76 FR 8622 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

... near the LH [left-hand] MLG downlock actuator. * * * Based on the quantity and location of the ice, it is considered highly likely that the ice had formed between the upper end of the downlock actuator... runway at the departure airport. Ice in this location prevents the actuator from turning freely relative...

76 FR 28373 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-17

..., under certain failure conditions, a short circuit may develop in the collector tank level float switch wiring. Such a short circuit may result in an ignition source in the tank vapour space. This condition..., a short circuit may develop in the collector tank level float switch wiring. Such a short circuit...

76 FR 482 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-05

...: * * * under certain conditions, an ignition source may develop in the wing tank vapour space, due to... tank vapour space, due to insufficient clearance between the wiring along the Fuel Quantity Tank Units... develop in the wing tank vapour space, due to insufficient clearance between the wiring along the Fuel...

75 FR 10696 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... form on actuators P/N 9409122 installed on fuel crossfeed valves and fuel fire shut-off valves. Tests... fuel crossfeed valves and fuel fire shut-off valves. Tests revealed that the ice can prevent the... Tests for Fuel Crossfeed Valves and Fuel Fire Shut-Off Valves (g) For airplanes with an actuator having...

76 FR 50115 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-12

... float switch wiring. Such a short circuit may result in an ignition source in the tank vapour space..., 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Tom Rodriguez, Aerospace... float switch wiring. Such a short circuit may result in an ignition source in the tank vapour space...

76 FR 8618 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-15

...-1038; Directorate Identifier 2009-NM-250-AD; Amendment 39-16601; AD 2011-04-01] RIN 2120-AA64...-1038; Directorate Identifier 20009-NM-250-AD. Effective Date (a) This airworthiness directive (AD..., 41050-9, 41050-10, 41050-11, 41050-12, 41050-13, 41050-14, 41050-15, 41050-16, 41060-1, 41060-2, 41060-3...

75 FR 27668 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... cause of the MLG extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard plastic. These were identified as parts of the poppet seat of PBSOV... problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard...

75 FR 66649 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 0070 and 0100 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-29

... investigation revealed that the cause of the MLG extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of hard plastic. These were identified as parts of the... extension problem was the (partially) blocked hydraulic return line from the MLG selector valve by pieces of...

76 FR 36011 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-21

...: Comments Invited We invite you to send any written relevant data, views, or arguments about this proposed...-operate in developing and implementing common safety regulatory standards and procedures.) Under this...-28-042, including Drawing June 23, 2010. W41192, Sheet 012, Issue AG, dated June 23, 2010, Drawing...

76 FR 28376 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.28 Mark 1000, 2000, 3000, and 4000 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-17

... Configuration Control Limitations (CDCCL) task to make certain that the by-pass wire remains installed. On later... in-tank Fuel Quantity Indication (FQI) cable plug and the cable shield of the shielded FQI system... (FQI) cable plug and the cable shield of the shielded FQI system cables in the main and collector fuel...

United States Air Force Summer Faculty Research Program. 1985 Technical Report. Volume 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-01

Voluntary Hand Grip Torque for Dr. Samuel Adams Circular Electrical Connectors 3 Properties and Processing of a Dr. Vernon R. Allen Perfluorinated ...Neutral Particle Beam at Low Energies in the Mark I Aerospace Chamber 126 Preparation of Non-Flammable Model Dr. Terrill D. Smith Compounds 127 Studies on...Synthesis of Azo Compounds F xi 140 A Comparison of Measured and Calculated Dr. Larry Vardiman Attenuation of 28 GHZ Beacon Signals in Three California

In Situ Studies of the Decomposition of Simulated Chemical Warfare Agents on Nanoparticle Catalysts

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-10-04

University of South Carolina NUMBER Office of Sponsored Programs & Research James F. Byrnes International Center Columbia, SC 29208 - 9...P.; Barrat , J. L. Phys. Rev. B 1997, 56, 2248. (28) Ercolessi, F.; Andreoni, W.; Tosatti, E. Phys. Rev. Lett. 1991, 66, 911. (29) Marks, L. D

Differentiation- and apoptosis-inducing activities by pentacyclic triterpenes on a mouse melanoma cell line.

PubMed

Hata, Keishi; Hori, Kazuyuki; Takahashi, Saori

2002-05-01

In a study to investigate the relationship between the chemical structure and the differentiation-inducing activity of pentacyclic triterpenes, several lupane, oleanane, and ursane triterpenes were prepared and their effects on B16 2F2 melanoma cell differentiation and growth were examined. Eleven lupane triterpenes used in this study acted on the melanoma cells as a melanogen, but no induction of melanogenesis of B16 2F2 cells by oleanane and ursane was detected. The differences at C-17 of the lupane series and acetylation of the OH group at C-3 did not markedly influence their activities. However, the ED(50) value for up-regulation of melanin biosynthesis was markedly decreased by the oxidation of the OH group at C-3 of lupeol (1). Betulinic acid (11), its methyl ester (12), lup-28-al-20(29)-ene-3beta-ol (9), and lup-28-al-20(29)-en-3-one (10) inhibited B16 2F2 cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis. These findings suggested that the carbonyl group at C-17 might be essential for the apoptotic effects of these compounds on B16 2F2 cells.

TCP/IP Implementations and Vendors Guide,

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-01

DOCUMENTATION PAGE la. REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb. RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS 2a. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3. DISTRIBUTION/ AVAILABILIT OF...UNIX System V (5.2) IMPLEMENTATION-LANGUAGE: C DISTRIBUTOR: UNIQ Digital Technologies 28 S. Water St. Batavia, fI1 60510 (312) 879-1008 CONTACT

Digital data sets that describe aquifer characteristics of the Rush Springs Aquifer in western Oklahoma

USGS Publications Warehouse

Runkle, D.L.; Becker, M.F.; Rea, Alan

1997-01-01

This diskette contains digitized aquifer boundaries and maps of hydraulic conductivity, recharge, and ground-water level elevation contours for the Rush Spring aquifer in western Oklahoma. This area encompasses all or part of Blaine, Caddo, Canadian, Comanche, Custer, Dewey, Grady, Stephens, and Washita Counties. These digital data sets were developed by Mark F. Becker to use as input into a computer model that simulated ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer (Mark F. Becker, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 1997). For the purposes of modeling the ground-water flow in the Rush Springs aquifer, Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) defined the Rush Springs aquifer to include the Rush Springs Formation, alluvial and terrace deposits along major streams, and parts of the Marlow Formations, particularly in the eastern part of the aquifer boundary area. The Permian-age Rush Springs Formation consists of highly cross-bedded sandstone with some interbedded dolomite and gypsum. The Rush Springs Formation is overlain by Quaternary-age alluvial and terrace deposits that consist of unconsolidated clay, silt, sand, and gravel. The Rush Springs Formation is underlain by the Permian-age Marlow Formation that consists of interbedded sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, gypsum-anhydrite, and dolomite beds (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The parts of the Marlow Formation that have high permeability and porosity are where the Marlow Formation is included as part of the Rush Springs aquifer. The Rush Springs aquifer underlies about 2,400 square miles of western Oklahoma and is an important source of water for irrigation, livestock, industrial, municipal, and domestic use. Irrigation wells are reported to have well yields greater than 1,000 gallons per minute (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). Mark F. Becker created some of the aquifer boundaries, hydraulic conductivity, and recharge data sets by digitizing parts of previously published surficial geology maps. The hydraulic conductivity and recharge values are the input data to the ground-water flow model (Mark F. Becker, written commun., 1997). The water-level elevation data set was prepared at a scale of 1:250,000 by Mark F. Becker (written commun., 1997) from water levels measured in wells prior to the year 1950. Ground-water flow models are numerical representations that simplify and aggregate natural systems. Models are not unique; different combinations of aquifer characteristics may produce similar results. Therefore, values of hydraulic conductivity and recharge used in the model and presented in this data set are not precise, but are within a reasonable range when compared to independently collected data.

Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Build-up Ground Vibration Testing Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spivey, Natalie D.; Herrera, Claudia Y.; Truax, Roger; Pak, Chan-gi; Freund, Donald

2007-01-01

Flight tests of Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation s Quiet Spike(TradeMark) hardware were recently completed on the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center F-15B airplane. NASA Dryden uses a modified F-15B airplane as a testbed aircraft to cost-effectively fly flight research experiments that are typically mounted underneath the F-15B airplane, along the fuselage centerline. For the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment, however, instead of a centerline mounting, a relatively long forward-pointing boom was attached to the radar bulkhead of the F-15B airplane. The Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment is a stepping-stone to airframe structural morphing technologies designed to mitigate the sonic-boom strength of business jets over land. The Quiet Spike(TradeMark) boom is a concept in which an aircraft s noseboom would be extended prior to supersonic acceleration. This morphing effectively lengthens the aircraft, thus reducing the peak sonic-boom amplitude, but is also expected to partition the otherwise strong bow shock into a series of reduced-strength, noncoalescing shocklets. Prior to flying the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment on the F-15B airplane several ground vibration tests were required to understand the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) modal characteristics and coupling effects with the F-15B airplane. However, due to the flight hardware availability and compressed schedule requirements, a "traditional" ground vibration test of the mated F-15B Quiet Spike(TradeMark) ready-for- flight configuration did not leave sufficient time available for the finite element model update and flutter analyses before flight testing. Therefore, a "nontraditional" ground vibration testing approach was taken. This paper provides an overview of each phase of the "nontraditional" ground vibration testing completed for the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) project which includes the test setup details, instrumentation layout, and modal results obtained in support of the structural dynamic modeling and flutter analyses.

Regulation of K transport in a mathematical model of the cortical collecting tubule.

PubMed

Strieter, J; Weinstein, A M; Giebisch, G; Stephenson, J L

1992-12-01

The effect of luminal flow rate and peritubular pH on Na and K transport is investigated in a mathematical model of the rabbit cortical collecting tubule. The model is used to simulate a 0.4-cm segment of tubule comprised of principal cell, alpha- and beta-intercalated cells, and lateral interspace. Calculations produce luminal profiles of Na, K, Cl, HCO3, and phosphate, as well as of electrical potential and pH. Parameter sets are developed that permit representation of both unstimulated and deoxycorticosterone acetate-stimulated tubules. A series of simulations is performed in which initial luminal flow rate is varied over the range of values between 0.1 and 30 nl/min. A marked flow-dependent enhancement of Na reabsorption and K secretion is seen, especially at lower flows, while Cl and HCO3 transport remain relatively constant. In experimental studies, it has been observed that metabolic alkalosis stimulates and metabolic acidosis inhibits K secretion, while leaving Na transport relatively unaffected [B. A. Stanton and G. Giebisch. Am. J. Physiol. 242 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 11): F544-F551, 1982; K. Tabei, S. Muto, Y. Ando, Y. Sakairi, and Y. Asano. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 1: 693, 1990; and K. Tabei, S. Muto, H. Furuya, and Y. Asano. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2: 752, 1991]. Model calculations indicate that, when ion permeabilities are fixed and not dependent on pH, the impact of peritubular HCO3 on K secretion cannot be simulated. When junctional Cl permeability decreases with increasing interspace pH (E. M. Wright and J. M. Diamond. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 163: 57-74, 1968) in the model, there is a marked stimulation of K secretion with alkalosis and inhibition with acidosis. Furthermore, inclusion of a pH-dependent apical Na permeability [L. G. Palmer and G. Frindt. Am. J. Physiol. 253 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 22): F333-F339, 1987] that increases with increasing principal cell pH significantly reduces the change in Na+ reabsorption seen with the pH-dependent junctional Cl permeability alone. In these calculations, a pH-dependent apical K permeability [W. Wang, A. Schwab, and G. Giebisch. Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Renal Fluid Electrolyte Physiol. 28): F494-F502, 1990] that increases with increasing principal cell pH shows relatively little impact on K secretion.

Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Build-up Ground Vibration Testing Approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spivey, Natalie D.; Herrera, Claudia Y.; Truax, Roger; Pak, Chan-gi; Freund, Donald

2007-01-01

Flight tests of the Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation s Quiet Spike(TradeMark) hardware were recently completed on the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Dryden Flight Research Center F-15B airplane. NASA Dryden uses a modified F-15B (836) airplane as a testbed aircraft to cost-effectively fly flight research experiments that are typically mounted underneath the airplane, along the fuselage centerline. For the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment, instead of a centerline mounting, a forward-pointing boom was attached to the radar bulkhead of the airplane. The Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment is a stepping-stone to airframe structural morphing technologies designed to mitigate the sonic-boom strength of business jets flying over land. Prior to flying the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) experiment on the F-15B airplane several ground vibration tests were required to understand the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) modal characteristics and coupling effects with the F-15B airplane. Because of flight hardware availability and compressed schedule requirements, a "traditional" ground vibration test of the mated F-15B Quiet Spike(TradeMark) ready-for-flight configuration did not leave sufficient time available for the finite element model update and flutter analyses before flight-testing. Therefore, a "nontraditional" ground vibration testing approach was taken. This report provides an overview of each phase of the "nontraditional" ground vibration testing completed for the Quiet Spike(TradeMark) project.

Does ethnicity, gender or age of physiotherapy students affect performance in the final clinical placements? An exploratory study.

PubMed

Naylor, Sandra; Norris, Meriel; Williams, Annabel

2014-03-01

To explore demographic differences in awarded marks of the final clinical placement in a physiotherapy undergraduate programme. Retrospective analysis of clinical placement assessment marks. A London university offering clinical placements throughout South East England. 333 physiotherapy students entering physiotherapy training between 2005 to 2009. Marks awarded following assessment using a clinical placement assessment form. The mean mark (SD) for age were standard entry 71 (7.4) vs. mature entry 72 (7.99) (ns); for gender male 72 (8.45) vs. female 71 (7.21) (ns); and ethnicity White British 72 (7.71) vs. ethnic minority 70 (7.01) (p=0.023). No interaction effects were observed between the independent variables and only ethnicity demonstrated a statistically significant effect (mean difference (MD) 2.4% 95%CI 0.5 to 4.3, F=5.24, p=0.023). This difference was maintained in most subcategories. Significant differences were observed for the interpersonal section (MD 2.21% 95%CI 0.14 to 4.28, F=4.409, p=0.03), the clinical reasoning section (MD 2.39% 95%CI 0.53 to 4.25, F=6.37, p=0.012) and the treatment section (MD 2.93 95%CI 1.10 to 4.83, F=9.198, p=0.003). Physiotherapy students from minority ethnic backgrounds were awarded a significantly lower mark than their white majority peers in final clinical placements, although the difference was small. Potential reasons are considered, with the strongest recommendation being for further enquiry into the potential relationship between ethnicity and success in undergraduate physiotherapy education. Copyright © 2013 Chartered Society of Physiotherapy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Long-term recovery of motor function in a quadriplegic patient with diffuse axonal injury and traumatic hemorrhage: a case report.

PubMed

Kim, Dong Gyu; Kim, Seong Ho; Kim, Oh Lyong; Cho, Yun Woo; Son, Su Min; Jang, Sung Ho

2009-01-01

There have been no studies on motor recovery in severe quadriplegic patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) resulting from combined causes of weakness; this type of patient is often seen in rehabilitation clinics. We report on a quadriplegic patient who showed long-term motor recovery from severe weakness caused by a diffuse axonal injury (DAI) on the brainstem and a traumatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) on left cerebral peduncle, as evaluated by diffuse tensor imaging (DTI) and functional MRI (fMRI). A 17-year-old male patient presented with quadriparesis at the onset of TBI. Over the 28-month period following the onset of the injury, the motor function of the four extremities slowly recovered to a range that was nearly normal. Two longitudinal DTIs (at 11 and 28 months from onset) and fMRI (at 28 months) were performed. Fractional anisotropy and an apparent diffusion coefficient were measured using the region of interest method, and diffusion tensor tractography was conducted using a DTI/fMRI combination. Fractional anisotrophy values in the brainstem, which were markedly decreased on the 11-month DTI, were increased on the 28-month DTI. On the fMRI performed at 28 months, the contralateral primary sensori-motor cortex was activated by the movement of either the right or left hand. Diffusion tensor tractography showed that fiber tracts originating from the motor-sensory cortex passed through the known corticospinal tract pathway to the pons. It seems that the weakness of this patient recovered due to the recovery of the damaged corticospinal tracts.

Spectral Clustering Predicts Tumor Tissue Heterogeneity Using Dynamic 18F-FDG PET: A Complement to the Standard Compartmental Modeling Approach.

PubMed

Katiyar, Prateek; Divine, Mathew R; Kohlhofer, Ursula; Quintanilla-Martinez, Leticia; Schölkopf, Bernhard; Pichler, Bernd J; Disselhorst, Jonathan A

2017-04-01

In this study, we described and validated an unsupervised segmentation algorithm for the assessment of tumor heterogeneity using dynamic 18 F-FDG PET. The aim of our study was to objectively evaluate the proposed method and make comparisons with compartmental modeling parametric maps and SUV segmentations using simulations of clinically relevant tumor tissue types. Methods: An irreversible 2-tissue-compartmental model was implemented to simulate clinical and preclinical 18 F-FDG PET time-activity curves using population-based arterial input functions (80 clinical and 12 preclinical) and the kinetic parameter values of 3 tumor tissue types. The simulated time-activity curves were corrupted with different levels of noise and used to calculate the tissue-type misclassification errors of spectral clustering (SC), parametric maps, and SUV segmentation. The utility of the inverse noise variance- and Laplacian score-derived frame weighting schemes before SC was also investigated. Finally, the SC scheme with the best results was tested on a dynamic 18 F-FDG measurement of a mouse bearing subcutaneous colon cancer and validated using histology. Results: In the preclinical setup, the inverse noise variance-weighted SC exhibited the lowest misclassification errors (8.09%-28.53%) at all noise levels in contrast to the Laplacian score-weighted SC (16.12%-31.23%), unweighted SC (25.73%-40.03%), parametric maps (28.02%-61.45%), and SUV (45.49%-45.63%) segmentation. The classification efficacy of both weighted SC schemes in the clinical case was comparable to the unweighted SC. When applied to the dynamic 18 F-FDG measurement of colon cancer, the proposed algorithm accurately identified densely vascularized regions from the rest of the tumor. In addition, the segmented regions and clusterwise average time-activity curves showed excellent correlation with the tumor histology. Conclusion: The promising results of SC mark its position as a robust tool for quantification of tumor heterogeneity using dynamic PET studies. Because SC tumor segmentation is based on the intrinsic structure of the underlying data, it can be easily applied to other cancer types as well. © 2017 by the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

Build-up Approach to Updating the Mock Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Beam Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herrera, Claudia Y.; Pak, Chan-gi

2007-01-01

A crucial part of aircraft design is ensuring that the required margin for flutter is satisfied. A trustworthy flutter analysis, which begins by possessing an accurate dynamics model, is necessary for this task. Traditionally, a model was updated manually by fine tuning specific stiffness parameters until the analytical results matched test data. This is a time consuming iterative process. NASA Dryden Flight Research Center has developed a mode matching code to execute this process in a more efficient manner. Recently, this code was implemented in the F-15B/Quiet Spike(TradeMark) (Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, Georgia) model update. A build-up approach requiring several ground vibration test configurations and a series of model updates was implemented in order to determine the connection stiffness between aircraft and test article. The mode matching code successfully updated various models for the F-15B/Quiet Spike(TradeMark) project to within 1 percent error in frequency and the modal assurance criteria values ranged from 88.51-99.42 percent.

27 CFR 28.144 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.144... § 28.144 Export marks. (a) General Requirement. In addition to the marks and brands required to be... brewer shall mark the word “Export” on each container or case of beer, or the words “Beer concentrate for...

27 CFR 28.103 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.103... Manufacturing Bonded Warehouse § 28.103 Export marks. (a) General. In addition to the marks and brands required... provisions of part 19 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of...

27 CFR 28.193 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.193... Drawback Filing of Notice and Removal § 28.193 Export marks. In addition to the marks and brands required... chapter, the exporter shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of each case or Government head...

27 CFR 28.154 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.154..., for Exportation or Transfer to a Foreign-Trade Zone § 28.154 Export marks. In addition to the marks... provisions of part 19 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on the Government side of...

Implementing blended learning in emergency airway management training: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Kho, Madeleine Huei Tze; Chew, Keng Sheng; Azhar, Muhaimin Noor; Hamzah, Mohd Lotfi; Chuah, Kee Man; Bustam, Aida; Chan, Hiang Chuan

2018-01-15

While emergency airway management training is conventionally conducted via face-to-face learning (F2FL) workshops, there are inherent cost, time, place and manpower limitations in running such workshops. Blended learning (BL) refers to the systematic integration of online and face-to-face learning aimed to facilitate complex thinking skills and flexible participation at a reduced financial, time and manpower cost. This study was conducted to evaluate its effectiveness in emergency airway management training. A single-center prospective randomised controlled trial involving 30 doctors from Sarawak General Hospital, Malaysia was conducted from September 2016 to February 2017 to compare the effectiveness of BL versus F2FL for emergency airway management training. Participants in the BL arm were given a period of 12 days to go through the online materials in a learning management system while those in the F2FL arm attended a-day of face-to-face lectures (8 h). Participants from both arms then attended a day of hands-on session consisting of simulation skills training with airway manikins. Pre- and post-tests in knowledge and practical skills were administered. E-learning experience and the perception towards BL among participants in the BL arm were also assessed. Significant improvements in post-test scores as compared to pre-test scores were noted for participants in both BL and F2FL arms for knowledge, practical, and total scores. The degree of increment between the BL group and the F2FL arms for all categories were not significantly different (total scores: 35 marks, inter-quartile range (IQR) 15.0 - 41.0 vs. 31 marks, IQR 24.0 - 41.0, p = 0.690; theory scores: 18 marks, IQR 9 - 24 vs. 19 marks, IQR 15 - 20, p = 0.992; practical scores: 11 marks, IQR 5 -18 vs. 10 marks, IQR 9 - 20, p = 0.461 respectively). The overall perception towards BL was positive. Blended learning is as effective as face-to-face learning for emergency airway management training of junior doctors, suggesting that blended learning may be a feasible alternative to face-to-face learning for such skill training in emergency departments. Malaysian National Medical Research NMRR-16-696-30190 . Registered 28 April 2016.

Characterization and distribution of trace organic contaminants in sediment from Masan Bay, Korea. 2: In vitro gene expression assays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Khim, J.S.; Villeneuve, D.L.; Kannan, K.

1999-12-01

Extracts of sediment collected from Masan Bay, Korea were fractionated using Florisil columns, Fractions were screened for their ability to induce estrogen- and dioxini-like gene expression in vitro using NVLN and H2IIE-luc cells, respectively, both before and after acid treatment. Florisil fraction 1 (F1), which was shown to contain polychlorinated biphenyls, induced very little response in either assay. The midpolarity Florisil fraction (F2) was the most active fraction. Twenty-seven of 28 F2 samples induced significant estrogenic activity, and all 28 samples induced significant dioxin-like activity. Twelve of the F2 samples produced magnitudes of response in the dioxin-responsive H2IIIE-luc cells similarmore » to those induced by a 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) standard, Acid treatment did not markedly diminish the activity of F2 samples. These results suggested the presence of unidentified, acid stable, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and estrogen receptor (ER) agonists in F2. Twenty-three of the 28 most polar florisil fractions (F3) were either cytotoxic or caused morphological changes in estrogen-responsive NVLN cells, while over half of the F3 samples caused similar effects in H2IIE-luc cells. Empirical evidence suggested that acid labile compounds contributed to both the estrogenic and cytotoxic responses of the NVLN cells. Mass balance suggested that known concentrations of alkylphenols and bisphenol A may account for a portion of the estrogenic response but were not great enough to account for the toxicity. Acid labile compounds also contributed substantially to the dioxin-like activity of F3 samples. This adds to a growing body of evidence which suggests the presence of unidentified, relatively polar, aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists in sediment from some areas.« less

27 CFR 28.123 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.123..., or Transportation to a Manufacturing Bonded Warehouse § 28.123 Export marks. (a) General. In addition... filled under the provisions of part 24 of this chapter, the proprietor shall mark the word “Export” on...

High susceptibility to liver injury in IL-27 p28 conditional knockout mice involves intrinsic interferon-γ dysregulation of CD4+ T cells.

PubMed

Zhang, Song; Liang, Ruifang; Luo, Wei; Liu, Chang; Wu, Xiaoli; Gao, Yanan; Hao, Jianlei; Cao, Guangchao; Chen, Xi; Wei, Jun; Xia, Siyuan; Li, Zheng; Wen, Ti; Wu, Yunyun; Zhou, Xinglong; Wang, Puyue; Zhao, Liqing; Wu, Zhengzhou; Xiong, Sidong; Gao, Xiaoming; Gao, Xiang; Chen, Yongyan; Ge, Qing; Tian, Zhigang; Yin, Zhinan

2013-04-01

Interleukin (IL)-27, a newly discovered IL-12 family cytokine, is composed of p28 and EBI3. In this study, CD11c-p28(f/f) conditional knockout mice were generated to delete p28 specifically in dendritic cells (DCs). We demonstrated that in the absence of DC-derived p28, these mice were highly susceptible to both low and higher concentrations of concanavalin A (ConA) (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), with extremely early and steady high levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in sera. Neutralizing IFN-γ prevented ConA-induced liver damage in these mice, indicating a critical role of IFN-γ in this pathological process. Interestingly, the main source of the increased IFN-γ in CD11c-p28(f/f) mice was CD4+ T cells, but not natural killer T (NKT) cells. Depletion of CD4+ , but not NK1.1+ , cells completely abolished liver damage, whereas transferring CD4+ T cells from CD11c-p28(f/f) mice, but not from wild-type mice or CD11c-p28(f/f) -IFN-γ(-/-) double knockout mice to CD4(-/-) mice, restored the increased liver damage. Further studies defined higher levels of IFN-γ and T-bet messenger RNA in naïve CD4+ T cells from CD11c-p28(f/f) mice, and these CD4+ T cells were highly responsive to both low and higher concentrations of anti-CD3, indicating a programmed functional alternation of CD4+ T cells. We provide a unique model for studying the pathology of CD4+ T cell-mediated liver injury and reveal a novel function of DC-derived p28 on ConA-induced fulminant hepatitis through regulation of the intrinsic ability for IFN-γ production by CD4+ T cells. Copyright © 2012 American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases.

Mark F. Davis | NREL

Science.gov Websites

| 303-384-6140 Orcid ID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4541-9852 Research Interests Dr. Mark Davis is the years, he has served as the Platform Program Manager for Thermochemical and has directed research Science Center, including high throughput recalcitrance assays, omics research, computational modeling

Clinical Decision Support Model to Predict Occlusal Force in Bruxism Patients.

PubMed

Thanathornwong, Bhornsawan; Suebnukarn, Siriwan

2017-10-01

The aim of this study was to develop a decision support model for the prediction of occlusal force from the size and color of articulating paper markings in bruxism patients. We used the information from the datasets of 30 bruxism patients in which digital measurements of the size and color of articulating paper markings (12-µm Hanel; Coltene/Whaledent GmbH, Langenau, Germany) on canine protected hard stabilization splints were measured in pixels (P) and in red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values using Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The occlusal force (F) was measured using T-Scan III (Tekscan Inc., South Boston, MA, USA). The multiple regression equation was applied to predict F from the P and RGB. Model evaluation was performed using the datasets from 10 new patients. The patient's occlusal force measured by T-Scan III was used as a 'gold standard' to compare with the occlusal force predicted by the multiple regression model. The results demonstrate that the correlation between the occlusal force and the pixels and RGB of the articulating paper markings was positive (F = 1.62×P + 0.07×R -0.08×G + 0.08×B + 4.74; R 2 = 0.34). There was a high degree of agreement between the occlusal force of the patient measured using T-Scan III and the occlusal force predicted by the model (kappa value = 0.82). The results obtained demonstrate that the multiple regression model can predict the occlusal force using the digital values for the size and color of the articulating paper markings in bruxism patients.

Clinical Decision Support Model to Predict Occlusal Force in Bruxism Patients

PubMed Central

Thanathornwong, Bhornsawan

2017-01-01

Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a decision support model for the prediction of occlusal force from the size and color of articulating paper markings in bruxism patients. Methods We used the information from the datasets of 30 bruxism patients in which digital measurements of the size and color of articulating paper markings (12-µm Hanel; Coltene/Whaledent GmbH, Langenau, Germany) on canine protected hard stabilization splints were measured in pixels (P) and in red (R), green (G), and blue (B) values using Adobe Photoshop software (Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The occlusal force (F) was measured using T-Scan III (Tekscan Inc., South Boston, MA, USA). The multiple regression equation was applied to predict F from the P and RGB. Model evaluation was performed using the datasets from 10 new patients. The patient's occlusal force measured by T-Scan III was used as a ‘gold standard’ to compare with the occlusal force predicted by the multiple regression model. Results The results demonstrate that the correlation between the occlusal force and the pixels and RGB of the articulating paper markings was positive (F = 1.62×P + 0.07×R –0.08×G + 0.08×B + 4.74; R2 = 0.34). There was a high degree of agreement between the occlusal force of the patient measured using T-Scan III and the occlusal force predicted by the model (kappa value = 0.82). Conclusions The results obtained demonstrate that the multiple regression model can predict the occlusal force using the digital values for the size and color of the articulating paper markings in bruxism patients. PMID:29181234

Effects of exposure, diet, and thermoregulation on fecal glucocorticoid measures in wild bears.

PubMed

Stetz, Jeff; Hunt, Kathleen; Kendall, Katherine C; Wasser, Samuel K

2013-01-01

We examined fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) measures of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands on wild bears in Glacier National Park, Montana, and assessed how these measures changed in samples left in the field. Both ambient temperature and exposure can impact thermoregulation and sample degradation. Bear diets vary markedly with season, affecting body condition and thus fGC. We collected fecal samples during September and October, 2001, when ambient temperatures ranged from 30°C to -5°C. We collected half of each sample immediately and left the other half in its original location for 1-28 days. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to first predict fGC concentrations in fresh samples based on proxies of nutrition, ambient temperature, thermal exposure, and precipitation. These same covariates were then used to predict degradation-based differences in fGC concentrations between the paired sample halves. Variation in fGC was predicted by diet, Julian date, aspect, and the interaction between Julian date and aspect in both fresh and exposed samples. Cumulative precipitation was also a significant predictor of fGC concentrations in the exposed samples, independent of time, indicating that precipitation contributes to sample degradation but not enough to mask effects of other environmental factors on fGC concentrations. Differences between sample halves were only predicted by cumulative precipitation and exposure time; cumulative precipitation decreased, whereas exposure time increased, fGC concentrations in the exposed sample halves. Results indicate that fGC can provide reliable indices of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands in bears and that sample degradation impacts on these relations are minimal and can be virtually eliminated by controlling for cumulative precipitation over the estimated exposure times.

Effects of Exposure, Diet, and Thermoregulation on Fecal Glucocorticoid Measures in Wild Bears

PubMed Central

Stetz, Jeff; Hunt, Kathleen; Kendall, Katherine C.; Wasser, Samuel K.

2013-01-01

We examined fecal glucocorticoid (fGC) measures of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands on wild bears in Glacier National Park, Montana, and assessed how these measures changed in samples left in the field. Both ambient temperature and exposure can impact thermoregulation and sample degradation. Bear diets vary markedly with season, affecting body condition and thus fGC. We collected fecal samples during September and October, 2001, when ambient temperatures ranged from 30°C to −5°C. We collected half of each sample immediately and left the other half in its original location for 1–28 days. We used generalized linear models (GLM) to first predict fGC concentrations in fresh samples based on proxies of nutrition, ambient temperature, thermal exposure, and precipitation. These same covariates were then used to predict degradation-based differences in fGC concentrations between the paired sample halves. Variation in fGC was predicted by diet, Julian date, aspect, and the interaction between Julian date and aspect in both fresh and exposed samples. Cumulative precipitation was also a significant predictor of fGC concentrations in the exposed samples, independent of time, indicating that precipitation contributes to sample degradation but not enough to mask effects of other environmental factors on fGC concentrations. Differences between sample halves were only predicted by cumulative precipitation and exposure time; cumulative precipitation decreased, whereas exposure time increased, fGC concentrations in the exposed sample halves. Results indicate that fGC can provide reliable indices of nutrition and thermoregulatory demands in bears and that sample degradation impacts on these relations are minimal and can be virtually eliminated by controlling for cumulative precipitation over the estimated exposure times. PMID:23457488

Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics modelling and experimental validation of the Jülich Mark-F solid oxide fuel cell stack

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishida, R. T.; Beale, S. B.; Pharoah, J. G.; de Haart, L. G. J.; Blum, L.

2018-01-01

This work is among the first where the results of an extensive experimental research programme are compared to performance calculations of a comprehensive computational fluid dynamics model for a solid oxide fuel cell stack. The model, which combines electrochemical reactions with momentum, heat, and mass transport, is used to obtain results for an established industrial-scale fuel cell stack design with complex manifolds. To validate the model, comparisons with experimentally gathered voltage and temperature data are made for the Jülich Mark-F, 18-cell stack operating in a test furnace. Good agreement is obtained between the model and experiment results for cell voltages and temperature distributions, confirming the validity of the computational methodology for stack design. The transient effects during ramp up of current in the experiment may explain a lower average voltage than model predictions for the power curve.

Communicative Arts. A Selected Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

Writing Style." Army Trainer, Vol. 6, Summer 1987, pp. 42-46. (Periodical) Irmscher, William F. The Holt Guide to English: A Comnrehensive Handbook...45. (Periodical) Hannaford, Peter. "Why Off the Cuff Is Off the Mark." Nation’s Business, Vol. 72, May 1984, pp. 28-29. (Periodical) Hoff , Ron. "I Can...Pp. 89- 124: "The Tongue." (PN187 .S67 1990) Stuart, Cristina . How to Be an Effective Sneaker. Lincolnwood: NTC, 1989. 238pp. (PN4121 .S83 1989) The

Development and Validation of a Novel Fusion Algorithm for Continuous, Accurate and Automated R-wave Detection and Calculation of Signal-Derived Metrics

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

Predicting the onset of atrial fibrillation : the Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2001. Comput Cardiol 2001;28:113-6. [22] Moody GB, Mark RG, Goldberger AL...Computers in Cardiology Challenge 2006: QT interval measurement. Comput Cardiol 2006;33:313-6. [18] Moody GB. Spontaneous termination of atrial ... fibrillation : a challenge from PhysioNet and Computers in Cardiology 2004. Comput Cardiol 2004;31:101-4. [19] Moody GB, Jager F. Distinguishing ischemic from non

Age, sex, and setting factors and labor force in athletic training.

PubMed

Kahanov, Leamor; Eberman, Lindsey E

2011-01-01

Occupation or occupational setting shifts might be occurring in the athletic training profession, and differences between sexes might exist; however, little evidence exists to confirm this supposition. To evaluate trends in male and female athletic training employment patterns in terms of age and occupational setting. Cross-sectional study. We requested demographic data from the National Athletic Trainers' Association (October 27, 2009) and obtained frequency totals of members by sex across the occupational life span by occupational setting. Our sample included 18 571 athletic trainers employed in the 3 largest classifications of occupational settings within the profession: college or university, clinical, and secondary school. We calculated frequencies and percentages to determine demographic and descriptive data. We analyzed the data using an analysis of variance to identify the differences between sexes across age and setting. We observed trends in occupational setting and sex across ages 22 to 67 years. We identified differences between sexes across the ages 22 to 67 years (F(1,18569) = 110818.080, P < .001, η(2) = .068) and across occupational settings (F(1,18569) = 61.908, P < .001, η(2) = .003), noting a marked decline in female athletic trainers in the workforce beginning around age 28 years and an increase in male athletic trainers in the secondary school setting beginning around their middle to late 40s. We observed differences at the intercept between setting and sex (F(1,18569) = 63529.344, P < .001, η(2) = .845), which were greater when observed across the ages (F(1,18569) = 23566787.642, P < .001, η(2) = .939). We identified differences between sexes across settings and ages in addition to an overall decrease in the workforce among all professionals. A marked decline in female athletic trainers occurred at age 28 years, yet the male population increased at the secondary school level, suggesting a setting shift. Burnout, fatigue, pay scale, and a misunderstanding of professional culture and job duties might influence the exodus or shift in athletic training.

Gene therapy using self-complementary Y733F capsid mutant AAV2/8 restores vision in a model of early onset Leber congenital amaurosis.

PubMed

Ku, Cristy A; Chiodo, Vince A; Boye, Sanford L; Goldberg, Andrew F X; Li, Tiansen; Hauswirth, William W; Ramamurthy, Visvanathan

2011-12-01

Defects in the photoreceptor-specific gene aryl hydrocarbon receptor interacting protein-like 1 (Aipl1) are associated with Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA), a childhood blinding disease with early-onset retinal degeneration and vision loss. Furthermore, Aipl1 defects are characterized at the most severe end of the LCA spectrum. The rapid photoreceptor degeneration and vision loss observed in the LCA patient population are mimicked in a mouse model lacking AIPL1. Using this model, we evaluated if gene replacement therapy using recent advancements in adeno-associated viral vectors (AAV) provides advantages in preventing rapid retinal degeneration. Specifically, we demonstrated that the novel self-complementary Y733F capsid mutant AAV2/8 (sc-Y733F-AAV) provided greater preservation of photoreceptors and functional vision in Aipl1 null mice compared with single-stranded AAV2/8. The benefits of sc-Y733F-AAV were evident following viral administration during the active phase of retinal degeneration, where only sc-Y733F-AAV treatment achieved functional vision rescue. This result was likely due to higher and earlier onset of Aipl1 expression. Based on our studies, we conclude that the sc-Y733F-AAV2/8 viral vector, to date, achieves the best rescue for rapid retinal degeneration in Aipl1 null mice. Our results provide important considerations for viral vectors to be used in future gene therapy clinical trials targeting a wider severity spectrum of inherited retinal dystrophies.

A classification of marked hijaiyah letters' pronunciation using hidden Markov model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wisesty, Untari N.; Mubarok, M. Syahrul; Adiwijaya

2017-08-01

Hijaiyah letters are the letters that arrange the words in Al Qur'an consisting of 28 letters. They symbolize the consonant sounds. On the other hand, the vowel sounds are symbolized by harokat/marks. Speech recognition system is a system used to process the sound signal to be data so that it can be recognized by computer. To build the system, some stages are needed i.e characteristics/feature extraction and classification. In this research, LPC and MFCC extraction method, K-Means Quantization vector and Hidden Markov Model classification are used. The data used are the 28 letters and 6 harakat with the total class of 168. After several are testing done, it can be concluded that the system can recognize the pronunciation pattern of marked hijaiyah letter very well in the training data with its highest accuracy of 96.1% using the feature of LPC extraction and 94% using the MFCC. Meanwhile, when testing system is used, the accuracy decreases up to 41%.

User’s Manual for Strategic Satellite System Terminal Segment Life Cycle Cost Model. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

BASE TO/38X,15HDEPOT IN MONTHS,35X,F15.3/28X,55H + OSTC - ORDER AND SHIPPING TIME FROM A SATELLITE BASE/38X,26HT0 I +TS CIMP BASE IN MONTHS,24X,F15.3...COST OF PACKING AND SHIP +PING FROM A SATELLITE/38X,47HBASE TO ITS CIMP BASE IN $ PER NET WE +IGHT POUND,3X,F15.3/28X,54HCPPDC1) -COST OF PACKING AND

76 FR 18664 - Airworthiness Directives; The Boeing Company Model 767 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-05

... apply to The Boeing Company Model 767-200, -300, -300F, and -400ER series airplanes. That NPRM published... time have changed the text of AWLs No. 28-AWL-27 and No. 28-AWL- 28. Therefore, either of the revisions..., may be used. Request To Extend Compliance Time CAL had no technical objection to the original NPRM...

DeepIED: An epileptic discharge detector for EEG-fMRI based on deep learning.

PubMed

Hao, Yongfu; Khoo, Hui Ming; von Ellenrieder, Nicolas; Zazubovits, Natalja; Gotman, Jean

2018-01-01

Presurgical evaluation that can precisely delineate the epileptogenic zone (EZ) is one important step for successful surgical resection treatment of refractory epilepsy patients. The noninvasive EEG-fMRI recording technique combined with general linear model (GLM) analysis is considered an important tool for estimating the EZ. However, the manual marking of interictal epileptic discharges (IEDs) needed in this analysis is challenging and time-consuming because the quality of the EEG recorded inside the scanner is greatly deteriorated compared to the usual EEG obtained outside the scanner. This is one of main impediments to the widespread use of EEG-fMRI in epilepsy. We propose a deep learning based semi-automatic IED detector that can find the candidate IEDs in the EEG recorded inside the scanner which resemble sample IEDs marked in the EEG recorded outside the scanner. The manual marking burden is greatly reduced as the expert need only edit candidate IEDs. The model is trained on data from 30 patients. Validation of IEDs detection accuracy on another 37 consecutive patients shows our method can improve the median sensitivity from 50.0% for the previously proposed template-based method to 84.2%, with false positive rate as 5 events/min. Reproducibility validation on 15 patients is applied to evaluate if our method can produce similar hemodynamic response maps compared with the manual marking ground truth results. We explore the concordance between the maximum hemodynamic response and the intracerebral EEG defined EZ and find that both methods produce similar percentage of concordance (76.9%, 10 out of 13 patients, electrode was absent in the maximum hemodynamic response in two patients). This tool will make EEG-fMRI analysis more practical for clinical usage.

27 CFR 28.223 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.223... Export marks. In addition to the marks and brands required to be placed on kegs, barrels, cases, crates... “Export” on each container or case before removal for export, for use on vessels or aircraft, or for...

Air-Ground Integration: Preliminary Results from the Coalition Attack Guidance Experiment (The International C2 Journal Volume 5, Number 3, 2011)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Mitchell (DNK), Royal Danish Defence College Sandeep Mulgund (USA), The MITRE Corporation Mark Nissen (USA), Naval Postgraduate School Mink Spaans (NLD...Research Management 25(1): 28-33. Cash, J.I., Jr., F.W. McFarlan, J.L. McKenney, and M.R. Vitale. 1988. Corporate Information Systems Management 2nd...Between Structure and Technology. In Handbook of Organizational Design vol. 2: 3-38, eds. P. C. Nystrom and W. H. Starbuck . New York, NY: Oxford

Fluoride release from glass ionomer restorative materials and the effects of surface coating.

PubMed

Hattab, F N; Amin, W M

2001-06-01

This in vitro study on fluoride (F) release from conventional and metal-reinforced glass ionomer investigated the following: (1) the release of F in deionized water compared to artificial saliva, (2) the effect of various surface coatings on F release, (3) the uptake of released F by hydroxyapatite, (4) the expression of the release data in a mathematical model, (5) F content in the powders and set materials, and (6) surface morphology of varnished and resin-coated specimens. Glass ionomer Ketac-Fil (KF), Fuji II (FJ), and Ketac-Silver (KS) were mixed according to the manufacturers' instructions, and prepared into specimens of 137.8 mm2 surface area. All three specimens were suspended in 50 ml of deionized water, artificial saliva, or aqueous solution of hydroxyapatite and submitted to constant agitation at 37 degrees C. In a separate experiment, the specimens were coated with varnish or light-cured bonding resin and tested for F release in solutions similar to those for uncoated specimens. The release of F occurred for 28 days. The concentration of F was measured with F-ion-specific electrode. All tested products showed a strong initial rate of F release which decreased with time until it reached a relatively steady rate after two weeks. The F released from KF and FJ was comparable in both pattern and magnitude. They released approximately four times more F than KS. In all cases, the release of F in artificial saliva was significantly (p < 0.001) less than in deionized water. Surface coating the specimens significantly reduced the F release ( p < 0.05 top < 0.001, depending on the product and type of coating). The inhibitory effect of coating markedly decreased with time. Resin coating reduced F release more than varnish in KF and KS, but not for FJ. Essentially, all F released in aqueous solution was taken up by the hydroxyapatite, with FJ ranking the highest in increasing hydroxyapatite F concentration. Over the 28 days, the quantities of F released from FJ, KF, and KS were, respectively, 3.8, 2.3, and 1.0% of the total F content in the specimens. The F concentration in the set KS was 53.9 and 72.5% of that found in KF and FJ, respectively. The release data as a function of time were best described by the power curve. Micromorphological examinations revealed remnants of surface coatings on specimens after 14 days storage in artificial saliva. Glass ionomer cements released significantly less F in artificial saliva than in deionized water. Surface coating the specimens substantially reduced F release. These clinically relevant factors were not considered by many in vitro release studies which overestimate the F availability from glass ionomers. A recall appointment 24 h after the placement of glass ionomer restoration should be given for surface finishing.

27 CFR 28.216 - Export marks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Export marks. 28.216 Section 28.216 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS EXPORTATION OF ALCOHOL Exportation of Wine With Benefit of Drawback § 28.216...

Coadministration of alloxan and nicotinamide in rats produces biochemical changes in blood and pathological alterations comparable to the changes in type II diabetes mellitus.

PubMed

Vattam, K K; Raghavendran, Hrb; Murali, M R; Savatey, H; Kamarul, T

2016-08-01

In the present study, thirty six male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups and were injected with varying doses of alloxan (Ax) and nicotinamide (NA). The serum levels of glucose, insulin, and adiponectin were measured weekly up to 4 weeks. Elevated levels of glucose were observed in all groups on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, except in groups a and f (control). The serum insulin levels were significantly elevated in groups b and c on day 7, when compared with that in group f, whereas a decrease in the serum insulin levels was observed in groups d and e on days 21 and 28. The adiponectin levels showed inconsistencies on days 7 and 14. However, significant decrease in the adiponectin levels was observed on days 21 and 28. Histological section of the pancreas showed mild (group a), moderate (group b) to severe (groups c, d, and e) degenerative changes. Concomitant fatty changes in the liver and inflammatory infiltration of the kidney were markedly observed in all the treated groups, when compared to control. These results suggested that the use of selective combination of Ax120 + NA50 injection demonstrated type II diabetes mellitus in rats. © The Author(s) 2015.

Low-Z shore of the "island of inversion" and the reduced neutron magicity toward 28O

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doornenbal, P.; Scheit, H.; Takeuchi, S.; Utsuno, Y.; Aoi, N.; Li, K.; Matsushita, M.; Steppenbeck, D.; Wang, H.; Baba, H.; Ideguchi, E.; Kobayashi, N.; Kondo, Y.; Lee, J.; Michimasa, S.; Motobayashi, T.; Otsuka, T.; Sakurai, H.; Takechi, M.; Togano, Y.; Yoneda, K.

2017-04-01

The two odd-even fluorine isotopes F,2927 were studied via in-beam γ -ray spectroscopy at the RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. A secondary beam of 30Ne was used to induce one-proton and one-proton-two-neutron removal reactions on carbon and polyethylene targets at midtarget energies of 228 MeV/u . Excited states were observed at 915(12) keV for 27F and at 1080(18) keV for 29F. Both were assigned a 1 /21+ spin and parity. The low transition energy for 29F largely disagrees with shell model predictions restricted to the s d model space. Calculations using effective interactions that include the neutron p f shell indicate that the N =20 gap is quenched for 29F, thus extending the "island of inversion" to isotopes with proton number Z =9 . Variations of the N =20 gap further reveal a strong correlation to the 1 /21+ level energy in 29F and suggest a persistent reduced neutron gap for 28O.

The nematode homologue of Mediator complex subunit 28, F28F8.5, is a critical regulator of C. elegans development

PubMed Central

Kostrouchová, Markéta; Kostrouch, David; Kaššák, Filip; Kostrouchová, Veronika; Benda, Aleš; Krause, Michael W.; Saudek, Vladimír; Kostrouchová, Marta

2017-01-01

The evolutionarily conserved Mediator complex is a critical player in regulating transcription. Comprised of approximately two dozen proteins, the Mediator integrates diverse regulatory signals through direct protein-protein interactions that, in turn, modulate the influence of Mediator on RNA Polymerase II activity. One Mediator subunit, MED28, is known to interact with cytoplasmic structural proteins, providing a potential direct link between cytoplasmic dynamics and the control of gene transcription. Although identified in many animals and plants, MED28 is not present in yeast; no bona fide MED28 has been described previously in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we identify bioinformatically F28F8.5, an uncharacterized predicted protein, as the nematode homologue of MED28. As in other Metazoa, F28F8.5 has dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localization and plays critical roles in the regulation of development. F28F8.5 is a vital gene and its null mutants have severely malformed gonads and do not reproduce. F28F8.5 interacts on the protein level with the Mediator subunits MDT-6 and MDT-30. Our results indicate that F28F8.5 is an orthologue of MED28 and suggest that the potential to link cytoplasmic and nuclear events is conserved between MED28 vertebrate and nematode orthologues. PMID:28603670

The nematode homologue of Mediator complex subunit 28, F28F8.5, is a critical regulator of C. elegans development.

PubMed

Kostrouchová, Markéta; Kostrouch, David; Chughtai, Ahmed A; Kaššák, Filip; Novotný, Jan P; Kostrouchová, Veronika; Benda, Aleš; Krause, Michael W; Saudek, Vladimír; Kostrouchová, Marta; Kostrouch, Zdeněk

2017-01-01

The evolutionarily conserved Mediator complex is a critical player in regulating transcription. Comprised of approximately two dozen proteins, the Mediator integrates diverse regulatory signals through direct protein-protein interactions that, in turn, modulate the influence of Mediator on RNA Polymerase II activity. One Mediator subunit, MED28, is known to interact with cytoplasmic structural proteins, providing a potential direct link between cytoplasmic dynamics and the control of gene transcription. Although identified in many animals and plants, MED28 is not present in yeast; no bona fide MED28 has been described previously in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we identify bioinformatically F28F8.5, an uncharacterized predicted protein, as the nematode homologue of MED28. As in other Metazoa, F28F8.5 has dual nuclear and cytoplasmic localization and plays critical roles in the regulation of development. F28F8.5 is a vital gene and its null mutants have severely malformed gonads and do not reproduce. F28F8.5 interacts on the protein level with the Mediator subunits MDT-6 and MDT-30. Our results indicate that F28F8.5 is an orthologue of MED28 and suggest that the potential to link cytoplasmic and nuclear events is conserved between MED28 vertebrate and nematode orthologues.

Testing modified gravity using a marked correlation function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Armijo, Joaquí n.; Cai, Yan-Chuan; Padilla, Nelson; Li, Baojiu; Peacock, John A.

2018-05-01

In theories of modified gravity with the chameleon screening mechanism, the strength of the fifth force depends on environment. This induces an environment dependence of structure formation, which differs from ΛCDM. We show that these differences can be captured by the marked correlation function. With the galaxy correlation functions and number densities calibrated to match between f(R) and ΛCDM models in simulations, we show that the marked correlation functions from using either the local galaxy number density or halo mass as the marks encode extra information, which can be used to test these theories. We discuss possible applications of these statistics in observations.

F-15B QuietSpike(TradeMark) Aeroservoelastic Flight Test Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kukreja, Sunil L.

2007-01-01

System identification or mathematical modelling is utilised in the aerospace community for the development of simulation models for robust control law design. These models are often described as linear, time-invariant processes and assumed to be uniform throughout the flight envelope. Nevertheless, it is well known that the underlying process is inherently nonlinear. The reason for utilising a linear approach has been due to the lack of a proper set of tools for the identification of nonlinear systems. Over the past several decades the controls and biomedical communities have made great advances in developing tools for the identification of nonlinear systems. These approaches are robust and readily applicable to aerospace systems. In this paper, we show the application of one such nonlinear system identification technique, structure detection, for the analysis of F-15B QuietSpike(TradeMark) aeroservoelastic flight test data. Structure detection is concerned with the selection of a subset of candidate terms that best describe the observed output. This is a necessary procedure to compute an efficient system description which may afford greater insight into the functionality of the system or a simpler controller design. Structure computation as a tool for black-box modelling may be of critical importance for the development of robust, parsimonious models for the flight-test community. Moreover, this approach may lead to efficient strategies for rapid envelope expansion which may save significant development time and costs. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate via analysis of F-15B QuietSpike(TradeMark) aeroservoelastic flight test data for several flight conditions (Mach number) that (i) linear models are inefficient for modelling aeroservoelastic data, (ii) nonlinear identification provides a parsimonious model description whilst providing a high percent fit for cross-validated data and (iii) the model structure and parameters vary as the flight condition is altered.

Performance of trichlorfon degradation by a novel Bacillus tequilensis strain PA F-3 and its proposed biodegradation pathway.

PubMed

Tian, Jiang; Yu, Chenlei; Xue, Yingwen; Zhao, Ruixue; Wang, Jing; Chen, Lanzhou

2016-11-01

The novel trichlorfon (TCF)-degrading bacterium PA F-3, identified as Bacillus tequilensis, was isolated from pesticide-polluted soils by using an effective screening and domesticating procedure. The TCF biodegradation pathways of PA F-3 were also systematically elucidated. As revealed by high-performance liquid chromatography, the TCF residues in the mineral salt medium demonstrated that PA F-3 can utilize TCF as its sole carbon source and reach the highest degradation of 71.1 % at an initial TCF concentration of 200 mg/L within 5 days. The TCF degradation conditions were optimized using response surface methodology as follows: temperature, 28 °C; inoculum amount, 4 %; and initial TCF concentration, 125 mg/L. Biodegradation treatments supplemented with exogenous carbon sources and yeast extract markedly increased the microbial dry weights and TCF-degrading performance of PA F-3, respectively. Meanwhile, five metabolic products of TCF were identified through gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and a biodegradation pathway was proposed. Results indicated that deoxidation and dehydration (including the cleavage of the P-C phosphonate bond and the C-O bond) were the preferred metabolic reactions of TCF in this TCF-degrading bacterium.

Benzene induced resistance in exposed Drosophila melanogaster: Outcome of improved detoxification and gene modulation.

PubMed

Sharma, Divya; Singh, Mahendra Pratap; Vimal, Divya; Kumar, Saurabh; Jha, Rakesh Roshan; Chowdhuri, D Kar

2018-06-01

Adaptive behaviour of an organism has relevance towards developing better resistance in subsequent generations following xenobiotic exposures. Using a genetically tractable and functional insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, we aimed to examine the resistance of the organism against repeated exposures of benzene, an industrial and environmental-chemical and a class I human carcinogen. While 100 mM benzene exposure to one-day old flies for seven days caused ∼95% mortality (F0), its exposure to subsequent generations of flies led a significant decrease in mortality with maximum survival (∼85%) as evident at F28 generation. While burden of benzene and its toxic metabolites was higher in initial generations, in latter generations (F24-F28), concentrations of less toxic metabolites were higher. In parallel, improved metabolism, less oxidative stress, less induction of hsp60 and hsp70 and higher induction of hsp26 and hsp27 along with increased gene dose ratio of three genes (cyp6g1, mrp1, and cyp12d1) were observed in latter generations of benzene exposed flies with maximum benefit accrued in F28 generation. The resistance developed in flies of F28 generation had a negative impact on reproduction which might be due to a cost against selection. The study demonstrates development of benzene resistance in Drosophila with permanent genetic changes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of the cuticular lipid composition of the Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis.

PubMed

Gołebiowski, Marek; Maliński, Edmund; Nawrot, Jan; Szafranek, Janusz; Stepnowski, Piotr

2007-06-01

The Western Flower Thrips Frankliniella occidentalis effectively resists many insecticides, but it can be controlled by the use of bioinsecticides such as entomopathogenic fungi. The epicuticular chemistry of these insects is therefore of great interest, and accordingly, the cuticular lipid composition of F. occidentalis was analysed. It was found that the cuticular lipids of both the adult and larval stages of F. occidentalis consist of two groups of compounds--hydrocarbons and free fatty acids. The same hydrocarbon pattern was found in both adults and larvae, with the exception of n-hentriacontane, which was detected only in adult insects. The following homologous series were identified: n-alkanes from C-25 to C-29 (31) with the marked dominance of odd numbers of carbon atoms, 3-methylalkanes with 26 and 28 carbon atoms, and branched monomethylalkanes (branched at C-9, -11, -13 and -15) with 26, 28 and 30 carbon atoms. The chemical composition of the free fatty acids consists of two homologous series: saturated (C(14:0), C(16:0), C(18:0)) and unsaturated fatty acids (C(16:1) and C(18:1)). This analysis confirmed the lack of potential inhibitors of entomopathogenic fungi in the cuticular lipids of this insect species.

Lightweight ZERODUR: Validation of Mirror Performance and Mirror Modeling Predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hull, Tony; Stahl, H. Philip; Westerhoff, Thomas; Valente, Martin; Brooks, Thomas; Eng, Ron

2017-01-01

Upcoming spaceborne missions, both moderate and large in scale, require extreme dimensional stability while relying both upon established lightweight mirror materials, and also upon accurate modeling methods to predict performance under varying boundary conditions. We describe tests, recently performed at NASA's XRCF chambers and laboratories in Huntsville Alabama, during which a 1.2 m diameter, f/1.2988% lightweighted SCHOTT lightweighted ZERODUR(TradeMark) mirror was tested for thermal stability under static loads in steps down to 230K. Test results are compared to model predictions, based upon recently published data on ZERODUR(TradeMark). In addition to monitoring the mirror surface for thermal perturbations in XRCF Thermal Vacuum tests, static load gravity deformations have been measured and compared to model predictions. Also the Modal Response(dynamic disturbance) was measured and compared to model. We will discuss the fabrication approach and optomechanical design of the ZERODUR(TradeMark) mirror substrate by SCHOTT, its optical preparation for test by Arizona Optical Systems (AOS). Summarize the outcome of NASA's XRCF tests and model validations

Superagonistic CD28 antibody induces donor-specific tolerance in rat renal allografts.

PubMed

Azuma, H; Isaka, Y; Li, X; Hünig, T; Sakamoto, T; Nohmi, H; Takabatake, Y; Mizui, M; Kitazawa, Y; Ichimaru, N; Ibuki, N; Ubai, T; Inamoto, T; Katsuoka, Y; Takahara, S

2008-10-01

The ultimate goal of organ transplantation is to establish graft tolerance where CD4+CD25+FOXP3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role. We examined whether a superagonistic monoclonal antibody specific for CD28 (CD28 SA), which expands Treg cells in vivo, would prevent acute rejection and induce tolerance using our established rat acute renal allograft model (Wistar to Lewis). In the untreated or mouse IgG-treated recipients, graft function significantly deteriorated with marked destruction of renal tissue, and all rats died by 13 days with severe azotemia. In contrast, 90% of recipients treated with CD28 SA survived over 100 days, and 70% survived with well-preserved graft function until graft recovery at 180 days. Analysis by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry demonstrated that CD28 SA induced marked infiltration of FOXP3+ Treg cells into the allografts. Furthermore, these long-surviving recipients showed donor-specific tolerance, accepting secondary (donor-matched) Wistar cardiac allografts, but acutely rejecting third-party BN allografts. We further demonstrated that adoptive transfer of CD4+CD25+ Treg cells, purified from CD28 SA-treated Lewis rats, significantly prolonged allograft survival and succeeded in inducing donor-specific tolerance. In conclusion, CD28 SA treatment successfully induces donor-specific tolerance with the involvement of Treg cells, and thus the therapeutic value of this approach warrants further investigation and preclinical studies.

Conceptual Processes for Linking Eutrophication and Network Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-01

recommends a general procedure for future endeavors in this area. BACKGROUND: In recent years new ideas for nutrient management to control...network model. Coupling these two models will provide managers a new perspective on how to improve management strategies and help answer questions such...Dorothy H. Tillman, Dr. Carl F. Cerco, and Mr. Mark R. Noel of the Water Quality and Contaminant Modeling Branch, Enviromental Laboratory (EL

Structure of 29F in the rotation-aligned coupling scheme of the particle-rotor model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Macchiavelli, A. O.; Crawford, H. L.; Fallon, P.

Recent results from RIKEN/RIBF on the low-lying level structure of 29F are interpreted within the Particle-Rotor Model. We show that the experimental data can be understood in the Rotation-aligned Coupling Scheme, with the 5/2 + ground state as the bandhead of a decoupled band. In this picture, the energy of the observed 1/2more » $$+\\atop{1}$$ state correlates strongly with the rotational energy of the core and provides an estimate of the 2 + energy in 28O. Our analysis suggests a moderate deformation, ϵ 2 ~ 0.16, and places the 2 + in 28O at ~ 2.5 MeV.« less

Structure of 29F in the rotation-aligned coupling scheme of the particle-rotor model

DOE PAGES

Macchiavelli, A. O.; Crawford, H. L.; Fallon, P.; ...

2017-10-23

Recent results from RIKEN/RIBF on the low-lying level structure of 29F are interpreted within the Particle-Rotor Model. We show that the experimental data can be understood in the Rotation-aligned Coupling Scheme, with the 5/2 + ground state as the bandhead of a decoupled band. In this picture, the energy of the observed 1/2more » $$+\\atop{1}$$ state correlates strongly with the rotational energy of the core and provides an estimate of the 2 + energy in 28O. Our analysis suggests a moderate deformation, ϵ 2 ~ 0.16, and places the 2 + in 28O at ~ 2.5 MeV.« less

APC gene mutations in individuals with possible attenuated familial adenomatous polyposis coli

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frayling, J.M.; Talbot, J.; Harocopos, C.A.

Spirio et al. have described an attenuated form of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) termed AAPC, where affected individuals have been found to have mutations in exons 3 & 4 of the APC gene. AAPC expression within a family appears to be extremely variable and can overlap clinically with FAP, giving rise to between zero and a few hundred adenomas. The phenotypic range associated with AAPC mutations is undefined and the frequency in the population of such alleles of the APC gene is unknown. In addition, it is as yet unclear how many cases of sporadic colorectal adenomas might have AAPC.more » In order to address this we have identified 110 individuals having a phenotype compatible with a diagnosis of AAPC, in three groups: (1) 30 individuals (15m, 15f; median age = 55y, range 8-71y) with some or all of the following: colonic adenomas (28 cases); colorectal cancer (12 cases); extra-colonic features of FAP, either desmoid tumours (4 cases, including 2 without colonic adenomas) or sebaceous cysts (2 cases). Sixteen cases had a family history of adenomas/colorectal cancer/extra-colonic features of FAP. (2) 16 individuals (10m, 6f) from the St. Mark`s Polyposis Registry, diagnosed with FAP (including a family history), who had unusually few adenomas (median = 200) at colectomy (median age = 43y, range 17-62y). (3) 64 individuals (43m, 21f) from the St. Mark`s Hospital Adenoma Follow-up Study who either had >4 adenomas at presentation (median total adenomas = 9), or >4 adenomas detected during follow-up (median total adenomas = 9). Genomic DNA was obtained from these individuals and exons 1-4 of the APC gene were amplified by PCR. Chemical cleavage of mismatch was used to screen for mutations, followed by sequencing if variant bands were found. Germ-line mutations have been identified in exons 3 and 4 in a proportion of these individuals, thus extending the clinical spectrum of phenotypes associated with mutations in this region of the APC gene.« less

Testing the effectiveness of an aquatic hazing device on waterbirds in the San Francisco Bay estuary of California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Whisson, Desley A.; Takekawa, John Y.

2000-01-01

Aquatic hazing devices recently have been developed as a possible means of deterring waterbirds from oil spills, thereby reducing casualties. However, the effectiveness of these devices has not been examined with rigorous statistical tests. We conducted a study in the San Francisco Bay estuary to develop a design for testing the effectiveness of an aquatic hazing device on waterbirds in open water. Transects marked with poles at 100-m inter- vals up to 800 m from the hazing device were established at two sites separated by three km in the north bay. Alter- nating two-day test and control periods were conducted at each site. Observers in over-water blinds counted the number, species and behavior (swimming, diving, or preening) of birds on transects each day. Aerial surveys of birds within four km of the device were conducted at the beginning of each test. For both aerial and ground surveys, a three-way mixed model analysis of variance test was used to examine trial, distance from the device, and treatment (device on or off) fixed effects, and site as a random effect on numbers of Greater and Lesser scaup (Aythya affinis and A. marila), Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata), and all other waterbirds. We could not detect a significant deter- rent effect of the hazing device in either aerial surveys of all ducks or scaup (all ducks, F,283 = 1.1; Scaup, F28,230 = 0.9, all n.s.; 3-factor ANOVA), or ground surveys for all ducks or scaup (all ducks, F28,23 = 1.0; scaup, F2s,230 = 0.9, all n.s.; 3-factor ANOVA). There was a significant trial-by-treatment interaction for Surf Scoters (F4,9 = 5.4, P = 0.02; 3-factor ANOVA), but Surf Scoter numbers fluctuated greatly among trials so the effect of the device on this species was not clear. Birds did not alter their behavior when the device was active. In general, although aquatic hazing devices have potential to reduce waterbird mortality in oil spills, the tested device was not effective as a deterrent for waterfowl in experimental trials on the estuary. Received 27 September 1999, accepted 3January 2000.

Uncovering a latent multinomial: Analysis of mark-recapture data with misidentification

USGS Publications Warehouse

Link, W.A.; Yoshizaki, J.; Bailey, L.L.; Pollock, K.H.

2010-01-01

Natural tags based on DNA fingerprints or natural features of animals are now becoming very widely used in wildlife population biology. However, classic capture-recapture models do not allow for misidentification of animals which is a potentially very serious problem with natural tags. Statistical analysis of misidentification processes is extremely difficult using traditional likelihood methods but is easily handled using Bayesian methods. We present a general framework for Bayesian analysis of categorical data arising from a latent multinomial distribution. Although our work is motivated by a specific model for misidentification in closed population capture-recapture analyses, with crucial assumptions which may not always be appropriate, the methods we develop extend naturally to a variety of other models with similar structure. Suppose that observed frequencies f are a known linear transformation f = A???x of a latent multinomial variable x with cell probability vector ?? = ??(??). Given that full conditional distributions [?? | x] can be sampled, implementation of Gibbs sampling requires only that we can sample from the full conditional distribution [x | f, ??], which is made possible by knowledge of the null space of A???. We illustrate the approach using two data sets with individual misidentification, one simulated, the other summarizing recapture data for salamanders based on natural marks. ?? 2009, The International Biometric Society.

Uncovering a Latent Multinomial: Analysis of Mark-Recapture Data with Misidentification

USGS Publications Warehouse

Link, W.A.; Yoshizaki, J.; Bailey, L.L.; Pollock, K.H.

2009-01-01

Natural tags based on DNA fingerprints or natural features of animals are now becoming very widely used in wildlife population biology. However, classic capture-recapture models do not allow for misidentification of animals which is a potentially very serious problem with natural tags. Statistical analysis of misidentification processes is extremely difficult using traditional likelihood methods but is easily handled using Bayesian methods. We present a general framework for Bayesian analysis of categorical data arising from a latent multinomial distribution. Although our work is motivated by a specific model for misidentification in closed population capture-recapture analyses, with crucial assumptions which may not always be appropriate, the methods we develop extend naturally to a variety of other models with similar structure. Suppose that observed frequencies f are a known linear transformation f=A'x of a latent multinomial variable x with cell probability vector pi= pi(theta). Given that full conditional distributions [theta | x] can be sampled, implementation of Gibbs sampling requires only that we can sample from the full conditional distribution [x | f, theta], which is made possible by knowledge of the null space of A'. We illustrate the approach using two data sets with individual misidentification, one simulated, the other summarizing recapture data for salamanders based on natural marks.

Superposition-model analysis of rare-earth doped BaY2F8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Magnani, N.; Amoretti, G.; Baraldi, A.; Capelletti, R.

The energy level schemes of four rare-earth dopants (Ce3+ , Nd3+ , Dy3+ , and Er3+) in BaY2 F-8 , as determined by optical absorption spectra, were fitted with a single-ion Hamiltonian and analysed within Newman's Superposition Model for the crystal field. A unified picture for the four dopants was obtained, by assuming a distortion of the F- ligand cage around the RE site; within the framework of the Superposition Model, this distortion is found to have a marked anisotropic behaviour for heavy rare earths, while it turns into an isotropic expansion of the nearest-neighbours polyhedron for light rare earths. It is also inferred that the substituting ion may occupy an off-center position with respect to the original Y3+ site in the crystal.

75 FR 3252 - Ford Motor Company, Dearborn Truck Plant, Dearborn, MI; Notice of Negative Determination on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-20

... hand, the like articles are specifically Ford F Series pickups and Lincoln Mark LT sports-utility... Series pickups and Lincoln Mark LR sports-utility pickups and there was no shift/acquisition of production of Ford F Series pickups and Lincoln Mark LR sports-utility pickups to/from a foreign country. The...

Development and Initial Validation of Public Domain Basic Interest Markers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liao, Hsin-Ya; Armstrong, Patrick Ian; Rounds, James

2008-01-01

Goldberg (Goldberg, L. R. (1999). "A broad-bandwidth, public-domain, personality inventory measuring the lower-level facets of several five-factor models." In: I. Mervielde, I. Deary, F. De Fruyt, & F. Ostendorf (Eds.), "Personality psychology in Europe" (Vol. 7, pp. 7-28). Tilburg, The Netherlands: Tilburg University…

Simulating Population Dynamics in an Ecosystem Context Using Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian Hybrid Models (CEL HYBRID Models)

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-04-01

natural systems (King 1993). Population modelers have used certain difference equations, sometimes called the Lotka - Volterra system of equations...environment 28 Step 5 - Simulate the hydraulic and/or water quality field 29 Step 6 - Generate biota response data for decision support 29 Step 7...Quality and Contaminant Modeling Branch (WQCMB), and Mr. R. Andrew Goodwin, contract student, WQCMB, under the general supervision of Dr. Mark S. Dortch

ACUTE-TO-CHRONIC ESTIMATION (ACE V 2.0) WITH TIME-CONCENTRATION-EFFECT MODELS: USER MANUAL AND SOFTWARE

EPA Science Inventory

Ellersieck, Mark R., Amha Asfaw, Foster L. Mayer, Gary F. Krause, Kai Sun and Gunhee Lee. 2003. Acute-to-Chronic Estimation (ACE v2.0) with Time-Concentration-Effect Models: User Manual and Software. EPA/600/R-03/107. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Health and Envi...

The distal portion of the short arm of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) chromosome 5D controls endosperm vitreosity and grain hardness.

PubMed

Morris, Craig F; Beecher, Brian S

2012-07-01

Kernel vitreosity is an important trait of wheat grain, but its developmental control is not completely known. We developed back-cross seven (BC(7)) near-isogenic lines in the soft white spring wheat cultivar Alpowa that lack the distal portion of chromosome 5D short arm. From the final back-cross, 46 BC(7)F(2) plants were isolated. These plants exhibited a complete and perfect association between kernel vitreosity (i.e. vitreous, non-vitreous or mixed) and Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) hardness. Observed segregation of 10:28:7 fit a 1:2:1 Chi-square. BC(7)F(2) plants classified as heterozygous for both SKCS hardness and kernel vitreosity (n = 29) were selected and a single vitreous and non-vitreous kernel were selected, and grown to maturity and subjected to SKCS analysis. The resultant phenotypic ratios were, from non-vitreous kernels, 23:6:0, and from vitreous kernels, 0:1:28, soft:heterozygous:hard, respectively. Three of these BC(7)F(2) heterozygous plants were selected and 40 kernels each drawn at random, grown to maturity and subjected to SKCS analysis. Phenotypic segregation ratios were 7:27:6, 11:20:9, and 3:28:9, soft:heterozygous:hard. Chi-square analysis supported a 1:2:1 segregation for one plant but not the other two, in which cases the two homozygous classes were under-represented. Twenty-two paired BC(7)F(2):F(3) full sibs were compared for kernel hardness, weight, size, density and protein content. SKCS hardness index differed markedly, 29.4 for the lines with a complete 5DS, and 88.6 for the lines possessing the deletion. The soft non-vitreous kernels were on average significantly heavier, by nearly 20%, and were slightly larger. Density and protein contents were similar, however. The results provide strong genetic evidence that gene(s) on distal 5DS control not only kernel hardness but also the manner in which the endosperm develops, viz. whether it is vitreous or non-vitreous.

Single residue AAV capsid mutation improves transduction of photoreceptors in the Abca4-/- mouse and bipolar cells in the rd1 mouse and human retina ex vivo.

PubMed

De Silva, Samantha R; Charbel Issa, Peter; Singh, Mandeep S; Lipinski, Daniel M; Barnea-Cramer, Alona O; Walker, Nathan J; Barnard, Alun R; Hankins, Mark W; MacLaren, Robert E

2016-11-01

Gene therapy using adeno-associated viral (AAV) vectors for the treatment of retinal degenerations has shown safety and efficacy in clinical trials. However, very high levels of vector expression may be necessary for the treatment of conditions such as Stargardt disease where a dual vector approach is potentially needed, or in optogenetic strategies for end-stage degeneration in order to achieve maximal light sensitivity. In this study, we assessed two vectors with single capsid mutations, rAAV2/2(Y444F) and rAAV2/8(Y733F) in their ability to transduce retina in the Abca4 -/- and rd1 mouse models of retinal degeneration. We noted significantly increased photoreceptor transduction using rAAV2/8(Y733F) in the Abca4 -/- mouse, in contrast to previous work where vectors tested in this model have shown low levels of photoreceptor transduction. Bipolar cell transduction was achieved following subretinal delivery of both vectors in the rd1 mouse, and via intravitreal delivery of rAAV2/2(Y444F). The successful use of rAAV2/8(Y733F) to target bipolar cells was further validated on human tissue using an ex vivo culture system of retinal explants. Capsid mutant AAV vectors transduce human retinal cells and may be particularly suited to treat retinal degenerations in which high levels of transgene expression are required.

High-water marks from tropical storm Irene for selected river reaches in northwestern Massachusetts, August 2011

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bent, Gardner C.; Medalie, Laura; Nielsen, Martha G.

2013-01-01

A Presidential Disaster Declaration was issued for Massachusetts, with a focus on the northwestern counties, following flooding from tropical storm Irene on August 28–29, 2011. Three to 10 inches of rain fell during the storm on soils that were susceptible to flash flooding because of wet antecedent conditions. The gage height at one U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgage rose nearly 20 feet in less than 4 hours because of the combination of saturated soils and intense rainfall. Eight of 16 USGS long-term streamgages in western Massachusetts set new peaks of record on August 28 or 29, 2011. To document the historic water levels of the streamflows from tropical storm Irene, the USGS identified, flagged, and surveyed 323 high-water marks in the Deerfield and Hudson- Hoosic River basins in northwestern Massachusetts. Areas targeted for high-water marks were generally upstream and downstream from structures along selected river reaches. Elevations from high-water marks can be used to confirm peak river stages or help compute peak streamflows, to calibrate hydraulic models, or to update flood-inundation and recovery maps. For areas in western Massachusetts that flooded as a result of tropical storm Irene, high-water marks surveyed for this study have helped to confirm or determine instantaneous peak river gage heights at several USGS streamgages.

Acute effects of ingesting Java Fittrade mark energy extreme functional coffee on resting energy expenditure and hemodynamic responses in male and female coffee drinkers.

PubMed

Taylor, Lemuel W; Wilborn, Colin D; Harvey, Travis; Wismann, Jennifer; Willoughby, Darryn S

2007-10-05

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a functional coffee beverage containing additional caffeine, green tea extracts, niacin and garcinia cambogia to regular coffee to determine the effects on resting energy expenditure (REE) and hemodynamic variables. Subjects included five male (26 +/- 2.1 y, 97.16 +/- 10.05 kg, 183.89 +/- 6.60 cm) and five female (28.8 +/- 5.3 y, 142.2 +/- 12.6 lbs) regular coffee drinkers. Subjects fasted for 10 hours and were assessed for 1 hour prior (PRE) and 3 hours following 1.5 cups of coffee ingestion [JavaFittrade mark Energy Extreme (JF) ~400 mg total caffeine; Folgers (F) ~200 mg total caffeine] in a double-blind, crossover design. REE, resting heart rate (RHR), and systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure was assessed at PRE and 1, 2, and 3-hours post coffee ingestion. Data were analyzed by three-factor repeated measures ANOVA (p < 0.05). JF trial resulted in a significant main effect for REE (p < 0.01), SBP (p < 0.01), RER (p < 0.01), and VO2 (p < 0.01) compared to F, with no difference between trials on the RHR and DBP variables. A significant interaction for trial and time point (p < 0.05) was observed for the variable REE. The JF trial resulted in a significant overall mean increase in REE of 14.4% (males = 12.1%, females = 17.9%) over the observation period (p < 0.05), while the F trial produced an overall decrease in REE of 5.7%. SBP was significantly higher in the JF trial; however, there was no significant increase from PRE to 3-hours post. Results from this study suggest that JavaFittrade mark Energy Extreme coffee is more effective than Folgers regular caffeinated coffee at increasing REE in regular coffee drinkers for up to 3 hours following ingestion without any adverse hemodynamic effects.

Inhibition of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function by Legionella pneumophila exoproducts.

PubMed

Sahney, N N; Lambe, B C; Summersgill, J T; Miller, R D

1990-08-01

Total exoproducts (relative molecular mass greater than 10,000) from wild-type strains of Legionella pneumophila markedly inhibited human polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) superoxide anion generation, at sub-lethal concentrations, in response to four stimuli [1.7, 0, 0.6 and 3.4% of control for zymosan activated particles (ZAP), phorbol myristate acetate (PMA), calcium ionophore (A 23187), and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP), respectively]. PMN chemotaxis towards fMLP and spontaneous migration, were also dramatically inhibited (2.8 and 2.9% of buffer-treated controls, respectively). In contrast, total exoproducts from the cas-1 strain of L. pneumophila, a protease-deficient mutant generated by ethyl methane sulfonate mutagenesis, failed to inhibit PMN superoxide production in response to ZAP and PMA and only partially inhibited PMN response to A 23187 and fMLP. PMN spontaneous migration was unaffected by treatment with total exoproducts from the mutant, while directed chemotaxis was partially inhibited (51.4%). These data demonstrated that L. pneumophila total exoproducts, primarily protease had significant inhibitory effects on normal PMN function and may play an important contributory role in the pathogenesis of legionnaire's disease.

Age-related increases in F344 rat intestine microsomal quercetin glucuronidation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The objective of this study was to establish the extent age modifies intestinal quercetin glucuronidation capacity. Pooled microsomal fractions of three equidistant small intestine (SI) segments from 4, 12, 18, and 28 mo male F344 rats (n=8/group) were employed to model the enzyme kinetics of UDP-gl...

Autonomic regulation in fetuses with Congenital Heart Disease

PubMed Central

Siddiqui, Saira; Wilpers, Abigail; Myers, Michael; Nugent, J. David; Fifer, William P.; Williams, Ismée A.

2015-01-01

Background Exposure to antenatal stressors affects autonomic regulation in fetuses. Whether the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD) alters the developmental trajectory of autonomic regulation is not known. Aims/Study Design This prospective observational cohort study aimed to further characterize autonomic regulation in fetuses with CHD; specifically hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Subjects From 11/2010 – 11/2012, 92 fetuses were enrolled: 41 controls and 51 with CHD consisting of 19 with HLHS, 12 with TGA, and 20 with TOF. Maternal abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were obtained at 3 gestational ages: 19-27 weeks (F1), 28-33 weeks (F2), and 34-38 weeks (F3). Outcome measures Fetal ECG was analyzed for mean heart rate along with 3 measures of autonomic variability of the fetal heart rate: interquartile range, standard deviation, and root mean square of the standard deviation of the heart rate (RMSSD), a measure of parasympathetic activity. Results During F1 and F2 periods, HLHS fetuses demonstrated significantly lower mean HR than controls (p<0.05). Heart rate variability at F3, as measured by standard deviation, interquartile range, and RMSSD was lower in HLHS than controls (p<0.05). Other CHD subgroups showed a similar, though non-significant trend towards lower variability. Conclusions Autonomic regulation in CHD fetuses differs from controls with HLHS fetuses most markedly affected. PMID:25662702

Autonomic regulation in fetuses with congenital heart disease.

PubMed

Siddiqui, Saira; Wilpers, Abigail; Myers, Michael; Nugent, J David; Fifer, William P; Williams, Ismée A

2015-03-01

Exposure to antenatal stressors affects autonomic regulation in fetuses. Whether the presence of congenital heart disease (CHD) alters the developmental trajectory of autonomic regulation is not known. This prospective observational cohort study aimed to further characterize autonomic regulation in fetuses with CHD; specifically hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS), transposition of the great arteries (TGA), and tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). From 11/2010 to 11/2012, 92 fetuses were enrolled: 41 controls and 51 with CHD consisting of 19 with HLHS, 12 with TGA, and 20 with TOF. Maternal abdominal fetal electrocardiogram (ECG) recordings were obtained at 3 gestational ages: 19-27 weeks (F1), 28-33 weeks (F2), and 34-38 weeks (F3). Fetal ECG was analyzed for mean heart rate along with 3 measures of autonomic variability of the fetal heart rate: interquartile range, standard deviation, and root mean square of the standard deviation of the heart rate (RMSSD), a measure of parasympathetic activity. During F1 and F2 periods, HLHS fetuses demonstrated significantly lower mean HR than controls (p<0.05). Heart rate variability at F3, as measured by standard deviation, interquartile range, and RMSSD was lower in HLHS than controls (p<0.05). Other CHD subgroups showed a similar, though non-significant trend towards lower variability. Autonomic regulation in CHD fetuses differs from controls, with HLHS fetuses most markedly affected. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Onabotulinumtoxin A Treatment of Drooling in Children with Cerebral Palsy: A Prospective, Longitudinal Open-Label Study

PubMed Central

Møller, Eigild; Pedersen, Søren Anker; Vinicoff, Pablo Gustavo; Bardow, Allan; Lykkeaa, Joan; Svendsen, Pia; Bakke, Merete

2015-01-01

The aim of this prospective open-label study was to treat disabling drooling in children with cerebral palsy (CP) with onabotulinumtoxin A (A/Ona, Botox®) into submandibular and parotid glands and find the lowest effective dosage and least invasive method. A/Ona was injected in 14 children, Mean age 9 years, SD 3 years, under ultrasonic guidance in six successive Series, with at least six months between injections. Doses and gland involvement increased from Series A to F (units (U) per submandibular/parotid gland: A, 10/0; B, 15/0; C, 20/0; D, 20/20; E, 30/20; and F, 30/30). The effect was assessed 2, 4, 8, 12, and 20 weeks after A/Ona (drooling problems (VAS), impact (0–7), treatment effect (0–5), unstimulated whole saliva (UWS) flow and composition)) and analyzed by two-way ANOVA. The effect was unchanged–moderate in A to moderate–marked in F. Changes in all parameters were significant in E and F, but with swallowing problems ≤5 weeks in 3 of 28 treatments. F had largest VAS and UWS reduction (64% and 49%). We recommend: Start with dose D A/Ona (both submandibular and parotid glands and a total of 80 U) and increase to E and eventually F (total 120 U) without sufficient response. PMID:26134257

Beyond δ : Tailoring marked statistics to reveal modified gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valogiannis, Georgios; Bean, Rachel

2018-01-01

Models that seek to explain cosmic acceleration through modifications to general relativity (GR) evade stringent Solar System constraints through a restoring, screening mechanism. Down-weighting the high-density, screened regions in favor of the low density, unscreened ones offers the potential to enhance the amount of information carried in such modified gravity models. In this work, we assess the performance of a new "marked" transformation and perform a systematic comparison with the clipping and logarithmic transformations, in the context of Λ CDM and the symmetron and f (R ) modified gravity models. Performance is measured in terms of the fractional boost in the Fisher information and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for these models relative to the statistics derived from the standard density distribution. We find that all three statistics provide improved Fisher boosts over the basic density statistics. The model parameters for the marked and clipped transformation that best enhance signals and the Fisher boosts are determined. We also show that the mark is useful both as a Fourier and real-space transformation; a marked correlation function also enhances the SNR relative to the standard correlation function, and can on mildly nonlinear scales show a significant difference between the Λ CDM and the modified gravity models. Our results demonstrate how a series of simple analytical transformations could dramatically increase the predicted information extracted on deviations from GR, from large-scale surveys, and give the prospect for a much more feasible potential detection.

Relation between occupancy and abundance for a territorial species, the California spotted owl.

PubMed

Tempel, Douglas J; Gutiérrez, R J

2013-10-01

Land and resource managers often use detection-nondetection surveys to monitor the populations of species that may be affected by factors such as habitat alteration, climate change, and biological invasions. Relative to mark-recapture studies, using detection-nondetection surveys is more cost-effective, and recent advances in statistical analyses allow the incorporation of detection probability, covariates, and multiple seasons. We examined the efficacy of using detection-nondetection data (relative to mark-recapture data) for monitoring population trends of a territorial species, the California Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis). We estimated and compared the finite annual rates of population change (λt ) and the resulting realized population change (Δt ) from both occupancy and mark-recapture data collected over 18 years (1993-2010). We used multiseason, robust-design occupancy models to estimate that territory occupancy declined during our study (Δt = 0.702, 95% CI 0.552-0.852) due to increasing territory extinction rates (ε(1993) = 0.019 [SE 0.012]; ε(2009) = 0.134 [SE 0.043]) and decreasing colonization rates (γ(1993) = 0.323 [SE 0.124]; γ(2009) = 0.242 [SE 0.058]). We used Pradel's temporal-symmetry model for mark-recapture data to estimate that the population trajectory closely matched the trends in territory occupancy (Δt = 0.725, 95% CI 0.445-1.004). Individual survival was constant during our study (φ(1993) = 0.816 [SE 0.020]; φ(2009) = 0.815 [SE 0.019]), whereas recruitment declined slightly (f(1993) = 0.195 [SE 0.032]; f(2009) = 0.160 [SE 0.023]). Thus, we concluded that detection-nondetection data can provide reliable inferences on population trends, especially when funds preclude more intensive mark-recapture studies. © 2013 Society for Conservation Biology.

Treatment of patients with cardiovascular disease with L-4F, an apo-A1 mimetic, did not improve select biomarkers of HDL function[S

PubMed Central

Watson, Catherine E.; Weissbach, Nicole; Kjems, Lise; Ayalasomayajula, Surya; Zhang, Yiming; Chang, Ih; Navab, Mohamad; Hama, Susan; Hough, Greg; Reddy, Srinivasa T.; Soffer, Daniel; Rader, Daniel J.; Fogelman, Alan M.; Schecter, Alison

2011-01-01

L-4F, an apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) mimetic peptide (also known as APL180), was administered daily by either intravenous (IV) infusion for 7 days or by subcutaneous (SC) injection for 28 days in patients with coronary heart disease in two distinct clinical studies. L-4F was well tolerated at all doses tested. Despite achieving plasma levels (mean maximal plasma concentration of 2,907 ng/ml and 395 ng/ml, following IV infusion and SC injection, respectively), that were effective in previously published animal models, treatment with L-4F, as assessed by biomarkers of HDL function such as HDL-inflammatory index (HII), and paraoxonase activity, did not improve. Paradoxically, there was a 49% increase in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels after seven IV infusions of 30 mg L-4F (P < 0.05; compared with placebo) and a trend for hs-CRP increase in subjects receiving 30 mg SC injection for 28 days. In a subsequent, ex vivo study, addition of L-4F at concentrations of 150, 375, or 1,000 ng/ml to plasma from subjects prior to L-4F treatment resulted in significant dose-dependent HII improvement. In conclusion, in vivo L-4F treatment, delivered by either SC injection or IV infusion, did not improve HDL functional biomarkers despite achieving plasma levels that improved identical biomarkers ex vivo and in animal models. PMID:21068008

Ionospheric Storm Effects at Subauroral Latitudes: A Case Study

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

Island: Z70 m/s) are consistent with corresponding model predictions [e.g., Testud et al., 1975: Richmond and Marsushitl, 1975]. Note that while...Atmos. Terr. Phys., 44. 161-171. 1982. in the morning sector. There it is marked by an anomalously Alcayde. D.. J. Testud . G. Vasseur. and P. Wadteufel...34-pile up" F-region trough. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys.. 33. 647-656. 1973. in the F-region. J. Atmos. Terr. Phys., 36, 70 -706. 1974. Testud . J.. P. Amayenc

46 CFR 28.135 - Lifesaving equipment markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL... Resolution A.658(16). (d) A wearable personal flotation device must be marked with the name of either the... Equipment Markings Item Markings Required Name of vessel Retroflective material Wearable personal flotation...

46 CFR 28.135 - Lifesaving equipment markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY UNINSPECTED VESSELS REQUIREMENTS FOR COMMERCIAL... Resolution A.658(16). (d) A wearable personal flotation device must be marked with the name of either the... Equipment Markings Item Markings Required Name of vessel Retroflective material Wearable personal flotation...

Coagulation activation by MC28 fibrosarcoma cells facilitates lung tumor formation.

PubMed

Amirkhosravi, M; Francis, J L

1995-01-01

Tumor cells interact with the hemostatic system in various ways and may thus influence malignant growth and spread. MC28 fibrosarcoma cells possess a potent procoagulant activity (PCA) and form lung tumors following intravenous injection. The aim of this work was to study the relationship between PCA, intravascular coagulation and lung seeding in the MC28 model. MC28 cells were injected into control, warfarinized and heparinized hooded Lister rats. Coagulation changes were monitored by thromboelastography (TEG) and Sonoclot analysis (SA), lung fibrin formation by light and electron microscopy, tumor seeding by macroscopic counting and tumor cell and platelet deposition in the lungs by radiolabelling. PCA was measured by chromogenic assay. MC28 PCA was characterized as a tissue factor-factor VIIa complex that probably arose during cell culture or disaggregation of solid tumors. Injection of tumor cells caused marked coagulopathy and was rapidly (within 30 min) followed by fibrin deposition in the lungs and accumulation of radiolabelled platelets. Heparin and warfarin significantly reduced lung seeding (p < 0.001) and reduced retention of radiolabelled tumor cells in the pulmonary circulation (p < 0.01). Inhibition of cellular PCA by prior treatment with concanavalin A markedly reduced intravascular coagulation and lung seeding. We conclude that MC28 cells cause intravascular coagulation as a direct result of their procoagulant activity. The data suggest that tumor cells form complexes with platelets and fibrin which are retained in the lungs long enough for extravasation and seeding to occur.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Critical Evaluation of Human Oral Bioavailability for Pharmaceutical Drugs by Using Various Cheminformatics Approaches

PubMed Central

Kim, Marlene; Sedykh, Alexander; Chakravarti, Suman K.; Saiakhov, Roustem D.; Zhu, Hao

2014-01-01

Purpose Oral bioavailability (%F) is a key factor that determines the fate of a new drug in clinical trials. Traditionally, %F is measured using costly and time -consuming experimental tests. Developing computational models to evaluate the %F of new drugs before they are synthesized would be beneficial in the drug discovery process. Methods We employed Combinatorial Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship approach to develop several computational %F models. We compiled a %F dataset of 995 drugs from public sources. After generating chemical descriptors for each compound, we used random forest, support vector machine, k nearest neighbor, and CASE Ultra to develop the relevant QSAR models. The resulting models were validated using five-fold cross-validation. Results The external predictivity of %F values was poor (R2=0.28, n=995, MAE=24), but was improved (R2=0.40, n=362, MAE=21) by filtering unreliable predictions that had a high probability of interacting with MDR1 and MRP2 transporters. Furthermore, classifying the compounds according to the %F values (%F<50% as “low”, %F≥50% as ‘high”) and developing category QSAR models resulted in an external accuracy of 76%. Conclusions In this study, we developed predictive %F QSAR models that could be used to evaluate new drug compounds, and integrating drug-transporter interactions data greatly benefits the resulting models. PMID:24306326

Analysis of thermal energy storage material with change-of-phase volumetric effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerslake, Thomas W.; Ibrahim, Mounir B.

1990-01-01

NASA's Space Station Freedom proposed hybrid power system includes photovoltaic arrays with nickel hydrogen batteries for energy storage and solar dynamic collectors driving Brayton heat engines with change-of-phase Thermal Energy Storage (TES) devices. A TES device is comprised of multiple metallic, annular canisters which contain a eutectic composition LiF-CaF2 Phase Change Material (PCM) that melts at 1040 K. A moderately sophisticated LiF-CaF2 PCM computer model is being developed in three stages considering 1-D, 2-D, and 3-D canister geometries, respectively. The 1-D model results indicate that the void has a marked effect on the phase change process due to PCM displacement and dynamic void heat transfer resistance. Equally influential are the effects of different boundary conditions and liquid PCM natural convection. For the second stage, successful numerical techniques used in the 1-D phase change model are extended to a 2-D (r,z) PCM containment canister model. A prototypical PCM containment canister is analyzed and the results are discussed.

Efficient synthesis of RITA and its analogues: derivation of analogues with improved antiproliferative activity via modulation of p53/miR-34a pathway.

PubMed

Lin, Jinshun; Jin, Xiuli; Bu, Yiwen; Cao, Deliang; Zhang, Nannan; Li, Shangfu; Sun, Qinsheng; Tan, Chunyan; Gao, Chunmei; Jiang, Yuyang

2012-12-28

A novel approach to synthesize RITA by practical palladium-catalyzed C-C bond-forming Suzuki reactions at room temperature was developed, which was used for deriving a series of substituted tricyclic α-heteroaryl (furan/thiophene) analogues of RITA under mild conditions. These novel analogues showed notable antiproliferative activity against cancer cell lines with wild-type p53 (i.e., HCT116, A549, MCF-7 and K562), but much less activity in HCT116/p53(-/-) cells. In particular, compound 1f demonstrated promising antiproliferative activity compared to RITA, with IC(50) = 28 nM in MCF-7 vs. 54 nM for RITA, and cancer cell selectivity. Compound 1f markedly activated p53 in HCT116 cells at 100 nM, triggering apoptosis. Importantly, we found that both RITA and compound 1f induced G(0)/G(1) cell cycle arrest by up-regulating miR-34a, which in turn down-regulated the expression of cell cycle-related proteins CDK4 and E2F1. In summary, this study reports an effective synthetic approach for RITA and its analogues, and elucidates a novel antiproliferative mechanism of these compounds.

76 FR 20493 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... INFORMATION: Discussion The European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which is the Technical Agent for the... are exposed to flammable conditions is one of these criteria. The other three criteria address the... ignition sources inside fuel tanks, which, in combination with flammable fuel vapors, could result in fuel...

75 FR 35624 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 500 and 600 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... member. Investigation learned that there was no lockwiring present on the two lockbolts, which hold the... links to move into an overcentre position against the MLG sliding member. Investigation learned that... MLG units. For the reasons described above, this AD requires repetitive [general visual] inspections...

Paradigms for Tropical-Cyclone Intensification

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

Hurricane Opal (1995) using the Geo- physical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory hurricane prediction model, Möller and Shapiro (2002) found unbalanced flow...al. (2008) calculations on an f -plane, described in section 6.1. A specific aim was to deter- mine the separate contributions of diabatic heating and... Opal as diagnosed from a GFDL model forecast. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1866-1881. Marks FD Shay LK. 1998: Landfalling tropical cyclones: Forecast

Thickness and marking quality of different occlusal contact registration strips

PubMed Central

TOLEDO, Maria Fernanda de Souza Mauá Serapião; JÓIAS, Renata Pilli; MARQUES-IASI, Yves Santini; NEVES, Ana Christina Claro; RODE, Sigmar de Mello

2014-01-01

Objectives Evaluate the thickness and the marking quality of different occlusal contact registration strips (OCRS) and a possible correlation between them. Material and Methods The following OCRS were selected: Accufilm II, BK20, BK21, BK22, BK23, BK28, and BK31. The thickness was measured in three points of the OCRS with an electronic measuring device (TESA), and the mean was calculated. To produce the marks on the strips, composite resin specimens were adapted to a universal testing machine (Versat 2000) with 40 kgf load cell at a speed of 1.0 mm/min. The mark images were photographed with a stereoscopic microscope (Stemi SV11) and processed and analyzed by the 550-Leica Qwin® analyzer. Results Values (μm) found in the 1st and 2nd thickness measurements were: Accufilm II - 16.4 and 14.2; BK20 - 10.0 and 8.1; BK21 - 9.5 and 8.0; BK22 - 9.7 and 8.7; BK23 - 9.8 and 7.9; BK28 - 12.8 and 10.0; and BK31 - 8.4 and 8.0, respectively. The mean (mm2) values found in the mark areas were: Accufilm II - 0.078; BK20 - 0.035; BK21 - 0.045; BK22 - 0.012; BK23 - 0.022; BK28 - 0.024; and BK31 - 0.024. The results were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis (p<0.05) and Pearson’s correlation tests. Conclusions Only in the 2nd measurement, the OCRS thickness observed was similar to the value indicated by the manufacturers; the Accufilm II and the BK28 strips showed the better marks; and no correlation was found between the thickness and the marking area. PMID:25591020

Manpower Modeling in the Airborne Community of the United States Army.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

Inventories for CMIF 51 . . . 103 27. Authorizations and Inventories for CMF 54 . . . 104 28. Authorizations and Inventories for CMF 55 . 105 29...81 ........ 144 C.24 Transition Matrix for CMF 84 ......... 145 10 .. - C.25 Transition Matrix for CMiF 91 .... 145 C. 26 Transition matrix for CNF...150 C. 30 Transition Matrix for CM1F 97 ....... . 151 C. 31 Transition Matrix for CMiF 98 .. . .152 I. I._IRODUCTION In the last two decades, with the

McDonnell F4H Model in Ames 40X80 foot Wind Tunnel.

NASA Image and Video Library

1956-10-19

Application of blowing type boundry-layer control to the leading and trailing edge flaps of a 52 deg swept wing. 3/4 view of Aspect Ratio 2.8, taper ratio .17, 45 deg swept back wing model -3/4 front view

Brain transplantation of immortalized human neural stem cells promotes functional recovery in mouse intracerebral hemorrhage stroke model.

PubMed

Lee, Hong J; Kim, Kwang S; Kim, Eun J; Choi, Hyun B; Lee, Kwang H; Park, In H; Ko, Yong; Jeong, Sang W; Kim, Seung U

2007-05-01

We have generated stable, immortalized cell lines of human NSCs from primary human fetal telencephalon cultures via a retroviral vector encoding v-myc. HB1.F3, one of the human NSC lines, expresses a normal human karyotype of 46, XX, and nestin, a cell type-specific marker for NSCs. F3 has the ability to proliferate continuously and differentiate into cells of neuronal and glial lineage. The HB1.F3 human NSC line was used for cell therapy in a mouse model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) stroke. Experimental ICH was induced in adult mice by intrastriatal administration of bacterial collagenase; 1 week after surgery, the rats were randomly divided into two groups so as to receive intracerebrally either human NSCs labeled with beta-galactosidase (n = 31) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (n = 30). Transplanted NSCs were detected by 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-d-galactoside histochemistry or double labeling with beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) and mitogen-activated protein (MAP)2, neurofilaments (both for neurons), or glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) (for astrocytes). Behavior of the animals was evaluated for period up to 8 weeks using modified Rotarod tests and a limb placing test. Transplanted human NSCs were identified in the perihematomal areas and differentiated into neurons (beta-gal/MAP2(+) and beta-gal/NF(+)) or astrocytes (beta-gal/GFAP(+)). The NSC-transplanted group showed markedly improved functional performance on the Rotarod test and limb placing after 2-8 weeks compared with the control PBS group (p < .001). These results indicate that the stable immortalized human NSCs are a valuable source of cells for cell replacement and gene transfer for the treatment of ICH and other human neurological disorders. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest is found at the end of this article.

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

46 CFR 167.55-1 - Draft marks and draft indicating systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 167.55-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) NAUTICAL SCHOOLS PUBLIC NAUTICAL SCHOOL SHIPS Special Markings Required § 167.55-1 Draft marks and draft indicating systems. (a... are of uniform height equal to the vertical spacing between consecutive marks. (f) Draft marks must be...

Correlating Personal Information Between DoD411, LinkedIn, Facebook, and MySpace with Uncommon Names

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

companies [8]. Facebook, founded by Mark Zuckerberg in February 2004, began as an exclusive site allowing only participants with a Harvard.edu email... Mark Zuckerberg said that Facebook is getting rid of the policy preventing developers from caching or storing users’ personal data for more than 24...April 19, 2010. [14] Mark Zuckerberg and Brett Taylor. F8 conference keynote speech. Facebook F8 Confer- ence, April 2010. http://apps.facebook.com

29 CFR 1910.111 - Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... in paragraphs (c), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be constructed and tested in accordance...), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be marked as specified in the following: (a) With a notation...: Container and system nameplate. Above ground: Container. (h) With marking indicating the maximum level to...

29 CFR 1910.111 - Storage and handling of anhydrous ammonia.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... in paragraphs (c), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be constructed and tested in accordance...), (f), (g), and (h) of this section shall be marked as specified in the following: (a) With a notation...: Container and system nameplate. Above ground: Container. (h) With marking indicating the maximum level to...

F-15B Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Aeroservoelastic Flight-Test Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kukreja, Sunil L.

2007-01-01

System identification is utilized in the aerospace community for development of simulation models for robust control law design. These models are often described as linear, time-invariant processes and assumed to be uniform throughout the flight envelope. Nevertheless, it is well known that the underlying process is inherently nonlinear. Over the past several decades the controls and biomedical communities have made great advances in developing tools for the identification of nonlin ear systems. In this report, we show the application of one such nonlinear system identification technique, structure detection, for the an alysis of Quiet Spike(TradeMark)(Gulfstream Aerospace Corporation, Savannah, Georgia) aeroservoelastic flight-test data. Structure detectio n is concerned with the selection of a subset of candidate terms that best describe the observed output. Structure computation as a tool fo r black-box modeling may be of critical importance for the development of robust, parsimonious models for the flight-test community. The ob jectives of this study are to demonstrate via analysis of Quiet Spike(TradeMark) aeroservoelastic flight-test data for several flight conditions that: linear models are inefficient for modelling aeroservoelast ic data, nonlinear identification provides a parsimonious model description whilst providing a high percent fit for cross-validated data an d the model structure and parameters vary as the flight condition is altered.

26 CFR 1.6042-2T - Returns of information as to dividends paid (temporary).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 13 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Returns of information as to dividends paid... in § 1.6049-4(f)(10) or (14), respectively), or reporting Model 1 FFI (as defined in § 1.6049-4(f)(13..., 2014. (g) Expiration date. The applicability of this section expires on February 28, 2017. [T.D. 9658...

Neutron unbound states in 28 Ne and 25 F

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, J. K.; Baumann, T.; Brown, B. A.

2012-11-01

Unbound states in Ne-28 and F-25 were populated in the reaction of a 102 MeV/nucleon Na-29 beam on a beryllium target. The measured decay energy of 32(22) keV in the Ne-27+n system corresponds to an unbound excited state in Ne-28 at 3.86(11) MeV. This is the first measured unbound state of Ne-28. The decay energy of the F-24+n system was measured as 300(170) keV. This places the second measured unbound state of F-25 at 4.66(17) MeV.

Anomalous Ionospheric signatures observed at low-mid latitude Indian station Delhi prior to earthquake events during the year 2015 to early 2016.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Upadhayaya, A. K.; Gupta, S.; Kotnala, R. K.

2017-12-01

Five major earthquake events measuring greater than six on Richter scale (M>6) that occurred during the year 2015 to early 2016, affecting Indian region ionosphere, are analyzed using F2 layer critical parameters (foF2, hmF2) obtained using Digisonde from a low-mid latitude Indian station, Delhi (28.6°N, 77.2°E, 19.2°N Geomagnetic latitude, 42.4°N Dip). Normal day-to-day variability occurring in ionosphere is segregated by calculating F2 layer critical frequency and peak height variations (ΔfoF2, ΔhmF2) from the normal quiet time behavior. We find that the ionospheric F2 region across Delhi by and large shows some significant perturbations 3-4 days prior to these earthquake events, resulting in a large peak electron density variation of 200%. These observed perturbations indicate towards a possibility of seismo-ionospheric coupling as the solar and geomagnetic indices were normally quiet and stable during the period of these events. It was also observed that the precursory effect of earthquake was predominantly seen even outside the earthquake preparation zone, as given by Dobrovolsky et al. [1979]. The thermosphere neutral composition (O/N2) as observed by GUVI [Christensen et al., 2003], across Delhi, during these earthquake events does not show any marked variation. Further, the effect of earthquake events on ionospheric peak electron density is compared to the lower atmosphere meteorological phenomenon of 2015 Sudden Stratospheric Warming event and are found to be comparable.

Mapping quantitative trait loci for fear-like behaviors in mice.

PubMed

Gershenfeld, H K; Paul, S M

1997-11-15

Two mouse models developed for screening anxiolytic drugs were selected for genetic analysis, namely "wall-seeking" tendency in an open field ("thigmotaxis") and the light-to-dark transition (LD) paradigm, a conflict test. These tests measure differences in naturalistic tendencies of mice to explore a novel environment and to avoid a bright light or the center of an open field. In an F2 intercross of two strains of mice (A/J and C57BL/6J) that differ markedly in these behaviors, we estimated a broad sense heritability ranging from 0.3 to 0.59. With this intercross (n = 518), we have mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTL) for these behaviors by performing a genome-wide search. A significant QTL on chromosome 10 (near D10Mit237; LOD of 9.3) that affects LD behavior was identified, and suggestive QTL (LOD > 2.8) were mapped to chromosomes 6, 15, 19, and X. For center time behaviors, QTL were identified on chromosome 1 (LOD of 7.7 and 4.0 for the initial 5-min epoch and the first trial average of the next two 5-min epochs, respectively), and suggestive QTL (LOD > 2.8) were mapped to chromosomes 6 and 14. These QTL individually explain from 2.3 to 8.4% of the phenotypic variance. Collectively, the multiple independent QTL explain from 3.5 to 26.5% of the F2 population's phenotypic variance, depending on the trait. The complexity and heterogeneity of the genetic factors underlying these fear-like behaviors are illustrated by the lack of shared QTL between paradigms and by mapping different QTL for repeated trials of behavior. The identification of QTL affecting individual differences in fear-like behavior may lead to the identification of new gene products and pathways that modulate behavior, providing targets for rational drug design.

Mechanical properties of a new mica-based machinable glass ceramic for CAD/CAM restorations.

PubMed

Thompson, J Y; Bayne, S C; Heymann, H O

1996-12-01

Machinable ceramics (Vita Mark II and Dicor MGC) exhibit good short-term clinical performance, but long-term in vivo fracture resistance is still being monitored. The relatively low fracture toughness of currently available machinable ceramics restricts their use to conservative inlays and onlays. A new machinable glass ceramic (MGC-F) has been developed (Corning Inc.) with enhanced fluorescence and machinability. The purpose of this study was to characterize and compare key mechanical properties of MGC-F to Dicor MGC-Light, Dicor MGC-Dark, and Vita Mark II glass ceramics. The mean fracture toughness and indented biaxial flexure strength of MGC-F were each significantly greater (p < or = 0.01) than that of Dicor MGC-Light, Dicor MGC-Dark, and Vita Mark II ceramic materials. The results of this study indicate the potential for better in vivo fracture resistance of MGC-F compared with existing machinable ceramic materials for CAD/CAM restorations.

Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology. Cumulative Author Index. Volumes 28-32, Cumulative Subject Index. Volumes 28-32, Parts 1 and 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-12-01

Jr. 52-58, rusl 29.1345 Arctic ice model basin - design , construction, and operating experience Mathematical modelling of long-term non -stationary...crane KS-6362KhL designed for the North [1974, p.3-4, F11ppov, A.M. rusl 29-266 Experimental study of the dynamics of ice-jam formation in talwaters of... experimental data on glass fiber insulating materials and their France. filrej 32-4349de ~preenseltritie use for a reliable design of insulations at

Four Mediation Models of Teacher Expectancy Effects on Students' Outcomes in Mathematics and Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trusz, Slawomir

2018-01-01

The study tested 4 direct and 28 indirect teacher expectancy effects on students' results in the mathematics and literacy sections of the matriculation test, and their final marks in the 12th-grade mathematics and literacy class. The following were considered as mediators: student self-esteem, their self-expectancy, and time spent learning…

76 FR 20501 - Airworthiness Directives; Fokker Services B.V. Model F.27 Mark 050 Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-13

... regulations revealed that, if chafing occurs between the Fuel Quantity Probe (FQP) and the probe wiring, with..., if chafing occurs between the Fuel Quantity Probe (FQP) and the probe wiring, with additional factors... Quantity Probe (FQP) and the probe wiring, with additional factors, this may result in an ignition source...

Automatic marker for photographic film

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gabbard, N. M.; Surrency, W. M.

1974-01-01

Commercially-produced wire-marking machine is modified to title or mark film rolls automatically. Machine is used with film drive mechanism which is powered with variable-speed, 28-volt dc motor. Up to 40 frames per minute can be marked, reducing time and cost of process.

Hierarchial mark-recapture models: a framework for inference about demographic processes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Link, W.A.; Barker, R.J.

2004-01-01

The development of sophisticated mark-recapture models over the last four decades has provided fundamental tools for the study of wildlife populations, allowing reliable inference about population sizes and demographic rates based on clearly formulated models for the sampling processes. Mark-recapture models are now routinely described by large numbers of parameters. These large models provide the next challenge to wildlife modelers: the extraction of signal from noise in large collections of parameters. Pattern among parameters can be described by strong, deterministic relations (as in ultrastructural models) but is more flexibly and credibly modeled using weaker, stochastic relations. Trend in survival rates is not likely to be manifest by a sequence of values falling precisely on a given parametric curve; rather, if we could somehow know the true values, we might anticipate a regression relation between parameters and explanatory variables, in which true value equals signal plus noise. Hierarchical models provide a useful framework for inference about collections of related parameters. Instead of regarding parameters as fixed but unknown quantities, we regard them as realizations of stochastic processes governed by hyperparameters. Inference about demographic processes is based on investigation of these hyperparameters. We advocate the Bayesian paradigm as a natural, mathematically and scientifically sound basis for inference about hierarchical models. We describe analysis of capture-recapture data from an open population based on hierarchical extensions of the Cormack-Jolly-Seber model. In addition to recaptures of marked animals, we model first captures of animals and losses on capture, and are thus able to estimate survival probabilities w (i.e., the complement of death or permanent emigration) and per capita growth rates f (i.e., the sum of recruitment and immigration rates). Covariation in these rates, a feature of demographic interest, is explicitly described in the model.

Structure of neutron-rich nuclei around the N = 50 shell-gap closure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faul, T.; Duchêne, G.; Thomas, J.-C.; Nowacki, F.; Huyse, M.; Van Duppen, P.

2010-04-01

The structure of neutron-rich nuclei in the vicinity of 78Ni have been investigated via the β-decay of 71,73,75Cu isotopes (ISOLDE, CERN). Experimental results have been compared with shell-model calculations performed with the ANTOINE code using a large (2p3/21f5/22p1/21g9/2) valence space and a 56/28Ni28 core.

Lower Monoamine Oxidase-A Total Distribution Volume in Impulsive and Violent Male Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder and High Psychopathic Traits: An [11C] Harmine Positron Emission Tomography Study

PubMed Central

Kolla, Nathan J; Matthews, Brittany; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Michael Bagby, R; Links, Paul; Simpson, Alexander I; Hussain, Amina; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2015-01-01

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) often presents with highly impulsive, violent behavior, and pathological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum (VS) are implicated. Several compelling reasons support a relationship between low monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitters, and ASPD. These include MAO-A knockout models in rodents evidencing impulsive aggression and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of healthy subjects reporting associations between low brain MAO-A levels and greater impulsivity or aggression. However, a fundamental gap in the literature is that it is unknown whether brain MAO-A levels are low in more severe, clinical disorders of impulsivity, such as ASPD. To address this issue, we applied [11C] harmine PET to measure MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in 18 male ASPD participants and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. OFC and VS MAO-A VT were lower in ASPD compared with controls (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA): F2,33=6.8, P=0.003; OFC and VS MAO-A VT each lower by 19%). Similar effects were observed in other brain regions: prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain (MANOVA: F7,28=2.7, P=0.029). In ASPD, VS MAO-A VT was consistently negatively correlated with self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity (r=−0.50 to −0.52, all P-values<0.05). This study is the first to demonstrate lower brain MAO-A levels in ASPD. Our results support an important extension of preclinical models of impulsive aggression into a human disorder marked by pathological aggression and impulsivity. PMID:26081301

Lower Monoamine Oxidase-A Total Distribution Volume in Impulsive and Violent Male Offenders with Antisocial Personality Disorder and High Psychopathic Traits: An [(11)C] Harmine Positron Emission Tomography Study.

PubMed

Kolla, Nathan J; Matthews, Brittany; Wilson, Alan A; Houle, Sylvain; Bagby, R Michael; Links, Paul; Simpson, Alexander I; Hussain, Amina; Meyer, Jeffrey H

2015-10-01

Antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) often presents with highly impulsive, violent behavior, and pathological changes in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and ventral striatum (VS) are implicated. Several compelling reasons support a relationship between low monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A), an enzyme that regulates neurotransmitters, and ASPD. These include MAO-A knockout models in rodents evidencing impulsive aggression and positron emission tomography (PET) studies of healthy subjects reporting associations between low brain MAO-A levels and greater impulsivity or aggression. However, a fundamental gap in the literature is that it is unknown whether brain MAO-A levels are low in more severe, clinical disorders of impulsivity, such as ASPD. To address this issue, we applied [(11)C] harmine PET to measure MAO-A total distribution volume (MAO-A VT), an index of MAO-A density, in 18 male ASPD participants and 18 age- and sex-matched controls. OFC and VS MAO-A VT were lower in ASPD compared with controls (multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA): F2,33=6.8, P=0.003; OFC and VS MAO-A VT each lower by 19%). Similar effects were observed in other brain regions: prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, dorsal putamen, thalamus, hippocampus, and midbrain (MANOVA: F7,28=2.7, P=0.029). In ASPD, VS MAO-A VT was consistently negatively correlated with self-report and behavioral measures of impulsivity (r=-0.50 to -0.52, all P-values<0.05). This study is the first to demonstrate lower brain MAO-A levels in ASPD. Our results support an important extension of preclinical models of impulsive aggression into a human disorder marked by pathological aggression and impulsivity.

Plate impact experiments on the TATB based explosive PBX 9502 at pressures near the Chapman-Jouguet state

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gustavsen, R. L.; Aslam, T. D.; Bartram, B. D.; Hollowell, B. C.

2014-05-01

A series of two-stage gus-gun driven plate impact experiments on PBX 9502 (95 wt.% tri-amino-trinitro-benzene, 5 wt.% Kel-F800 plastic binder) was completed in the 28-34 GPa pressure range. This is just above the Chapman-Jouguet state of ≈ 28 GPa. The experiments consisted of a thick oxygen free high conductivity copper (OFHC Cu) flyer plate impacting a PBX 9502 sample backed by a Lithium Fluoride (LiF) window. Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) was used to measure velocity histories (wave profiles) at the PBX 9502/LiF interface. Shock transit times and sample thicknesses were converted to shock velocities, Us. Particle velocities, up, were calculated by way of impedance matching. Lastly, the measured wave profiles were compared with numerical simulations of the experiments using the Wescott-Stewart-Davis reactive-burn model.

Model and observation comparison of the universal time and IMF by dependence of the ionospheric polar hole

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sojka, J. J.; Schunk, R. W.; Hoegy, W. R.; Grebowsky, J. M.

1991-01-01

The polar ionospheric F-region often exhibits regions of marked density depletion. These depletions have been observed by a variety of polar orbiting ionospheric satellites over a full range of solar cycle, season, magnetic activity, and universal time (UT). An empirical model of these observations has recently been developed to describe the polar depletion dependence on these parameters. Specifically, the dependence has been defined as a function of F10.7 (solar), summer or winter, Kp (magnetic), and UT. Polar cap depletions have also been predicted /1, 2/ and are, hence, present in physical models of the high latitude ionosphere. Using the Utah State University Time Dependent Ionospheric Model (TDIM) the predicted polar depletion characteristics are compared with those described by the above empirical model. In addition, the TDIM is used to predict the IMF By dependence of the polar hole feature.

Establishing optimal quantitative-polymerase chain reaction assays for routine diagnosis and tracking of minimal residual disease in JAK2-V617F-associated myeloproliferative neoplasms: a joint European LeukemiaNet/MPN&MPNr-EuroNet (COST action BM0902) study.

PubMed

Jovanovic, J V; Ivey, A; Vannucchi, A M; Lippert, E; Oppliger Leibundgut, E; Cassinat, B; Pallisgaard, N; Maroc, N; Hermouet, S; Nickless, G; Guglielmelli, P; van der Reijden, B A; Jansen, J H; Alpermann, T; Schnittger, S; Bench, A; Tobal, K; Wilkins, B; Cuthill, K; McLornan, D; Yeoman, K; Akiki, S; Bryon, J; Jeffries, S; Jones, A; Percy, M J; Schwemmers, S; Gruender, A; Kelley, T W; Reading, S; Pancrazzi, A; McMullin, M F; Pahl, H L; Cross, N C P; Harrison, C N; Prchal, J T; Chomienne, C; Kiladjian, J J; Barbui, T; Grimwade, D

2013-10-01

Reliable detection of JAK2-V617F is critical for accurate diagnosis of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs); in addition, sensitive mutation-specific assays can be applied to monitor disease response. However, there has been no consistent approach to JAK2-V617F detection, with assays varying markedly in performance, affecting clinical utility. Therefore, we established a network of 12 laboratories from seven countries to systematically evaluate nine different DNA-based quantitative PCR (qPCR) assays, including those in widespread clinical use. Seven quality control rounds involving over 21,500 qPCR reactions were undertaken using centrally distributed cell line dilutions and plasmid controls. The two best-performing assays were tested on normal blood samples (n=100) to evaluate assay specificity, followed by analysis of serial samples from 28 patients transplanted for JAK2-V617F-positive disease. The most sensitive assay, which performed consistently across a range of qPCR platforms, predicted outcome following transplant, with the mutant allele detected a median of 22 weeks (range 6-85 weeks) before relapse. Four of seven patients achieved molecular remission following donor lymphocyte infusion, indicative of a graft vs MPN effect. This study has established a robust, reliable assay for sensitive JAK2-V617F detection, suitable for assessing response in clinical trials, predicting outcome and guiding management of patients undergoing allogeneic transplant.

Aerodynamic Characteristics of Three Deep-Step Planing-Tail Flying-Boat Hulls and a Transverse-Step Hull With Extended Afterbody

DTIC Science & Technology

1952-08-01

28 NACA TN 2762 ( a ) Langley tank model 221E. a = 2°. (b) Langley tank model 221G . a = 2°. ( c ) Langley tank model 221F. a = k<: Figure 13...coefficient based on maximum cross-sectional area A A of hull (Drag/qA) CDy drag coefficien"t based on surface area W of hull (Drag/qW) C lateral-force... 221G , and 221F were drawn by the Langley Hydrodynamics Division by increasing the step of hull 221B of reference 1 from a depth which was 23

An Investigation of Variable Time Interval K-like Geomagnetic Indices

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-16

ionosphere system. The index is widely used to drive empirical models of auroral particle precipitation, high-latitude convection patterns...81 35 Kp use in TDIM simulations 86 36 Fredericksburg magnetic disturbance for 28 July 1990 88 Xlll 37 The Heppner-Maynard convection patterns used...in our TDIM simulations 90 38 High-latitude electron density difference histograms for 0500 UT on 28 July 1990 95 39 High-latitude NmF2 percent

Index of Air Weather Service Technical Publications. Headquarters AWS and Subordinate Units.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-07-01

Area," by Capt L. F. Haker , 33p. "Forecasting in the Watson Lake Area," by Capt F. F. Hooper, 28p. 105-48 "Study of Blowing Dust in the 19th Weather...Area," by Capt L. F. Haker , 33p. "Forecasting in the Watson Lake Area," by Capt F. F. Hooper, 28p. "On the Origin and Climatology of Noctilucent

Lin28 sustains early renal progenitors and induces Wilms tumor

PubMed Central

Urbach, Achia; Yermalovich, Alena; Zhang, Jin; Spina, Catherine S.; Zhu, Hao; Perez-Atayde, Antonio R.; Shukrun, Rachel; Charlton, Jocelyn; Sebire, Neil; Mifsud, William; Dekel, Benjamin; Pritchard-Jones, Kathy; Daley, George Q.

2014-01-01

Wilms Tumor, the most common pediatric kidney cancer, evolves from the failure of terminal differentiation of the embryonic kidney. Here we show that overexpression of the heterochronic regulator Lin28 during kidney development in mice markedly expands nephrogenic progenitors by blocking their final wave of differentiation, ultimately resulting in a pathology highly reminiscent of Wilms tumor. Using lineage-specific promoters to target Lin28 to specific cell types, we observed Wilms tumor only when Lin28 is aberrantly expressed in multiple derivatives of the intermediate mesoderm, implicating the cell of origin as a multipotential renal progenitor. We show that withdrawal of Lin28 expression reverts tumorigenesis and markedly expands the numbers of glomerulus-like structures and that tumor formation is suppressed by enforced expression of Let-7 microRNA. Finally, we demonstrate overexpression of the LIN28B paralog in a significant percentage of human Wilms tumor. Our data thus implicate the Lin28/Let-7 pathway in kidney development and tumorigenesis. PMID:24732380

F14512, a polyamine-vectorized inhibitor of topoisomerase II, exhibits a marked anti-tumor activity in ovarian cancer.

PubMed

Thibault, Benoît; Clement, Emily; Zorza, Grégoire; Meignan, Samuel; Delord, Jean-Pierre; Couderc, Bettina; Bailly, Christian; Narducci, Fabrice; Vandenberghe, Isabelle; Kruczynski, Anna; Guilbaud, Nicolas; Ferré, Pierre; Annereau, Jean-Philippe

2016-01-01

Epithelial ovarian cancer is the fourth cause of death among cancer-bearing women and frequently associated with carboplatin resistance, underlining the need for more efficient and targeted therapies. F14512 is an epipodophylotoxin-core linked to a spermine chain which enters cells via the polyamine transport system (PTS). Here, we investigate this novel concept of vectorization in ovarian cancer. We compared the effects of etoposide and F14512 on a panel of five carboplatin-sensitive or resistant ovarian cancer models. We assessed the incorporation of F17073, a spermine-linked fluorescent probe, in these cells and in 18 clinical samples. We then showed that F14512 exhibits a high anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activity, particularly in cells with high levels of F17073 incorporation. Consistently, F14512 significantly inhibited tumor growth compared to etoposide, in a cisplatin-resistant A2780R subcutaneous model, at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg. In addition, ex vivo analysis indicated that 15 out of 18 patients presented a higher F17073 incorporation into tumor cells compared to normal cells. Overall, our data suggest that F14512, a targeted drug with a potent anti-tumor efficacy, constitutes a potential new therapy for highly PTS-positive and platinum-resistant ovarian cancer-bearing patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of boar ejaculate fraction, extender type and time of storage on quality of spermatozoa.

PubMed

Dziekońska, A; Świąder, K; Koziorowska-Gilun, M; Mietelska, K; Zasiadczyk, Ł; Kordan, W

2017-03-28

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect the sperm-rich fraction (F1) and the post-F1 fraction (F2) on the quality of boar spermatozoa stored in a liquid state. Ejaculates were collected from three Polish Landrace boars. Each ejaculate fraction was diluted with BTS short-term extender and Safe-Cell Plus (SCP) long-term extender and stored for seven days (D1-D7) at 17°C. Analyses included sperm motility parameters, normal apical ridge (NAR) acrosomes and plasma membrane integrity (PMI). Prior to the dilution of fractions, marked changes (p<0.05) were noted between F1 and F2 in progressive motility (PMOT), velocity average pathway (VAP) and velocity straight line (VCL). After the ejaculate was diluted, the type of fraction and type of extender significantly affected (p<0.05) PMOT, being markedly higher (p<0.05) for F1 extended in BTS. No marked changes (p<0.05) were observed between F1 and F2 extended in SCP for any of the analyzed sperm quality parameters during seven days of storage. Significantly higher (p<0.05) values of sperm quality parameters were noted in F1 compared with F2 for BTS on D7 of storage. The results of the four-way ANOVA analysis indicate that boar, fraction of ejaculate, extender type and day of storage had significant effects on the quality of boar stored spermatozoa. The F1 was characterised by higher quality of spermatozoa during storage in comparison with F2 in the short-term extender. Using the long-term extender containing the proteins allowed for a better application of F2, which could be important for the pig industry.

Stability and Controls Analysis and Flight Test Results of a 24-Foot Telescoping Nose Boom on an F-15B Airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moua, Cheng M.; Cox, Timothy H.; McWherter, Shaun C.

2008-01-01

The Quiet Spike(TradeMark) F-15B flight research program investigated supersonic shock reduction using a 24-ft telescoping nose boom on an F-15B airplane. The program goal was to collect flight data for model validation up to 1.8 Mach. In the area of stability and controls, the primary concerns were to assess the potential destabilizing effect of the oversized nose boom on the stability, controllability, and handling qualities of the airplane and to ensure adequate stability margins across the entire research flight envelope. This paper reports on the stability and control analytical methods, flight envelope clearance approach, and flight test results of the F-15B telescoping nose boom configuration. Also discussed are brief pilot commentary on typical piloting tasks and refueling tasks.

[Novel Anticancer Strategy Targeting Switch Mechanisms in Two Types of Cell Death: Necrosis and Apoptosis].

PubMed

Sato, Akira

2017-01-01

 Two types of cell death, necrosis and apoptosis, are defined in terms of cell death morphological features. We have been studying the mechanisms by which cell death processes are switched during the treatment of mouse tumor FM3A with anticancer, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (FUdR): it induces original clone F28-7 to necrosis, but its sub-clone F28-7-A to apoptosis. We identified several such switch regulators of cell death: heat shock protein 90 (HSP90), lamin-B1, cytokeratin-19, and activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), by using transcriptomic, proteomic analyses and siRNA screening. For example, the inhibition of HSP90 by its inhibitor geldanamycin in F28-7 caused a shift from necrosis to apoptosis. We also observed that the knockdown of lamin-B1, cytokeratin-19, or ATF3 expression in F28-7 resulted in a shift from necrosis to apoptosis. Recently, we used microRNA (miRNA, miR) microarray analyses to investigate the miRNA expression profiles in these sister cells. The miR-351 and miR-743a were expressed at higher levels in F28-7-A than in F28-7. Higher expression of miR-351 or miR-743a in F28-7, induced by transfecting the miR mimics, resulted in a switch of cell death mode: necrosis to apoptosis. Furthermore, transfection of an miR-351 inhibitor into F28-7-A resulted in morphological changes, and mode of cell death from apoptosis to necrosis. These findings suggest that the identified cell death regulators may have key roles in switching cell death mode. Possible mechanisms involving cell death regulators in the switch of necrosis or apoptosis are discussed. We propose a novel anticancer strategy targeting the switch regulators of necrosis or apoptosis.

North American Aviation F-100 in the Ames 40x80 Foot Wind Tunnel.

NASA Image and Video Library

1959-02-12

North American F-100-F airplane, equipped with thrust reversers, full scale wind tunnel test. 3/4 front view of F-100-F airplane with North American Aviation thrust reverser. On standard 40x80 struts landing gear down. Mark Kelly, branch chief in photo.

Incorporating detection probability into northern Great Plains pronghorn population estimates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jacques, Christopher N.; Jenks, Jonathan A.; Grovenburg, Troy W.; Klaver, Robert W.; DePerno, Christopher S.

2014-01-01

Pronghorn (Antilocapra americana) abundances commonly are estimated using fixed-wing surveys, but these estimates are likely to be negatively biased because of violations of key assumptions underpinning line-transect methodology. Reducing bias and improving precision of abundance estimates through use of detection probability and mark-resight models may allow for more responsive pronghorn management actions. Given their potential application in population estimation, we evaluated detection probability and mark-resight models for use in estimating pronghorn population abundance. We used logistic regression to quantify probabilities that detecting pronghorn might be influenced by group size, animal activity, percent vegetation, cover type, and topography. We estimated pronghorn population size by study area and year using mixed logit-normal mark-resight (MLNM) models. Pronghorn detection probability increased with group size, animal activity, and percent vegetation; overall detection probability was 0.639 (95% CI = 0.612–0.667) with 396 of 620 pronghorn groups detected. Despite model selection uncertainty, the best detection probability models were 44% (range = 8–79%) and 180% (range = 139–217%) greater than traditional pronghorn population estimates. Similarly, the best MLNM models were 28% (range = 3–58%) and 147% (range = 124–180%) greater than traditional population estimates. Detection probability of pronghorn was not constant but depended on both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. When pronghorn detection probability is a function of animal group size, animal activity, landscape complexity, and percent vegetation, traditional aerial survey techniques will result in biased pronghorn abundance estimates. Standardizing survey conditions, increasing resighting occasions, or accounting for variation in individual heterogeneity in mark-resight models will increase the accuracy and precision of pronghorn population estimates.

Inhibition of cell proliferation, migration and invasion of B16-F10 melanoma cells by α-mangostin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beninati, Simone, E-mail: beninati@bio.uniroma2.it; Oliverio, Serafina; Cordella, Martina

2014-08-08

Highlights: • We studied the anticancer potential of a new emerging molecule, α-mangostin (α-M). • We provide first evidences on the effects of α-M on transglutaminase activity. • We deeply examined the antimetastatic effects of α-M through many in vitro assays. • Proteomic analysis revealed that α-M promotes a reorganization at cellular level. - Abstract: In this study, we have evaluated the potential antineoplastic effects of α-mangostin (α-M), the most representative xanthone in Garcinia mangostana pericarp, on melanoma cell lines. This xanthone markedly inhibits the proliferation of high-metastatic B16-F10 melanoma cells. Furthermore, by deeply analyzing which steps in the metastaticmore » process are influenced by xanthone it was observed that α-M strongly interferes with homotypic aggregation, adhesion, plasticity and invasion ability of B16-F10 cells, probably by the observed reduction of metalloproteinase-9 activity. The antiproliferative and antimetastatic properties of α-M have been established in human SK-MEL-28 and A375 melanoma cells. In order to identify pathways potentially involved in the antineoplastic properties of α-M, a comparative mass spectrometry proteomic approach was employed. These findings may improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the anti-cancer effects of α-M on melanoma.« less

Influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the crystallization and spectral properties of L-tyrosine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thenmozhi, M.; Suguna, K.; Sekar, C.

2011-12-01

L-Tyrosine (C 9H 11NO 3) is an essential amino acid in living organisms. It is also a building unit in protein, takes part in bio-synthesis of hormones, neurotransmitters, pigments and one of the organic chemical constituents of urinary stones. L-Tyrosine has been crystallized in silica gel by double diffusion technique with and without the addition of NaF. The crystals had rosette-like shape. In case of fluoride addition, two types of crystals have formed: rosette like crystallites, at the gel-solution interface and reticulate type crystallites beneath the interface. XRD results confirmed that both the products are of L-tyrosine with identical crystal structures. Crystal structure, morphology, thermal and spectral properties are analyzed using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and UV-vis transmittance studies. The TG-DTA results suggest that the thermal stability of L-tyrosine has markedly improved due to fluoride doping. Optical band gap energy of NaF grown L-tyrosine crystallite is estimated as 4.28 eV. Second harmonic generation efficiency test indicates that L-tyrosine crystals can be used for application in nonlinear optical devices.

Creep rupture of fiber bundles: A molecular dynamics investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Linga, G.; Ballone, P.; Hansen, Alex

2015-08-01

The creep deformation and eventual breaking of polymeric samples under a constant tensile load F is investigated by molecular dynamics based on a particle representation of the fiber bundle model. The results of the virtual testing of fibrous samples consisting of 40 000 particles arranged on Nc=400 chains reproduce characteristic stages seen in the experimental investigations of creep in polymeric materials. A logarithmic plot of the bundle lifetime τ versus load F displays a marked curvature, ruling out a simple power-law dependence of τ on F . A power law τ ˜F-4 , however, is recovered at high load. We discuss the role of reversible bond breaking and formation on the eventual fate of the sample and simulate a different type of creep testing, imposing a constant stress rate on the sample up to its breaking point. Our simulations, relying on a coarse-grained representation of the polymer structure, introduce new features into the standard fiber bundle model, such as real-time dynamics, inertia, and entropy, and open the way to more detailed models, aiming at material science aspects of polymeric fibers, investigated within a sound statistical mechanics framework.

Effect of Physiological State on Female Melon Fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) Attraction to Host and Food Odor in the Field.

PubMed

Vargas, Roger I; Piñero, Jaime C; Miller, Neil W

2018-05-28

Foraging behavior of wild female melon fly, Bactrocera (Zeugodacus) cucurbitae Coquillett, a worldwide pest of economically important cucurbit crops, was examined through mark and recapture studies in both wild (Kona: dominated by the invasive weed ivy gourd, Coccinea grandis [L.] Voigt [Cucurbitaceae]), and cultivated (Kapoho: dominated by papaya, Carica papaya L. [Caricaceae] orchards) habitats on Hawaii Island. In particular, the extent to which wild melon flies and color-marked F2 females responded to cucumber odor and Solulys yeast hydrolysate laced with ammonium acetate (1%, wt/vol) according to sexual maturity stage and degree of protein hunger was documented. Kona results indicated that more wild and color-marked F2 females responded to cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. [Cucurbitaceae]) odor than to protein odor with the exception of captured wild flies without eggs, which responded similarly to protein bait and cucumber odor. Results with captured wild females and color-marked F2 females in Kapoho suggested a significant preference for cucumber odor over protein odor regardless of whether or not they had eggs in their ovaries with the exception of protein-deprived color-marked F2 females, which responded to both odors in equal numbers. Implications of these new findings based on wild melon flies in natural habitats are discussed with respect to integrated pest management control strategies with protein bait sprays used in Hawaii. The possibility of adding cucurbit volatiles to protein-based baits is discussed.

Use of [18F]FDG PET to Monitor The Development of Cardiac Allograft Rejection

PubMed Central

Daly, Kevin P.; Dearling, Jason L. J.; Seto, Tatsuichiro; Dunning, Patricia; Fahey, Frederic; Packard, Alan B.; Briscoe, David M.

2014-01-01

Background Positron Emission Tomography (PET) has the potential to be a specific, sensitive and quantitative diagnostic test for transplant rejection. To test this hypothesis, we evaluated 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) and 13N-labeled ammonia ([13N]NH3) small animal PET imaging in a well-established murine cardiac rejection model. Methods Heterotopic transplants were performed using minor MHC mismatched B6.C-H2bm12 donor hearts in C57BL/6(H-2b) recipients. C57BL/6 donor hearts into C57BL/6 recipients served as isograft controls. [18F]FDG PET imaging was performed weekly between post-transplant days 7 and 42 and the percent injected dose was computed for each graft. [13N]NH3 imaging was performed to evaluate myocardial perfusion. Results There was a significant increase in [18F]FDG uptake in allografts from day 14 to day 21 (1.6% to 5.2%; P<0.001) and uptake in allografts was significantly increased on post-transplant days 21 (5.2% vs. 0.9%; P=0.005) and 28 (4.8% vs. 0.9%; P=0.006) compared to isograft controls. Furthermore, [18F]FDG uptake correlated with an increase in rejection within allografts between days 14 and 28 post-transplant. Finally, the uptake of [13N]NH3 was significantly lower relative to the native heart in allografts with chronic vasculopathy compared to isograft controls on day 28 (P=0.01). Conclusions PET imaging with [18F]FDG can be used following transplantation to monitor the evolution of rejection. In addition, decreased uptake of [13N]NH3 in rejecting allografts may be reflective of decreased myocardial blood flow. These data suggest that combined [18F]FDG and [13N]NH3 PET imaging could be used as a non-invasive, quantitative technique for serial monitoring of allograft rejection and has potential application in human transplant recipients. PMID:25675207

Geophysical Plasmas and Atmospheric Modeling.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-03-01

Supriya Ganguli, Charles Goodrich, Adil Hassam, Y.C. Lee, Horace Mitchell, Dennis Papadopoulos, Harvey Rowland, Keith Sashegyi, Punyamurthula...Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere" which is being prepared for publication in J. Geophys. Res. with John U P. Apruzese (NRL) and Mark R. Schoeberl (Goddard...and G.F. Pinder, Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equations in Science and Engineering, John Wiley & Sons, New ;York, 1982. 18. See, for

On Generalizations of Cochran’s Theorem and Projection Matrices.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-08-01

Definiteness of the Estimated Dispersion Matrix in a Multivariate Linear Model ," F. Pukelsheim and George P.H. Styan, May 1978. TECHNICAL REPORTS...with applications to the analysis of covariance," Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc., 30, pp. 178-191. Graybill , F. A. and Marsaglia, G. (1957...34Idempotent matrices and quad- ratic forms in the general linear hypothesis," Ann. Math. Statist., 28, pp. 678-686. Greub, W. (1975). Linear Algebra (4th ed

7 CFR 15f.28 - When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? 15f.28 Section 15f.28 Agriculture Office... something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? Unless otherwise...

7 CFR 15f.28 - When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? 15f.28 Section 15f.28 Agriculture Office... something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? Unless otherwise...

7 CFR 15f.28 - When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? 15f.28 Section 15f.28 Agriculture Office... something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? Unless otherwise...

7 CFR 15f.28 - When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false When I or someone else has to do something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? 15f.28 Section 15f.28 Agriculture Office... something within a certain number of days, how will USDA or the ALJ count the days? Unless otherwise...

Efficacy and safety of faldaprevir, deleobuvir, and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection and advanced liver fibrosis or cirrhosis.

PubMed

Zeuzem, Stefan; Soriano, Vicente; Asselah, Tarik; Gane, Edward J; Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre; Angus, Peter; Lohse, Ansgar W; Stickel, Felix; Müllhaupt, Beat; Roberts, Stuart; Schuchmann, Marcus; Manns, Michael; Bourlière, Marc; Buti, Maria; Stern, Jerry O; Gallivan, John-Paul; Voss, Florian; Sabo, John P; Böcher, Wulf; Mensa, Federico J

2015-02-01

Patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent an unmet need. The HCV NS3/4A inhibitor, faldaprevir, was evaluated in combination with the nonnucleoside NS5B inhibitor, deleobuvir, with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 1 infection in the SOUND-C2 study. Here, the efficacy and safety of this interferon-free regimen in a subset of patients with advanced liver fibrosis, including those with compensated cirrhosis, were assessed. Patients (n=362) were randomized to once-daily faldaprevir with either twice-daily (BID) or three-times-daily (TID) deleobuvir for 16 (TID16W), 28 (TID28W and BID28W), or 40 (TID40W) weeks with or without ribavirin (TID28W-NR). Patients were classified according to fibrosis stage (F0 to F2 versus F3 to F4) and the presence of cirrhosis (yes/no). In total, 85 (24%) patients had advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3 to F4) and 33 (9%) had cirrhosis. Within each treatment arm, differences in rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of treatment (SVR12) between patients with mild to moderate fibrosis (F0 to F2) versus F3 to F4 did not show a consistent pattern and were not statistically significant (63% versus 47% for TID16W, 53% versus 76% for TID28W, 48% versus 67% for TID40W, 70% versus 67% for BID28W, and 40% versus 36% for TID28W-NR, respectively; P > 0.05 for each arm). The most frequent adverse events in patients with/without cirrhosis were gastrointestinal and skin events, which were mostly mild or moderate in intensity. The degree of liver fibrosis did not appear to affect the probability of achieving SVR12 following treatment with the interferon-free regimen of faldaprevir, deleobuvir, and ribavirin. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01132313.). Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Efficacy and Safety of Faldaprevir, Deleobuvir, and Ribavirin in Treatment-Naive Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Advanced Liver Fibrosis or Cirrhosis

PubMed Central

Soriano, Vicente; Asselah, Tarik; Gane, Edward J.; Bronowicki, Jean-Pierre; Angus, Peter; Lohse, Ansgar W.; Stickel, Felix; Müllhaupt, Beat; Roberts, Stuart; Schuchmann, Marcus; Manns, Michael; Bourlière, Marc; Buti, Maria; Stern, Jerry O.; Gallivan, John-Paul; Voss, Florian; Sabo, John P.; Böcher, Wulf; Mensa, Federico J.

2014-01-01

Patients with advanced hepatic fibrosis or cirrhosis with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection represent an unmet need. The HCV NS3/4A inhibitor, faldaprevir, was evaluated in combination with the nonnucleoside NS5B inhibitor, deleobuvir, with or without ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with HCV genotype 1 infection in the SOUND-C2 study. Here, the efficacy and safety of this interferon-free regimen in a subset of patients with advanced liver fibrosis, including those with compensated cirrhosis, were assessed. Patients (n = 362) were randomized to once-daily faldaprevir with either twice-daily (BID) or three-times-daily (TID) deleobuvir for 16 (TID16W), 28 (TID28W and BID28W), or 40 (TID40W) weeks with or without ribavirin (TID28W-NR). Patients were classified according to fibrosis stage (F0 to F2 versus F3 to F4) and the presence of cirrhosis (yes/no). In total, 85 (24%) patients had advanced fibrosis/cirrhosis (F3 to F4) and 33 (9%) had cirrhosis. Within each treatment arm, differences in rates of sustained virologic response 12 weeks after completion of treatment (SVR12) between patients with mild to moderate fibrosis (F0 to F2) versus F3 to F4 did not show a consistent pattern and were not statistically significant (63% versus 47% for TID16W, 53% versus 76% for TID28W, 48% versus 67% for TID40W, 70% versus 67% for BID28W, and 40% versus 36% for TID28W-NR, respectively; P > 0.05 for each arm). The most frequent adverse events in patients with/without cirrhosis were gastrointestinal and skin events, which were mostly mild or moderate in intensity. The degree of liver fibrosis did not appear to affect the probability of achieving SVR12 following treatment with the interferon-free regimen of faldaprevir, deleobuvir, and ribavirin. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under registration no. NCT01132313.) PMID:25512403

7 CFR 305.28 - Kiln sterilization treatment schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Kiln sterilization treatment schedule. 305.28 Section... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE PHYTOSANITARY TREATMENTS Heat Treatments § 305.28 Kiln sterilization treatment schedule. T404-b-4 Dry bulb temperature( °F) Wet bulb depression( °F) Percent...

7 CFR 28.176 - Designation of official certificates, memoranda, marks, other identifications, and devices for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., other identifications, and devices for purpose of the Agricultural Marketing Act. 28.176 Section 28.176 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMODITY STANDARDS AND STANDARD CONTAINER...

Pharmacokinetics and concentration–effect relationship of adalimumab in rheumatoid arthritis

PubMed Central

Ternant, David; Ducourau, Emilie; Fuzibet, Piéra; Vignault, Céline; Watier, Hervé; Lequerré, Thierry; Le Loët, Xavier; Vittecoq, Olivier; Goupille, Philippe; Mulleman, Denis; Paintaud, Gilles

2015-01-01

Aims This study aimed at describing adalimumab pharmacokinetics (PK) and the concentration–effect relationship of adalimumab using pharmacokinetic–pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) modelling in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods Adalimumab PK and PK–PD data were obtained from a multicentric observational study. Adalimumab (40 mg) was administered subcutaneously every other week, and its pharmacokinetics was described using a one-compartment model. The relationship between adalimumab concentration and C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration was described using an indirect response model with inhibition of CRP input, whereas the relationship between adalimumab concentration and disease activity score in 28 joints (DAS28) was described using a direct inhibition model. Dose regimens that included a loading dose of adalimumab were simulated. Results Thirty patients treated for RA were analysed. The following pharmacokinetic and PK–PD parameters were estimated (interidividual coefficient of variation): apparent volume of distribution (Vd/F) = 10.8 l (92%); apparent clearance (CL/F) = 0.32 l day−1 (17%); first-order absorption rate (ka) = 0.28 day−1; CRP input (kin) = 22.0 mg l−1 day−1 (65%); adalimumab concentration leading to a 50% decrease in kin (C50) = 3.6 mg l−1 (88%); baseline DAS28 (DAS0) = 5.5 mg l−1 (11%); and adalimumab concentration leading to 50% decrease of DAS0 (IC50) = 11.0 mg l−1 (71%). Simulations showed that a 160 mg loading dose should reduce the time to reach efficacy in terms of both CRP and DAS28 after the first injection. Conclusions This is the first study to describe adalimumab pharmacokinetics and the concentration–effect relationship in RA. A 160 mg loading dose may lead to an increased benefit from treatment in RA patients. PMID:25223394

The enhanced in vivo activity of the combination of a MEK and a PI3K inhibitor correlates with [18F]-FLT PET in human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice.

PubMed

Haagensen, Emma J; Thomas, Huw D; Wilson, Ian; Harnor, Suzannah J; Payne, Sara L; Rennison, Tommy; Smith, Kate M; Maxwell, Ross J; Newell, David R

2013-01-01

Combined targeting of the MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways in cancer may be necessary for optimal therapeutic activity. To support clinical studies of combination therapy, 3'-deoxy-3'-[(18)F]-fluorothymidine ([(18)F]-FLT) uptake measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was evaluated as a non-invasive surrogate response biomarker in pre-clinical models. The in vivo anti-tumour efficacy and PK-PD properties of the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 and the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941, alone and in combination, were evaluated in HCT116 and HT29 human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice, and [(18)F]-FLT PET investigated in mice bearing HCT116 xenografts. Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK induced marked tumour growth inhibition in vivo, and enhanced anti-tumour activity was predicted by [(18)F]-FLT PET scanning after 2 days of treatment. Pharmacodynamic analyses using the combination of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 revealed that increased efficacy is associated with an enhanced inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, S6 and 4EBP1, compared to that observed with either single agent, and maintained inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that there was no marked PK interaction between the two drugs. Together these results indicate that the combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors can result in significant efficacy, and demonstrate for the first time that [(18)F]-FLT PET can be correlated to the improved efficacy of combined PI3K and MEK inhibitor treatment.

The Enhanced In Vivo Activity of the Combination of a MEK and a PI3K Inhibitor Correlates with [18F]-FLT PET in Human Colorectal Cancer Xenograft Tumour-Bearing Mice

PubMed Central

Haagensen, Emma J.; Thomas, Huw D.; Wilson, Ian; Harnor, Suzannah J.; Payne, Sara L.; Rennison, Tommy; Smith, Kate M.; Maxwell, Ross J.; Newell, David R.

2013-01-01

Combined targeting of the MAPK and PI3K signalling pathways in cancer may be necessary for optimal therapeutic activity. To support clinical studies of combination therapy, 3′-deoxy-3′-[18F]-fluorothymidine ([18F]-FLT) uptake measured by Positron Emission Tomography (PET) was evaluated as a non-invasive surrogate response biomarker in pre-clinical models. The in vivo anti-tumour efficacy and PK-PD properties of the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 and the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941, alone and in combination, were evaluated in HCT116 and HT29 human colorectal cancer xenograft tumour-bearing mice, and [18F]-FLT PET investigated in mice bearing HCT116 xenografts. Dual targeting of PI3K and MEK induced marked tumour growth inhibition in vivo, and enhanced anti-tumour activity was predicted by [18F]-FLT PET scanning after 2 days of treatment. Pharmacodynamic analyses using the combination of the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 and the MEK inhibitor PD 0325901 revealed that increased efficacy is associated with an enhanced inhibition of the phosphorylation of ERK1/2, S6 and 4EBP1, compared to that observed with either single agent, and maintained inhibition of AKT phosphorylation. Pharmacokinetic studies indicated that there was no marked PK interaction between the two drugs. Together these results indicate that the combination of PI3K and MEK inhibitors can result in significant efficacy, and demonstrate for the first time that [18F]-FLT PET can be correlated to the improved efficacy of combined PI3K and MEK inhibitor treatment. PMID:24339963

Acute high dose of chlorpyrifos alters performance of rats in the elevated plus-maze and the elevated T-maze.

PubMed

López-Crespo, G A; Flores, P; Sánchez-Santed, F; Sánchez-Amate, M C

2009-11-01

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad spectrum organophosphate (OP) pesticide widely used in agriculture, industry and household. Several animal studies indicate emotional disturbances after CPF exposure, although the results are sometimes puzzling. Thus, both anxiolytic and anxiogenic effects of CPF have been reported in different animal models of anxiety [Sánchez-Amate MC, Flores P, Sánchez-Santed F. Effects of chlorpyrifos in the plus-maze model of anxiety. Behav Pharmacol 2001;12:285-92; Sánchez-Amate MC, Dávila E, Cañadas F, Flores P, Sánchez-Santed F. Chlorpyrifos shares stimulus properties with pentilenetetrazol as evaluated by and operant drug discrimination task. Neurotoxicology 2002;23:795-803; López-Crespo G, Carvajal F, Flores P, Sánchez-Santed F, Sánchez-Amate MC. Time-course of biochemical and behavioural effects of a single high dose of chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2007;28:541-7]. On the other hand, other behavioural effects of CPF are time-dependent [López-Crespo G, Carvajal F, Flores P, Sánchez-Santed F, Sánchez-Amate MC. Time-course of biochemical and behavioural effects of a single high dose of chlorpyrifos. Neurotoxicology 2007;28:541-7], raising the question that the effects of CPF could be task and post-administration time dependent. To test this hypothesis, three groups of rats were treated with a single high dose of CPF (250 mg/kg); one of the groups was tested on day 5 on the elevated plus-maze, to complete our previous study on day 2 [Sánchez-Amate MC, Flores P, Sánchez-Santed F. Effects of chlorpyrifos in the plus-maze model of anxiety. Behav Pharmacol 2001;12:285-92]. The remaining groups were tested on the elevated T-maze on days 2 and 5. CPF produced an increased open arm activity on the elevated plus-maze on day 5, an increased escape latency on the elevated T-maze on day 2 and an impaired inhibitory avoidance on day 5. Data are discussed taking together all studies carried out in our laboratory, confirming that CPF effects on emotional behaviour are dependent on both task contingencies and post-administration time.

Bayesian Estimation in the One-Parameter Latent Trait Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-03-01

Journal of Mathematical and Statistical Psychology , 1973, 26, 31-44. (a) Andersen, E. B. A goodness of fit test for the Rasch model. Psychometrika, 1973, 28...technique for estimating latent trait mental test parameters. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1976, 36, 705-715. Lindley, D. V. The...Lord, F. M. An analysis of verbal Scholastic Aptitude Test using Birnbaum’s three-parameter logistic model. Educational and Psychological

Enhanced negative emotion and alcohol craving, and altered physiological responses following stress and cue exposure in alcohol dependent individuals.

PubMed

Sinha, Rajita; Fox, Helen C; Hong, Kwangik A; Bergquist, Keri; Bhagwagar, Zubin; Siedlarz, Kristen M

2009-04-01

Chronic alcohol abuse is associated with changes in stress and reward pathways that could alter vulnerability to emotional stress and alcohol craving. This study examines whether chronic alcohol abuse is associated with altered stress and alcohol craving responses. Treatment-engaged, 28-day abstinent alcohol-dependent individuals (ADs; 6F/22M), and social drinkers (SDs; 10F/18M) were exposed to a brief guided imagery of a personalized stressful, alcohol-related and neutral-relaxing situation, one imagery condition per session, presented in random order across 3 days. Alcohol craving, anxiety and emotion ratings, behavioral distress responses, heart rate, blood pressure, and salivary cortisol measures were assessed. Alcohol patients showed significantly elevated basal heart rate and salivary cortisol levels. Stress and alcohol cue exposure each produced a significantly enhanced and persistent craving state in alcohol patients that was marked by increased anxiety, negative emotion, systolic blood pressure responses, and, in the case of alcohol cue, behavioral distress responses, as compared to SDs. Blunted stress-induced cortisol responses were observed in the AD compared to the SD group. These data are the first to document that stress and cue exposure induce a persistent negative emotion-related alcohol craving state in abstinent alcoholics accompanied by dysregulated HPA and physiological arousal responses. As laboratory models of stress and negative mood-induced alcohol craving are predictive of relapse outcomes, one implication of the current data is that treatments targeting decreases in stress and alcohol cue-induced craving and regulation of stress responses could be of benefit in improving alcohol relapse outcomes.

[Clinical and experimental study on effect of qinbal ointment in treating psoriasis in the active stage of blood-heat syndrome type].

PubMed

Xu, Jia; Zhang, Cang; Qu, Xing

2009-07-01

To investigate and compare the efficacy and safety of two kinds of Qinbai ointment prepared conventionally and finely (C-QBO and F-QBO) in treating psoriasis in the active stage of blood-heat syndrome type, and to observe their influences on vaginal epithelial cell mitosis, also on keratinization of caudal flakes in mice. Adopting randomized, single-blinded, controlled design, 93 patients administered orally with Liangxue Huoxue Decoction were randomized into three groups treated externally with C-QBO, F-QBO and white vaseline respectively, applied twice a day for 8 weeks. The safety was checked and the changes of modified psoriasis area severity index (PASI), as well as the conditions of skin lesions (size, erythema, infiltration, squama, and itching) and symptom improving time were compared. Experimental study 1: Mice were randomized into the model group, the C-QBO group, the F-QBO group and the blank group, 7 in each group. Their vaginal epithelial cell mitosis indices were compared after 3 days of treatment with corresponding remedies. Experimental study 2: Mice were randomized into the C-QBO group, the F-QBO group and the blank group, 7 in each group. After the mice had been treated with corresponding remedies for 28 days, the granular layer formation in their caudal scales was compared. The markedly effective rate was 63.3% (25/30) in the C-QBO group, 66.7% (20/30) in the F-QBO group, and 36.7% (11/30) in the control group. No statistical difference was showen between the two QBO treated groups (P > 0.05), but that in both of them was significantly different from that in the control group (P < 0.05). PASI scores lowered after treatment in all the three groups (P < 0.01), but the improvement in the two QBO groups was better than that in the control group (P < 0.05); the conditions of skin lesion were improved in all groups, but the improvements were more significant in the two QBO groups in terms of squama, infiltration and itching (P < 0.05), in aspects of improving time on erythema, infiltration and itching, especially the itching, F-QBO was superior to the C-QBO. Experimental study 1: The mitosis index in both QBO groups was lower than that in the blank group and the model group (P < 0.01). Experimental study 2: Number of scales with granular layer formation was higher in the two QBO groups than in the blank group (P < 0.01). C-QBO and F-QBO can effectively relieve the skin lesion of psoriasis patients in the active stage of blood-heat type, and they could also promote the formation of epithelial granular layer in the caudal scales of mice.

Placental protein-13 (PP13) in combination with PAPP-A and free leptin index (fLI) in first trimester maternal serum screening for severe and early preeclampsia.

PubMed

De Villiers, Carin P; Hedley, Paula L; Placing, Sophie; Wøjdemann, Karen R; Shalmi, Anne-Cathrine; Carlsen, Anting L; Rode, Line; Sundberg, Karin; Tabor, Ann; Christiansen, Michael

2017-11-27

Placental protein-13 (PP13) is involved in placental invasion and has been suggested as a maternal serum marker of preeclampsia (PE) development. However, the discriminatory ability of PP13 in first trimester has not been completely clarified. PP13 was measured in first trimester (week 10+3-13+6) maternal serum from 120 PE pregnancies and 267 control pregnancies and was correlated with clinical parameters. The population screening performance of PP13 in combination with the PE markers pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPPA) and free leptin index (fLI) was assessed by Monte Carlo simulation. In severe PE (including HELLP) cases (n=26) the median PP13 concentration was 35.8 pg/mL (range: 17.8-85.5 pg/mL) and in PE pregnancies (n=10) with birth prior to week 34, the median PP13 concentration was 30.6 pg/mL (13.1-50.1 pg/mL), compared to controls with a median of 54.8 pg/mL (range: 15.4-142.6 pg/mL) (p<0.04). The population screening detection rate (DR) for a false-positive rate of 10% for severe PE and HELLP was 26% for PP13, 28% for PP13+PAPP-A, 33% for PP13+fLI, and 40% for PP13+PAPP-A+fLI. PP13 is a marker of severe PE and HELLP syndrome. The screening performance of PP13 can be markedly improved by combining it with fLI and PAPP-A.

Mapping (and modeling) physiological movements during EEG-fMRI recordings: the added value of the video acquired simultaneously.

PubMed

Ruggieri, Andrea; Vaudano, Anna Elisabetta; Benuzzi, Francesca; Serafini, Marco; Gessaroli, Giuliana; Farinelli, Valentina; Nichelli, Paolo Frigio; Meletti, Stefano

2015-01-15

During resting-state EEG-fMRI studies in epilepsy, patients' spontaneous head-face movements occur frequently. We tested the usefulness of synchronous video recording to identify and model the fMRI changes associated with non-epileptic movements to improve sensitivity and specificity of fMRI maps related to interictal epileptiform discharges (IED). Categorization of different facial/cranial movements during EEG-fMRI was obtained for 38 patients [with benign epilepsy with centro-temporal spikes (BECTS, n=16); with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE, n=17); focal symptomatic/cryptogenic epilepsy (n=5)]. We compared at single subject- and at group-level the IED-related fMRI maps obtained with and without additional regressors related to spontaneous movements. As secondary aim, we considered facial movements as events of interest to test the usefulness of video information to obtain fMRI maps of the following face movements: swallowing, mouth-tongue movements, and blinking. Video information substantially improved the identification and classification of the artifacts with respect to the EEG observation alone (mean gain of 28 events per exam). Inclusion of physiological activities as additional regressors in the GLM model demonstrated an increased Z-score and number of voxels of the global maxima and/or new BOLD clusters in around three quarters of the patients. Video-related fMRI maps for swallowing, mouth-tongue movements, and blinking were comparable to the ones obtained in previous task-based fMRI studies. Video acquisition during EEG-fMRI is a useful source of information. Modeling physiological movements in EEG-fMRI studies for epilepsy will lead to more informative IED-related fMRI maps in different epileptic conditions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Can dual-energy CT replace perfusion CT for the functional evaluation of advanced hepatocellular carcinoma?

PubMed

Mulé, Sébastien; Pigneur, Frédéric; Quelever, Ronan; Tenenhaus, Arthur; Baranes, Laurence; Richard, Philippe; Tacher, Vania; Herin, Edouard; Pasquier, Hugo; Ronot, Maxime; Rahmouni, Alain; Vilgrain, Valérie; Luciani, Alain

2018-05-01

To determine the degree of relationship between iodine concentrations derived from dual-energy CT (DECT) and perfusion CT parameters in patients with advanced HCC under treatment. In this single-centre IRB approved study, 16 patients with advanced HCC treated with sorafenib or radioembolization who underwent concurrent dynamic perfusion CT and multiphase DECT using a single source, fast kV switching DECT scanner were included. Written informed consent was obtained for all patients. HCC late-arterial and portal iodine concentrations, blood flow (BF)-related and blood volume (BV)-related perfusion parameters maps were calculated. Mixed-effects models of the relationship between iodine concentrations and perfusion parameters were computed. An adjusted p value (Bonferroni method) < 0.05 was considered significant. Mean HCC late-arterial and portal iodine concentrations were 22.7±12.7 mg/mL and 18.7±8.3 mg/mL, respectively. Late-arterial iodine concentration was significantly related to BV (mixed-effects model F statistic (F)=28.52, p<0.0001), arterial BF (aBF, F=17.62, p<0.0001), hepatic perfusion index (F=28.24, p<0.0001), positive enhancement integral (PEI, F=66.75, p<0.0001) and mean slope of increase (F=32.96, p<0.0001), while portal-venous iodine concentration was mainly related to BV (F=29.68, p<0.0001) and PEI (F=66.75, p<0.0001). In advanced HCC lesions, DECT-derived late-arterial iodine concentration is strongly related to both aBF and BV, while portal iodine concentration mainly reflects BV, offering DECT the ability to evaluate both morphological and perfusion changes. • Late-arterial iodine concentration is highly related to arterial BF and BV. • Portal iodine concentration mainly reflects tumour blood volume. • Dual-energy CT offers significantly decreased radiation dose compared with perfusion CT.

Safety and toxicological evaluation of a novel anti-obesity formulation LI85008F in animals.

PubMed

Krishnaraju, A V; Sundararaju, D; Srinivas, P; Rao, C V; Sengupta, K; Trimurtulu, G

2010-02-01

LI85008F is a novel synergistic composition of Moringa oleifera, Murraya koenigi, and Curcuma longa. These herbs are well recognized and widely used in ayurvedic system of medicine for treating a variety of diseases and are also have been used for culinary purposes for thousands of years. LI85008F inhibits preadipocyte differentiation and potentiates lipid breakdown in mature adipocytes. In diet-induced obese rats, LI85008F significantly reduced weight gain and improved serum adiponectin levels. These findings motivated the authors to determine the broad-spectrum safety of LI85008F. Acute oral toxicity, acute dermal toxicity, primary skin irritation, primary eye irritation, and dose-dependent 28-day sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted. The acute oral LD50 of LI85008F was greater than 5000 mg/kg in female SD rats and no changes in body weight or adverse effects were observed following necropsy. Acute dermal LD50 of LI85008F was greater than 2000 mg/kg. LI85008F was classified as non-irritating to skin in a primary dermal irritation study conducted using New Zealand Albino rabbits. LI85008F caused minimal irritation to eyes in a primary eye irritation test conducted on New Zealand Albino rabbits. A dose-dependent 28-day sub-acute toxicity study demonstrated no significant changes in selected organ weights. Evaluations on hematology, clinical chemistry, and histopathology did not show any significant adverse changes. The NOAEL of LI85008F was found to be greater than 2500 mg/kg body weight. These results demonstrate the broad spectrum safety of LI85008F in animal models.

Synthesis and Monkey-PET Study of (R)- and (S)-18F-Labeled 2-Arylbenzoheterocyclic Derivatives as Amyloid Probes with Distinctive in Vivo Kinetics.

PubMed

Yang, Yanping; Wang, Xuedan; Yang, Hui; Fu, Hualong; Zhang, Jinming; Zhang, Xiaojun; Dai, Jiapei; Zhang, Zhiyong; Lin, Chunping; Guo, Yuzhi; Cui, Mengchao

2016-11-07

This study describes an effective strategy to improve pharmacokinetics of Aβ imaging agents, offering a novel class of (R)- and (S)- 18 F-labeled 2-arylbenzoheterocyclic derivatives which bear an additional chiral hydroxyl group on the side chain. These ligands displayed binding abilities toward Aβ aggregates with K i values ranging from 3.2 to 195.6 nM. Chirality-related discrepancy was observed in biodistribution, and (S)-2-phenylbenzoxazole enantiomers exhibited vastly improved brain clearance with washout ratios higher than 20. Notably, (S)-[ 18 F]28 possessed high binding potency (K i = 7.6 nM) and exceptional brain kinetics (9.46% ID/g at 2 min, brain 2min /brain 60min = 27.8) that is superior to well-established [ 18 F]AV45. The excellent pharmacokinetics and low nonspecific binding of (S)-[ 18 F]28 were testified by dynamic PET/CT scans in monkey brains. In addition, (S)-[ 18 F]28 clearly labeled Aβ plaques both in vitro and ex vivo. These results might qualify (S)-[ 18 F]28 to detect Aβ plaques with high signal-to-noise ratio.

An Approach to Knowledge-Directed Image Analysis,

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-09-01

34AN APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE -DIRECTED IMAGE ANALYSIS D.H. Ballard, C.M.’Brown, J.A. Feldman Computer Science Department iThe University of Rochester...Rochester, New York 14627 DTII EECTE UTIC FILE COPY o n I, n 83 - ’ f t 8 11 28 19 1f.. AN APPROACH TO KNOWLEDGE -DIRECTED IMAGE ANALYSIS 5*., D.H...semantic network model and a distributed control structure to accomplish the image analysis process. The process of " understanding an image" leads to

Dynamic timecourse of typical childhood absence seizures: EEG, behavior and fMRI

PubMed Central

Bai, X; Vestal, M; Berman, R; Negishi, M; Spann, M; Vega, C; Desalvo, M; Novotny, EJ; Constable, RT; Blumenfeld, H

2010-01-01

Absence seizures are 5–10 second episodes of impaired consciousness accompanied by 3–4Hz generalized spike-and-wave discharge on electroencephalography (EEG). The timecourse of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) changes in absence seizures in relation to EEG and behavior is not known. We acquired simultaneous EEG-fMRI in 88 typical childhood absence seizures from 9 pediatric patients. We investigated behavior concurrently using a continuous performance task (CPT) or simpler repetitive tapping task (RTT). EEG time-frequency analysis revealed abrupt onset and end of 3–4 Hz spike-wave discharges with a mean duration of 6.6 s. Behavioral analysis also showed rapid onset and end of deficits associated with electrographic seizure start and end. In contrast, we observed small early fMRI increases in the orbital/medial frontal and medial/lateral parietal cortex >5s before seizure onset, followed by profound fMRI decreases continuing >20s after seizure end. This timecourse differed markedly from the hemodynamic response function (HRF) model used in conventional fMRI analysis, consisting of large increases beginning after electrical event onset, followed by small fMRI decreases. Other regions, such as the lateral frontal cortex, showed more balanced fMRI increases followed by approximately equal decreases. The thalamus showed delayed increases after seizure onset followed by small decreases, most closely resembling the HRF model. These findings reveal a complex and long lasting sequence of fMRI changes in absence seizures, which are not detectible by conventional HRF modeling in many regions. These results may be important mechanistically for seizure initiation and termination and may also contribute to changes in EEG and behavior. PMID:20427649

Keesler Astro Camp

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-06-29

Young people prepare model rockets during an Astro Camp activity at Keesler Air Force Base in Biloxi. Stennis hosted the camp June 28 - July 1 in support of the White House Military Families Initiative. The camp also marked the beginning of a partnership between Stennis and Keesler to provide NASA education experiences to military children and to train children and youth care-providers. It is hoped that this activity can be expanded to other military bases next summer.

Novel Chemokine-Based Immunotoxins for Potent and Selective Targeting of Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells

PubMed Central

Spiess, Katja; Jeppesen, Mads G.; Malmgaard-Clausen, Mikkel; Krzywkowski, Karen

2017-01-01

Immunotoxins as antiviral therapeutics are largely unexplored but have promising prospective due to their high selectivity potential and their unparalleled efficiency. One recent example targeted the virus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor US28 as a strategy for specific and efficient treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections. US28 is expressed on virus-infected cells and scavenge chemokines by rapid internalization. The chemokine-based fusion-toxin protein (FTP) consisted of a variant (F49A) of CX3CL1 specifically targeting US28 linked to the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). Here, we systematically seek to improve F49A-FTP by modifications in its three structural domains; we generated variants with (1) altered chemokine sequence (K14A, F49L, and F49E), (2) shortened and elongated linker region, and (3) modified toxin domain. Only F49L-FTP displayed higher selectivity in its binding to US28 versus CX3CR1, the endogenous receptor for CX3CL1, but this was not matched by a more selective killing of US28-expressing cells. A longer linker and different toxin variants decreased US28 affinity and selective killing. Thereby, F49A-FTP represents the best candidate for HCMV treatment. Many viruses encode internalizing receptors suggesting that not only HCMV but also, for instance, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus may be targeted by FTPs. PMID:28251165

Novel Chemokine-Based Immunotoxins for Potent and Selective Targeting of Cytomegalovirus Infected Cells.

PubMed

Spiess, Katja; Jeppesen, Mads G; Malmgaard-Clausen, Mikkel; Krzywkowski, Karen; Kledal, Thomas N; Rosenkilde, Mette M

2017-01-01

Immunotoxins as antiviral therapeutics are largely unexplored but have promising prospective due to their high selectivity potential and their unparalleled efficiency. One recent example targeted the virus-encoded G protein-coupled receptor US28 as a strategy for specific and efficient treatment of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infections. US28 is expressed on virus-infected cells and scavenge chemokines by rapid internalization. The chemokine-based fusion-toxin protein (FTP) consisted of a variant (F49A) of CX 3 CL1 specifically targeting US28 linked to the catalytic domain of Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PE). Here, we systematically seek to improve F49A-FTP by modifications in its three structural domains; we generated variants with (1) altered chemokine sequence (K14A, F49L, and F49E), (2) shortened and elongated linker region, and (3) modified toxin domain. Only F49L-FTP displayed higher selectivity in its binding to US28 versus CX 3 CR1, the endogenous receptor for CX 3 CL1, but this was not matched by a more selective killing of US28-expressing cells. A longer linker and different toxin variants decreased US28 affinity and selective killing. Thereby, F49A-FTP represents the best candidate for HCMV treatment. Many viruses encode internalizing receptors suggesting that not only HCMV but also, for instance, Epstein-Barr virus and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus may be targeted by FTPs.

Establishment of Three Francisella Infections in Zebrafish Embryos at Different Temperatures

PubMed Central

Brudal, Espen; Ulanova, Lilia S.; O. Lampe, Elisabeth; Rishovd, Anne-Lise; Winther-Larsen, Hanne C.

2014-01-01

Francisella spp. are facultative intracellular pathogens identified in increasingly diverse hosts, including mammals. F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis and F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis infect fish inhabiting warm and cold waters, respectively, while F. tularensis subsp. novicida is highly infectious for mice and has been widely used as a model for the human pathogen F. tularensis. Here, we established zebrafish embryo infection models of fluorescently labeled F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis, F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis, and F. tularensis subsp. novicida at 22, 28, and 32°C, respectively. All infections led to significant bacterial growth, as shown by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), and to a robust proinflammatory immune response, dominated by increased transcription of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β). F. noatunensis subsp. orientalis was the most virulent, F. noatunensis subsp. noatunensis caused chronic infection, and F. tularensis subsp. novicida showed moderate virulence and led to formation of relatively small granuloma-like structures. The use of transgenic zebrafish strains with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-labeled immune cells revealed their detailed interactions with Francisella species. All three strains entered preferentially into macrophages, which eventually assembled into granuloma-like structures. Entry into neutrophils was also observed, though the efficiency of this event depended on the route of infection. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the zebrafish embryo model for studying infections caused by different Francisella species at a wide range of temperatures and highlight their interactions with immune cells. PMID:24614659

49 CFR 238.125 - Marking and instructions for emergency egress and rescue access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and rescue access. On or after January 28, 2015, emergency signage and markings shall be provided for..., “Standard for Emergency Signage for Egress/Access of Passenger Rail Equipment,” Authorized October 7, 2007...

Modeling ionospheric foF 2 response during geomagnetic storms using neural network and linear regression techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tshisaphungo, Mpho; Habarulema, John Bosco; McKinnell, Lee-Anne

2018-06-01

In this paper, the modeling of the ionospheric foF 2 changes during geomagnetic storms by means of neural network (NN) and linear regression (LR) techniques is presented. The results will lead to a valuable tool to model the complex ionospheric changes during disturbed days in an operational space weather monitoring and forecasting environment. The storm-time foF 2 data during 1996-2014 from Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E), South Africa ionosonde station was used in modeling. In this paper, six storms were reserved to validate the models and hence not used in the modeling process. We found that the performance of both NN and LR models is comparable during selected storms which fell within the data period (1996-2014) used in modeling. However, when validated on storm periods beyond 1996-2014, the NN model gives a better performance (R = 0.62) compared to LR model (R = 0.56) for a storm that reached a minimum Dst index of -155 nT during 19-23 December 2015. We also found that both NN and LR models are capable of capturing the ionospheric foF 2 responses during two great geomagnetic storms (28 October-1 November 2003 and 6-12 November 2004) which have been demonstrated to be difficult storms to model in previous studies.

Effects of Inaccurate Identification of Interictal Epileptiform Discharges in Concurrent EEG-fMRI

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gkiatis, K.; Bromis, K.; Kakkos, I.; Karanasiou, I. S.; Matsopoulos, G. K.; Garganis, K.

2017-11-01

Concurrent continuous EEG-fMRI is a novel multimodal technique that is finding its way into clinical practice in epilepsy. EEG timeseries are used to identify the timing of interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) which is then included in a GLM analysis in fMRI to localize the epileptic onset zone. Nevertheless, there are still some concerns about its reliability concerning BOLD changes correlated with IEDs. Even though IEDs are identified by an experienced neurologist-epiliptologist, the reliability and concordance of the mark-ups is depending on many factors including the level of fatigue, the amount of time that he spent or, in some cases, even the screen that is being used for the display of timeseries. This investigation is aiming to unravel the effect of misidentification or inaccuracy in the mark-ups of IEDs in the fMRI statistical parametric maps. Concurrent EEG-fMRI was conducted in six subjects with various types of epilepsy. IEDs were identified by an experienced neurologist-epiliptologist. Analysis of EEG was performed with EEGLAB and analysis of fMRI was conducted in FSL. Preliminary results revealed lower statistical significance for missing events or larger period of IEDs than the actual ones and the introduction of false positives and false negatives in statistical parametric maps when random events were included in the GLM on top of the IEDs. Our results suggest that mark-ups in EEG for simultaneous EEG-fMRI should be done with caution from an experienced and restful neurologist as it affects the fMRI results in various and unpredicted ways.

Longitudinal variation of the equatorial ionosphere: Modeling and experimental results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Souza, J. R.; Asevedo, W. D.; dos Santos, P. C. P.; Petry, A.; Bailey, G. J.; Batista, I. S.; Abdu, M. A.

2013-02-01

We describe a new version of the Parameterized Regional Ionospheric Model (PARIM) which has been modified to include the longitudinal dependences. This model has been reconstructed using multidimensional Fourier series. To validate PARIM results, the South America maps of critical frequencies for the E (foE) and F (foF2) regions were compared with the values calculated by Sheffield Plasmasphere-Ionosphere Model (SUPIM) and IRI representations. PARIM presents very good results, the general characteristics of both regions, mainly the presence of the equatorial ionization anomaly, were well reproduced for equinoctial conditions of solar minimum and maximum. The values of foF2 and hmF2 recorded over Jicamarca (12°S; 77°W; dip lat. 1°N; mag. declination 0.3°) and sites of the conjugate point equatorial experiment (COPEX) campaign Boa Vista (2.8°N; 60.7°W; dip lat. 11.4°; mag. declination -13.1°), Cachimbo (9.5°S; 54.8°W; dip lat. -1.8°; mag. declination -15.5°), and Campo Grande (20.4°S; 54.6°W; dip lat. -11.1°; mag. declination -14.0°) have been used in this work. foF2 calculated by PARIM show good agreement with the observations, except during morning over Boa Vista and midnight-morning over Campo Grande. Some discrepancies were also found for the F-region peak height (hmF2) near the geomagnetic equator during times of F3 layer occurrences. IRI has underestimated both foF2 and hmF2 over equatorial and low latitude sectors during evening-nighttimes, except for Jicamarca where foF2 values were overestimated.

Arginine methylation-dependent reader-writer interplay governs growth control by E2F-1

PubMed Central

Zheng, Shunsheng; Moehlenbrink, Jutta; Lu, Yi-Chien; Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis; Sagum, Cari A.; Carr, Simon; McGouran, Joanna F.; Alexander, Leila; Fedorov, Oleg; Munro, Shonagh; Kessler, Benedikt; Bedford, Mark T.; Yu, Qiang; La Thangue, Nicholas B.

2014-01-01

Summary The mechanisms that underlie and dictate the different biological outcomes of E2F-1 activity have yet to be elucidated. We describe the residue-specific methylation of E2F-1 by the asymmetric dimethylating protein arginine methyltransferase (PRMT) 1 and symmetric dimethylating PRMT5, and relate the marks to different functional consequences of E2F-1 activity. Methylation by PRMT1 hinders methylation by PRMT5, which augments E2F-1-dependent apoptosis, whereas PRMT5-dependent methylation favours proliferation by antagonising methylation by PRMT1. The ability of E2F-1 to prompt apoptosis in DNA damaged cells coincides with enhanced PRMT1 methylation. In contrast, cyclin A binding to E2F-1 impedes PRMT1 methylation and augments PRMT5 methylation, thus ensuring that E2F-1 is locked into its cell cycle progression mode. The Tudor domain protein p100-TSN reads the symmetric methylation mark, and binding of p100-TSN down-regulates E2F-1 apoptotic activity. Our results define an exquisite level of precision in the reader-writer interplay that governs the biological outcome of E2F-1 activity. PMID:24076217

Time series analysis and mortality model of dog bite victims presented for treatment at a referral clinic for rabies exposure in Monrovia, Liberia, 2010-2013.

PubMed

Olarinmoye, Ayodeji O; Ojo, Johnson F; Fasunla, Ayotunde J; Ishola, Olayinka O; Dakinah, Fahnboah G; Mulbah, Charles K; Al-Hezaimi, Khalid; Olugasa, Babasola O

2017-08-01

We developed time trend model, determined treatment outcome and estimated annual human deaths among dog bite victims (DBVs) from 2010 to 2013 in Monrovia, Liberia. Data obtained from clinic records included victim's age, gender and site of bite marks, site name of residence of rabies-exposed patients, promptness of care sought, initial treatment and post-exposure-prophylaxis (PEP) compliance. We computed DBV time-trend plot, seasonal index and year 2014 case forecast. Associated annual human death (AHD) was estimated using a standardized decision tree model. Of the 775 DBVs enlisted, care seeking time was within 24h of injury in 328 (42.32%) DBVs. Victim's residential location, site of bite mark, and time dependent variables were significantly associated with treatment outcome (p< 0.05). The equation X^ t =28.278-0.365t models the trend of DBVs. The high (n=705, 90.97%) defaulted PEP and average 155 AHD from rabies implied urgent need for policy formulation on national programme for rabies prevention in Liberia. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Thermally induced disintegration of the oligomeric structure of alphaB-crystallin mutant F28S is associated with diminished chaperone activity.

PubMed

Kelley, Patrick B; Abraham, Edathara C

2003-10-01

alphaB-crystallin, a member of the small heat-shock protein (hsp) family of proteins, is able to function as a molecular chaperone by protecting other proteins from stress-induced aggregation by recognizing and binding to partially unfolded species of damaged proteins. The present work has investigated the role of phenylalanine-28 (F28) of the 22RLFDQFF28 region of alphaB-crystallin in maintaining chaperone function and oligomeric structure under physiological condition and under thermal stress. Bovine alphaB-crystallin was cloned for the first time and the cDNA sequence revealed greater than 90% homology to that of human, rat and mouse alphaB-crystallins. F28 was mutated to a serine followed by expression of the mutant F28S and the wild-type alphaB (alphaB-wt) in E. coli and subsequent purification of the protein by size-exclusion chromatography. Secondary and tertiary structure analyses showed some structural changes in the mutant. Chaperone activity and oligomeric size of the mutant was unchanged at 37 degrees C whereas at 58 degrees C the chaperone activity was significantly decreased and the oligomeric size ranged from low molecular weight to high molecular weight showing disintegration of the oligomeric structure. The data support the idea that the participation of large oligomeric structure rather than smaller units is required to have optimal chaperone activity and the hydrophobic F28 residue is needed for maintaining the native oligomeric structure under thermal stress.

Mechanical Loading for Peripheral Nerve Stabilization and Regeneration

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

Dahlin, L., Johansson, F., Lindwall, C., and Kanje, M. Chapter 28: Future perspective in peripheral nerve reconstruction . Int Rev Neurobiol 87, 507...Genden, E.M., MacKinnon, S.E., Doolabh, V.B., and Hunter, D.A. Regeneration through long nerve grafts in the swine model. Microsurgery 18, 379, 1998. 12

28 CFR 17.25 - Identification and markings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... classified at a level equivalent to that level of classification assigned by the originating foreign government. (c) Information assigned a level of classification under predecessor Executive Orders shall be... ACCESS TO CLASSIFIED INFORMATION Classified Information § 17.25 Identification and markings. (a...

Two phenylalanines in the C-terminus of Epstein-Barr virus Rta protein reciprocally modulate its DNA binding and transactivation function

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, L.-W.; Department of Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520; Raghavan, Vineetha

The Rta (R transactivator) protein plays an essential role in the Epstein-Barr viral (EBV) lytic cascade. Rta activates viral gene expression by several mechanisms including direct and indirect binding to target viral promoters, synergy with EBV ZEBRA protein, and stimulation of cellular signaling pathways. We previously found that Rta proteins with C-terminal truncations of 30 aa were markedly enhanced in their capacity to bind DNA (Chen, L.W., Chang, P.J., Delecluse, H.J., and Miller, G., (2005). Marked variation in response of consensus binding elements for the Rta protein of Epstein-Barr virus. J. Virol. 79(15), 9635-9650.). Here we show that two phenylalaninesmore » (F600 and F605) in the C-terminus of Rta play a crucial role in mediating this DNA binding inhibitory function. Amino acids 555 to 605 of Rta constitute a functional DNA binding inhibitory sequence (DBIS) that markedly decreased DNA binding when transferred to a minimal DNA binding domain of Rta (aa 1-350). Alanine substitution mutants, F600A/F605A, abolished activity of the DBIS. F600 and F605 are located in the transcriptional activation domain of Rta. Alanine substitutions, F600A/F605A, decreased transcriptional activation by Rta protein, whereas aromatic substitutions, such as F600Y/F605Y or F600W/F605W, partially restored transcriptional activation. Full-length Rta protein with F600A/F605A mutations were enhanced in DNA binding compared to wild-type, whereas Rta proteins with F600Y/F605Y or F600W/F605W substitutions were, like wild-type Rta, relatively poor DNA binders. GAL4 (1-147)/Rta (416-605) fusion proteins with F600A/F605A mutations were diminished in transcriptional activation, relative to GAL4/Rta chimeras without such mutations. The results suggest that, in the context of a larger DBIS, F600 and F605 play a role in the reciprocal regulation of DNA binding and transcriptional activation by Rta. Regulation of DNA binding by Rta is likely to be important in controlling its different modes of action.« less

49 CFR 173.301a - Additional general requirements for shipment of specification cylinders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... gases in specification cylinders. (b) Authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure. For authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure, the service pressure is designated as follows: Specification marking Service Pressure psig 3 1800 3E 1800 8 250 (c) Cylinder pressure at 21 °C (70 °F). The...

49 CFR 173.301a - Additional general requirements for shipment of specification cylinders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... gases in specification cylinders. (b) Authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure. For authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure, the service pressure is designated as follows: Specification marking Service Pressure psig 3 1800 3E 1800 8 250 (c) Cylinder pressure at 21 °C (70 °F). The...

49 CFR 173.301a - Additional general requirements for shipment of specification cylinders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... gases in specification cylinders. (b) Authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure. For authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure, the service pressure is designated as follows: Specification marking Service Pressure psig 3 1800 3E 1800 8 250 (c) Cylinder pressure at 21 °C (70 °F). The...

49 CFR 173.301a - Additional general requirements for shipment of specification cylinders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... gases in specification cylinders. (b) Authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure. For authorized cylinders not marked with a service pressure, the service pressure is designated as follows: Specification marking Service Pressure psig 3 1800 3E 1800 8 250 (c) Cylinder pressure at 21 °C (70 °F). The...

Culture-area relation in Axelrod's model for culture dissemination.

PubMed

Barbosa, Lauro A; Fontanari, José F

2009-11-01

Axelrod's model for culture dissemination offers a nontrivial answer to the question of why there is cultural diversity given that people's beliefs have a tendency to become more similar to each other's as they interact repeatedly. The answer depends on the two control parameters of the model, namely, the number F of cultural features that characterize each agent, and the number q of traits that each feature can take on, as well as on the size A of the territory or, equivalently, on the number of interacting agents. Here, we investigate the dependence of the number C of distinct coexisting cultures on the area A in Axelrod's model, the culture-area relationship, through extensive Monte Carlo simulations. We find a non-monotonous culture-area relation, for which the number of cultures decreases when the area grows beyond a certain size, provided that q is smaller than a threshold value qc = qc (F) and F > or = 3. In the limit of infinite area, this threshold value signals the onset of a discontinuous transition between a globalized regime marked by a uniform culture (C = 1), and a completely polarized regime where all C = qF possible cultures coexist. Otherwise, the culture- area relation exhibits the typical behavior of the species- area relation, i.e., a monotonically increasing curve the slope of which is steep at first and steadily levels off at some maximum diversity value.

Ln3+-Catalyzed Alcoholysis of Organophosphates: New Methodology for the Catalytic Transformation of Phosphorus Pesticides and CW Agents

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-14

1770. 9. Graham T. T. Gibson, Mark F. Mohamed, Alexei A. Neverov and R. S. Brown*, “ Potentiometric titration of metal ions in ethanol.” Inorganic...81, 495-504. 2 . Graham T. T. Gibson, Mark F. Mohamed, Alexei A. Neverov and R. S. Brown*, “ Potentiometric titration of metal ions in ethanol...necessary to understand the determination of pH in these anhydrous solvents, and then to undertake detailed studies of titration of metal

The Prosody of Topic Transition in Interaction: Pitch Register Variations.

PubMed

Riou, Marine

2017-12-01

In conversation, speakers can mobilize a variety of prosodic cues to signal a switch in topics. This paper uses a mixed-methods approach combining Conversation Analysis and Instrumental Prosody to investigate the prosody of topic transition in American English, and analyzes the ways in which speakers can play on register level and on register span. A cluster of three prosodic parameters was found to be predictive of transitions: a higher maximum fundamental frequency (F0), a higher median F0 (key), and an expanded register span. Relative to speakers' habitual profiles, the mobilization of such prosodic cues corresponds to a marked upgraded prosodic design. This finding is consistent with the general assumption that continuation constitutes the norm in conversation, and that departing from it, as in the case of a topic transition, requires a marked action and marked linguistic design. The disjunctive action of opening a new topic corresponds to the use of a marked prosodic cue.

Using Rasch model to analyze the ability of pre-university students in vector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibrahim, Faridah Mohamed; Shariff, Asma Ahmad; Tahir, Rohayatimah Muhammad

2015-10-01

Evaluating students' performance only from overall examination marks does not give accurate evidence of their achievement on a particular subject. For a more detailed analysis, an instrument called Rasch Measurement Model (Rasch Model), widely used in education research, may be applied. Using the analysis map, the level of each student's ability and the level of the questions difficulty can be measured. This paper describes how the Rasch Model is used to evaluate students' achivement and performance in Vector, a subject taken by students enrolled in the Physical Science Program at the Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya. Usually, students' understanding of the subject and performance are assessed and examined at the end of the semester in the final examination, apart from continuous assessment done throughout the course. In order to evaluate the individual achievement and get a better and accurate evidence on the performance, 28 male and 28 female students' marks were taken randomly from the final examination results and analysed using the Rasch Model. Observation made from the map showed that more than half of the questions were categorized as difficult while the two most difficult questions could be answered correctly by 33.9% of the students. Results showed that the students performed very well and their achievement was above expectation. About 27% of the sudents could be considered as having very high ability in answering all the questions, with one student being able to answer well, obtaining perfect score. However, two students were found to be misfits since they were able to answer difficult questions but gave poor response to easy ones.

Glassy dielectric response in Tb2NiMnO6 double perovskite with similarities to a Griffiths phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nhalil, Hariharan; Nair, Harikrishnan S.; Bhat, H. L.; Elizabeth, Suja

2013-12-01

Results of frequency-dependent and temperature-dependent dielectric measurements performed on the double-perovskite Tb2NiMnO6 are presented. The real (\\epsilon_1 (f,T)) and imaginary (\\epsilon_2 (f,T)) parts of dielectric permittivity show three plateaus suggesting dielectric relaxation originating from the bulk, grain boundaries and the sample-electrode interfaces, respectively. The \\epsilon_1 (f,T) and \\epsilon_2 (f,T) are successfully simulated by a RC circuit model. The complex plane of impedance, Z'\\text{-}Z'' , is simulated using a series network with a resistor R and a constant phase element. Through the analysis of \\epsilon (f,T) using the modified Debye model, two different relaxation time regimes separated by a characteristic temperature, T^* , are identified. The temperature variation of R and C corresponding to the bulk and the parameter α from modified Debye fit lend support to this hypothesis. Interestingly, the T^* compares with the Griffiths temperature for this compound observed in magnetic measurements. Though these results cannot be interpreted as magnetoelectric coupling, the relationship between lattice and magnetism is markedly clear. We assume that the observed features have their origin in the polar nanoregions which originate from the inherent cationic defect structure of double perovskites.

Low-Lift Drag of the Grumman F9F-9 Airplane as Obtained by a 1/7.5-Scale Rocket-Boosted Model and by Three 1/45.85-Scale Equivalent-Body Models between Mach Numbers of 0.8 and 1.3, TED No. NACA DE 391

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, Joseph E.

1955-01-01

Low-lift drag data are presented herein for one 1/7.5-scale rocket-boosted model and three 1/45.85-scale equivalent-body models of the Grumman F9F-9 airplane, The data were obtained over a Reynolds number range of about 5 x 10(exp 6) to 10 x 10(exp 6) based on wing mean aerodynamic chord for the rocket model and total body length for the equivalent-body models. The rocket-boosted model showed a drag rise of about 0,037 (based on included wing area) between the subsonic level and the peak supersonic drag coefficient at the maximum Mach number of this test. The base drag coefficient measured on this model varied from a value of -0,0015 in the subsonic range to a maximum of about 0.0020 at a Mach number of 1.28, Drag coefficients for the equivalent-body models varied from about 0.125 (based on body maximum area) in the subsonic range to about 0.300 at a Mach number of 1.25. Increasing the total fineness ratio by a small amount raised the drag-rise Mach number slightly.

Army Groundwater Modeling Use and Needs Workshop

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

MA 7th and C Street Coomerce City, CO 80022 (303) 289-0419 ES Appendx E List of A.hue Publ, reportingWoo b f orl0 This co0 rtionl of ,Miflrmat,0...Appendix C: Survey Form ................................. CI Appendix D: Panel Objectives, Members, and Topics .............. DI Appendix E : List of...contributed to the planning and organization of the workshop: Mr. Tony Dardeau, Ms. Cheryl Lloyd, Dr. Paul R. Schroeder, Mr. Mark E . Zappi, Mr

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in chronic ischaemic stroke.

PubMed

Lake, Evelyn M R; Bazzigaluppi, Paolo; Stefanovic, Bojana

2016-10-05

Ischaemic stroke is the leading cause of adult disability worldwide. Effective rehabilitation is hindered by uncertainty surrounding the underlying mechanisms that govern long-term ischaemic injury progression. Despite its potential as a sensitive non-invasive in vivo marker of brain function that may aid in the development of new treatments, blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has found limited application in the clinical research on chronic stage stroke progression. Stroke affects each of the physiological parameters underlying the BOLD contrast, markedly complicating the interpretation of BOLD fMRI data. This review summarizes current progress on application of BOLD fMRI in the chronic stage of ischaemic injury progression and discusses means by which more information may be gained from such BOLD fMRI measurements. Concomitant measurements of vascular reactivity, neuronal activity and metabolism in preclinical models of stroke are reviewed along with illustrative examples of post-ischaemic evolution in neuronal, glial and vascular function. The realization of the BOLD fMRI potential to propel stroke research is predicated on the carefully designed preclinical research establishing an ischaemia-specific quantitative model of BOLD signal contrast to provide the framework for interpretation of fMRI findings in clinical populations.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'. © 2016 The Author(s).

Epidermal ablation of Dlx3 is linked to IL-17–associated skin inflammation

PubMed Central

Hwang, Joonsung; Kita, Ryosuke; Kwon, Hyouk-Soo; Choi, Eung Ho; Lee, Seung Hun; Udey, Mark C.; Morasso, Maria I.

2011-01-01

In an effort to understand the role of Distal-less 3 (Dlx3) in cutaneous biology and pathophysiology, we generated and characterized a mouse model with epidermal ablation of Dlx3. K14cre;Dlx3Kin/f mice exhibited epidermal hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes. Results from subsequent analyses revealed cutaneous inflammation that featured accumulation of IL-17–producing CD4+ T, CD8+ T, and γδ T cells in the skin and lymph nodes of K14cre;Dlx3Kin/f mice. The gene expression signature of K14cre;Dlx3Kin/f skin shared features with lesional psoriatic skin, and Dlx3 expression was markedly and selectively decreased in psoriatic skin. Interestingly, cultured Dlx3 null keratinocytes triggered cytokine production that is potentially linked to inflammatory responses in K14cre;Dlx3Kin/f mice. Thus, Dlx3 ablation in epidermis is linked to altered epidermal differentiation, barrier development, and IL-17–associated skin inflammation. This model provides a platform that will allow the systematic exploration of the contributions of keratinocytes to cutaneous inflammation. PMID:21709238

Improving Cancer Detection and Dose Efficiency in Dedicated Breast Cancer CT

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

17. A. E. Burgess, F. L. Jacobson, and P. F. Judy , “ Human observer detection experiments with mammograms and power-law noise,” Med. Phys., Vol. 28...Jacobson F L and Judy P F 2001 Human observer detection experiments with mammograms and power-law noise Med. Phys. 28 419–37 Crawford C R and Kak A C 1979...anthropomorphic head phantom was designed for realistically simulating human head [12], it features not only a natural human skeleton but also contrast

Dynamic modeling of neuronal responses in fMRI using cubature Kalman filtering

PubMed Central

Havlicek, Martin; Friston, Karl J.; Jan, Jiri; Brazdil, Milan; Calhoun, Vince D.

2011-01-01

This paper presents a new approach to inverting (fitting) models of coupled dynamical systems based on state-of-the-art (cubature) Kalman filtering. Crucially, this inversion furnishes posterior estimates of both the hidden states and parameters of a system, including any unknown exogenous input. Because the underlying generative model is formulated in continuous time (with a discrete observation process) it can be applied to a wide variety of models specified with either ordinary or stochastic differential equations. These are an important class of models that are particularly appropriate for biological time-series, where the underlying system is specified in terms of kinetics or dynamics (i.e., dynamic causal models). We provide comparative evaluations with generalized Bayesian filtering (dynamic expectation maximization) and demonstrate marked improvements in accuracy and computational efficiency. We compare the schemes using a series of difficult (nonlinear) toy examples and conclude with a special focus on hemodynamic models of evoked brain responses in fMRI. Our scheme promises to provide a significant advance in characterizing the functional architectures of distributed neuronal systems, even in the absence of known exogenous (experimental) input; e.g., resting state fMRI studies and spontaneous fluctuations in electrophysiological studies. Importantly, unlike current Bayesian filters (e.g. DEM), our scheme provides estimates of time-varying parameters, which we will exploit in future work on the adaptation and enabling of connections in the brain. PMID:21396454

Modeling the survival of Salmonella spp. in chorizos.

PubMed

Hajmeer, M; Basheer, I; Hew, C; Cliver, D O

2006-03-01

The survival of Salmonella spp. in chorizos has been studied under the effect of storage conditions; namely temperature (T=6, 25, 30 degrees C), air inflow velocity (F=0, 28.4 m/min), and initial water activity (a(w0)=0.85, 0.90, 0.93, 0.95, 0.97). The pH was held at 5.0. A total of 20 survival curves were experimentally obtained at various combinations of operating conditions. The chorizos were stored under four conditions: in the refrigerator (Ref: T=6 degrees C, F=0 m/min), at room temperature (RT: T=25 degrees C, F=0 m/min), in the hood (Hd: T=25 degrees C, F=28.4 m/min), and in the incubator (Inc: T=30 degrees C, F=0 m/min). Semi-logarithmic plots of counts vs. time revealed nonlinear trends for all the survival curves, indicating that the first-order kinetics model (exponential distribution function) was not suitable. The Weibull cumulative distribution function, for which the exponential function is only a special case, was selected and used to model the survival curves. The Weibull model was fitted to the 20 curves and the model parameters (alpha and beta) were determined. The fitted survival curves agreed with the experimental data with R(2)=0.951, 0.969, 0.908, and 0.871 for the Ref, RT, Hd, and Inc curves, respectively. Regression models relating alpha and beta to T, F, and a(w0) resulted in R(2) values of 0.975 for alpha and 0.988 for beta. The alpha and beta models can be used to generate a survival curve for Salmonella in chorizos for a given set of operating conditions. Additionally, alpha and beta can be used to determine the times needed to reduce the count by 1 or 2 logs t(1D) and t(2D). It is concluded that the Weibull cumulative distribution function offers a powerful model for describing microbial survival data. A comparison with the pathogen modeling program (PMP) revealed that the survival kinetics of Salmonella spp. in chorizos could not be adequately predicted using PMP which underestimated the t(1D) and t(2D). The mean of the Weibull probability density function correlated strongly with t(1D) and t(2D), and can serve as an alternative to the D-values normally used with first-order kinetic models. Parametric studies were conducted and sensitivity of survival to operating conditions was evaluated and discussed in the paper. The models derived herein provide a means for the development of a reliable risk assessment system for controlling Salmonella spp. in chorizos.

Evolution of the f σ8 tension with the Planck15 /Λ CDM determination and implications for modified gravity theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazantzidis, Lavrentios; Perivolaropoulos, Leandros

2018-05-01

We construct an updated extended compilation of distinct (but possibly correlated) f σ8(z ) redshift space distortion (RSD) data published between 2006 and 2018. It consists of 63 datapoints and is significantly larger than previously used similar data sets. After fiducial model correction we obtain the best fit Ω0 m-σ8 Λ CDM parameters and show that they are at a 5 σ tension with the corresponding Planck15 /Λ CDM values. Introducing a nontrivial covariance matrix correlating randomly 20% of the RSD datapoints has no significant effect on the above tension level. We show that the tension disappears (becomes less than 1 σ ) when a subsample of the 20 most recently published data is used. A partial cause for this reduced tension is the fact that more recent data tend to probe higher redshifts (with higher errorbars) where there is degeneracy among different models due to matter domination. Allowing for a nontrivial evolution of the effective Newton's constant as Geff(z )/GN=1 +ga(z/1+z ) 2-ga(z/1+z ) 4 (ga is a parameter) and fixing a Planck15 /Λ CDM background we find ga=-0.91 ±0.17 from the full f σ8 data set while the 20 earliest and 20 latest datapoints imply ga=-1.28-0.26+0.28 and ga=-0.4 3-0.41+0.46 respectively. Thus, the more recent f σ8 data appear to favor GR in contrast to earlier data. Finally, we show that the parametrization f σ8(z )=λ σ8Ω (z )γ/(1 +z )β provides an excellent fit to the solution of the growth equation for both GR (ga=0 ) and modified gravity (ga≠0 ).

Population pharmacokinetics of lyophilized recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (recombinant exendin-4, rE-4) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
.

PubMed

Zang, Yan-Nan; Zhang, Min-Jie; Wang, Yi-Tong; Wang, Chen; Wang, Qian; Zheng, Qing-Shan; Ji, Li-Nong; Guo, Wei; Fang, Yi

2017-08-01

To investigate the population pharmacokinetics of lyophilized recombinant glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (rE-4) in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) for plasma concentration estimation and individualized treatment. Twelve patients with T2DM were enrolled to receive subcutaneous injections of rE-4 at 5 µg twice daily for 84 days. Administration dosage was adjusted from 5 µg to 10 µg twice daily at day 29 in case of glycated albumin (GA) ≥ 17%. The population pharmacokinetic model was developed in the nonlinear mixed-effects modeling software NONMEM. The data were best described by a two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination. The outcome parameters were as follows: apparent clearance (CL/F) 6.67 L/h, apparent distribution volume of central compartment (V_c/F) 19.4 L, absorption rate constant (K_a) 1.39 h^-1, apparent distribution volume of peripheral compartment (V_p/F) 22.6 L, intercompartmental clearance (Q/F) 1.28 L/h. The interindividual variabilities for CL/F, V_c/F, K_a, and Q/F were 64.4%, 57.7%, 45.5%, and 153.3%, respectively. The intra-individual variability of proportional error model was 41.7%. No covariate was screened out that showed significant influence on the model parameters. The established two-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination successfully described the pharmacokinetic characteristics of rE-4 in Chinese patients with T2DM.
.

Energetic Materials - Technology, Manufacturing and Processing, 27th International Annual Conference of ICT June 25 - June 28, 1996 Karisruhe, Federal Republic of Germany.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-02-01

PROPELLANTS WITH VARYING COMPOSITION L.F. Dimaranan, I. Lee, F.E. Hudson III V12 A COMBUSTION MODEL FOR AN/HTPB-IPDI COMPOSITE SOLID PROPELLANTS P... COMPOSITE PROPELLANTS WITH A LOW PRESSURE EXPONENT SUITABLE FOR NOZZLELESS BOOSTER MOTORS G.J. van Zyl V21 PROPERTIES OF AN AND PSAN/GAP-PROPELLANTS K...APPLICATION B.N. Kondrikov SENSITIVITY TO PROJECTILE IMPACT OF PRE-HEATED EXPLOSIVE COMPOSITIONS H.Cherin, D. Lemoine, L. Gautier VULNERABILITY TESTING OF

Preliminary MIPCC Enhanced F-4 and F-15 Preformance Characteristics for a First Stage Reusable Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kloesel, Kurt J.; Clark, Casie M.

2013-01-01

Performance increases in turbojet engines can theoretically be achieved through Mass Injection Pre-Compressor Cooling (MIPCC), a process involving injecting water or oxidizer or both into an afterburning turbojet engine. The injection of water results in pre-compressor cooling, allowing the propulsion system to operate at high altitudes and Mach numbers. In this way, a MIPCC-enhanced turbojet engine could be used to power the first stage of a reusable launch vehicle or be integrated into an existing aircraft that could launch a 100-lbm payload to a reference 100-nm altitude orbit at 28 deg inclination. The two possible candidates for MIPCC flight demonstration that are evaluated in this study are the F-4 Phantom II airplane and the F-15 Eagle airplane (both of McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois), powered by two General Electric Company (Fairfield, Connecticut) J79 engines and two Pratt & Whitney (East Hartford, Connecticut) F100-PW-100 engines, respectively. This paper presents a conceptual discussion of the theoretical performance of each of these aircraft using MIPCC propulsion techniques. Trajectory studies were completed with the Optimal Trajectories by Implicit Simulation (OTIS) software (NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio) for a standard F-4 airplane and a standard F-15 airplane. Standard aircraft simulation models were constructed, and the thrust in each was altered in accordance with estimated MIPCC performance characteristics. The MIPCC and production aircraft model results were then reviewed to assess the feasibility of a MIPCC-enhanced propulsion system for use as a first-stage reusable launch vehicle; it was determined that the MIPCC-enhanced F-15 model showed a significant performance advantage over the MIPCC-enhanced F-4 model.

Preliminary MIPCC Enhanced F-4 and F-15 Performance Characteristics for a First Stage Reusable Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kloesel, Kurt J.

2013-01-01

Performance increases in turbojet engines can theoretically be achieved through Mass Injection Pre-Compressor Cooling (MIPCC), a process involving injecting water or oxidizer or both into an afterburning turbojet engine. The injection of water results in pre-compressor cooling, allowing the propulsion system to operate at high altitudes and Mach numbers. In this way, a MIPCC-enhanced turbojet engine could be used to power the first stage of a reusable launch vehicle or be integrated into an existing aircraft that could launch a 100-lbm payload to a reference 100-nm altitude orbit at 28 deg inclination. The two possible candidates for MIPCC flight demonstration that are evaluated in this study are the F-4 Phantom II airplane and the F-15 Eagle airplane (both of McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois), powered by two General Electric Company (Fairfield, Connecticut) J79 engines and two Pratt & Whitney (East Hartford, Connecticut) F100-PW-100 engines, respectively. This paper presents a conceptual discussion of the theoretical performance of each of these aircraft using MIPCC propulsion techniques. Trajectory studies were completed with the Optimal Trajectories by Implicit Simulation (OTIS) software (NASA Glenn Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio) for a standard F-4 airplane and a standard F-15 airplane. Standard aircraft simulation models were constructed, and the thrust in each was altered in accordance with estimated MIPCC performance characteristics. The MIPCC and production aircraft model results were then reviewed to assess the feasibility of a MIPCC-enhanced propulsion system for use as a first-stage reusable launch vehicle; it was determined that the MIPCC-enhanced F-15 model showed a significant performance advantage over the MIPCC-enhanced F-4 model.

Multigeneration effects of insect growth regulators on the springtail Folsomia candida.

PubMed

Campiche, Sophie; L'Ambert, Grégory; Tarradellas, Joseph; Becker-van Slooten, Kristin

2007-06-01

Multigeneration tests are very useful for the assessment of long term toxicity of pollutants such as endocrine disruptor compounds. In this study, multigeneration reproduction tests adapted from the ISO standard 11267 were conducted with the Collembola Folsomia candida. Springtails were exposed to artificial soil contaminated with four insect growth regulators (methoprene, fenoxycarb, teflubenzuron, and precocene II) according to two different experimental set-ups. In the first set-up, the parental generation (F(0)) of Collembola was exposed to a pollutant for 28 days. Juveniles from the F(1) generation were transferred to uncontaminated soil for another 28-day period to generate the F(2) generation. In the second set-up, the F(0) generation was exposed to a pollutant for 10 days before being transferred to uncontaminated soil to reproduce. After 18-28 days, juveniles from the F(1) were transferred to clean soil to generate the F(2) generation. An effect on the number of hatched juveniles of the F(2) generation was observed for methoprene after exposure of the F(0) for 28 days and hatching of F(1) in contaminated soil. For methoprene and teflubenzuron, significant effects were even observed on the F(2) generation with the second experimental set-up, when only the F(0) generation was exposed for 10 days. This shows that the impact of these substances is transgenerational, which can have important consequences for the population of these or other organisms. No effect on the F(2) generation was observed with fenoxycarb and precocene II with the 10-day exposure experiment. Our results show that the developed experimental procedures are appropriate to assess the long term effects of endocrine disrupting compounds on the reproduction of the non-target species F. candida. Another important finding is that two substances with the same predicted mode of action (i.e., the two juvenile hormone analogues fenoxycarb and methoprene) do not necessarily affect the same endpoints in F. candida.

Hydrocarbon oxidation by beta-halogenated dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrin complexes: effect of reduction potential (RuVI/V) and C-H bond-dissociation energy on rate constants.

PubMed

Che, Chi-Ming; Zhang, Jun-Long; Zhang, Rui; Huang, Jie-Sheng; Lai, Tat-Shing; Tsui, Wai-Man; Zhou, Xiang-Ge; Zhou, Zhong-Yuan; Zhu, Nianyong; Chang, Chi Kwong

2005-11-18

beta-Halogenated dioxoruthenium(VI) porphyrin complexes [Ru(VI)(F(28)-tpp)O(2)] [F(28)-tpp=2,3,7,8,12,13, 17,18-octafluoro-5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato(2-)] and [Ru(VI)(beta-Br(8)-tmp)O(2)] [beta-Br(8)-tmp=2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octabromo-5,10,15,20- tetrakis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)porphyrinato(2-)] were prepared from reactions of [Ru(II)(por)(CO)] [por=porphyrinato(2-)] with m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid in CH(2)Cl(2). Reactions of [Ru(VI)(por)O(2)] with excess PPh(3) in CH(2)Cl(2) gave [Ru(II)(F(20)-tpp)(PPh(3))(2)] [F(20)-tpp=5,10,15,20-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)porphyrinato(2-)] and [Ru(II)(F(28)-tpp)(PPh(3))(2)]. The structures of [Ru(II)(por)(CO)(H(2)O)] and [Ru(II)(por)(PPh(3))(2)] (por=F(20)-tpp, F(28)-tpp) were determined by X-ray crystallography, revealing the effect of beta-fluorination of the porphyrin ligand on the coordination of axial ligands to ruthenium atom. The X-ray crystal structure of [Ru(VI)(F(20)-tpp)O(2)] shows a Ru=O bond length of 1.718(3) A. Electrochemical reduction of [Ru(VI)(por)O(2)] (Ru(VI) to Ru(V)) is irreversible or quasi-reversible, with the E(p,c)(Ru(VI/V)) spanning -0.31 to -1.15 V versus Cp(2)Fe(+/0). Kinetic studies were performed for the reactions of various [Ru(VI)(por)O(2)], including [Ru(VI)(F(28)-tpp)O(2)] and [Ru(VI)(beta-Br(8)-tmp)O(2)], with para-substituted styrenes p-X-C(6)H(4)CH=CH(2) (X=H, F, Cl, Me, MeO), cis- and trans-beta-methylstyrene, cyclohexene, norbornene, ethylbenzene, cumene, 9,10-dihydroanthracene, xanthene, and fluorene. The second-order rate constants (k(2)) obtained for the hydrocarbon oxidations by [Ru(VI)(F(28)-tpp)O(2)] are up to 28-fold larger than by [Ru(VI)(F(20)-tpp)O(2)]. Dual-parameter Hammett correlation implies that the styrene oxidation by [Ru(VI)(F(28)-tpp)O(2)] should involve rate-limiting generation of a benzylic radical intermediate, and the spin delocalization effect is more important than the polar effect. The k(2) values for the oxidation of styrene and ethylbenzene by [Ru(VI)(por)O(2)] increase with E(p,c)(Ru(VI/V)), and there is a linear correlation between log k(2) and E(p,c)(Ru(VI/V)). The small slope (approximately 2 V(-1)) of the log k(2) versus E(p,c)(Ru(VI/V)) plot suggests that the extent of charge transfer is small in the rate-determining step of the hydrocarbon oxidations. The rate constants correlate well with the C-H bond dissociation energies, in favor of a hydrogen-atom abstraction mechanism.

Further X-Ray Observations of EXO 0748-676 in Quiescence: Evidence for a Cooling Neutron Star Crust

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

Satellite Date ∆t Pow. frac. kT∞eff FX F th bol Lbol Red. χ 2 (days) (%) (eV) (d.o.f.) Swift† 2008-09-28 – 2008-10-07 4.9 10 fix 123.7± 5.4 1.31± 0.22 1.53...fixed. The quoted errors represent 90% confidence levels. FX represents the 0.5–10 keV total model flux and F thbol gives the 0.01–100 keV NSATMOS...Miller J. M., Wijnands R., 2010, submitted to ApJ Campana S., 2003, preprint ( astro -ph/0311212) Campana S., Colpi M., Mereghetti S., Stella L

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, MS Brown juggles food containers on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-13-013 (August 1989) --- Astronaut Mark N. Brown, STS-28 mission specialist, assembles various components of a meal at the stowage locker area of Columbia's middeck, as James C. Adamson, mission specialist, looks on.

Comparison of Allogeneic and Syngeneic Rat Glioma Models by Using MRI and Histopathologic Evaluation.

PubMed

Biasibetti, Elena; Valazza, Alberto; Capucchio, Maria T; Annovazzi, Laura; Battaglia, Luigi; Chirio, Daniela; Gallarate, Marina; Mellai, Marta; Muntoni, Elisabetta; Peira, Elena; Riganti, Chiara; Schiffer, Davide; Panciani, Pierpaolo; Lanotte, Michele

2017-03-01

Research in neurooncology traditionally requires appropriate in vivo animal models, on which therapeutic strategies are tested before human trials are designed and proceed. Several reproducible animal experimental models, in which human physiologic conditions can be mimicked, are available for studying glioblastoma multiforme. In an ideal rat model, the tumor is of glial origin, grows in predictable and reproducible patterns, closely resembles human gliomas histopathologically, and is weakly or nonimmunogenic. In the current study, we used MRI and histopathologic evaluation to compare the most widely used allogeneic rat glioma model, C6-Wistar, with the F98-Fischer syngeneic rat glioma model in terms of percentage tumor growth or regression and growth rate. In vivo MRI demonstrated considerable variation in tumor volume and frequency between the 2 rat models despite the same stereotactic implantation technique. Faster and more reproducible glioma growth occurred in the immunoresponsive environment of the F98-Fischer model, because the immune response is minimized toward syngeneic cells. The marked inability of the C6-Wistar allogeneic system to generate a reproducible model and the episodes of spontaneous tumor regression with this system may have been due to the increased humoral and cellular immune responses after tumor implantation.

Radiation Protection Effectiveness of Polymeric Based Shielding Materials at Low Earth Orbit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Badavi, Francis F.; Stewart-Sloan, Charlotte R.; Wilson, John W.; Adams, Daniel O.

2008-01-01

Correlations of limited ionizing radiation measurements onboard the Space Transportation System (STS; shuttle) and the International Space Station (ISS) with numerical simulations of charged particle transport through spacecraft structure have indicated that usage of hydrogen rich polymeric materials improves the radiation shielding performance of space structures as compared to the traditionally used aluminum alloys. We discuss herein the radiation shielding correlations between measurements on board STS-81 (Atlantis, 1997) using four polyethylene (PE) spheres of varying radii, and STS-89 (Endeavour, 1998) using aluminum alloy spheres; with numerical simulations of charged particle transport using the Langley Research Center (LaRC)-developed High charge (Z) and Energy TRaNsport (HZETRN) algorithm. In the simulations, the Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) component of the ionizing radiation environment at Low Earth Orbit (LEO) covering ions in the 1< or equals Z< or equals 28 range is represented by O'Neill's (2004) model. To compute the transmission coefficient for GCR ions at LEO, O'Neill's model is coupled with the angular dependent LaRC cutoff model. The trapped protons/electrons component of LEO environment is represented by a LaRC-developed time dependent procedure which couples the AP8min/AP8max, Deep River Neutron Monitor (DRNM) and F10.7 solar radio frequency measurements. The albedo neutron environment resulting from interaction of GCR ions with upper atmosphere is modeled through extrapolation of the Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation (AIR) measurements. With the validity of numerical simulations through correlation with PE and aluminum spheres measurements established, we further present results from the expansion of the simulations through the selection of high hydrogen content commercially available polymeric constituents such as PE foam core and Spectra fiber(Registered TradeMark) composite face sheet to assess their radiation shield properties as compared to generic PE.

46 CFR 42.13-30 - Lines to be used with the load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) The following load lines shall be used: (1) The summer load line indicated by the upper edge of the... T. (5) The fresh water load line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The fresh water load line in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. The difference between the fresh water load...

46 CFR 42.13-30 - Lines to be used with the load line mark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) The following load lines shall be used: (1) The summer load line indicated by the upper edge of the... T. (5) The fresh water load line in summer indicated by the upper edge of a line marked F. The fresh water load line in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. The difference between the fresh water load...

Shipyard Marking Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

K ( 7 ) D , SOAPSTONE ( 1 3 ) E. lNK (5) F. CRAYON OR PAINT STICK (14) G.DYE (1) H . PE N C I L ( 1 ) 1. ELECTRIC ENGRAVING (1) 2. WHO MANUFACTURES...CHALK ( 2 ) D . DYE (1) H, SOAPSTONE (4) 4. W HAT TYPE OF DISPENSING METHOD IS UTILIZED WITH MARKING MATERIALS? A . BALL POINT TUBE ( 1 3 ) H , STEEL...9 ) L, BAMBOO PEN & INK POT F. SOAPSTONE (12) M . OIL PENCIL ( 1 ) G . L A C S T I C K ( 0 ) N . ELECTRI c ENGRAVER (1) 5, ARE STANDARD COLORS

29 CFR 776.28 - Covered preparatory activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... claims, surveying, clearing the land, assembling materials and equipment, erecting sheds, derricks or.... 28 Devine v. Levy, 39 F. Supp. 44. 29 Straughn v. Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp., 72 F. Supp. 511... to the Act, preliminary activities, such as surveying, clearing, draining and leveling the land...

29 CFR 776.28 - Covered preparatory activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... claims, surveying, clearing the land, assembling materials and equipment, erecting sheds, derricks or.... 28 Devine v. Levy, 39 F. Supp. 44. 29 Straughn v. Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp., 72 F. Supp. 511... to the Act, preliminary activities, such as surveying, clearing, draining and leveling the land...

29 CFR 776.28 - Covered preparatory activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... claims, surveying, clearing the land, assembling materials and equipment, erecting sheds, derricks or.... 28 Devine v. Levy, 39 F. Supp. 44. 29 Straughn v. Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp., 72 F. Supp. 511... to the Act, preliminary activities, such as surveying, clearing, draining and leveling the land...

29 CFR 776.28 - Covered preparatory activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... claims, surveying, clearing the land, assembling materials and equipment, erecting sheds, derricks or.... 28 Devine v. Levy, 39 F. Supp. 44. 29 Straughn v. Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp., 72 F. Supp. 511... to the Act, preliminary activities, such as surveying, clearing, draining and leveling the land...

29 CFR 776.28 - Covered preparatory activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... claims, surveying, clearing the land, assembling materials and equipment, erecting sheds, derricks or.... 28 Devine v. Levy, 39 F. Supp. 44. 29 Straughn v. Schlumberger Well Surveying Corp., 72 F. Supp. 511... to the Act, preliminary activities, such as surveying, clearing, draining and leveling the land...

Transition region fluxes in A-F Dwarfs: Basal fluxes and dynamo activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walter, Frederick M.; Schrijver, Carolus J.; Boyd, William

1988-01-01

The transition region spectra of 87 late A and early F dwarfs and subgiants were analyzed. The emission line fluxes are uniformly strong in the early F stars, and drop off rapidly among the late A stars. The basal flux level in the F stars is consistent with an extrapolation of that observed among the G stars, while the magnetic component displays the same flux-flux relations seen among solar-like stars. Despite the steep decrease in transition region emission flux for B-V less than 0.28, C II emission is detected in alpha Aql (B-V = 0.22). The dropoff in emission is inconsistent with models of the mechanically generated acoustic flux available. It is concluded that, although the nonmagnetic basal heating is an increasingly important source of atmospheric heating among the early F stars, magnetic heating occurs in any star which has a sufficiently thick convective zone to generate acoustic heating.

Activity of physalin F in a collagen-induced arthritis model.

PubMed

Brustolim, Daniele; Vasconcelos, Juliana F; Freitas, Luiz Antônio R; Teixeira, Mauro M; Farias, Marcel T; Ribeiro, Yvone M; Tomassini, Therezinha C B; Oliveira, Geraldo G S; Pontes-de-Carvalho, Lain C; Ribeiro-dos-Santos, Ricardo; Soares, Milena B P

2010-08-27

The effects of physalin F (1), a steroid derivative purified from Physalis angulata, were investigated in models of collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1 mice and allergic airway inflammation in BALB/c mice. Oral treatment with 1 or dexamethasone caused a marked decrease in paw edema and joint inflammation when compared to vehicle-treated arthritic mice. In contrast, treatment with 1 had no effect in mice with allergic airway inflammation caused by ovalbumin immunization, whereas dexamethasone significantly reduced the number of inflammatory cells and eosinophils in the broncoalveolar lavage fluid and in lung sections of challenged mice. To further demonstrate that 1 acts through a mechanism different from that of glucocorticoids, a nuclear translocation assay was performed of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) using COS-7 cells transfected with a plasmid encoding for a yellow fluorescent protein (YFP)-GR fusion protein. Untreated or treated cells with 1 had YFP staining mainly in the cytoplasm, whereas in dexamethasone-treated cells the YFP staining was concentrated in the nuclei. It is concluded that the mechanism of the immunosuppressive activity of physalin F is distinct from that of the glucocorticoids.

Myosin-induced volume increase of the hyper-mobile water surrounding actin filaments.

PubMed

Suzuki, Makoto; Kabir, Syed Rashel; Siddique, Md Shahjahan Parvez; Nazia, Umme Salma; Miyazaki, Takashi; Kodama, Takao

2004-09-10

Microwave dielectric spectroscopy can measure the rotational mobility of water molecules that hydrate proteins and the hydration-shell volume. Using this technique, we have recently shown that apart from typical hydrating water molecules with lowered mobility there are other water molecules around the actin filaments (F-actin) which have a much higher mobility than that of bulk water [Biophys. J. 85 (2003) 3154]. We report here that the volume of this water component (hyper-mobile water) markedly increases without significant change of the volume of the ordinary hydration shell when the myosin motor-domain (S1, myosin subfragment-1) binds to F-actin. No hyper-mobile component was found in the hydration shell of S1 itself. The present results strongly suggest that the solvent space around S1 bound to F-actin is diffusionally asymmetric, which supports our model of force generation by actomyosin proposed previously [op. cit.].

The transcription factor Etv5 controls TH17 cell development and allergic airway inflammation

PubMed Central

Pham, Duy; Sehra, Sarita; Sun, Xin; Kaplan, Mark H.

2014-01-01

Background The differentiation of TH17 cells, which promote pulmonary inflammation, requires the cooperation of a network of transcription factors. Objectives We sought to define the role of Etv5, an Ets-family transcription factor, in TH17 cell development and function. Methods TH17 development was examined in primary mouse T cells wherein Etv5 expression was altered by retroviral transduction, small interfering RNA targeting a specific gene, and mice with a conditional deletion of Etv5 in T cells. The direct function of Etv5 on the Il17 locus was tested with chromatin immunoprecipitation and reporter assays. The house dust mite–induced allergic inflammation model was used to test the requirement for Etv5-dependent TH17 functions in vivo. Results We identify Etv5 as a signal transducer and activator of transcription 3–induced positive regulator of TH17 development. Etv5 controls TH17 differentiation by directly promoting 0a and Il17f expression. Etv5 recruits histone-modifying enzymes to the Il17a–Il17f locus, resulting in increased active histone marks and decreased repressive histone marks. In a model of allergic airway inflammation, mice with Etv5-deficient T cells have reduced airway inflammation and IL-17A/F production in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid compared with wild-type mice, without changes in TH2 cytokine production. Conclusions These data define signal transducer and activator of transcription 3–dependent feed-forward control of TH17 cytokine production and a novel role for Etv5 in promoting T cell–dependent airway inflammation. PMID:24486067

Replacement of Chromium Electroplating on Gas Turbine Engine Components Using Thermal Spray Coatings

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-20

Composition, Wgt % Powder Composition, Wgt % Powder WC/17Co Diamalloy 2005 WC/17Co Metco 73F-NS-1 Cr3C2-20 (Ni,Cr) Amdry 5260/Diam 3007 Co-28 Mo - 8 Cr-2...Si** Metco 66F-NS Co-28 Mo -17 Cr-3 Si* Diamalloy 3001 Co-28 Mo - 8 Cr-2 Si** Diamalloy 3002 * Tribaloy 800 ** Tribaloy 400 20 4.4. Coating...Work WC/17Co Diamalloy 2005 Yes -- Cr3C2-20 (Ni,Cr) Amdry 5260/Diam 3007 -- Yes Co-28 Mo -17 Cr-3 Si* Diamalloy 3001 -- Yes Co-28 Mo - 8 Cr-2 Si

Sex differences in prefrontal hemodynamic response to mental arithmetic as assessed by near-infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

Yang, Hongyu; Wang, Ying; Zhou, Zhenyu; Gong, Hui; Luo, Qingming; Wang, Yiwen; Lu, Zuhong

2009-12-01

Sex differences in cognitive tasks have been widely investigated. With brain-imaging techniques, the functions of the brain during the performance of tasks can be examined. Mental arithmetic and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) were used to assess sex differences in prefrontal area activation in a functional brain study. Healthy college students were recruited to perform 2 mental arithmetic tasks. In the first (easy) task, students had to subtract a 1-digit number from a 3-digit number. In the second (difficult) task, they had to subtract a 2-digit number from a 3-digit number. Changes in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin (oxy-Hgb) in the prefrontal area during the tasks were measured with NIRS. Thirty students (15 men, 15 women; mean [SD] age: 24.9 [2.2] and 24.3 [2.6] years, respectively) were recruited from Southeast University, Nanjing, China, to participate in the study. The concentration of oxy-Hgb increased during both mental arithmetic tasks (difficult task vs easy task, mean [SD] % arbitrary units: 4.36 [4.38] vs 2.26 [2.82]; F(1,28) = 222.80; P < 0.01). Significant interactions of task x sex (F(1,28) = 82.95), time x sex (F(1,28) = 34.48), task x time (F(1,28) = 222.57), and task x time x sex (F(1,28) = 83.09) were obtained (all, P < 0.01). However, for the 2 tasks, no significant differences between men and women were observed in the mean (SD) response time (men vs women, sec: 3.60 [0.74] vs 3.56 [0.49] for the easy task, 6.55 [0.77] vs 6.44 [0.75] for the difficult task; F(1,28) = 0.67; P = NS) or accuracy rate (men vs women, %: 95.33 [7.40] vs 92.77 [8.80] for the easy task, 62.67 [28.56] vs 54.67 [18.75] for the difficult task; F(1,28) = 0.54; P = NS). Male students showed neural efficiency (less prefrontal activation in subjects with better performance) during the difficult task. In these subjects, sex differences in prefrontal response when performing mental arithmetic were associated with the intensity of the task. Compared with men, women had greater efficiency in task performance (ie, less activation or oxygen consumption for equal performance). Copyright 2009 Excerpta Medica Inc. All rights reserved.

Dynamical behavior of the Tolman metrics in f (R ,T ) gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansraj, Sudan; Banerjee, Ayan

2018-05-01

We analyze the behavior of well-known stellar models within the context of f (R ,T ) modified theory of gravity, in which the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor T , namely f (R ,T )=R +2 χ T for some constant χ . The equation of pressure isotropy in this theory is identical to that of the standard Einstein theory therefore all known metric potentials solving Einstein's equations are valid here. However, the pressure and energy density profiles are markedly different due to the presence of the term 2 χ T . The exact solutions to the corresponding static spherically symmetric field equations with a perfect fluid source are the well known Tolman solutions [Phys. Rev. 55, 364 (1939), 10.1103/PhysRev.55.364] in general relativity. To support the theoretical results, graphical representation are employed to investigate the physical viability of compact stars. Specifically we study the density and pressure profiles, the sound speed behavior as well as the energy conditions and mass behavior where appropriate. It is found that in some cases the f (R ,T ) model displays more pleasing behavior than its Einstein counterpart while in other cases the behavior is similar. In no case does the 2 χ T addition negatively impact the model's behavior.

Actin assembly factors regulate the gelation kinetics and architecture of F-actin networks.

PubMed

Falzone, Tobias T; Oakes, Patrick W; Sees, Jennifer; Kovar, David R; Gardel, Margaret L

2013-04-16

Dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is required for diverse cellular processes. Proteins regulating the assembly kinetics of the cytoskeletal biopolymer F-actin are known to impact the architecture of actin cytoskeletal networks in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that changes to actin assembly kinetics with physiologically relevant proteins profilin and formin (mDia1 and Cdc12) have dramatic consequences on the architecture and gelation kinetics of otherwise biochemically identical cross-linked F-actin networks. Reduced F-actin nucleation rates promote the formation of a sparse network of thick bundles, whereas increased nucleation rates result in a denser network of thinner bundles. Changes to F-actin elongation rates also have marked consequences. At low elongation rates, gelation ceases and a solution of rigid bundles is formed. By contrast, rapid filament elongation accelerates dynamic arrest and promotes gelation with minimal F-actin density. These results are consistent with a recently developed model of how kinetic constraints regulate network architecture and underscore how molecular control of polymer assembly is exploited to modulate cytoskeletal architecture and material properties. Copyright © 2013 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Actin Assembly Factors Regulate the Gelation Kinetics and Architecture of F-actin Networks

PubMed Central

Falzone, Tobias T.; Oakes, Patrick W.; Sees, Jennifer; Kovar, David R.; Gardel, Margaret L.

2013-01-01

Dynamic regulation of the actin cytoskeleton is required for diverse cellular processes. Proteins regulating the assembly kinetics of the cytoskeletal biopolymer F-actin are known to impact the architecture of actin cytoskeletal networks in vivo, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Here, we demonstrate that changes to actin assembly kinetics with physiologically relevant proteins profilin and formin (mDia1 and Cdc12) have dramatic consequences on the architecture and gelation kinetics of otherwise biochemically identical cross-linked F-actin networks. Reduced F-actin nucleation rates promote the formation of a sparse network of thick bundles, whereas increased nucleation rates result in a denser network of thinner bundles. Changes to F-actin elongation rates also have marked consequences. At low elongation rates, gelation ceases and a solution of rigid bundles is formed. By contrast, rapid filament elongation accelerates dynamic arrest and promotes gelation with minimal F-actin density. These results are consistent with a recently developed model of how kinetic constraints regulate network architecture and underscore how molecular control of polymer assembly is exploited to modulate cytoskeletal architecture and material properties. PMID:23601318

[Effect of electroacupuncture of different acupoints on the excitability of detrusor muscle and the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal cord of rats with urinary retention due to spinal cord injury].

PubMed

Wang, Jun-hua; Chen, Bang-guo; Yin, Jing; Wang, Gang; Zou, Wei-Geng; Luo, Xiao-juan

2009-12-01

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) of different acupoints on the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosine receptor kinase B (TrkB) in the spinal cord and the excitability of detrusor muscle of the uninary bladder in rats with urinary retention owing to spinal cord injury (SCI). A total of 100 female SD rats were randomly divided into normal, sham-operation (sham), model, EA-Guanyuan (CV 4), and EA-Shuidao (ST 28) groups, with 20 cases in each. SCI induced urinary retention model was established by using weight dropping method. EA (1 mA, 2 Hz/15 Hz) was applied to "Guanyuan" (CV 4) and "Shuidao" (ST 28) respectively for 20 min, once a day for 10 days. The excitability (tone, contraction frequency) of the detrusor muscle of the bladder was detected in vitro by using electrophysiological method, and the expression of BDNF and TrkB in spinal cord was determined by immunohistochemistry staining. In comparison with normal control and sham groups, the tension and the contraction frequency of detrusor muscle in model group lowered significantly (P<0.05), while compared with model group, both the tension and contraction frequency of detrusor muscle increased pronouncedly in EA-CV 4 and EA-ST 28 groups (P<0.05), and the effect of EA-CV 4 was apparently superior to that of EA-ST 28 (P<0.05). In comparison with normal and sham groups, the BDNF and TrkB immunoreaction positive cells in the spinal cord were significantly more in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, those of EA-CV 4 and EA-ST 28 groups were obviously further increased (P<0.05), and the effect of EA-CV 4 group was markedly superior to that of EA-ST 28 group (P<0.05). EA of CV 4 and ST 28 can raise the excitability of the smooth muscle of the uninary bladder in rats with SCI-induced urinary retention, which may be related to its effects in upregulating the expression of BDNF and TrkB in the spinal cord. The effects of EA of CV 4 were evidently superior to those of EA of ST 28.

Marked differences in the antigenic structure of human respiratory syncytial virus F and G glycoproteins.

PubMed Central

García-Barreno, B; Palomo, C; Peñas, C; Delgado, T; Perez-Breña, P; Melero, J A

1989-01-01

Monoclonal antibodies directed against the glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus were used in competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for topological mapping of epitopes. Whereas epitopes of the F glycoprotein could be ascribed to five nonoverlapping antigenic sites, anti-G antibodies recognized unique epitopes, many of whose competition profiles overlapped extensively. Variant viruses selected with a neutralizing (47F) anti-F antibody lost the binding for only 47F and 49F antibodies, which mapped in the same antigenic area. In contrast, viruses selected with an anti-G antibody lost the capacity to bind most of the anti-G antibodies, and their G protein was not recognized by an anti-virus antiserum, indicating major changes in the antigenic structure of the G molecule. Finally, we found great antigenic variation of the G protein among viral isolates. This occurred even within viruses of the same subtype with only limited divergence of amino acid sequence between strains. All of these data indicate marked differences in the antigenic organization of the G and F glycoproteins of respiratory syncytial virus; we discuss these differences in terms of the chemical structure of the glycoproteins. Images PMID:2463385

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains induce strain-specific cytokine and chemokine response in pulmonary epithelial cells.

PubMed

Mvubu, Nontobeko E; Pillay, Balakrishna; McKinnon, Lyle R; Pillay, Manormoney

2018-04-01

M. tuberculosis F15/LAM4/KZN has been associated with high transmission rates of drug resistant tuberculosis in the KwaZulu-Natal province of South Africa. The current study elucidated the cytokine/chemokine responses induced by representatives of the F15/LAM4/KZN and other dominant strain families in pulmonary epithelial cells. Multiplex cytokine analyses were performed at 24, 48 and 72h post infection of the A549 pulmonary epithelial cell line with the F15/LAM4/KZN, F28, F11, Beijing, Unique and H37Rv strains at an MOI of ∼10:1. Twenty-three anti- and pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines were detected at all-time intervals. Significantly high concentrations of IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α and G-CSF at 48h, and IL-8, IFN-γ, TNF-α, G-CSF and GM-CSF at 72h, were induced by the F28 and F15/LAM4/KZN strains, respectively. Lower levels of cytokines/chemokines were induced by either the Beijing or Unique strains at all three time intervals. All strains induced up-regulation of pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) (TLR3 and TLR5) while only the F15/LAM4/KZN, F11 and F28 strains induced significant differential expression of TLR2 compared to the Beijing, Unique and H37Rv strains. The low induction of cytokines in epithelial cells by the Beijing strain correlates with its previously reported hypervirulent properties. High concentrations of cytokines and chemokines required for early protection against M. tuberculosis infections induced by the F15/LAM4/KZN and F28 strains suggests a lower virulence of these genotypes compared to the Beijing strain. These findings demonstrate the high diversity in host cytokine/chemokine response to early infection of pulmonary epithelial cells by different strains of M. tuberculosis. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

26 CFR 1.1402(f)-1 - Computation of partner's net earnings from self-employment for taxable year which ends as result...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-employment for taxable year which ends as result of his death. 1.1402(f)-1 Section 1.1402(f)-1 Internal...-employment for taxable year which ends as result of his death. (a) Taxable years ending after August 28, 1958...'s taxable year ends after August 28, 1958, solely because of death, and on a day other than the last...

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, Pilot Richards at forward flight deck pilots station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Pilot Richard N. Richards, sitting at forward flight deck pilots station controls, looks back to aft flight deck during STS-28, a Department of Defense (DOD) dedicated mission. Control panels F7 and F8 and portable laptop computer propped on panel F4 appear in front of Richards. Behind him are the pilots seat seat back and head rest. A stuffed toy animal is positioned on C1 panel.

Susceptibility quantitative trait loci for pathogenic leucocytosis in SCG/Kj mice, a spontaneously occurring crescentic glomerulonephritis and vasculitis model

PubMed Central

Hamano, Y; Abe, M; Matsuoka, S; Zhang, D; Kondo, Y; Kagami, Y; Ishigami, A; Maruyama, N; Tsuruta, Y; Yumura, W; Suzuki, K

2014-01-01

The spontaneous crescentic glomerulonephritis-forming/Kinjoh (SCG/Kj) mouse, a model of human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) and systemic vasculitis, is characterized by the production of myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (MPO-ANCA) and marked leucocytosis. This study was performed to identify the specific populations of leucocytes associated with CrGN and susceptibility loci for pathogenic leucocytosis. Four hundred and twenty female (C57BL/6 × SCG/Kj) F2 intercross mice were subjected to serial flow cytometry examination of the peripheral blood (PB). Kidney granulocytes and monocytes were examined histopathologically. Linkage analyses were performed with 109 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Correlation studies revealed that increase of the granulocytes, F4/80+ cells, CD3+CD4−CD8− T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood (PB) were associated significantly with glomerulonephritis, crescent formation and vasculitis. In kidney sections, F4/80low cells were observed in crescent, while F4/80high cells were around the Bowman's capsules and in the interstitium. Numbers of F4/80+ cells in crescents correlated significantly with F4/80+ cell numbers in PB, but not with numbers of F4/80+ cells in the interstitium. Genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping revealed three SCG/Kj-derived non-Fas QTLs for leucocytosis, two on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 17. QTLs on chromosome 1 affected DCs, granulocytes and F4/80+ cells, but QTL on chromosome 17 affected DCs and granulocytes. We found CrGN-associated leucocytes and susceptibility QTLs with their positional candidate genes. F4/80+ cells in crescents are considered as recruited inflammatory macrophages. The results provide information for leucocytes to be targeted and genetic elements in CrGN and vasculitis. PMID:24654803

Spectroscopic Detection of COClF in the Tropical and Mid-Latitude Lower Stratosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, Curtis P.; Nassar, Ray; Boone, Chris D.; Bernath, Peter; Chiou, Linda; Weisenstein, Debra K.; Mahieu, Emmanuel; Zander, Rodolphe

2007-01-01

We report retrievals of COClF (carbonyl chlorofluoride) based on atmospheric chemistry experiment (ACE) solar occultation spectra recorded at tropical and mid-latitudes during 2004-2005. The COClF molecule is a temporary reservoir of both chlorine and fluorine and has not been measured previously by remote sensing. A maximum COClF mixing ratio of 99.7+/-48.0 pptv (10(exp -12) per unit volume, 1 sigma) is measured at 28km for tropical and subtropical occultations (latitudes below 20deg in both hemispheres) with lower mixing ratios at both higher and lower altitudes. Northern hemisphere mid-latitude mixing ratios (30-50degN) resulted in an average profile with a peak mixing ratio of 51.7+/-32.1 pptv, 1 sigma, at 27 km, also decreasing above and below that altitude. We compare the measured average profiles with the one reported set of in situ lower stratospheric mid-latitude measurements from 1986 and 1987, a previous two-dimensional (2-D) model calculation for 1987 and 1993, and a 2-D-model prediction for 2004. The measured average tropical profile is in close agreement with the model prediction; the northern mid-latitude profile is also consistent, although the peak in the measured profile occurs at a higher altitude (2.5-4.5km offset) than in the model prediction. Seasonal average 2-D-model predictions of the COClF stratospheric distribution for 2004 are also reported.

Item Unique Identification Capability Expansion: Established Process Analysis, Cost Benefit Analysis, and Optimal Marking Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

chemical etching EDM electrical discharge machine EID enterprise identifier EOSS Engineering Operational Sequencing System F Fahrenheit...Center in Corona , California, released a DoN IUID Marking Guide, which made recommendations on how to mark legacy items. It provides technical...uploaded into the IUID registry managed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) in Corona , California. There is no set amount of information

16 CFR 1505.7 - Maximum acceptable surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (as described—in § 1505.6 (g)(2)) Thermal inertia type 1 Temperatures °C. °F. A 1 50 122 A 2 55 131 A... 60 140 D marked 2 75 167 D marked 3 100 212 D marked 4 125 257 E (2) (3) (3) 1 Thermal inertia types... inertia of a material can be obtained by multiplying the thermal conductivity (cal./cm./sec./degrees C...

16 CFR 1505.7 - Maximum acceptable surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (as described—in § 1505.6 (g)(2)) Thermal inertia type 1 Temperatures °C. °F. A 1 50 122 A 2 55 131 A... 60 140 D marked 2 75 167 D marked 3 100 212 D marked 4 125 257 E (2) (3) (3) 1 Thermal inertia types... inertia of a material can be obtained by multiplying the thermal conductivity (cal./cm./sec./degrees C...

16 CFR 1505.7 - Maximum acceptable surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (as described—in § 1505.6 (g)(2)) Thermal inertia type 1 Temperatures °C. °F. A 1 50 122 A 2 55 131 A... 60 140 D marked 2 75 167 D marked 3 100 212 D marked 4 125 257 E (2) (3) (3) 1 Thermal inertia types... inertia of a material can be obtained by multiplying the thermal conductivity (cal./cm./sec./degrees C...

16 CFR 1505.7 - Maximum acceptable surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (as described—in § 1505.6 (g)(2)) Thermal inertia type 1 Temperatures °C. °F. A 1 50 122 A 2 55 131 A... 60 140 D marked 2 75 167 D marked 3 100 212 D marked 4 125 257 E (2) (3) (3) 1 Thermal inertia types... inertia of a material can be obtained by multiplying the thermal conductivity (cal./cm./sec./degrees C...

Lineshape test on overlapped transitions (R9F1, R9F2) of the 2v3 band of 12CH4 by frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, L.; Lin, H.; Plimmer, M. D.; Feng, X. J.; Zhang, J. T.

2018-05-01

The performances of a multi-spectral fit for the spectra of pressure-broadened overlapping lines (R9F1, R9F2) of 12CH4 in binary mixtures with N2 were studied by applying different lineshape models, from the simplest Voigt profile (VP) to the Harmann-Tran profile (HTP). Line-mixing was approximated in the first order in the spectral fits. Data were acquired using a high-resolution cavity ring-down spectrometer of minimum detectable absorption coefficient of 2.8 × 10-12 cm-1. The lines were observed with a signal-to-noise ratio of 19 365 for pressures from 5 to 40 kPa. The study reveals that the multi-spectral fits using the HTP and the speed-dependent Nelkin-Ghatak profile (SDNGP) yield the best among all tested. The two models gave the maximum relative residuals of less than 0.065 %. All things considered, the HTP and the SDNGP appear to be the most reliable models for treating the present case of multi-spectral fitting of unresolved dual-component spectra.

Aerosol Direct Fluorination. Syntheses of the Perfluoroalkyl Orthocarbonates, F-Tetramethyl and F-Ethylene Orthocarbonates.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-30

ff AD-AFRU9 98? AEROSOL DIRECT FLUORINATION SYNTHESES OF THE / 1 PERFLUOROALKYL ORTHOCRBONAT.-(U) TENNESSEE UNIY KNOXVILLE DEPT OF CHEMISTRY J L...SYNTHESES OF THE PERFLUOROALKYL ORTHOCARBONATES, F-TETRAMETHYL AND F-ETHYLENE ORTHOCARBONATES by James L. Adcock* and Mark L. Robin Department of...number) Aerosol, Direct Fluorination, Elemental Fluorine, Perfluoroalkyl % orthocarbonates 211,A’!S RACY (Contiue en reverse aide it neessary and

75 FR 55366 - In the Matter of Mark M. Ficek; Order Prohibiting Involvement in NRC-Licensed Activities...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-10

... (Effective Immediately) Mr. Mark M. Ficek is the President, owner, and former radiation safety officer (RSO... new radiation safety officer, and due to expire on February 28, 2016. The license authorizes Mattingly... assessing Mattingly's entire radiation safety program, providing radiation safety training to the Mattingly...

A Review of the Air Chemistry and Relevant Parameters for the Modelling of the Nuclear Induced Lightning.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-31

MARK %C-, S UNCLASSIFIED 2o SEC. - l R Y C.-ASSF.CAT’ION...1971). 31. C. S . Lakshminarasimha and J. Lucas, J. Phys D 10,313 (1977). 32. R. W. Crompton, L. G. H. Huxley and D. J. Sutton , Proc. R. Soc. London...APR EDITION OF I.AN 73 S OBSOLE’E SECURITY CLASSIFICATION I1F THIS PAI,E %.. % %% " -6 % * U ,4 % 4 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE 11.

28. SONAR CONTROL ROOM FORWARD LOOKING AFT SHOWING AN/SQS23G ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. SONAR CONTROL ROOM - FORWARD LOOKING AFT SHOWING AN/SQS-23G DETECTING-RANGING SET, MARK & CONTROL PANEL, CAN-55134 RECORDER, SPEED INDICATOR, VARIOUS ALARMS AND INTERNAL COMMUNICATION CIRCUITS. - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

Dynamic modeling of neuronal responses in fMRI using cubature Kalman filtering.

PubMed

Havlicek, Martin; Friston, Karl J; Jan, Jiri; Brazdil, Milan; Calhoun, Vince D

2011-06-15

This paper presents a new approach to inverting (fitting) models of coupled dynamical systems based on state-of-the-art (cubature) Kalman filtering. Crucially, this inversion furnishes posterior estimates of both the hidden states and parameters of a system, including any unknown exogenous input. Because the underlying generative model is formulated in continuous time (with a discrete observation process) it can be applied to a wide variety of models specified with either ordinary or stochastic differential equations. These are an important class of models that are particularly appropriate for biological time-series, where the underlying system is specified in terms of kinetics or dynamics (i.e., dynamic causal models). We provide comparative evaluations with generalized Bayesian filtering (dynamic expectation maximization) and demonstrate marked improvements in accuracy and computational efficiency. We compare the schemes using a series of difficult (nonlinear) toy examples and conclude with a special focus on hemodynamic models of evoked brain responses in fMRI. Our scheme promises to provide a significant advance in characterizing the functional architectures of distributed neuronal systems, even in the absence of known exogenous (experimental) input; e.g., resting state fMRI studies and spontaneous fluctuations in electrophysiological studies. Importantly, unlike current Bayesian filters (e.g. DEM), our scheme provides estimates of time-varying parameters, which we will exploit in future work on the adaptation and enabling of connections in the brain. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Marked improvement of thrombocytopenia in a murine model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura by pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor.

PubMed

Shibuya, Kazunori; Kuwaki, Tomoaki; Tahara, Emiko; Yuki, Chizuru; Akahori, Hiromichi; Kato, Takashi; Miyazaki, Hiroshi

2002-10-01

We examined the stimulatory effect of pegylated recombinant human megakaryocyte growth and development factor (PEG-rHuMGDF) on platelet production in male (NZW x BXSB) F(l) (W/B F(1)) mice, a murine model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura. A cohort of 19- to 25-week-old, severely thrombocytopenic male W/B F(1) mice were given PEG-rHuMGDF at different dosing schedules. Before and at various times after therapy, platelet counts, reticulated platelets, platelet lifespan, and levels of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G were measured. Analysis of megakaryocytic cells was performed. Treatment of male W/B F(1) mice with PEG-rHuMGDF (30 microg/kg/day) three times per week for several weeks resulted in sustained thrombocytosis, accompanied by increased megakaryocytopoiesis in both the bone marrow and spleen. The degree of the platelet response to PEG-rHuMGDF varied between individual mice, likely reflecting the heterogeneity of the disease. Production of new platelets in response to PEG-rHuMGDF was manifested by an increase in reticulated platelets. Levels of platelet-associated immunoglobulin G decreased inversely during periods of thrombocytosis. PEG-rHuMGDF therapy also improved thrombocytopenia in male W/B F(1) mice refractory to splenectomy. Platelet lifespan was not affected by PEG-rHuMGDF. Male W/B F(1) mice treated with pegylated murine MGDF, a homologue of PEG-rHuMGDF, had persistent thrombocytosis for at least 7 months, suggesting that antiplatelet antibody production was not enhanced. PEG-rHuMGDF therapy potently stimulated platelet production, effectively ameliorating thrombocytopenia in a murine model of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura.

A 90-day subchronic toxicity study with sodium formononetin-3'-sulphonate (Sul-F) delivered to dogs via intravenous administration.

PubMed

Li, Chunmei; Li, Guisheng; Gao, Yonglin; Sun, Chengfeng; Wang, Xiaoyan

2016-06-01

Sodium formononetin-3'-sulphonate (Sul-F) is a water-soluble derivate of formononetin, and an increasing number of studies have shown that Sul-F not only possesses favorable water solubility but also exhibits good lipid-lowering and bioactivities. In the current study, the toxicity of Sul-F was evaluated in dogs after 90-day intravenous infusion. Dogs were treated with Sul-F at dose of 0, 33.3, 100, and 300 mg/kg, and observed for 90-day followed by 28-day recovery period. Weekly measurement of body weight, temperature and food consumption were conducted. Ophthalmoscopy, ECG examination, urinalysis, serum biochemistry and hematology examination were performed at pre-test, on days 45 and 90, and following by 28-day recovery period. Histological examination was performed on day 90 and 28-day recovery period. No mortality, ophthalmic abnormalities or treatment-related findings in body weight, clinical chemistry, hematology, and histopathological examination were detected. However, a white crystal (non-metabolic Sul-F), transient vomiting and recoverable vascular stimulation were observed in 300 mg/kg/day Sul-F treated dogs. Under the conditions, the no-observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) for Sul-F was 100 mg/kg in dogs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Investigation of XoxF methanol dehydrogenases reveals new methylotrophic bacteria in pelagic marine and freshwater ecosystems.

PubMed

Ramachandran, Arthi; Walsh, David A

2015-10-01

The diversity and distribution of methylotrophic bacteria have been investigated in the oceans and lakes using the methanol dehydrogenase mxaF gene as a functional marker. However, pelagic marine (OM43) and freshwater (LD28 and PRD01a001B) methylotrophs within the Betaproteobacteria lack mxaF, instead possessing a related xoxF4-encoded methanol dehydrogenase. Here, we developed and employed xoxF4 as a complementary functional gene marker to mxaF for studying methylotrophs in aquatic environment. Using xoxF4, we detected OM43-related and LD28-related methylotrophs in the ocean and freshwaters of North America, respectively, and showed the coexistence of these two lineages in a large estuarine system (St Lawrence Estuary). Gene expression patterns of xoxF4 supported a positive relationship between xoxF4-containing methylotroph activity and spring time productivity, suggesting phytoplankton blooms are a source of methylotrophic substrates. Further investigation of methanol dehydrogenase diversity in pelagic ecosystems using comparative metagenomics provided strong support for a widespread distribution of xoxF4 (as well as several distinct xoxF5) containing methylotrophs in marine and freshwater surface waters. In total, these results demonstrate a geographical distribution of OM43/LD28-related methylotrophs that includes marine and freshwaters and suggest that methylotrophy occurring in the water column is an important component of lake and estuary carbon cycling and biogeochemistry. © FEMS 2015. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Improved angiogenesis and healing in crush syndrome by fibroblast growth factor-2-containing low-molecular-weight heparin (Fragmin)/protamine nanoparticles.

PubMed

Takikawa, Makoto; Nakamura, Shingo; Ishihara, Masayuki; Takabayashi, Yuki; Fujita, Masanori; Hattori, Hidemi; Kushibiki, Toshihiro; Ishihara, Miya

2015-06-15

We produced fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2-containing low-molecular-weight heparin (Fragmin)/protamine nanoparticles (FGF-2 + F/P NPs). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the local administration of FGF-2 + F/P NPs on repairing crush syndrome (CS)-injured lesions after compression release using a nonlethal and reproducible CS injury rat model. The hind limbs of the anesthetized rats were compressed for 6 h using 3.6 kg blocks, as previously described. The effects of administering FGF-2 + F/P NPs (group A), F/P NPs alone (group B), FGF-2 alone (group C), and saline (control; group D) were examined. Motor function, surface blood flow in the hind limbs, and the wet/dry weight ratio in the tibialis anterior muscle were examined for 1-28 d after the compression release. Histologic analyses were also performed. At the middle and late stages (3-28 d after the compression release), group A had higher scores in the motor function, improved blood flow, increased number of blood vessels, and faster recovered muscle tissue, compared with the other groups. There was no significant difference in enhanced edema in the tibialis anterior muscle among all groups. The local administration of FGF-2 + F/P NPs to a CS-injured lesion was effective in repairing damaged muscle tissue after compression release. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The 235U Prompt Fission Neutron Spectrum in the BR1 Reactor at SCK•CEN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wagemans, Jan; Malambu, Edouard; Borms, Luc; Fiorito, Luca

2016-02-01

The BR1 research reactor at SCK•CEN has a spherical cavity in the graphite above the reactor core. In this cavity an accurately characterised Maxwellian thermal neutron field is present. Different converters can be loaded in the cavity in order to obtain other types of neutron (and gamma) irradiation fields. Inside the so-called MARK III converter a fast 235U(n,f) prompt fission neutron field can be obtained. With the support of MCNP calculations, irradiations in MARK III can be directly related to the pure 235U(n,f) prompt fission neutron spectrum. For this purpose MARK III spectrum averaged cross sections for the most relevant fluence dosimetry reactions have been determined. A calibration factor for absolute measurements has been determined applying activation dosimetry following ISO/IEC 17025 standards.

Studies on the formation, temporal evolution and forensic applications of camera "fingerprints".

PubMed

Kuppuswamy, R

2006-06-02

A series of experiments was conducted by exposing negative film in brand new cameras of different make and model. The exposures were repeated at regular time intervals spread over a period of 2 years. The processed film negatives were studied under a stereomicroscope (10-40x) in transmitted illumination for the presence of the characterizing features on their four frame-edges. These features were then related to those present on the masking frame of the cameras by examining the latter in reflected light stereomicroscopy (10-40x). The purpose of the study was to determine the origin and permanence of the frame-edge-marks, and also the processes by which the marks may probably alter with time. The investigations have arrived at the following conclusions: (i) the edge-marks have originated principally from the imperfections received on the film mask from the manufacturing and also occasionally from the accumulated dirt, dust and fiber on the film mask over an extended time period. (ii) The edge profiles of the cameras have remained fixed over a considerable period of time so as to be of a valuable identification medium. (iii) The marks are found to be varying in nature even with those cameras manufactured at similar time. (iv) The influence of f/number and object distance has great effect in the recording of the frame-edge marks during exposure of the film. The above findings would serve as a useful addition to the technique of camera edge-mark comparisons.

16 CFR § 1505.7 - Maximum acceptable surface temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (as described—in § 1505.6 (g)(2)) Thermal inertia type 1 Temperatures °C. °F. A 1 50 122 A 2 55 131 A... 60 140 D marked 2 75 167 D marked 3 100 212 D marked 4 125 257 E (2)   (3)   (3) 1 Thermal inertia... inertia of a material can be obtained by multiplying the thermal conductivity (cal./cm./sec./degrees C...

A Novel Approach for Lie Detection Based on F-Score and Extreme Learning Machine

PubMed Central

Gao, Junfeng; Wang, Zhao; Yang, Yong; Zhang, Wenjia; Tao, Chunyi; Guan, Jinan; Rao, Nini

2013-01-01

A new machine learning method referred to as F-score_ELM was proposed to classify the lying and truth-telling using the electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from 28 guilty and innocent subjects. Thirty-one features were extracted from the probe responses from these subjects. Then, a recently-developed classifier called extreme learning machine (ELM) was combined with F-score, a simple but effective feature selection method, to jointly optimize the number of the hidden nodes of ELM and the feature subset by a grid-searching training procedure. The method was compared to two classification models combining principal component analysis with back-propagation network and support vector machine classifiers. We thoroughly assessed the performance of these classification models including the training and testing time, sensitivity and specificity from the training and testing sets, as well as network size. The experimental results showed that the number of the hidden nodes can be effectively optimized by the proposed method. Also, F-score_ELM obtained the best classification accuracy and required the shortest training and testing time. PMID:23755136

Implementing New Methods of Laser Marking of Items in the Nuclear Material Control and Accountability System at SSC RF-IPPE: An Automated Laser Marking System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Regoushevsky, V I; Tambovtsev, S D; Dvukhsherstnov, V G

2009-05-18

For over ten years SSC RF-IPPE, together with the US DOE National Laboratories, has been working on implementing automated control and accountability methods for nuclear materials and other items. Initial efforts to use adhesive bar codes or ones printed (painted) onto metal revealed that these methods were inconvenient and lacked durability under operational conditions. For NM disk applications in critical stands, there is the additional requirement that labels not affect the neutron characteristics of the critical assembly. This is particularly true for the many stainless-steel clad disks containing highly enriched uranium (HEU) and plutonium that are used at SSC RF-IPPEmore » for modeling nuclear power reactors. In search of an alternate method for labeling these disks, we tested several technological options, including laser marking and two-dimensional codes. As a result, the method of laser coloring was chosen in combination with Data Matrix ECC200 symbology. To implement laser marking procedures for the HEU disks and meet all the nuclear material (NM) handling standards and rules, IPPE staff, with U.S. technical and financial support, implemented an automated laser marking system; there are also specially developed procedures for NM movements during laser marking. For the laser marking station, a Zenith 10F system by Telesis Technologies (10 watt Ytterbium Fiber Laser and Merlin software) is used. The presentation includes a flowchart for the automated system and a list of specially developed procedures with comments. Among other things, approaches are discussed for human-factor considerations. To date, markings have been applied to numerous steel-clad HEU disks, and the work continues. In the future this method is expected to be applied to other MC&A items.« less

Proton-induced degradation of VUV transmission of LiF and MgF2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reft, C. S.; Becher, J.; Kernell, R. L.

1980-01-01

Proton-induced degradation of vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) transmittance of LiF and MgF2 was measured for 85- and 600-MeV protons for a fluence up to 2.8 x 10 to the 13th p/sq cm. Transmittances were measured from 105 to 210 nm. When the irradiation level for a given material is expressed in terms of absorbed energy per unit of volume of crystal, 85- and 600-MeV protons produce the same degradation. MgF2 is substantially more radiation resistant than LiF in the VUV. Irradiation of LiF with 1.8 x 10 to the 13th p/sq cm at 85 MeV changed the transmittance of the hydrogen Ly-alpha line at 121.6 nm from 55 to 23%. The corresponding change for MgF2 was from 52 to 42% for 2.8 x 10 to the 13th p/sq cm.

Hubble Space Telescope  Wide Field Camera 3 Observations of Escaping Lyman Continuum Radiation from Galaxies and Weak AGN at Redshifts z ∼ 2.3–4.1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Brent M.; Windhorst, Rogier A.; Jansen, Rolf A.; Cohen, Seth H.; Jiang, Linhua; Dijkstra, Mark; Koekemoer, Anton M.; Bielby, Richard; Inoue, Akio K.; MacKenty, John W.; O’Connell, Robert W.; Silk, Joseph I.

2018-02-01

We present observations of escaping Lyman Continuum (LyC) radiation from 34 massive star-forming galaxies (SFGs) and 12 weak AGN with reliably measured spectroscopic redshifts at z≃ 2.3{--}4.1. We analyzed Hubble Space Telescope (HST) Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) mosaics of the Early Release Science (ERS) field in three UVIS filters to sample the rest-frame LyC over this redshift range. With our best current assessment of the WFC3 systematics, we provide 1σ upper limits for the average LyC emission of galaxies at < z> = 2.35, 2.75, and 3.60 to ∼28.5, 28.1, and 30.7 mag in image stacks of 11–15 galaxies in the WFC3/UVIS F225W, F275W, and F336W, respectively. The LyC flux of weak AGN at < z> = 2.62 and 3.32 are detected at 28.3 and 27.4 mag with S/Ns of ∼2.7 and 2.5 in F275W and F336W for stacks of 7 and 3 AGN, respectively, while AGN at < z> = 2.37 are constrained to ≳27.9 mag at 1σ in a stack of 2 AGN. The stacked AGN LyC light profiles are flatter than their corresponding non-ionizing UV continuum profiles out to radii of r≲ 0\\buildrel{\\prime\\prime}\\over{.} 9, which may indicate a radial dependence of porosity in the ISM. With synthetic stellar SEDs fit to UV continuum measurements longward of {{Ly}}α and IGM transmission models, we constrain the absolute LyC escape fractions to {f}{esc}{abs}≃ {22}-22+44% at < z> = 2.35 and ≲55% at < z> = 2.75 and 3.60, respectively. All available data for galaxies, including published work, suggests a more sudden increase of {f}{esc} with redshift at z≃ 2. Dust accumulating in (massive) galaxies over cosmic time correlates with increased H I column density, which may lead to reducing {f}{esc} more suddenly at z≲ 2. This may suggest that SFGs collectively contributed to maintaining cosmic reionization at redshifts z≳ 2{--}4, while AGN likely dominated reionization at z≲ 2.

28 CFR 540.19 - Legal correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Legal correspondence. 540.19 Section 540... WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Correspondence § 540.19 Legal correspondence. (a) Staff shall mark each envelope of incoming legal mail (mail from courts or attorneys) to show the date and time of receipt, the...

28 CFR 540.19 - Legal correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Legal correspondence. 540.19 Section 540... WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Correspondence § 540.19 Legal correspondence. (a) Staff shall mark each envelope of incoming legal mail (mail from courts or attorneys) to show the date and time of receipt, the...

28 CFR 540.19 - Legal correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Legal correspondence. 540.19 Section 540... WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Correspondence § 540.19 Legal correspondence. (a) Staff shall mark each envelope of incoming legal mail (mail from courts or attorneys) to show the date and time of receipt, the...

28 CFR 540.19 - Legal correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Legal correspondence. 540.19 Section 540... WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Correspondence § 540.19 Legal correspondence. (a) Staff shall mark each envelope of incoming legal mail (mail from courts or attorneys) to show the date and time of receipt, the...

28 CFR 540.19 - Legal correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal correspondence. 540.19 Section 540... WITH PERSONS IN THE COMMUNITY Correspondence § 540.19 Legal correspondence. (a) Staff shall mark each envelope of incoming legal mail (mail from courts or attorneys) to show the date and time of receipt, the...

Impact of the F508del mutation on ovine CFTR, a Cl− channel with enhanced conductance and ATP-dependent gating

PubMed Central

Cai, Zhiwei; Palmai-Pallag, Timea; Khuituan, Pissared; Mutolo, Michael J; Boinot, Clément; Liu, Beihui; Scott-Ward, Toby S; Callebaut, Isabelle; Harris, Ann; Sheppard, David N

2015-01-01

Cross-species comparative studies are a powerful approach to understanding the epithelial Cl− channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), which is defective in the genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Here, we investigate the single-channel behaviour of ovine CFTR and the impact of the most common CF mutation, F508del-CFTR, using excised inside-out membrane patches from transiently transfected CHO cells. Like human CFTR, ovine CFTR formed a weakly inwardly rectifying Cl− channel regulated by PKA-dependent phosphorylation, inhibited by the open-channel blocker glibenclamide. However, for three reasons, ovine CFTR was noticeably more active than human CFTR. First, single-channel conductance was increased. Second, open probability was augmented because the frequency and duration of channel openings were increased. Third, with enhanced affinity and efficacy, ATP more strongly stimulated ovine CFTR channel gating. Consistent with these data, the CFTR modulator phloxine B failed to potentiate ovine CFTR Cl− currents. Similar to its impact on human CFTR, the F508del mutation caused a temperature-sensitive folding defect, which disrupted ovine CFTR protein processing and reduced membrane stability. However, the F508del mutation had reduced impact on ovine CFTR channel gating in contrast to its marked effects on human CFTR. We conclude that ovine CFTR forms a regulated Cl− channel with enhanced conductance and ATP-dependent channel gating. This phylogenetic analysis of CFTR structure and function demonstrates that subtle changes in structure have pronounced effects on channel function and the consequences of the CF mutation F508del. Key points Malfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a gated pathway for chloride movement, causes the common life-shortening genetic disease cystic fibrosis (CF). Towards the development of a sheep model of CF, we have investigated the function of sheep CFTR. We found that sheep CFTR was noticeably more active than human CFTR, while the most common CF mutation, F508del, had reduced impact on sheep CFTR function. Our results demonstrate that subtle changes in protein structure have marked effects on CFTR function and the consequences of the CF mutation F508del. PMID:25763566

MPLW515L Is a Novel Somatic Activating Mutation in Myelofibrosis with Myeloid Metaplasia

PubMed Central

Pikman, Yana; Lee, Benjamin H; Mercher, Thomas; McDowell, Elizabeth; Ebert, Benjamin L; Gozo, Maricel; Cuker, Adam; Wernig, Gerlinde; Moore, Sandra; Galinsky, Ilene; DeAngelo, Daniel J; Clark, Jennifer J; Lee, Stephanie J; Golub, Todd R; Wadleigh, Martha; Gilliland, D. Gary; Levine, Ross L

2006-01-01

Background The JAK2V617F allele has recently been identified in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MF). Subsequent analysis has shown that constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway is an important pathogenetic event in these patients, and that enzymatic inhibition of JAK2V617F may be of therapeutic benefit in this context. However, a significant proportion of patients with ET or MF are JAK2V617F-negative. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might also occur as a consequence of activating mutations in certain hematopoietic-specific cytokine receptors, including the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), or the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR). Methods and Findings DNA sequence analysis of the exons encoding the transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains of EPOR, MPL, and GCSFR, and comparison with germline DNA derived from buccal swabs, identified a somatic activating mutation in the transmembrane domain of MPL (W515L) in 9% (4/45) of JAKV617F-negative MF. Expression of MPLW515L in 32D, UT7, or Ba/F3 cells conferred cytokine-independent growth and thrombopoietin hypersensitivity, and resulted in constitutive phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, AKT, and ERK. Furthermore, a small molecule JAK kinase inhibitor inhibited MPLW515L-mediated proliferation and JAK-STAT signaling in vitro. In a murine bone marrow transplant assay, expression of MPLW515L, but not wild-type MPL, resulted in a fully penetrant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by marked thrombocytosis (Plt count 1.9–4.0 × 10 12/L), marked splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, and increased reticulin fibrosis. Conclusions Activation of JAK-STAT signaling via MPLW515L is an important pathogenetic event in patients with JAK2V617F-negative MF. The bone marrow transplant model of MPLW515L-mediated myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) exhibits certain features of human MF, including extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, and megakaryocytic proliferation. Further analysis of positive and negative regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway is warranted in JAK2V617F-negative MPD. PMID:16834459

MPLW515L is a novel somatic activating mutation in myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia.

PubMed

Pikman, Yana; Lee, Benjamin H; Mercher, Thomas; McDowell, Elizabeth; Ebert, Benjamin L; Gozo, Maricel; Cuker, Adam; Wernig, Gerlinde; Moore, Sandra; Galinsky, Ilene; DeAngelo, Daniel J; Clark, Jennifer J; Lee, Stephanie J; Golub, Todd R; Wadleigh, Martha; Gilliland, D Gary; Levine, Ross L

2006-07-01

The JAK2V617F allele has recently been identified in patients with polycythemia vera (PV), essential thrombocytosis (ET), and myelofibrosis with myeloid metaplasia (MF). Subsequent analysis has shown that constitutive activation of the JAK-STAT signal transduction pathway is an important pathogenetic event in these patients, and that enzymatic inhibition of JAK2V617F may be of therapeutic benefit in this context. However, a significant proportion of patients with ET or MF are JAK2V617F-negative. We hypothesized that activation of the JAK-STAT pathway might also occur as a consequence of activating mutations in certain hematopoietic-specific cytokine receptors, including the erythropoietin receptor (EPOR), the thrombopoietin receptor (MPL), or the granulocyte-colony stimulating factor receptor (GCSFR). DNA sequence analysis of the exons encoding the transmembrane and juxtamembrane domains of EPOR, MPL, and GCSFR, and comparison with germline DNA derived from buccal swabs, identified a somatic activating mutation in the transmembrane domain of MPL (W515L) in 9% (4/45) of JAKV617F-negative MF. Expression of MPLW515L in 32D, UT7, or Ba/F3 cells conferred cytokine-independent growth and thrombopoietin hypersensitivity, and resulted in constitutive phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT3, STAT5, AKT, and ERK. Furthermore, a small molecule JAK kinase inhibitor inhibited MPLW515L-mediated proliferation and JAK-STAT signaling in vitro. In a murine bone marrow transplant assay, expression of MPLW515L, but not wild-type MPL, resulted in a fully penetrant myeloproliferative disorder characterized by marked thrombocytosis (Plt count 1.9-4.0 x 10(12)/L), marked splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis, and increased reticulin fibrosis. Activation of JAK-STAT signaling via MPLW515L is an important pathogenetic event in patients with JAK2V617F-negative MF. The bone marrow transplant model of MPLW515L-mediated myeloproliferative disorders (MPD) exhibits certain features of human MF, including extramedullary hematopoiesis, splenomegaly, and megakaryocytic proliferation. Further analysis of positive and negative regulators of the JAK-STAT pathway is warranted in JAK2V617F-negative MPD.

Spread-F occurrences and relationships with foF2 and h'F at low- and mid-latitudes in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Ning; Guo, Lixin; Zhao, Zhenwei; Ding, Zonghua; Lin, Leke

2018-04-01

Ionospheric irregularities are an important phenomenon in scientific studies and applications of radio-wave propagation. Spread-F echoes in ionograms are a type of high-frequency band irregularities that include frequency spread-F (FSF), range spread-F (RSF), and mixed spread-F (MSF) events. In this study, we obtained spread-F data from four ionosondes at low- and mid-latitudes near the 120°E chain in China during the 23rd solar cycle. We used these data to investigate spread-F occurrence percentages and variations with local time, season, latitude, and solar activity. The four ionosondes were located at Haikou (HK) (20°N, 110.34°E), Guangzhou (GZ) (23.14°N, 113.36°E), Beijing (BJ) (40.11°N, 116.28°E), and Changchun (CC) (43.84°N, 125.28°E). We also present possible correlations between spread-Fs and other ionospheric parameters, such as the critical frequency of the F2-layer (foF2) and the virtual height of the bottom-side F-layer (h'F). In particular, we investigated the possible threshold of the foF2 affecting the FSF and the relationship between the h'F and the RSF. The main conclusions are as follows: (a) the FSF occurrence percentages were anti-correlated with solar activity at all four sites; meanwhile, RSF occurrence rates increased with the increase in solar activity at HK, but not at the other three sites; (b) FSF occurrence rates were larger at the mid-latitudes than expected, while FSFs occurred more often after midnight; (c) the highest FSF occurrence rates mostly appeared during the summer months, while RSFs occurred mostly in the equinoctial months of 2000-2002 at HK and GZ; (d) a lower foF2 was suitable for FSF events; nevertheless, h'F and RSF occurrences satisfied the parabolic relationship; (e) the foF2 thresholds for FSFs were 15, 14, 7.6, and 7.8 MHz at HK, GZ, BJ, and CC, respectively. The h'Fs occurring between 240 and 290 km were more favorable for RSF occurrences. These results are important for understanding ionospheric irregularity variations in eastern Asia and for improving space weather modeling and forecasting capabilities[Figure not available: see fulltext.] .

The ionosphere of Europe and North America before the magnetic storm of October 28, 2003

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blagoveshchensky, D. V.; Macdugall, J. W.; Pyatkova, A. V.

2006-05-01

The X17 solar flare occurred on October 28, 2003, and was followed by the X10 flare on October 29. These flares caused very strong geomagnetic storms (Halloween storms). The aim of the present study is to compare the variations in two main ionospheric parameters ( foF2 and hmF2) at two chains of ionosondes located in Europe and North America for the period October 23-28, 2003. This interval began immediately before the storm of October 28 and includes its commencement. Another task of the work is to detect ionospheric precursors of the storm or substorm expansion phase. An analysis is based on SPIDR data. The main results are as follows. The positive peak of δ foF2 (where δ is the difference between disturbed and quiet values) is observed several hours before the magnetic storm or substorm commencement. This peak can serve as a disturbance precursor. The amplitude of δ foF2 values varies from 20 to 100% of the foF2 values. The elements of similarity in the variations in the δ foF2 values at two chains are as follows: (a) the above δ foF2 peak is as a rule observed simultaneously at two chains before the disturbance; (b) the δ foF2 variations are similar at all midlatitude (or, correspondingly, high-latitude) ionosondes of the chain. The differences in the δ foF2 values are as follows: (a) the effect of the main phase and the phase of strong storm recovery at one chain differs from such an effect at another chain; (b) the manifestation of disturbances at high-latitude stations of the chain differ from the manifestations at midlatitude stations. The δ hmF2 variations are approximately opposite to the δ foF2 variations, and the δ hmF2 values lie in the interval 15-25% of the hmF2 values. The performed study is useful and significant in studying the problems of the space weather, especially in a short-term prediction of ionospheric disturbances caused by magnetospheric storms or substorms.

Effect of N-acetylcysteine on the pulmonary response to endotoxin in the awake sheep and upon in vitro granulocyte function.

PubMed Central

Bernard, G R; Lucht, W D; Niedermeyer, M E; Snapper, J R; Ogletree, M L; Brigham, K L

1984-01-01

Oxygen free radicals released during endotoxemia may contribute to the lung injury of the adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). As this syndrome occurs frequently after gram-negative sepsis in humans, we studied the effect of intravenous N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a free radical scavenger, upon the endotoxin (E)-induced model of ARDS in awake sheep. In vivo studies demonstrated that NAC attenuates the endotoxin-induced rise in pulmonary artery pressure (62 +/- 3 torr with E control vs. 43 +/- 3 torr for E + NAC), and markedly diminishes the rise in lymph flow at 1 h (8.5 +/- 1.2 vs 4.5 +/- 0.6 ml/15 min) and 4 h (5.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 3.3 +/- 0.4 ml/15 min), respectively, for E control vs. E + NAC. NAC also markedly attenuated the alterations in lung mechanics after endotoxemia. Dynamic compliance at 2 h after endotoxemia was 44 +/- 6% of base line for E vs. 76 +/- 10% of base line for E + NAC. Resistance to airflow across the lung at 1 h postendotoxin was 811 +/- 280% of base line for E vs. 391 +/- 233% of base line for E + NAC. NAC substantially reduced the 1 h postendotoxin rise in lymph concentrations of thromboxane B2 (8.29 +/- 3.28 vs. 2.75 +/- 1.93 ng/ml for E vs. E + NAC) and 6-keto-prostaglandin-F1 alpha (0.91 +/- 0.27 vs. 0.23 +/- 0.12 ng/ml for E vs. E + NAC). In addition, in vitro studies were performed which revealed NAC to be a potent free radical scavenger in both biologic and nonbiologic free radical generating systems. NAC decreased phorbol-stimulated granulocyte aggregation in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro. Minimal effects were observed, however, upon leukocyte degranulation at the concentrations of NAC achieved during the in vivo tests. Thus, NAC significantly attenuated all monitored pathophysiologic changes in the endotoxin model of ARDS in sheep, possibly by its ability to scavenge toxic oxygen free radicals. A direct impairment of the ability of inflammatory cells to generate oxygen radicals cannot be ruled out. PMID:6725559

Key parameters of the sediment surface morphodynamics in an estuary - An assessment of model solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sampath, D. M. R.; Boski, T.

2018-05-01

Large-scale geomorphological evolution of an estuarine system was simulated by means of a hybrid estuarine sedimentation model (HESM) applied to the Guadiana Estuary, in Southwest Iberia. The model simulates the decadal-scale morphodynamics of the system under environmental forcing, using a set of analytical solutions to simplified equations of tidal wave propagation in shallow waters, constrained by empirical knowledge of estuarine sedimentary dynamics and topography. The key controlling parameters of the model are bed friction (f), current velocity power of the erosion rate function (N), and sea-level rise rate. An assessment of sensitivity of the simulated sediment surface elevation (SSE) change to these controlling parameters was performed. The model predicted the spatial differentiation of accretion and erosion, the latter especially marked in the mudflats within mean sea level and low tide level and accretion was mainly in a subtidal channel. The average SSE change mutually depended on both the friction coefficient and power of the current velocity. Analysis of the average annual SSE change suggests that the state of intertidal and subtidal compartments of the estuarine system vary differently according to the dominant processes (erosion and accretion). As the Guadiana estuarine system shows dominant erosional behaviour in the context of sea-level rise and sediment supply reduction after the closure of the Alqueva Dam, the most plausible sets of parameter values for the Guadiana Estuary are N = 1.8 and f = 0.8f0, or N = 2 and f = f0, where f0 is the empirically estimated value. For these sets of parameter values, the relative errors in SSE change did not exceed ±20% in 73% of simulation cells in the studied area. Such a limit of accuracy can be acceptable for an idealized modelling of coastal evolution in response to uncertain sea-level rise scenarios in the context of reduced sediment supply due to flow regulation. Therefore, the idealized but cost-effective HESM model will be suitable for estimating the morphological impacts of sea-level rise on estuarine systems on a decadal timescale.

[Evaluation of the lifetime of nail markings during polio vaccinations in Chad].

PubMed

Quoc Cuong, Huong; Schlumberger, Martin; Garba Tchang, Salomon; Ould Cheikh, Dah; Savès, Marianne; Mallah, Barah; Demtilo Attilo, Jacques; Ngangro Mosurel, Ndeikoundam; Gamatié, Youssouf

2010-01-01

SID (Supplemental Immunization Days) is a special strategy intended to accelerate eradication of poliomyelitis in countries where it is still endemic (India, Afghanistan, and Pakistan in Asia, and Nigeria in Africa). This strategy is also applied in Nigeria's neighbours (Cameroon, Chad, Niger and Benin). Since the poliomyelitis virus was imported from Nigeria in 2001, Chad has reported cases of poliomyelitis every year. After 30 SIDs in Chad and the inaccurate or false attribution of side-effects to polio vaccines, some groups persistently refuse polio vaccination. To ascertain the true coverage of SID, the Ministry of Health and several partners (WHO, UNICEF and Rotary) conduct external coverage evaluations, to identify the under-vaccinated areas where population may be refusing immunization. The nails of the children receiving vaccinations are marked with indelible ink and those markings are the best indicator of the area's actual SID coverage. When coverage investigators arrive and propose vaccination to all children not immunized during SID, mothers who wish to refuse vaccination may claim that the children's markings disappeared after a few days, due to bathing. WHO experts have found that markings applied to their own nails with the WHO-recommended markers persist a few weeks, but others suggested that the markings may disappear much faster among children living in a traditional tropical environment. Until now, the lifetime of these markings has not been tested among children in Africa. To determine the lifetime of the fingernail markings after SID and factors that influence this lifetime in children young than 5 years old in Chad. This prospective cohort study of 200 children (aged 0 to 59 months) took place from March to May 2009 in Milezi, a health zone north of Ndjamena, the capital of Chad, in central Africa. These children received nail markings on their left little finger with an indelible marker pen provided by WHO. The finger was monitored for 35 days, visually and by photographs, to determine the factors associated with the lifetime of the markings. Kaplan-Meier and log-rank methods were applied to estimate their survival curve and the variables significant for their lifetime; the Cox proportional hazard model was used to determine multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios. Of the 184 children surveyed through the end of the study, the markings disappeared after 35 days of follow-up for 35% of them. The average lifetime of markings on these children was 28 days (SD: 4.95) and was associated, according to the Cox model, with 3 variables: the quality of the marking (RR = 0.335, 95% CI: 0.182-0.617, p < 0.001), playing with soil or mud (RR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.208-0.697, p = 0.002), and living in different blocks, after stratification for the variable of application of chemical products on the nail. The latter could not be included in the Cox model because it made the markings disappear instantly. WHO experts were right in stating that the lifetime of the markings was sufficient to estimate coverage accurately when external evaluation takes place one or two weeks after SID. The only action found to make markings disappear rapidly was the application of chemical products. Mothers who tell SID attendance evaluation teams that the marking disappeared with bathing are expressing a tacit refusal of vaccination. These evaluations, which take place well before the disappearance of markings, help to determine the precise coverage of SID.

46 CFR 162.027-2 - Design, construction, testing and marking requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the requirements of ASTM F 1546 (incorporated by reference, see § 162.027-1). (b) All inspections and tests required by ASTM F 1546 (incorporated by reference, see § 162.027-1) must be performed by an... completion of the testing required by ASTM F 1546 (incorporated by reference, see § 162.027-1). [CGD 95-027...

Inverse Problems, Control and Modeling in the Presence of Uncertainty

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-30

using a Kelvin model, CRSC- TR07-08, March, 2007; IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, submitted. [P18] K. Ito, Q. Huynh and J . Toivanen, A fast...Science and Engineering, Springer (2006), 595 602 . [P19] K.Ito and J . Toivanen, A fast iterative solver for scattering by elastic objects in layered...and N.G. Medhin, " A stick-slip/Rouse hybrid model", CRSC-TR05-28, August, 2005. [P23] H.T. Banks, A . F. Karr, H. K. Nguyen, and J . R. Samuels, Jr

Deformations and Structural Evolution of Mesozoic Complexes in Western Chukotka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Golionko, B. G.; Vatrushkina, E. V.; Verzhbitskii, V. E.; Sokolov, S. D.; Tuchkova, M. I.

2018-01-01

Detailed structural investigations have been carried out in the Pevek district to specify tectonic evolution of the Chukotka mesozoids. The earliest south-verging folds F1 formed in Triassic rocks at the first deformation stage DI. These structures are overlapped by the northern-verging folds F2 and overthrusts pertain to the second deformation stage DII. Folding structures F1 and F2 were deformed by shear folds F3, completing stage DII. The DI and DII structures are complicated by roughly NS-trending normal faults marking deformation stage DIII. It has been established that DI is related to the onset of opening of the Amerasian Basin in the Early Jurassic, or, alternatively, to the later accretion of the Kulpolnei ensimatic arc toward the Chukotka microcontinent. DII marks the collision of Siberia and the Chukotka microcontinent in the Late Neocomian. Normal faulting under the roughly E-W-trending extension during DIII is likely related to rift opening of the Podvodnikov and Makarov-Toll basins in the deep Amerasian Basin. Formation of the Okhotsk-Chukotka volcanoplutonic belt completed the structural evolution of the studied region.

Prevalence of netF-positive Clostridium perfringens in foals in southwestern Ontario.

PubMed

Finley, Abigail; Gohari, Iman Mehdizadeh; Parreira, Valeria R; Abrahams, Miranda; Staempfli, Henry R; Prescott, John F

2016-07-01

NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens have recently been identified as a cause of necrotizing enteritis in neonatal foals, but little is known about its prevalence in clinically normal foals. Foals (n = 88) ranging in age from < 1 wk to 2 to 4 mo (median age 2 to 4 wk) on 8 horse-breeding farms in Ontario were examined on 1 or 2 occasions for the presence of C. perfringens. Of the foals that tested positive, 5 isolates (n = 675) were examined for the netF and enterotoxin (cpe) genes. Colonization by C. perfringens was most marked in foals < 1 wk of age [4.85 ± 2.70 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)] and declined markedly over time (1.23 ± 1.06 log10 CFU at 1 to 2 mo of age). Only 2 isolates possessed the cpe gene and none possessed netF. We concluded that netF-positive C. perfringens does not colonize young foals with any detectable frequency in Ontario and this organism is not likely to be adapted to the intestine of the horse.

Prevalence of netF-positive Clostridium perfringens in foals in southwestern Ontario

PubMed Central

Finley, Abigail; Gohari, Iman Mehdizadeh; Parreira, Valeria R.; Abrahams, Miranda; Staempfli, Henry R.; Prescott, John F.

2016-01-01

NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens have recently been identified as a cause of necrotizing enteritis in neonatal foals, but little is known about its prevalence in clinically normal foals. Foals (n = 88) ranging in age from < 1 wk to 2 to 4 mo (median age 2 to 4 wk) on 8 horse-breeding farms in Ontario were examined on 1 or 2 occasions for the presence of C. perfringens. Of the foals that tested positive, 5 isolates (n = 675) were examined for the netF and enterotoxin (cpe) genes. Colonization by C. perfringens was most marked in foals < 1 wk of age [4.85 ± 2.70 log10 colony-forming units (CFU)] and declined markedly over time (1.23 ± 1.06 log10 CFU at 1 to 2 mo of age). Only 2 isolates possessed the cpe gene and none possessed netF. We concluded that netF-positive C. perfringens does not colonize young foals with any detectable frequency in Ontario and this organism is not likely to be adapted to the intestine of the horse. PMID:27408339

PbF2-based single crystals and phase diagrams of PbF2-MF2 systems (M = Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Cd)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buchinskaya, I. I.; Fedorov, Pavel P.; Sobolev, B. P.

1997-07-01

Optical grade single crystals of Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 and Pb1-xCaxF2 (x less than 0.05) were grown by the Bridgman technique in graphite crucibles under fluorinating atmosphere of teflon pyrolysis products. For determinations of concentration areas of solid solutions, suitable for crystal growth, the phase interactions in the systems PbF2 with fluorides of alkaline-earth elements and Cd were studied by DTA and x-ray powder diffraction techniques. Phase diagrams were described by corresponding thermodynamic models. Transition from pure PbF2 to two- component Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 crystal is accompanied by some increase in radiation hardness of the latter and positive changes of mechanical characteristics (the Pb0.67Cd0.33F2 composition microhardness is 147 plus or minus 5 kg/mm2 that is 5 times that of a pure lead fluoride, 28 plus or minus 4 kg/mm2). These solid solutions have a cubic Fm3m fluorite-type lattice as a high-temperature modification of PbF2.

Mathematical modelling of temperature effect on growth kinetics of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushroom (Agaricus bisporus).

PubMed

Tarlak, Fatih; Ozdemir, Murat; Melikoglu, Mehmet

2018-02-02

The growth data of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushrooms (Agaricus bisporus) stored between 4 and 28°C were obtained and fitted to three different primary models, known as the modified Gompertz, logistic and Baranyi models. The goodness of fit of these models was compared by considering the mean squared error (MSE) and the coefficient of determination for nonlinear regression (pseudo-R 2 ). The Baranyi model yielded the lowest MSE and highest pseudo-R 2 values. Therefore, the Baranyi model was selected as the best primary model. Maximum specific growth rate (r max ) and lag phase duration (λ) obtained from the Baranyi model were fitted to secondary models namely, the Ratkowsky and Arrhenius models. High pseudo-R 2 and low MSE values indicated that the Arrhenius model has a high goodness of fit to determine the effect of temperature on r max . Observed number of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushrooms from independent experiments was compared with the predicted number of Pseudomonas spp. with the models used by considering the B f and A f values. The B f and A f values were found to be 0.974 and 1.036, respectively. The correlation between the observed and predicted number of Pseudomonas spp. was high. Mushroom spoilage was simulated as a function of temperature with the models used. The models used for Pseudomonas spp. growth can provide a fast and cost-effective alternative to traditional microbiological techniques to determine the effect of storage temperature on product shelf-life. The models can be used to evaluate the growth behaviour of Pseudomonas spp. on sliced mushroom, set limits for the quantitative detection of the microbial spoilage and assess product shelf-life. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Frequency weighting for vibration-induced white finger compatible with exposure-response models.

PubMed

Brammer, Anthony J; Pitts, Paul M

2012-01-01

An analysis has been performed to derive a frequency weighting for the development of vibration-induced white finger (VWF). It employs a model to compare health risks for pairs of population groups that are selected to have similar health outcomes from operating power tools or machines with markedly different acceleration spectra (rock drills, chain saws, pavement breakers and motorcycles). The model defines the Relative Risk, RR(f(trial)), which is constructed from the ratio of daily exposures and includes a trial frequency weighting that is applied to the acceleration spectra. The trial frequency weighting consists of a frequency-independent primary frequency range, and subordinate frequency ranges in which the response to vibration diminishes, with cut-off frequencies that are changed to influence the magnitude of RR(f(trial)). The frequency weighting so derived when RR(f(trial)) = 1 is similar to those obtained by other methods (W(hf), W(hT)). It consists of a frequency independent range from about 25 Hz to 500 Hz (-3 dB frequencies), with an amplitude cut-off rate of 12 dB/octave below 25 Hz and above 500 Hz. The range is compatible with studies of vasoconstriction in persons with VWF. The results provide further evidence that the ISO frequency weighting may be inappropriate for assessing the risk of developing VWF.

Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit (Lamiaceae), a medicinal plant protects the stomach against several gastric ulcer models.

PubMed

Jesus, N Z T; Falcão, H S; Lima, G R M; Caldas Filho, M R D; Sales, I R P; Gomes, I F; Santos, S G; Tavares, J F; Barbosa-Filho, J M; Batista, L M

2013-12-12

Hyptis suaveolens is used by the traditional population in several parts of the world to treat inflammation, gastric ulcer and infection and is used as a crude drug to relieve symptoms related with gastric ulcer or gastritis in northeaster and central region of Brazil. the standardized ethanolic extract (Hs-EtOHE) and hexanic fraction (Hs-HexF) of Hyptis suaveolens (62,5, 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) was evaluated in several models of acute gastric ulcers. The participation of NO was evaluated by pretreatment with L-NAME and non-protein sulfyhydryls by NEM in the gastroprotective effect. Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF markedly reduced the gastric lesions induced by all ulcerogenic agents (HCl/ethanol, ethanol, NSAIDs and hypothermic restraint-stress). Gastric ulcerations were exacerbated by administration of NEM suggesting that the gastroprotective mechanism of action of Hs-EtOHE and Hs-HexF involves sulfhydryl groups. Ours results show that an extract of Hyptis suaveolens, administered orally to rodents, present gastro protective activity in different models of acute of gastric ulcer and give some support to the reported claims on the use of this plant as a gastro protective agent. © 2013 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

The existence of fertile hybrids of closely related model earthworm species, Eisenia andrei and E. fetida.

PubMed

Plytycz, Barbara; Bigaj, Janusz; Osikowski, Artur; Hofman, Sebastian; Falniowski, Andrzej; Panz, Tomasz; Grzmil, Pawel; Vandenbulcke, Franck

2018-01-01

Lumbricid earthworms Eisenia andrei (Ea) and E. fetida (Ef) are simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal insemination capable of self-fertilization while the existence of hybridization of these two species was still debatable. During the present investigation fertile hybrids of Ea and Ef were detected. Virgin specimens of Ea and Ef were laboratory crossed (Ea+Ef) and their progeny was doubly identified. 1 -identified by species-specific maternally derived haploid mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene being either 'a' for worms hatched from Ea ova or 'f' for worms hatched from Ef ova. 2 -identified by the diploid maternal/paternal nuclear DNA sequences of 28s rRNA gene being either 'AA' for Ea, 'FF' for Ef, or AF/FA for their hybrids derived either from the 'aA' or 'fF' ova, respectively. Among offspring of Ea+Ef pairs in F1 generation there were mainly aAA and fFF earthworms resulted from the facilitated self-fertilization and some aAF hybrids from aA ova but none fFA hybrids from fF ova. In F2 generation resulting from aAF hybrids mated with aAA a new generations of aAA and aAF hybrids were noticed, while aAF hybrids mated with fFF gave fFF and both aAF and fFA hybrids. Hybrids intercrossed together produced plenty of cocoons but no hatchlings independently whether aAF+aAF or aAF+fFA were mated. These results indicated that Ea and Ef species, easy to maintain in laboratory and commonly used as convenient models in biomedicine and ecotoxicology, may also serve in studies on molecular basis of interspecific barriers and mechanisms of introgression and speciation. Hypothetically, their asymmetrical hybridization can be modified by some external factors.

28 CFR 58.33 - Minimum qualifications providers shall meet to become and remain approved providers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... size otherwise used in the solicitation; (iv) Any such solicitations include only logos, seals, or similar marks that are substantially dissimilar to the logo, seal, or similar mark of any agency or court...-making skills required to distinguish between wants and needs, and to comparison shop for goods and...

Altered susceptibility of an obese rat model to 13-week subchronic toxicity induced by 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol.

PubMed

Toyoda, Takeshi; Cho, Young-Man; Akagi, Jun-Ichi; Mizuta, Yasuko; Matsushita, Kohei; Nishikawa, Akiyoshi; Imaida, Katsumi; Ogawa, Kumiko

2017-01-01

3-Monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) is a heat-induced food contaminant that has been shown to be a nongenotoxic renal carcinogen. Although the toxicity of 3-MCPD has been widely investigated for decades, there is a further concern that 3-MCPD might exert more potent toxicity in high-risk population with underlying diseases such as hyperlipidemia associated with obesity. In the present study, we performed a 13-week subchronic toxicity study for 3-MCPD using an obesity rat model to investigate the differences in susceptibility between obese and normal individuals. Male F344 and obese Zucker (lean and fatty) rats were administered 0, 9, 28.5, 90, 285, or 900 ppm 3-MCPD in drinking water for 13 weeks. 3-MCPD treatment decreased body weight gain, increased relative kidney weights, induced anemia, and induced epithelial cell necrosis in epididymal ducts in all 3 strains. The degrees of epididymal damage were higher in F344 and lean rats than in fatty rats, while renal toxicity was most potent in F344 rats and comparable in lean and fatty rats. In contrast, the hematology data indicated that anemia was worse in fatty rats than in F344 and lean rats, and a significant decrease in hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow was observed only in fatty rats. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was estimated to be 28.5 ppm in all 3 strains for 3-MCPD. These results suggested that obese Zucker rats may be more susceptible to 3-MCPD-dependent toxicity in the hematopoietic tissues than their lean counterparts.

Comparison of Allogeneic and Syngeneic Rat Glioma Models by Using MRI and Histopathologic Evaluation

PubMed Central

Biasibetti, Elena; Valazza, Alberto; Capucchio, Maria T; Annovazzi, Laura; Battaglia, Luigi; Chirio, Daniela; Gallarate, Marina; Mellai, Marta; Muntoni, Elisabetta; Peira, Elena; Riganti, Chiara; Schiffer, Davide; Panciani, Pierpaolo; Lanotte, Michele

2017-01-01

Research in neurooncology traditionally requires appropriate in vivo animal models, on which therapeutic strategies are tested before human trials are designed and proceed. Several reproducible animal experimental models, in which human physiologic conditions can be mimicked, are available for studying glioblastoma multiforme. In an ideal rat model, the tumor is of glial origin, grows in predictable and reproducible patterns, closely resembles human gliomas histopathologically, and is weakly or nonimmunogenic. In the current study, we used MRI and histopathologic evaluation to compare the most widely used allogeneic rat glioma model, C6-Wistar, with the F98-Fischer syngeneic rat glioma model in terms of percentage tumor growth or regression and growth rate. In vivo MRI demonstrated considerable variation in tumor volume and frequency between the 2 rat models despite the same stereotactic implantation technique. Faster and more reproducible glioma growth occurred in the immunoresponsive environment of the F98-Fischer model, because the immune response is minimized toward syngeneic cells. The marked inability of the C6-Wistar allogeneic system to generate a reproducible model and the episodes of spontaneous tumor regression with this system may have been due to the increased humoral and cellular immune responses after tumor implantation. PMID:28381315

Two-Year Outcomes of the Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER) Randomized Control Trial.

PubMed

Knowlden, Adam P; Conrad, Eric

2018-04-01

Childhood overweight and obesity is a public health epidemic with far-reaching medical, economic, and quality of life consequences. Brief, web-based interventions have received increased attention for their potential to combat childhood obesity. The purpose of our study was to evaluate a web-based, maternal-facilitated childhood obesity prevention intervention dubbed Enabling Mothers to Prevent Pediatric Obesity Through Web-Based Education and Reciprocal Determinism (EMPOWER), for its capacity to elicit sustained effects at the 2-year postintervention follow-up mark. Two interventions were evaluated using a randomized controlled trial design. The experimental, EMPOWER arm received a social cognitive theory intervention ( n = 29) designed to improve four maternal-facilitated behaviors in children (fruit and vegetable consumption, physical activity, sugar-free beverage intake, screen time). The active control arm received a knowledge-based intervention dubbed Healthy Lifestyles ( n = 28), which also targeted the same four behaviors. We identified a significant group-by-time interaction of small effect size for child fruit and vegetable consumption ( p = .033; Cohen's f = 0.139) in the EMPOWER group. The construct of maternal-facilitated environment was positively associated to improvements in child fruit and vegetable behavior. We also found significant main effects for child physical activity ( p = .024; Cohen's f = 0.124); sugar-free beverage intake ( p < .001; Cohen's f = 0.321); and screen time ( p < .001; Cohen's f = 0.303), suggesting both groups improved in these behaviors over time. The EMPOWER arm of the trial resulted in an overall increase of 1.680 daily cups of fruits and vegetables consumed by children, relative to the comparison group ( p < .001, 95% confidence interval = [1.113, 2.248]). Web-based maternal-facilitated interventions can induce sustained effects on child behaviors.

Azadirachtin induced larval avoidance and antifeeding by disruption of food intake and digestive enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster (Diptera: Drosophilidae).

PubMed

Bezzar-Bendjazia, Radia; Kilani-Morakchi, Samira; Maroua, Ferdenache; Aribi, Nadia

2017-11-01

Botanical insecticides are a promising alternative to reduce the harmful effects of synthetic chemicals. Among the botanical biopesticides, azadirachtin obtained from the Indian neem tree Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (Meliaceae) is probably the biorational insecticide with greatest agriculture use nowadays due to its broad insecticide activity. The current study, evaluated the lethal and sublethal effects of azadirachtin on larval avoidance, food intake and digestive enzymes of Drosophila melanogaster larvae as biological model. Azadirachtin was applied topically at two doses LD 25 (0.28μg) and LD 50 (0.67μg) on early third instars larvae. Results evaluated 24h after treatment showed that larvae exhibited significant repellence to azadirachtin and prefer keeping in untreated arenas rather than moving to treated one. In addition, azadirachtin avoidance was more marked in larvae previously treated with this compound as compared with naïf larvae (controls). Moreover, azadirachtin treatment decreased significantly the amount of larval food intake. Finally, azadirachtin reduced significantly the activity of larval α-amylase, chitinase and protease and increased the activity of lipase. This finding showed that azadirachtin induced behavioral and physiological disruption affecting the ability of the insect to digest food. This rapid installation of avoidance and long term antifeedancy might reinforce the action of azadirachtin and provide a new behavioral strategy for integrated pest management programs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Coping with Trauma and Stressful Events As a Patient with an Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator

MedlinePlus

... 28, 2013 Jessica Ford From the Departments of Psychology (J.F., S.F.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S. ... site Samuel F. Sears From the Departments of Psychology (J.F., S.F.S.) and Department of Cardiovascular Sciences (S. ...

Changes in Binding of [(123)I]CLINDE, a High-Affinity Translocator Protein 18 kDa (TSPO) Selective Radioligand in a Rat Model of Traumatic Brain Injury.

PubMed

Donat, Cornelius K; Gaber, Khaled; Meixensberger, Jürgen; Brust, Peter; Pinborg, Lars H; Hansen, Henrik H; Mikkelsen, Jens D

2016-06-01

After traumatic brain injury (TBI), secondary injuries develop, including neuroinflammatory processes that contribute to long-lasting impairments. These secondary injuries represent potential targets for treatment and diagnostics. The translocator protein 18 kDa (TSPO) is expressed in activated microglia cells and upregulated in response to brain injury and therefore a potential biomarker of the neuroinflammatory processes. Second-generation radioligands of TSPO, such as [(123)I]CLINDE, have a higher signal-to-noise ratio as the prototype ligand PK11195. [(123)I]CLINDE has been employed in human studies using single-photon emission computed tomography to image the neuroinflammatory response after stroke. In this study, we used the same tracer in a rat model of TBI to determine changes in TSPO expression. Adult Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to moderate controlled cortical impact injury and sacrificed at 6, 24, 72 h and 28 days post surgery. TSPO expression was assessed in brain sections employing [(123)I]CLINDE in vitro autoradiography. From 24 h to 28 days post surgery, injured animals exhibited a marked and time-dependent increase in [(123)I]CLINDE binding in the ipsilateral motor, somatosensory and parietal cortex, as well as in the hippocampus and thalamus. Interestingly, binding was also significantly elevated in the contralateral M1 motor cortex following TBI. Craniotomy without TBI caused a less marked increase in [(123)I]CLINDE binding, restricted to the ipsilateral hemisphere. Radioligand binding was consistent with an increase in TSPO mRNA expression and CD11b immunoreactivity at the contusion site. This study demonstrates the applicability of [(123)I]CLINDE for detailed regional and quantitative assessment of glial activity in experimental models of TBI.

A mathematical and experimental simulation of the hematological response to weightlessness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kimzey, S. L.; Leonard, J. I.; Johnson, P. C.

1979-01-01

A mathematical model of erythropoiesis control was used to simulate the effects of bedrest and zero-g on the circulating red cell mass. The model incorporates the best current understanding of the dynamics of red cell production and destruction and the associated feedback regulation. Specifically studied were the hemodynamic responses of a 28-day bedrest study devised to simulate Skylab experience. The results support the hypothesis that red cell loss during supine bedrest is a normal physiological feedback process in response to hemoconcentration enhanced tissue oxygenation and suppression of red cell production. Model simulation suggested the possibilities that this period was marked by some combination of increased oxygen-hemoglobin affinity, small reduction in mean red cell life span, ineffective erythropoiesis, or abnormal reticulocytosis.

Characterization and Modeling of High Power Microwave Effects in CMOS Microelectronics

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

margin measurement 28 Any voltage above the line marked VIH is considered a valid logic high on the input of the gate. VIH and VIL are defined...can handle any voltage noise level at the input up to VIL without changing state. The region in between VIL and VIH is considered an invalid logic...29 Table 2.2: Intrinsic device characteristics derived from SPETCRE simulations   VIH  (V)  VIL (V)  High Noise Margin  (V)  Low Noise Margin (V

Influence of Toothbrushing on the Antierosive Effect of Film-Forming Agents.

PubMed

Scaramucci, Taís; João-Souza, Samira Helena; Lippert, Frank; Eckert, George J; Aoki, Idalina V; Hara, Anderson T

2016-01-01

This study evaluated the influence of toothbrushing on the antierosive effect of solutions containing sodium fluoride (225 ppm/F), stannous chloride (800 ppm/Sn), sodium linear polyphosphate (2%/LPP), and their combinations, and deionized water as negative control (C). Solutions were tested in a 5-day erosion-remineralization-abrasion cycling model, using enamel and dentin specimens (n = 8). Erosion was performed 6 times/day for 5 min, exposure to the test solutions 3 times/day for 2min, and toothbrushing (or not) with toothpaste slurry 2 times/day for 2 min (45 strokes). Surface loss (SL) was determined by noncontact profilometry. Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA (α = 0.05). Brushing caused more SL than no brushing for enamel (mean ± SD, in micrometers: 52.7 ± 6.6 and 33.0 ± 4.5, respectively), but not for dentin (28.2 ± 1.9 and 26.6 ± 1.8, respectively). For enamel without brushing, F+LPP+Sn showed the lowest SL (23.8 ± 3.4), followed by F+Sn (30.6 ± 4.9) and F+LPP (31.7 ± 1.7), which did not differ from each other. No differences were found between the other groups and C (37.8 ± 2.1). When brushing, F+LPP+Sn exhibited the lowest SL (36.7 ± 2.4), not differing from F+LPP (39.1 ± 1.8). F, F+Sn and LPP+Sn were similar (46.7 ± 2.9, 42.1 ± 2.8 and 45.3 ± 4.6, respectively) and better than C (52.7 ± 4.3). Sn (55.0 ± 2.4) and LPP (51.0 ± 4.3) did not differ from C. For dentin, neither groups differed from C, regardless of brushing. In conclusion, toothbrushing did not affect the antierosive effect of F+Sn, F+LPP and F+LPP+Sn on enamel, although overall it led to more erosion than nonbrushing. F and LPP+Sn showed a protective effect only under brushing conditions, whereas Sn and LPP did not exhibit any protection. For dentin, neither toothbrushing nor the test solutions influenced the development of erosion. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Tolerance and UQ4SIM: Nimble Uncertainty Documentation and Analysis Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kleb, Bil

2008-01-01

Ultimately, scientific numerical models need quantified output uncertainties so that modeling can evolve to better match reality. Documenting model input uncertainties and variabilities is a necessary first step toward that goal. Without known input parameter uncertainties, model sensitivities are all one can determine, and without code verification, output uncertainties are simply not reliable. The basic premise of uncertainty markup is to craft a tolerance and tagging mini-language that offers a natural, unobtrusive presentation and does not depend on parsing each type of input file format. Each file is marked up with tolerances and optionally, associated tags that serve to label the parameters and their uncertainties. The evolution of such a language, often called a Domain Specific Language or DSL, is given in [1], but in final form it parallels tolerances specified on an engineering drawing, e.g., 1 +/- 0.5, 5 +/- 10%, 2 +/- 10 where % signifies percent and o signifies order of magnitude. Tags, necessary for error propagation, can be added by placing a quotation-mark-delimited tag after the tolerance, e.g., 0.7 +/- 20% 'T_effective'. In addition, tolerances might have different underlying distributions, e.g., Uniform, Normal, or Triangular, or the tolerances may merely be intervals due to lack of knowledge (uncertainty). Finally, to address pragmatic considerations such as older models that require specific number-field formats, C-style format specifiers can be appended to the tolerance like so, 1.35 +/- 10U_3.2f. As an example of use, consider figure 1, where a chemical reaction input file is has been marked up to include tolerances and tags per table 1. Not only does the technique provide a natural method of specifying tolerances, but it also servers as in situ documentation of model uncertainties. This tolerance language comes with a utility to strip the tolerances (and tags), to provide a path to the nominal model parameter file. And, as shown in [1], having the ability to quickly mark and identify model parameter uncertainties facilitates error propagation, which in turn yield output uncertainties.

Flight Test Results on the Stability and Control of the F-15 Quiet Spike(TradeMark) Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moua, Cheng M.; McWherter, Shaun C.; Cox, Timothy H.; Gera, Joe

2012-01-01

The Quiet Spike F-15B flight research program investigated supersonic shock reduction using a 24-ft sub-scale telescoping nose boom on an F-15B airplane. The program primary flight test objective was to collect flight data for aerodynamic and structural models validation up to 1.8 Mach. Other objectives were to validate the mechanical feasibility of a morphing fuselage at the operational conditions and determine the near-field shock wave characterization. The stability and controls objectives were to assess the effect of the spike on the stability, controllability, and handling qualities of the aircraft and to ensure adequate stability margins across the entire research flight envelop. The two main stability and controls issues were the effects of the telescoping nose boom influenced aerodynamics on the F-15B aircraft flight dynamics and air data and angle of attack sensors. This paper reports on the stability and controls flight envelope clearance methods and flight test analysis of the F-15B Quiet Spike. Brief pilot commentary on typical piloting tasks, approach and landing, refueling task, and air data sensitivity to the flight control system are also discussed in this report.

Muscle dysmorphia in elite-level power lifters and bodybuilders: a test of differences within a conceptual model.

PubMed

Lantz, Christopher D; Rhea, Deborah J; Cornelius, Allen E

2002-11-01

The purpose of this study was to determine if associated characteristics of muscle dysmorphia (MD) were different between elite-level competitive bodybuilders and power lifters. Elite-level competitive bodybuilders (n = 100) and power lifters (n = 68) completed the muscle dysmorphia inventory (MDI) at the time of or immediately before competition. A 2 x 6 (group x MDI subscales) multivariate analysis of variance indicated that bodybuilders were significantly more likely to report body size-symmetry concerns (F(1, 167) = 10.31, p < 0.001), physique protection (F(1, 167) = 10.27, p < 0.001), dietary behavior (F(1, 167) = 28.38, p < 0.001), and pharmacological use (F(1, 167) = 19.64, p < 0.001) than were power lifters. These results suggest that elite-level bodybuilders are significantly more likely to engage in characteristics associated with MD than are elite-level power lifters.

Ministry of Defence Main Estimates 2009-10

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-02

fR 2 M O G C ha ng es " 13 .7 " 13 .7 " 13 .7 0. 0 F le x C ap it al to R es ou rc e. 60 0. 0 60 0. 0...as h R el ea se 48 .9 48 .9 " 48 .9 0 0. 0 N D P B C os ts 13 2. 1 9. 5 14 1. 6 14 1. 6 0. 9 0. 9 R fR 1 T ot al 23 ,8 87 .1 11 ,6 32 .5 35 ,5 19 .6 17...rs O ut " 28 .0 " 28 .0 " 28 .0 R es er ve B id 2, 38 4. 3 42 2.

A new anion-deficient fluorite-related superstructure of Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Đorđević, T., E-mail: tamara.djordjevic@univie.ac.at; Karanović, Lj., E-mail: ljika2002@yahoo.com

2014-12-15

New hydrothermally synthesized Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62} was structurally characterized using single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62} crystallizes in the novel type of defect fluorite structure related to the face-centered cubic δ-Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}. It is monoclinic, s. g. P2{sub 1}/c, and the relation to the fluorite subcell is given as a∼(3/2)a{sub F}+(3/2)c{sub F}; b∼ −b{sub F}; c∼2a{sub F} −4c{sub F} (F in subscript indicate the unit cell parameter of fluorite). Its structure is characterized by slabs of edge sharing OBi{sub 4} tetrahedra surrounded by the OBi{sub 3} triangles. As a part of these OBi{sub 3} triangles, twomore » positionally disordered Bi{sup 3+} cations were observed in the marginal part of the slabs. The slabs are extending along b axis and are linked by inter-slab portion of the structure composed of VO{sub 4} tetrahedra and BiO{sub 6−x} coordination polyhedra, where x is a number of vacant oxygen sites. Raman spectra verified the coordination environment of vanadium atoms in the structure. - Graphical abstract: The [4{sup ¯}01] projection of two slabs and inter-slab part of the structure in one layer parallel to the (3{sup ¯}08)=(002{sup ¯}){sub F} plane (F in subscript indicate a fluorite type structure). The large green circles are Bi atoms. Small blue circles represent partly and fully occupied O sites, respectively. Pink (hatched black) are V1O{sub 4} and blue (hatched white) are V2O{sub 4} coordination tetrahedra. - Highlights: • Single crystals of Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62} were grown using hydrothermal technique. • The crystal structure of Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62} was solved using single-crystal XRD method. • Bi{sub 28}V{sub 8}O{sub 62} has an anion-deficient fluorite-related superstructure. • Raman spectrum confirmed the coordination environment of vanadium atoms. • Relation to the structurally related compound was discussed.« less

A Probe for Measuring Spacecraft Surface Potentials Using a Direct-Gate Field Effect Transistor.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-30

SURFACE POTENTIALS USING A DIRECT-GATE FIELD EFFECT TRANSISTOR Mark N. Horenstein Anton Havretic Trustees of Boston University 881 Commonwealth Avenue...1933 Transistor 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(s) S. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(&) ’_5 Mark N. Horenstein Anton Mavretic F19628-82-K-00 34...at AFGL. These tests can be considered the bench mark tests for device performance, with all elements of the monitoring system optimized to eliminate

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 658 - Trucks Over 80,000 Pounds on the Interstate System and Trucks Over STAA Lengths on the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of Utah Utah US 160 US 163 New Mexico US 163 US 160 Utah LEGAL CITATIONS ARS 28-107 ARS 28-1009 ARS 28-1011.O ARS 28-108.5 ARS 28-1009.01 ARS 28-1012 ARS 28-108.13 ARS 28-1011.A ARS 28-1013 ARS 28-108.14 ARS 28-1011.C ARS 28-1014 ARS 28-403 ARS 28-1011.F ARS 28-1031 ARS 28-405 ARS 28-1011.K ARS 28...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 658 - Trucks Over 80,000 Pounds on the Interstate System and Trucks Over STAA Lengths on the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of Utah Utah US 160 US 163 New Mexico US 163 US 160 Utah LEGAL CITATIONS ARS 28-107 ARS 28-1009 ARS 28-1011.O ARS 28-108.5 ARS 28-1009.01 ARS 28-1012 ARS 28-108.13 ARS 28-1011.A ARS 28-1013 ARS 28-108.14 ARS 28-1011.C ARS 28-1014 ARS 28-403 ARS 28-1011.F ARS 28-1031 ARS 28-405 ARS 28-1011.K ARS 28...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 658 - Trucks Over 80,000 Pounds on the Interstate System and Trucks Over STAA Lengths on the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of Utah Utah US 160 US 163 New Mexico US 163 US 160 Utah LEGAL CITATIONS ARS 28-107 ARS 28-1009 ARS 28-1011.O ARS 28-108.5 ARS 28-1009.01 ARS 28-1012 ARS 28-108.13 ARS 28-1011.A ARS 28-1013 ARS 28-108.14 ARS 28-1011.C ARS 28-1014 ARS 28-403 ARS 28-1011.F ARS 28-1031 ARS 28-405 ARS 28-1011.K ARS 28...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 658 - Trucks Over 80,000 Pounds on the Interstate System and Trucks Over STAA Lengths on the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of Utah Utah US 160 US 163 New Mexico US 163 US 160 Utah LEGAL CITATIONS ARS 28-107 ARS 28-1009 ARS 28-1011.O ARS 28-108.5 ARS 28-1009.01 ARS 28-1012 ARS 28-108.13 ARS 28-1011.A ARS 28-1013 ARS 28-108.14 ARS 28-1011.C ARS 28-1014 ARS 28-403 ARS 28-1011.F ARS 28-1031 ARS 28-405 ARS 28-1011.K ARS 28...

23 CFR Appendix C to Part 658 - Trucks Over 80,000 Pounds on the Interstate System and Trucks Over STAA Lengths on the National...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of Utah Utah US 160 US 163 New Mexico US 163 US 160 Utah LEGAL CITATIONS ARS 28-107 ARS 28-1009 ARS 28-1011.O ARS 28-108.5 ARS 28-1009.01 ARS 28-1012 ARS 28-108.13 ARS 28-1011.A ARS 28-1013 ARS 28-108.14 ARS 28-1011.C ARS 28-1014 ARS 28-403 ARS 28-1011.F ARS 28-1031 ARS 28-405 ARS 28-1011.K ARS 28...

Formulation of an RP-1 Pyrolysis Surrogate from Shock Tube Measurements of Fuel and Ethylene Time Histories

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

They also provide modelers (in both kinetics and computational fluid dynamics) with a method of representing, during simulation, a fuel that may have...1 and RP-2 from [Huber 2009a] Composition, mole fraction Fluid RP-1 surrogate RP-2 surrogate -methyldecalin 0.354 0.354 5-methylnonane 0.150...modeling and experimental results. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 28(7):701–708, 2004. L. F. Albright, B. L. Crynes, and W. H. Corcoran

F-111C Flight Data Reduction and Analysis Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

BPHI NO 24 BTHE YES 25 BPSI NO 26 BH YES 27 LVEL NO 28 LBET NO 29 LALP YES 30 LPHI NO 31 LTHE NO 32 LPSI NO 33 LH NO 34 TABLE 2 INPUTS I Ax YES 2 Av NO...03 * 51 IJ Appendix G - A priori Data from Six Degree of Free- dom Flight Dynamic Model The six degree of freedom flight dynamic mathematical model of...Estimated Mathematical mode response - > of aircraft !Gauss- Maximum " Newton --- likelihood 4,computational cost Salgorithm function Maximum

An Experimental Study of an Ultra-Mobile Vehicle for Off-Road Transportation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

commenced with the * aluminum plate from which the links will be fabricated having been cut out. Welding of the leg links is-in progress. The leg boxes , which...Control forkoulh-Ternain Locomotion i Multilegged Robot Vehicle, TEX di s~s- rt o n, March, 1984.- 28. Ozguner, F. and Kao, M.L., "A Multimicroprocessor...efficient structure. 3.3.1 Body Model The body is modelled as a hexahedral box with the top plane wider than the bottom plane, which allows the abduction

An IBM-3 analysis of the nuclei just beyond the magic numbers N = Z = 28

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elliott, J. P.; Evans, J. A.; Lac, V. S.; Long, G. L.

1996-02-01

The isospin-invariant form IBM-3 of the interacting boson model has been used to study energies and electromagnetic properties of the isotopes of nickel, zinc, germanium and selenium in the first half of the 1p {3}/{2}, 0f {5}/{2} and 1p {1}/{2} shell. The hamiltonian and electromagnetic operators vary with boson number and isospin in a manner determined by a mapping into the shell-model based on seniority and reduced isospin.

Verification of the Chesapeake Bay Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

points on the model. Each inflow control unit consists of a pressure regulator , a digital flow control valve, and a flowmeter (Fig- ure 8). A mechanical...spring-type pressure regulator ensures constant pressure to the digital flow control valve. Each digital valve contains eight solenoid valve actuators...FT) =0.798 EEOC 1DGS 2.78 EPOCH (DEGS) - 11. 84 3 DATA TAKEN: AC(0) = 0. 11 38 F T A (0)= 0. 1653 FT 28 MAR 1978 RANGE (FT) - 1.638 RANGE (FT

Tg.rasH2 Mice and not CByB6F1 Mice Should Be Used for 28-Day Dose Range Finding Studies Prior to 26-Week Tg.rasH2 Carcinogenicity Studies.

PubMed

Paranjpe, Madhav G; Belich, Jessica; Vidmar, Tom J; Elbekai, Reem H; McKeon, Marie; Brown, Caren

Our recent retrospective analysis of data, collected from 29 Tg.rasH2 mouse carcinogenicity studies, determined how successful the strategy of choosing the high dose for the 26-week studies was based on the estimated maximum tolerated dose (EMTD) derived from earlier 28-day dose range finding (DRF) studies conducted in CByB6F1 mice. Our analysis demonstrated that the high doses applied at EMTD in the 26-week Tg.rasH2 studies failed to detect carcinogenic effects. To investigate why the dose selection process failed in the 26-week carcinogenicity studies, the initial body weights, terminal body weights, body weight gains, food consumption, and mortality from the first 4 weeks of 26-week studies with Tg.rasH2 mice were compared with 28-day DRF studies conducted with CByB6F1 mice. Both the 26-week and the earlier respective 28-day studies were conducted with the exact same vehicle, test article, and similar dose levels. The analysis of our results further emphasizes that the EMTD and subsequent lower doses, determined on the basis of the 28-day studies in CByB6F1 mice, may not be an accurate strategy for selecting appropriate dose levels for the 26-week carcinogenicity studies in Tg.rasH2 mice. Based on the analysis presented in this article, we propose that the Tg.rasH2 mice and not the CByB6F1 mice should be used in future DRF studies. The Tg.rasH2 mice demonstrate more toxicity than the CByB6F1 mice, possibly because of their smaller size compared to CByB6F1 mice. Also, the Tg.rasH2 males appear to be more sensitive than the female Tg.rasH2 mice.

October 2003 Status of Forces Survey of DoD Civilians: Tabulations of Responses

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-03-01

182 e. Employee assistance programs .............................................................. 184 f. Support groups...202 60. Mark your level of satisfaction with employee assistance programs ..............204 61. Mark your level of satisfaction...services provided by your organization? e. Employee assistance programs 1. Yes 2. No 3. Not available Percentages Percent Responding 1 2 3 Max

Development of a traffic control devices and pavement markings manual for Iowa's cities and counties with a survey of common practices

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-04-01

The purpose of this project was to develop and distribute a manual that would provide local agencies in Iowa with practical advice and guidance for traffic control devices and pavement markings installation and maintenance. The project included the f...

Longitudinal Behavioral Effects of a School-Based Fruit and Vegetable Promotion Program

PubMed Central

Franko, Debra L.; Thompson, Douglas R.; Power, Thomas J.; Stallings, Virginia A.

2010-01-01

Objective This study examined the longitudinal effects of a school-based program on kindergarten and first grade children's fruit and vegetable (F&V) consumption. Methods The program included lunchroom, classroom, school-wide, and family components. The primary dependent variable, F&V consumed at lunch, was assessed using weighed plate waste. Hierarchical linear models were used to analyze the differences between intervention and control groups and to account for repeated measurements. Results Children in the experimental group consumed more F&V (F = 29 g; V = 6 g; 0.43 portions/lunch; 0.28 servings/lunch) at the end of Year 1 compared with children in the control group. At the end of Year 2, children in the experimental group consumed more fruit (21 g; 0.23 portions/lunch; 0.15 servings/lunch), but not more vegetables compared with children in the control group. Conclusions The intervention resulted in increased F&V consumption, with more pronounced and enduring effects for fruits than vegetables. PMID:19439567

F2 region response to geomagnetic disturbances across Indian latitudes: O(1S) dayglow emission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Upadhayaya, A. K.; Gupta, Sumedha; Brahmanandam, P. S.

2016-03-01

The morphology of ionospheric storms has been investigated across equatorial and low latitudes of Indian region. The deviation in F2 region characteristic parameters (foF2 and h'F) along with modeled green line dayglow emission intensities is examined at equatorial station Thiruvananthapuram (8.5°N, 76.8°E, 0.63°S geomagnetic latitude) and low-latitude station Delhi (28.6°N, 77.2°E,19.2°N geomagnetic latitude) during five geomagnetic storm events. Both positive and negative phases have been noticed in this study. The positive storm phase over equatorial station is found to be more frequent, while the drop in ionization in most of the cases was observed at low-latitude station. It is concluded that the reaction as seen at different ionospheric stations may be quite different during the same storm depending on both the geographic and geomagnetic coordinates of the station, storm intensity, and the storm onset time. Modulation in the F2 layer critical frequency at low and equatorial stations during geomagnetic disturbance of 20-23 November 2003 was caused by the storm-induced changes in O/N2. It is also found that International Reference Ionosphere 2012 model predicts the F2 layer characteristic (foF2 and h'F) parameters at both the low and equatorial stations during disturbed days quite reasonably. A simulative approach in GLOW model developed by Solomon is further used to estimate the changes in the volume emission rate of green line dayglow emission under quiet and strong geomagnetic conditions. It is found that the O(1S) dayglow thermospheric emission peak responds to varying geomagnetic conditions.

A novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes.

PubMed

Hankir, Mohammed K; Kranz, Mathias; Gnad, Thorsten; Weiner, Juliane; Wagner, Sally; Deuther-Conrad, Winnie; Bronisch, Felix; Steinhoff, Karen; Luthardt, Julia; Klöting, Nora; Hesse, Swen; Seibyl, John P; Sabri, Osama; Heiker, John T; Blüher, Matthias; Pfeifer, Alexander; Brust, Peter; Fenske, Wiebke K

2016-07-01

Phosphodiesterase type 10A (PDE10A) is highly enriched in striatum and is under evaluation as a drug target for several psychiatric/neurodegenerative diseases. Preclinical studies implicate PDE10A in the regulation of energy homeostasis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. By utilizing small-animal PET/MRI and the novel radioligand [(18)F]-AQ28A, we found marked levels of PDE10A in interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of mice. Pharmacological inactivation of PDE10A with the highly selective inhibitor MP-10 recruited BAT and potentiated thermogenesis in vivo In diet-induced obese mice, chronic administration of MP-10 caused weight loss associated with increased energy expenditure, browning of white adipose tissue, and improved insulin sensitivity. Analysis of human PET data further revealed marked levels of PDE10A in the supraclavicular region where brown/beige adipocytes are clustered in adults. Finally, the inhibition of PDE10A with MP-10 stimulated thermogenic gene expression in human brown adipocytes and induced browning of human white adipocytes. Collectively, our findings highlight a novel thermoregulatory role for PDE10A in mouse and human adipocytes and promote PDE10A inhibitors as promising candidates for the treatment of obesity and diabetes. © 2016 The Authors. Published under the terms of the CC BY 4.0 license.

3 CFR 8936 - Proclamation 8936 of February 28, 2013. Read Across America Day, 2013

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... America Day, 2013 8936 Proclamation 8936 Presidential Documents Proclamations Proclamation 8936 of February 28, 2013 Proc. 8936 Read Across America Day, 2013By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Today, people of all ages will mark Read Across America Day by celebrating stories...

The association between physiologic dead-space fraction and mortality in subjects with ARDS enrolled in a prospective multi-center clinical trial.

PubMed

Kallet, Richard H; Zhuo, Hanjing; Liu, Kathleen D; Calfee, Carolyn S; Matthay, Michael A

2014-11-01

We tested the association between pulmonary dead-space fraction (ratio of dead space to tidal volume [V(D)/V(T)]) and mortality in subjects with ARDS (Berlin definition, P(aO2)/F(IO2) ≤ 300 mm Hg; PEEP ≥ 5 cm H2O) enrolled into a clinical trial incorporating lung-protective ventilation. We conducted a prospective, multi-center study at medical-surgical ICUs in the United States. A total of 126 ALI subjects with acute lung injury were enrolled into a phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled study of aerosolized albuterol. V(D)/V(T) and pulmonary mechanics were measured within 4 h of enrollment and repeated daily on study days 1 and 2 in subjects requiring arterial blood gases for clinical management. At baseline, non-survivors had a trend toward higher V(D)/V(T) compared with survivors (0.62 ± 0.11 vs 0.56 ± 0.11, respectively, P = .08). Differences in V(D)/V(T) between non-survivors and survivors became significant on study days 1 (0.64 ± 0.12 vs 0.55 ± 0.11, respectively, P = .01) and 2 (0.67 ± 0.12 vs 0.56 ± 0.11, respectively, P = .004). Likewise, the association between VD/VT and mortality was significant on study day 1 (odds ratio per 0.10 change in V(D)/V(T) [95% CI]: 6.84 [1.62-28.84] P = .01; and study day 2: 4.90 [1.28-18.73] P = .02) after adjusting for V(D)/V(T), P(aO2)/F(IO2), oxygenation index, vasopressor use, and the primary risk for ARDS. Using a Cox proportional hazard model, V(D)/V(T) was associated with a trend toward higher mortality (HR = 4.37 [CI 0.99-19.32], P = .052) that became significant when the analysis was adjusted for daily oxygenation index (HR = 1.74 [95% CI 1.12-3.35] P = .04). Markedly elevated V(D)/V(T) (≥ 0.60) in early ARDS is associated with higher mortality. Measuring V(D)/V(T) may be useful in identifying ARDS patients at increased risk of death who are enrolled into a therapeutic trial. Copyright © 2014 by Daedalus Enterprises.

Preclinical characterization of the selective JAK1/2 inhibitor INCB018424: therapeutic implications for the treatment of myeloproliferative neoplasms

PubMed Central

Quintás-Cardama, Alfonso; Vaddi, Kris; Liu, Phillip; Manshouri, Taghi; Li, Jun; Scherle, Peggy A.; Caulder, Eian; Wen, Xiaoming; Li, Yanlong; Waeltz, Paul; Rupar, Mark; Burn, Timothy; Lo, Yvonne; Kelley, Jennifer; Covington, Maryanne; Shepard, Stacey; Rodgers, James D.; Haley, Patrick; Kantarjian, Hagop

2010-01-01

Constitutive JAK2 activation in hematopoietic cells by the JAK2V617F mutation recapitulates myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) phenotypes in mice, establishing JAK2 inhibition as a potential therapeutic strategy. Although most polycythemia vera patients carry the JAK2V617F mutation, half of those with essential thrombocythemia or primary myelofibrosis do not, suggesting alternative mechanisms for constitutive JAK-STAT signaling in MPNs. Most patients with primary myelofibrosis have elevated levels of JAK-dependent proinflammatory cytokines (eg, interleukin-6) consistent with our observation of JAK1 hyperactivation. Accordingly, we evaluated the effectiveness of selective JAK1/2 inhibition in experimental models relevant to MPNs and report on the effects of INCB018424, the first potent, selective, oral JAK1/JAK2 inhibitor to enter the clinic. INCB018424 inhibited interleukin-6 signaling (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 281nM), and proliferation of JAK2V617F+ Ba/F3 cells (IC50 = 127nM). In primary cultures, INCB018424 preferentially suppressed erythroid progenitor colony formation from JAK2V617F+ polycythemia vera patients (IC50 = 67nM) versus healthy donors (IC50 > 400nM). In a mouse model of JAK2V617F+ MPN, oral INCB018424 markedly reduced splenomegaly and circulating levels of inflammatory cytokines, and preferentially eliminated neoplastic cells, resulting in significantly prolonged survival without myelosuppressive or immunosuppressive effects. Preliminary clinical results support these preclinical data and establish INCB018424 as a promising oral agent for the treatment of MPNs. PMID:20130243

18F-EF5 PET-based Imageable Hypoxia Predicts Local Recurrence in Tumors Treated With Highly Conformal Radiation Therapy.

PubMed

Qian, Yushen; Von Eyben, Rie; Liu, Yufei; Chin, Frederick T; Miao, Zheng; Apte, Sandeep; Carter, Justin N; Binkley, Michael S; Pollom, Erqi L; Harris, Jeremy P; Prionas, Nicolas D; Kissel, Madelyn; Simmons, Amanda; Diehn, Maximilian; Shultz, David B; Brown, J Martin; Maxim, Peter G; Koong, Albert C; Graves, Edward E; Loo, Billy W

2018-04-18

Tumor hypoxia contributes to radiation resistance. A noninvasive assessment of tumor hypoxia would be valuable for prognostication and possibly selection for hypoxia-targeted therapies. 18 F-pentafluorinated etanidazole ( 18 F-EF5) is a nitroimidazole derivative that has demonstrated promise as a positron emission tomography (PET) hypoxia imaging agent in preclinical and clinical studies. However, correlation of imageable hypoxia by 18 F-EF5 PET with clinical outcomes after radiation therapy remains limited. Our study prospectively enrolled 28 patients undergoing radiation therapy for localized lung or other tumors to receive pretreatment 18 F-EF5 PET imaging. Depending on the level of 18 F-EF5 tumor uptake, patients underwent functional manipulation of tumor oxygenation with either carbogen breathing or oral dichloroacetate followed by repeated 18 F-EF5 PET. The hypoxic subvolume of tumor was defined as the proportion of tumor voxels exhibiting higher 18 F-EF5 uptake than the 95th percentile of 18 F-EF5 uptake in the blood pool. Tumors with a hypoxic subvolume ≥ 10% on baseline 18 F-EF5 PET imaging were classified as hypoxic by imaging. A Cox model was used to assess the correlation between imageable hypoxia and clinical outcomes after treatment. At baseline, imageable hypoxia was demonstrated in 43% of all patients (12 of 28), including 6 of 16 patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer treated with stereotactic ablative radiation therapy and 6 of 12 patients with other cancers. Carbogen breathing was significantly associated with decreased imageable hypoxia, while dichloroacetate did not result in a significant change under our protocol conditions. Tumors with imageable hypoxia had a higher incidence of local recurrence at 12 months (30%) than those without (0%) (P < .01). Noninvasive hypoxia imaging by 18 F-EF5 PET identified imageable hypoxia in about 40% of tumors in our study population. Local tumor recurrence after highly conformal radiation therapy was higher in tumors with imageable hypoxia. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overexpression of mutant HSP27 causes axonal neuropathy in mice.

PubMed

Lee, Jinho; Jung, Sung-Chul; Joo, Jaesoon; Choi, Yu-Ri; Moon, Hyo Won; Kwak, Geon; Yeo, Ha Kyung; Lee, Ji-Su; Ahn, Hye-Jee; Jung, Namhee; Hwang, Sunhee; Rheey, Jingeun; Woo, So-Youn; Kim, Ji Yon; Hong, Young Bin; Choi, Byung-Ok

2015-06-19

Mutations in heat shock 27 kDa protein 1 (HSP27 or HSPB1) cause distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) or Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2 F (CMT2F) according to unknown factors. Mutant HSP27 proteins affect axonal transport by reducing acetylated tubulin. We generated a transgenic mouse model overexpressing HSP27-S135F mutant protein driven by Cytomegalovirus (CMV) immediate early promoter. The mouse phenotype was similar to dHMN patients in that they exhibit motor neuropathy. To determine the phenotypic aberration of transgenic mice, behavior test, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), electrophysiological study, and pathology were performed. Rotarod test showed that founder mice exhibited lowered motor performance. MRI also revealed marked fatty infiltration in the anterior and posterior compartments at calf level. Electrophysiologically, compound muscle action potential (CMAP) but not motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV) was reduced in the transgenic mice. Toluidine staining with semi-thin section of sciatic nerve showed the ratio of large myelinated axon fiber was reduced, which might cause reduced locomotion in the transgenic mice. Electron microscopy also revealed abundant aberrant myelination. Immunohistochemically, neuronal dysfunctions included elevated level of phosphorylated neurofilament and reduced level of acetylated tubulin in the sural nerve of transgenic mice. There was no additional phenotype besides motor neuronal defects. Overexpression of HSP27-S135F protein causes peripheral neuropathy. The mouse model can be applied to future development of therapeutic strategies for dHMN or CMT2F.

Chronic Fluoxetine Treatment Upregulates the Activity of the ERK1/2-NF-κB Signaling Pathway in the Hippocampus and Prefrontal Cortex of Rats Exposed to Forced-Swimming Stress.

PubMed

Cui, Jingqiu; Yang, Kun; Yu, Xue; Wang, Jing-Lan; Li, Jie; Zhang, Yong; Li, Hengfen

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to explore whether or not the antidepressant actions of fluoxetine (FLX) are correlated with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) and nuclear factor κ-light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) in the hippocampus (HC) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. A total of 108 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of 18 rats each. Group 1 was the control group, while group 2 comprised the depressed model in which rats were subjected to 28 days of forced-swimming stress (FST); groups 3-6 were also subjected to 28 days of FST and treated with FLX once a day for 1 day (group 3; F1d), 1 week (group 4; F1w), 2 weeks (group 5; F2w), or 4 weeks (group 6; F4w). The control group was not subjected to FST or treated with FLX. Behavior tests that included the Morris water maze (MWM) and saccharin preference were performed, and ERK1/2 and NF-κB proteins were assayed using Western blot. The rats in the control group and in groups 5 and 6 (F2w and F4w, respectively) had a significantly shorter average escape latency, needed more attempts in order to successfully cross the platform, and had a greater saccharin preference than those in the depressed group (p < 0.05). In the depressed group, the phosphorylated ERK1/2 (p-ERK1/2) and phosphorylated NF-κB (p-NF-κB) expression in the HC and PFC were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). Treatment with FLX reversed the changes in the expression of p-ERK1/2 and p-NF-κB in rats in the F2w and F4w groups. In this study, FLX treatment for 2 weeks or longer reversed the impaired spatial learning, memory, and anhedonia observed in the depressed model rats and upregulated the activities of the ERK1/2-NF-κB signaling pathway. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

KSC supplied views of the STS 28 crew suiting up, at breakfast and

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-09

S89-41091 (18 July 1989) --- During the Terminal Countdown Demonstration Test (TCDT), STS-28 crew members are assisted with suiting up in the Operations and Checkout Building prior to departing for pad 39-B. STS-28 and the Space Shuttle Columbia are scheduled to be launched in early August on a Department of Defense dedicated mission. The crew for STS-28 are Commander Brewster H. Shaw; Pilot Richard N. Richards; and Mission Specialists Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson, and David C. Leestma.

A Descriptive Study Assessing Quality of Life for Adults With a Permanent Ostomy and the Influence of Preoperative Stoma Site Marking.

PubMed

Maydick, Diane

2016-05-01

Diseases or anomalies of the genitourinary or gastrointestinal tract often require removal of organs and creation of an artificial opening (stoma) to allow for elimination of urine or stool. Preoperative stoma site marking can affect quality of life (QoL). A descriptive study was conducted to assess the relationship between QoL and preoperative stoma site marking in adults with a permanent ostomy. Using convenience sampling methods, 230 eligible participants attending a United Ostomy Association of America conference were invited to complete a survey of demographics regarding age, gender, time since surgeries, and ostomy type and the City of Hope National Medical Center Quality of Life Ostomy Questionnaire. The latter contains 2 sections of 30 and 43 items each that address life impact and quality of life, respectively. The researcher explained the study and provided a study packet to volunteers who were interested in participating. Volunteers were to complete the surveys over a 4-day period while at the conference; the investigator collected all study materials. Inclusion criteria stipulated study participants must be English writing/reading persons at least 18 years of age with a colostomy, ileostomy, or urostomy. All descriptive statistics (means, standard deviation, frequency, and percents) used to describe demographic and surgical history and quantitative data (logistic regression, cross-tabulation, Pearson product moment correlations, and analysis of covariance) used to determine relationships among factors were entered and analyzed using a computer software program. Of the 140 participants who met inclusion criteria and provided data, the majority (85, 60.7%) had their stoma site marked by a wound, ostomy, continence (WOC) nurse. WOC nurse marking was more likely in recent years, and WOC nurse marking was 1.03 times more likely for each year since stoma surgery (M = 13.44, SD = 13.48). Mean QoL was 7.56 (SD = 1.59, range 3.84-10.00) and was positively correlated with age (r [137] = 0.27, P = 0.001), years since first surgery (r (138) = 0.25, P = 0.003), and years since most recent surgery (r [137] =0.28, P = 0.001). The total number of surgeries was unrelated to QoL. More than 75% of the participants received preoperative marking, with a significant difference in QoL for persons marked by a surgeon (M = 7.71, SE = 0.16) or a WOC nurse (M = 8.82, SE = 0.37) versus another professional (M = 4.83, SE = 1.05) (F [3.118] = 3.44, P = 0.19). The increasing prevalence of preoperative stoma site marking by a WOC nurse over time serves as a benchmark for this centerpiece of WOC nursing practice. The findings confirm the need for stoma site marking and validate the impact of stoma site marking by the WOC nurse.

Modelling of photodegradation in solar cell modules of substrate and superstrate design made with ethylene-vinyl acetate as pottant material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Somersall, A. C.; Guillet, J. E.

1982-01-01

A computer model which simulates, in principle, the chemical changes in the photooxidation of hydrocarbons using as input data a set of elementary reactions, corresponding kinetic rate data and appropriate initial conditions was developed. The Model was refined and exploited to examine more closely the photooxidation and photostabilization of a hydrocarbon polymer. The results lead to the following observations. (1) The time to failure, tau sub f (chosen as the level of 5% C-H bond oxidation which is within the range anticipated for marked change in mechanical properties) varies as the inverse square root of the light intensity. However, tau sub f is almost unaffected by both the photoinitiator type and concentration. (2) The time to failure decreases with the rate of abstraction of C-H by peroxy radicals but increases with the rate of bimolecular radical termination controlled by diffusion. (3) Of the various stabilization mechanisms considered, the trapping of peroxy radicals is distinctly the most effective, although the concommitant decomposition of hydroperoxide is also desirable.

Triptolide abrogates growth of colon cancer and induces cell cycle arrest by inhibiting transcriptional activation of E2F.

PubMed

Oliveira, Amanda; Beyer, Georg; Chugh, Rohit; Skube, Steven J; Majumder, Kaustav; Banerjee, Sulagna; Sangwan, Veena; Li, Lihua; Dawra, Rajinder; Subramanian, Subbaya; Saluja, Ashok; Dudeja, Vikas

2015-06-01

Despite significant progress in diagnostics and therapeutics, over 50 thousand patients die from colorectal cancer annually. Hence, there is urgent need for new lines of treatment. Triptolide, a natural compound isolated from the Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii, is effective against multiple cancers. We have synthesized a water soluble analog of triptolide, named Minnelide, which is currently in phase I trial against pancreatic cancer. The aims of the current study were to evaluate whether triptolide/Minnelide is effective against colorectal cancer and to elucidate the mechanism by which triptolide induces cell death in colorectal cancer. Efficacy of Minnelide was evaluated in subcutaneous xenograft and liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer. For mechanistic studies, colon cancer cell lines HCT116 and HT29 were treated with triptolide and the effect on viability, caspase activation, annexin positivity, lactate dehydrogenase release, and cell cycle progression was evaluated. Effect of triptolide on E2F transcriptional activity, mRNA levels of E2F-dependent genes, E2F1- retinoblastoma protein (Rb) binding, and proteins levels of regulator of G1-S transition was also measured. DNA binding of E2F1 was evaluated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assay. Triptolide decreased colon cancer cell viability in a dose- and time-dependent fashion. Minnelide markedly inhibited the growth of colon cancer in the xenograft and liver metastasis model of colon cancer and more than doubles the median survival of animals with liver metastases from colon cancer. Mechanistically, we demonstrate that at low concentrations triptolide induces apoptotic cell death but at higher concentrations it induces cell cycle arrest. Our data suggest that triptolide is able to induce G1 cell cycle arrest by inhibiting transcriptional activation of E2F1. Our data also show that triptolide downregulates E2F activity by potentially modulating events downstream of DNA binding. Therefore, we conclude that Triptolide and Minnelide are effective against colon cancer in multiple pre-clinical models.

Analysis of the WindSat Receiver Frequency Passbands

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-12

water vapor ( PWV ) calculated for each atmospheric profile. The differences for the 18.7 and 23.8 GHz bands vary with PWV . Modeled Tb’s for receiver...precipitable water vapor ( PWV ). WindSat Receiver Frequency Passbands 11 22 24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 REU Temperature (°C) 0 1 2 3 4 5 P er ce nt o f O cc

[Fluoride release and recharge properties of six restorative materials].

PubMed

Gui, Yajie; Zhao, Xinyi; Li, Shibao; Tang, Lihui; Gong, Xu

2015-01-01

To evaluate the F(-) releasing and recharging properties of six dental restorative materials. Disc specimens 10 mm in diameter and 1 mm in thickness were prepared from 6 different dental restorative materials: Fuji VII [glass ionomer cement (GIC)], Fuji II LC (light-curing, GIC), Beautifil (giomer), Compoglass F (compomer), Charisma (composite) and Experimental I (a fluoride releasing composite), with 10 discs for each material. Specimens were dipped in 5 ml deionized water and F(-) release was detected using a fluoride-specific ion electrode every day from 1-7 days and every three days from 8-28 days. On day 28, specimens were exposed to a fluoride foam for 4 min and then dipped in water, then the F(-) concentration was detected every day for a week. The specimens were exposed to fluoride foam and fluoride release was detected repeatedly for three times. All materials presented the highest F(-) release on the first day after dipping and the F(-) release sharply decreased after 24 h and slowly decreased after 3 days. On the first day, Fuji VII presented the highest F(-) release[(99.68±15.21) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)], followed by Fuji II LC [(37.12±1.67) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)], Experimental I [(22.93±1.53) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)], Compoglass F[(15.28±0.70) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)], Beautifil[(2.40±0.52) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)] and Charisma[(0.11±0.02) µg×cm(-2)×d(-1)]. Within 28 days of dipping, both Fuji VII and Fuji II LC released more F(-) than other materials did(P < 0.05), followed by Compoglass F and Experimental I, and Beautifil and Charisma released the least F(-)(P < 0.01). After F(-) uptake, all materials released the highest F- on the first day and presented sharply decrease after 24 h and slowly decrease after 2 days. On the first day after F(-) uptake, Fuji VII presented the highest F(-) release (>40 µg×cm(-2) ×d(-1)), much more than other materials(P < 0.01), followed by Fuji II LC(>25 µg×cm(-2) ×d(-1)). Beautifil, Compoglass F and Experimental I were close in F(-) release value(15- 20 µg × cm(-2) × d(-1)), and Charisma showed the lowest F(-) release. Two glass ionomers were shown to have highest capacity in F(-) release and uptake, followed by compomer and fluoride releasing composite. Composite demonstrated the lowest F(-) release and uptake and Giomer was comparable to composite in F(-) release and to compomer and fluoride releasing composite in F(-) uptake.

Carbon and nitrogen abundances in F- and G-type stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clegg, R. E. S.

1977-01-01

Carbon and nitrogen abundances have been obtained for a sample of 11-F- and G-type dwarfs covering a range in Fe/H abundance ratio from -0.8 to +0.3. Model atmospheres, which included the effects of convection and line blanketing, were used to calculate synthetic spectra of the CH, CN, and NH molecular bands. Effective oscillator strengths for the bands studied were found by matching synthetic spectra calculated from a model solar atmosphere with the observed solar bands. Many of the metal-poor stars, and particularly the high-velocity stars, were found to have substantial nitrogen over-deficiencies, suggesting that N is manufactured mostly in a secondary manner. The carbon-to-iron ratios were similar to the solar ratio, although there may be slight C over-deficiencies in metal-poor stars. However, the variation in C/Fe is not as marked as that found recently by Hearnshaw (1974). A comprehensive discussion of the theoretical errors is given, and some applications to Galactic evolution are noted.

Different sensing modes of fluoride and acetate based on a calix[4]arene with 25,27-bistriazolylmethylpyrenylacetamides.

PubMed

Hung, Hao-Chih; Chang, Yung-Yu; Luo, Liyang; Hung, Chen-Hsiung; Diau, Eric Wei-Guang; Chung, Wen-Sheng

2014-02-01

25,27-Bis{1'-N-(1-pyrenyl)-aminocarbonylmethyl-1H-[1',2',3']tri-azolyl-4'-methoxy}-26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene, 4, is synthesized as a fluorescent chemosensor for the selective detection of both anions and ion pairs in MeCN. Sensor 4 uses bis-triazoles as ligands to bind a metal ion, bis-amides and bis-triazoles as the sites to recognize anions, and pyrenes as fluorophores. Among eight anions screened, chemosensor 4 showed a marked fluorescence change toward F(-), H2PO4(-) and AcO(-), but 4 responded to each anion in a distinct way. In the presence of F(-) at low concentrations, the dynamic excimer emission of compound 4 at λ(max) 482 nm was quenched, but an emission at λ(max) 472 nm appeared at large doses of F(-). A control compound 6 showed very similar red shifts in the UV-vis and excitation spectra as 4 did, and its 472 nm emission band grew as the fluoride doses increased. Thus, the growth of the 472 nm emission of 4 and 6 in the presence of excess F(-) may be because strong H-bonding interactions of amido protons with F(-) favoured the formation of pyrene dimers in the ground state with charge transfer characteristics. The addition of H2PO4(-), unlike F(-), to a solution of 4 showed an enhanced monomer emission but a decreased excimer emission (λ(max) 482 nm). Adding AcO(-) to 4 produced a systematic change from a dynamic excimer (λ(max) 482 nm) to λ(max) 472 nm but with very little change in the UV-vis spectrum. Time-resolved fluorescence measurements on compound 6 with F(-) and AcO(-) confirmed that the 472 nm emission band mainly came from static excimers for the former, but was partly from a dynamic excimer for the latter because it contained a growth component in the fluorescence decay traces. Without pre-treatment with an anion, chemosensor 4 showed recognition of only metal ions Cu(2+), Hg(2+) and Cr(3+), but it became sensitive to Ag(+) when it was pretreated with fluoride.

Jet Fuel Kerosene is not Immunosuppressive in Mice or Rats Following Inhalation for 28 Days

PubMed Central

White, Kimber L.; DeLorme, Michael P.; Beatty, Patrick W.; Smith, Matthew J.; Peachee, Vanessa L.

2013-01-01

Previous reports indicated that inhalation of JP-8 aviation turbine fuel is immunosuppressive. However, in some of those studies, the exposure concentrations were underestimated, and percent of test article as vapor or aerosol was not determined. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the observed effects are attributable to the base hydrocarbon fuel (jet fuel kerosene) or to the various fuel additives in jet fuels. The present studies were conducted, in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations, to evaluate the effects of jet fuel kerosene on the immune system, in conjunction with an accurate, quantitative characterization of the aerosol and vapor exposure concentrations. Two female rodent species (B6C3F1 mice and Crl:CD rats) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to jet fuel kerosene at targeted concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/m3 for 6 h daily for 28 d. Humoral, cell-mediated, and innate immune functions were subsequently evaluated. No marked effects were observed in either species on body weights, spleen or thymus weights, the T-dependent antibody-forming cell response (plaque assay), or the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. With a few exceptions, spleen cell numbers and phenotypes were also unaffected. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice was unaffected, while the NK assessment in rats was not usable due to an unusually low response in all groups. These studies demonstrate that inhalation of jet fuel kerosene for 28 d at levels up to 2000 mg/m3 did not adversely affect the functional immune responses of female mice and rats. PMID:24028664

Jet fuel kerosene is not immunosuppressive in mice or rats following inhalation for 28 days.

PubMed

White, Kimber L; DeLorme, Michael P; Beatty, Patrick W; Smith, Matthew J; Peachee, Vanessa L

2013-01-01

Previous reports indicated that inhalation of JP-8 aviation turbine fuel is immunosuppressive. However, in some of those studies, the exposure concentrations were underestimated, and percent of test article as vapor or aerosol was not determined. Furthermore, it is unknown whether the observed effects are attributable to the base hydrocarbon fuel (jet fuel kerosene) or to the various fuel additives in jet fuels. The present studies were conducted, in compliance with Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) regulations, to evaluate the effects of jet fuel kerosene on the immune system, in conjunction with an accurate, quantitative characterization of the aerosol and vapor exposure concentrations. Two female rodent species (B6C3F1 mice and Crl:CD rats) were exposed by nose-only inhalation to jet fuel kerosene at targeted concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, or 2000 mg/m(3) for 6 h daily for 28 d. Humoral, cell-mediated, and innate immune functions were subsequently evaluated. No marked effects were observed in either species on body weights, spleen or thymus weights, the T-dependent antibody-forming cell response (plaque assay), or the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response. With a few exceptions, spleen cell numbers and phenotypes were also unaffected. Natural killer (NK) cell activity in mice was unaffected, while the NK assessment in rats was not usable due to an unusually low response in all groups. These studies demonstrate that inhalation of jet fuel kerosene for 28 d at levels up to 2000 mg/m(3) did not adversely affect the functional immune responses of female mice and rats.

75 FR 65056 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Diabetes Mellitus

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-21

..., Timothy U. Herring, Richard L. Hines, David M. Hughes, Eugene G. Hunter, William F. Kanable, William C. Kenney, Paul D. Kimmel, Gregory L. Kuharski, Joe D. Lammey, Robert B. Langston, III, Mark W. Lavorini... exempts, Angel Bergendale, Charles K. Bond, Dennis J. Callanan, Philip F. Carpenter, Brandon M. Coleman...

Rapid Fabrication of Flat Plate Cavity Phosphor Thermography Test Models for Shuttle Return-to-Flight Aero-Heating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buck, Gregory M.; Powers, Michael A.; Nevins, Stephen C.; Griffith, Mark S.; Wainwright, Gary A.

2006-01-01

Methods, materials and equipment are documented for fabricating flat plate test models at NASA Langley Research Center for Shuttle return-to-flight aeroheating experiments simulating open and closed cavity interactions in Langley s hypersonic 20-Inch Mach 6 air wind tunnel. Approximately 96 silica ceramic flat plate cavity phosphor thermography test models have been fabricated using these methods. On one model, an additional slot is machined through the back of the plate and into the cavity and vented into an evacuated plenum chamber to simulate a further opening in the cavity. After sintering ceramic to 2150 F, and mounting support hardware, a ceramic-based two-color thermographic phosphor coating is applied for global temperature and heat transfer measurements, with fiducial markings for image registration.

A New Data Collection System for Ionospheric Modelling and Related Topics

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-15

Fluctuations of sgn, I strengt g d t1sr are cftcn os.;erved :,t utF frequencies in r ,:’i:- a t-e cayn r at r af’rer sunset. Marke d seasom c dependenc es in...Unfortunately there are few choices for real-time operating systems for PCs. The common alternate operating environments such as DeskView, MS Windows or...of the analog I/O and DMA support functions supplied by MetraByte. The processing module is where all the action is. After receiving a full data buffer

Additional Ultracool White Dwarfs Found In The Sloan Digital Sky Survey

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-20

Anderson,4 Patrick B . Hall,5 Jeffrey A. Munn,1 James Liebert,6 Gillian R. Knapp,7 D. Bizyaev,8 E. Malanushenko,8 V. Malanushenko,8 K . Pan,8 Donald P...ADDITIONAL ULTRACOOL WHITE DWARFS FOUND IN THE SLOAN DIGITAL SKY SURVEY Hugh C. Harris,1 Evalyn Gates,2 Geza Gyuk,2,3 Mark Subbarao ,2,3 Scott F...effective temperature of roughly 4000 K , the density of gas in the photosphere increases to a point where models of the atmosphere must include effects not

St. Paul Harbor, St. Paul Island, Alaska; Design for Wave and Shoaling Protection; Hydraulic Model Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-09-01

S P a .E REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMR;oJ ’ , CRR Eo Dale n2 ;R6 ’a 4EPOR- SCRFT CASS F.C.T ON ’b RES’RICTI’,E MARKINGS Unclassified a ECRIT y...and selection of test waves 30. Measured prototype wave data on which a comprehensive statistical analysis of wave conditions could be based were...Tests Existing conditions 32. Prior to testing of the various improvement plans, comprehensive tests were conducted for existing conditions (Plate 1

The effect of CYP1A2 genotype on the ergogenic properties of caffeine during resistance exercise: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover study.

PubMed

Rahimi, Rahman

2018-03-12

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism on the ergogenic effects of caffeine supplementation during a resistance exercise (RE) session. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo (PL)-controlled, crossover study, 30 resistance-trained men took part in two RE sessions (three sets to failure at 85% of one repetition maximum, 2-min rest between sets), including bench press (BP), leg press (LP), seated cable row, and shoulder press (SP) following caffeine (CAF) (6 mg kg -1 ) or PL (6 mg kg -1 of maltodextrin) ingestion 1 h prior to the trial. The number of repetitions was recorded after each set, along with calculation of total number of repetitions for each exercise. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood samples for analyzing the CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism through amplification refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR). Subjects were classified as either AA (n = 14) or AC/CC genotypes (n = 16). The two-way ANOVA with repeated measures revealed differences between AAs and AC/CCs under CAF conditions for repetitions performed in sets 1, 2, and 3 of BP (F (1, 28)  = 14.84, P = 0.001, ƞ 2  = 0.34), LP (F (1, 28)  = 8.92, P = 0.006, ƞ 2  = 0.24), SR (F (1, 28)  = 17.38, P = 0.0001, ƞ 2  = 0.38), and SP (F (1, 28)  = 3.76, P = 0.063, ƞ 2  = 0.11). CAF also increased the total number of repetitions performed for all three sets in AAs versus AC/CCs for BP (F (1, 28)  = 8.72, P = 0.006, ƞ 2  = 0.23), LP (F (1, 28)  = 4.67, P = 0.03, ƞ 2  = 0.14), SR (F (1, 28)  = 5.54, P = 0.02, ƞ 2  = 0.16), and SP (F (1, 28)  = 3.89, P = 0.058, ƞ 2  = 0.12) in athletes who were homozygous carriers of the A allele, compared to the C allele carriers. Therefore, AA homozygotes were able to carry out a greater total volume of RE work under CAF but not PL conditions, compared to the C allele carriers. In conclusion, acute ingestion of CAF significantly enhanced RE performance in resistance-trained men who were homozygous for the A allele, but not for C allele carriers. Further studies are needed to replicate the potential role of the CYP1A2 -163C>A polymorphism on the ergogenic effects of CAF in other modes of exercise and in other populations.

49 CFR Appendix G to Subchapter B... - Minimum Periodic Inspection Standards

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... or broken cable strands. (b) Improper clamps or clamping. f. Saddle-Mounts. (1) Method of attachment... axle. (6) A tube-type radial tire without radial tube stem markings. These markings include a red band around the tube stem, the word “radial” embossed in metal stems, or the word “radial” molded in rubber...

46 CFR 46.15-10 - Subdivision load lines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 and a “diamond” shall be substituted for the “disk”. No “fresh water” line will be marked. [CGFR... located in line with the highest subdivision load line. (f) One fresh water line shall be marked. When a subdivision and a normal load line are combined, the normal fresh water line only shall be used unless the...

A cost-effectiveness model to personalize antiviral therapy in naive patients with genotype 1 chronic hepatitis C.

PubMed

Iannazzo, Sergio; Colombatto, Piero; Ricco, Gabriele; Oliveri, Filippo; Bonino, Ferruccio; Brunetto, Maurizia R

2015-03-01

Rapid virologic response is the best predictor of sustained virologic response with dual therapy in genotype-1 chronic hepatitis C, and its evaluation was proposed to tailor triple therapy in F0-F2 patients. Bio-mathematical modelling of viral dynamics during dual therapy has potentially higher accuracy than rapid virologic in the identification of patients who will eventually achieve sustained response. Study's objective was the cost-effectiveness analysis of a personalized therapy in naïve F0-F2 patients with chronic hepatitis C based on a bio-mathematical model (model-guided strategy) rather than on rapid virologic response (guideline-guided strategy). A deterministic bio-mathematical model of the infected cell dynamics was validated in a cohort of 135 patients treated with dual therapy. A decision-analytic economic model was then developed to compare model-guided and guideline-guided strategies in the Italian setting. The outcomes of the cost-effectiveness analysis with model-guided and guideline-guided strategy were 19.1-19.4 and 18.9-19.3 quality-adjusted-life-years. Total per-patient lifetime costs were €25,200-€26,000 with model-guided strategy and €28,800-€29,900 with guideline-guided strategy. When comparing model-guided with guideline-guided strategy the former resulted more effective and less costly. The adoption of the bio-mathematical predictive criterion has the potential to improve the cost-effectiveness of a personalized therapy for chronic hepatitis C, reserving triple therapy for those patients who really need it. Copyright © 2014 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, crew eats preflight breakfast at KSC O and C Bldg

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

STS-28 crewmembers eat preflight breakfast at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Operations and Checkout (O and C) Building before boarding Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102. Sitting around table (left to right) are Mission Specialist (MS) David C. Leestma, Pilot Richard N. Richards, Commander Brewster H. Shaw, MS James C. Adamson, and MS Mark N. Brown. A cake decorated with the STS-28 mission insignia is in the center of the table.

Mechanism of auditory hypersensitivity in human autism using autism model rats.

PubMed

Ida-Eto, Michiru; Hara, Nao; Ohkawara, Takeshi; Narita, Masaaki

2017-04-01

Auditory hypersensitivity is one of the major complications in autism spectrum disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the auditory brain center is affected in autism model rats. Autism model rats were prepared by prenatal exposure to thalidomide on embryonic day 9 and 10 in pregnant rats. The superior olivary complex (SOC), a complex of auditory nuclei, was immunostained with anti-calbindin d28k antibody at postnatal day 50. In autism model rats, SOC immunoreactivity was markedly decreased. Strength of immunostaining of SOC auditory fibers was also weak in autism model rats. Surprisingly, the size of the medial nucleus of trapezoid body, a nucleus exerting inhibitory function in SOC, was significantly decreased in autism model rats. Auditory hypersensitivity may be, in part, due to impairment of inhibitory processing by the auditory brain center. © 2016 Japan Pediatric Society.

Structural and High-Temperature Tensile Properties of Special Pitch-Coke Graphites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kotlensky, W. V.; Martens, H. E.

1961-01-01

The room-temperature structural properties and the tensile properties up to 5000 F (275O C) were determined for ten grades of specially prepared petroleum-coke coal-tar-pitch graphites which were graphitized at 5430 F (3000 C). One impregnation with coal-tar pitch increased the bulk density from 1.41 to 1.57 g/cm3 and the maximum strength at 4500 F (2500 C) from 4000 to 5700 psi. None of the processing parameters studied had a marked effect on the closed porosity or the X-ray structure or the per cent graphitization. The coarse-particle filler resulted in the lowest coefficient of thermal expansion and the fine-particle filler in the highest coefficient. A marked improvement in uniformity of tensile strength was observed. A standard-deviation analysis gave a one-sigma value of approximately 150 psi for one of these special grades and values of 340-420 psi for three commercial grades.

Experimental review of light quark spectroscopy from e/sup +/e/sup -/ production and. gamma gamma. collisions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toki, W.H.

1987-07-01

This is an experimental review of light quark spectroscopy from e/sup +/e/sup -/ production and ..gamma gamma.. collision results presented at the 2nd International Conference on Hadron Spectroscopy at KEK, Japan. The recent results in ..gamma gamma.. production have evidence for the J/sup PC/ = 1/sup + +/, E/f/sub 1/(1420) and D/f/sub 1/(1285), mesons from the TPC and Mark II collaborations and upper limits for pseudoscalar resonances from the Crystal Ball collaboration. The results in J/psi reactions include D/f/sub 1/(1285) meson production in radiative decays and a complete measurement of the hadronic decays into pseudoscalar-vector pairs from the DM2 collaborationmore » and evidence for phi phi production in radiative decays and a study of the iota line shape from the Mark III collaboration. A short review of simple theoretical ideas is presented.« less

The Effect of Piston-Head Temperature on Knock-Limited Power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Imming, Harry S.

1944-01-01

To determine the effect of piston-head temperature on knock-limited power. Tests were made in a supercharged CFR engine over a range of fuel-air ratios from 0.055 to 0.120, using S-3 reference fuel, AN-F-28, Amendment-2, aviation gasoline, and AN-F-28 plus 2 percent xylidines by weight. Tests were run at a compression ratio of 7.0 with inlet-air temperatures of 150 F and 250 F and at a compression ratio of 8.0 with an inlet-air temperature of 250 F. All other engine conditions were held constant. The piston-head temperature was varied by circulation of oil through passages in the crown of a liquid-cooled piston. This method of piston cooling decreased the piston-head temperature about 80 F. The data are not intended to constitute a recommendation as to the advisability of piston cooling in practice.

Annulus formation on scales of four species of coregonids reared under artificial conditions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hogman, Walter J.

1968-01-01

Scales from known-age coregonids reared in the laboratory were examined to determine when annuli formed and to learn possible factors of their formation. Scales were taken monthly from marked fish for periods up to 21 months. Scales were also examined from fish that died and from preserved specimens of young-of-the-year for each species. Two marks formed on almost all scales each calender year. The stronger formed during March-April and the weaker in October-November. Both marks had all the usual characteristics of an annulus but the spring mark was considered the annulus and the fall mark an accessory check. The annulus formed during a period of constant temperatures and of little change in growth or increasing growth. The accessory check formed during a period of declining temperatures (1-5 degrees F, or 0.6-2.8 degrees C, per month) and of little change in growth or declining growth. Most fish grew throughout the winter; the only exceptions were one bloater (Coregonus hoyi) and several of the largest lake whitefish (C. clupeaformis). Fish were always given all the food they would eat to eliminate availability of food as a factor of mark formation. The temperature of the water during the winter (50 ±. 0.3 F; 10.0 ±. 0.2 C) did not arrest metabolic activity. The growth rate was related more closely to day length than to other variables examined.

Susceptibility quantitative trait loci for pathogenic leucocytosis in SCG/Kj mice, a spontaneously occurring crescentic glomerulonephritis and vasculitis model.

PubMed

Hamano, Y; Abe, M; Matsuoka, S; Zhang, D; Kondo, Y; Kagami, Y; Ishigami, A; Maruyama, N; Tsuruta, Y; Yumura, W; Suzuki, K

2014-07-01

The spontaneous crescentic glomerulonephritis-forming/Kinjoh (SCG/Kj) mouse, a model of human crescentic glomerulonephritis (CrGN) and systemic vasculitis, is characterized by the production of myeloperoxidase-specific anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibody (MPO-ANCA) and marked leucocytosis. This study was performed to identify the specific populations of leucocytes associated with CrGN and susceptibility loci for pathogenic leucocytosis. Four hundred and twenty female (C57BL/6 × SCG/Kj) F2 intercross mice were subjected to serial flow cytometry examination of the peripheral blood (PB). Kidney granulocytes and monocytes were examined histopathologically. Linkage analyses were performed with 109 polymorphic microsatellite markers. Correlation studies revealed that increase of the granulocytes, F4/80(+) cells, CD3(+) CD4(-) CD8(-) T cells and dendritic cells (DCs) in peripheral blood (PB) were associated significantly with glomerulonephritis, crescent formation and vasculitis. In kidney sections, F4/80(low) cells were observed in crescent, while F4/80(high) cells were around the Bowman's capsules and in the interstitium. Numbers of F4/80(+) cells in crescents correlated significantly with F4/80(+) cell numbers in PB, but not with numbers of F4/80(+) cells in the interstitium. Genome-wide quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping revealed three SCG/Kj-derived non-Fas QTLs for leucocytosis, two on chromosome 1 and one on chromosome 17. QTLs on chromosome 1 affected DCs, granulocytes and F4/80(+) cells, but QTL on chromosome 17 affected DCs and granulocytes. We found CrGN-associated leucocytes and susceptibility QTLs with their positional candidate genes. F4/80(+) cells in crescents are considered as recruited inflammatory macrophages. The results provide information for leucocytes to be targeted and genetic elements in CrGN and vasculitis. © 2014 British Society for Immunology.

The effects of age and environment on the expression of inbreeding depression in Eucalyptus globulus

PubMed Central

Costa e Silva, J; Hardner, C; Tilyard, P; Potts, B M

2011-01-01

Inbreeding adversely affects fitness traits in many plant and animal species, and the magnitude, stability and genetic basis of inbreeding depression (ID) will have short- and long-term evolutionary consequences. The effects of four degrees of inbreeding (selfing, f=50% full- and half-sib matings, f=25 and 12.5% and unrelated outcrosses, f=0%) on survival and growth of an island population of Eucalyptus globulus were studied at two sites for over 14 years. For selfs, ID in survival increased over time, reaching a maximum of 49% by age 14 years. However, their inbreeding depression for stem diameter remained relatively stable with age, and ranged from 28 to 36% across years and sites. ID for survival was markedly greater on the more productive site, possibly due to greater and earlier onset of inter-tree competition, but was similar on both sites for the diameter of survivors. The deleterious trait response to increasing inbreeding coefficients was linear for survival and diameter. Non-significant quadratic effects suggested that epistasis did not contribute considerably to the observed ID at the population level. Among- and within-family coefficients of variation for diameter increased with inbreeding degree, and the variance among the outcrossed families was significant only on the more productive site. The performance of self-families for diameter was highly stable between sites. This suggests that, for species with mixed mating systems, environmentally stable inbreeding effects in open-pollinated progenies may tend to mask the additive genotype-by-environment interaction for fitness traits and the adaptive response to the environment. PMID:21224873

Roost sites of radio-marked Mexican spotted owls in Arizona and New Mexico: sources of variability and descriptive characteristics

Treesearch

Joseph L. Ganey; William M. Block; Rudy M. King

2000-01-01

To increase understanding of roosting habitat of Mexican Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis lucida) and factors that influence use of roosting habitat, we sampled habitat characteristics at 1790 sites used for roosting by 28 radio-marked Mexican Spotted Owls in three study areas in Arizona and New Mexico. We explored potential patterns of variation in...

Effect of genetic strain and gender on age-related changes in body composition of the laboratory rat.

PubMed

Gordon, C J; Jarema, K; Johnstone, A F M; Phillips, P M

2016-01-01

Body fat serves as a storage compartment for lipophilic pollutants and affects the pharmacokinetics of many toxic chemicals. Understanding how body fat varies with gender, strain, and age may be essential for development of experimental models to study mechanisms of toxicity. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based analysis serves as a noninvasive means of assessing proportions of fat, lean, and fluid in rodents over their lifetime. The aim of this study was to track changes in body composition of male and female Long-Evans (LE), Sprague-Dawley (SD), Fischer (F334), and Brown Norway (BN) rats from postweaning over a >2-yr period. Percent fat of preweaned LE and SD rats was markedly higher compared to the other strains. LE and SD strains displayed marked increases in body fat from weaning to 8 mo of age. Postweaned F344 male and females showed relatively low levels of percent fat; however, at 2 yr of age percent fat of females was equal to that of SD and LE in females. BN rats showed the highest levels of lean tissue and lowest levels of fat. Percent fat of the BN strain rose at the slowest rate as they aged. Percent fluid was consistently higher in males for all strains. Females tended to have higher percent fat than males in LE, SD, and F344 strains. Assessing changes in body fat as well as lean and fluid of various strains of male and female rats over their lifetime may prove useful in many research endeavors, including pharmacokinetics of lipophilic toxicants, mechanisms underlying obesity, and metabolic disorders.

17 CFR 200.80f - Appendix F-Records control schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Securities Investor Protection Corporation assessment payment or overpayments (Rule 17a-5). (Non-public) For...- Applications for exemption from section 13(f) 10 years. 28- Reports by institutional investment managers of... requirements, annual reports to shareholders, F-6 waiver, proxy 10 years. 89- Other waivers for foreign issuers...

17 CFR 200.80f - Appendix F-Records control schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Securities Investor Protection Corporation assessment payment or overpayments (Rule 17a-5). (Non-public) For...- Applications for exemption from section 13(f) 10 years. 28- Reports by institutional investment managers of... requirements, annual reports to shareholders, F-6 waiver, proxy 10 years. 89- Other waivers for foreign issuers...

17 CFR 200.80f - Appendix F-Records control schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Securities Investor Protection Corporation assessment payment or overpayments (Rule 17a-5). (Non-public) For...- Applications for exemption from section 13(f) 10 years. 28- Reports by institutional investment managers of... requirements, annual reports to shareholders, F-6 waiver, proxy 10 years. 89- Other waivers for foreign issuers...

Conversion of iodine to fluorine-18 based on iodinated chalcone and evaluation for β-amyloid PET imaging.

PubMed

Kaide, Sho; Ono, Masahiro; Watanabe, Hiroyuki; Shimizu, Yoichi; Nakamoto, Yuji; Togashi, Kaori; Yamaguchi, Aiko; Hanaoka, Hirofumi; Saji, Hideo

2018-07-23

In the amyloid cascade hypothesis, β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques is one of the major pathological biomarkers in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. We report the synthesis and evaluation of novel radiofluorinated chalcones, [ 18 F]4-dimethylamino-4'-fluoro-chalcone ([ 18 F]DMFC) and [ 18 F]4'-fluoro-4-methylamino-chalcone ([ 18 F]FMC), as Aβ imaging probes. The conversion of iodine directly introduced to the chalcone backbone into fluorine was successfully carried out by 18 F-labeling via the corresponding boronate precursors, achieving the direct introduction of fluorine-18 into the chalcone backbone to prepare [ 18 F]DMFC and [ 18 F]FMC. In a biodistribution study using normal mice, [ 18 F]DMFC and [ 18 F]FMC showed a higher initial uptake (4.43 and 5.47% ID/g at 2 min postinjection, respectively) into and more rapid clearance (0.52 and 0.66% ID/g at 30 min postinjection, respectively) from the brain than a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved Aβ imaging agent ([ 18 F]Florbetapir), meaning the improvement of the probability of detecting Aβ plaques and the reduction of non-specific binding in the brain. In the in vitro binding studies using aggregates of recombinant Aβ peptides, [ 18 F]DMFC and [ 18 F]FMC showed high binding affinity to recombinant Aβ aggregates at the K d values of 4.47 and 6.50 nM, respectively. In the in vitro autoradiography (ARG) experiment with AD brain sections, [ 18 F]DMFC and [ 18 F]FMC markedly accumulated only in a region with abundant Aβ plaques, indicating that they clearly recognized human Aβ plaques in vitro. These encouraging results suggest that [ 18 F]DMFC and [ 18 F]FMC may be promising PET probes for the detection of an amyloid pathology and the early diagnosis of AD with marked accuracy. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Loss of CD11b Exacerbates Murine Complement-Mediated Tubulointerstitial Nephritis

PubMed Central

Wang, Ying; Chang, Anthony; Haas, Mark; Quigg, Richard John

2014-01-01

Acute complement activation occurs in the tubulointerstitium (TI) of kidneys transplanted from Crry−/−C3−/− mice into complement-sufficient wildtype mice, followed by marked inflammatory cell infiltration, tubular damage and interstitial fibrosis. We postulated iC3b-CD11b interactions were critical in this TI nephritis model. We transplanted Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys into CD11b−/− and wildtype C57BL/6 mice. Surprisingly, there was greater inflammation in Crry−/−C3−/− kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients compared to those in wildtype hosts. Kidneys in CD11b−/− recipients had large numbers of CD11b−Ly6ChiCCR2hiF4/80+ cells consistent with inflammatory (M1) macrophages recruited from circulating monocytes of the host CD11b−/− animal. There was also an expanded population of CD11b+CD11c+Ly6C−F4/80hi cells. Since these cells were CD11b+, they must have originated from the transplanted kidney; their surface protein expression and appearance within the kidney were consistent with the intrinsic renal mononuclear cellular population. These cells were markedly expanded relative to all relevant controls, including the contralateral donor kidney and Crry−/−C3−/− mouse kidneys in CD11b+/+ wildtype recipients. Direct evidence for their in situ proliferation was the presence of nuclear Ki67 and PCNA in CD11b+F4/80+ cells. Thus, in this experimental model in which there is unrestricted C3 activation, CD11b+ monocytes limit their own infiltration into the kidney and prevent proliferation of endogenous mononuclear cells. This suggests a role for outside-in iC3b-CD11b signals in limiting intrinsic organ inflammation. PMID:24632830

An event-related potential investigation of spatial attention orientation in children trained with mental abacus calculation.

PubMed

Liu, Xiaoqin; Sun, Yanchao

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of long-term mental abacus calculation training (MACT) on children's spatial attention orientation. Fifteen children with intensive MACT (MACT group) and 15 children without MACT (non-MACT group) were selected. The two groups of children were matched in age, sex, handedness, and academic grade. The participants were tested with a Posner spatial cueing task while their neural activities were recorded with a 32-channel electroencephalogram system. The participants' behavior scores (reaction time and accuracy) as well as early components of event-related potential (ERP) during the tests were statistically analyzed. The behavioral scores showed no significant difference between the two groups of children, although the MACT group tended to have a shorter reaction time. The early ERP components showed that under valid cueing condition, the MACT group had significantly higher P1 amplitude [F(1, 28)=5.06, P<0.05, effective size=0.72] and lower N1 amplitude [F(1, 28)=6.05, P<0.05, effective size=0.82] in the occipital region compared with the non-MACT group. In the centrofrontal brain region, the MACT group had lower N1 amplitude [F(1, 28)=4.89, P<0.05, effect size=0.70] and longer N1 latency [F(1, 28)=6.26, P<0.05, effect size=0.80] than the non-MACT group. In particular, the MACT group also showed a higher centrofrontal P2 amplitude in the right hemisphere [F(1, 28)=4.82, P<0.05, effect size 0.81] compared with the left hemisphere and the middle location. MACT enhances the children's spatial attention orientation, which can be detected in the early components of ERP.

Phase Transitions in MIITiF6 · 6H2O (M = Cd, Zn, Co): An EPR Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jayaram, Geetha

1994-05-01

Paramagnetic Mn2+ ions have been incorporated into CdTiF6 · 6H2O, ZnTiF6 · 6H2O and CoTiF6 · 6H2O single crystals, and EPR spectra have been utilized to investigate the structural phase transitions in these crystals. They are first order in nature with a marked hysteresis in the case of CoTiF6 · 6H2O and are attributed to hindering of rotation of the [M(H2O)6] as well as (TiF6) groups.

Life sciences and space research XXIV(1) - Gravitational biology; Proceedings of Symposia 10 and 13 of the Topical Meeting of the Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F (Meetings F1 and F2) of the COSPAR 28th Plenary Meeting, The Hague, Netherlands, June 25-July 6, 1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, R. S. (Editor); Cogoli, A. (Editor); Planel, H. (Editor); Ubbels, G. A. (Editor); Sievers, A. (Editor); Oser, H. (Editor); Horneck, G. (Editor); Wagner, H. (Editor)

1992-01-01

Topics presented include an introduction to theories and models of biological response to gravity, gravity effects on biological systems, the function of calcium in plant graviperception, developmental biology on unmanned spacecraft, and the effect of microgravity on the development of plant protoplasts flown on Biocosmos 9. Also presented are the mechanism by which an asymmetric distribution of plant growth hormone is attained, the perception of gravity by plants, an animal research facility for Space Station Freedom, the long-term effects of microgravity and possible countermeasures, and an experimental system for determining the influence of microgravity on B lymphocyte activation and cell fusion.

Real-Time Mapping Using Stereoscopic Vision Optimization

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

pinhole geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 2.8. Artificially textured scenes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 3.1. Bilbo the robot...geometry. 2.2.1 The Fundamental Matrix. The fundamental matrix (F) describes the relationship between a pair of 2D pictures of a 3D scene . This is...eight CCD cameras to compute a mesh model of the environment from a large number of overlapped 3D images. In [1,17], a range scanner is combined with a

Integrated Balanced FETs for Broadband Millimeter Wave Amplifiers.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

F. Podell , "A Functional GaAs FET Noise Model," IEEE Trans. ED- 28, 511 (1981). 4. H. Fukui, "Optimal Noise Figure of Microwave GaAs MESFETs," IEEE...Nm = rl Cs2 Req Cgs2 eq rll gs eq) where gmLs rl=r + ms - real part ofZlCgs m d r r req =4kTBgm2 Podell has found empirically for one-micron gate

Evaluating a Computational Model of Emotion

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

empathy and intrinsic motivation in a learning-by-teaching system. Simulation-driven approaches aim at simulating the cognitive process underlying...9, pp. 1-44, 1999. [9] K. Ryokai, C. Vaucelle, and J. Cassell, "Virtual Peers as Partners in Storytelling and Literacy Learning," Journal of...Australia, 2003. [28] M. Cavazza, F. Charles, and S. J. Mead, "Agents’ Interaction in Virtual Storytelling ," presented at Third Interna- tional Workshop on

The sounds of sarcasm in English and Cantonese: A cross-linguistic production and perception study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheang, Henry S.

Three studies were conducted to examine the acoustic markers of sarcasm in English and in Cantonese, and the manner in which such markers are perceived across these languages. The first study consisted of acoustic analyses of sarcastic utterances spoken in English to verify whether particular prosodic cues correspond to English sarcastic speech. Native English speakers produced utterances expressing sarcasm, sincerity, humour, or neutrality. Measures taken from each utterance included fundamental frequency (F0), amplitude, speech rate, harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR, to probe voice quality), and one-third octave spectral values (to probe resonance). The second study was conducted to ascertain whether specific acoustic features marked sarcasm in Cantonese and how such features compare with English sarcastic prosody. The elicitation and acoustic analysis methods from the first study were applied to similarly-constructed Cantonese utterances spoken by native Cantonese speakers. Direct acoustic comparisons between Cantonese and English sarcasm exemplars were also made. To further test for cross-linguistic prosodic cues of sarcasm and to assess whether sarcasm could be conveyed across languages, a cross-linguistic perceptual study was then performed. A subset of utterances from the first two studies was presented to naive listeners fluent in either Cantonese or English. Listeners had to identify the attitude in each utterance regardless of language of presentation. Sarcastic utterances in English (regardless of text) were marked by lower mean F0 and reductions in HNR and F0 standard deviation (relative to comparison attitudes). Resonance changes, reductions in both speech rate and F0 range signalled sarcasm in conjunction with some vocabulary terms. By contrast, higher mean F0, amplitude range reductions, and F0 range restrictions corresponded with sarcastic utterances spoken in Cantonese regardless of text. For Cantonese, reduced speech rate and higher HNR interacted with certain vocabulary to mark sarcasm. Sarcastic prosody was most distinguished from acoustic features corresponding to sincere utterances in both languages. Direct English-Cantonese comparisons between sarcasm tokens confirmed cross-linguistic differences in sarcastic prosody. Finally, Cantonese and English listeners could identify sarcasm in their native languages but identified sarcastic utterances spoken in the unfamiliar language at chance levels. It was concluded that particular acoustic cues marked sarcastic speech in Cantonese and English, and these patterns of sarcastic prosody were specific to each language.

7 CFR 28.301 - Measurement: humidity; temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Measurement: humidity; temperature. 28.301 Section 28... for Length of Staple § 28.301 Measurement: humidity; temperature. The length of staple of any cotton... its fibers under a relative humidity of the atmosphere of 65 percent and a temperature of 70 °F. ...

7 CFR 28.301 - Measurement: humidity; temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Measurement: humidity; temperature. 28.301 Section 28... for Length of Staple § 28.301 Measurement: humidity; temperature. The length of staple of any cotton... its fibers under a relative humidity of the atmosphere of 65 percent and a temperature of 70 °F. ...

7 CFR 28.301 - Measurement: humidity; temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Measurement: humidity; temperature. 28.301 Section 28... for Length of Staple § 28.301 Measurement: humidity; temperature. The length of staple of any cotton... its fibers under a relative humidity of the atmosphere of 65 percent and a temperature of 70° F. ...

7 CFR 28.301 - Measurement: humidity; temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Measurement: humidity; temperature. 28.301 Section 28... for Length of Staple § 28.301 Measurement: humidity; temperature. The length of staple of any cotton... its fibers under a relative humidity of the atmosphere of 65 percent and a temperature of 70 °F. ...

7 CFR 28.301 - Measurement: humidity; temperature.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Measurement: humidity; temperature. 28.301 Section 28... for Length of Staple § 28.301 Measurement: humidity; temperature. The length of staple of any cotton... its fibers under a relative humidity of the atmosphere of 65 percent and a temperature of 70 °F. ...

A primary estimate of global PCDD/F release based on the quantity and quality of national economic and social activities.

PubMed

Wang, Bin; Fiedler, Heidelore; Huang, Jun; Deng, Shubo; Wang, Yujue; Yu, Gang

2016-05-01

The correlations between polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) releases and factors relevant to human social-economic activities (HSEAs) were analyzed. The multiple linear regression model was successfully developed to estimate the total global PCDD/F release. The PCDD/F releases significantly correlated with population, area, GDP and GNI, suggesting that "quantity" of HSEAs have significantly contributed to the PCDD/F releases. On another aspect, advanced technologies are usually adopted in developed countries/regions, and hence reduce the PCDD/F release. The significant correlation between PCDD/F release and CO2 emission implies the potential of simultaneous reduction of CO2 emission and PCDD/F release. The total global PCDD/F release from 196 countries/regions was estimated to be 100.4 kg-TEQ yr(-1). The estimated annual PCDD/F release per unit area ranged from 0.007 to 28 mg-TEQ km(-2). Asia is estimated to have the highest PCDD/F release of 47.1 kg-TEQ yr(-1), almost half of the total world release. Oceania is estimated to have the smallest total release but the largest per-capita release. For the developed areas, such as Europe and North America, the PCDD/F release per unit GDP is lower, while for Africa, it is much higher. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, ET/SRB mating preparations at KSC VAB

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-07-03

S89-39624 (3 July 1989) --- Following rollover from the Orbiter Processing Facility, the orbiter Columbia is prepared for mating with the ET/SRB stack in the Vehicle Assembly Building transfer aisle as work continues toward an early August launch of Space Shuttle Mission STS-28. STS-28 is a Department of Defense dedicated mission. Crew members for the mission are: Commander Brewster H. Shaw, Pilot Richard N. Richards, and Mission Specialists Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson, and David C. Leestma.

Far ultraviolet spectrophotometry of BD +28 4211

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, Timothy A.; Cash, Webster; Green, James C.

1991-01-01

The results are reported of a November 1989 rocket flight which recorded a flux-calibrated spectrum of BD +28 4211 from 912 to 1150 A with 1A resolution. BD +28 4211, an SdO-type star, is commonly used as an ultraviolet calibration source in the IUE wavelength band. The present work extends the useful range of this standard shortward of Lyman-alpha. Since previous experiments show marked disparity, this study can be useful in determining a standard in the 912 to 1216 A band.

A magnetic resonance imaging-based articulatory and acoustic study of “retroflex” and “bunched” American English ∕r∕

PubMed Central

Zhou, Xinhui; Espy-Wilson, Carol Y.; Boyce, Suzanne; Tiede, Mark; Holland, Christy; Choe, Ann

2008-01-01

Speakers of rhotic dialects of North American English show a range of different tongue configurations for ∕r∕. These variants produce acoustic profiles that are indistinguishable for the first three formants [Delattre, P., and Freeman, D. C., (1968). “A dialect study of American English r’s by x-ray motion picture,” Linguistics 44, 28–69; Westbury, J. R. et al. (1998), “Differences among speakers in lingual articulation for American English ∕r∕,” Speech Commun. 26, 203–206]. It is puzzling why this should be so, given the very different vocal tract configurations involved. In this paper, two subjects whose productions of “retroflex” ∕r∕ and “bunched” ∕r∕ show similar patterns of F1–F3 but very different spacing between F4 and F5 are contrasted. Using finite element analysis and area functions based on magnetic resonance images of the vocal tract for sustained productions, the results of computer vocal tract models are compared to actual speech recordings. In particular, formant-cavity affiliations are explored using formant sensitivity functions and vocal tract simple-tube models. The difference in F4∕F5 patterns between the subjects is confirmed for several additional subjects with retroflex and bunched vocal tract configurations. The results suggest that the F4∕F5 differences between the variants can be largely explained by differences in whether the long cavity behind the palatal constriction acts as a half- or a quarter-wavelength resonator. PMID:18537397

An experimental study of inner ear injury in an animal model of eosinophilic otitis media.

PubMed

Matsubara, Atsushi; Nishizawa, Hisanori; Kurose, Akira; Nakagawa, Takashi; Takahata, Junko; Sasaki, Akira

2014-03-01

As the periods of intratympanic injection of ovalbumin (OVA) to the middle ear became longer, marked eosinophil infiltration in the perilymphatic space was observed. Moreover severe morphological damage of the organ of Corti was observed in the 28-day antigen-stimulation side. These results indicate that eosinophilic inflammation occurred in the inner ear and caused profound hearing loss. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the inner ear damage in a new animal model of eosinophilic otitis media (EOM) which we recently constructed. We constructed the animal model of EOM by intraperitoneal and intratympanic injection of OVA. Infiltrating cells and the inner ear damage were examined by histological study. In the inner ear, a few eosinophils were seen in the scala tympani of the organ of Corti and the dilation of capillaries of the stria vascularis was observed in the 7-day stimulation side. In the 14-day antigen stimulation side, some eosinophils and macrophages were seen in not only the scala tympani but also the scala vestibule. In the 28-day antigen-stimulation side, severe morphological damage of the organ of Corti and many eosinophils, red blood cells, and plasma cells infiltrating the perilymph were observed.

A comparison of the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates and hepatitis A virus in buffered cell culture medium.

PubMed

Bozkurt, Hayriye; D'Souza, Doris H; Davidson, P Michael

2014-09-01

Human noroviruses and hepatitis A virus (HAV) are considered as epidemiologically significant causes of foodborne disease. Therefore, studies are needed to bridge existing data gaps and determine appropriate parameters for thermal inactivation of human noroviruses and HAV. The objectives of this research were to compare the thermal inactivation kinetics of human norovirus surrogates (murine norovirus (MNV-1), and feline calicivirus (FCV-F9)) and HAV in buffered medium (2-ml vials), compare first-order and Weibull models to describe the data, calculate Arrhenius activation energy for each model, and evaluate model efficiency using selected statistical criteria. The D-values calculated from the first-order model (50-72 °C) ranged from 0.21-19.75 min for FCV-F9, 0.25-36.28 min for MNV-1, and 0.88-56.22 min for HAV. Using the Weibull model, the tD = 1 (time to destroy 1 log) for FCV-F9, MNV-1 and HAV at the same temperatures ranged from 0.10-13.27, 0.09-26.78, and 1.03-39.91 min, respectively. The z-values for FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV were 9.66 °C, 9.16 °C, and 14.50 °C, respectively, using the Weibull model. For the first order model, z-values were 9.36 °C, 9.32 °C, and 12.49 °C for FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV, respectively. For the Weibull model, estimated activation energies for FCV-F9, MNV-1, and HAV were 225, 278, and 182 kJ/mol, respectively, while the calculated activation energies for the first order model were 195, 202, and 171 kJ/mol, respectively. Knowledge of the thermal inactivation kinetics of norovirus surrogates and HAV will allow the development of processes that produce safer food products and improve consumer safety. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Homing pigeons ( Columba livia f. domestica) can use magnetic cues for locating food

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thalau, Peter; Holtkamp-Rötzler, Elke; Fleissner, Gerta; Wiltschko, Wolfgang

2007-10-01

An experimental group of homing pigeons ( Columba livia f. domestica) learned to associate food with a magnetic anomaly produced by bar magnets that were fixed to the bowl in which they received their daily food ration in their home loft; the control group lacked this experience. Both groups were trained to search for two hidden food depots in a rectangular sand-filled arena without obvious visual cues; for the experimental birds, these depots were also marked with three 1.15 × 106 μT bar magnets. During the tests, there were two food depots, one marked with the magnets, the other unmarked; their position within the arena was changed from test to test. The experimental birds searched within 10 cm of the magnetically marked depot in 49% of the test sessions, whereas the control birds searched there in only 11% of the sessions. Both groups searched near the control depot in 11 and 13% of the sessions, respectively. The significant preference of the magnetically marked food depot by the experimental birds shows that homing pigeons cannot only detect a magnetic anomaly but can also use it as a cue for locating hidden food in an open arena.

The Effects of Microstructure on Shear Properties of Shallow Marine Sediments

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

frequency and voltage were set at 75 kHz and 5 V p - p for P -wave; 500 Hz and 10 V p - p for S-wave, respectively. Pulse generator (Model: Wavetek 178, 50...density (9/cmr) P -wave velocity (mis) 6 7 8 9 10 40 50 0 70 80 90 1.20 1.30 140 1,90 2,0 24 2,8 1420 1500 50 100 200- 250 -Water content 300 -e...8217• Poroatty . . Figure 3. Mean grain size, geotechnical properties, and p -wave velocity for core samples at station 1. The values are markedly changed the

An Enlisted Performance Prediction Model for Aviation Structural Mechanics.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-09-01

D7- R136 784 RN ENLISTED PERFORMANCE PREDICTION MODEL FOR AVIATION 112 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS(U) NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA R DWWHITMIRE ET...Selection 28 AESTRACT (C10000O 09OW1 @ewo o It 000041 .eewe 111Id f OF blook iubee0) ’The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the Navy’s system of...K ’Z-4 Dean of Info Policy Sciences 3 ABSTRACT The purpose of this thesis is to determine if the Navy’s system of assigning personnel to the

High-Speed Schlieren Movies of the Flow About Reefed Parachute Models Towed at Supersonic Speeds Behind a Conical Body (4.875 Inches in Diameter). Drag Values Based on the Unreefed Diameter of 1.73 F. Porosity of Unreefed Parachute is 28 Percent.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1960-01-01

Flexible parachute models reefed to one-eighth, one-fourth, one-third, and four tenths of its diameter were towed at speeds of Mach 1.80, 2.00, 2.20 and 2.87. Towline lengths tested were 23.40, 24.38, 26.81, and 29.25 inches. High-speed Schlieren movies of the flow are shown.

Examination of Health Effects and Long-Term Impacts of Deployments of Multiple Tag Types on Blue, Humpback, and Gray Whales in the Eastern North Pacific

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-30

M 6 4 3 1 1 9 15 28 4 6 565 F 1 2 8 9 7 12 17 26 14 583 F 5 1 6 6 2 12 13 27 4 18 3 3 1 657 F 2 1 1 1 3 2 7 4 3 14 6 1 669 F 3 2 1 1 1 4 9 3 2 1 4 696 ...M 3 16 11 14 15 21 19 24 41 28 20 698 F 4 8 1 12 9 1 11 3 2 65 14 32 34 703 M 2 1 1 5 6 1 759 3 16 9 17 2 2 26 3 1 1 1 780 M 4 11 11 23 7 7 5 791 M 7

40 CFR 471.65 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

....205 0.098 Zinc 0.713 0.298 Ammonia 65.1 28.6 Fluoride 29.1 12.9 (c) Drawing spent neat oils—subpart F... Zinc 0.105 0.044 Ammonia 9.59 4.22 Fluoride 4.28 1.90 (f) Extrusion press hydraulic fluid leakage... Ammonia 23.7 10.5 Fluoride 10.6 4.70 (g) Forging spent lubricants—subpart F—PSNS. There shall be no...

40 CFR 471.65 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

....205 0.098 Zinc 0.713 0.298 Ammonia 65.1 28.6 Fluoride 29.1 12.9 (c) Drawing spent neat oils—subpart F... Zinc 0.105 0.044 Ammonia 9.59 4.22 Fluoride 4.28 1.90 (f) Extrusion press hydraulic fluid leakage... Ammonia 23.7 10.5 Fluoride 10.6 4.70 (g) Forging spent lubricants—subpart F—PSNS. There shall be no...

40 CFR 471.65 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

....205 0.098 Zinc 0.713 0.298 Ammonia 65.1 28.6 Fluoride 29.1 12.9 (c) Drawing spent neat oils—subpart F... Zinc 0.105 0.044 Ammonia 9.59 4.22 Fluoride 4.28 1.90 (f) Extrusion press hydraulic fluid leakage... Ammonia 23.7 10.5 Fluoride 10.6 4.70 (g) Forging spent lubricants—subpart F—PSNS. There shall be no...

Neural stem cell-based dual suicide gene delivery for metastatic brain tumors.

PubMed

Wang, C; Natsume, A; Lee, H J; Motomura, K; Nishimira, Y; Ohno, M; Ito, M; Kinjo, S; Momota, H; Iwami, K; Ohka, F; Wakabayashi, T; Kim, S U

2012-11-01

In our previous works, we demonstrated that human neural stem cells (NSCs) transduced with the cytosine deaminase (CD) gene showed remarkable 'bystander killer effect' on glioma and medulloblastoma cells after administration of the prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC). In addition, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (TK) is a widely studied enzyme used for suicide gene strategies, for which the prodrug is ganciclovir (GCV). To apply this strategy to brain metastasis treatment, we established here a human NSC line (F3.CD-TK) expressing the dual suicide genes CD and TK. We examined whether F3.CD-TK cells intensified the antitumor effect on lung cancer brain metastases. In vitro studies showed that F3.CD-TK cells exerted a marked bystander effect on human lung cancer cells after treatment with 5-FC and GCV. In a novel experimental brain metastases model, intravenously administered F3 cells migrated near lung cancer metastatic lesions, which were induced by the injection of lung cancer cells via the intracarotid artery. More importantly, F3.CD-TK cells in the presence of prodrugs 5-FC and GCV decreased tumor size and considerably prolonged animal survival. The results of the present study indicate that the dual suicide gene-engineered, NSC-based treatment strategy might offer a new promising therapeutic modality for brain metastases.

The effects of slice thickness and radiation dose level variations on computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) nodule detection performance in pediatric chest CT scans

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emaminejad, Nastaran; Lo, Pechin; Ghahremani, Shahnaz; Kim, Grace H.; Brown, Matthew S.; McNitt-Gray, Michael F.

2017-03-01

For pediatric oncology patients, CT scans are performed to assess treatment response and disease progression. CAD may be used to detect lung nodules which would reflect metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reducing radiation dose and varying slice thickness on CAD performance in the detection of solid lung nodules in pediatric patients. The dataset consisted of CT scans of 58 pediatric chest cases, from which 7 cases had lung nodules detected by radiologist, and a total of 28 nodules were marked. For each case, the original raw data (sinogram data) was collected and a noise addition model was used to simulate reduced-dose scans of 50%, 25% and 10% of the original dose. In addition, the original and reduced-dose raw data were reconstructed at slice thicknesses of 1.5 and 3 mm using a medium sharp (B45) kernel; the result was eight datasets (4 dose levels x 2 thicknesses) for each case An in-house CAD tool was applied on all reconstructed scans, and results were compared with the radiologist's markings. Patient level mean sensitivities at 3mm thickness were 24%, 26%, 25%, 27%, and at 1.5 mm thickness were 23%, 29%, 35%, 36% for 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% dose level, respectively. Mean FP numbers were 1.5, 0.9, 0.8, 0.7 at 3 mm and 11.4, 3.5, 2.8, 2.8 at 1.5 mm thickness for 10%, 25%, 50%, and 100% dose level respectively. CAD sensitivity did not change with dose level for 3mm thickness, but did change with dose for 1.5 mm. False Positives increased at low dose levels where noise values were high.

Hidden Markov model for dependent mark loss and survival estimation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Laake, Jeffrey L.; Johnson, Devin S.; Diefenbach, Duane R.; Ternent, Mark A.

2014-01-01

Mark-recapture estimators assume no loss of marks to provide unbiased estimates of population parameters. We describe a hidden Markov model (HMM) framework that integrates a mark loss model with a Cormack–Jolly–Seber model for survival estimation. Mark loss can be estimated with single-marked animals as long as a sub-sample of animals has a permanent mark. Double-marking provides an estimate of mark loss assuming independence but dependence can be modeled with a permanently marked sub-sample. We use a log-linear approach to include covariates for mark loss and dependence which is more flexible than existing published methods for integrated models. The HMM approach is demonstrated with a dataset of black bears (Ursus americanus) with two ear tags and a subset of which were permanently marked with tattoos. The data were analyzed with and without the tattoo. Dropping the tattoos resulted in estimates of survival that were reduced by 0.005–0.035 due to tag loss dependence that could not be modeled. We also analyzed the data with and without the tattoo using a single tag. By not using.

Simulated Tank Anti-Armor Gunnery System (STAGS).

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

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The mutational landscape of MYCN, Lin28b and ALK F1174L driven murine neuroblastoma mimics human disease.

PubMed

De Wilde, Bram; Beckers, Anneleen; Lindner, Sven; Kristina, Althoff; De Preter, Katleen; Depuydt, Pauline; Mestdagh, Pieter; Sante, Tom; Lefever, Steve; Hertwig, Falk; Peng, Zhiyu; Shi, Le-Ming; Lee, Sangkyun; Vandermarliere, Elien; Martens, Lennart; Menten, Björn; Schramm, Alexander; Fischer, Matthias; Schulte, Johannes; Vandesompele, Jo; Speleman, Frank

2018-02-02

Genetically engineered mouse models have proven to be essential tools for unraveling fundamental aspects of cancer biology and for testing novel therapeutic strategies. To optimally serve these goals, it is essential that the mouse model faithfully recapitulates the human disease. Recently, novel mouse models for neuroblastoma have been developed. Here, we report on the further genomic characterization through exome sequencing and DNA copy number analysis of four of the currently available murine neuroblastoma model systems ( ALK, Th- MYCN, Dbh- MYCN and Lin28b ). The murine tumors revealed a low number of genomic alterations - in keeping with human neuroblastoma - and a positive correlation of the number of genetic lesions with the time to onset of tumor formation was observed. Gene copy number alterations are the hallmark of both murine and human disease and frequently affect syntenic genomic regions. Despite low mutational load, the genes mutated in murine disease were found to be enriched for genes mutated in human disease. Taken together, our study further supports the validity of the tested mouse models for mechanistic and preclinical studies of human neuroblastoma.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) at KSC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

STS-28 Columbia, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 102, crewmembers participate in the terminal countdown demonstration test (TCDT) at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Before TCDT, crewmembers eat breakfast. Sitting around the table (left to right) are Mission Specialist (MS) James C. Adamson, Pilot Richard N. Richards, Commander Brewster H. Shaw, Jr, MS David C. Leestma, and MS Mark N. Brown.

The flagella of F18ab Escherichia coli is a virulence factor that contributes to infection in a IPEC-J2 cell model in vitro.

PubMed

Duan, Qiangde; Zhou, Mingxu; Zhu, Xiaofang; Bao, Wenbin; Wu, Shenglong; Ruan, Xiaosai; Zhang, Weiping; Yang, Yang; Zhu, Jun; Zhu, Guoqiang

2012-11-09

Bacterial flagella contribute to pathogen virulence; however, the role of flagella in the pathogenesis of F18ab E. coli-mediated swine edema disease (ED) is not currently known. We therefore evaluated the role of flagella in F18ab E. coli adhesion, invasion, biofilm formation, and IL-8 production using an in vitro cell infection model approach with gene-deletion mutant and complemented bacterial strains. We demonstrated that the flagellin-deficient fliC mutant had a marked decrease in the ability to adhere to and invade porcine epithelial IPEC-J2 cells. Surprisingly, there was no difference in adhesion between the F18 fimbriae-deficient ΔfedA mutant and its parent strain. In addition, both the ΔfedA and double ΔfliCΔfedA mutants exhibited an increased ability to invade IPEC-J2 cells compared to the wild-type strain, although this may be due to increased expression of other adhesins following the loss of F18ab fimbriae and flagella. Compared to the wild-type strain, the ΔfliC mutant showed significantly reduced ability to form biofilm, whereas the ΔfedA mutant increased biofilm formation. Although ΔfliC, ΔfedA, and ΔfliCΔfedA mutants had a reduced ability to stimulate IL-8 production from infected Caco-2 cells, the ΔfliC mutant impaired this ability to a greater extent than the ΔfedA mutant. The results from this study clearly demonstrate that flagella are required for efficient F18ab E. coli adhesion, invasion, biofilm formation, and IL-8 production in vitro. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

GC-MS Analysis and Gastroprotective Evaluations of Crude Extracts, Isolated Saponins, and Essential Oil from Polygonum hydropiper L.

PubMed Central

Ayaz, Muhammad; Junaid, Muhammad; Ullah, Farhat; Sadiq, Abdul; Shahid, Muhammad; Ahmad, Waqar; Ullah, Ihsan; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Syed, Nawazish-i-Husain

2017-01-01

Peptic ulceration is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by pepsin and gastric acid mediated mucosal damage, as result of imbalance between defensive and offensive processes. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the antiulcer potentials of Polygonum hydropiper crude methanolic ectract (Ph.Cr) in aspirin induced ulcerogenesis using pylorus ligated rat model. In-vitro urease and Proteus mirabilis inhibitory potentials were evaluated using standard protocols. All fractions were analyzed using GC-MS to identify major components. The aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated rat model was associated with significant changes in the mean ulcer score [F(5, 30) = 7.141, P = 0.0002], gastric juice volume [F(5, 30) = 8.245, P < 0.0001], gastric juice pH [F(5, 30) = 5.715, P = 0.0008], free acidity [F(5, 30) = 4.544, P = 0.0033], total acidity [F(5, 30) = 2.740, P = 0.0373], and pepsin concentration [F(5, 30) = 2.335, P = 0.0664]. Pre-treatment with Ph.Cr at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg dose exhibited marked gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect in the aspirin induced pyloric ligation ulcerogenesis model at 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg as indicated by ulcerative biochemical parameters. In urease inhibition assay, leaves essential oil (Ph.Lo), saponins (Ph.Sp), and chloroform extract (Ph.Chf) exhibited highest activities with IC50 of 90, 98, and 520 μg/ml, respectively. Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc), and Ph.Cr showed MICs of 25, 30, 32.25, and 40.50 μg/ml, respectively against P. mirabilis. Several compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis of samples. Significant in-vivo antiulcer, urease inhibitory as well as anti-proteus potentials of P. hydropiper solvent extracts, signify its potential use for the management of peptic ulcers and may provide scientific bases for the traditional uses of the plant. PMID:28824906

GC-MS analysis and gastroprotective evaluations of crude extracts, isolated saponins and essential oil from Polygonum hydropiper L.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayaz, Muhammad; Junaid, Muhammad; Ullah, Farhat; Sadiq, Abdul; Shahid, Muhammad; Ahmad, Waqar; Ullah, Ihsan; Ahmad, Ashfaq; Syed, Nawazish-i.-Husain

2017-08-01

Peptic ulceration is among the most prevalent gastrointestinal disorders characterized by pepsin and gastric acid mediated mucosal damage, as result of imbalance between defensive and offensive processes. The main objective of the current study was to investigate the antiulcer potentials of Polygonum hydropiper crude methanolic ectract (Ph.Cr) in aspirin induced ulcerogenesis using pylorus ligated rat model. In-vitro urease and Proteus mirabilis inhibitory potentials were evaluated using standard protocols. All fractions were analyzed using GC-MS to identify major components. The aspirin induced ulcerogenesis in pylorus ligated rat model was associated with significant changes in the mean ulcer score (F5,30 = 7.141, P = 0.0002), gastric juice volume (F5,30 = 8.245, P < 0.0001), gastric juice pH (F5,30 = 5.715, P = 0.0008), free acidity (F5,30 = 4.544, P = 0.0033), total acidity (F5,30 = 2.740, P = 0.0373) and pepsin concentration (F5,30 = 2.335, P = 0.0664). Pre treatment with Ph.Cr at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg dose exhibited marked gastroprotective and anti-ulcerogenic effect in the aspirin induced pyloric ligation ulcerogenesis model at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg as indicated by ulcerative biochemical parameters. In urease inhibition assay, leaves essential oil (Ph.Lo), saponins (Ph.Sp) and chloroform extract (Ph.Chf) exhibited highest activities with IC50 of 90, 98 and 520 µg/ml respectively. Ph.Sp, Ph.Chf, ethyl acetate (Ph.EtAc) and Ph.Cr showed MICs of 25, 30, 32.25 and 40.50 µg/ml respectively against Proteus mirabilis. Several compounds were identified in GC-MS analysis of samples. Significant in-vivo antiulcer, urease inhibitory as well as anti-proteus potentials of P. hydropiper solvent extracts, signify its potential use for the management of peptic ulcers and may provide scientific bases for the traditional uses of the plant.

Implementation of k0-INAA standardisation at ITU TRIGA Mark II research reactor, Turkey based on k0-IAEA software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esen, Ayse Nur; Haciyakupoglu, Sevilay

2016-02-01

The purpose of this study is to test the applicability of k0-INAA method at the Istanbul Technical University TRIGA Mark II research reactor. The neutron spectrum parameters such as epithermal neutron flux distribution parameter (α), thermal to epithermal neutron flux ratio (f) and thermal neutron flux (φth) were determined at the central irradiation channel of the ITU TRIGA Mark II research reactor using bare triple-monitor method. HPGe detector calibrations and calculations were carried out by k0-IAEA software. The α, f and φth values were calculated to be -0.009, 15.4 and 7.92·1012 cm-2 s-1, respectively. NIST SRM 1633b coal fly ash and intercomparison samples consisting of clay and sandy soil samples were used to evaluate the validity of the method. For selected elements, the statistical evaluation of the analysis results was carried out by z-score test. A good agreement between certified/reported and experimental values was obtained.

Work-family and family-work conflicts amongst African nurses caring for patients with AIDS.

PubMed

Makola, Lehlogonolo; Mashegoane, Solomon; Debusho, Legesse K

2015-12-14

South African nursing environments are marked by various incapacitating stressors. This study explores work-family (W-F) and family-work (F-W) conflicts as aspects of stress amongst nurses working with patients who have AIDS. The study sought to determine the value of W-F and F-W conflicts as predictors of work and family satisfaction, as well as turnover intentions and the moderating role of supervisor and significant other support, amongst nurses caring for patients with AIDS in public hospitals within the Capricorn and Mopani districts, Limpopo Province. The study used a cross-sectional design, with data collected at one point only. Ninety-one nursing staff provided the data for the study by completing structured, self-administered surveys. Analysis involved computing correlations of all study variables. Thereafter, associated variables were used as predictors. In each predictive analysis, the nurses' stress served as a control variable, W-F and F-W conflicts were the independent variables and significant others and supervisor supports were moderators. Interaction terms were derived from independent and moderator variables. Although the findings of the study were not generally supportive of the hypotheses advanced, they nevertheless showed, amongst other findings, that F-W conflict predicted work satisfaction whilst W-F conflict predicted turnover intentions. Moreover, significant other support had a direct effect on family satisfaction whilst supervisor support moderated reports of W-F conflict and experiences of work satisfaction. The study showed that inter-role models that appear to be established in the context of developed societies require some further investigations in South Africa.

The Effects of the Uncertainty of Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties on Nucleation and Evolution Kinetics of Cr-Rich Phase in Fe-Cr Alloys

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

M. A.; Horstemeyer, M. F.; Gao, F.; Sun, X.: Khaleel, M. Scripta Materialia. 2011, 64, 908. 80. Plimpton , S . Journal of Computational Physics...99 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Mark Tschopp,* Fei Gao,** and Xin Sun** 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER...5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army Research Laboratory ATTN: RDRL-WMM-F Aberdeen Proving Ground

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, BUDMOR 42, 11/28/1983

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... I.";tr 1 .. : .. 1 (,:.J \\!'.: of l..'(' tut !'Ia',; U.!\\ ,, tr r.·,: til r l-:f.tf .... 11. •• ~7 o! Ll:crt1 .• ·:lt ... t:r tt h~Lf\\\\ fl.l .. P&fU' c'.::ar ~..;rp;;.~f' rlortl.!cj tr Imo:.fJ (,ttl.tl. ...

Cloning of a Novel Aldo-Keto Reductase Gene from Klebsiella sp. Strain F51-1-2 and Its Functional Expression in Escherichia coli▿

PubMed Central

Jiang, Hong; Yang, Chao; Qu, Hong; Liu, Zheng; Fu, Q. S.; Qiao, Chuanling

2007-01-01

A soil bacterium capable of metabolizing organophosphorus compounds by reducing the P=S group in the molecules was taxonomically identified as Klebsiella sp. strain F51-1-2. The gene involved in the reduction of organophosphorus compounds was cloned from this strain by the shotgun technique, and the deduced protein (named AKR5F1) showed homology to members of the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) superfamily. The intact coding region for AKR5F1 was subcloned into vector pET28a and overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). Recombinant His6-tagged AKR5F1 was purified in one step using Ni-nitrilotriacetic acid affinity chromatography. Assays for cofactor specificity indicated that reductive transformation of organophosphorus compounds by the recombinant AKR5F1 specifically required NADH. The kinetic constants of the purified recombinant AKR5F1 toward six thion organophosphorus compounds were determined. For example, the Km and kcat values of reductive transformation of malathion by the purified recombinant AKR5F1 are 269.5 ± 47.0 μΜ and 25.7 ± 1.7 min−1, respectively. Furthermore, the reductive transformation of organophosphorus compounds can be largely explained by structural modeling. PMID:17575004

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, landing at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) California

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-S-013 (13 Aug 1989) --- The Space Shuttle Columbia is captured on film just prior to main gear touchdown at Edwards Air Force Base in Southern California. The landing marked a successful end to a five-day DOD-devoted mission. Onboard the spacecraft were Astronauts Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown.

Engraftment Site and Effectiveness of the Pan-Caspase Inhibitor F573 to Improve Engraftment in Mouse and Human Islet Transplantation in Mice.

PubMed

Pepper, Andrew R; Bruni, Antonio; Pawlick, Rena; Wink, John; Rafiei, Yasmin; Gala-Lopez, Boris; Bral, Mariusz; Abualhassan, Nasser; Kin, Tatsuya; Shapiro, A M James

2017-10-01

Islet transplantation is an effective therapy in type 1 diabetes and recalcitrant hypoglycemia. However, there is an ongoing need to circumvent islet loss posttransplant. We explore herein the potential of the pan-caspase inhibitor F573 to mitigate early apoptosis-mediated islet death within portal and extrahepatic portal sites in mice. Mouse or human islets were cultured in standard media ±100 μM F573 and subsequently assessed for viability and apoptosis via terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling staining and caspase-3 activation. Diabetic mice were transplanted with syngeneic islets placed under the kidney capsule (KC) or into the subcutaneous deviceless (DL) site at a marginal islet dose (150 islets), or into the portal vein (PV) at a full dose (500 islets). Human islets were transplanted under the KC of diabetic immunodeficient mice at a marginal dose (500 islet equivalents). Islets were cultured in the presence of F573, and F573 was administered subcutaneously on days 0 to 5 posttransplant. Control mice were transplanted with nontreated islets and were injected with saline. Graft function was measured by nonfasting blood glucose and glucose tolerance testing. F573 markedly reduced human and mouse islet apoptosis after in vitro culture (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). Furthermore, F573 improved human islet function when transplanted under the KC (P < 0.05); whereas F573 did not enhance murine islet marginal KC transplants. Conversely, F573 significantly improved mouse islet engraftment in the PV and DL site (P < 0.05 and P < 0.05, respectively). The pan-caspase inhibitor F573 markedly reduces human and mouse islet apoptosis and improves engraftment most effectively in the portal and DL subcutaneous sites.

Bioaccumulation and biotransformation of the beta-blocker propranolol in multigenerational exposure to Daphnia magna.

PubMed

Jeong, Tae-Yong; Kim, Tae-Hun; Kim, Sang Don

2016-09-01

Multigenerational bioaccumulation and biotransformation activity and short-term kinetics (e.g., uptake and depuration) of propranolol in Daphnia magna were investigated at environmental concentration. The body burden and the major metabolite, desisopropyl propranolol (DIP), of propranolol were quantified using LC-MS/MS at the end of each generation after exposure for 11 generations. The accumulation of propranolol in D. magna at an environmental concentration of 0.2 μg/L was not much different between the parent (F0) and the eleventh filial (F10) generation. However, at 28 μg/L, its accumulation was 1.6 times higher-up to 18.9 μg/g-in the F10 generation relative to the F0. In contrast to propranolol, DIP intensity gradually increased from F0 to F10 at 0.2 μg/L, reflecting an increase in detoxification load and biotransformation performance; no increasing trend was observed at 28 μg/L. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) showed higher values with a lower concentration and longer period of exposure. The average values of the BAF for 21 days of long-term exposure in successive 11 generations were 440.4 ± 119.7 and 1026.5 ± 208.6 L/kg for 28 μg/L and 0.2 μg/L, respectively. These are comparable to the BAF of 192 for the short-term 72-h exposure at 28 μg/L in the parent generation. It is also recommended that future studies for pharmaceutical ingredients be conducted on drug-drug interaction and structural characteristics on the prediction of biotransformation activity and bioaccumulation rate. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide affected male reproduction by disturbing blood-testis barrier in mice.

PubMed

Zhang, Jianhai; Li, Zhihui; Qie, Mingli; Zheng, Ruibo; Shetty, Jagathpala; Wang, Jundong

2016-08-01

Fluoride and sulfur dioxide (SO2), two well-known environmental toxicants, have been implicated to have adverse effects on male reproductive health in humans and animals. The objective of this study to investigate if the BTB is one of the pathways that lead to reproductive toxicity of sodium fluoride and sulfur dioxide alone or in combination, in view of the key role of blood testis barrier (BTB) in testis. The results showed that a marked decrease in sperm quality, and altered morphology and ultrastructure of BTB in testis of mice exposure to fluoride (100 mg NaF/L in drinking water) or/and sulfur dioxide (28 mg SO2/m(3), 3 h/day). Meanwhile, the mRNA expression levels of some vital BTB-associated proteins, including occluding, claudin-11, ZO-1, Ncadherin, α-catenin, and connexin-43 were all strikingly reduced after NaF exposure, although only the reduction of DSG-2 was statistically significant in all treatment groups. Moreover, the proteins expressions also decreased significantly in claudin-11, N-cadherin, α-catenin, connexin-43 and desmoglein-2 in mice treated with fluoride and/or SO2. These changes in BTB structure and constitutive proteins may therefore be connected with the low sperm quality in these mice. The role of fluoride should deserves more attention in this process. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

High-Dose Fluoride Impairs the Properties of Human Embryonic Stem Cells via JNK Signaling.

PubMed

Fu, Xin; Xie, Fang-Nan; Dong, Ping; Li, Qiu-Chen; Yu, Guang-Yan; Xiao, Ran

2016-01-01

Fluoride is a ubiquitous natural substance that is often used in dental products to prevent dental caries. The biphasic actions of fluoride imply that excessive systemic exposure to fluoride can cause harmful effects on embryonic development in both animal models and humans. However, insufficient information is available on the effects of fluoride on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), which is a novel in vitro humanized model for analyzing the embryotoxicities of chemical compounds. Therefore, we investigated the effects of sodium fluoride (NaF) on the proliferation, differentiation and viability of H9 hESCs. For the first time, we showed that 1 mM NaF did not significantly affect the proliferation of hESCs but did disturb the gene expression patterns of hESCs during embryoid body (EB) differentiation. Higher doses of NaF (2 mM and above) markedly decreased the viability and proliferation of hESCs. The mode and underlying mechanism of high-dose NaF-induced cell death were further investigated by assessing the sub-cellular morphology, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activities, cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs). High-dose NaF caused the death of hESCs via apoptosis in a caspase-mediated but ROS-independent pathway, coupled with an increase in the phospho-c-Jun N-terminal kinase (p-JNK) levels. Pretreatment with a p-JNK-specific inhibitor (SP600125) could effectively protect hESCs from NaF-induced cell death in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. These findings suggest that NaF might interfere with early human embryogenesis by disturbing the specification of the three germ layers as well as osteogenic lineage commitment and that high-dose NaF could cause apoptosis through a JNK-dependent pathway in hESCs.

A Dual Tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG PET Imaging of an Orthotopic Brain Tumor Xenograft Model.

PubMed

Fu, Yilong; Ong, Lai-Chun; Ranganath, Sudhir H; Zheng, Lin; Kee, Irene; Zhan, Wenbo; Yu, Sidney; Chow, Pierce K H; Wang, Chi-Hwa

2016-01-01

Early diagnosis of low grade glioma has been a challenge to clinicians. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 18F-FDG as a radio-tracer has limited utility in this area because of the high background in normal brain tissue. Other radiotracers such as 18F-Fluorocholine (18F-FCH) could provide better contrast between tumor and normal brain tissue but with high incidence of false positives. In this study, the potential application of a dual tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG-PET is investigated in order to improve the sensitivity of PET imaging for low grade glioma diagnosis based on a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. BALB/c nude mice with and without orthotopic glioma xenografts from U87 MG-luc2 glioma cell line are used for the study. The animals are subjected to 18F-FCH and 18F-FDG PET imaging, and images acquired from two separate scans are superimposed for analysis. The 18F-FCH counts are subtracted from the merged images to identify the tumor. Micro-CT, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), histology and measurement of the tumor diameter are also conducted for comparison. Results show that there is a significant contrast in 18F-FCH uptake between tumor and normal brain tissue (2.65 ± 0.98), but with a high false positive rate of 28.6%. The difficulty of identifying the tumor by 18F-FDG only is also proved in this study. All the tumors can be detected based on the dual tracer technique of 18F-FCH/18F-FDG-PET imaging in this study, while the false-positive caused by 18F-FCH can be eliminated. Dual tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG PET imaging has the potential to improve the visualization of low grade glioma. 18F-FCH delineates tumor areas and the tumor can be identified by subtracting the 18F-FCH counts. The sensitivity was over 95%. Further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of applying this technique in clinical trials.

A Dual Tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG PET Imaging of an Orthotopic Brain Tumor Xenograft Model

PubMed Central

Ranganath, Sudhir H.; Zheng, Lin; Kee, Irene; Zhan, Wenbo; Yu, Sidney; Chow, Pierce K. H.; Wang, Chi-Hwa

2016-01-01

Early diagnosis of low grade glioma has been a challenge to clinicians. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using 18F-FDG as a radio-tracer has limited utility in this area because of the high background in normal brain tissue. Other radiotracers such as 18F-Fluorocholine (18F-FCH) could provide better contrast between tumor and normal brain tissue but with high incidence of false positives. In this study, the potential application of a dual tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG-PET is investigated in order to improve the sensitivity of PET imaging for low grade glioma diagnosis based on a mouse orthotopic xenograft model. BALB/c nude mice with and without orthotopic glioma xenografts from U87 MG-luc2 glioma cell line are used for the study. The animals are subjected to 18F-FCH and 18F-FDG PET imaging, and images acquired from two separate scans are superimposed for analysis. The 18F-FCH counts are subtracted from the merged images to identify the tumor. Micro-CT, bioluminescence imaging (BLI), histology and measurement of the tumor diameter are also conducted for comparison. Results show that there is a significant contrast in 18F-FCH uptake between tumor and normal brain tissue (2.65 ± 0.98), but with a high false positive rate of 28.6%. The difficulty of identifying the tumor by 18F-FDG only is also proved in this study. All the tumors can be detected based on the dual tracer technique of 18F-FCH/ 18F-FDG-PET imaging in this study, while the false-positive caused by 18F-FCH can be eliminated. Dual tracer 18F-FCH/18F-FDG PET imaging has the potential to improve the visualization of low grade glioma. 18F-FCH delineates tumor areas and the tumor can be identified by subtracting the 18F-FCH counts. The sensitivity was over 95%. Further studies are required to evaluate the possibility of applying this technique in clinical trials. PMID:26844770

Risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in areas suitable for date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) cultivation under various climate change projections.

PubMed

Shabani, Farzin; Kumar, Lalit

2013-01-01

Global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. Therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR) GCMs, was modeled and combined with the future distribution of date palm predicted by the same GCMs, to identify areas suitable for date palm cultivation with different risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Results showed that 40%, 37%, 33% and 28% areas projected to become highly conducive to date palm are under high risk of its lethal fungus, compared with 37%, 39%, 43% and 42% under low risk, for the chosen years respectively. Our study also indicates that areas with marginal risk will be limited to 231, 212, 186 and 172 million hectares by 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The study further demonstrates that CLIMEX outputs refined by a combination of different GCMs results of different species that have symbiosis or parasite relationship, ensure that the predictions become robust, rather than producing hypothetical findings, limited purely to publication.

Risk Levels of Invasive Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. in Areas Suitable for Date Palm (Phoenix dactylifera) Cultivation under Various Climate Change Projections

PubMed Central

Shabani, Farzin; Kumar, Lalit

2013-01-01

Global climate model outputs involve uncertainties in prediction, which could be reduced by identifying agreements between the output results of different models, covering all assumptions included in each. Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. is an invasive pathogen that poses risk to date palm cultivation, among other crops. Therefore, in this study, the future distribution of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., confirmed by CSIRO-Mk3.0 (CS) and MIROC-H (MR) GCMs, was modeled and combined with the future distribution of date palm predicted by the same GCMs, to identify areas suitable for date palm cultivation with different risk levels of invasive Fusarium oxysporum f.sp., for 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. Results showed that 40%, 37%, 33% and 28% areas projected to become highly conducive to date palm are under high risk of its lethal fungus, compared with 37%, 39%, 43% and 42% under low risk, for the chosen years respectively. Our study also indicates that areas with marginal risk will be limited to 231, 212, 186 and 172 million hectares by 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2100. The study further demonstrates that CLIMEX outputs refined by a combination of different GCMs results of different species that have symbiosis or parasite relationship, ensure that the predictions become robust, rather than producing hypothetical findings, limited purely to publication. PMID:24340100

Retarded differentiation of Leydig cells and increased apoptosis of germ cells in the initial round of spermatogenesis of rats with lethal dwarf and epilepsy (lde/lde) phenotypes.

PubMed

Takenaka, Motoo; Yagi, Mio; Amakasu, Kohei; Suzuki, Katsushi; Suzuki, Hiroetsu

2008-01-01

The lde/lde rats show a severe dwarf phenotype with early postnatal lethality and a high incidence of epileptic seizure. Seizures are first detected in this model between 16 and 63 days of age, and mostly begin as wild running and progress to generalized tonic-clonic convulsions. Because our histological examination detected many extracellular vacuoles in the hippocampus and amygdaloid bodies of these animals at 28 days of age, these pathological alterations may be related to the epileptogenesis in lde/lde rats. In addition to these defects, male lde/lde rats have apparently smaller testes with reduced number of germ cells and poorly matured adult-type Leydig cells in comparison with wild-type controls. In the present study, we performed anatomical, histological, and endocrinologic examinations to characterize the testicular phenotype of lde/lde rats at 21, 28, 35, and 56 days of age. Male lde/lde rats showed severely retarded growth of the testes and accessory sex organs. Their seminiferous tubules were significantly smaller and contained markedly fewer germ cells at all time points examined as compared with controls. Significantly fewer Sertoli cells at 21 and 28 days of age, markedly decreased spermatocyte number at 28 days of age, and delayed appearance of spermatids at 56 days of age were observed in the testes of lde/lde rats. More TUNEL (T&T-mediated duTP-biotin nick-end labeling)-positive cells were detected in lde/lde seminiferous tubules, and the largest number of apoptotic cells was recorded at 28 days of age. The increases in 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-positive adult-type Leydig cells and 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-positive mature adult-type Leydig cells were also severely retarded in the testes of lde/lde rats. Consistent with these defects, significantly lower plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone concentrations were detected in lde/lde males at 28 days of age, and weak immunostaining for FSH and smaller cytoplasm of LH-positive cells were detected in the anterior pituitary lobes of lde/lde males. Despite a normal level of plasma LH after 35 days of age, a significantly lower level of plasma testosterone was detected at 56 days of age. These results indicate that the normal lde allele is related to prepubertal elevations of gonadotropins and normal development of adult-type Leydig cells. Because lde/lde rats experience epileptic seizures during the period when the hypothalamus-pituitary-testicular axis is established, lde/lde rats would be useful as a model for reproductive disorder with pediatric epilepsy.

18F-FDG PET/CT as an Indicator of Survival in Ewing Sarcoma of Bone

PubMed Central

Salem, Usama; Amini, Behrang; Chuang, Hubert H.; Daw, Najat C.; Wei, Wei; Haygood, Tamara Miner; Madewell, John E.; Costelloe, Colleen M.

2017-01-01

Objective: The existing literature of 18 F-FDG PET/CT in Ewing sarcoma investigates mixed populations of patients with both soft tissue and bone primary tumors. The aim of our study was to evaluate whether the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax) obtained with 18F-FDG PET/CT before and after induction chemotherapy can be used as an indicator of survival in patients with Ewing sarcoma originating exclusively in the skeleton. Materials and Methods: A retrospective database search from 2004-2011 identified 28 patients who underwent 18 F-FDG PET/CT before (SUV1, n= 28) and after (SUV2, n=23) induction chemotherapy. Mean follow up was 3.3 years and median follow up for survivors was 6.3 years (range: 2.6-9.8 years). Multivariate and univariate Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess for correlation of SUV1, SUV2, and the change in SUVmax with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results: Mean SUVmax was 10.74 before (SUV1) and after 4.11 (SUV2) induction chemotherapy. High SUV1 (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.0-1.1, P = 0.01) and SUV2 (HR =1.2, 95% CI: 1.0-1.4, P = 0.01) were associated with worse OS. A cut off point of 11.6 was identified for SUV1. SUV1 higher than 11.6 had significantly worse OS (HR = 5.71, 95% CI: 1.85 - 17.61, P = 0.003) and PFS (HR = 3.16, 95% CI: 1.13 - 8.79, P = 0.03, P < 0.05 is significant). Conclusion: 18F-FDG PET/CT can be used as a prognostic indicator for survival in primary Ewing sarcoma of bone. PMID:28928879

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo Yicheng; Barro, Guillermo; Faber, Sandra M.

We present a UV to mid-infrared multi-wavelength catalog in the CANDELS/GOODS-S field, combining the newly obtained CANDELS HST/WFC3 F105W, F125W, and F160W data with existing public data. The catalog is based on source detection in the WFC3 F160W band. The F160W mosaic includes the data from CANDELS deep and wide observations as well as previous ERS and HUDF09 programs. The mosaic reaches a 5{sigma} limiting depth (within an aperture of radius 0.''17) of 27.4, 28.2, and 29.7 AB for CANDELS wide, deep, and HUDF regions, respectively. The catalog contains 34,930 sources with the representative 50% completeness reaching 25.9, 26.6, andmore » 28.1 AB in the F160W band for the three regions. In addition to WFC3 bands, the catalog also includes data from UV (U band from both CTIO/MOSAIC and VLT/VIMOS), optical (HST/ACS F435W, F606W, F775W, F814W, and F850LP), and infrared (HST/WFC3 F098M, VLT/ISAAC Ks, VLT/HAWK-I Ks, and Spitzer/IRAC 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 {mu}m) observations. The catalog is validated via stellar colors, comparison with other published catalogs, zero-point offsets determined from the best-fit templates of the spectral energy distribution of spectroscopically observed objects, and the accuracy of photometric redshifts. The catalog is able to detect unreddened star-forming (passive) galaxies with stellar mass of 10{sup 10} M{sub Sun} at a 50% completeness level to z {approx} 3.4 (2.8), 4.6 (3.2), and 7.0 (4.2) in the three regions. As an example of application, the catalog is used to select both star-forming and passive galaxies at z {approx} 2-4 via the Balmer break. It is also used to study the color-magnitude diagram of galaxies at 0 < z < 4.« less

Multi-Feature Based Information Extraction of Urban Green Space Along Road

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, H. H.; Guan, H. Y.

2018-04-01

Green space along road of QuickBird image was studied in this paper based on multi-feature-marks in frequency domain. The magnitude spectrum of green along road was analysed, and the recognition marks of the tonal feature, contour feature and the road were built up by the distribution of frequency channels. Gabor filters in frequency domain were used to detect the features based on the recognition marks built up. The detected features were combined as the multi-feature-marks, and watershed based image segmentation were conducted to complete the extraction of green space along roads. The segmentation results were evaluated by Fmeasure with P = 0.7605, R = 0.7639, F = 0.7622.

SU-F-T-51: Investigating the Effect of Eye Size and Eccentricity On Normal Tissue Doses From Eye Plaque Brachytherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Polsdofer, E; Crilly, R

Purpose: This study investigates the effect of eye size and eccentricity on doses to critical tissues by simulating doses in the Plaque Simulator (v. 6.3.1) software. Present OHSU plaque brachytherapy treatment focuses on delivering radiation to the tumor measured with ocular ultrasound plus a small margin and assumes the orbit has the dimensions of a “standard eye.” Accurately modeling the dimensions of the orbit requires a high resolution ocular CT. This study quantifies how standard differences in equatorial diameters and eccentricity affect calculated doses to critical structures in order to query the justification of the additional CT scan to themore » treatment planning process. Methods: Tumors of 10 mm × 10 mm × 5 mm were modeled at the 12:00:00 hour with a latitude of 45 degrees. Right eyes were modeled at a number of equatorial diameters from 17.5 to 28 mm for each of the standard non-notched COMS plaques with silastic inserts. The COMS plaques were fully loaded with uniform activity, centered on the tumor, and prescribed to a common tumor dose (85 Gy/100 hours). Variations in the calculated doses to normal structures were examined to see if the changes were significant. Results: The calculated dose to normal structures show a marked dependence on eye geometry. This is exemplified by fovea dose which more than doubled in the smaller eyes and nearly halved in the larger model. Additional significant dependence was found in plaque size on the calculated dose in spite of all plaques giving the same dose to the prescription point. Conclusion: The variation in dose with eye dimension fully justifies the addition of a high resolution ocular CT to the planning technique. Additional attention must be made to plaque size beyond simply covering the tumor when considering normal tissue dose.« less

Prominent contribution of portal mesenchymal cells to liver fibrosis in ischemic and obstructive cholestatic injuries.

PubMed

Beaussier, Marc; Wendum, Dominique; Schiffer, Eduardo; Dumont, Sylvie; Rey, Colette; Lienhart, André; Housset, Chantal

2007-03-01

Liver fibrosis is produced by myofibroblasts of different origins. In culture models, rat myofibroblasts derived from hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) and from periductal portal mesenchymal cells, show distinct proliferative and immunophenotypic evolutive profiles, in particular regarding desmin microfilament (overexpressed vs shut-down, respectively). Here, we examined the contributions of both cell types, in two rat models of cholestatic injury, arterial liver ischemia and bile duct ligation (BDL). Serum and (immuno)histochemical hepatic analyses were performed at different time points (2 days, 1, 2 and 6 weeks) after injury induction. Cholestatic liver injury, as attested by serum biochemical tests, was moderate/resolutive in ischemia vs severe and sustained in BDL. Spatio-temporal and morphometric analyses of cytokeratin-19 and Sirius red stainings showed that in both models, fibrosis accumulated around reactive bile ductules, with a significant correlation between the progression rates of fibrosis and of the ductular reaction (both higher in BDL). After 6 weeks, fibrosis was stabilized and did not exceed F2 (METAVIR) in arterial ischemia, whereas micronodular cirrhosis (F4) was established in BDL. Immuno-analyses of alpha-smooth muscle actin and desmin expression profiles showed that intralobular HSCs underwent early phenotypic changes marked by desmin overexpression in both models and that the accumulation of fibrosis coincided with that of alpha-SMA-labeled myofibroblasts around portal/septal ductular structures. With the exception of desmin-positive myofibroblasts located at the portal/septal-lobular interface at early stages, and of myofibroblastic HSCs detected together with fine lobular septa in BDL cirrhotic liver, the vast majority of myofibroblasts were desmin-negative. These findings suggest that both in resolutive and sustained cholestatic injury, fibrosis is produced by myofibroblasts that derive predominantly from portal/periportal mesenchymal cells. While HSCs massively undergo phenotypic changes marked by desmin overexpression, a minority fully converts into matrix-producing myofibroblasts, at sites, which however may be important in the healing process that circumscribes wounded hepatocytes.

Molecular Dynamic Simulation Reveals Damaging Impact of RAC1 F28L Mutation in the Switch I Region

PubMed Central

Sethumadhavan, Rao; Purohit, Rituraj

2013-01-01

Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1) is a plasma membrane-associated small GTPase which cycles between the active GTP-bound and inactive GDP-bound states. There is wide range of evidences indicating its active participation in inducing cancer-associated phenotypes. RAC1 F28L mutation (RACF28L) is a fast recycling mutation which has been implicated in several cancer associated cases. In this work we have performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation (~0.3 μs) to investigate the conformational changes occurring in the mutant protein. The RMSD, RMSF and NHbonds results strongly suggested that the loss of native conformation in the Switch I region in RAC1 mutant protein could be the reason behind its oncogenic transformation. The overall results suggested that the mutant protein attained compact conformation as compared to the native. The major impact of mutation was observed in the Switch I region which might be the crucial reason behind the loss of interaction between the guanine ring and F28 residue. PMID:24146998

Exploring and reducing stress in young restaurant workers: results of a randomized field trial.

PubMed

Petree, Robyn D; Broome, Kirk M; Bennett, Joel B

2012-01-01

Young adult restaurant workers face the dual stressors of work adjustment and managing personal responsibilities. We assessed a new psychosocial/health promotion training designed to reduce these stressors in the context of restaurant work. DESIGN . A cluster-randomized trial of a training program, with surveys administered approximately 2 weeks before training and both 6 and 12 months after training. A national restaurant chain. A total of 947 restaurant workers in 28 restaurants. Personal stress, exposure to problem coworkers, and personal and job characteristics. Team Resilience (TR) is an interactive program for stress management, teamwork, and work-life balance. TR focuses on "five Cs" of resilience: compassion, commitment, centering, community, and confidence. ANALYSIS . Mixed-model (multilevel) analysis of covariances. Compared with workers in control stores, workers in TR-trained stores showed significant reductions over time in exposure to problem coworkers (F[2, 80.60]  =  4.48; p  =  .01) and in personal stress (F[2, 75.28]  =  6.12; p  =  .003). The TR program may help young workers who face the challenges of emerging adulthood and work-life balance.

A NON-LTE ANALYSIS OF THE HOT SUBDWARF O STAR BD+28 Degree-Sign 4211. I. THE UV SPECTRUM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Latour, M.; Fontaine, G.; Brassard, P.

We present a detailed analysis of the UV spectrum of the calibration star BD+28 Degree-Sign 4211 using high-quality spectra obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope and Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer satellites. To this aim, we compare quantitatively the observed data with model spectra obtained from state-of-the-art non-LTE metal line-blanketed model atmospheres and synthetic spectra calculated with TLUSTY and SYNSPEC. We thus determine in a self-consistent way the abundances of 11 elements with well-defined lines in the UV, namely those of C, N, O, F, Mg, Si, P, S, Ar, Fe, and Ni. The derived abundances range from about solar to 1/10more » solar. We find that the overall quality of the derived spectral fits is very satisfying. Our spectral analysis can be used to constrain rather tightly the effective temperature of BD+28 Degree-Sign 4211 to a value of T{sub eff} = 82, 000 {+-} 5000 K. We also estimate conservatively that its surface gravity falls in the range log g = 6.2{sub -0.1}{sup +0.3}. Assuming that the Hipparcos measurement for BD+28 Degree-Sign 4211 is fully reliable and that our model atmospheres are reasonably realistic, we can reconcile our spectroscopic constraints with the available parallax measurement only if the mass of BD+28 Degree-Sign 4211 is significantly less than the canonical value of 0.5 M{sub Sun} for a representative post-extended horizontal branch star.« less

Antitumor activity of fermented noni exudates and its fractions

PubMed Central

LI, JINHUA; CHANG, LENG-CHEE; WALL, MARISA; WONG, D.K.W.; YU, XIANZHONG; WEI, YANZHANG

2013-01-01

Noni has been extensively used in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2000 year. Recent studies have shown that noni has a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities including inhibition of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer activities. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of fermented noni exudates (fNE) were previously found to induce significant tumor rejection in a S180 mouse sarcoma tumor model, while natural killer (NK) cells were demonstrated to be markedly involved in fNE-induced antitumor activity. In this study, fNE was partitioned into three fractions and their antitumor effects were examined using i.p. injection or as water supplement. The in vivo animal study results showed that when delivered by i.p. injection, n-butanol fraction of fNE (BuOH) effectively rejected (100%) tumor challenge and eradicated existing tumors (75%). When delivered as a water supplement, 62.5% of the mice receiving the n-butanol or ethyl acetate fractions resisted tumor cells. The tumor-resistant mice effectively rejected more and higher doses of tumor challenge, indicating that the immune system was activated. The findings confirm those of an earlier study showing fNE to have anti-tumor activity and demonstrating that the n-butanol fraction of fNE contains active antitumor components, to be further identified. More importantly, the antitumor effect of fNE and its fractions as water supplements renders a significant potential for identifying novel and powerful new dietary products for cancer prevention. PMID:24649140

Antitumor activity of fermented noni exudates and its fractions.

PubMed

Li, Jinhua; Chang, Leng-Chee; Wall, Marisa; Wong, D K W; Yu, Xianzhong; Wei, Yanzhang

2013-01-01

Noni has been extensively used in folk medicine by Polynesians for over 2000 year. Recent studies have shown that noni has a wide spectrum of therapeutic activities including inhibition of angiogenesis, anti-inflammatory effects and anti-cancer activities. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of fermented noni exudates (fNE) were previously found to induce significant tumor rejection in a S180 mouse sarcoma tumor model, while natural killer (NK) cells were demonstrated to be markedly involved in fNE-induced antitumor activity. In this study, fNE was partitioned into three fractions and their antitumor effects were examined using i.p. injection or as water supplement. The in vivo animal study results showed that when delivered by i.p. injection, n-butanol fraction of fNE (BuOH) effectively rejected (100%) tumor challenge and eradicated existing tumors (75%). When delivered as a water supplement, 62.5% of the mice receiving the n-butanol or ethyl acetate fractions resisted tumor cells. The tumor-resistant mice effectively rejected more and higher doses of tumor challenge, indicating that the immune system was activated. The findings confirm those of an earlier study showing fNE to have anti-tumor activity and demonstrating that the n-butanol fraction of fNE contains active antitumor components, to be further identified. More importantly, the antitumor effect of fNE and its fractions as water supplements renders a significant potential for identifying novel and powerful new dietary products for cancer prevention.

Effect of postponed treatment with an anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) F(ab')2 fragment on endotoxin-induced cytokine and neutrophil responses in chimpanzees.

PubMed Central

van der Poll, T; Levi, M; ten Cate, H; Jansen, J; Biemond, B J; Haagmans, B L; Eerenberg, A; van Deventer, S J; Hack, C E; ten Cate, J W

1995-01-01

TNF is considered to be an intermediate factor in endotoxin-induced release of other cytokines and endotoxin-induced neutrophil degranulation. Little is known about the effect of postponed treatment with anti-TNF in primate endotoxin models. To assess the effect of delayed treatment with anti-TNF in endotoxaemia, six healthy adult chimpanzees were intravenously injected with Escherichia coli endotoxin (4 ng/kg). In three of these animals the administration of endotoxin was followed after 30 min by a bolus i.v. injection of the anti-TNF F(ab')2 fragment MAK 195F (0.1 mg/kg). Post-treatment with MAK 195F completely prevented the appearance of TNF activity in serum elicited by endotoxin, and markedly reduced the rises in the serum concentrations of IL-6 and IL-8. In addition, the endotoxin-induced increases in the type I and type II soluble TNF receptors were also profoundly inhibited by MAK 195F, suggesting that TNF is involved in the release of its own soluble receptors in endotoxaemia. Neutrophilic leucocytosis was not affected by MAK 195F. In contrast, MAK 195F did significantly abrogate neutrophil degranulation, as measured by the plasma concentrations of lactoferrin. These results indicate that treatment with anti-TNF 30 min after the administration of endotoxin is still effective in attenuating the induction of the cytokine network and of neutrophil degranulation. PMID:7697917

Demographic estimation methods for plants with dormancy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kery, M.; Gregg, K.B.

2004-01-01

Demographic studies in plants appear simple because unlike animals, plants do not run away. Plant individuals can be marked with, e.g., plastic tags, but often the coordinates of an individual may be sufficient to identify it. Vascular plants in temperate latitudes have a pronounced seasonal life–cycle, so most plant demographers survey their study plots once a year often during or shortly after flowering. Life–states are pervasive in plants, hence the results of a demographic study for an individual can be summarized in a familiar encounter history, such as 0VFVVF000. A zero means that an individual was not seen in a year and a letter denotes its state for years when it was seen aboveground. V and F here stand for vegetative and flowering states, respectively. Probabilities of survival and state transitions can then be obtained by mere counting.Problems arise when there is an unobservable dormant state, i.e., when plants may stay belowground for one or more growing seasons. Encounter histories such as 0VF00F000 may then occur where the meaning of zeroes becomes ambiguous. A zero can either mean a dead or a dormant plant. Various ad hoc methods in wide use among plant ecologists have made strong assumptions about when a zero should be equated to a dormant individual. These methods have never been compared among each other. In our talk and in Kéry et al. (submitted), we show that these ad hoc estimators provide spurious estimates of survival and should not be used.In contrast, if detection probabilities for aboveground plants are known or can be estimated, capturerecapture (CR) models can be used to estimate probabilities of survival and state–transitions and the fraction of the population that is dormant. We have used this approach in two studies of terrestrial orchids, Cleistes bifaria (Kéry et al., submitted) and Cypripedium reginae(Kéry & Gregg, submitted) in West Virginia, U.S.A. For Cleistes, our data comprised one population with a total of 620 marked ramets over 10 years, and for Cypripedium, two populations with 98 and 258 marked ramets over 11 years. We chose the ramet (= single stem or shoot) as the demographic unit of our study since there was no way distinguishing among genets (genet = genetical individual, i.e., the “individual” that animal ecologists are mostly concerned with). This will introduce some non–independence into the data, which can nevertheless be dealt with easily by correcting variances for overdispersion. Using ramets instead of genets has the further advantage that individuals can be assigned to a state such as flowering or vegetative in an unambiguous manner. This is not possible when genets are the demographic units. In all three populations, auxiliary data was available to show that detection probability of aboveground plants was m 0.995We fitted multistate models in program MARK by specifying three states (D, V, F), even though the dormant state D does not occur in the encounter histories. Detection probability is fixed at 1 for the vegetative (V) and the flowering state (F) and at zero for the dormant state (D). Rates of survival and of state transitions as well as slopes of covariate relationships can be estimated and LRT or the AIC machinery be used to select among models. To estimate the fraction of the population in the unobservabledormant state, the encounter histories are collapsed to 0 (plant not observed aboveground) and 1 (plant observed aboveground). The Cormack–Jolly–Seber model without constraints on detection probability is used to estimate detection probability, the complement of which is the estimated fraction of the population in the dormant state.Parameter identifiability is an important issue in multi state models. We used the Catchpole–Morgan–Freeman approach to determine which parameters are estimable in principle in our multi state models. Most of 15 tested models were indeed estimable with the notable exception of the most general model, which has fully interactive state- and time-dependent survival and state transition rates. This model would become identifiable if at least some plants would be excavated in years when they do not show up aboveground.Our analyses for three analyzed populations of Cleistes and Cypripedium yielded annual ramet survival rates ranging from 0.86–0.96. Estimates of the average fraction dormant ranged from 0.02–0.30, but with up to half a population in the dormant state in some years. Ultrastructural modeling enables interesting hypotheses to be tested about the relationships of demographic rates with climatic covariates for instance. Such covariate modeling makes the CR approach particularly interesting for evolutionary–ecological questions about, e.g., the adaptive significance of the dormant state.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains exhibit differential and strain-specific molecular signatures in pulmonary epithelial cells.

PubMed

Mvubu, Nontobeko Eunice; Pillay, Balakrishna; Gamieldien, Junaid; Bishai, William; Pillay, Manormoney

2016-12-01

Although pulmonary epithelial cells are integral to innate and adaptive immune responses during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection, global transcriptomic changes in these cells remain largely unknown. Changes in gene expression induced in pulmonary epithelial cells infected with M. tuberculosis F15/LAM4/KZN, F11, F28, Beijing and Unique genotypes were investigated by RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq). The Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform generated 50 bp reads that were mapped to the human genome (Hg19) using Tophat (2.0.10). Differential gene expression induced by the different strains in infected relative to the uninfected cells was quantified and compared using Cufflinks (2.1.0) and MeV (4.0.9), respectively. Gene expression varied among the strains with the total number of genes as follows: F15/LAM4/KZN (1187), Beijing (1252), F11 (1639), F28 (870), Unique (886) and H37Rv (1179). A subset of 292 genes was commonly induced by all strains, where 52 genes were down-regulated while 240 genes were up-regulated. Differentially expressed genes were compared among the strains and the number of induced strain-specific gene signatures were as follows: F15/LAM4/KZN (138), Beijing (52), F11 (255), F28 (55), Unique (186) and H37Rv (125). Strain-specific molecular gene signatures associated with functional pathways were observed only for the Unique and H37Rv strains while certain biological functions may be associated with other strain signatures. This study demonstrated that strains of M. tuberculosis induce differential gene expression and strain-specific molecular signatures in pulmonary epithelial cells. Specific signatures induced by clinical strains of M. tuberculosis can be further explored for novel host-associated biomarkers and adjunctive immunotherapies. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of radiation dose reduction and iterative reconstruction on computer-aided detection of pulmonary nodules: Intra-individual comparison.

PubMed

Den Harder, Annemarie M; Willemink, Martin J; van Hamersvelt, Robbert W; Vonken, Evert-Jan P A; Milles, Julien; Schilham, Arnold M R; Lammers, Jan-Willem; de Jong, Pim A; Leiner, Tim; Budde, Ricardo P J

2016-02-01

To evaluate the effect of radiation dose reduction and iterative reconstruction (IR) on the performance of computer-aided detection (CAD) for pulmonary nodules. In this prospective study twenty-five patients were included who were scanned for pulmonary nodule follow-up. Image acquisition was performed at routine dose and three reduced dose levels in a single session by decreasing mAs-values with 45%, 60% and 75%. Tube voltage was fixed at 120 kVp for patients ≥ 80 kg and 100 kVp for patients < 80 kg. Data were reconstructed with filtered back projection (FBP), iDose(4) (levels 1,4,6) and IMR (levels 1-3). All noncalcified solid pulmonary nodules ≥ 4 mm identified by two radiologists in consensus served as the reference standard. Subsequently, nodule volume was measured with CAD software and compared to the reference consensus. The numbers of true-positives, false-positives and missed pulmonary nodules were evaluated as well as the sensitivity. Median effective radiation dose was 2.2 mSv at routine dose and 1.2, 0.9 and 0.6 mSv at respectively 45%, 60% and 75% reduced dose. A total of 28 pulmonary nodules were included. With FBP at routine dose, 89% (25/28) of the nodules were correctly identified by CAD. This was similar at reduced dose levels with FBP, iDose(4) and IMR. CAD resulted in a median number of false-positives findings of 11 per scan with FBP at routine dose (93% of the CAD marks) increasing to 15 per scan with iDose(4) (95% of the CAD marks) and 26 per scan (96% of the CAD marks) with IMR at the lowest dose level. CAD can identify pulmonary nodules at submillisievert dose levels with FBP, hybrid and model-based IR. However, the number of false-positive findings increased using hybrid and especially model-based IR at submillisievert dose while dose reduction did not affect the number of false-positives with FBP. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

75 FR 66007 - Mark Edward Leyse; Mark Edward Leyse and Raymond Shadis, on Behalf of the New England Coalition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-27

... cladding temperature in order to provide a necessary margin of safety in the event of a loss-of-coolant... confirming that we have received your comments, contact us directly at 301-415-1677. Hand-deliver comments to...-conservative in their peak cladding temperature limit of 2200 [deg]F, and that the Baker-Just and Cathcart...

Deficient synthesis of glutathione underlies oxidative stress in aging and can be corrected by dietary cysteine and glycine supplementation1234

PubMed Central

Patel, Sanjeet G; Guthikonda, Anuradha P; Reid, Marvin; Balasubramanyam, Ashok; Taffet, George E; Jahoor, Farook

2011-01-01

Background: Aging is associated with oxidative stress, but underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Objective: We tested whether glutathione deficiency occurs because of diminished synthesis and contributes to oxidative stress in aging and whether stimulating glutathione synthesis with its precursors cysteine and glycine could alleviate oxidative stress. Design: Eight elderly and 8 younger subjects received stable-isotope infusions of [2H2]glycine, after which red blood cell (RBC) glutathione synthesis and concentrations, plasma oxidative stress, and markers of oxidant damage (eg, F2-isoprostanes) were measured. Elderly subjects were restudied after 2 wk of glutathione precursor supplementation. Results: Compared with younger control subjects, elderly subjects had markedly lower RBC concentrations of glycine (486.7 ± 28.3 compared with 218.0 ± 23.7 μmol/L; P < 0.01), cysteine (26.2 ± 1.4 compared with 19.8 ± 1.3 μmol/L; P < 0.05), and glutathione (2.08 ± 0.12 compared with 1.12 ± 0.18 mmol/L RBCs; P < 0.05); lower glutathione fractional (83.14 ± 6.43% compared with 45.80 ± 5.69%/d; P < 0.01) and absolute (1.73 ± 0.16 compared with 0.55 ± 0.12 mmol/L RBCs per day; P < 0.01) synthesis rates; and higher plasma oxidative stress (304 ± 16 compared with 346 ± 20 Carratelli units; P < 0.05) and plasma F2-isoprostanes (97.7 ± 8.3 compared with 136.3 ± 11.3 pg/mL; P < 0.05). Precursor supplementation in elderly subjects led to a 94.6% higher glutathione concentration, a 78.8% higher fractional synthesis rate, a 230.9% higher absolute synthesis rate, and significantly lower plasma oxidative stress and F2-isoprostanes. No differences in these measures were observed between younger subjects and supplemented elderly subjects. Conclusions: Glutathione deficiency in elderly humans occurs because of a marked reduction in synthesis. Dietary supplementation with the glutathione precursors cysteine and glycine fully restores glutathione synthesis and concentrations and lowers levels of oxidative stress and oxidant damages. These findings suggest a practical and effective approach to decreasing oxidative stress in aging. PMID:21795440

Variability of foF2 in the African equatorial ionosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akala, A. O.; Oyeyemi, E. O.; Somoye, E. O.; Adeloye, A. B.; Adewale, A. O.

2010-06-01

This paper presents the impact of diurnal, seasonal and solar activity effects on the variability of ionospheric foF2 in the African equatorial latitude. Three African ionospheric stations; Dakar (14.8°N, 17.4°W, dip: 11.4°N), Ouagadougou (12.4°N, 1.5°W, dip: 2.8°N) and Djibouti (11.5°N, 42.8°E, dip: 7.2°N) were considered for the investigation. The overall aim is to provide African inputs that will be of assistance at improving existing forecasting models. The diurnal analysis revealed that the ionospheric critical frequency (foF2) is more susceptible to variability during the night-time than the day-time, with two peaks in the range; 18-38% during post-sunset hours and 35-55% during post-midnight hours. The seasonal and solar activity analyses showed a post-sunset September Equinox maximum and June Solstice maximum of foF2 variability in all the stations for all seasons. At all the stations, foF2 variability was high for low solar activity year. Overall, we concluded that equatorial foF2 variability increases with decreasing solar activity during night-time.

76 FR 70711 - Senior Executive Service; Performance Review Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-15

... BROWN, FRED L BROWN, STEPHANIE H BRUCE, SANDRA D BRYAN, PAUL F BRYAN, WILLIAM N BURROWS, CHARLES W... GEERNAERT, GERALD L GEISER, DAVID W GELLES, CHRISTINE M GENDRON, MARK O GERRARD, JOHN E GIBBS, ROBERT C... HOLLETT, DOUGLAS W HOLLRITH, JAMES W HORTON, LINDA L HOWARD, MICHAEL F HOWELL JR, J T HUIZENGA, DAVID G...

Supportability in Aircraft Systems through Technology and Acquisition Strategy Applications.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

structures is their corrosion resistance. These integral structures are water impregnable. Also, the absence of rivet and fastener hole eliminates the...REPCRT SECURITY CLASS,F,CAT ON lb RESTR;CTIVE MARK.NGSU",CLAS S I7 F 15E Za. SECURITY CLASSiFICAT;ON AUTHORITY 3 DISTRiBUTiQN/ AVAILABILIT ’ OF REPORT

Developmental Meta-Analysis of the Functional Neural Correlates of Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickstein, Daniel P.; Pescosolido, Matthew F.; Reidy, Brooke L.; Galvan, Thania; Kim, Kerri L.; Seymour, Karen E.; Laird, Angela R.; Di Martino, Adriana; Barrett, Rowland P.

2013-01-01

Objective: There is a pressing need to elucidate the brain-behavior interactions underlying autism spectrum disorders (ASD) given the marked rise in ASD diagnosis over the past decade. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has begun to address this need, but few fMRI studies have evaluated age-related changes in ASD. Therefore, we conducted…

Life sciences and space research 25 (1). Gravitational biology; Interdisciplinary Scientific Commission F of the COSPAR Plenary Meeting, 29th, Washington, DC, Aug. 28-Sep. 5, 1992

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cogoli, A. (Editor); Cogoli-Greuter, M. (Editor); Gruener, R. (Editor); Sievers, A. (Editor); Ubbels, G. A. (Editor); Halstead, T. W. (Editor); Ross, M. D. (Editor); Roux, S. J. (Editor); Oser, H. (Editor); Lujan, B. F. (Editor)

1994-01-01

The conference includes papers describing theories and models of cell biology in microgravity and weightlessness; experimental research on cellular responses to altered gravity in plants and animals, natural and simulated; graviresponses in plants; gravitational effects in developmental biology; mechanisms of gravisensing; effects on animals and humans; and educational programs in Space Life Sciences.

Development of a Windbreak Dust Predictive Model and Mitigation Planning Tool

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

laminar and turbulent flow (Uo = 5 m/s and Ls = 1 cm). Figure 28 Deposition fraction, DF, as a function of Stk * showing the collapse of the artificial...Figure 30 Deposition fraction, DF, as a function of the modified Stokes number ( Stk *). Figure 31 The measured decrease in horizontal PM10 flux, F...concentration. Sb Particle travel distance vi SERDP Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Stk Stokes number Stk * Modified Stokes

Multivariate Quality Control Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-10-01

CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE PREFACE The mathematical modeling work described in this report was authorized under Project No. IC162706A553, CB Defense and...the sum of the measurements. A CUSUM of the first principal component would detect changes in the overall thickness of the sheet. A linear trend could...develop- ment of a unique outlier rule for the specific application. 28 LITERATURE CITED 1. Mood, A.M., Graybill , F.A., and Boes, D.C., Introduction to

Targeted delivery of an antisense oligonucleotide in the retina: uptake, distribution, stability, and effect.

PubMed

Rakoczy, P E; Lai, M C; Watson, M; Seydel, U; Constable, I

1996-01-01

In this article, we describe the preliminary results of the development of an animal model that will enable us to study the effect of photoreceptor-derived debris accumulation on the normal function of the retina in vivo. An antisense oligonucleotide (Cat 5), saline, and two control oligonucleotides were injected into the vitreous of 7-week-old RCS-rdy+ rats. The uptake, distribution, and persistence of the antisense oligonucleotide in the retina was demonstrated by fluorescent confocal microscopy, and the stability of the oligonucleotide was shown by GeneScan analysis using a fluorescein-labeled derivative of Cat 5 (Cat 5F). The accumulation of photoreceptor-derived debris was monitored by the number of undigested phagosomes in the RPE layer by light microscopy. Following intravitreal injection of Cat 5F, penetration of the oligonucleotide was observed in the ganglion cell layer in 2 hours and in the photoreceptor and pigment epithelial layers 3 days later. However, at 7, 28, and 56 days postinjection, only the RPE layer had significant amounts of Cat 5F present. Using GeneScan analysis, it was demonstrated that the fluorescein-labeled oligonucleotide present in the RPE layer was not degraded and it retained its original 19-mer length. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of phagosomes found in the RPE layer of control uninjected, saline-injected, and two sense and two antisense oligonucleotides-injected animals at 7 and 28 days postinjection. In contrast, the number of phagosomes was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in the RPE layer of Cat 5 antisense oligonucleotide-injected animals at 7 and 28 days postinjection. This difference, however, disappeared by 56 days postinjection. The inner nuclear layers of the retina of control and experimental animals were not affected by the injections.

Implications of chronic wasting disease, cougar predation, and reduced recruitment for elk management

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sargeant, G.A.; Weber, D.C.; Roddy, D.E.

2011-01-01

Emerging diseases and expanding carnivore populations may have profound implications for ungulate harvest management and population regulation. To better understand effects of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and cougar (Puma concolor) predation, we studied mortality and recruitment of elk (Cervus elaphus) at Wind Cave National Park (WICA) during 2005-2009. We marked 202 elk (83 subadult M and 119 subadult and ad F) with Global Positioning System (GPS) collars, observed 28 deaths during 74,220 days of monitoring, and investigated 42 additional deaths of unmarked elk found dead. Survival rates were similar for males and females and averaged 0.863 (SE = 0.025) annually. Leading causes of mortality included hunting (0.065, SE = 0.019), CWD (0.034, SE = 0.012), and cougar predation (0.029, SE = 0.012). Marked elk killed by hunters and cougars typically were in good physical condition and not infected with CWD. Effects of mortality on population growth were exacerbated by low rates of pregnancy (subadults = 9.5%, SE = 6.6%; ad = 76.9%, SE = 4.2%) and perinatal survival (0.49, SE = 0.085 from 1 Feb to 1 Sep). Chronic wasting disease, increased predation, and reduced recruitment reduced the rate of increase for elk at WICA to approximately ?? = 1.00 (SE = 0.027) during the past decade. Lower rates of increase are mitigating effects of elk on park vegetation, other wildlife, and neighboring lands and will facilitate population control, but may reduce opportunities for elk hunting outside the park. ?? 2011 The Wildlife Society.

The performances of different overlay mark types at 65nm node on 300-mm wafers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tseng, H. T.; Lin, Ling-Chieh; Huang, I. H.; Lin, Benjamin S.; Huang, Chin-Chou K.; Huang, Chien-Jen

2005-05-01

The integrated circuit (IC) manufacturing factories have measured overlay with conventional "box-in-box" (BiB) or "frame-in-frame" (FiF) structures for many years. Since UMC played as a roll of world class IC foundry service provider, tighter and tighter alignment accuracy specs need to be achieved from generation to generation to meet any kind of customers' requirement, especially according to International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) 2003 METROLOGY section1. The process noises resulting from dishing, overlay mark damaging by chemical mechanism polishing (CMP), and the variation of film thickness during deposition are factors which can be very problematic in mark alignment. For example, the conventional "box-in-box" overlay marks could be damaged easily by CMP, because the less local pattern density and wide feature width of the box induce either dishing or asymmetric damages for the measurement targets, which will make the overlay measurement varied and difficult. After Advanced Imaging Metrology (AIM) overlay targets was introduced by KLA-Tencor, studies in the past shown AIM was more robust in overlay metrology than conventional FiF or BiB targets. In this study, the applications of AIM overlay marks under different process conditions will be discussed and compared with the conventional overlay targets. To evaluate the overlay mark performance against process variation on 65nm technology node in 300-mm wafer, three critical layers were chosen in this study. These three layers were Poly, Contact, and Cu-Metal. The overlay targets used for performance comparison were BiB and Non-Segmented AIM (NS AIM) marks. We compared the overlay mark performance on two main areas. The first one was total measurement uncertainty (TMU)3 related items that include Tool Induced Shift (TIS) variability, precision, and matching. The other area is the target robustness against process variations. Based on the present study AIM mark demonstrated an equal or better performance in the TMU related items under our process conditions. However, when non-optimized tungsten CMP was introduced in the tungsten contact process, due to the dense grating line structure design, we found that AIM mark was much more robust than BiB overlay target.

Application of statistical experimental methodology to optimize bioremediation of n-alkanes in aquatic environment.

PubMed

Zahed, Mohammad Ali; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Mohajeri, Leila; Mohajeri, Soraya; Kutty, Shamsul Rahman Mohamed; Isa, Mohamed Hasnain

2010-12-15

Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations for removal of n-alkanes from crude oil contaminated seawater samples in batch reactors. Erlenmeyer flasks were used as bioreactors; each containing 250 mL dispersed crude oil contaminated seawater, indigenous acclimatized microorganism and different amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus based on central composite design (CCD). Samples were extracted and analyzed according to US-EPA protocols using a gas chromatograph. During 28 days of bioremediation, a maximum of 95% total aliphatic hydrocarbons removal was observed. The obtained Model F-value of 267.73 and probability F<0.0001 implied the model was significant. Numerical condition optimization via a quadratic model, predicted 98% n-alkanes removal for a 20-day laboratory bioremediation trial using nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of 13.62 and 1.39 mg/L, respectively. In actual experiments, 95% removal was observed under these conditions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Flood recovery maps for the White River in Bethel, Stockbridge, and Rochester, Vermont, and the Tweed River in Stockbridge and Pittsfield, Vermont, 2014

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.

2015-01-01

Eighteen high-water marks from Tropical Storm Irene were available along the studied reaches. The discharges in the Tropical Storm Irene HEC–RAS model were adjusted so that the resulting water-surface elevations matched the high-water mark elevations along the study reaches. This allowed for an estimation of the water-surface profile throughout the study area resulting from Tropical Storm Irene. From a comparison of the estimated water-surface profile of Tropical Storm Irene to the water-surface profiles of the 1- and 0.2-percent AEP floods, it was determined that the high-water elevations resulting from Tropical Storm Irene exceeded the estimated 1-percent AEP flood throughout the White River and Tweed River study reaches and exceeded the estimated 0.2-percent AEP flood in 16.7 of the 28.6 study reach miles. The simulated water-surface profiles were then combined with a geographic information system digital elevation model derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) data having a 18.2-centimeter vertical accuracy at the 95-percent confidence level and 1-meter horizontal resolution to delineate the area flooded for each water-surface profile.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, MONOPROP MOLD KILLER, 08/28/1986

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-21

... The. 4t.poe. of e~t1 baa illl .... i- 1ary lan4fill or by iatineration. or. ... ( •• f ( I A,.Iy It poe"", 'Jlt!1' tGn 'Gf • 'r .. 4h 'nrage I>v 'fIr:lIln!l·~'t" fn .. "~ I. It !f<>f!lI. ...

The Shock and Vibration Bulletin. Part 2. Measurement Techniques and Data Analysis, Dynamic Measurements, Vibration and Acoustics

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

angular dis- meters ( 3.3 inches). The user supplies t 15 volt regulated turbance when multiplied by a long line-of-sight distance power , and the...chosing these numbers o the vibration power will mostly f+l be allocated to the main resonan - > = f . f ces of the test item in a correct 1 (fV+l-f ) .. I...Generators Data Noraircoustic Mark V Lng EPT 1094B Output Acoustic Power 50 kW 10 KW Air Supply Pressure 827.36 N/m 2 X 103 (120 psig) 275.78 N/m 2 X 103

The structure of human 4F2hc ectodomain provides a model for homodimerization and electrostatic interaction with plasma membrane.

PubMed

Fort, Joana; de la Ballina, Laura R; Burghardt, Hans E; Ferrer-Costa, Carles; Turnay, Javier; Ferrer-Orta, Cristina; Usón, Isabel; Zorzano, Antonio; Fernández-Recio, Juan; Orozco, Modesto; Lizarbe, María Antonia; Fita, Ignacio; Palacín, Manuel

2007-10-26

4F2hc (CD98hc) is a multifunctional type II membrane glycoprotein involved in amino acid transport and cell fusion, adhesion, and transformation. The structure of the ectodomain of human 4F2hc has been solved using monoclinic (Protein Data Bank code 2DH2) and orthorhombic (Protein Data Bank code 2DH3) crystal forms at 2.1 and 2.8 A, respectively. It is composed of a (betaalpha)(8) barrel and an antiparallel beta(8) sandwich related to bacterial alpha-glycosidases, although lacking key catalytic residues and consequently catalytic activity. 2DH3 is a dimer with Zn(2+) coordination at the interface. Human 4F2hc expressed in several cell types resulted in cell surface and Cys(109) disulfide bridge-linked homodimers with major architectural features of the crystal dimer, as demonstrated by cross-linking experiments. 4F2hc has no significant hydrophobic patches at the surface. Monomer and homodimer have a polarized charged surface. The N terminus of the solved structure, including the position of Cys(109) residue located four residues apart from the transmembrane domain, is adjacent to the positive face of the ectodomain. This location of the N terminus and the Cys(109)-intervening disulfide bridge imposes space restrictions sufficient to support a model for electrostatic interaction of the 4F2hc ectodomain with membrane phospholipids. These results provide the first crystal structure of heteromeric amino acid transporters and suggest a dynamic interaction of the 4F2hc ectodomain with the plasma membrane.

A preliminary study on the role of the complement regulatory protein, cluster of differentiation 55, in mice with diabetic neuropathic pain.

PubMed

Nie, Fachuan; Su, Dong; Shi, Ying; Chen, Jinmei; Wang, Haihui; Qin, Wanxiang; Chen, Yaohua; Wang, Suxia; Li, Lei

2015-03-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the complement regulatory protein cluster of differentiation 55 (CD55) in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathic pain (DNP). Healthy adult male C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally injected with streptozotocin (STZ) in order to induce DNP. Peripheral blood glucose and protein, and the mRNA expression levels of C3 and CD55 in the spinal cord were determined. In addition, the behaviors of these mice were observed. The results showed that STZ‑treated mice displayed the clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus, and that their peripheral blood glucose was markedly increased. On the 21st and 28th days following the STZ injection, the mechanical pain threshold and thermal pain threshold of the mice were dramatically reduced (P<0.05). |Additionally, 14 days post‑STZ injection, the mRNA expression of C3 in the spinal cord was significantly increased, which continued for 28 days. On the 21st and 28th days, the number of C3 positive cells in the spinal cord was markedly increased. Seven days after the STZ injection, the number of cells positive for CD55 was markedly reduced in the spinal dorsal horn and subsequently remained at a low level. The mRNA expression of CD55 also was significantly reduced (P<0.05) and remained so for 28 days. The reduction in the expression levels of CD55 occurred earlier than the changes in the expression of C3, suggesting that the downregulation of CD55 expression precedes, and has an important role regarding, the activation of C3 in the occurrence and development of DNP.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, official crew portrait

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-03-16

S89-29370 (March 1989) --- These five astronauts have been assigned to man the Space Shuttle Columbia for STS-28, a Department of Defense-devoted mission scheduled for July of this year. Brewster H. Shaw (center, front) is mission commander; and Richard N. Richards (left) is pilot. Mission specialists are, left to right, Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson and David C. Leestma (seated).

Broadband distortion modeling in Lyman-α forest BAO fitting

DOE PAGES

Blomqvist, Michael; Kirkby, David; Bautista, Julian E.; ...

2015-11-23

Recently, the Lyman-α absorption observed in the spectra of high-redshift quasars has been used as a tracer of large-scale structure by means of the three-dimensional Lyman-α forest auto-correlation function at redshift z≃ 2.3, but the need to fit the quasar continuum in every absorption spectrum introduces a broadband distortion that is difficult to correct and causes a systematic error for measuring any broadband properties. Here, we describe a k-space model for this broadband distortion based on a multiplicative correction to the power spectrum of the transmitted flux fraction that suppresses power on scales corresponding to the typical length of amore » Lyman-α forest spectrum. In implementing the distortion model in fits for the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak position in the Lyman-α forest auto-correlation, we find that the fitting method recovers the input values of the linear bias parameter b F and the redshift-space distortion parameter β F for mock data sets with a systematic error of less than 0.5%. Applied to the auto-correlation measured for BOSS Data Release 11, our method improves on the previous treatment of broadband distortions in BAO fitting by providing a better fit to the data using fewer parameters and reducing the statistical errors on βF and the combination b F(1+β F) by more than a factor of seven. The measured values at redshift z=2.3 are βF=1.39 +0.11 +0.24 +0.38 -0.10 -0.19 -0.28 and bF(1+βF)=-0.374 +0.007 +0.013 +0.020 -0.007 -0.014 -0.022 (1σ, 2σ and 3σ statistical errors). Our fitting software and the input files needed to reproduce our main results are publicly available.« less

Broadband distortion modeling in Lyman-α forest BAO fitting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blomqvist, Michael; Kirkby, David; Margala, Daniel, E-mail: cblomqvi@uci.edu, E-mail: dkirkby@uci.edu, E-mail: dmargala@uci.edu

2015-11-01

In recent years, the Lyman-α absorption observed in the spectra of high-redshift quasars has been used as a tracer of large-scale structure by means of the three-dimensional Lyman-α forest auto-correlation function at redshift z≅ 2.3, but the need to fit the quasar continuum in every absorption spectrum introduces a broadband distortion that is difficult to correct and causes a systematic error for measuring any broadband properties. We describe a k-space model for this broadband distortion based on a multiplicative correction to the power spectrum of the transmitted flux fraction that suppresses power on scales corresponding to the typical length of amore » Lyman-α forest spectrum. Implementing the distortion model in fits for the baryon acoustic oscillation (BAO) peak position in the Lyman-α forest auto-correlation, we find that the fitting method recovers the input values of the linear bias parameter b{sub F} and the redshift-space distortion parameter β{sub F} for mock data sets with a systematic error of less than 0.5%. Applied to the auto-correlation measured for BOSS Data Release 11, our method improves on the previous treatment of broadband distortions in BAO fitting by providing a better fit to the data using fewer parameters and reducing the statistical errors on β{sub F} and the combination b{sub F}(1+β{sub F}) by more than a factor of seven. The measured values at redshift z=2.3 are β{sub F}=1.39{sup +0.11 +0.24 +0.38}{sub −0.10 −0.19 −0.28} and b{sub F}(1+β{sub F})=−0.374{sup +0.007 +0.013 +0.020}{sub −0.007 −0.014 −0.022} (1σ, 2σ and 3σ statistical errors). Our fitting software and the input files needed to reproduce our main results are publicly available.« less

The effect of stillbirth on reproductive and productive performance of pure Egyptian buffaloes and their crosses with Italian buffaloes.

PubMed

Nasr, Mohammed A F

2017-11-01

High rates of stillbirth in buffaloes are not only emotionally and economically undesirable but also contrary to animal welfare practices. Thus, this study was aimed to investigate risk factors for stillbirth and analyze its effects on the productive and reproductive performance of pure Egyptian buffaloes (PE) and their crossing with the Italian buffaloes (F 1 crosses 50%PE and 50%Italian buffaloes and Back cross (BC) 75%PE and 25%Italian buffaloes) under subtropical environmental conditions. Records of a total of 8388 (5169PE, 1494F 1 and 1725BC) were used in this study with 1965 actual first parity records (489, 621 and 855, respectively). The incidence of stillbirth in the farms was 12.4% and 9.2% for primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively. It did not vary among seasons or due to gestation length, calf sex and conception after first insemination in BC buffaloes. BC buffaloes with stillbirths had shorter gestation length, first service post-partum and longer dry period (300.32, 33.67 and 207.05days, respectively) compared to those live births (311.28, 33.90 and 140.22days, respectively), implying that these animals could better adapt to the tough circumstances following stillbirth as reproductive indices were only slightly affected due to stillbirths. Contrarily, the productivity and reproductive performance of PE buffaloes were markedly decreased after stillbirth. Their milk yield, average daily milk yield and lactation length were decreased by 6.27, 10.29 and 6.36%, respectively after stillbirth, while days open, dry period and first service post-partum were increased after stillbirth by 14.28, 13.54 and 12.78%, respectively. The results from this study suggest that producers should be promoted to increase the BC animals in their farms with the intention of increasing milk production and ensure superior reproduction efficiencies with lower stillbirth incidence. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Application of Probability Methods to Assess Crash Modeling Uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyle, Karen H.; Stockwell, Alan E.; Hardy, Robin C.

2003-01-01

Full-scale aircraft crash simulations performed with nonlinear, transient dynamic, finite element codes can incorporate structural complexities such as: geometrically accurate models; human occupant models; and advanced material models to include nonlinear stress-strain behaviors, and material failure. Validation of these crash simulations is difficult due to a lack of sufficient information to adequately determine the uncertainty in the experimental data and the appropriateness of modeling assumptions. This paper evaluates probabilistic approaches to quantify the effects of finite element modeling assumptions on the predicted responses. The vertical drop test of a Fokker F28 fuselage section will be the focus of this paper. The results of a probabilistic analysis using finite element simulations will be compared with experimental data.

Application of Probability Methods to Assess Crash Modeling Uncertainty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lyle, Karen H.; Stockwell, Alan E.; Hardy, Robin C.

2007-01-01

Full-scale aircraft crash simulations performed with nonlinear, transient dynamic, finite element codes can incorporate structural complexities such as: geometrically accurate models; human occupant models; and advanced material models to include nonlinear stress-strain behaviors, and material failure. Validation of these crash simulations is difficult due to a lack of sufficient information to adequately determine the uncertainty in the experimental data and the appropriateness of modeling assumptions. This paper evaluates probabilistic approaches to quantify the effects of finite element modeling assumptions on the predicted responses. The vertical drop test of a Fokker F28 fuselage section will be the focus of this paper. The results of a probabilistic analysis using finite element simulations will be compared with experimental data.

Construction of an Integrated High Density Simple Sequence Repeat Linkage Map in Cultivated Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa) and its Applicability

PubMed Central

Isobe, Sachiko N.; Hirakawa, Hideki; Sato, Shusei; Maeda, Fumi; Ishikawa, Masami; Mori, Toshiki; Yamamoto, Yuko; Shirasawa, Kenta; Kimura, Mitsuhiro; Fukami, Masanobu; Hashizume, Fujio; Tsuji, Tomoko; Sasamoto, Shigemi; Kato, Midori; Nanri, Keiko; Tsuruoka, Hisano; Minami, Chiharu; Takahashi, Chika; Wada, Tsuyuko; Ono, Akiko; Kawashima, Kumiko; Nakazaki, Naomi; Kishida, Yoshie; Kohara, Mitsuyo; Nakayama, Shinobu; Yamada, Manabu; Fujishiro, Tsunakazu; Watanabe, Akiko; Tabata, Satoshi

2013-01-01

The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria× ananassa) is an octoploid (2n = 8x = 56) of the Rosaceae family whose genomic architecture is still controversial. Several recent studies support the AAA′A′BBB′B′ model, but its complexity has hindered genetic and genomic analysis of this important crop. To overcome this difficulty and to assist genome-wide analysis of F. × ananassa, we constructed an integrated linkage map by organizing a total of 4474 of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers collected from published Fragaria sequences, including 3746 SSR markers [Fragaria vesca expressed sequence tag (EST)-derived SSR markers] derived from F. vesca ESTs, 603 markers (F. × ananassa EST-derived SSR markers) from F. × ananassa ESTs, and 125 markers (F. × ananassa transcriptome-derived SSR markers) from F. × ananassa transcripts. Along with the previously published SSR markers, these markers were mapped onto five parent-specific linkage maps derived from three mapping populations, which were then assembled into an integrated linkage map. The constructed map consists of 1856 loci in 28 linkage groups (LGs) that total 2364.1 cM in length. Macrosynteny at the chromosome level was observed between the LGs of F. × ananassa and the genome of F. vesca. Variety distinction on 129 F. × ananassa lines was demonstrated using 45 selected SSR markers. PMID:23248204

Matching the reaction-diffusion simulation to dynamic [18F]FMISO PET measurements in tumors: extension to a flow-limited oxygen-dependent model.

PubMed

Shi, Kuangyu; Bayer, Christine; Gaertner, Florian C; Astner, Sabrina T; Wilkens, Jan J; Nüsslin, Fridtjof; Vaupel, Peter; Ziegler, Sibylle I

2017-02-01

Positron-emission tomography (PET) with hypoxia specific tracers provides a noninvasive method to assess the tumor oxygenation status. Reaction-diffusion models have advantages in revealing the quantitative relation between in vivo imaging and the tumor microenvironment. However, there is no quantitative comparison of the simulation results with the real PET measurements yet. The lack of experimental support hampers further applications of computational simulation models. This study aims to compare the simulation results with a preclinical [ 18 F]FMISO PET study and to optimize the reaction-diffusion model accordingly. Nude mice with xenografted human squamous cell carcinomas (CAL33) were investigated with a 2 h dynamic [ 18 F]FMISO PET followed by immunofluorescence staining using the hypoxia marker pimonidazole and the endothelium marker CD 31. A large data pool of tumor time-activity curves (TAC) was simulated for each mouse by feeding the arterial input function (AIF) extracted from experiments into the model with different configurations of the tumor microenvironment. A measured TAC was considered to match a simulated TAC when the difference metric was below a certain, noise-dependent threshold. As an extension to the well-established Kelly model, a flow-limited oxygen-dependent (FLOD) model was developed to improve the matching between measurements and simulations. The matching rate between the simulated TACs of the Kelly model and the mouse PET data ranged from 0 to 28.1% (on average 9.8%). By modifying the Kelly model to an FLOD model, the matching rate between the simulation and the PET measurements could be improved to 41.2-84.8% (on average 64.4%). Using a simulation data pool and a matching strategy, we were able to compare the simulated temporal course of dynamic PET with in vivo measurements. By modifying the Kelly model to a FLOD model, the computational simulation was able to approach the dynamic [ 18 F]FMISO measurements in the investigated tumors.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, landing at Edwards Air Force Base (EAFB) California

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-S-018 (13 Aug 1989) --- The Space shuttle Columbia is captured on film just prior to main gear touchdown at Edwards Air Force Base in Southern California. The landing marked a successful end to a five-day Department of Defense (DOD)-devoted mission. Onboard the spacecraft were astronauts Brewster H. Shaw Jr., Richard N. Richards, David C. Leestma, James C. Adamson and Mark N. Brown.

Empirical Distributions of F ST from Large-Scale Human Polymorphism Data

PubMed Central

Elhaik, Eran

2012-01-01

Studies of the apportionment of human genetic variation have long established that most human variation is within population groups and that the additional variation between population groups is small but greatest when comparing different continental populations. These studies often used Wright’s F ST that apportions the standardized variance in allele frequencies within and between population groups. Because local adaptations increase population differentiation, high-F ST may be found at closely linked loci under selection and used to identify genes undergoing directional or heterotic selection. We re-examined these processes using HapMap data. We analyzed 3 million SNPs on 602 samples from eight worldwide populations and a consensus subset of 1 million SNPs found in all populations. We identified four major features of the data: First, a hierarchically F ST analysis showed that only a paucity (12%) of the total genetic variation is distributed between continental populations and even a lesser genetic variation (1%) is found between intra-continental populations. Second, the global F ST distribution closely follows an exponential distribution. Third, although the overall F ST distribution is similarly shaped (inverse J), F ST distributions varies markedly by allele frequency when divided into non-overlapping groups by allele frequency range. Because the mean allele frequency is a crude indicator of allele age, these distributions mark the time-dependent change in genetic differentiation. Finally, the change in mean-F ST of these groups is linear in allele frequency. These results suggest that investigating the extremes of the F ST distribution for each allele frequency group is more efficient for detecting selection. Consequently, we demonstrate that such extreme SNPs are more clustered along the chromosomes than expected from linkage disequilibrium for each allele frequency group. These genomic regions are therefore likely candidates for natural selection. PMID:23185452

Empirical distributions of F(ST) from large-scale human polymorphism data.

PubMed

Elhaik, Eran

2012-01-01

Studies of the apportionment of human genetic variation have long established that most human variation is within population groups and that the additional variation between population groups is small but greatest when comparing different continental populations. These studies often used Wright's F(ST) that apportions the standardized variance in allele frequencies within and between population groups. Because local adaptations increase population differentiation, high-F(ST) may be found at closely linked loci under selection and used to identify genes undergoing directional or heterotic selection. We re-examined these processes using HapMap data. We analyzed 3 million SNPs on 602 samples from eight worldwide populations and a consensus subset of 1 million SNPs found in all populations. We identified four major features of the data: First, a hierarchically F(ST) analysis showed that only a paucity (12%) of the total genetic variation is distributed between continental populations and even a lesser genetic variation (1%) is found between intra-continental populations. Second, the global F(ST) distribution closely follows an exponential distribution. Third, although the overall F(ST) distribution is similarly shaped (inverse J), F(ST) distributions varies markedly by allele frequency when divided into non-overlapping groups by allele frequency range. Because the mean allele frequency is a crude indicator of allele age, these distributions mark the time-dependent change in genetic differentiation. Finally, the change in mean-F(ST) of these groups is linear in allele frequency. These results suggest that investigating the extremes of the F(ST) distribution for each allele frequency group is more efficient for detecting selection. Consequently, we demonstrate that such extreme SNPs are more clustered along the chromosomes than expected from linkage disequilibrium for each allele frequency group. These genomic regions are therefore likely candidates for natural selection.

Remineralization effect of CPP-ACP and fluoride for white spot lesions in vitro.

PubMed

Oliveira, Gustavo M S; Ritter, André V; Heymann, Harald O; Swift, Edward; Donovan, Terry; Brock, Guy; Wright, Tim

2014-12-01

This in vitro study compared the remineralization effect on white spot lesions of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème, or CPP-ACP (MI Paste™), 1.1% NaF dentifrice containing 5000ppm of fluoride (ControlRX™), or CPP-ACP crème with 900ppm of fluoride (MI Paste Plus™) with that of a control. Artificial white spot lesions were created on smooth enamel surfaces of sound molars using a previously reported demineralization model. Specimens were randomly assigned to four treatments (n=35) with a pH-cycling model over 30 days: Control (no treatment); MI Paste (10% CPP-ACP crème); F5000 (1.1% NaF dentifrice); or MI Paste Plus (10% CPP-ACP plus 900ppm fluoride crème). Products were applied following manufacturers' directions. Changes in mean lesion depth expressed by percent fluorescence loss (ΔF%), and lesion area (mm(2)) from baseline to after treatment were measured with light-induced fluorescence (QLF). Mean values of each parameter were compared between groups (p<0.05). The remineralization pattern for the F5000 group was unique with marked initial remineralization during the first 10 days and little subsequent change. Based on mean lesion area, the F5000 demonstrated greater remineralization than Control, MI Paste and MI Paste Plus groups. Based on mean fluorescence loss, the F5000 group showed improved remineralization relative to MI Paste Plus, but did not differ statistically from the Control at the end of 30 days. The 1.1% NaF dentifrice demonstrated overall greater remineralization ability than 10% CPP-ACP crème. However, the 1.1% NaF dentifrice was only as effective as the Control to reduce fluorescence loss. This study showed that a 1.1% NaF dentifrice (5000ppm) demonstrated greater remineralization ability than the CPP-ACP topical tooth crème and that the addition of fluoride to its formulation seems to enhance remineralization. Saliva also has the ability to exert an important remineralization effect over time. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parametric mapping using spectral analysis for 11C-PBR28 PET reveals neuroinflammation in mild cognitive impairment subjects.

PubMed

Fan, Zhen; Dani, Melanie; Femminella, Grazia D; Wood, Melanie; Calsolaro, Valeria; Veronese, Mattia; Turkheimer, Federico; Gentleman, Steve; Brooks, David J; Hinz, Rainer; Edison, Paul

2018-07-01

Neuroinflammation and microglial activation play an important role in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we investigated the spatial distribution of neuroinflammation in MCI subjects, using spectral analysis (SA) to generate parametric maps and quantify 11 C-PBR28 PET, and compared these with compartmental and other kinetic models of quantification. Thirteen MCI and nine healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent 11 C-PBR28 PET scans with arterial cannulation. Spectral analysis with an arterial plasma input function was used to generate 11 C-PBR28 parametric maps. These maps were then compared with regional 11 C-PBR28 V T (volume of distribution) using a two-tissue compartment model and Logan graphic analysis. Amyloid load was also assessed with 18 F-Flutemetamol PET. With SA, three component peaks were identified in addition to blood volume. The 11 C-PBR28 impulse response function (IRF) at 90 min produced the lowest coefficient of variation. Single-subject analysis using this IRF demonstrated microglial activation in five out of seven amyloid-positive MCI subjects. IRF parametric maps of 11 C-PBR28 uptake revealed a group-wise significant increase in neuroinflammation in amyloid-positive MCI subjects versus HC in multiple cortical association areas, and particularly in the temporal lobe. Interestingly, compartmental analysis detected group-wise increase in 11 C-PBR28 binding in the thalamus of amyloid-positive MCI subjects, while Logan parametric maps did not perform well. This study demonstrates for the first time that spectral analysis can be used to generate parametric maps of 11 C-PBR28 uptake, and is able to detect microglial activation in amyloid-positive MCI subjects. IRF parametric maps of 11 C-PBR28 uptake allow voxel-wise single-subject analysis and could be used to evaluate microglial activation in individual subjects.

Downregulation of Forkhead box F1 gene expression in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

PubMed

Zimmer, J; Takahashi, T; Hofmann, A D; Puri, Prem

2016-12-01

High mortality and morbidity in infants born with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are attributed to pulmonary hypoplasia and pulmonary hypertension (PH). Forkhead box (Fox) transcription factors are known to be crucial for cell proliferation and homeostasis. FoxF1 is essential for lung morphogenesis, vascular development, and endothelial proliferation. Mutations in FoxF1 and also the Fox family member FoxC2 have been identified in neonates with PH. In human and experimental models of arterial PH, the Fox protein FoxO1 was found to be downregulated. We hypothesized that Fox expression is altered in the lungs of the nitrofen-induced CDH rat model and investigated the expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1. Following ethical approval (Rec 913b), time-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats received nitrofen or vehicle on gestational day (D9). Fetuses were sacrificed on D21, inspected for CDH and divided into CDH (n = 11) and control group (n = 11). Gene expression of FoxF1, FoxC2, and FoxO1 was evaluated with qRT-PCR. Detected alterations of mRNA levels were subsequently assessed on the protein level by performing western blot analysis and laser scanning confocal microscopy. The relative mRNA level of FoxF1 was significantly downregulated in CDH lungs compared to controls (FoxF1 CDH 1.047 ± 0.108, FoxF1 Ctrl 1.419 ± 0.01, p = 0.014). Relative mRNA levels of FoxC2 and FoxO1 were not found to be altered between the experimental groups (FoxC2 CDH 30.74 ± 8.925, FoxC2 Ctrl 27.408 ± 7.487, p = 0.776; FoxO1 CDH 0.011 ± 0.002, FoxO1 Ctrl 0.011 ± 0.001, p = 0.809). On the protein level, western blotting demonstrated a reduced pulmonary protein expression of FoxF1 in CDH lungs. Confocal microscopy showed a markedly diminished expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of CDH lungs compared to controls. Our study demonstrates a strikingly reduced expression of FoxF1 in the pulmonary vasculature of nitrofen-induced CDH. Altered FoxF1 gene expression during embryogenesis may participate in vascular maldevelopment resulting in PH in this animal model.

Generalized Hurst exponent and multifractal function of original and translated texts mapped into frequency and length time series

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ausloos, M.

2012-09-01

A nonlinear dynamics approach can be used in order to quantify complexity in written texts. As a first step, a one-dimensional system is examined: two written texts by one author (Lewis Carroll) are considered, together with one translation into an artificial language (i.e., Esperanto) are mapped into time series. Their corresponding shuffled versions are used for obtaining a baseline. Two different one-dimensional time series are used here: one based on word lengths (LTS), the other on word frequencies (FTS). It is shown that the generalized Hurst exponent h(q) and the derived f(α) curves of the original and translated texts show marked differences. The original texts are far from giving a parabolic f(α) function, in contrast to the shuffled texts. Moreover, the Esperanto text has more extreme values. This suggests cascade model-like, with multiscale time-asymmetric features as finally written texts. A discussion of the difference and complementarity of mapping into a LTS or FTS is presented. The FTS f(α) curves are more opened than the LTS ones.

Generalized Hurst exponent and multifractal function of original and translated texts mapped into frequency and length time series.

PubMed

Ausloos, M

2012-09-01

A nonlinear dynamics approach can be used in order to quantify complexity in written texts. As a first step, a one-dimensional system is examined: two written texts by one author (Lewis Carroll) are considered, together with one translation into an artificial language (i.e., Esperanto) are mapped into time series. Their corresponding shuffled versions are used for obtaining a baseline. Two different one-dimensional time series are used here: one based on word lengths (LTS), the other on word frequencies (FTS). It is shown that the generalized Hurst exponent h(q) and the derived f(α) curves of the original and translated texts show marked differences. The original texts are far from giving a parabolic f(α) function, in contrast to the shuffled texts. Moreover, the Esperanto text has more extreme values. This suggests cascade model-like, with multiscale time-asymmetric features as finally written texts. A discussion of the difference and complementarity of mapping into a LTS or FTS is presented. The FTS f(α) curves are more opened than the LTS ones.

30 CFR 28.31 - Quality control plans; contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 28.31 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Quality Control § 28.31 Quality control plans; contents. (a... Specification MIL-F-15160D is available for examination at the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health...

30 CFR 28.31 - Quality control plans; contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 28.31 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Quality Control § 28.31 Quality control plans; contents. (a... Specification MIL-F-15160D is available for examination at the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health...

30 CFR 28.31 - Quality control plans; contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 28.31 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Quality Control § 28.31 Quality control plans; contents. (a... Specification MIL-F-15160D is available for examination at the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health...

30 CFR 28.31 - Quality control plans; contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28.31 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR TESTING... PROTECTION FOR TRAILING CABLES IN COAL MINES Quality Control § 28.31 Quality control plans; contents. (a... Specification MIL-F-15160D is available for examination at the U.S. Department of Labor, Mine Safety and Health...

PLEURAL EFFECTS OF INDIUM PHOSPHIDE IN B6C3F1 MICE: NONFIBROUS PARTICULATE INDUCED PLEURAL FIBROSIS

PubMed Central

Kirby, Patrick J.; Shines, Cassandra J.; Taylor, Genie J.; Bousquet, Ronald W.; Price, Herman C.; Everitt, Jeffrey I.; Morgan, Daniel L.

2010-01-01

The mechanism(s) by which chronic inhalation of indium phosphide (InP) particles causes pleural fibrosis is not known. Few studies of InP pleural toxicity have been conducted because of the challenges in conducting particulate inhalation exposures, and because the pleural lesions developed slowly over the 2-year inhalation study. The authors investigated whether InP (1 mg/kg) administered by a single oropharyngeal aspiration would cause pleural fibrosis in male B6C3F1 mice. By 28 days after treatment, protein and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were significantly increased in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), but were unchanged in pleural lavage fluid (PLF). A pronounced pleural effusion characterized by significant increases in cytokines and a 3.7-fold increase in cell number was detected 28 days after InP treatment. Aspiration of soluble InCl3 caused a similar delayed pleural effusion; however, other soluble metals, insoluble particles, and fibers did not. The effusion caused by InP was accompanied by areas of pleural thickening and inflammation at day 28, and by pleural fibrosis at day 98. Aspiration of InP produced pleural fibrosis that was histologically similar to lesions caused by chronic inhalation exposure, and in a shorter time period. This oropharyngeal aspiration model was used to provide an initial characterization of the progression of pleural lesions caused by InP. PMID:19995279

The variability and IRI2007-predictability of hmF2 over South Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mbambo, M. C.; McKinnell, Lee-Anne; Habarulema, J. B.

2013-11-01

This paper presents an investigation into the variability and predictability of the maximum height of the ionospheric F2 layer, hmF2 over the South African region. Data from three South African stations, namely Madimbo (22.4°S, 26.5°E, dip angle: -61.47°), Grahamstown (33.3°S, 26.5°E, dip angle: -64.08°) and Louisvale (28.5°S, 21.2°E, dip angle: -65.44°) were used in this study. The results indicate that hmF2 shows a larger variability around midnight than during the daytime for all seasons. Monthly median hmF2 values were used in all cases and were compared with predictions from the IRI-2007 model, using the URSI (Union Radio-Scientifique Internationale) coefficient option. The analysis covers the diurnal and seasonal hourly hmF2 values for the selected months and time sectors e.g. January, July, April and October for 2003 and 2005. The time ranges between (03h00-23h00 UT; LT = UT + 2h) representing the local sunrise, midday, sunset and midnight hours. The time covers sunrise, midday, sunrise, and midnight hours (03-06h00 UT, 07-11h00 UT, sunrise 16-18h00 UT and 22-23h00 UT; LT = UT + 2h). The dependence of the results on solar activity levels was also investigated. The IRI-2007 predictions follow fairly well the diurnal and seasonal variation patterns of the observed hmF2 values at all the stations. However, the IRI-2007 model overestimates and underestimates the hmF2 value during different months for all the solar activity periods.

The effect of bi-terminal PEGylation of an integrin  α vβ 6-targeted 18F peptide on pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake

DOE PAGES

Hausner, Sven H.; Bauer, Nadine; Hu, Lina Y.; ...

2015-03-26

Radiotracers based on the peptide A20FMDV2 selectively target the cell surface receptor integrin α vβ 6. This integrin has been identified as a prognostic indicator correlating with the severity of disease for several challenging malignancies. In previous studies of A20FMDV2 peptides labeled with 4- 18F-fluorobenzoic acid ( 18F-FBA), we have shown that the introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) improves pharmacokinetics, including increased uptake in α vβ 6-expressing tumors. The present study evaluated the effect of site-specific C-terminal or dual (N- and C-terminal) PEGylation, yielding 18F-FBA-A20FMDV2-PEG 28 (4) and 18F-FBA-PEG 28-A20FMDV2-PEG 28 (5), on α vβ 6-targeted tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics.more » The results are compared with 18F-FBA–labeled A20FMDV2 radiotracers (1–3) bearing either no PEG or different PEG units at the N terminus. The radiotracers were prepared and radiolabeled on solid phase. Using 3 cell lines, DX3puroβ6 (α vβ 6+), DX3puro (α vβ 6–), and BxPC-3 (α vβ 6+), we evaluated the radiotracers in vitro (serum stability; cell binding and internalization) and in vivo in mouse models bearing paired DX3puroβ6–DX3puro and, for 5, BxPC-3 xenografts. Here, the size and location of the PEG units significantly affected α vβ 6 targeting and pharmacokinetics. Although the C-terminally PEGylated 4 showed some improvements over the un-PEGylated 18F-FBA-A20FMDV2 (1), it was the bi-terminally PEGylated 5 that displayed the more favorable combination of high α vβ 6 affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile. In vitro, 5 bound to α vβ 6-expressing DX3puroβ6 and BxPC-3 cells with 60.5% ± 3.3% and 48.8% ± 8.3%, respectively, with a significant fraction of internalization (37.2% ± 4.0% and 37.6% ± 4.1% of total radioactivity, respectively). By comparison, in the DX3puro control 5 showed only 3.0% ± 0.5% binding and 0.9% ± 0.2% internalization. In vivo, 5 maintained high, α vβ 6-directed binding in the paired DX3puroβ6–DX3puro model (1 h: DX3puroβ6, 2.3 ± 0.2 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]; DX3puroβ6/DX3puro ratio, 6.5:1; 4 h: 10.7:1). In the pancreatic BxPC-3 model, uptake was 4.7 ± 0.9 %ID/g (1 h) despite small tumor sizes (20–80 mg). In conclusion, the bi-PEGylated radiotracer 5 showed a greatly improved pharmacokinetic profile, beyond what was predicted from individual N- or C-terminal PEGylation. It appears that the 2 PEG units acted synergistically to result in an improved metabolic profile including high α vβ 6+ tumor uptake and retention.« less

The effect of bi-terminal PEGylation of an integrin  α vβ 6-targeted 18F peptide on pharmacokinetics and tumor uptake

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hausner, Sven H.; Bauer, Nadine; Hu, Lina Y.

Radiotracers based on the peptide A20FMDV2 selectively target the cell surface receptor integrin α vβ 6. This integrin has been identified as a prognostic indicator correlating with the severity of disease for several challenging malignancies. In previous studies of A20FMDV2 peptides labeled with 4- 18F-fluorobenzoic acid ( 18F-FBA), we have shown that the introduction of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) improves pharmacokinetics, including increased uptake in α vβ 6-expressing tumors. The present study evaluated the effect of site-specific C-terminal or dual (N- and C-terminal) PEGylation, yielding 18F-FBA-A20FMDV2-PEG 28 (4) and 18F-FBA-PEG 28-A20FMDV2-PEG 28 (5), on α vβ 6-targeted tumor uptake and pharmacokinetics.more » The results are compared with 18F-FBA–labeled A20FMDV2 radiotracers (1–3) bearing either no PEG or different PEG units at the N terminus. The radiotracers were prepared and radiolabeled on solid phase. Using 3 cell lines, DX3puroβ6 (α vβ 6+), DX3puro (α vβ 6–), and BxPC-3 (α vβ 6+), we evaluated the radiotracers in vitro (serum stability; cell binding and internalization) and in vivo in mouse models bearing paired DX3puroβ6–DX3puro and, for 5, BxPC-3 xenografts. Here, the size and location of the PEG units significantly affected α vβ 6 targeting and pharmacokinetics. Although the C-terminally PEGylated 4 showed some improvements over the un-PEGylated 18F-FBA-A20FMDV2 (1), it was the bi-terminally PEGylated 5 that displayed the more favorable combination of high α vβ 6 affinity, selectivity, and pharmacokinetic profile. In vitro, 5 bound to α vβ 6-expressing DX3puroβ6 and BxPC-3 cells with 60.5% ± 3.3% and 48.8% ± 8.3%, respectively, with a significant fraction of internalization (37.2% ± 4.0% and 37.6% ± 4.1% of total radioactivity, respectively). By comparison, in the DX3puro control 5 showed only 3.0% ± 0.5% binding and 0.9% ± 0.2% internalization. In vivo, 5 maintained high, α vβ 6-directed binding in the paired DX3puroβ6–DX3puro model (1 h: DX3puroβ6, 2.3 ± 0.2 percentage injected dose per gram [%ID/g]; DX3puroβ6/DX3puro ratio, 6.5:1; 4 h: 10.7:1). In the pancreatic BxPC-3 model, uptake was 4.7 ± 0.9 %ID/g (1 h) despite small tumor sizes (20–80 mg). In conclusion, the bi-PEGylated radiotracer 5 showed a greatly improved pharmacokinetic profile, beyond what was predicted from individual N- or C-terminal PEGylation. It appears that the 2 PEG units acted synergistically to result in an improved metabolic profile including high α vβ 6+ tumor uptake and retention.« less

Prediction of soil urea conversion and quantification of the importance degrees of influencing factors through a new combinatorial model based on cluster method and artificial neural network.

PubMed

Lei, Tao; Guo, Xianghong; Sun, Xihuan; Ma, Juanjuan; Zhang, Shaowen; Zhang, Yong

2018-05-01

Quantitative prediction of soil urea conversion is crucial in determining the mechanism of nitrogen transformation and understanding the dynamics of soil nutrients. This study aimed to establish a combinatorial prediction model (MCA-F-ANN) for soil urea conversion and quantify the relative importance degrees (RIDs) of influencing factors with the MCA-F-ANN method. Data samples were obtained from laboratory culture experiments, and soil nitrogen content and physicochemical properties were measured every other day. Results showed that when MCA-F-ANN was used, the mean-absolute-percent error values of NH 4 + -N, NO 3 - -N, and NH 3 contents were 3.180%, 2.756%, and 3.656%, respectively. MCA-F-ANN predicted urea transformation under multi-factor coupling conditions more accurately than traditional models did. The RIDs of reaction time (RT), electrical conductivity (EC), temperature (T), pH, nitrogen application rate (F), and moisture content (W) were 32.2%-36.5%, 24.0%-28.9%, 12.8%-15.2%, 9.8%-12.5%, 7.8%-11.0%, and 3.5%-6.0%, respectively. The RIDs of the influencing factors in a descending order showed the pattern RT > EC > T > pH > F > W. RT and EC were the key factors in the urea conversion process. The prediction accuracy of urea transformation process was improved, and the RIDs of the influencing factors were quantified. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Temperature feedback of TRIGA MARK-II fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Usang, M. D., E-mail: mark-dennis@nuclearmalaysia.gov.my; Minhat, M. S.; Rabir, M. H.

2016-01-22

We study the amount of temperature feedback on reactivity for the three types of TRIGA fuel i.. ST8, ST12 and LEU fuel, are used in the TRIGA MARK II reactor in Malaysia Nuclear Agency. We employ WIMSD-5B for the calculation of kin f for a single TRIGA fuel surrounded by water. Typical calculations of TRIGA fuel reactivity are usually limited to ST8 fuel, but in this paper our investigation extends to ST12 and LEU fuel. We look at the kin f of our model at various fuel temperatures and calculate the amount reactivity removed. In one instance, the water temperaturemore » is kept at room temperature of 300K to simulate sudden reactivity increase from startup. In another instance, we simulate the sudden temperature increase during normal operation where the water temperature is approximately 320K while observing the kin f at various fuel temperatures. For accidents, two cases are simulated. The first case is for water temperature at 370K and the other is without any water. We observe that the higher Uranium content fuel such as the ST12 and LEU have much smaller contribution to the reactivity in comparison to the often studied ST8 fuel. In fact the negative reactivity coefficient for LEU fuel at high temperature in water is only slightly larger to the negative reactivity coefficient for ST8 fuel in void. The performance of ST8 fuel in terms of negative reactivity coefficient is cut almost by half when it is in void. These results are essential in the safety evaluation of the reactor and should be carefully considered when choices of fuel for core reconfiguration are made.« less

Temperature feedback of TRIGA MARK-II fuel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usang, M. D.; Minhat, M. S.; Rabir, M. H.; M. Rawi M., Z.

2016-01-01

We study the amount of temperature feedback on reactivity for the three types of TRIGA fuel i.. ST8, ST12 and LEU fuel, are used in the TRIGA MARK II reactor in Malaysia Nuclear Agency. We employ WIMSD-5B for the calculation of kin f for a single TRIGA fuel surrounded by water. Typical calculations of TRIGA fuel reactivity are usually limited to ST8 fuel, but in this paper our investigation extends to ST12 and LEU fuel. We look at the kin f of our model at various fuel temperatures and calculate the amount reactivity removed. In one instance, the water temperature is kept at room temperature of 300K to simulate sudden reactivity increase from startup. In another instance, we simulate the sudden temperature increase during normal operation where the water temperature is approximately 320K while observing the kin f at various fuel temperatures. For accidents, two cases are simulated. The first case is for water temperature at 370K and the other is without any water. We observe that the higher Uranium content fuel such as the ST12 and LEU have much smaller contribution to the reactivity in comparison to the often studied ST8 fuel. In fact the negative reactivity coefficient for LEU fuel at high temperature in water is only slightly larger to the negative reactivity coefficient for ST8 fuel in void. The performance of ST8 fuel in terms of negative reactivity coefficient is cut almost by half when it is in void. These results are essential in the safety evaluation of the reactor and should be carefully considered when choices of fuel for core reconfiguration are made.

Solid AFFF Technology Investigation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

Aqueous film forming foam, Solid AFFF, MIL - F - 24385 , Foam fire tests, Firefighting handlines, Shipboard fire protection 18. Distribution Statement...28 ft2) fire test in MIL - F -24385F was used as a screening method to determine the viability of the concept. It was determined during this program...military specification for AFFF, MIL - F -24385F, was used as a screening method to determine the viability of the concept. This test has been shown

The existence of fertile hybrids of closely related model earthworm species, Eisenia andrei and E. fetida

PubMed Central

Bigaj, Janusz; Osikowski, Artur; Hofman, Sebastian; Falniowski, Andrzej; Panz, Tomasz; Grzmil, Pawel; Vandenbulcke, Franck

2018-01-01

Lumbricid earthworms Eisenia andrei (Ea) and E. fetida (Ef) are simultaneous hermaphrodites with reciprocal insemination capable of self-fertilization while the existence of hybridization of these two species was still debatable. During the present investigation fertile hybrids of Ea and Ef were detected. Virgin specimens of Ea and Ef were laboratory crossed (Ea+Ef) and their progeny was doubly identified. 1 –identified by species-specific maternally derived haploid mitochondrial DNA sequences of the COI gene being either ‘a’ for worms hatched from Ea ova or ‘f’ for worms hatched from Ef ova. 2 –identified by the diploid maternal/paternal nuclear DNA sequences of 28s rRNA gene being either ‘AA’ for Ea, ‘FF’ for Ef, or AF/FA for their hybrids derived either from the ‘aA’ or ‘fF’ ova, respectively. Among offspring of Ea+Ef pairs in F1 generation there were mainly aAA and fFF earthworms resulted from the facilitated self-fertilization and some aAF hybrids from aA ova but none fFA hybrids from fF ova. In F2 generation resulting from aAF hybrids mated with aAA a new generations of aAA and aAF hybrids were noticed, while aAF hybrids mated with fFF gave fFF and both aAF and fFA hybrids. Hybrids intercrossed together produced plenty of cocoons but no hatchlings independently whether aAF+aAF or aAF+fFA were mated. These results indicated that Ea and Ef species, easy to maintain in laboratory and commonly used as convenient models in biomedicine and ecotoxicology, may also serve in studies on molecular basis of interspecific barriers and mechanisms of introgression and speciation. Hypothetically, their asymmetrical hybridization can be modified by some external factors. PMID:29370238

14 CFR 139.311 - Marking, signs, and lighting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prevent interference with air traffic control and aircraft operations. (f) Standards. FAA Advisory... following taxiway lighting systems: (i) Centerline lights. (ii) Centerline reflectors. (iii) Edge lights...

Assessment of ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia.

PubMed

Blain, G; Meste, O; Bouchard, T; Bermon, S

2005-07-01

To test whether ventilatory thresholds, measured during an exercise test, could be assessed using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia frequency (f(RSA)). Fourteen sedentary subjects and 12 endurance athletes performed a graded and maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer: initial load 75 W (sedentary subjects) and 150 W (athletes), increments 37.5 W/2 min. f(RSA) was extracted from heart period series using an evolutive model. First (T(V1)) and second (T(V2)) ventilatory thresholds were determined from the time course curves of ventilation and ventilatory equivalents for O(2) and CO(2). f(RSA) was accurately extracted from all recordings and positively correlated to respiratory frequency (r = 0.96 (0.03), p<0.01). In 21 of the 26 subjects, two successive non-linear increases were determined in f(RSA), defining the first (T(RSA1)) and second (T(RSA2)) f(RSA) thresholds. When expressed as a function of power, T(RSA1) and T(RSA2) were not significantly different from and closely linked to T(V1) (r = 0.99, p<0.001) and T(V2) (r = 0.99, p<0.001), respectively. In the five remaining subjects, only one non-linear increase was observed close to T(V2). Significant differences (p<0.04) were found between athlete and sedentary groups when T(RSA1) and T(RSA2) were expressed in terms of absolute and relative power and percentage of maximal aerobic power. In the sedentary group, T(RSA1) and T(RSA2) were 150.3 (18.7) W and 198.3 (28.8) W, respectively, whereas in the athlete group T(RSA1) and T(RSA2) were 247.3 (32.8) W and 316.0 (28.8) W, respectively. Dynamic analysis of f(RSA) provides a useful tool for identifying ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test in sedentary subjects and athletes.

Assessment of ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia

PubMed Central

Blain, G; Meste, O; Bouchard, T; Bermon, S; Segura, R.

2005-01-01

Objective: To test whether ventilatory thresholds, measured during an exercise test, could be assessed using time varying analysis of respiratory sinus arrhythmia frequency (fRSA). Methods: Fourteen sedentary subjects and 12 endurance athletes performed a graded and maximal exercise test on a cycle ergometer: initial load 75 W (sedentary subjects) and 150 W (athletes), increments 37.5 W/2 min. fRSA was extracted from heart period series using an evolutive model. First (TV1) and second (TV2) ventilatory thresholds were determined from the time course curves of ventilation and ventilatory equivalents for O2 and CO2. Results: fRSA was accurately extracted from all recordings and positively correlated to respiratory frequency (r = 0.96 (0.03), p<0.01). In 21 of the 26 subjects, two successive non-linear increases were determined in fRSA, defining the first (TRSA1) and second (TRSA2) fRSA thresholds. When expressed as a function of power, TRSA1 and TRSA2 were not significantly different from and closely linked to TV1 (r = 0.99, p<0.001) and TV2 (r = 0.99, p<0.001), respectively. In the five remaining subjects, only one non-linear increase was observed close to TV2. Significant differences (p<0.04) were found between athlete and sedentary groups when TRSA1 and TRSA2 were expressed in terms of absolute and relative power and percentage of maximal aerobic power. In the sedentary group, TRSA1 and TRSA2 were 150.3 (18.7) W and 198.3 (28.8) W, respectively, whereas in the athlete group TRSA1 and TRSA2 were 247.3 (32.8) W and 316.0 (28.8) W, respectively. Conclusions: Dynamic analysis of fRSA provides a useful tool for identifying ventilatory thresholds during graded and maximal exercise test in sedentary subjects and athletes. PMID:15976169

Vector Fluxgate Magnetometer (VMAG) Development for DSX

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-03

AFRL-RV-HA-TR-2010-1056 Vector Fluxgate Magnetometer (VMAG) Development for DSX Mark B. Moldwin UCLA Institute of Geophysics... Fluxgate Magnetometer (VMAG) Development for DSX 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 62601F 6. AUTHOR(S) Mark B. Moldwin 5d. PROJECT...axis fluxgate magnetometer for the AFRL-mission. The instrument is designed to measure the medium-Earth orbit geomagnetic field with precision of 0.1

Joint Training for Night Air Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

1990), 3 . 32. Capt Mark Sutton , backgroundpaper on Cope Thunder (Hickam AFB, Hawaii : Headquarters PACAF, DCS/Operations, Exercise Plans Division, 2...Report, 6 . 35 . Capt Mark Sutton , Cope Thunder exercise action officer, Headquarters PACAF, Hickam AFB, Hawaii, interview with author, 26 February 1991...NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Brian W. McLean 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Research: Providing Answers for the New Millennium. Presented Papers and Paper Critiques [from the] AAAE (American Association of Agricultural Education) Central Region Agricultural Education Research Conference (55th, St. Louis, MO, February 23, 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gliem, Joe A., Ed.

This document contains the following papers: "Cognitive Abilities of Oak Harbor High School Agricultural Education Students" (Mark F. Starkey, Jamie Cano); "Development and Evaluation of Hands-on Learning Activities in Indiana High School Animal Science Classes" (Kendra Koster, Mark A. Balschweid); "Teaching Biology Using…

Molecular modeling and analysis of human and plant endo-β-N-acetyl- glucosaminidases for mutations effects on function

PubMed Central

Choragudi, Shechinah Felice; Veeramachaneni, Ganesh Kumar; Raman, BV; JS, Bondili

2014-01-01

Endo- β-N-acetylgucosaminidases (ENGases) are the enzymes that catalyze both hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions. It is of interest to study ENGases because of their ability to synthesize glycopeptides. Homology models of Human, Arabidopsis thaliana and Sorghum ENGases were developed and their active sites marked based on information available from Arthrobacter protophormiae (PDB ID: 3FHQ) ENGase. Further, these models were docked with the natural substrate GlcNAc-Asn and the inhibitor Man3GlcNAc-thiazoline. The catalytic triad of Asn, Glu and Tyr (N171, E173 and Y205 of bacteria) were found to be conserved across the phyla. The crucial Y299F mutation showing 3 times higher transglycosylation activity than in wild type Endo-A is known. The hydrolytic activity remained unchanged in bacteria, while the transglycosylation activity increased. This Y to F change is found to be naturally evolved and should be attributing higher transglycosylation rates in human and Arabidopsis thaliana ENGases. Ligand interactions Ligplots revealed the interaction of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains and polar uncharged side chain amino acids. Thus, structure based molecular model-ligand interactions provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of ENGases and assist in the rational engineering of ENGases. PMID:25258486

Molecular modeling and analysis of human and plant endo-β-N-acetyl- glucosaminidases for mutations effects on function.

PubMed

Choragudi, Shechinah Felice; Veeramachaneni, Ganesh Kumar; Raman, Bv; Js, Bondili

2014-01-01

Endo- β-N-acetylgucosaminidases (ENGases) are the enzymes that catalyze both hydrolysis and transglycosylation reactions. It is of interest to study ENGases because of their ability to synthesize glycopeptides. Homology models of Human, Arabidopsis thaliana and Sorghum ENGases were developed and their active sites marked based on information available from Arthrobacter protophormiae (PDB ID: 3FHQ) ENGase. Further, these models were docked with the natural substrate GlcNAc-Asn and the inhibitor Man3GlcNAc-thiazoline. The catalytic triad of Asn, Glu and Tyr (N171, E173 and Y205 of bacteria) were found to be conserved across the phyla. The crucial Y299F mutation showing 3 times higher transglycosylation activity than in wild type Endo-A is known. The hydrolytic activity remained unchanged in bacteria, while the transglycosylation activity increased. This Y to F change is found to be naturally evolved and should be attributing higher transglycosylation rates in human and Arabidopsis thaliana ENGases. Ligand interactions Ligplots revealed the interaction of amino acids with hydrophobic side chains and polar uncharged side chain amino acids. Thus, structure based molecular model-ligand interactions provide insights into the catalytic mechanism of ENGases and assist in the rational engineering of ENGases.

The FIREBall-2 UV sample grating efficiency at 200-208nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quiret, S.; Milliard, B.; Grange, R.; Lemaitre, G. R.; Caillat, A.; Belhadi, M.; Cotel, A.

2014-07-01

The FIREBall-2 (Faint Intergalactic Redshifted Emission Balloon-2) is a balloon-borne ultraviolet spectro-imaging mission optimized for the study of faint diffuse emission around galaxies. A key optical component of the new spectrograph design is the high throughput cost-effective holographic 2400 ℓ =mm, 110x130mm aspherized reflective grating used in the range 200 - 208nm, near 28°deviation angle. In order to anticipate the efficiency in flight conditions, we have developed a PCGrate model for the FIREBall grating calibrated on linearly polarized measurements at 12° deviation angle in the range 240-350nm of a 50x50mm replica of the same master selected for the flight grating. This model predicts an efficiency within [64:7; 64:9]+/-0:7% (S polarization) and [38:3; 45]+/-2:2% (P-polarization) for the baseline aluminum coated grating with an Al2O3 natural oxidation layer and within [63:5; 65] +/-1% (S-polarization) and [51:3; 54:8] +/-2:8% (P-polarization) for an aluminum plus a 70nm MgF2 coating, in the range 200 - 208nm and for a 28°deviation angle. The model also shows there is room for significant improvements at shorter wavelengths, of interest for future deep UV spectroscopic missions.

Atmospheric Electrical Modeling in Support of the NASA F-106 Storm Hazards Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helsdon, John H., Jr.

1988-01-01

A recently developed storm electrification model (SEM) is used to investigate the operating environment of the F-106 airplane during the NASA Storm Hazards Project. The model is 2-D, time dependent and uses a bulkwater microphysical parameterization scheme. Electric charges and fields are included, and the model is fully coupled dynamically, microphysically and electrically. One flight showed that a high electric field was developed at the aircraft's operating altitude (28 kft) and that a strong electric field would also be found below 20 kft; however, this low-altitude, high-field region was associated with the presence of small hail, posing a hazard to the aircraft. An operational procedure to increase the frequency of low-altitude lightning strikes was suggested. To further the understanding of lightning within the cloud environment, a parameterization of the lightning process was included in the SEM. It accounted for the initiation, propagation, termination, and charge redistribution associated with an intracloud discharge. Finally, a randomized lightning propagation scheme was developed, and the effects of cloud particles on the initiation of lightning investigated.

77 FR 60731 - Notice of Applications for Deregistration Under Section 8(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-04

...) 551-6810, SEC, Division of Investment Management, Office of Investment Company Regulation, 100 F... Deregistration Under Section 8(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 September 28, 2012. The following is a notice of applications for deregistration under section 8(f) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for...

(18)F-FDG uptake predicts diagnostic yield of transbronchial biopsy in peripheral lung cancer.

PubMed

Umeda, Yukihiro; Demura, Yoshiki; Anzai, Masaki; Matsuoka, Hiroki; Araya, Tomoyuki; Nishitsuji, Masaru; Nishi, Koichi; Tsuchida, Tatsuro; Sumida, Yasuyuki; Morikawa, Miwa; Ameshima, Shingo; Ishizaki, Takeshi; Kasahara, Kazuo; Ishizuka, Tamotsu

2014-07-01

Recent advances in endobronchial ultrasonography with a guide sheath (EBUS-GS) have enabled better visualization of distal airways, while virtual bronchoscopic navigation (VBN) has been shown useful as a guide to navigate the bronchoscope. However, indications for utilizing VBN and EBUS-GS are not always clear. To clarify indications for a bronchoscopic examination using VBN and EBUS-GS, we evaluated factors that predict the diagnostic yield of a transbronchial biopsy (TBB) procedure for peripheral lung cancer (PLC) lesions. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 194 patients with 201 PLC lesions (≤3cm mean diameter), and analyzed the association of diagnostic yield of TBB with [(18)F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose ((18)F-FDG) positron emission tomography and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. The diagnostic yield of TBB using VBN and EBUS-GS was 66.7%. High maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), positive bronchus sign, and ground-glass opacity component shown on CT were all significant predictors of diagnostic yield, while multivariate analysis showed only high (18)F-FDG uptake (SUVmax ≥2.8) and positive bronchus sign as significant predictors. Diagnostic yield was higher for PLC lesions with high (18)F-FDG uptake (SUVmax ≥2.8) and positive bronchus sign (84.6%) than for those with SUVmax <2.8 and negative bronchus sign (33.3%). High (18)F-FDG uptake was also correlated with tumor invasiveness. High (18)F-FDG uptake predicted the diagnostic yield of TBB using VBN and EBUS-GS for PLC lesions. (18)F-FDG uptake and bronchus sign may indicate for the accurate application of bronchoscopy with those modalities for diagnosing PLC. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Language of the Liberal Consensus: John F. Kennedy, Technical Reason, and the "New Economics" at Yale University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, John W.

2004-01-01

On June 11, 1962, President John F. Kennedy addressed the economy at Yale University. This essay explains the symbolic charge of his economic rhetoric, a persuasive campaign that enjoyed considerable success and marked the first time that a president took explicit responsibility for the nation's economic performance. I argue that the president…

The Three F's in Place of the Three R's (An Essay on the Motivational Problems of Adult Literacy)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gugnani, H. R.

1975-01-01

There is a marked shift of emphasis from the traditional 3-R's concept of literacy to the new 3-F's Program of functional literacy, food production, and family planning. These experiences evidently establish that "built-in" motivation (economic, social, cultural, or religious) is perhaps the only answer to any literacy training program.…

Supraclavicular skin temperature as a measure of 18F-FDG uptake by BAT in human subjects.

PubMed

Boon, Mariëtte R; Bakker, Leontine E H; van der Linden, Rianne A D; Pereira Arias-Bouda, Lenka; Smit, Frits; Verberne, Hein J; van Marken Lichtenbelt, Wouter D; Jazet, Ingrid M; Rensen, Patrick C N

2014-01-01

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) has emerged as a novel player in energy homeostasis in humans and is considered a potential new target for combating obesity and related diseases. The current 'gold standard' for quantification of BAT volume and activity is cold-induced 18F-FDG uptake in BAT. However, use of this technique is limited by cost and radiation exposure. Given the fact that BAT is a thermogenic tissue, mainly located in the supraclavicular region, the aim of the current study was to investigate whether cold-induced supraclavicular skin temperature and core body temperature may be alternative markers of BAT activation in humans. BAT volume and activity were measured in 24 healthy lean adolescent males (mean age 24.1±0.8 years), using cold-induced 18F-FDG uptake with PET-CT. Core body temperature was measured continuously in the small intestine with use of an ingestible telemetric capsule and skin temperature was measured by eighteen wireless iButtons attached to the skin following ISO-defined locations. Proximal and distal (hand/feet) skin temperatures markedly decreased upon cold exposure, while supraclavicular skin temperature significantly increased (35.2±0.1 vs. 35.5±0.1°C, p = 0.001). Furthermore, cold-induced supraclavicular skin temperature positively correlated with both total (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.010) and clavicular BAT volume (R2 = 0.20, P = 0.030) and clavicular SUVmax (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.010), while core body temperature did not. Supraclavicular skin temperature as measured by iButtons may have predictive value for BAT detection in adult humans. This is highly desirable considering the increasing interest in pharmacological interventions to stimulate BAT in human subjects. NTR 2473.

Accelerated curing and strength-modulus correlation for lime-stabilized soils : final report, January 2010.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2010-01-01

This study sought to identify the equivalent 105F curing duration for lime-stabilized soil (LSS) that will : yield the equivalent unconfined compressive strength (UCS) to that resulting from 28-day, 73F curing. Both : 5-day and 7-day 105F (or 1...

Role of initial state and final quench temperature on aging properties in phase-ordering kinetics.

PubMed

Corberi, Federico; Villavicencio-Sanchez, Rodrigo

2016-05-01

We study numerically the two-dimensional Ising model with nonconserved dynamics quenched from an initial equilibrium state at the temperature T_{i}≥T_{c} to a final temperature T_{f} below the critical one. By considering processes initiating both from a disordered state at infinite temperature T_{i}=∞ and from the critical configurations at T_{i}=T_{c} and spanning the range of final temperatures T_{f}∈[0,T_{c}[ we elucidate the role played by T_{i} and T_{f} on the aging properties and, in particular, on the behavior of the autocorrelation C and of the integrated response function χ. Our results show that for any choice of T_{f}, while the autocorrelation function exponent λ_{C} takes a markedly different value for T_{i}=∞ [λ_{C}(T_{i}=∞)≃5/4] or T_{i}=T_{c} [λ_{C}(T_{i}=T_{c})≃1/8] the response function exponents are unchanged. Supported by the outcome of the analytical solution of the solvable spherical model we interpret this fact as due to the different contributions provided to autocorrelation and response by the large-scale properties of the system. As changing T_{f} is considered, although this is expected to play no role in the large-scale and long-time properties of the system, we show important effects on the quantitative behavior of χ. In particular, data for quenches to T_{f}=0 are consistent with a value of the response function exponent λ_{χ}=1/2λ_{C}(T_{i}=∞)=5/8 different from the one [λ_{χ}∈(0.5-0.56)] found in a wealth of previous numerical determinations in quenches to finite final temperatures. This is interpreted as due to important preasymptotic corrections associated to T_{f}>0.

Israel’s Attack on Osiraq: A Model for Future Preventive Strikes?

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

destroying Israel. July 28, 1980 Israeli Foreign Minister Yitzhak Shamir met with French Ambassador to Israel, Jean-Pierre Chauvet . Shamir told Chauvet ... Chauvet argued, “Acquisition of nuclear arms would be lunacy on the part of Iraq. After all, Israel’s Jewish and Arab populations are intermingled, and... caved in and a destroyed cooling pool.57 However, Perlmutter claims a specially equipped F-15 flew by the reactor after the bombing on a special

Space Shuttle Projects

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-07-24

Five astronauts composed the STS-28 crew. Seated from left to right are Richard N. (Dick) Richards, pilot; Brewster H. Shaw, commander; and David C. Leestma, mission specialist 2. Standing, from left to right , are Mark N. Brown, mission specialist 3; and James C. (Jim) Adamson, mission specialist 1. Launched aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia on August 8, 1989, the STS-28 mission was the 4th mission dedicated to the Department of Defense.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, crewmembers pose for group portrait on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-22-030 (August 1989) --- An in-space crew portrait of the astronauts for the STS-28 mission. Brewster H. Shaw Jr., mission commander, is at lower left corner. Others are, clockwise from Shaw's position, James C. Adamson, David C. Leestma and Mark N. Brown, all mission specialists; and Richard N. Richards, pilot. The photo was taken on the middeck of the earth-orbiting Columbia.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, MS Brown uses ARRIFLEX camera on aft flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-13

STS028-17-033 (August 1989) --- Astronaut Mark N. Brown, STS-28 mission specialist, pauses from a session of motion-picture photography conducted through one of the aft windows on the flight deck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Columbia. He is using an Arriflex camera. The horizon of the blue and white appearing Earth and its airglow are visible in the background.

STS-28 Columbia, OV-102, crewmembers leave KSC O&C Bldg en route to LC Pad 39

NASA Image and Video Library

1989-08-08

STS028-S-002 (8 Aug 1989) --- The five astronaut crewmembers for STS-28 leave the Operations and Checkout (O&C) Building to board a transfer van en route to Launch Complex 39 for a date with Columbia. Left to right are Astronauts Mark N. Brown, James C. Adamson, David C. Leestma, Richard N. Richards and Brewster H. Shaw Jr.

Analysing pseudoephedrine/methamphetamine policy options in Australia using multi-criteria decision modelling.

PubMed

Manning, Matthew; Wong, Gabriel T W; Ransley, Janet; Smith, Christine

2016-06-01

In this paper we capture and synthesize the unique knowledge of experts so that choices regarding policy measures to address methamphetamine consumption and dependency in Australia can be strengthened. We examine perceptions of the: (1) influence of underlying factors that impact on the methamphetamine problem; (2) importance of various models of intervention that have the potential to affect the success of policies; and (3) efficacy of alternative pseudoephedrine policy options. We adopt a multi-criteria decision model to unpack factors that affect decisions made by experts and examine potential variations on weight/preference among groups. Seventy experts from five groups (i.e. academia (18.6%), government and policy (27.1%), health (18.6%), pharmaceutical (17.1%) and police (18.6%)) in Australia participated in the survey. Social characteristics are considered the most important underlying factor, prevention the most effective strategy and Project STOP the most preferred policy option with respect to reducing methamphetamine consumption and dependency in Australia. One-way repeated ANOVAs indicate a statistically significant difference with regards to the influence of underlying factors (F(2.3, 144.5)=11.256, p<.001), effectiveness of interventions (F(2.4, 153.1)=28.738, p<.001) and policy options (F(2.8, 175.5)=70.854, p<.001). A majority of respondents believed that genetic, biological, emotional, cognitive and social factors are the most influential explanatory variables in terms of methamphetamine consumption and dependency. Most experts support the use of preventative mechanisms to inhibit drug initiation and delayed drug uptake. Compared to other policies, Project STOP (which aims to disrupt the initial diversion of pseudoephedrine) appears to be a more preferable preventative mechanism to control the production and subsequent sale and use of methamphetamine. This regulatory civil law lever engages third parties in controlling drug-related crime. The literature supports third-party partnerships as it engages experts who have knowledge and expertise with respect to prevention and harm minimization. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bibliography on Cold Regions Science and Technology. Volume 34, Part 1 and Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

Remote sensing ol the terrestrial environ- ment, edited by R F, Peel ct al. Symposium of the Colston Research Society, 28th. Lniversily of Bristol...edited by R,F, Peel et al. Symposium of the Colston Research Society. 28th. University of Bristol. Apr, 5th to 9th. 1976, Proceedings. London. Butter...be effective in decrepsing the friction factor when it remains intact: when it peels off. it appears to make conditions worse than plain paint. An

Harmonic Power Generation of IMPATT Diodes.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

Performance of Si and GaAs Diodes Taking into Account the Thermal Effect (f = 23 GHz). 136 2.8 CW Results for Second-Harmonic Performance of the Si Uniform...Diode Obtained by Matching l-. Resistance (f = 23 GHz). 138 2.9 CW Results for Second-Harmonic Performance of the Si Uniform Diode Taking into Account ...at V = 28 V, V = 8 V, and Jdc = kA/cm 3. 1 3 181 2.21 Power Output for pin Diode . Taking into Account Circuit Matching Only. 194 2.22 CW Power

Investigation of diode-pumped 2.8- mu m laser performance in Er:BaY2F8

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pollnau, M.; Lüthy, W.; Weber, H. P.; Jensen, T.; Huber, G.; Cassanho, A.; Jenssen, H. P.; McFarlane, R. A.

1996-01-01

Laser operation at 2.8 mu m in BaY2F 8 with erbium concentrations of 7.5% and 20% is investigated under laser-diode pumping at 967 nm. Output powers as high as 250 mW and slope efficiencies as high as 24% are obtained. Results are comparable with those of Er3+ : LiYF4 under the same pump conditions. Slope efficiencies above 30% are predicted for optimized erbium concentrations.