.001). International benchmarking is feasible and provides a variety of useful benchmarking opportunities.

  13. Microwave ovens and food safety: preparation of Not-Ready-to-Eat products in standard and smart ovens.

    PubMed

    Schiffmann, Robert F

    2013-01-01

    The introduction of several Not-Ready-to-Eat (NRTE) products, beginning in 2007, has resulted in several recalls and has caused serious concerns about their safe-cooking in microwave ovens. These products are not fully-thermally processed prior to sale but depend upon the consumer to finish cooking them to the safe minimum temperatures, defined by the USDA, in order to destroy any sources of foodborne illnesses. While microwave ovens are a primary means of this finish-cooking step, they are known to cook foods unevenly in terms of temperature distribution, especially from a frozen state, and this may cause parts of the food to be below the required safe-temperature. Hence there are concerns regarding how reliably microwave ovens can provide the minimum required safe temperatures in order to avoid the possibility of foodborne illnesses. To determine this, temperature profiling tests were preformed upon three frozen NRTE entrées, heating them in eight new brand-name 1100-watt and 1200-watt microwave ovens in order to evaluate how well the minimum temperatures were reached throughout the products. By comparison, these same tests were repeated using three "smart" microwave ovens in which internal computer-control makes them user-independent. In addition, a comparison was also made of the microwave output power claimed by the manufacturers of these ovens to that determined using the IEC procedures.

  14. Tobacco industry efforts to keep cigarettes affordable: a case study from Hungary.

    PubMed

    Szilágyi, T; Chapman, S

    2003-12-01

    To review strategies of multinational tobacco companies aimed at keeping tobacco products affordable to smokers in Hungary and to provide background information on the Hungarian request for the delayed introduction of minimum European Union tobacco excise duty levels. Review of internal tobacco industry documents available on the World Wide Web, downloaded between 26 July 2001 and 31 October 2002. Appropriate pricing strategies and lobbying for low tobacco tax policies were used by the tobacco industry in Hungary to keep cigarettes affordable to the public. During the 1990s and in the early 2000s transnational tobacco companies (TTCs) were still able to prevent substantial cigarette price rises, which would have been desirable for more effective control of Hungarian tobacco use. Strategies used by TTCs included the creation of new partnerships, use of supportive MPs, communication around tobacco tax issues and also the successful management of the differences in approaches used by individual companies regarding taxation of tobacco products. These resulted in the adoption of governmental policy aimed at delaying the introduction of the EU directive on the minimum tax levels of retail prices of cigarettes.

  15. Polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride shows bactericidal advantages over chlorhexidine digluconate against ESKAPE bacteria.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Zhongxin; Wei, Dafu; Lu, Yanhua

    2015-01-01

    More information regarding the bactericidal properties of polyhexamethylene guanidine hydrochloride (PHMG) against clinically important antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE (Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterobacter species) pathogens needs to be provided for its uses in infection control. The bactericidal properties of PHMG and chlorhexidine digluconate (CHG) were compared based on their minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs), minimum bactericidal concentrations, and time-course-killing curves against clinically important antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant ESKAPE pathogens. Results showed that PHMG exhibited significantly higher bactericidal activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, and ceftazidime-resistant Enterobacter spp. than CHG. A slight bactericidal advantage over CHG was obtained against vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, ciprofloxacin- and levofloxacin-resistant Acinetobacter spp., and multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In previous reports, PHMG had higher antimicrobial activity against almost all tested Gram-negative bacteria and several Gram-positive bacteria than CHG using MIC test. These studies support the further development of covalently bound PHMG in sterile-surface materials and the incorporation of PHMG in novel disinfectant formulas. © 2014 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  16. Internal versus External Assessment in Vocational Qualifications: A Commentary on the Government's Reforms in England

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Vitello, Sylvia; Williamson, Joanna

    2017-01-01

    The distinction between external assessment and internal assessment underpins a major reform to vocational qualifications underway in England. To be approved by the Department for Education, vocational qualifications must now include a minimum proportion of external assessment, regardless of subject. This paper discusses the nature and…

  17. International WIL Placements: Their Influence on Student Professional Development, Personal Growth and Cultural Competence

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gribble, Nigel; Dender, Alma; Lawrence, Emma; Manning, Kirrily; Falkmer, Torbjorn

    2014-01-01

    In the increasingly global world, skills in cultural competence now form part of the minimum standards of practice required for allied health professionals. During an international work-integrated learning (WIL) placement, allied health students' cultural competence is expected to be enhanced. The present study scrutinized reflective journals of…

  18. 78 FR 24783 - U.S. Department of State Advisory Committee on Private International Law (ACPIL)-Online Dispute...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-26

    ... International Law (ACPIL)--Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) Study Group The Office of the Assistant Legal Adviser... guidelines and minimum requirements for online dispute resolution providers and arbitrators, substantive... that the working group is addressing is the identification of security issues relating to use of the...

  19. Analysis and Design of Launch Vehicle Flight Control Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wie, Bong; Du, Wei; Whorton, Mark

    2008-01-01

    This paper describes the fundamental principles of launch vehicle flight control analysis and design. In particular, the classical concept of "drift-minimum" and "load-minimum" control principles is re-examined and its performance and stability robustness with respect to modeling uncertainties and a gimbal angle constraint is discussed. It is shown that an additional feedback of angle-of-attack or lateral acceleration can significantly improve the overall performance and robustness, especially in the presence of unexpected large wind disturbance. Non-minimum-phase structural filtering of "unstably interacting" bending modes of large flexible launch vehicles is also shown to be effective and robust.

  20. Numerical Studies of a Supersonic Fluidic Diverter Actuator for Flow Control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gokoglu, Suleyman A.; Kuczmarski, Maria A.; Culley, Dennis e.; Raghu, Surya

    2010-01-01

    The analysis of the internal flow structure and performance of a specific fluidic diverter actuator, previously studied by time-dependent numerical computations for subsonic flow, is extended to include operation with supersonic actuator exit velocities. The understanding will aid in the development of fluidic diverters with minimum pressure losses and advanced designs of flow control actuators. The self-induced oscillatory behavior of the flow is successfully predicted and the calculated oscillation frequencies with respect to flow rate have excellent agreement with our experimental measurements. The oscillation frequency increases with Mach number, but its dependence on flow rate changes from subsonic to transonic to supersonic regimes. The delay time for the initiation of oscillations depends on the flow rate and the acoustic speed in the gaseous medium for subsonic flow, but is unaffected by the flow rate for supersonic conditions

  1. Orientations of dendritic growth during solidification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Dong Nyung

    2017-03-01

    Dendrites are crystalline forms which grow far from the limit of stability of the plane front and adopt an orientation which is as close as possible to the heat flux direction. Dendritic growth orientations for cubic metals, bct Sn, and hcp Zn, can be controlled by thermal conductivity, Young's modulus, and surface energy. The control factors have been elaborated. Since the dendrite is a single crystal, its properties such as thermal conductivity that influences the heat flux direction, the minimum Young's modulus direction that influences the strain energy minimization, and the minimum surface energy plane that influences the crystal/liquid interface energy minimization have been proved to control the dendritic growth direction. The dendritic growth directions of cubic metals are determined by the minimum Young's modulus direction and/or axis direction of symmetry of the minimum crystal surface energy plane. The dendritic growth direction of bct Sn is determined by its maximum thermal conductivity direction and the minimum surface energy plane normal direction. The primary dendritic growth direction of hcp Zn is determined by its maximum thermal conductivity direction and the minimum surface energy plane normal direction and the secondary dendrite arm direction of hcp Zn is normal to the primary dendritic growth direction.

  2. Nursing care update: Internal radiation therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lowdermilk, D.L.

    Internal radiation therapy has been used in treating gynecological cancers for over 100 years. A variety of radioactive sources are currently used alone and in combination with other cancer treatments. Nurses need to be able to provide safe, comprehensive care to patients receiving internal radiation therapy while using precautions to keep the risks of exposure to a minimum. This article discusses current trends and issues related to such treatment for gynecological cancers.20 references.

  3. Information management for aged care provision in Australia: development of an aged care minimum dataset and strategies to improve quality and continuity of care.

    PubMed

    Davis, Jenny; Morgans, Amee; Burgess, Stephen

    2016-04-01

    Efficient information systems support the provision of multi-disciplinary aged care and a variety of organisational purposes, including quality, funding, communication and continuity of care. Agreed minimum data sets enable accurate communication across multiple care settings. However, in aged care multiple and poorly integrated data collection frameworks are commonly used for client assessment, government reporting and funding purposes. To determine key information needs in aged care settings to improve information quality, information transfer, safety, quality and continuity of care to meet the complex needs of aged care clients. Modified Delphi methods involving five stages were employed by one aged care provider in Victoria, Australia, to establish stakeholder consensus for a derived minimum data set and address barriers to data quality. Eleven different aged care programs were identified; with five related data dictionaries, three minimum data sets, five program standards or quality frameworks. The remaining data collection frameworks related to diseases classification, funding, service activity reporting, and statistical standards and classifications. A total of 170 different data items collected across seven internal information systems were consolidated to a derived set of 60 core data items and aligned with nationally consistent data collection frameworks. Barriers to data quality related to inconsistencies in data items, staff knowledge, workflow, system access and configuration. The development an internal aged care minimum data set highlighted the critical role of primary data quality in the upstream and downstream use of client information; and presents a platform to build national consistency across the sector.

  4. Deriving proper measurement uncertainty from Internal Quality Control data: An impossible mission?

    PubMed

    Ceriotti, Ferruccio

    2018-03-30

    Measurement uncertainty (MU) is a "non-negative parameter characterizing the dispersion of the quantity values being attributed to a measurand, based on the information used". In the clinical laboratory the most convenient way to calculate MU is the "top down" approach based on the use of Internal Quality Control data. As indicated in the definition, MU depends on the information used for its calculation and so different estimates of MU can be obtained. The most problematic aspect is how to deal with bias. In fact bias is difficult to detect and quantify and it should be corrected including only the uncertainty derived from this correction. Several approaches to calculate MU starting from Internal Quality Control data are presented. The minimum requirement is to use only the intermediate precision data, provided to include 6 months of results obtained with a commutable quality control material at a concentration close to the clinical decision limit. This approach is the minimal requirement and it is convenient for all those measurands that are especially used for monitoring or where a reference measurement system does not exist and so a reference for calculating the bias is lacking. Other formulas including the uncertainty of the value of the calibrator, including the bias from a commutable certified reference material or from a material specifically prepared for trueness verification, including the bias derived from External Quality Assessment schemes or from historical mean of the laboratory are presented and commented. MU is an important parameter, but a single, agreed upon way to calculate it in a clinical laboratory is not yet available. Copyright © 2018 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. Strategies to Mitigate Ammonia Release on the International Space Station

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Macatangay, Ariel V.; Prokhorov, Kimberlee S.; Sweterlitsch, Jeffrey J.

    2007-01-01

    International Space Station (ISS) is crucial to its continuous operation. Off-nominal situations can arise from virtually any aspect of ISS operations. One situation of particular concern is the inadvertent release of a chemical into the ISS atmosphere. In sufficient quantities, a chemical release can render the ISS uninhabitable regardless of the chemical s toxicity as a result of its effect on the hardware used to maintain the environment. This is certainly true with system chemicals which are integral components to the function and purpose of the system. Safeguards, such as design for minimum risk, multiple containment, hazard assessments, rigorous safety reviews, and others, are in place to minimize the probability of a chemical release to the ISS environment thereby allowing the benefits of system chemicals to outweigh the risks associated with them. The thermal control system is an example of such a system. Heat generated within the ISS is transferred from the internal thermal control system (ITCS) to the external thermal control system (ETCS) via two, single-barrier interface heat exchangers (IFHX). The ITCS and ETCS are closed-loop systems which utilize water and anhydrous ammonia, respectively, as heat-transfer fluids. There is approximately 1200 lbs. (208 gallons) of anhydrous ammonia in the ETCS circulating through the two heat exchangers, transferring heat from the ITCS water lines. At the amounts present in the ETCS, anhydrous ammonia is one system chemical that can easily overwhelm the station atmosphere scrubbing capabilities and render the ISS uninhabitable in the event of a catastrophic rupture. Although safeguards have certainly minimized the risk of an ammonia release into the Station atmosphere, credible release scenarios and controls to manage these scenarios are examined.

  6. A unique concept for automatically controlling the braking action of wheeled vehicles during minimum distance stops

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barthlome, D. E.

    1975-01-01

    Test results of a unique automatic brake control system are outlined and a comparison is made of its mode of operation to that of an existing skid control system. The purpose of the test system is to provide automatic control of braking action such that hydraulic brake pressure is maintained at a near constant, optimum value during minimum distance stops.

  7. Guidance of Nonlinear Nonminimum-Phase Dynamic Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Devasia, Santosh

    1996-01-01

    The research work has advanced the inversion-based guidance theory for: systems with non-hyperbolic internal dynamics; systems with parameter jumps; and systems where a redesign of the output trajectory is desired. A technique to achieve output tracking for nonminimum phase linear systems with non-hyperbolic and near non-hyperbolic internal dynamics was developed. This approach integrated stable inversion techniques, that achieve exact-tracking, with approximation techniques, that modify the internal dynamics to achieve desirable performance. Such modification of the internal dynamics was used (a) to remove non-hyperbolicity which is an obstruction to applying stable inversion techniques and (b) to reduce large preactuation times needed to apply stable inversion for near non-hyperbolic cases. The method was applied to an example helicopter hover control problem with near non-hyperbolic internal dynamics for illustrating the trade-off between exact tracking and reduction of preactuation time. Future work will extend these results to guidance of nonlinear non-hyperbolic systems. The exact output tracking problem for systems with parameter jumps was considered. Necessary and sufficient conditions were derived for the elimination of switching-introduced output transient. While previous works had studied this problem by developing a regulator that maintains exact tracking through parameter jumps (switches), such techniques are, however, only applicable to minimum-phase systems. In contrast, our approach is also applicable to nonminimum-phase systems and leads to bounded but possibly non-causal solutions. In addition, for the case when the reference trajectories are generated by an exosystem, we developed an exact-tracking controller which could be written in a feedback form. As in standard regulator theory, we also obtained a linear map from the states of the exosystem to the desired system state, which was defined via a matrix differential equation.

  8. Micro-optics technology and sensor systems applications

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gal, George; Herman, B.; Anderson, W.; Whitney, R.; Morrow, H.

    1993-01-01

    The current generation of electro-optical sensors utilizing refractive and reflective optical elements require sophisticated, complex, and expensive designs. Advanced-technology-based electro-optical sensors of minimum size and weight require miniaturization of optical, electrical, and mechanical devices with an increasing trend toward integration of various components. Micro-optics technology has the potential in a number of areas to simplify optical design with improved performance. This includes internally cooled apertures, hybrid optical design, microlenses, dispersive multicolor microlenses, active dither, electronically controlled optical beam steer, and microscopic integration of micro-optics, detectors, and signal processing layers. This paper describes our approach to the development of micro-optics technology with our main emphasis for sensors applications.

  9. Non-Conventional Applications of Computerized Tomography: Analysis of Solid Dosage Forms Produced by Pharmaceutical Industry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Martins de Oliveira, Jose Jr.; Germano Martins, Antonio Cesar

    X-ray computed tomography (CT) refers to the cross-sectional imaging of an object measuring the transmitted radiation at different directions. In this work, we describe a non-conventional application of computerized tomography: visualization and improvements in the understanding of some internal structural features of solid dosage forms. A micro-CT X-ray scanner, with a minimum resolution of 30 mum was used to characterize some pharmaceutical tablets, granules, controlled-release osmotic tablet and liquid-filled soft-gelatin capsules. The analysis presented in this work are essentially qualitative, but quantitative parameters, such as porosity, density distribution, tablets dimensions, etc. could also be obtained using the related CT techniques.

  10. Study of coatings for improved fire and decay resistance of mine timbers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baum, B.

    1977-01-01

    The purpose of this program was to find a fire- and rot-retardant polymer/fungicide reaction product for coating mine timbers. Fire-retardant polymers were screened as films and coatings on fir wood. Curable polyimide appeared to be flame retardant and evolved a minimum of fumes when exposed to a flame. Several organic and metal, low toxicity, fungicides were reacted with the polyimide in-situ on the wood. These coated samples were screened for fungus resistance. All formulations rated well - even the polyimide film without additives was fungicidal. The fir wood control itself resisted internal damage during the ten weeks of fungus exposure. A more severe test for fungus resistance will be required.

  11. Energy consumption program: A computer model simulating energy loads in buildings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stoller, F. W.; Lansing, F. L.; Chai, V. W.; Higgins, S.

    1978-01-01

    The JPL energy consumption computer program developed as a useful tool in the on-going building modification studies in the DSN energy conservation project is described. The program simulates building heating and cooling loads and computes thermal and electric energy consumption and cost. The accuracy of computations are not sacrificed, however, since the results lie within + or - 10 percent margin compared to those read from energy meters. The program is carefully structured to reduce both user's time and running cost by asking minimum information from the user and reducing many internal time-consuming computational loops. Many unique features were added to handle two-level electronics control rooms not found in any other program.

  12. Quality and the English Language Question: Is There Really an Issue in Australian Universities?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Briguglio, Carmela

    2011-01-01

    English language proficiency and how it can be improved have been keenly debated issues in Australian universities. The debate has become more intense in the context of the marketing of international education and Australia's increasing share of international students. One reaction has been to raise the minimum English language levels for…

  13. Effects of the internal friction and the solvent quality on the dynamics of a polymer chain closure.

    PubMed

    Yu, Wancheng; Luo, Kaifu

    2015-03-28

    Using 3D Langevin dynamics simulations, we investigate the effects of the internal friction and the solvent quality on the dynamics of a polymer chain closure. We show that the chain closure in good solvents is a purely diffusive process. By extrapolation to zero solvent viscosity, we find that the internal friction of a chain plays a non-ignorable role in the dynamics of the chain closure. When the solvent quality changes from good to poor, the mean closure time τc decreases by about 1 order of magnitude for the chain length 20 ≤ N ≤ 100. Furthermore, τc has a minimum as a function of the solvent quality. With increasing the chain length N, the minimum of τc occurs at a better solvent. Finally, the single exponential distributions of the closure time in poor solvents suggest that the negative excluded volume of segments does not alter the nearly Poisson statistical characteristics of the process of the chain closure.

  14. Applications of active adaptive noise control to jet engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Shoureshi, Rahmat; Brackney, Larry

    1993-01-01

    During phase 2 research on the application of active noise control to jet engines, the development of multiple-input/multiple-output (MIMO) active adaptive noise control algorithms and acoustic/controls models for turbofan engines were considered. Specific goals for this research phase included: (1) implementation of a MIMO adaptive minimum variance active noise controller; and (2) turbofan engine model development. A minimum variance control law for adaptive active noise control has been developed, simulated, and implemented for single-input/single-output (SISO) systems. Since acoustic systems tend to be distributed, multiple sensors, and actuators are more appropriate. As such, the SISO minimum variance controller was extended to the MIMO case. Simulation and experimental results are presented. A state-space model of a simplified gas turbine engine is developed using the bond graph technique. The model retains important system behavior, yet is of low enough order to be useful for controller design. Expansion of the model to include multiple stages and spools is also discussed.

  15. 14 CFR 23.77 - Balked landing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of more than 6,000 pounds maximum weight and each normal, utility, and acrobatic category turbine... movement of the power controls from minimum flight-idle position; (2) The landing gear extended; (3) The... of movement of the power controls from the minimum flight idle position; (2) Landing gear extended...

  16. ESPC Coupled Global Prediction System - Develop and Test Coupled Physical Parameterizations: NAVGEM/CICE/HYCOM

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-09-30

    the Study of the Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH) Sea Ice Outlook (SIO) effort. The SIO is an international effort to provide a community-wide...summary of the expected September arctic sea ice minimum. Monthly reports released throughout the summer synthesize community estimates of the current...state and expected minimum of sea ice . Along with the backbone components of this system (NAVGEM/HYCOM/CICE), other data models have been used to

  17. Key node selection in minimum-cost control of complex networks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ding, Jie; Wen, Changyun; Li, Guoqi

    2017-11-01

    Finding the key node set that is connected with a given number of external control sources for driving complex networks from initial state to any predefined state with minimum cost, known as minimum-cost control problem, is critically important but remains largely open. By defining an importance index for each node, we propose revisited projected gradient method extension (R-PGME) in Monte-Carlo scenario to determine key node set. It is found that the importance index of a node is strongly correlated to occurrence rate of that node to be selected as a key node in Monte-Carlo realizations for three elementary topologies, Erdős-Rényi and scale-free networks. We also discover the distribution patterns of key nodes when the control cost reaches its minimum. Specifically, the importance indices of all nodes in an elementary stem show a quasi-periodic distribution with high peak values in the beginning and end of a quasi-period while they approach to a uniform distribution in an elementary cycle. We further point out that an elementary dilation can be regarded as two elementary stems whose lengths are the closest, and the importance indices in each stem present similar distribution as in an elementary stem. Our results provide a better understanding and deep insight of locating the key nodes in different topologies with minimum control cost.

  18. 49 CFR 192.451 - Scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) This subpart prescribes minimum requirements for the protection of metallic pipelines from external, internal, and atmospheric corrosion. (b) [Reserved] [Amdt. 192-4, 36 FR 12302, June 30, 1971, as amended by...

  19. 78 FR 39493 - Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; Exchange Functions: Eligibility for Exemptions...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-01

    ...This final rule implements certain functions of the Affordable Insurance Exchanges (``Exchanges''). These specific statutory functions include determining eligibility for and granting certificates of exemption from the individual shared responsibility payment described in section 5000A of the Internal Revenue Code. Additionally, this final rule implements the responsibilities of the Secretary of Health and Human Services, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury, to designate other health benefits coverage as minimum essential coverage by providing that certain coverage be designated as minimum essential coverage. It also outlines substantive and procedural requirements that other types of individual coverage must fulfill in order to be certified as minimum essential coverage.

  20. Sociodemographic Moderators of Environment-Physical Activity Associations: Results From the International Prevalence Study.

    PubMed

    Perez, Lilian G; Conway, Terry L; Bauman, Adrian; Kerr, Jacqueline; Elder, John P; Arredondo, Elva M; Sallis, James F

    2018-01-01

    Associations between the built environment and physical activity (PA) may vary by sociodemographic factors. However, such evidence from international studies is limited. This study tested the moderating effects of sociodemographic factors on associations between perceived environment and self-reported total PA among adults from the International Prevalence Study. Between 2002 and 2003, adults from 9 countries (N = 10,258) completed surveys assessing total PA (International Physical Activity Questionnaire-short), perceived environment, and sociodemographics (age, gender, and education). Total PA was dichotomized as meeting/not meeting (a) high PA levels and (b) minimum PA guidelines. Logistic models tested environment by sociodemographic interactions (24 total). Education and gender moderated the association between safety from crime and meeting high PA levels (interaction P < .05), with inverse associations found only among the high education group and men. Education and gender also moderated associations of safety from crime and the presence of transit stops with meeting minimum PA guidelines (interaction P < .05), with positive associations found for safety from crime only among women and presence of transit stops only among men and the high education group. The limited number of moderating effects found provides support for population-wide environment-PA associations. International efforts to improve built environments are needed to promote health-enhancing PA and maintain environmental sustainability.

  1. The Preventive Control of a Dengue Disease Using Pontryagin Minimum Principal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ratna Sari, Eminugroho; Insani, Nur; Lestari, Dwi

    2017-06-01

    Behaviour analysis for host-vector model without control of dengue disease is based on the value of basic reproduction number obtained using next generation matrices. Furthermore, the model is further developed involving a preventive control to minimize the contact between host and vector. The purpose is to obtain an optimal preventive strategy with minimal cost. The Pontryagin Minimum Principal is used to find the optimal control analytically. The derived optimality model is then solved numerically to investigate control effort to reduce infected class.

  2. 40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration... required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities including, as applicable... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring...

  3. Proliferation resistance design of a plutonium cycle (Proliferation Resistance Engineering Program: PREP)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sorenson, R.J.; Roberts, F.P.; Clark, R.G.

    1979-01-19

    This document describes the proliferation resistance engineering concepts developed to counter the threat of proliferation of nuclear weapons in an International Fuel Service Center (IFSC). The basic elements of an International Fuel Service Center are described. Possible methods for resisting proliferation such as processing alternatives, close-coupling of facilities, process equipment layout, maintenance philosophy, process control, and process monitoring are discussed. Political and institutional issues in providing proliferation resistance for an International Fuel Service Center are analyzed. The conclusions drawn are (1) use-denial can provide time for international response in the event of a host nation takeover. Passive use-denial is moremore » acceptable than active use-denial, and acceptability of active-denial concepts is highly dependent on sovereignty, energy dependence and economic considerations; (2) multinational presence can enhance proliferation resistance; and (3) use-denial must be nonprejudicial with balanced interests for governments and/or private corporations being served. Comparisons between an IFSC as a national facility, an IFSC with minimum multinational effect, and an IFSC with maximum multinational effect show incremental design costs to be less than 2% of total cost of the baseline non-PRE concept facility. The total equipment acquisition cost increment is estimated to be less than 2% of total baseline facility costs. Personnel costs are estimated to increase by less than 10% due to maximum international presence. 46 figures, 9 tables.« less

  4. RadNuc: A graphical user interface to deliver dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine with a 137Cs irradiator

    PubMed Central

    Pasternack, Jordan B.; Howell, Roger W.

    2012-01-01

    The temporal variations in absorbed dose rates to organs and tissues in the body are very large in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. The response of biological endpoints of relevance to radiation safety and therapeutic efficacy are generally modulated by dose rate. Therefore, it is important to understand how the complex dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine impact relevant biological responses. Accordingly, a graphical user interface (GUI) was created to control a cesium-137 irradiator to deliver such dose rate patterns. Methods Visual Basic 6.0 was used to create a user-friendly GUI to control the dose rate by varying the thickness of a mercury attenuator. The GUI facilitates the delivery of a number of dose rate patterns including constant, exponential increase or decrease, and multi-component exponential. Extensive visual feedback is provided by the GUI during both the planning and delivery stages. Results The GUI controlled irradiator can achieve a maximum dose rate of 40 cGy/hr and a minimum dose rate of 0.01 cGy/hr. Addition of machined lead blocks can be used to further reduce the minimum dose rate to 0.0001 cGy/hr. Measured dose rate patterns differed from programmed dose rate patterns in total dose by 3.2% to 8.4%. Conclusion The GUI controlled irradiator is able to accurately create dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine and other related fields. This makes it an invaluable tool for studying the effects of chronic constant and variable low dose rates on biological tissues in the contexts of both radiation protection and clinical administration of internal radionuclides. PMID:23265668

  5. RadNuc: a graphical user interface to deliver dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine with a 137Cs irradiator.

    PubMed

    Pasternack, Jordan B; Howell, Roger W

    2013-02-01

    The temporal variations in absorbed dose rates to organs and tissues in the body are very large in diagnostic and therapeutic nuclear medicine. The response of biological endpoints of relevance to radiation safety and therapeutic efficacy is generally modulated by dose rate. Therefore, it is important to understand how the complex dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine impact relevant biological responses. Accordingly, a graphical user interface (GUI) was created to control a cesium-137 irradiator to deliver such dose rate patterns. Visual Basic 6.0 was used to create a user-friendly GUI to control the dose rate by varying the thickness of a mercury attenuator. The GUI facilitates the delivery of a number of dose rate patterns including constant, exponential increase or decrease, and multi-component exponential. Extensive visual feedback is provided by the GUI during both the planning and delivery stages. The GUI controlled irradiator can achieve a maximum dose rate of 40 cGy/h and a minimum dose rate of 0.01 cGy/h. Addition of machined lead blocks can be used to further reduce the minimum dose rate to 0.0001 cGy/h. Measured dose rate patterns differed from programmed dose rate patterns in total dose by 3.2% to 8.4%. The GUI controlled irradiator is able to accurately create dose rate patterns encountered in nuclear medicine and other related fields. This makes it an invaluable tool for studying the effects of chronic constant and variable low dose rates on biological tissues in the contexts of both radiation protection and clinical administration of internal radionuclides. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Control at stability's edge minimizes energetic costs: expert stick balancing

    PubMed Central

    Meyer, Ryan; Zhvanetsky, Max; Ridge, Sarah; Insperger, Tamás

    2016-01-01

    Stick balancing on the fingertip is a complex voluntary motor task that requires the stabilization of an unstable system. For seated expert stick balancers, the time delay is 0.23 s, the shortest stick that can be balanced for 240 s is 0.32 m and there is a ° dead zone for the estimation of the vertical displacement angle in the saggital plane. These observations motivate a switching-type, pendulum–cart model for balance control which uses an internal model to compensate for the time delay by predicting the sensory consequences of the stick's movements. Numerical simulations using the semi-discretization method suggest that the feedback gains are tuned near the edge of stability. For these choices of the feedback gains, the cost function which takes into account the position of the fingertip and the corrective forces is minimized. Thus, expert stick balancers optimize control with a combination of quick manoeuvrability and minimum energy expenditures. PMID:27278361

  7. Systems and Methods for Parameter Dependent Riccati Equation Approaches to Adaptive Control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kim, Kilsoo (Inventor); Yucelen, Tansel (Inventor); Calise, Anthony J. (Inventor)

    2015-01-01

    Systems and methods for adaptive control are disclosed. The systems and methods can control uncertain dynamic systems. The control system can comprise a controller that employs a parameter dependent Riccati equation. The controller can produce a response that causes the state of the system to remain bounded. The control system can control both minimum phase and non-minimum phase systems. The control system can augment an existing, non-adaptive control design without modifying the gains employed in that design. The control system can also avoid the use of high gains in both the observer design and the adaptive control law.

  8. Predicting Minimum Control Speed on the Ground (VMCG) and Minimum Control Airspeed (VMCA) of Engine Inoperative Flight Using Aerodynamic Database and Propulsion Database Generators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hadder, Eric Michael

    There are many computer aided engineering tools and software used by aerospace engineers to design and predict specific parameters of an airplane. These tools help a design engineer predict and calculate such parameters such as lift, drag, pitching moment, takeoff range, maximum takeoff weight, maximum flight range and much more. However, there are very limited ways to predict and calculate the minimum control speeds of an airplane in engine inoperative flight. There are simple solutions, as well as complicated solutions, yet there is neither standard technique nor consistency throughout the aerospace industry. To further complicate this subject, airplane designers have the option of using an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS), which directly alters the minimum control speeds of an airplane. This work addresses this issue with a tool used to predict and calculate the Minimum Control Speed on the Ground (VMCG) as well as the Minimum Control Airspeed (VMCA) of any existing or design-stage airplane. With simple line art of an airplane, a program called VORLAX is used to generate an aerodynamic database used to calculate the stability derivatives of an airplane. Using another program called Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS), a propulsion database is generated to use with the aerodynamic database to calculate both VMCG and VMCA. This tool was tested using two airplanes, the Airbus A320 and the Lockheed Martin C130J-30 Super Hercules. The A320 does not use an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS), whereas the C130J-30 does use an ATCS. The tool was able to properly calculate and match known values of VMCG and VMCA for both of the airplanes. The fact that this tool was able to calculate the known values of VMCG and VMCA for both airplanes means that this tool would be able to predict the VMCG and VMCA of an airplane in the preliminary stages of design. This would allow design engineers the ability to use an Automatic Thrust Control System (ATCS) as part of the design of an airplane and still have the ability to predict the VMCG and VMCA of the airplane.

  9. Alloy chemistry and microstructural control to meet the demands of the automotive Stirling engine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stephens, Joseph R.

    1988-01-01

    The automotive Stirling engine now under development by DOE/NASA as an alternative to the internal combustion engine, imposes severe materials requirements for the hot portion of the engine. Materials selected must be low cost and contain a minimum of strategic elements so that availability is not a problem. Heater head tubes contain high pressure hydrogen on the inside and are exposed to hot combustion gases on the outside surface. The cylinders and regenerator housings must be readily castable into complex shapes having varying wall thicknesses and be amenable to brazing and welding operations. Also, high strength, oxidation resistance, resistance to hydrogen permeation, cyclic operation, and long-life are required. A research program conducted by NASA Lewis focused on alloy chemistry and microstructural control to achieve the desired properties over the life of the engine. Results of alloy selection, characterization, evaluation, and actual engine testing of selected materials are presented.

  10. Alloy chemistry and microstructural control to meet the demands of the automotive Stirling engine

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Stephens, J. R.

    1986-01-01

    The automotive Stirling engine now under development by DOE/NASA as an alternative to the internal combustion engine, imposes severe materials requirements for the hot portion of the engine. Materials selected must be low cost and contain a minimum of strategic elements so that availability is not a problem. Heater head tubes contain high pressure hydrogen on the inside and are exposed to hot combustion gases on the outside surface. The cylinders and regenerator housings must be readily castable into complex shapes having varying wall thicknesses and be amenable to brazing and welding operations. Also, high strength, oxidation resistance, resistance to hydrogen permeation, cyclic operation, and long-life are required. A research program conducted by NASA Lewis focused on alloy chemistry and microstructural control to achieve the desired properties over the life of the engine. Results of alloy selection, characterization, evaluation, and actual engine testing of selected materials are presented.

  11. Nonlinear Modeling and Control of a Propellant Mixer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barbieri, Enrique; Richter, Hanz; Figueroa, Fernando

    2003-01-01

    A mixing chamber used in rocket engine combustion testing at NASA Stennis Space Center is modeled by a second order nonlinear MIMO system. The mixer is used to condition the thermodynamic properties of cryogenic liquid propellant by controlled injection of the same substance in the gaseous phase. The three inputs of the mixer are the positions of the valves regulating the liquid and gas flows at the inlets, and the position of the exit valve regulating the flow of conditioned propellant. The outputs to be tracked and/or regulated are mixer internal pressure, exit mass flow, and exit temperature. The outputs must conform to test specifications dictated by the type of rocket engine or component being tested downstream of the mixer. Feedback linearization is used to achieve tracking and regulation of the outputs. It is shown that the system is minimum-phase provided certain conditions on the parameters are satisfied. The conditions are shown to have physical interpretation.

  12. Numerical Studies of a Fluidic Diverter for Flow Control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gokoglu, Suleyman A.; Kuczmarski, Maria A.; Culley, Dennis E.; Raghu, Surya

    2009-01-01

    The internal flow structure in a specific fluidic diverter is studied over a range from low subsonic to sonic inlet conditions by a time-dependent numerical analysis. The understanding will aid in the development of fluidic diverters with minimum pressure losses and advanced designs of flow control actuators. The velocity, temperature and pressure fields are calculated for subsonic conditions and the self-induced oscillatory behavior of the flow is successfully predicted. The results of our numerical studies have excellent agreement with our experimental measurements of oscillation frequencies. The acoustic speed in the gaseous medium is determined to be a key factor for up to sonic conditions in governing the mechanism of initiating the oscillations as well as determining its frequency. The feasibility of employing plasma actuation with a minimal perturbation level is demonstrated in steady-state calculations to also produce oscillation frequencies of our own choosing instead of being dependent on the fixed-geometry fluidic device.

  13. Modification and benchmarking of SKYSHINE-III for use with ISFSI cask arrays

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hertel, N.E.; Napolitano, D.G.

    1997-12-01

    Dry cask storage arrays are becoming more and more common at nuclear power plants in the United States. Title 10 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Part 72, limits doses at the controlled area boundary of these independent spent-fuel storage installations (ISFSI) to 0.25 mSv (25 mrem)/yr. The minimum controlled area boundaries of such a facility are determined by cask array dose calculations, which include direct radiation and radiation scattered by the atmosphere, also known as skyshine. NAC International (NAC) uses SKYSHINE-III to calculate the gamma-ray and neutron dose rates as a function of distance from ISFSI arrays. In thismore » paper, we present modifications to the SKYSHINE-III that more explicitly model cask arrays. In addition, we have benchmarked the radiation transport methods used in SKYSHINE-III against {sup 60}Co gamma-ray experiments and MCNP neutron calculations.« less

  14. Open reduction and internal fixation of osteoporotic acetabular fractures through the ilio-inguinal approach: use of buttress plates to control medial displacement of the quadrilateral surface.

    PubMed

    Peter, Robin E

    2015-01-01

    The number of acetabular fractures in the geriatric population requiring open reduction and internal fixation is increasing. Fractures with medial or anterior displacement are the most frequent types, and via the ilio-inguinal approach buttress plates have proved helpful to maintain the quadrilateral surface or medial acetabular wall. Seven to ten hole 3.5 mm reconstruction plates may be used as buttress plates, placed underneath the usual pelvic brim plate. This retrospective study presents our results with this technique in 13 patients at a minimum follow-up of 12 months (average, 31 months). 85% of the patients had a good result. The early onset of post-traumatic osteoarthritis necessitated total hip arthroplasty in two patients (15%) at 12 and 18 months follow-up, respectively. This treatment option should be considered in the surgeon's armamentarium when fixing these challenging cases. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Principles of Air Defense and Air Vehicle Penetration

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2000-03-01

    Range For reliable dateetien, the target signal must reach some minimum or threshold value called S . . When internal noise is the only interfer...analyze air defense and air vehicle penetration. Unique expected value models are developed with frequent numerical examples. Radar...penetrator in the presence of spurious returns from internal and external noise will be discussed. Tracking With sufficient sensor information to determine

  16. Moon Park: A research and educational facility

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kuriki, Kyoichi; Saito, Takao; Ogawa, Yukimasa

    1992-01-01

    Moon Park has been proposed as an International Space Year (ISY) event for international cooperative efforts. Moon Park will serve as a terrestrial demonstration of a prototype lunar base and provide research and educational opportunities. The kind of data that can be obtained in the Moon Park facilities is examined taking the minimum number of lunar base residents as an example.

  17. A finite state, finite memory minimum principle, part 2. [a discussion of game theory, signaling, stochastic processes, and control theory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sandell, N. R., Jr.; Athans, M.

    1975-01-01

    The development of the theory of the finite - state, finite - memory (FSFM) stochastic control problem is discussed. The sufficiency of the FSFM minimum principle (which is in general only a necessary condition) was investigated. By introducing the notion of a signaling strategy as defined in the literature on games, conditions under which the FSFM minimum principle is sufficient were determined. This result explicitly interconnects the information structure of the FSFM problem with its optimality conditions. The min-H algorithm for the FSFM problem was studied. It is demonstrated that a version of the algorithm always converges to a particular type of local minimum termed a person - by - person extremal.

  18. Minimum information about a single amplified genome (MISAG) and a metagenome-assembled genome (MIMAG) of bacteria and archaea

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bowers, Robert M.; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Stepanauskas, Ramunas

    The number of genomes from uncultivated microbes will soon surpass the number of isolate genomes in public databases (Hugenholtz, Skarshewski, & Parks, 2016). Technological advancements in high-throughput sequencing and assembly, including single-cell genomics and the computational extraction of genomes from metagenomes (GFMs), are largely responsible. Here we propose community standards for reporting the Minimum Information about a Single-Cell Genome (MIxS-SCG) and Minimum Information about Genomes extracted From Metagenomes (MIxS-GFM) specific for Bacteria and Archaea. The standards have been developed in the context of the International Genomics Standards Consortium (GSC) community (Field et al., 2014) and can be viewed as amore » supplement to other GSC checklists including the Minimum Information about a Genome Sequence (MIGS), Minimum information about a Metagenomic Sequence(s) (MIMS) (Field et al., 2008) and Minimum Information about a Marker Gene Sequence (MIMARKS) (P. Yilmaz et al., 2011). Community-wide acceptance of MIxS-SCG and MIxS-GFM for Bacteria and Archaea will enable broad comparative analyses of genomes from the majority of taxa that remain uncultivated, improving our understanding of microbial function, ecology, and evolution.« less

  19. Chemistry of Aviation Fuels

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Knepper, Bryan; Hwang, Soon Muk; DeWitt, Kenneth J.

    2004-01-01

    Minimum ignition energies of various methanol/air mixtures were measured in a temperature controlled constant volume combustion vessel using a spark ignition method with a spark gap distance of 2 mm. The minimum ignition energies decrease rapidly as the mixture composition (equivalence ratio, Phi) changes from lean to stoichiometric, reach a minimum value, and then increase rather slowly with Phi. The minimum of the minimum ignition energy (MIE) and the corresponding mixture composition were determined to be 0.137 mJ and Phi = 1.16, a slightly rich mixture. The variation of minimum ignition energy with respect to the mixture composition is explained in terms of changes in reaction chemistry.

  20. 40 CFR 60.2735 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... monitoring malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or quality control activities for... periods, or required monitoring system quality assurance or control activities in calculations used to... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring...

  1. 40 CFR 60.2735 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ....2770(o) of this part), and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities... periods, and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities including, as... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring...

  2. 75 FR 39500 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-09

    ... with ``Badge and vehicle control records that at a minimum include; name, Social Security Number (SSN... system: Badge and vehicle control records that at a minimum include; name, Social Security Number (SSN... maintenance of the system: 10 U.S.C. 8013, Secretary of the Air Force, Powers and Duties; Department of...

  3. Linking internal and external bacterial community control gives mechanistic framework for pelagic virus-to-bacteria ratios.

    PubMed

    Våge, Selina; Pree, Bernadette; Thingstad, T Frede

    2016-11-01

    For more than 25 years, virus-to-bacteria ratios (VBR) have been measured and interpreted as indicators of the importance of viruses in aquatic ecosystems, yet a generally accepted theory for understanding mechanisms controlling VBR is still lacking. Assuming that the denominator (total bacterial abundance) is primarily predator controlled, while viral lysis compensates for host growth rates exceeding this grazing loss, the numerator (viral abundance) reflects activity differences between prokaryotic hosts. VBR is then a ratio between mechanisms generating structure within the bacterial community and interactions between different plankton functional types controlling bacterial community size. We here show how these arguments can be formalized by combining a recently published model for co-evolutionary host-virus interactions, with a previously published "minimum" model for the microbial food web. The result is a framework where viral lysis links bacterial diversity to microbial food web structure and function, creating relationships between different levels of organization that are strongly modified by organism-level properties such as cost of resistance. © 2016 The Authors. Environmental Microbiology Reports published by Society for Applied Microbiology and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  4. 14 CFR 121.655 - Applicability of reported weather minimums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applicability of reported weather minimums... § 121.655 Applicability of reported weather minimums. In conducting operations under §§ 121.649 through 121.653, the ceiling and visibility values in the main body of the latest weather report control for...

  5. 14 CFR 121.655 - Applicability of reported weather minimums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applicability of reported weather minimums... § 121.655 Applicability of reported weather minimums. In conducting operations under §§ 121.649 through 121.653, the ceiling and visibility values in the main body of the latest weather report control for...

  6. 14 CFR 121.655 - Applicability of reported weather minimums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Applicability of reported weather minimums... § 121.655 Applicability of reported weather minimums. In conducting operations under §§ 121.649 through 121.653, the ceiling and visibility values in the main body of the latest weather report control for...

  7. 14 CFR 121.655 - Applicability of reported weather minimums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applicability of reported weather minimums... § 121.655 Applicability of reported weather minimums. In conducting operations under §§ 121.649 through 121.653, the ceiling and visibility values in the main body of the latest weather report control for...

  8. 14 CFR 121.655 - Applicability of reported weather minimums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability of reported weather minimums... § 121.655 Applicability of reported weather minimums. In conducting operations under §§ 121.649 through 121.653, the ceiling and visibility values in the main body of the latest weather report control for...

  9. A method exploiting direct communication between phasor measurement units for power system wide-area protection and control algorithms.

    PubMed

    Almas, Muhammad Shoaib; Vanfretti, Luigi

    2017-01-01

    Synchrophasor measurements from Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are the primary sensors used to deploy Wide-Area Monitoring, Protection and Control (WAMPAC) systems. PMUs stream out synchrophasor measurements through the IEEE C37.118.2 protocol using TCP/IP or UDP/IP. The proposed method establishes a direct communication between two PMUs, thus eliminating the requirement of an intermediate phasor data concentrator, data mediator and/or protocol parser and thereby ensuring minimum communication latency without considering communication link delays. This method allows utilizing synchrophasor measurements internally in a PMU to deploy custom protection and control algorithms. These algorithms are deployed using protection logic equations which are supported by all the PMU vendors. Moreover, this method reduces overall equipment cost as the algorithms execute internally in a PMU and therefore does not require any additional controller for their deployment. The proposed method can be utilized for fast prototyping of wide-area measurements based protection and control applications. The proposed method is tested by coupling commercial PMUs as Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) with Opal-RT's eMEGAsim Real-Time Simulator (RTS). As illustrative example, anti-islanding protection application is deployed using proposed method and its performance is assessed. The essential points in the method are: •Bypassing intermediate phasor data concentrator or protocol parsers as the synchrophasors are communicated directly between the PMUs (minimizes communication delays).•Wide Area Protection and Control Algorithm is deployed using logic equations in the client PMU, therefore eliminating the requirement for an external hardware controller (cost curtailment)•Effortless means to exploit PMU measurements in an environment familiar to protection engineers.

  10. Associations between frequency of bullying involvement and adjustment in adolescence.

    PubMed

    Gower, Amy L; Borowsky, Iris W

    2013-01-01

    To examine whether infrequent bullying perpetration and victimization (once or twice a month) are associated with elevated levels of internalizing and externalizing problems and to assess evidence for a minimum frequency threshold for bullying involvement. The analytic sample included 128,681 6th, 9th, and 12th graders who completed the 2010 Minnesota Student Survey. Logistic regression and general linear models examined the association between bullying frequency and adjustment correlates including emotional distress, self-harm, physical fighting, and substance use while controlling for demographic characteristics. Gender and grade were included as moderators. Infrequent bullying perpetration and victimization were associated with increased levels of all adjustment problems relative to those who did not engage in bullying in the past 30 days. Grade moderated many of these findings, with perpetration frequency being more strongly related to substance use, self-harm, and suicidal ideation for 6th graders than 12th graders, whereas victimization frequency was associated with self-harm more strongly for 12th graders than 6th graders. Evidence for minimum thresholds for bullying involvement across all outcomes, grades, and bullying roles was inconsistent. Infrequent bullying involvement may pose risks to adolescent adjustment; thus, clinicians and school personnel should address even isolated instances of bullying behavior. Researchers should reexamine the use of cut points in bullying research in order to more fully understand the nature of bullying in adolescence. These data indicate the need for prevention and intervention programs that target diverse internalizing and externalizing problems for bullies and victims, regardless of bullying frequency. Copyright © 2013 Academic Pediatric Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Impact of automatization in temperature series in Spain and comparison with the POST-AWS dataset

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aguilar, Enric; López-Díaz, José Antonio; Prohom Duran, Marc; Gilabert, Alba; Luna Rico, Yolanda; Venema, Victor; Auchmann, Renate; Stepanek, Petr; Brandsma, Theo

    2016-04-01

    Climate data records are most of the times affected by inhomogeneities. Especially inhomogeneities introducing network-wide biases are sometimes related to changes happening almost simultaneously in an entire network. Relative homogenization is difficult in these cases, especially at the daily scale. A good example of this is the substitution of manual observations (MAN) by automatic weather stations (AWS). Parallel measurements (i.e. records taken at the same time with the old (MAN) and new (AWS) sensors can provide an idea of the bias introduced and help to evaluate the suitability of different correction approaches. We present here a quality controlled dataset compiled under the DAAMEC Project, comprising 46 stations across Spain and over 85,000 parallel measurements (AWS-MAN) of daily maximum and minimum temperature. We study the differences between both sensors and compare it with the available metadata to account for internal inhomogeneities. The differences between both systems vary much across stations, with patterns more related to their particular settings than to climatic/geographical reasons. The typical median biases (AWS-MAN) by station (comprised between the interquartile range) oscillate between -0.2°C and 0.4 in daily maximum temperature and between -0.4°C and 0.2°C in daily minimum temperature. These and other results are compared with a larger network, the Parallel Observations Scientific Team, a working group of the International Surface Temperatures Initiative (ISTI-POST) dataset, which comprises our stations, as well as others from different countries in America, Asia and Europe.

  12. International water and steam quality standards for thermal power station drum-type and waste heat recovery boilers with the treatment of boiler water with phosphates and NaOH

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petrova, T. I.; Orlov, K. A.; Dooley, R. B.

    2017-01-01

    One of the ways for improving the operational reliability and economy of thermal power station equipment, including combined-cycle equipment, is to decrease the rates of the corrosion of constructional materials and the formation of scales in the water-steam circuit. These processes can be reduced to a minimum via the use of water with a minimum content of admixtures and the correction treatment of a heat-transfer fluid. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam (IAPWS), which unites specialists from every country of the world, has developed water and steam quality standards for power station equipment of different types on the basis of theoretical studies and long-term experience in the operation of power plants in 21 countries. Different water chemistry regimes are currently used at conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. This paper describes the conditions for the implementation of water chemistry regimes with the use of sodium salts of phosphoric acid and NaOH for the quality correction of boiler water. Water and steam quality standards and some recommendations for their maintenance under different operational conditions are given for each of the considered water chemistry regimes. The standards are designed for the water-steam circuit of conventional and combined-cycle thermal power stations. It is pointed out that the quality control of a heat-transfer fluid must be especially careful at combined-cycle thermal power stations with frequent startups and shutdowns.

  13. Cosmic acceleration from M theory on twisted spaces

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Neupane, Ishwaree P.; Wiltshire, David L.

    2005-10-15

    In a recent paper [I. P. Neupane and D. L. Wiltshire, Phys. Lett. B 619, 201 (2005).] we have found a new class of accelerating cosmologies arising from a time-dependent compactification of classical supergravity on product spaces that include one or more geometric twists along with nontrivial curved internal spaces. With such effects, a scalar potential can have a local minimum with positive vacuum energy. The existence of such a minimum generically predicts a period of accelerated expansion in the four-dimensional Einstein conformal frame. Here we extend our knowledge of these cosmological solutions by presenting new examples and discuss themore » properties of the solutions in a more general setting. We also relate the known (asymptotic) solutions for multiscalar fields with exponential potentials to the accelerating solutions arising from simple (or twisted) product spaces for internal manifolds.« less

  14. Definitions of terms, processes and a minimum dataset for transperineal prostate biopsies: a standardization approach of the Ginsburg Study Group for Enhanced Prostate Diagnostics.

    PubMed

    Kuru, Timur H; Wadhwa, Karan; Chang, Richard Tsung Meng; Echeverria, Lina Maria Carmona; Roethke, Matthias; Polson, Alexander; Rottenberg, Giles; Koo, Brendan; Lawrence, Edward M; Seidenader, Jonas; Gnanapragasam, Vincent; Axell, Richard; Roth, Wilfried; Warren, Anne; Doble, Andrew; Muir, Gordon; Popert, Rick; Schlemmer, Heinz-Peter; Hadaschik, Boris A; Kastner, Christof

    2013-09-01

    To define terms and processes and agree on a minimum dataset in relation to transperineal prostate biopsy procedures and enhanced prostate diagnostics. To identify the need for further evaluation and establish a collaborative research practice. A 19-member multidisciplinary panel rated 66 items for their appropriateness and their definition to be incorporated into the international databank using the Research and Development/University of California Los Angeles Appropriateness Method. The item list was developed from interviews conducted with healthcare professionals from urology, radiology, pathology and engineering. The panel agreed on 56 items that were appropriate to be incorporated into a prospective database. In total, 10 items were uncertain and were omitted. These items were within the categories: definitions (n = 2), imaging (n = 1), surgical protocols (n = 2) and histology (n = 5). The components of a minimum dataset for transperineal prostate biopsy have been defined. This provides an opportunity for multicentre collaborative data analysis and technique development. The findings of the present study will facilitate prospective studies into the application and outcome of transperineal prostate biopsies. © 2013 BJU International.

  15. Minimum health and safety requirements for workers exposed to hand-transmitted vibration and whole-body vibration in the European Union; a review

    PubMed Central

    Griffin, M

    2004-01-01

    In 2002, the Parliament and Commission of the European Community agreed "minimum health and safety requirements" for the exposure of workers to the risks arising from vibration. The Directive defines qualitative requirements and also quantitative requirements in the form of "exposure action values" and "exposure limit values". The quantitative guidance is based on, but appears to conflict with, the guidance in International Standards for hand-transmitted vibration (ISO 5349) and whole-body vibration (ISO 2631). There is a large internal inconsistency within the Directive for short duration exposures to whole-body vibration: the two alternative methods give very different values. It would appear prudent to base actions on the qualitative guidance (i.e. reducing risk to a minimum) and only refer to the quantitative guidance where there is no other reasonable basis for the identification of risk (i.e. similar exposures are not a suspected cause of injury). Health surveillance and other precautions will be appropriate wherever there is reason to suspect a risk and will not be restricted to conditions where the exposure action value is exceeded. PMID:15090658

  16. A randomized controlled trial of simulation-based training for ear, nose, and throat emergencies.

    PubMed

    Smith, Matthew Edward; Navaratnam, Annakan; Jablenska, Lily; Dimitriadis, Panagiotis A; Sharma, Rishi

    2015-08-01

    Life-threatening ear, nose, and throat (ENT) emergencies are uncommon but require immediate skilled management. We investigated if traditional lecture-based teaching can be improved by a simulation and lecture hybrid approach. A single-blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trial. Two groups of interns with no previous ENT experience were randomized to one of two training groups: a simulation/lecture hybrid group or a lecture-only control group. Both groups received 90 minutes of training covering the assessment of critically ill patients and four ENT emergency topics. Both groups received the same initial lecture slides. The control group received additional slides, and the simulation group received simulated emergency scenario training using basic mannequins. Following the training, candidates were asked to provide feedback on their perception of training, and they were formally assessed with a standardized one-to-one viva. Thirty-eight interns were recruited: 18 in the control group and 20 in the simulation group. The candidates in the simulation group performed significantly better in all viva situations (P < .05) and had better perception of learning (P < .05). Additionally, the simulation group was more likely to recommend the training to a colleague (P < .05). We have demonstrated that replacing traditional lecture-based training with a mixture of lectures and emergency scenario simulation is more effective at preparing junior doctors for ENT emergencies, and better met their learning needs. Implementing this kind of teaching is feasible with a minimum of additional resources or time. 1b © 2015 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

  17. Support for alcohol policies from drinkers in the City of Tshwane, South Africa: Data from the International Alcohol Control study.

    PubMed

    Parry, Charles D H; Trangenstein, Pamela; Lombard, Carl; Jernigan, David H; Morojele, Neo K

    2018-04-01

    South Africa is considering a range of alcohol policy reforms. This study aims to determine the magnitude of public support for 13 alcohol policies in the Tshwane Metropolitan Municipality and whether this varies by demographic factors and heavy drinking status. Data are from the South African arm of the International Alcohol Control study, a household survey of adult drinkers using a multistage stratified cluster random sampling design. The sample included 1920 drinkers aged 18-65 years (62% men), with complete drinking data for 16 drinking locations on 955 persons (510 heavy and 445 not heavy drinkers). Over half (53%) of the sample were found to be heavy drinkers. Support varied by alcohol policy, ranging from 31% to 77%, with support above 50% for 11 of the 13 policies. Policy support was higher for policies increasing the purchase age to 21 years (77%), addressing drink driving (58-76%) and restricting physical availability (60-66%). There was slightly less support for policies restricting alcohol marketing (59%) or for policies increasing the price of alcohol (34-58%), especially if no justification was given or the funds were not earmarked. Policy support differed by age, gender, heavy drinking status and income. Public support from adult drinkers for a range of alcohol policies is extensive and, as found elsewhere, was strongest for raising the minimum drinking age and lowest for increasing prices. The support from drinkers to increasing controls on alcohol could be one lever to getting control measures implemented. [Parry CDH, Trangenstein P, Lombard C, Jernigan DH, Morojele NK. Support for alcohol policies from drinkers in the City of Tshwane, South Africa: Data from the International Alcohol Control study. Drug Alcohol Rev 2017;00:000-000]. © 2017 The Authors Drug and Alcohol Review published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

  18. Technical Consultation of the International Space Station (ISS) Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) Cooling Water Chemistry

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gentz, Steven J.; Rotter, Hank A.; Easton, Myriam; Lince, Jeffrey; Park, Woonsup; Stewart, Thomas; Speckman, Donna; Dexter, Stephen; Kelly, Robert

    2005-01-01

    The Internal Active Thermal Control System (IATCS) coolant exhibited unexpected chemical changes during the first year of on-orbit operation following the launch and activation in February 2001. The coolant pH dropped from 9.3 to below the minimum specification limit of 9.0, and re-equilibrated between 8.3 and 8.5. This drop in coolant pH was shown to be the result of permeation of CO2 from the cabin into the coolant via Teflon flexible hoses which created carbonic acid in the fluid. This unexpected diffusion was the result of having a cabin CO2 partial pressure higher than the ground partial pressure (average 4.0 mmHg vs. less than 0.2 mmHg). This drop in pH was followed by a concurrent increasing coolant nickel concentration. No other metal ions were observed in the coolant and based on previous tests, the source of nickel ion was thought to be the boron nickel (BNi) braze intermetallics used in the construction of HXs and cold plates. Specifically, BNi2 braze alloy was used for the IATCS IFHX and BNi3 braze alloy was used for the IATCS Airlock Servicing and Performance Checkout Unit (SPCU) HX and cold plates. Given the failure criticality of the HXs, a Corrosion Team was established by the IATCS CWG to determine the impact of the nickel corrosion on hardware performance life.

  19. 47 CFR 73.207 - Minimum distance separation between stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... kW ERP and 100 meters antenna HAAT (or equivalent lower ERP and higher antenna HAAT based on a class... which have been notified internationally as Class A are limited to a maximum of 3.0 kW ERP at 100 meters... internationally as Class AA are limited to a maximum of 6.0 kW ERP at 100 meters HAAT, or the equivalent; (iii) U...

  20. Differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer using acoustic radiation force impulse imaging.

    PubMed

    Teke, Memik; Teke, Fatma; Alan, Bircan; Türkoğlu, Ahmet; Hamidi, Cihad; Göya, Cemil; Hattapoğlu, Salih; Gumus, Metehan

    2017-01-01

    Differentiation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) from carcinoma with routine imaging methods, such as ultrasonography (US) and mammography, is difficult. Therefore, we evaluated the value of a newly developed noninvasive technique called acoustic radiation force impulse imaging in differentiating IGM versus malignant lesions in the breast. Four hundred and eighty-six patients, who were referred to us with a presumptive diagnosis of a mass, underwent Virtual Touch tissue imaging (VTI; Siemens) and Virtual Touch tissue quantification (VTQ; Siemens) after conventional gray-scale US. US-guided percutaneous needle biopsy was then performed on 276 lesions with clinically and radiologically suspicious features. Malignant lesions (n = 122) and IGM (n = 48) were included in the final study group. There was a statistically significant difference in shear wave velocity marginal and internal values between the IGM and malignant lesions. The median marginal velocity for IGM and malignant lesions was 3.19 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.49-5.82) and 5.05 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.09-8.46), respectively (p < 0.001). The median internal velocity for IGM and malignant lesions was 2.76 m/s (minimum-maximum 1.14-4.12) and 4.79 m/s (minimum-maximum 2.12-8.02), respectively (p < 0.001). The combination of VTI and VTQ as a complement to conventional US provides viscoelastic properties of tissues, and thus has the potential to increase the specificity of US.

  1. A tool for filtering information in complex systems

    PubMed Central

    Tumminello, M.; Aste, T.; Di Matteo, T.; Mantegna, R. N.

    2005-01-01

    We introduce a technique to filter out complex data sets by extracting a subgraph of representative links. Such a filtering can be tuned up to any desired level by controlling the genus of the resulting graph. We show that this technique is especially suitable for correlation-based graphs, giving filtered graphs that preserve the hierarchical organization of the minimum spanning tree but containing a larger amount of information in their internal structure. In particular in the case of planar filtered graphs (genus equal to 0), triangular loops and four-element cliques are formed. The application of this filtering procedure to 100 stocks in the U.S. equity markets shows that such loops and cliques have important and significant relationships with the market structure and properties. PMID:16027373

  2. A tool for filtering information in complex systems.

    PubMed

    Tumminello, M; Aste, T; Di Matteo, T; Mantegna, R N

    2005-07-26

    We introduce a technique to filter out complex data sets by extracting a subgraph of representative links. Such a filtering can be tuned up to any desired level by controlling the genus of the resulting graph. We show that this technique is especially suitable for correlation-based graphs, giving filtered graphs that preserve the hierarchical organization of the minimum spanning tree but containing a larger amount of information in their internal structure. In particular in the case of planar filtered graphs (genus equal to 0), triangular loops and four-element cliques are formed. The application of this filtering procedure to 100 stocks in the U.S. equity markets shows that such loops and cliques have important and significant relationships with the market structure and properties.

  3. A single-blinded, single-centre, controlled study in healthy adult smokers to identify the effects of a reduced toxicant prototype cigarette on biomarkers of exposure and of biological effect versus commercial cigarettes

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background Despite universal acceptance that smoking is harmful, a substantial number of adults continue to smoke. The development of potential reduced exposure products (more recently termed modified risk tobacco products) has been suggested as a way to reduce the risks of tobacco smoking. This trial is designed to investigate whether changes in toxicant exposure after switching from a commercial to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette (7 mg International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) tar yield) can be assessed by measurement of biomarkers and other factors. The primary objective is to descriptively assess changes in selected biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of biological effect (BoBE) within participants and within and between groups after switching. Secondary objectives are to assess similarly changes in other biomarkers, quality of life, smoking behaviours, physiological measures, mouth-level exposure to toxicants and sensory perception. Methods/design This trial will assess current smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers in a single-centre single-blind, controlled clinical trial with a forced-switching design and in-clinic (residential) and ambulatory (non-residential) periods. Smokers will be aged 23–55 years (minimum legal smoking age plus 5 years) and non-smokers 28–55 years (minimum legal smoking age plus 5 years, plus minimum 5 years since last smoked). Smokers will be allowed to smoke freely at all times. We will assess changes in selected BoE and BoBE and effective dose in urine and blood after switching. Creatinine concentrations in serum, creatinine clearance in urine, cotinine concentration in saliva, diaries and collection of spent cigarette filters will be used to assess compliance with the study protocol. Mouth-level exposure to toxins will be assessed by filter analysis. Discussion Data from this study are expected to improve scientific understanding of the effects of RTP cigarettes on BoE and BoBE, and give insights into study design for clinical assessment of potential MRTPs. Trial registration The study was registered in the Current Controlled Trials database under the reference ISRCTN81286286. PMID:23895296

  4. A single-blinded, single-centre, controlled study in healthy adult smokers to identify the effects of a reduced toxicant prototype cigarette on biomarkers of exposure and of biological effect versus commercial cigarettes.

    PubMed

    Shepperd, Christopher J; Newland, Nik; Eldridge, Alison; Graff, Don; Meyer, Ingo

    2013-07-29

    Despite universal acceptance that smoking is harmful, a substantial number of adults continue to smoke. The development of potential reduced exposure products (more recently termed modified risk tobacco products) has been suggested as a way to reduce the risks of tobacco smoking. This trial is designed to investigate whether changes in toxicant exposure after switching from a commercial to reduced toxicant prototype (RTP) cigarette (7 mg International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) tar yield) can be assessed by measurement of biomarkers and other factors. The primary objective is to descriptively assess changes in selected biomarkers of exposure (BoE) and biomarkers of biological effect (BoBE) within participants and within and between groups after switching. Secondary objectives are to assess similarly changes in other biomarkers, quality of life, smoking behaviours, physiological measures, mouth-level exposure to toxicants and sensory perception. This trial will assess current smokers, ex-smokers and never-smokers in a single-centre single-blind, controlled clinical trial with a forced-switching design and in-clinic (residential) and ambulatory (non-residential) periods. Smokers will be aged 23-55 years (minimum legal smoking age plus 5 years) and non-smokers 28-55 years (minimum legal smoking age plus 5 years, plus minimum 5 years since last smoked). Smokers will be allowed to smoke freely at all times. We will assess changes in selected BoE and BoBE and effective dose in urine and blood after switching. Creatinine concentrations in serum, creatinine clearance in urine, cotinine concentration in saliva, diaries and collection of spent cigarette filters will be used to assess compliance with the study protocol. Mouth-level exposure to toxins will be assessed by filter analysis. Data from this study are expected to improve scientific understanding of the effects of RTP cigarettes on BoE and BoBE, and give insights into study design for clinical assessment of potential MRTPs. The study was registered in the Current Controlled Trials database under the reference ISRCTN81286286.

  5. Handling performance control for hybrid 8-wheel-drive vehicle and simulation verification

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ni, Jun; Hu, Jibin

    2016-08-01

    In order to improve handling performance of a hybrid 8-Wheel-Drive vehicle, the handling performance control strategy was proposed. For armoured vehicle, besides handling stability in high speed, the minimum steer radius in low speed is also a key tactical and technical index. Based on that, the proposed handling performance control strategy includes 'Handling Stability' and 'Radius Minimization' control modes. In 'Handling Stability' control mode, 'Neutralsteer Radio' is defined to adjust the steering characteristics to satisfy different demand in different speed range. In 'Radius Minimization' control mode, the independent motors are controlled to provide an additional yaw moment to decrease the minimum steer radius. In order to verify the strategy, a simulation platform was built including engine and continuously variable transmission systems, generator and battery systems, independent motors and controllers systems, vehicle dynamic and tyre mechanical systems. The simulation results show that the handling performance of the vehicle can be enhanced significantly, and the minimum steer radius can be decreased by 20% which is significant improvement compared to the common level of main battle armoured vehicle around the world.

  6. 40 CFR 60.2170 - Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Is there a minimum amount of monitoring..., 2001 Monitoring § 60.2170 Is there a minimum amount of monitoring data I must obtain? (a) Except for monitor malfunctions, associated repairs, and required quality assurance or quality control activities...

  7. Minimum Wages and School Enrollment of Teenagers: A Look at the 1990's.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chaplin, Duncan D.; Turner, Mark D.; Pape, Andreas, D.

    2003-01-01

    Estimates the effects of higher minimum wages on school enrollment using the Common Core of Data. Controlling for local labor market conditions and state and year fixed effects, finds some evidence that higher minimum wages reduce teen school enrollment in states where students drop out before age 18. (23 references) (Author/PKP)

  8. 30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

  9. 30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

  10. 30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

  11. 30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

  12. 30 CFR 18.98 - Enclosures, joints, and fastenings; pressure testing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... consistent with unyielding components during a pressure-time history as derived from a series of oscillograms...; pressure testing. (a) Cast or welded enclosures shall be designed to withstand a minimum internal pressure...

  13. Kinematic parameters of second-mode internal waves in the South China Sea

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kurkina, Oxana; Talipova, Tatiana; Kurkin, Andrey; Naumov, Alexander; Rybin, Artem

    2017-04-01

    Kinematic parameters of second-mode internal waves (in the framework of weakly nonlinear model of the Gardner equation) are calculated for the region of the South China Sea on a base of GDEM climatology. The prognostic parameters of the model include phase speed of long linear waves, coefficients of dispersion, quadratic and cubic nonlinearity, location (in vertical) of minimum, zero and maximum of the second vertical baroclinic mode and the ratio of its maximal and minimal values. All the parameters are presented in the form of geographical maps for winter (January) and summer (July) seasons. Frequence (in the sense of occurrence) histograms and scatter plots with depth are also given for all the parameters. Special attention is paid to the conditions of normalizing for internal waves of the second mode, as it possesses two extremes. Here some freedom exists, but for correct further modeling of internal waves within the Gardner model one has to fix and keep the same normalization (at maximum or at minimum) for whole a basin. Constructed arrays of prognostic parameters of second-mode internal waves are necessary for the estimations of shape and width (at fixed amplitude) of internal solitary and breather-like waves, limiting amplitudes of internal solitary waves of different families, for assessment of near-bed and near-surface flows induced by such waves, and for evaluation of transport distance for dissolved and suspended matter. The presented results of research are obtained with the support of the Russian Foundation for Basic Research grant 16-05-00049.

  14. Quality specification and status of internal quality control of cardiac biomarkers in China from 2011 to 2016.

    PubMed

    Li, Tingting; Wang, Wei; Zhao, Haijian; He, Falin; Zhong, Kun; Yuan, Shuai; Wang, Zhiguo

    2017-09-07

    This study aimed to investigate the status of internal quality control (IQC) for cardiac biomarkers from 2011 to 2016 so that we can have overall knowledge of the precision level of measurements in China and set appropriate precision specifications. Internal quality control data of cardiac biomarkers, including creatinine kinase MB (CK-MB) (μg/L), CK-MB(U/L), myoglobin (Mb), cardiac troponin I (cTnI), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), and homocysteines (HCY), were collected by a web-based external quality assessment (EQA) system. Percentages of laboratories meeting five precision quality specifications for current coefficient of variations (CVs) were calculated. Then, appropriate precision specifications were chosen for these six analytes. Finally, the CVs and IQC practice were further analyzed with different grouping methods. The current CVs remained nearly constant for 6 years. cTnT had the highest pass rates every year against five specifications, whereas HCY had the lowest pass rates. Overall, most analytes had a satisfactory performance (pass rates >80%), except for HCY, if one-third TEa or the minimum specification were employed. When the optimal specification was applied, the performance of most analytes was frustrating (pass rates < 60%) except for cTnT. The appropriate precision specifications of Mb, cTnI, cTnT and HCY were set as current CVs less than 9.20%, 9.90%, 7.50%, 10.54%, 7.63%, and 6.67%, respectively. The data of IQC practices indicated wide variation and substantial progress. The precision performance of cTnT was already satisfying, while the other five analytes, especially HCY, were still frustrating; thus, ongoing investigation and continuous improvement for IQC are still needed. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  15. Energy and IAQ Implications of Alternative Minimum Ventilation Rates in California Retail and School Buildings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dutton, Spencer M.; Fisk, William J.

    For a stand-alone retail building, a primary school, and a secondary school in each of the 16 California climate zones, the EnergyPlus building energy simulation model was used to estimate how minimum mechanical ventilation rates (VRs) affect energy use and indoor air concentrations of an indoor-generated contaminant. The modeling indicates large changes in heating energy use, but only moderate changes in total building energy use, as minimum VRs in the retail building are changed. For example, predicted state-wide heating energy consumption in the retail building decreases by more than 50% and total building energy consumption decreases by approximately 10% asmore » the minimum VR decreases from the Title 24 requirement to no mechanical ventilation. The primary and secondary schools have notably higher internal heat gains than in the retail building models, resulting in significantly reduced demand for heating. The school heating energy use was correspondingly less sensitive to changes in the minimum VR. The modeling indicates that minimum VRs influence HVAC energy and total energy use in schools by only a few percent. For both the retail building and the school buildings, minimum VRs substantially affected the predicted annual-average indoor concentrations of an indoor generated contaminant, with larger effects in schools. The shape of the curves relating contaminant concentrations with VRs illustrate the importance of avoiding particularly low VRs.« less

  16. A finite-state, finite-memory minimum principle, part 2

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sandell, N. R., Jr.; Athans, M.

    1975-01-01

    In part 1 of this paper, a minimum principle was found for the finite-state, finite-memory (FSFM) stochastic control problem. In part 2, conditions for the sufficiency of the minimum principle are stated in terms of the informational properties of the problem. This is accomplished by introducing the notion of a signaling strategy. Then a min-H algorithm based on the FSFM minimum principle is presented. This algorithm converges, after a finite number of steps, to a person - by - person extremal solution.

  17. Droplet digital PCR-based EGFR mutation detection with an internal quality control index to determine the quality of DNA.

    PubMed

    Kim, Sung-Su; Choi, Hyun-Jeung; Kim, Jin Ju; Kim, M Sun; Lee, In-Seon; Byun, Bohyun; Jia, Lina; Oh, Myung Ryurl; Moon, Youngho; Park, Sarah; Choi, Joon-Seok; Chae, Seoung Wan; Nam, Byung-Ho; Kim, Jin-Soo; Kim, Jihun; Min, Byung Soh; Lee, Jae Seok; Won, Jae-Kyung; Cho, Soo Youn; Choi, Yoon-La; Shin, Young Kee

    2018-01-11

    In clinical translational research and molecular in vitro diagnostics, a major challenge in the detection of genetic mutations is overcoming artefactual results caused by the low-quality of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue (FFPET)-derived DNA (FFPET-DNA). Here, we propose the use of an 'internal quality control (iQC) index' as a criterion for judging the minimum quality of DNA for PCR-based analyses. In a pre-clinical study comparing the results from droplet digital PCR-based EGFR mutation test (ddEGFR test) and qPCR-based EGFR mutation test (cobas EGFR test), iQC index ≥ 0.5 (iQC copies ≥ 500, using 3.3 ng of FFPET-DNA [1,000 genome equivalents]) was established, indicating that more than half of the input DNA was amplifiable. Using this criterion, we conducted a retrospective comparative clinical study of the ddEGFR and cobas EGFR tests for the detection of EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) FFPET-DNA samples. Compared with the cobas EGFR test, the ddEGFR test exhibited superior analytical performance and equivalent or higher clinical performance. Furthermore, iQC index is a reliable indicator of the quality of FFPET-DNA and could be used to prevent incorrect diagnoses arising from low-quality samples.

  18. Design and Fabrication of a Composite Morphing Radiator Panel Using High Conductivity Fibers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wescott, Matthew T.; McQuien, J. Scott; Bertagne, Christopher L.; Whitcomb, John D.; Hart, Darren J.; Erickson, Lisa R.

    2017-01-01

    Upcoming crewed space missions will involve large internal and external heat loads and require advanced thermal control systems to maintain a desired internal environment temperature. Radiators with at least 12:1 turndown ratios (the ratio between the maximum and minimum heat rejection rates) will be needed. However, current technologies are only able to achieve turndown ratios of approximately 3:1. A morphing radiator capable of altering shape could significantly increase turndown capabilities. Shape memory alloys offer qualities that may be well suited for this endeavor; their temperature-dependent phase changes could offer radiators the ability to passively control heat rejection. In 2015, a morphing radiator prototype was constructed and tested in a thermal vacuum environment, where it successfully demonstrated the morphing behavior and variable heat rejection. Newer composite prototypes have since been designed and manufactured using two distinct types of SMA materials. These models underwent temperature cycling tests in a thermal vacuum chamber and a series of fatigue tests to characterize the lifespan of these designs. The focus of this paper is to present the design approach and testing of the morphing composite facesheet. The discussion includes: an overall description of the project background, definition of performance requirements, composite materials selection, use of analytic and numerical design tools, facesheet fabrication, and finally fatigue testing with accompanying results.

  19. Relationship between internal medicine program board examination pass rates, accreditation standards, and program size.

    PubMed

    Falcone, John L; Gonzalo, Jed D

    2014-01-19

    To determine Internal Medicine residency program compliance with the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education 80% pass-rate standard and the correlation between residency program size and performance on the American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination. Using a cross-sectional study design from 2010-2012 American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination data of all Internal Medicine residency pro-grams, comparisons were made between program pass rates to the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education pass-rate standard. To assess the correlation between program size and performance, a Spearman's rho was calculated. To evaluate program size and its relationship to the pass-rate standard, receiver operative characteristic curves were calculated. Of 372 Internal Medicine residency programs, 276 programs (74%) achieved a pass rate of =80%, surpassing the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education minimum standard. A weak correlation was found between residency program size and pass rate for the three-year period (p=0.19, p<0.001). The area underneath the receiver operative characteristic curve was 0.69 (95% Confidence Interval [0.63-0.75]), suggesting programs with less than 12 examinees/year are less likely to meet the minimum Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education pass-rate standard (sensitivity 63.8%, specificity 60.4%, positive predictive value 82.2%, p<0.001). Although a majority of Internal Medicine residency programs complied with Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education pass-rate standards, a quarter of the programs failed to meet this requirement. Program size is positively but weakly associated with American Board of Internal Medicine Certifying Examination performance, suggesting other unidentified variables significantly contribute to program performance.

  20. Application of Sigma Metrics Analysis for the Assessment and Modification of Quality Control Program in the Clinical Chemistry Laboratory of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

    PubMed

    Iqbal, Sahar; Mustansar, Tazeen

    2017-03-01

    Sigma is a metric that quantifies the performance of a process as a rate of Defects-Per-Million opportunities. In clinical laboratories, sigma metric analysis is used to assess the performance of laboratory process system. Sigma metric is also used as a quality management strategy for a laboratory process to improve the quality by addressing the errors after identification. The aim of this study is to evaluate the errors in quality control of analytical phase of laboratory system by sigma metric. For this purpose sigma metric analysis was done for analytes using the internal and external quality control as quality indicators. Results of sigma metric analysis were used to identify the gaps and need for modification in the strategy of laboratory quality control procedure. Sigma metric was calculated for quality control program of ten clinical chemistry analytes including glucose, chloride, cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, albumin, direct bilirubin, total bilirubin, protein and creatinine, at two control levels. To calculate the sigma metric imprecision and bias was calculated with internal and external quality control data, respectively. The minimum acceptable performance was considered as 3 sigma. Westgard sigma rules were applied to customize the quality control procedure. Sigma level was found acceptable (≥3) for glucose (L2), cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, direct bilirubin and creatinine at both levels of control. For rest of the analytes sigma metric was found <3. The lowest value for sigma was found for chloride (1.1) at L2. The highest value of sigma was found for creatinine (10.1) at L3. HDL was found with the highest sigma values at both control levels (8.8 and 8.0 at L2 and L3, respectively). We conclude that analytes with the sigma value <3 are required strict monitoring and modification in quality control procedure. In this study application of sigma rules provided us the practical solution for improved and focused design of QC procedure.

  1. 29 CFR 4043.25 - Failure to make required minimum funding payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... controlled group and its ownership relationship to other members of that controlled group; and (3) For each... minimum funding payment is made by the 30th day after its due date. (d) Form 200 filed. If, with respect to the same failure, a Form 200 has been completed and submitted in accordance with § 4043.81, the...

  2. 47 CFR 68.317 - Hearing aid compatibility volume control: technical standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... headset of the telephone, 12 dB of gain minimum and up to 18 dB of gain maximum, when measured in terms of... Instruments With Loop Signaling) . The 12 dB of gain minimum must be achieved without significant clipping of... change in ROLR as a function of the volume control setting that are relevant to the specification of...

  3. 47 CFR 68.317 - Hearing aid compatibility volume control: technical standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... headset of the telephone, 12 dB of gain minimum and up to 18 dB of gain maximum, when measured in terms of... Instruments With Loop Signaling) . The 12 dB of gain minimum must be achieved without significant clipping of... change in ROLR as a function of the volume control setting that are relevant to the specification of...

  4. 47 CFR 68.317 - Hearing aid compatibility volume control: technical standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... headset of the telephone, 12 dB of gain minimum and up to 18 dB of gain maximum, when measured in terms of... Instruments With Loop Signaling) . The 12 dB of gain minimum must be achieved without significant clipping of... change in ROLR as a function of the volume control setting that are relevant to the specification of...

  5. 47 CFR 68.317 - Hearing aid compatibility volume control: technical standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... headset of the telephone, 12 dB of gain minimum and up to 18 dB of gain maximum, when measured in terms of... Instruments With Loop Signaling) . The 12 dB of gain minimum must be achieved without significant clipping of... change in ROLR as a function of the volume control setting that are relevant to the specification of...

  6. 47 CFR 68.317 - Hearing aid compatibility volume control: technical standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... headset of the telephone, 12 dB of gain minimum and up to 18 dB of gain maximum, when measured in terms of... Instruments With Loop Signaling) . The 12 dB of gain minimum must be achieved without significant clipping of... change in ROLR as a function of the volume control setting that are relevant to the specification of...

  7. Subsonic flight test evaluation of a performance seeking control algorithm on an F-15 airplane

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gilyard, Glenn B.; Orme, John S.

    1992-01-01

    The subsonic flight test evaluation phase of the NASA F-15 (powered by F 100 engines) performance seeking control program was completed for single-engine operation at part- and military-power settings. The subsonic performance seeking control algorithm optimizes the quasi-steady-state performance of the propulsion system for three modes of operation. The minimum fuel flow mode minimizes fuel consumption. The minimum thrust mode maximizes thrust at military power. Decreases in thrust-specific fuel consumption of 1 to 2 percent were measured in the minimum fuel flow mode; these fuel savings are significant, especially for supersonic cruise aircraft. Decreases of up to approximately 100 degree R in fan turbine inlet temperature were measured in the minimum temperature mode. Temperature reductions of this magnitude would more than double turbine life if inlet temperature was the only life factor. Measured thrust increases of up to approximately 15 percent in the maximum thrust mode cause substantial increases in aircraft acceleration. The system dynamics of the closed-loop algorithm operation were good. The subsonic flight phase has validated the performance seeking control technology, which can significantly benefit the next generation of fighter and transport aircraft.

  8. Application of genetic algorithms in nonlinear heat conduction problems.

    PubMed

    Kadri, Muhammad Bilal; Khan, Waqar A

    2014-01-01

    Genetic algorithms are employed to optimize dimensionless temperature in nonlinear heat conduction problems. Three common geometries are selected for the analysis and the concept of minimum entropy generation is used to determine the optimum temperatures under the same constraints. The thermal conductivity is assumed to vary linearly with temperature while internal heat generation is assumed to be uniform. The dimensionless governing equations are obtained for each selected geometry and the dimensionless temperature distributions are obtained using MATLAB. It is observed that GA gives the minimum dimensionless temperature in each selected geometry.

  9. Preliminary supersonic flight test evaluation of performance seeking control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Orme, John S.; Gilyard, Glenn B.

    1993-01-01

    Digital flight and engine control, powerful onboard computers, and sophisticated controls techniques may improve aircraft performance by maximizing fuel efficiency, maximizing thrust, and extending engine life. An adaptive performance seeking control system for optimizing the quasi-steady state performance of an F-15 aircraft was developed and flight tested. This system has three optimization modes: minimum fuel, maximum thrust, and minimum fan turbine inlet temperature. Tests of the minimum fuel and fan turbine inlet temperature modes were performed at a constant thrust. Supersonic single-engine flight tests of the three modes were conducted using varied after burning power settings. At supersonic conditions, the performance seeking control law optimizes the integrated airframe, inlet, and engine. At subsonic conditions, only the engine is optimized. Supersonic flight tests showed improvements in thrust of 9 percent, increases in fuel savings of 8 percent, and reductions of up to 85 deg R in turbine temperatures for all three modes. The supersonic performance seeking control structure is described and preliminary results of supersonic performance seeking control tests are given. These findings have implications for improving performance of civilian and military aircraft.

  10. Aircraft symmetric flight optimization. [gradient techniques for supersonic aircraft control

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Falco, M.; Kelley, H. J.

    1973-01-01

    Review of the development of gradient techniques and their application to aircraft optimal performance computations in the vertical plane of flight. Results obtained using the method of gradients are presented for attitude- and throttle-control programs which extremize the fuel, range, and time performance indices subject to various trajectory and control constraints, including boundedness of engine throttle control. A penalty function treatment of state inequality constraints which generally appear in aircraft performance problems is outlined. Numerical results for maximum-range, minimum-fuel, and minimum-time climb paths for a hypothetical supersonic turbojet interceptor are presented and discussed. In addition, minimum-fuel climb paths subject to various levels of ground overpressure intensity constraint are indicated for a representative supersonic transport. A variant of the Gel'fand-Tsetlin 'method of ravines' is reviewed, and two possibilities for further development of continuous gradient processes are cited - namely, a projection version of conjugate gradients and a curvilinear search.

  11. 76 FR 77806 - International Affairs; U.S. Fish Quotas in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-14

    ... available from Douglas Christel, at the NMFS Northeast Regional Office at 55 Great Republic Drive..., autonomous vessel monitoring system; and adherence to all relevant minimum size, gear, bycatch, and other...

  12. 12 CFR 713.5 - What is the required minimum dollar amount of coverage?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... coverage required, but a federal credit union's board of directors should purchase additional or enhanced... its own internal risk assessment, its fraud trends and loss experience, and factors such as its cash...

  13. 20 CFR 229.4 - Applying for the overall minimum.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... from employment and self-employment in order to determine whether the claimant or annuitant qualifies for the overall minimum. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 3220...

  14. 20 CFR 229.4 - Applying for the overall minimum.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... from employment and self-employment in order to determine whether the claimant or annuitant qualifies for the overall minimum. (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 3220...

  15. Associations Between Minimum Wage Policy and Access to Health Care: Evidence From the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996–2007

    PubMed Central

    Zimmerman, Frederick J.; Ralston, James D.; Martin, Diane P.

    2011-01-01

    Objectives. We examined whether minimum wage policy is associated with access to medical care among low-skilled workers in the United States. Methods. We used multilevel logistic regression to analyze a data set consisting of individual-level indicators of uninsurance and unmet medical need from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and state-level ecological controls from the US Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and several other sources in all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1996 and 2007. Results. Higher state-level minimum wage rates were associated with significantly reduced odds of reporting unmet medical need after control for the ecological covariates, substate region fixed effects, and individual demographic and health characteristics (odds ratio = 0.853; 95% confidence interval = 0.750, 0.971). Minimum wage rates were not significantly associated with being uninsured. Conclusions. Higher minimum wages may be associated with a reduced likelihood of experiencing unmet medical need among low-skilled workers, and do not appear to be associated with uninsurance. These findings appear to refute the suggestion that minimum wage laws have detrimental effects on access to health care, as opponents of the policies have suggested. PMID:21164102

  16. Associations between minimum wage policy and access to health care: evidence from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 1996-2007.

    PubMed

    McCarrier, Kelly P; Zimmerman, Frederick J; Ralston, James D; Martin, Diane P

    2011-02-01

    We examined whether minimum wage policy is associated with access to medical care among low-skilled workers in the United States. We used multilevel logistic regression to analyze a data set consisting of individual-level indicators of uninsurance and unmet medical need from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System and state-level ecological controls from the US Census, Bureau of Labor Statistics, and several other sources in all 50 states and the District of Columbia between 1996 and 2007. Higher state-level minimum wage rates were associated with significantly reduced odds of reporting unmet medical need after control for the ecological covariates, substate region fixed effects, and individual demographic and health characteristics (odds ratio = 0.853; 95% confidence interval = 0.750, 0.971). Minimum wage rates were not significantly associated with being uninsured. Higher minimum wages may be associated with a reduced likelihood of experiencing unmet medical need among low-skilled workers, and do not appear to be associated with uninsurance. These findings appear to refute the suggestion that minimum wage laws have detrimental effects on access to health care, as opponents of the policies have suggested.

  17. Barriers and dispersal surfaces in minimum-time interception. [for optimizing aircraft flight paths

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rajan, N.; Ardema, M. D.

    1984-01-01

    A method is proposed for mapping the barrier, dispersal, and control-level surfaces for a class of minimum-time interception and pursuit-evasion problems. Minimum-time interception of a target moving in a horizontal plane is formulated in a coordinate system whose origin is at the interceptor's terminal position and whose x-axis is along the terminal line of sight. This approach makes it possible to discuss the nature of the interceptor's extremals, using its extremal trajectory maps (ETMs), independently of target motion. The game surfaces are constructed by drawing sections of the isochrones, or constant minimum-time loci, from the interceptor and target ETMs. In this way, feedback solutions for the optimal controls are obtained. An example involving the interception of a target moving in a straight line at constant speed is presented.

  18. Temperature lapse rates at restricted thermodynamic equilibrium. Part II: Saturated air and further discussions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Björnbom, Pehr

    2016-03-01

    In the first part of this work equilibrium temperature profiles in fluid columns with ideal gas or ideal liquid were obtained by numerically minimizing the column energy at constant entropy, equivalent to maximizing column entropy at constant energy. A minimum in internal plus potential energy for an isothermal temperature profile was obtained in line with Gibbs' classical equilibrium criterion. However, a minimum in internal energy alone for adiabatic temperature profiles was also obtained. This led to a hypothesis that the adiabatic lapse rate corresponds to a restricted equilibrium state, a type of state in fact discussed already by Gibbs. In this paper similar numerical results for a fluid column with saturated air suggest that also the saturated adiabatic lapse rate corresponds to a restricted equilibrium state. The proposed hypothesis is further discussed and amended based on the previous and the present numerical results and a theoretical analysis based on Gibbs' equilibrium theory.

  19. "Deflategate": Time, Temperature, and Moisture Effects on Football Pressure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Blumenthal, Jack; Beljak, Lauren; Macatangay, Dahlia-Marie; Helmuth-Malone, Lilly; McWilliams, Catharina; Raptis, Sofia

    2016-09-01

    In a recent paper in TPT, DiLisi and Rarick used the National Football League "Deflategate" controversy to introduce to physics students the physics of a bouncing ball. In this paper, we measure and analyze the environmental effects of time, ambient temperature, and moisture on the internal pressure of an NFL football. We focus on the rate of pressure recovery that occurs when a cold football (either wet or dry) is returned to the warm locker room environment where the pressure was initially measured. Both studies stem from the so-called NFL "Deflategate" controversy in which footballs that initially met a minimum internal pressure requirement were rechecked at halftime of the AFC Championship game, and in some cases were reported to have fallen below the minimum pressure requirement. The question is whether the pressure changes were due to environmental exposure or rather to some air being released from the balls, or both.

  20. Microcode Verification Project.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-05-01

    numerical constant. The internal syntax for these minimum and maximum values is REALMIN and REALMAX. ISPSSIMP ISPSSIMP is the file simplifying bitstring...To be fair , it is quito clear that much of the ILbor Il tile verification task can be reduced If verification and. code development are carried out...basi.a of and the language we have chosen for both encoding our descriptions of machines and reasoning about the course of computations. Internally , our

  1. Effectiveness of Baby Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) on complementary feeding in Koibatek, Kenya: a randomized control study.

    PubMed

    Maingi, Mildred; Kimiywe, Judith; Iron-Segev, Sharon

    2018-05-08

    Appropriate infant and young child nutrition is critical for proper growth and development. In order to promote optimal nutrition at an early age, the World Health Organization (WHO) and UNICEF have developed the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative (BFHI) to address poor breastfeeding practices in maternity wards. However, impact is limited in less developed countries like Kenya, where more than half of all births are home deliveries. Therefore, Kenya has explored the adoption of Baby Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) in its rural settings. In contrast to the BFHI, the BFCI supports breastfeeding and optimal infant feeding in community. BFCI has been implemented in Koibatek, in rural Kenya. This study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of BFCI on complementary feeding practices of children aged 6-23 months, by comparing intervention and control groups. This was a randomized control study design that included 270 mother-infant pairs enrolled in the Baby Friendly Community Initiative (BFCI) project in Koibatek. Evaluation was carried out using structured questionnaires. A statistically significantly higher proportion of children in the intervention group compared to the control group attained minimum dietary diversity (77% vs. 58%; p = 0.001), minimum meal frequency (96% vs. 89%; p = 0.046) and minimum acceptable diet (77% vs. 61%; p = 0.005). The odds of attaining minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet were statistically significantly higher for the intervention group compared to control group (OR: 4.95; 95%CI 2.44-10.03, p = < 0.001; OR: 14.84; 95%CI 2.75-79.9, p = 0.002; OR: 4.61; 95%CI 2.17-9.78, p = < 0.001 respectively). The BFCI intervention was successful in improving complementary feeding practices. Strengthening and prioritizing BFCI interventions could have a significant impact on child health outcomes in rural Kenya. ISRCTN03467700 . Registration 24 September 2014. Retrospectively registered.

  2. On the Minimum Induced Drag of Wings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bowers, Albion H.

    2015-01-01

    Birds do not require the use of vertical tails. They do not appear to have any mechanism by which to control their yaw. As an example the albatross is notable in this regard. The authors believe this is possible because of a unique adaptation by which there exists a triple-optimal solution that provides the maximum aerodynamic efficiency, the minimum structural weight, and it provides for coordination of control in roll and yaw. Until now, this solution has eluded researchers, and remained unknown. Here it is shown that the correct specification of spanload provides for all three solutions at once, maximum aerodynamic efficiency, minimum structural weight, and coordinated control. The implications of this result has far reaching effects on the design of aircraft, as well as dramatic efficiency improvement.

  3. Kinetics of cellular uptake of viruses and nanoparticles via clathrin-mediated endocytosis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Banerjee, Anand; Berezhkovskii, Alexander; Nossal, Ralph

    2016-02-01

    Several viruses exploit clathrin-mediated endocytosis to gain entry into host cells. This process is also used extensively in biomedical applications to deliver nanoparticles (NPs) to diseased cells. The internalization of these nano-objects is controlled by the assembly of a clathrin-containing protein coat on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane, which drives the invagination of the membrane and the formation of a cargo-containing endocytic vesicle. Current theoretical models of receptor-mediated endocytosis of viruses and NPs do not explicitly take coat assembly into consideration. In this paper we study cellular uptake of viruses and NPs with a focus on coat assembly. We characterize the internalization process by the mean time between the binding of a particle to the membrane and its entry into the cell. Using a coarse-grained model which maps the stochastic dynamics of coat formation onto a one-dimensional random walk, we derive an analytical formula for this quantity. A study of the dependence of the mean internalization time on NP size shows that there is an upper bound above which this time becomes extremely large, and an optimal size at which it attains a minimum. Our estimates of these sizes compare well with experimental data. We also study the sensitivity of the obtained results on coat parameters to identify factors which significantly affect the internalization kinetics.

  4. Minimum visual requirements in different occupations in Finland.

    PubMed

    Aine, E

    1984-01-01

    In Finland the employers can individually fix the minimum visual requirements for their personnel in almost every occupation. In transportation, in police and national defence proper eyesight is regarded so important that strict visual requirements for these have been fixed by the Government. The regulations are often more close when accepting the person to the occupation than later on when working. The minimum requirements are mostly stated for visual acuity, colour perception and visual fields. In some occupations the regulations concern also the refractive error of the eyes and possible eye diseases. In aviation the regulations have been stated by the International Civil Aviation Organization ( ICAO ). The minimum visual requirements for a driving license in highway traffic are classed according to the types of motor vehicles. In railways , maritime commerce and national defence the task of the worker determines the specified regulations. The policeman must have a distant visual acuity of 0.5 without eyeglasses in both eyes and nearly normal colour perception when starting the training course.

  5. Minimum Surface-Effect Microgripper Design for Force-Reflective Telemanipulation of a Microscopic Environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Goldfarb, Michael; Celanovic, Nikola

    1996-01-01

    This paper describes the fundamental physical motivations for minimum surface effect design, and presents a microgripper that incorporates a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a flexure-based structure and transmission. The microgripper serves effectively as a one degree-of-freedom prototype of minimum surface effect micromanipulator design. Data is presented that characterizes the microgripper performance under both pure position and pure force control, followed by a discussion of the attributes and limitations of flexure-based design. The microgripper is interfaced with a force-reflective macrogripper, and the pair controlled with a hybrid position/force scheme. Data is presented that illustrates the effective operation of the telerobotic pair.

  6. Ferromagnetic core valve gives rapid action on minimum energy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Larson, A. V.; Tinkham, J. P.

    1967-01-01

    Miniature solenoid valve controls propellant flow during tests on a coaxial plasma accelerator. It uses an advanced ferromagnetic core design which meets all the rapid-acting requirements with a minimum of input energy.

  7. Real or perceived impediments to minimum pricing of alcohol in Australia: public opinion, the industry and the law.

    PubMed

    Chalmers, Jenny; Carragher, Natacha; Davoren, Sondra; O'Brien, Paula

    2013-11-01

    A burgeoning body of empirical evidence demonstrates that increases in the price of alcohol can reduce per capita alcohol consumption and harmful drinking. Taxes on alcohol can be raised to increase prices, but this strategy can be undermined if the industry absorbs the tax increase and cross-subsidises the price of one alcoholic beverage with other products. Such loss-leading strategies are not possible with minimum pricing. We argue that a minimum (or floor) price for alcohol should be used as a complement to alcohol taxation. Several jurisdictions have already introduced minimum pricing (e.g., Canada, Ukraine) and others are currently investigating pathways to introduce a floor price (e.g., Scotland). Tasked by the Australian government to examine the public interest case for a minimum price, Australia's peak preventative health agency recommended against setting one at the present time. The agency was concerned that there was insufficient Australian specific modelling evidence to make robust estimates of the net benefits. Nonetheless, its initial judgement was that it would be difficult for a minimum price to produce benefits for Australia at the national level. Whilst modelling evidence is certainly warranted to support the introduction of the policy, the development and uptake of policy is influenced by more than just empirical evidence. This article considers three potential impediments to minimum pricing: public opinion and misunderstandings or misgivings about the operation of a minimum price; the strength of alcohol industry objections and measures to undercut the minimum price through discounts and promotions; and legal obstacles including competition and trade law. The analysis of these factors is situated in an Australian context, but has salience internationally. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. Minimum energy control for in vitro neurons.

    PubMed

    Nabi, Ali; Stigen, Tyler; Moehlis, Jeff; Netoff, Theoden

    2013-06-01

    To demonstrate the applicability of optimal control theory for designing minimum energy charge-balanced input waveforms for single periodically-firing in vitro neurons from brain slices of Long-Evans rats. The method of control uses the phase model of a neuron and does not require prior knowledge of the neuron's biological details. The phase model of a neuron is a one-dimensional model that is characterized by the neuron's phase response curve (PRC), a sensitivity measure of the neuron to a stimulus applied at different points in its firing cycle. The PRC for each neuron is experimentally obtained by measuring the shift in phase due to a short-duration pulse injected into the periodically-firing neuron at various phase values. Based on the measured PRC, continuous-time, charge-balanced, minimum energy control waveforms have been designed to regulate the next firing time of the neuron upon application at the onset of an action potential. The designed waveforms can achieve the inter-spike-interval regulation for in vitro neurons with energy levels that are lower than those of conventional monophasic pulsatile inputs of past studies by at least an order of magnitude. They also provide the advantage of being charge-balanced. The energy efficiency of these waveforms is also shown by performing several supporting simulations that compare the performance of the designed waveforms against that of phase shuffled surrogate inputs, variants of the minimum energy waveforms obtained from suboptimal PRCs, as well as pulsatile stimuli that are applied at the point of maximum PRC. It was found that the minimum energy waveforms perform better than all other stimuli both in terms of control and in the amount of energy used. Specifically, it was seen that these charge-balanced waveforms use at least an order of magnitude less energy than conventional monophasic pulsatile stimuli. The significance of this work is that it uses concepts from the theory of optimal control and introduces a novel approach in designing minimum energy charge-balanced input waveforms for neurons that are robust to noise and implementable in electrophysiological experiments.

  9. Minimum energy control for in vitro neurons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nabi, Ali; Stigen, Tyler; Moehlis, Jeff; Netoff, Theoden

    2013-06-01

    Objective. To demonstrate the applicability of optimal control theory for designing minimum energy charge-balanced input waveforms for single periodically-firing in vitro neurons from brain slices of Long-Evans rats. Approach. The method of control uses the phase model of a neuron and does not require prior knowledge of the neuron’s biological details. The phase model of a neuron is a one-dimensional model that is characterized by the neuron’s phase response curve (PRC), a sensitivity measure of the neuron to a stimulus applied at different points in its firing cycle. The PRC for each neuron is experimentally obtained by measuring the shift in phase due to a short-duration pulse injected into the periodically-firing neuron at various phase values. Based on the measured PRC, continuous-time, charge-balanced, minimum energy control waveforms have been designed to regulate the next firing time of the neuron upon application at the onset of an action potential. Main result. The designed waveforms can achieve the inter-spike-interval regulation for in vitro neurons with energy levels that are lower than those of conventional monophasic pulsatile inputs of past studies by at least an order of magnitude. They also provide the advantage of being charge-balanced. The energy efficiency of these waveforms is also shown by performing several supporting simulations that compare the performance of the designed waveforms against that of phase shuffled surrogate inputs, variants of the minimum energy waveforms obtained from suboptimal PRCs, as well as pulsatile stimuli that are applied at the point of maximum PRC. It was found that the minimum energy waveforms perform better than all other stimuli both in terms of control and in the amount of energy used. Specifically, it was seen that these charge-balanced waveforms use at least an order of magnitude less energy than conventional monophasic pulsatile stimuli. Significance. The significance of this work is that it uses concepts from the theory of optimal control and introduces a novel approach in designing minimum energy charge-balanced input waveforms for neurons that are robust to noise and implementable in electrophysiological experiments.

  10. 76 FR 72907 - International Affairs; U.S. Fishing Opportunity in the Northwest Atlantic Fisheries Organization...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-28

    ... Great Republic Drive, Gloucester, MA 01930 (phone: (978) 281-9141, fax: (978) 281-9135, email: douglas..., autonomous vessel monitoring system; and adherence to all relevant minimum size, gear, bycatch, and other...

  11. Exploratory Investigation of the Effects of Boundary-Layer Control on the Pressure-Recovery Characteristics of a Circular Internal-Contraction Inlet with Translating Centerbody at Mach Numbers of 2.00 and 2.35

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, Norman J.

    1959-01-01

    Exploratory tests of a circular internal-contraction inlet were made at Mach numbers of 2.00 and 2.35 to determine the effect of a cowl-type boundary-layer control located downstream of the inlet throat. The inlet was designed for a Mach number of 2.5. Tests were also made of the inlet modified to correspond to design Mach numbers of 2.35 and 2.25. Surveys near the minimum area section of the inlet without boundary-layer control indicated maximum averaged pressure recoveries between 0.90 and 0.92 at a free-stream Mach number, M(sub infinity), of 2.35 for the inlets. Farther downstream, after partial subsonic diffusion, a maximum pressure recovery of 0.842 was obtained with the inlet at M(sub infinity) = 2.35. The pressure recovery of the inlet was increased by 0.03 at a Mach number of 2.35 and decreased by 0.02 at a Mach number of 2.00 by the application of cowl-type boundary-layer control. Further investigation with the inlet without bleed demonstrated that an increase of angle of attack from 0 deg to 3 deg reduced the pressure recovery 0.04. The effect of Reynolds number was to increase pressure recovery 0.07 (from 0.785 to 0.855) with an increase in Reynolds number (based on inlet diameter) from 0.79 x 10(exp 6) to 3.19 x 10(exp 6).

  12. Panel flutter optimization by gradient projection

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pierson, B. L.

    1975-01-01

    A gradient projection optimal control algorithm incorporating conjugate gradient directions of search is described and applied to several minimum weight panel design problems subject to a flutter speed constraint. New numerical solutions are obtained for both simply-supported and clamped homogeneous panels of infinite span for various levels of inplane loading and minimum thickness. The minimum thickness inequality constraint is enforced by a simple transformation of variables.

  13. The impact of the Malaysian minimum cigarette price law: findings from the ITC Malaysia Survey.

    PubMed

    Liber, Alex C; Ross, Hana; Omar, Maizurah; Chaloupka, Frank J

    2015-07-01

    Study the effects of the 2011 Malaysian minimum price law (MPL) on prices of licit and illicit cigarette brands. Identify barriers to the MPL achieving positive public health effects. The International Tobacco Control Project's Southeast Asia survey collected information on Malaysian smokers' cigarette purchases (n=7520) in five survey waves between 2005 and 2012. Consumption-weighted comparisons of proportions tests and adjusted Wald tests were used to evaluate changes over time in violation rates of the inflation-adjusted MPL, the proportion of illicit cigarette purchases and mean prices. After the passage of the MPL, the proportion of licit brand cigarette purchases that were below the inflation-adjusted 2011 minimum price level fell substantially (before 3.9%, after 1.8%, p=0.002), while violation of the MPL for illicit brand cigarette purchases was unchanged (before 89.8%, after 91.9%, p=0.496). At the same time, the mean real price of licit cigarettes rose (p=0.006), while the mean real price of illicit cigarettes remained unchanged (p=0.134). The proportion of illicit cigarette purchases rose as well (before 13.4%, after 16.5%, p=0.041). The MPL appears not to have meaningfully changed cigarette prices in Malaysia, as licit brand prices remained well above and illicit brand prices remained well below the minimum price level before and after MPL's implementation. The increasing proportion of illicit cigarettes on the market may have undermined any positive health effects of the Malaysian MPL. The illicit cigarette trade must be addressed before a full evaluation of the Malaysian MPL's impact on public health can take place. The authors encourage the continued use of specific excise tax increases to reliably increase the price and decrease the consumption of cigarettes in Malaysia and elsewhere. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

  14. The Impact of the Malaysian Minimum Cigarette Price Law: Findings from the ITC Malaysia Survey

    PubMed Central

    Liber, Alex C.; Ross, Hana; Omar, Maizurah; Chaloupka, Frank J.

    2015-01-01

    Objectives Study the effects of the 2011 Malaysian minimum price law (MPL) on prices of licit and illicit cigarette brands. Identify barriers to the MPL achieving positive public health effects. Methods The International Tobacco Control Project's Southeast Asia survey collected information on Malaysian smokers' cigarette purchases (n=7,520) in five survey waves between 2005 and 2012. Consumption-weighted comparisons of proportions tests and adjusted Wald tests were used to evaluate changes over time in violation rates of the inflation-adjusted MPL, the proportion of illicit cigarette purchases, and mean prices. Results After the passage of the MPL, the proportion of licit brand cigarette purchases that were below the inflation-adjusted 2011 minimum price level fell substantially (before 3.9%, after 1.8%, p=0.002), while violation of the MPL for illicit brand cigarette purchases was unchanged (before 89.8%, after 91.9%, p=0.496). At the same time, the mean real price of licit cigarettes rose (p=0.006) while the mean real price of illicit cigarettes remained unchanged (p=0.134). The proportion of illicit cigarette purchases rose as well (before 13.4%, after 16.5%, p=0.041). Discussion The MPL appears not to have meaningfully changed cigarette prices in Malaysia, as licit brand prices remained well above and illicit brand prices remained well below the minimum price level before and after MPL's implementation. The increasing proportion of illicit cigarettes on the market may have undermined any positive health effects of the Malaysian MPL. The illicit cigarette trade must be addressed before a full evaluation of the Malaysian MPL's impact on public health can take place. The authors encourage the continued use of specific excise tax increases to reliably increase the price and decrease the consumption of cigarettes in Malaysia and elsewhere. PMID:25808666

  15. Mathematical Modeling of Extinction of Inhomogeneous Populations

    PubMed Central

    Karev, G.P.; Kareva, I.

    2016-01-01

    Mathematical models of population extinction have a variety of applications in such areas as ecology, paleontology and conservation biology. Here we propose and investigate two types of sub-exponential models of population extinction. Unlike the more traditional exponential models, the life duration of sub-exponential models is finite. In the first model, the population is assumed to be composed clones that are independent from each other. In the second model, we assume that the size of the population as a whole decreases according to the sub-exponential equation. We then investigate the “unobserved heterogeneity”, i.e. the underlying inhomogeneous population model, and calculate the distribution of frequencies of clones for both models. We show that the dynamics of frequencies in the first model is governed by the principle of minimum of Tsallis information loss. In the second model, the notion of “internal population time” is proposed; with respect to the internal time, the dynamics of frequencies is governed by the principle of minimum of Shannon information loss. The results of this analysis show that the principle of minimum of information loss is the underlying law for the evolution of a broad class of models of population extinction. Finally, we propose a possible application of this modeling framework to mechanisms underlying time perception. PMID:27090117

  16. Claw length recommendations for dairy cow foot trimming

    PubMed Central

    Archer, S. C.; Newsome, R.; Dibble, H.; Sturrock, C. J.; Chagunda, M. G. G.; Mason, C. S.; Huxley, J. N.

    2015-01-01

    The aim was to describe variation in length of the dorsal hoof wall in contact with the dermis for cows on a single farm, and hence, derive minimum appropriate claw lengths for routine foot trimming. The hind feet of 68 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows were collected post mortem, and the internal structures were visualised using x-ray µCT. The internal distance from the proximal limit of the wall horn to the distal tip of the dermis was measured from cross-sectional sagittal images. A constant was added to allow for a minimum sole thickness of 5 mm and an average wall thickness of 8 mm. Data were evaluated using descriptive statistics and two-level linear regression models with claw nested within cow. Based on 219 claws, the recommended dorsal wall length from the proximal limit of hoof horn was up to 90 mm for 96 per cent of claws, and the median value was 83 mm. Dorsal wall length increased by 1 mm per year of age, yet 85 per cent of the null model variance remained unexplained. Overtrimming can have severe consequences; the authors propose that the minimum recommended claw length stated in training materials for all Holstein-Friesian cows should be increased to 90 mm. PMID:26220848

  17. Minimum Altitude-Loss Soaring in a Specified Vertical Wind Distribution

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pierson, B. L.; Chen, I.

    1979-01-01

    Minimum altitude-loss flight of a sailplane through a given vertical wind distribution is discussed. The problem is posed as an optimal control problem, and several numerical solutions are obtained for a sinusoidal wind distribution.

  18. Will Increasing Alcohol Availability By Lowering the Minimum Legal Drinking Age Decrease Drinking and Related Consequences Among Youths?

    PubMed Central

    Wechsler, Henry

    2010-01-01

    Alcohol use health consequences are considerable; prevention efforts are needed, particularly for adolescents and college students. The national minimum legal drinking age of 21 years is a primary alcohol-control policy in the United States. An advocacy group supported by some college presidents seeks public debate on the minimum legal drinking age and proposes reducing it to 18 years. We reviewed recent trends in drinking and related consequences, evidence on effectiveness of the minimum legal drinking age of 21 years, research on drinking among college students related to the minimum legal drinking age, and the case to lower the minimum legal drinking age. Evidence supporting the minimum legal drinking age of 21 years is strong and growing. A wide range of empirically supported interventions is available to reduce underage drinking. Public health professionals can play a role in advocating these interventions. PMID:20395573

  19. Auxin minimum triggers the developmental switch from cell division to cell differentiation in the Arabidopsis root

    PubMed Central

    De Ruvo, Micol; Pacifici, Elena; Salvi, Elena; Sozzani, Rosangela; Benfey, Philip N.; Di Paola, Luisa; Marée, Athanasius F. M.; Costantino, Paolo; Grieneisen, Verônica A.; Sabatini, Sabrina

    2017-01-01

    In multicellular organisms, a stringent control of the transition between cell division and differentiation is crucial for correct tissue and organ development. In the Arabidopsis root, the boundary between dividing and differentiating cells is positioned by the antagonistic interaction of the hormones auxin and cytokinin. Cytokinin affects polar auxin transport, but how this impacts the positional information required to establish this tissue boundary, is still unknown. By combining computational modeling with molecular genetics, we show that boundary formation is dependent on cytokinin’s control on auxin polar transport and degradation. The regulation of both processes shapes the auxin profile in a well-defined auxin minimum. This auxin minimum positions the boundary between dividing and differentiating cells, acting as a trigger for this developmental transition, thus controlling meristem size. PMID:28831001

  20. The endo-rectal probe prototype for the TOPEM project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Musico, Paolo; TOPEM Collaboration

    2016-07-01

    The TOPEM project was funded by INFN with the aim of studying the design of a TOF-PET system dedicated to prostate imaging. During last year a big effort was put into building the prototype of the endo-rectal probe from all point of view: mechanical, thermal, electrical. A dedicated integrated circuit was adopted to have the minimum dimensions: the TOFPET ASIC. The system is composed by a LYSO pixellated crystal which is seen by a 128 SiPM matrix on both surfaces: this permits Depth Of Interaction (DOI) measurement. The 4 needed ASICs are handled by a FPGA board which transmits the acquired data over an UDP connection. The external container was made using 3-D printing technology: internal channels on the external surface permit the flowing of controlled temperature (≈35 °C) water. Electronic components power is dissipated using an internal air flow kept at lower temperature (≈20 °C). The probe is MR compatible: a dedicated small antenna can be accommodated in the container. This will permit simultaneous imaging in MRI and PET systems.

  1. Post-TRANSPO test program: summary report. Volume I

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cusick, R.T.; Mooring, E.E.

    1973-06-01

    The report given encompasses the Post-TRANSPO Test Program (PTTP) operation, organization, and instrumentation. The more significant tests are described and a summary of the analyses performed to data is provided for the construction and testing of four prototype Personal Rapid Transit (PRT) Systems at Dulles International Airport. These systems are the Bendix Dashaveyor, the Ford Motor ACT, the Rohr Monocab and the Transportation Technology TTI. Each prototype featured two vehicles with a minimum of 1000 feet of guideway, off-line stations and fully automatic control. The TTI used air cushions for vertical support and a linear induction motor for propulsion. Themore » other systems used rubber tires, two supported from a roadway and the other, the Monocab, suspended from an overhead guidebeam. Conclusions and recommendations for further work are presented.« less

  2. Membrane humidification--a new method for humidification of respiratory gases in ventilator treatment of neonates.

    PubMed Central

    Hanssler, L; Tennhoff, W; Roll, C

    1992-01-01

    A humidifier system for neonatology that functions according to the 'membrane humidification' principle was subjected to a performance test in our laboratory. Humidification and heating of the respiratory gases took place in a module consisting of a net of hollow fibres placed inside the incubator. In 18 measurement combinations flow, respiratory gas temperature, and incubator temperature were varied. At respiratory gas temperatures within the range of 33-37 degrees C the minimum international standard for the absolute air humidity in the respiratory gas was achieved or exceeded in all measurements. No controlled clinical tests regarding the importance and long term effects of different temperatures and different humidity levels in the inspiratory air are yet available for the ventilation treatment of neonates. PMID:1444554

  3. A new approach for minimum phase output definition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jahangiri, Fatemeh; Talebi, Heidar Ali; Menhaj, Mohammad Bagher; Ebenbauer, Christian

    2017-01-01

    This paper presents a novel method for output redefinition for linear systems. The approach also determines possible relative degrees for the systems corresponding to any new output vector. To guarantee the minimum phase property with a prescribed relative degree, a set of new conditions is introduced. A key feature of these conditions is that there is no need to any form of transformations which make the scheme suitable for optimisation problems in control to ensure the minimum phase property. Moreover, the results are useful for sensor placement problems and for obtaining minimum phase approximations of non-minimum phase systems. Numerical examples including an example of unmanned aerial vehicle systems are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the methodology.

  4. 46 CFR 15.101 - Purpose of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY MERCHANT MARINE OFFICERS AND SEAMEN MANNING REQUIREMENTS... uniform minimum requirements for the manning of vessels. In general, they implement, interpret, or apply the specific statutory manning requirements in title 46, U.S.C., implement various international...

  5. 48 CFR 728.307-2 - Liability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Section 728.307-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS BONDS AND INSURANCE Insurance 728.307-2 Liability. (a)-(b) [Reserved] (c) Automobile... an USAID contract are properly insured, USAID has established minimum required coverages as a...

  6. 48 CFR 728.307-2 - Liability.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Section 728.307-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS BONDS AND INSURANCE Insurance 728.307-2 Liability. (a)-(b) [Reserved] (c) Automobile... an USAID contract are properly insured, USAID has established minimum required coverages as a...

  7. Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development: The COS-STAD recommendations.

    PubMed

    Kirkham, Jamie J; Davis, Katherine; Altman, Douglas G; Blazeby, Jane M; Clarke, Mike; Tunis, Sean; Williamson, Paula R

    2017-11-01

    The use of core outcome sets (COS) ensures that researchers measure and report those outcomes that are most likely to be relevant to users of their research. Several hundred COS projects have been systematically identified to date, but there has been no formal quality assessment of these studies. The Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Development (COS-STAD) project aimed to identify minimum standards for the design of a COS study agreed upon by an international group, while other specific guidance exists for the final reporting of COS development studies (Core Outcome Set-STAndards for Reporting [COS-STAR]). An international group of experienced COS developers, methodologists, journal editors, potential users of COS (clinical trialists, systematic reviewers, and clinical guideline developers), and patient representatives produced the COS-STAD recommendations to help improve the quality of COS development and support the assessment of whether a COS had been developed using a reasonable approach. An open survey of experts generated an initial list of items, which was refined by a 2-round Delphi survey involving nearly 250 participants representing key stakeholder groups. Participants assigned importance ratings for each item using a 1-9 scale. Consensus that an item should be included in the set of minimum standards was defined as at least 70% of the voting participants from each stakeholder group providing a score between 7 and 9. The Delphi survey was followed by a consensus discussion with the study management group representing multiple stakeholder groups. COS-STAD contains 11 minimum standards that are the minimum design recommendations for all COS development projects. The recommendations focus on 3 key domains: the scope, the stakeholders, and the consensus process. The COS-STAD project has established 11 minimum standards to be followed by COS developers when planning their projects and by users when deciding whether a COS has been developed using reasonable methods.

  8. The relationship between meeting vigorous physical activity recommendations and burnout symptoms among adolescents: an exploratory study with vocational students.

    PubMed

    Elliot, Catherine; Lang, Christin; Brand, Serge; Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith; Pühse, Uwe; Gerber, Markus

    2015-04-01

    This study examines how students who met the current recommendations for vigorous physical activity (VPA) of the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) and the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) differ from peers who did not reach these standards with regard to self-reported burnout, before and after controlling for light physical activity and moderate physical activity. A sample of 144 vocational students (Mage =16.2 years, SD = 1.13, 98 males) completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, the Shirom-Melamed Burnout Measure, and the School Burnout Inventory. Bivariate correlations revealed that only VPA was associated with reduced burnout. Both the ACSM and CDC guidelines were useful to identify significant differences in burnout symptoms between students who met versus did not meet the standards. Health policy makers should develop strategies to integrate more VPA into the lives of adolescent students so as to reach a minimum of 60 min per week.

  9. The Ukrainian-American Study of Leukemia and Related Disorders Among Chornobyl Cleanup Workers from Ukraine: I. STUDY METHODS

    PubMed Central

    Romanenko, A.; Bebeshko, V; Hatch, M; Bazyka, D; Finch, S.; Dyagil, I; Reiss, R.; Chumak, V; Bouville, A; Gudzenko, N; Zablotska, L; Pilinskaya, M.; Lyubarets, T.; Bakhanova, E.; Babkina, N.; Trotsiuk, N.; Ledoschuk, B.; Belayev, Y.; Dybsky, S.S.; Ron, E.; Howe, G.

    2010-01-01

    Thus far there are relatively few data on the risk of leukemia among those who were exposed to external radiation during cleanup operations following the Chornobyl nuclear accident, and results have not been consistent. To investigate this issue further, we assembled a cohort of 110,645 male cleanup workers from Ukraine and identified cases of leukemia occurring during the period 1986 to 2000. Detailed interviews were conducted and individual bone marrow doses were estimated using a new time-and-motion method known as RADRUE (Realistic Analytical Dose Reconstruction with Uncertainty Estimate). See companion paper II for a detailed description of the dosimetry. For the initial analyses we used a nested case-control approach with a minimum of five controls per case, matched for year of birth, oblast (region) of registration and residence. All identified cases were reviewed by an international panel of experts. The dose-response analysis and results are given in companion paper III. PMID:19138036

  10. Space station preliminary design report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1982-01-01

    The results of a 3 month preliminary design and analysis effort is presented. The configuration that emerged consists of a very stiff deployable truss structure with an overall triangular cross section having universal modules attached at the apexes. Sufficient analysis was performed to show feasibility of the configuration. An evaluation of the structure shows that desirable attributes of the configuration are: (1) the solar cells, radiators, and antennas will be mounted to stiff structure to minimize control problems during orbit maintenance and correction, docking, and attitude control; (2) large flat areas are available for mounting and servicing of equipment; (3) Large mass items can be mounted near the center of gravity of the system to minimize gravity gradient torques; (4) the trusses are lightweight structures and can be transported into orbit in one Shuttle flight; (5) the trusses are expandable and will require a minimum of EVA; and (6) the modules are anticipated to be structurally identical except for internal equipment to minimize cost.

  11. On-Site Incineration of Contaminated Soil: A Study into U.S. Navy Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-08-01

    venturi scrubber Minimum water flow rate and p1l to absorber Minimum water/alkaline reagent flow to dry scrubber Minimum particulate scrubber blowdown...remove hydrochloric acid and sulfur dioxide from flue gases using, for example, wet scrubbers and limestone adsorption towers, respectively. Modified...Reagent preparation 8) Bllending 26) Fugitive emission control 9) Pretreatment 27) Scrubber liquid cooling 10) Blended and pretreated solid waste

  12. Minimum surface-effect microgripper design for force-reflective telemanipulation of a microscopic environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Goldfarb, Michael; Celanovic, Nikola

    1996-01-01

    This paper describes the fundamental physical motivations for a minimum surface effect design, and presents a microgripper that incorporates a piezoelectric ceramic actuator and a flexure-based structure and transmission. The microgripper serves effectively as a one degree-of-freedom prototype of a minimum surface effect micromanipulator design. Data is presented that characterizes the microgripper performance under both pure position and pure force control, followed by a discussion of the attributes and limitations of flexure-based design. The microgripper is interfaced with a force reflective macrogripper, and the pair is controlled with a hybrid position/force scheme. Data is presented that illustrates the effective operation of the telerobotic pair.

  13. Deployment guidelines for diplomats: current policy and practice.

    PubMed

    Dunn, R; Kemp, V; Patel, D; Williams, R; Greenberg, N

    2015-10-01

    Diplomatic organizations routinely send staff to high-threat postings (HTPs) and consequentially have moral and legal obligations to protect their health as far as is reasonably practicable. To carry out an international survey of diplomatic organizations that send personnel to HTPs to establish how they deal practically with their obligations to protect the mental health of their staff. An online anonymous survey about their organizations' policies relating to HTPs completed by international diplomatic organizations. Fourteen of 30 organizations approached completed the questionnaire, with a response rate of 47%. Deployment length varied: no minimum (15%), a minimum of 2 years (39%) and a maximum of 2 (31%), 3 (15%) or 4 years (31%); one organization did not state any maximum. HTP and low-threat postings had the same policies in 46% of organizations. Additional care and support (66%), additional preparation (50%), enhanced leave (33%) and additional physical and mental health assessments were informally adopted to address psychosocial risks of deployment to HTPs. There was little consensus on policies and practice for HTP deployment. We suggest that formal, consistently written guidelines, based on available quality evidence, and associated training and quality assurance should be formulated to make international practice more consistent and equitable. © Crown copyright 2015.

  14. A New Potential Energy Surface for N+O2: Is There an NOO Minimum?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walch, Stephen P.

    1995-01-01

    We report a new calculation of the N+02 potential energy surface using complete active space self-consistent field internally contracted configuration interaction with the Dunning correlation consistent basis sets. The peroxy isomer of N02 is found to be a very shallow minimum separated from NO+O by a barrier of only 0.3 kcal/mol (excluding zero-point effects). The entrance channel barrier height is estimated to be 8.6 kcal/mol for ICCI+Q calculations correlating all but the Ols and N1s electrons with a cc-p VQZ basis set.

  15. Robust control of flexible space vehicles with minimum structural excitation: On-off pulse control of flexible space vehicles

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wie, Bong; Liu, Qiang

    1992-01-01

    Both feedback and feedforward control approaches for uncertain dynamical systems (in particular, with uncertainty in structural mode frequency) are investigated. The control objective is to achieve a fast settling time (high performance) and robustness (insensitivity) to plant uncertainty. Preshaping of an ideal, time optimal control input using a tapped-delay filter is shown to provide a fast settling time with robust performance. A robust, non-minimum-phase feedback controller is synthesized with particular emphasis on its proper implementation for a non-zero set-point control problem. It is shown that a properly designed, feedback controller performs well, as compared with a time optimal open loop controller with special preshaping for performance robustness. Also included are two separate papers by the same authors on this subject.

  16. An Anaylsis of Control Requirements and Control Parameters for Direct-Coupled Turbojet Engines

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Novik, David; Otto, Edward W.

    1947-01-01

    Requirements of an automatic engine control, as affected by engine characteristics, have been analyzed for a direct-coupled turbojet engine. Control parameters for various conditions of engine operation are discussed. A hypothetical engine control is presented to illustrate the use of these parameters. An adjustable speed governor was found to offer a desirable method of over-all engine control. The selection of a minimum value of fuel flow was found to offer a means of preventing unstable burner operation during steady-state operation. Until satisfactory high-temperature-measuring devices are developed, air-fuel ratio is considered to be a satisfactory acceleration-control parameter for the attainment of the maximum acceleration rates consistent with safe turbine temperatures. No danger of unstable burner operation exists during acceleration if a temperature-limiting acceleration control is assumed to be effective. Deceleration was found to be accompanied by the possibility of burner blow-out even if a minimum fuel-flow control that prevents burner blow-out during steady-state operation is assumed to be effective. Burner blow-out during deceleration may be eliminated by varying the value of minimum fuel flow as a function of compressor-discharge pressure, but in no case should the fuel flow be allowed to fall below the value required for steady-state burner operation.

  17. Internal quality control practice of thyroid disease related tests and imprecision analysis in China.

    PubMed

    Hu, Li-Tao; Wang, Zhi-Guo

    2014-01-01

    Internal quality control (IQC) has a long and well-established role in clinical laboratories and the quality of laboratories has achieved great improvement in China. However, the practice of IQC varies significantly between institutions and many problems still exists. Consequently, the Chinese National Center for Clinical Laboratories has been undertaking monthly nation-wide surveys of current IQC practice of tests since 2010 to monitor laboratory quality. Thyroid disease related tests were chosen for this research. Different numbers of laboratories in China participating national external quality assessment (EQA) schemes of Total Thyroxine (TT4), Total Triiodothyronine (TT3), Free Thyroxine (FT4) and Free Triiodothyronine (FT3) tests, and Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) measurements, were required to report the IQC information though the national external quality assessment (EQA) network platform. Survey data showed significant variability in all aspects of IQC practice. More than half of the laboratories are using a single concentration level of IQC material and up to 28.6% of the laboratories only use 1(2s) or 1(3s) to monitor IQC results for FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, and TSH. The medians of the average time intervals of two control tests for FT3, TT3, FT4, TT4, and TSH are 33.6, 35.4, 33.6, 35.4, and 33.6 hours, respectively, more or less 1.4 days. When quality specifications based on biological variation are applied to imprecision evaluation, only 46.3%, 52.1%, 31.3%, 12.8%, and 5.86% laboratories meet the minimum performance for FT3, TT3, FT4, and TT4, 24.5%, 23.6%, 12.8%, and 5.86% of the all meet the desirable performance, and 4.4%, 3.9%, 2.5% and 3.0% of the all meet the optimal performance. While it shows a higher percentage of acceptable laboratories (98.1%, 87.9% and 39.0% meeting the minimum, desirable and optimal performance, respectively) for TSH. Not-well-designed IQC practices may affect the effectiveness of laboratory IQC and, thus, the adequacy of a laboratory to monitor system performance. Consequently, IQC practice should be designed according to performance of measure method and instrument. Both clinical laboratories and the government should make efforts to improve quality of clinical testing to ensure the patients' safety.

  18. Changes in the vascular tissue of fresh Hass avocados treated with cobalt 60

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arevalo, Lourdes; Bustos, Ma. Emilia; Saucedo, Cresenciano

    2002-03-01

    This research was based on fresh avocado fruit treated with gamma rays at quarantine doses and stored at room temperature. The effects of irradiation were analyzed and measured by three different types of studies: histological, biochemical and physiological. Histological studies were focused on the effect of Cobalt 60 gamma rays in the mesocarp of avocado irradiated at three different doses; 150, 250, and 350 Gy. Damage was observed principally in the parenchyma tissue where the cell membrane was plazmolized and a red color was observed due to the development of phenol compounds. Another important effect was an increase in the size of xylem and phloem cells in the vascular tissue even at the minimum dose of 150 Gy. The biochemical and the physiological studies were done on avocado fruit irradiated at 100 and 150 Gy. An increase in L-phenilalanine ammonialyase activity was observed and therefore, an increase in the concentration of phenol compounds. These changes were not perceived by panelists in a sensorial test. Irradiated fruits were accepted by panelists as well as control fruit as regards parameters of taste, internal color and external color. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using irradiation to disinfest avocado fruit using a minimum dose of 100 Gy.

  19. Prunus mume extract exhibits antimicrobial activity against pathogenic oral bacteria.

    PubMed

    Seneviratne, Chamida J; Wong, Ricky W K; Hägg, Urban; Chen, Yong; Herath, Thanuja D K; Samaranayake, P Lakshman; Kao, Richard

    2011-07-01

    Prunus mume is a common fruit in Asia, which has been used in traditional Chinese medicine. In this study, we focused on the antimicrobial properties of Prunus mume extract against oral pathogens related to dental caries and periodontal diseases. A total of 15 oral pathogens including Streptococcus mutans, S. sobrinus, S. mitis, S. sanguinis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, P. gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and Candida species were included in the study. Initially, agar diffusion assay was performed to screen the antimicrobial activities of Prunus mume extract. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were then determined for sensitive species. Effect of Prunus mume extract on human oral keratinocytes (HOK) viability was also tested. In the agar diffusion assay, drug suspension of 2 g/mL was able to inhibit all the bacterial species tested, but not the fungal species. MIC and MBC range of Prunus mume extract against the oral bacteria was 0.15625-0.0003 g/mL and P. gingivalis being the most susceptible species. Prune extract did not cause any detrimental effect on HOK. Prunus mume extract may be a potential candidate for developing an oral antimicrobial agent to control or prevent dental diseases associated with oral pathogenic bacteria. © 2011 The Authors. International Journal of Paediatric Dentistry © 2011 BSPD, IAPD and Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  20. Consumer Specialty Products Association Letter and EPA Response re: Minimum Risk Pesticide Exemption Petition

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    The Consumer Specialty Products Association petitioned EPA to exclude from the minimum risk pesticide exemption pesticides claiming to control “pests of significant public health importance” and require registration. View the petition and EPA's response.

Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.
Top