Automated visual imaging interface for the plant floor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wutke, John R.

1991-03-01

The paper will provide an overview of the challenges facing a user of automated visual imaging (" AVI" ) machines and the philosophies that should be employed in designing them. As manufacturing tools and equipment become more sophisticated it is increasingly difficult to maintain an efficient interaction between the operator and machine. The typical user of an AVI machine in a production environment is technically unsophisticated. Also operator and machine ergonomics are often a neglected or poorly addressed part of an efficient manufacturing process. This paper presents a number of man-machine interface design techniques and philosophies that effectively solve these problems.

Safety and pharmacokinetic profiles of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with activity against ebola virus and marburg virus: results of two single-ascending-dose studies.

PubMed

Heald, Alison E; Iversen, Patrick L; Saoud, Jay B; Sazani, Peter; Charleston, Jay S; Axtelle, Tim; Wong, Michael; Smith, William B; Vutikullird, Apinya; Kaye, Edward

2014-11-01

Two identical single-ascending-dose studies evaluated the safety and pharmacokinetics (PK) of AVI-6002 and AVI-6003, two experimental combinations of phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomers with positive charges (PMOplus) that target viral mRNA encoding Ebola virus and Marburg virus proteins, respectively. Both AVI-6002 and AVI-6003 were found to suppress disease in virus-infected nonhuman primates in previous studies. AVI-6002 (a combination of AVI-7537 and AVI-7539) or AVI-6003 (a combination of AVI-7287 and AVI-7288) were administered as sequential intravenous (i.v.) infusions of a 1:1 fixed dose ratio of the two subcomponents. In each study, 30 healthy male and female subjects between 18 and 50 years of age were enrolled in six-dose escalation cohorts of five subjects each and received a single i.v. infusion of active study drug (0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 mg/kg per component) or placebo in a 4:1 ratio. Both AVI-6002 and AVI-6003 were safe and well tolerated at the doses studied. A maximum tolerated dose was not observed in either study. The four chemically similar PMOplus components exhibited generally similar PK profiles. The mean peak plasma concentration and area under the concentration-time curve values of the four components exhibited dose-proportional PK. The estimated plasma half-life of all four components was 2 to 5 h. The safety of the two combinations and the PK of the four components were similar, regardless of the target RNA sequence. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

A comparison of techniques to assess cervicovaginal irritation and evaluation of the variability between two observers.

PubMed

Ballagh, Susan A; Mauck, Christine K; Henry, Deborah; Archer, David F; Abercrombie, Theresa; Callahan, Marianne M; Gabelnick, Henry L

2004-09-01

Colposcopy is used to evaluate effects of new vaginal products on cervicovaginal epithelium as part of the US Food and Drug Administration-mandated product approval process, yet few aspects of its use have been investigated. To determine the effect of the colposcopic examination itself on the number and type of findings seen, to compare colposcopy with the AviScope hand-held device and the naked eye and to compare the findings reported by two examiners during a single visit. Fourteen healthy women volunteered for five paired examinations in random order: (1) naked eye inspection plus colposcopy done twice by a single examiner; (2) naked eye inspection plus AviScope examination, then naked eye inspection plus colposcopy by a single examiner; (3) Examination 2 repeated with the order of device reversed; (4) naked eye inspection plus colposcopy done by two examiners; (5) Examination 4 repeated with the order of examiner reversed. The colposcopic examinations were done per published standards but were limited to the areas visible without manipulation of the speculum. Length of colposcopic examination averaged 7 min. The number of colposcopic findings found when the examination was done twice by the same clinician was not statistically different (p = 0.12), suggesting that the examination itself did not induce findings. More findings were seen using magnification than naked eye. A similar number of findings were seen by AviScope compared to the colposcope (p = 0.99), but clinically significant findings were "undercalled" or "overcalled" by the AviScope. A weighted kappa score of the "worst" colposcopic finding was 0.32 (SE 0.10, p = 0.00), indicating moderate agreement between examiners. The colposcopic examination is not burdensome nor does it induce findings. If naked eye observation were used alone in practice, these data suggest that half the colposcopically detected findings would be missed. Using the naked eye observation for screening would minimally reduce the number of magnified observations carried out. For detecting epithelial changes, the colposcope seems to be the most sensitive technique, followed by the AviScope.

75 FR 51180 - Safety Zone; AVI September Fireworks Display, Laughlin, Nevada, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-19

...-AA00 Safety Zone; AVI September Fireworks Display, Laughlin, Nevada, NV AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of the lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort... Zone; AVI September Fireworks Display; Laughlin, Nevada, NV in the Federal Register (75 FR 23206). We...

The formation of Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions in Arabidopsis thaliana and implications for the sequestration of anthocyanin pigments.

PubMed

Pourcel, Lucille; Irani, Niloufer G; Lu, Yuhua; Riedl, Ken; Schwartz, Steve; Grotewold, Erich

2010-01-01

Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments that accumulate in the large central vacuole of most plants. Inside the vacuole, anthocyanins can be found uniformly distributed or as part of sub-vacuolar pigment bodies, the Anthocyanic Vacuolar Inclusions (AVIs). Using Arabidopsis seedlings grown under anthocyanin-inductive conditions as a model to understand how AVIs are formed, we show here that the accumulation of AVIs strongly correlates with the formation of cyanidin 3-glucoside (C3G) and derivatives. Arabidopsis mutants that fail to glycosylate anthocyanidins at the 5-O position (5gt mutant) accumulate AVIs in almost every epidermal cell of the cotyledons, as compared to wild-type seedlings, where only a small fraction of the cells show AVIs. A similar phenomenon is observed when seedlings are treated with vanadate. Highlighting a role for autophagy in the formation of the AVIs, we show that various mutants that interfere with the autophagic process (atg mutants) display lower numbers of AVIs, in addition to a reduced accumulation of anthocyanins. Interestingly, vanadate increases the numbers of AVIs in the atg mutants, suggesting that several pathways might participate in AVI formation. Taken together, our results suggest novel mechanisms for the formation of sub-vacuolar compartments capable of accumulating anthocyanin pigments.

The role of repeating optimization of atrioventricular interval during interim and long-term follow-up after cardiac resynchronization therapy.

PubMed

Zhang, Qing; Fung, Jeffrey Wing-Hong; Chan, Yat-Sun; Chan, Hamish Chi-Kin; Lin, Hong; Chan, Skiva; Yu, Cheuk-Man

2008-02-29

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an effective therapy for heart failure patients with electromechanical delay. Optimization of atrioventricular interval (AVI) is a cardinal component for the benefits. However, it is unknown if the AVI needs to be re-optimized during long-term follow-up. Thirty-one patients (66+/-11 years, 20 males) with sinus rhythm who received CRT underwent serial optimization of AVI at day 1, 3-month and during long-term follow-up by pulse Doppler echocardiography (PDE). At long-term follow-up, the optimal AVI and cardiac output (CO) estimated by non-invasive impedance cardiography (ICG) were compared with those by PDE. The follow-up was 16+/-11 months. There was no significant difference in the mean optimal AVI when compared between any 2 time points among day 1 (99+/-30 ms), 3-month (97+/-28 ms) and long-term follow-up (94+/-28 ms). However, in individual patient, the optimal AVI remained unchanged only in 14 patients (44%), and was shortened in 12 (38%) and lengthened in 6 patients (18%). During long-term follow-up, although the mean optimal AVIs obtained by PDE or ICG (94+/-28 vs. 92+/-29 ms) were not different, a discrepancy was found in 14 patients (45%). For the same AVI, the CO measured by ICG was systematically higher than that by PDE (3.5+/-0.8 Vs. 2.7+/-0.6 L/min, p<0.001). Optimization of AVI after CRT appears necessary during follow-up as it was readjusted in 55% of patients. Although AVI optimization by ICG was feasible, further studies are needed to confirm its role in optimizing AVI after CRT.

Cloning of an avilamycin biosynthetic gene cluster from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57.

PubMed Central

Gaisser, S; Trefzer, A; Stockert, S; Kirschning, A; Bechthold, A

1997-01-01

A 65-kb region of DNA from Streptomyces viridochromogenes Tü57, containing genes encoding proteins involved in the biosynthesis of avilamycins, was isolated. The DNA sequence of a 6.4-kb fragment from this region revealed four open reading frames (ORF1 to ORF4), three of which are fully contained within the sequenced fragment. The deduced amino acid sequence of AviM, encoded by ORF2, shows 37% identity to a 6-methylsalicylic acid synthase from Penicillium patulum. Cultures of S. lividans TK24 and S. coelicolor CH999 containing plasmids with ORF2 on a 5.5-kb PstI fragment were able to produce orsellinic acid, an unreduced version of 6-methylsalicylic acid. The amino acid sequence encoded by ORF3 (AviD) is 62% identical to that of StrD, a dTDP-glucose synthase from S. griseus. The deduced amino acid sequence of AviE, encoded by ORF4, shows 55% identity to a dTDP-glucose dehydratase (StrE) from S. griseus. Gene insertional inactivation experiments of aviE abolished avilamycin production, indicating the involvement of aviE in the biosynthesis of avilamycins. PMID:9335272

Genotype-Specific Regulation of Oral Innate Immunity by T2R38 Taste Receptor

PubMed Central

Gil, Sucheol; Coldwell, Susan; Drury, Jeanie L.; Arroyo, Fabiola; Phi, Tran; Saadat, Sanaz; Kwong, Danny; Chung, Whasun Oh

2015-01-01

The bitter taste receptor T2R38 has been shown to regulate mucosal innate immune responses in the upper airway epithelium. Furthermore, SNPs in T2R38 influence the sensitivity to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) and are associated with caries risk/protection. However, no study has been reported on the role of T2R38 in the innate immune responses to oral bacteria. We hypothesize that T2R38 regulates oral innate immunity and that this regulation is genotype-specific. Primary gingival epithelial cells carrying three common genotypes, PAV/PAV (PROP super-taster), AVI/PAV (intermediate) and AVI/AVI (non-taster) were stimulated with cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans, periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis or non-pathogen Fusobacterium nucleatum. QRT-PCR analyzed T2R38 mRNA, and T2R38-specific siRNA and ELISA were utilized to evaluate induction of hBD-2 (antimicrobial peptide), IL-1α and IL-8 in various donor-lines. Experiments were set up in duplicate and repeated three times. T2R38 mRNA induction in response to S. mutans was highest in PAV/PAV (4.3-fold above the unstimulated controls; p<0.05), while lowest in AVI/AVI (1.2-fold). In PAV/PAV, hBD-2 secretion in response to S. mutans was decreased by 77% when T2R38 was silenced. IL-1α secretion was higher in PAV/PAV compared to AVI/PAV or AVI/AVI with S. mutans stimulation, but it was reduced by half when T2R38 was silenced (p<0.05). In response to P. gingivalis, AVI/AVI showed 4.4-fold increase (p<0.05) in T2R38 expression, whereas the levels in PAV/PAV and AVI/PAV remained close to that of the controls. Secretion levels of IL-1α and IL-8 decreased in AVI/AVI in response to P. gingivalis when T2R38 was silenced (p<0.05), while the changes were not significant in PAV/PAV. Our data suggest that the regulation of gingival innate immunity by T2R38 is genotype-dependent and that the ability to induce a high level of hBD-2 by PAV/PAV carriers may be a reason for protection against caries in this group. PMID:26552761

In-hospital outcome of transcatheter vs. surgical aortic valve replacement in patients with aortic valve stenosis: complete dataset of patients treated in 2013 in Germany.

PubMed

Möllmann, Helge; Bestehorn, Kurt; Bestehorn, Maike; Papoutsis, Konstantinos; Fleck, Eckart; Ertl, Georg; Kuck, Karl-Heinz; Hamm, Christian

2016-06-01

Transvascular (TV-AVI) or transapical (TA-AVI) aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a treatment option for patients with aortic stenosis being at high or prohibitive risk for surgical aortic valve implantation (SAVR). Randomized data demonstrated that these subgroups can safely been treated with TAVI. However, a comparison of SAVR and TAVI in intermediate and low-risk patients is missing. Therefore, the aim of the analysis was to compare TAVI and SAVR in all patients who were treated for aortic valve stenosis in Germany throughout 1 year. The mandatory quality assurance collects data on the in-hospital outcome from all patients (n = 20,340) undergoing either SAVR or TAVI in Germany. In order to compare the different treatment approaches patients were categorized into four risk groups using the logistic EuroScore I (ES). In-hospital mortality and peri- and postprocedural complications were analyzed. The in-hospital mortality did not differ between TV-AVI and SAVR in the low risk group (ES <10 %: TV-AVI 2.4 %, SAVR 2.0 %, p = 0.302) and was significantly higher for SAVR in all other risk groups (ES 10-20 %: TV-AVI 3.5 %, SAVR 5.3 %; p = 0.025; ES 20-30 %: TV-AVI 5.5 %, SAVR 12.2 %, p < 0.001; ES >30 %: TV-AVI 6.5 %, SAVR 12.9 %, p = 0.008). TA-AVI had a significantly higher mortality in all risk groups compared to TV-AVI. In comparison to SAVR, TA-AVI had a higher mortality in patients with ES <10, comparable mortality in ES 10-20 %, and lower mortality in patients with an ES >20 %. The overall stroke rate was 2.3 %. It occurred more frequently in patients with an ES <10 % treated with a transapical approach (SAVR 1.8 %, TV-AVI 1.9 %, TA-AVI 3.1 %, p < 0.01). There were no statistically significant differences in all other comparisons. This study demonstrates that TAVI provides excellent outcomes in all risk categories. Compared with SAVR, TV-TAVI yields similar in-hospital mortality among low-risk patients and lower in-hospital mortality among intermediate and high-risk patient populations.

Successful use of a left ventricular apical access and closure device for second-generation transapical aortic valve implantation.

PubMed

Conradi, Lenard; Seiffert, Moritz; Shimamura, Kazuo; Schirmer, Johannes; Blankenberg, Stefan; Reichenspurner, Hermann; Diemert, Patrick; Treede, Hendrik

2014-09-01

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has become routine for the treatment of high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. We assessed safety and feasibility of a left ventricular apical access and closure device combined with second-generation transapical (TA) TAVI transcatheter heart valves (THV). Three elderly, comorbid patients (logEuroSCORE I 13.0-31.1%) received transapical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) via the Apica ASC device (Apica Cardiovascular Ltd., Galway, Ireland) using second-generation THV (Medtronic Engager [Medtronic 3F Therapeutics, Santa Ana, California, United States], JenaValve [JenaValve Technology GmbH, Munich, Germany], Symetis Acurate [Symetis S.A., Ecublens, Switzerland]). Access was gained using a non-rib-spreading technique and a novel access and closure device. THV deployment was successful with excellent hemodynamic outcome (no PVL, n = 2; trace PVL, n = 1; mean transvalvular gradients, 5-19 mm Hg) and complete apical hemostasis. No periprocedural major adverse events occurred and Valve Academic Research Consortium-2-defined composite end point of device success was met in all cases. Safety and feasibility of TA-AVI using the ASC device with second-generation THV was demonstrated. Combining latest available technology is a major step toward improved functional outcome and decreased surgical trauma in TA-AVI. Potentially, technical enhancements may eventually pave the way toward a fully percutaneous TA-AVI procedure. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Complications of the access during aortic valve implantation through transfemoral access.

PubMed

Alsac, Jean-Marc; Zegdi, Rachid; Blanchard, Didier; Achouh, Paul; Cholley, Bernard; Berrebi, Alain; Julia, Pierre; Fabiani, Jean-Noël

2011-08-01

Aortic valve implantation (AVI) is a booming therapeutic option in high-risk patients with calcific aortic stenosis. Retrograde femoral approach drawbacks include vascular complications owing to the size of the introduction system (22- and 24-F).The aim of this study was to retrospectively analyze the incidence and the treatment of vascular complications in the first 2 years of transfemoral AVI experience with the first generation of Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valves. Since December 2007, AVI has been performed in 71 patients, 21 times by the transapical route and 50 times by the transfemoral route through an inguinal approach with the first generation of Edwards SAPIEN transcatheter heart valves (23 and 26 mm). The incidence and the treatment of vascular complications were evaluated as main criteria for transfemoral AVI. All the procedures could be successfully performed by a femoral route, except for three cases when the introducing device could not be fixed on the thoracic aorta because of vascular access problems. Vascular access-related complications occurred in nine patients (18%), including three iliac dissections, two aortic dissections, three femoral lesions, and one thoracic aorta rupture. These complications were treated either in a conservative way (n = 2), or in an endovascular way using a contralateral approach (n = 3), or surgically through an inguinal approach (n = 3). A traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta resulted in the death of a female patient. In our experience, transfemoral AVI gives a satisfying technical success rate in the selected patients. The incidence of complications involving the vascular access remains an important limitation of this new technique. Although a conservative or endovascular treatment can be applied in most cases, improving the introduction devices is highly expected because it would reduce the complications rate of vascular access. Copyright © 2011 Annals of Vascular Surgery Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Exploring the Landscape of Diazabicyclooctane (DBO) Inhibition: Avibactam Inactivation of PER-2 β-Lactamase.

PubMed

Ruggiero, Melina; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M; Taracila, Magdalena A; Mojica, Maria F; Bethel, Christopher R; Rudin, Susan D; Zeiser, Elise T; Gutkind, Gabriel; Bonomo, Robert A; Power, Pablo

2017-06-01

PER β-lactamases are an emerging family of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) found in Gram-negative bacteria. PER β-lactamases are unique among class A enzymes as they possess an inverted omega (Ω) loop and extended B3 β-strand. These singular structural features are hypothesized to contribute to their hydrolytic profile against oxyimino-cephalosporins (e.g., cefotaxime and ceftazidime). Here, we tested the ability of avibactam (AVI), a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor to inactivate PER-2. Interestingly, the PER-2 inhibition constants (i.e., k 2 / K = 2 × 10 3 ± 0.1 × 10 3 M -1 s -1 , where k 2 is the rate constant for acylation (carbamylation) and K is the equilibrium constant) that were obtained when AVI was tested were reminiscent of values observed testing the inhibition by AVI of class C and D β-lactamases (i.e., k 2 / K range of ≈10 3 M -1 s -1 ) and not class A β-lactamases (i.e., k 2 / K range, 10 4 to 10 5 M -1 s -1 ). Once AVI was bound, a stable complex with PER-2 was observed via mass spectrometry (e.g., 31,389 ± 3 atomic mass units [amu] → 31,604 ± 3 amu for 24 h). Molecular modeling of PER-2 with AVI showed that the carbonyl of AVI was located in the oxyanion hole of the β-lactamase and that the sulfate of AVI formed interactions with the β-lactam carboxylate binding site of the PER-2 β-lactamase (R220 and T237). However, hydrophobic patches near the PER-2 active site (by Ser70 and B3-B4 β-strands) were observed and may affect the binding of necessary catalytic water molecules, thus slowing acylation ( k 2 / K ) of AVI onto PER-2. Similar electrostatics and hydrophobicity of the active site were also observed between OXA-48 and PER-2, while CTX-M-15 was more hydrophilic. To demonstrate the ability of AVI to overcome the enhanced cephalosporinase activity of PER-2 β-lactamase, we tested different β-lactam-AVI combinations. By lowering MICs to ≤2 mg/liter, the ceftaroline-AVI combination could represent a favorable therapeutic option against Enterobacteriaceae expressing bla PER-2 Our studies define the inactivation of the PER-2 ESBL by AVI and suggest that the biophysical properties of the active site contribute to determining the efficiency of inactivation. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

Exploring the Landscape of Diazabicyclooctane (DBO) Inhibition: Avibactam Inactivation of PER-2 β-Lactamase

PubMed Central

Ruggiero, Melina; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M.; Taracila, Magdalena A.; Mojica, Maria F.; Bethel, Christopher R.; Rudin, Susan D.; Zeiser, Elise T.; Gutkind, Gabriel

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT PER β-lactamases are an emerging family of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL) found in Gram-negative bacteria. PER β-lactamases are unique among class A enzymes as they possess an inverted omega (Ω) loop and extended B3 β-strand. These singular structural features are hypothesized to contribute to their hydrolytic profile against oxyimino-cephalosporins (e.g., cefotaxime and ceftazidime). Here, we tested the ability of avibactam (AVI), a novel non-β-lactam β-lactamase inhibitor to inactivate PER-2. Interestingly, the PER-2 inhibition constants (i.e., k2/K = 2 × 103 ± 0.1 × 103 M−1 s−1, where k2 is the rate constant for acylation (carbamylation) and K is the equilibrium constant) that were obtained when AVI was tested were reminiscent of values observed testing the inhibition by AVI of class C and D β-lactamases (i.e., k2/K range of ≈103 M−1 s−1) and not class A β-lactamases (i.e., k2/K range, 104 to 105 M−1 s−1). Once AVI was bound, a stable complex with PER-2 was observed via mass spectrometry (e.g., 31,389 ± 3 atomic mass units [amu] → 31,604 ± 3 amu for 24 h). Molecular modeling of PER-2 with AVI showed that the carbonyl of AVI was located in the oxyanion hole of the β-lactamase and that the sulfate of AVI formed interactions with the β-lactam carboxylate binding site of the PER-2 β-lactamase (R220 and T237). However, hydrophobic patches near the PER-2 active site (by Ser70 and B3-B4 β-strands) were observed and may affect the binding of necessary catalytic water molecules, thus slowing acylation (k2/K) of AVI onto PER-2. Similar electrostatics and hydrophobicity of the active site were also observed between OXA-48 and PER-2, while CTX-M-15 was more hydrophilic. To demonstrate the ability of AVI to overcome the enhanced cephalosporinase activity of PER-2 β-lactamase, we tested different β-lactam–AVI combinations. By lowering MICs to ≤2 mg/liter, the ceftaroline-AVI combination could represent a favorable therapeutic option against Enterobacteriaceae expressing blaPER-2. Our studies define the inactivation of the PER-2 ESBL by AVI and suggest that the biophysical properties of the active site contribute to determining the efficiency of inactivation. PMID:28348157

The effect of auditory verbal imagery on signal detection in hallucination-prone individuals

PubMed Central

Moseley, Peter; Smailes, David; Ellison, Amanda; Fernyhough, Charles

2016-01-01

Cognitive models have suggested that auditory hallucinations occur when internal mental events, such as inner speech or auditory verbal imagery (AVI), are misattributed to an external source. This has been supported by numerous studies indicating that individuals who experience hallucinations tend to perform in a biased manner on tasks that require them to distinguish self-generated from non-self-generated perceptions. However, these tasks have typically been of limited relevance to inner speech models of hallucinations, because they have not manipulated the AVI that participants used during the task. Here, a new paradigm was employed to investigate the interaction between imagery and perception, in which a healthy, non-clinical sample of participants were instructed to use AVI whilst completing an auditory signal detection task. It was hypothesized that AVI-usage would cause participants to perform in a biased manner, therefore falsely detecting more voices in bursts of noise. In Experiment 1, when cued to generate AVI, highly hallucination-prone participants showed a lower response bias than when performing a standard signal detection task, being more willing to report the presence of a voice in the noise. Participants not prone to hallucinations performed no differently between the two conditions. In Experiment 2, participants were not specifically instructed to use AVI, but retrospectively reported how often they engaged in AVI during the task. Highly hallucination-prone participants who retrospectively reported using imagery showed a lower response bias than did participants with lower proneness who also reported using AVI. Results are discussed in relation to prominent inner speech models of hallucinations. PMID:26435050

Isolation of amylolytic, xylanolytic, and cellulolytic microorganisms extracted from the gut of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis by means of a micro-aerobic atmosphere.

PubMed

Tarayre, Cédric; Brognaux, Alison; Bauwens, Julien; Brasseur, Catherine; Mattéotti, Christel; Millet, Catherine; Destain, Jacqueline; Vandenbol, Micheline; Portetelle, Daniel; De Pauw, Edwin; Eric, Haubruge; Francis, Frédéric; Thonart, Philippe

2014-05-01

The aim of this work was to isolate enzyme-producing microorganisms from the tract of the termite Reticulitermes santonensis. The microorganisms were extracted from the guts and anaerobic (CO₂ or CO₂/H₂) and micro-aerobic atmospheres were used to stimulate growth. Three different strategies were tried out. First, the sample was spread on Petri dishes containing solid media with carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose or cellobiose. This technique allowed us to isolate two bacteria: Streptomyces sp. strain ABGxAviA1 and Pseudomonas sp. strain ABGxCellA. The second strategy consisted in inoculating a specific liquid medium containing carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or cellobiose. The samples were then spread on Petri dishes with the same specific medium containing carboxymethylcellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, or cellobiose. This led to the isolation of the mold Aspergillus sp. strain ABGxAviA2. Finally, the third strategy consisted in heating the first culture and spreading samples on agar plates containing rich medium. This led to the isolation of the bacterium Bacillus subtilis strain ABGx. All those steps were achieved in controlled atmospheres. The four enzyme-producing strains which were isolated were obtained by using a micro-aerobic atmosphere. Later, enzymatic assays were performed on the four strains. Streptomyces sp. strain ABGxAviA1 was found to produce only amylase, while Pseudomonas sp. strain ABGxCellA was found to produce β-glucosidase as well. Aspergillus sp. strain ABGxAviA2 showed β-glucosidase, amylase, cellulase, and xylanase activities. Finally, B. subtilis strain ABGx produced xylanase and amylase.

Local restoration of dystrophin expression with the morpholino oligomer AVI-4658 in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: a single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation, proof-of-concept study

PubMed Central

Kinali, Maria; Arechavala-Gomeza, Virginia; Feng, Lucy; Cirak, Sebahattin; Hunt, David; Adkin, Carl; Guglieri, Michela; Ashton, Emma; Abbs, Stephen; Nihoyannopoulos, Petros; Garralda, Maria Elena; Rutherford, Mary; Mcculley, Caroline; Popplewell, Linda; Graham, Ian R; Dickson, George; Wood, Matthew JA; Wells, Dominic J; Wilton, Steve D; Kole, Ryszard; Straub, Volker; Bushby, Kate; Sewry, Caroline; Morgan, Jennifer E; Muntoni, Francesco

2009-01-01

Summary Background Mutations that disrupt the open reading frame and prevent full translation of DMD, the gene that encodes dystrophin, underlie the fatal X-linked disease Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Oligonucleotides targeted to splicing elements (splice switching oligonucleotides) in DMD pre-mRNA can lead to exon skipping, restoration of the open reading frame, and the production of functional dystrophin in vitro and in vivo, which could benefit patients with this disorder. Methods We did a single-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation study in patients with DMD recruited nationally, to assess the safety and biochemical efficacy of an intramuscular morpholino splice-switching oligonucleotide (AVI-4658) that skips exon 51 in dystrophin mRNA. Seven patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy with deletions in the open reading frame of DMD that are responsive to exon 51 skipping were selected on the basis of the preservation of their extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle seen on MRI and the response of cultured fibroblasts from a skin biopsy to AVI-4658. AVI-4658 was injected into the EDB muscle; the contralateral muscle received saline. Muscles were biopsied between 3 and 4 weeks after injection. The primary endpoint was the safety of AVI-4658 and the secondary endpoint was its biochemical efficacy. This trial is registered, number NCT00159250. Findings Two patients received 0·09 mg AVI-4658 in 900 μL (0·9%) saline and five patients received 0·9 mg AVI-4658 in 900 μL saline. No adverse events related to AVI-4658 administration were reported. Intramuscular injection of the higher-dose of AVI-4658 resulted in increased dystrophin expression in all treated EDB muscles, although the results of the immunostaining of EDB-treated muscle for dystrophin were not uniform. In the areas of the immunostained sections that were adjacent to the needle track through which AVI-4658 was given, 44–79% of myofibres had increased expression of dystrophin. In randomly chosen sections of treated EDB muscles, the mean intensity of dystrophin staining ranged from 22% to 32% of the mean intensity of dystrophin in healthy control muscles (mean 26·4%), and the mean intensity was 17% (range 11–21%) greater than the intensity in the contralateral saline-treated muscle (one-sample paired t test p=0·002). In the dystrophin-positive fibres, the intensity of dystrophin staining was up to 42% of that in healthy muscle. We showed expression of dystrophin at the expected molecular weight in the AVI-4658-treated muscle by immunoblot. Interpretation Intramuscular AVI-4658 was safe and induced the expression of dystrophin locally within treated muscles. This proof-of-concept study has led to an ongoing systemic clinical trial of AVI-4658 in patients with DMD. Funding UK Department of Health. PMID:19713152

75 FR 23206 - Safety Zone; AVI September Fireworks Display, Laughlin, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-03

...-AA00 Safety Zone; AVI September Fireworks Display, Laughlin, NV AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... the lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort and... navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River in support of a fireworks show in the navigation channel of the...

75 FR 29427 - Safety Zone; AVI May Fireworks Display, Laughlin, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-26

...-AA00 Safety Zone; AVI May Fireworks Display, Laughlin, NV AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Temporary... Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort and Casino. This safety... Fireworks Display; Laughlin, Nevada, NV in the Federal Register (75 FR 9370). We received 0 comments on the...

Response to "Methyl donors change the germline epigenetic state of the A(vy) allele"

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We appreciate the explanation offered by Cropley et al. for what they perceive is a discrepancy between their results showing an effect of methyl supplementation on the germline epigenetic state of Avy and ours showing that diet-induced hypermethylation at Avy is not inherited transgenerationally. D...

Can Ceftazidime-Avibactam and Aztreonam Overcome β-Lactam Resistance Conferred by Metallo-β-Lactamases in Enterobacteriaceae?

PubMed

Marshall, Steven; Hujer, Andrea M; Rojas, Laura J; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M; Humphries, Romney M; Spellberg, Brad; Hujer, Kristine M; Marshall, Emma K; Rudin, Susan D; Perez, Federico; Wilson, Brigid M; Wasserman, Ronald B; Chikowski, Linda; Paterson, David L; Vila, Alejandro J; van Duin, David; Kreiswirth, Barry N; Chambers, Henry F; Fowler, Vance G; Jacobs, Michael R; Pulse, Mark E; Weiss, William J; Bonomo, Robert A

2017-04-01

Based upon knowledge of the hydrolytic profile of major β-lactamases found in Gram-negative bacteria, we tested the efficacy of the combination of ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) with aztreonam (ATM) against carbapenem-resistant enteric bacteria possessing metallo-β-lactamases (MBLs). Disk diffusion and agar-based antimicrobial susceptibility testing were initially performed to determine the in vitro efficacy of a unique combination of CAZ-AVI and ATM against 21 representative Enterobacteriaceae isolates with a complex molecular background that included bla IMP , bla NDM , bla OXA-48 , bla CTX-M , bla AmpC , and combinations thereof. Time-kill assays were conducted, and the in vivo efficacy of this combination was assessed in a murine neutropenic thigh infection model. By disk diffusion assay, all 21 isolates were resistant to CAZ-AVI alone, and 19/21 were resistant to ATM. The in vitro activity of CAZ-AVI in combination with ATM against diverse Enterobacteriaceae possessing MBLs was demonstrated in 17/21 isolates, where the zone of inhibition was ≥21 mm. All isolates demonstrated a reduction in CAZ-AVI agar dilution MICs with the addition of ATM. At 2 h, time-kill assays demonstrated a ≥4-log 10 -CFU decrease for all groups that had CAZ-AVI with ATM (8 μg/ml) added, compared to the group treated with CAZ-AVI alone. In the murine neutropenic thigh infection model, an almost 4-log 10 -CFU reduction was noted at 24 h for CAZ-AVI (32 mg/kg every 8 h [q8h]) plus ATM (32 mg/kg q8h) versus CAZ-AVI (32 mg/kg q8h) alone. The data presented herein require us to carefully consider this new therapeutic combination to treat infections caused by MBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae . Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.

75 FR 9370 - Safety Zone; AVI May Fireworks Display, Colorado River, Laughlin, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-02

...-AA00 Safety Zone; AVI May Fireworks Display, Colorado River, Laughlin, NV AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... waters of the lower Colorado River, Laughlin, NV, in support of a fireworks display near the AVI Resort... navigable waters of the Lower Colorado River in support of a fireworks show near Laughlin, NV. The fireworks...

A glycosylated recombinant human granulocyte colony stimulating factor produced in a novel protein production system (AVI-014) in healthy subjects: a first-in human, single dose, controlled study

PubMed Central

Varki, Roslyn; Pequignot, Ed; Leavitt, Mark C; Ferber, Andres; Kraft, Walter K

2009-01-01

Background AVI-014 is an egg white-derived, recombinant, human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). This healthy volunteer study is the first human investigation of AVI-014. Methods 24 male and female subjects received a single subcutaneous injection of AVI-014 at 4 or 8 mcg/kg. 16 control subjects received 4 or 8 mcg/kg of filgrastim (Neupogen, Amgen) in a partially blinded, parallel fashion. Results The Geometric Mean Ratio (GMR) (90% CI) of 4 mcg/kg AVI-014/filgrastim AUC(0–72 hr) was 1.00 (0.76, 1.31) and Cmax was 0.86 (0.66, 1.13). At the 8 mcg/kg dose, the AUC(0–72) GMR was 0.89 (0.69, 1.14) and Cmax was 0.76 (0.58, 0.98). A priori pharmacokinetic bioequivalence was defined as the 90% CI of the GMR bounded by 0.8–1.25. Both the white blood cell and absolute neutrophil count area under the % increase curve AUC(0–9 days) and Cmax (maximal % increase from baseline)GMR at 4 and 8 mcg/kg fell within the 0.5–2.0 a priori bound set for pharmacodynamic bioequivalence. The CD 34+ % increase curve AUC(0–9 days) and Cmax GMR for both doses was ~1, but 90% confidence intervals were large due to inherent variance, and this measure did not meet pharmacodynamic bioequivalence. AVI-014 demonstrated a side effect profile similar to that of filgrastim. Conclusion AVI-014 has safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic properties comparable to filgrastim at an equal dose in healthy volunteers. These findings support further investigation in AVI-014. PMID:19175929

An Implantable Device for Manipulation of the in vivo Tumor Microenvironment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, James K.

In the past decade, it has become increasingly recognized that interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulate metastasis. One such interaction is the paracrine loop between macrophages and cancer cells which drives metastatic invasion in mammary tumors. Tumor associated macrophages release epidermal growth factor (EGF), a chemoattractant which induces the migration of cancer cells toward the blood vessels. The cancer cells reciprocate by releasing a macrophage chemoattractant, colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF-1), resulting in the co-migration of both cell types and subsequent intravasation. In this work, a new technology has been developed for studying the mechanisms by which invasive tumor cells migrate in vivo toward gradients of EGF. Conventional in vitro methods used for studying tumor cell migration lack the complexity found in the TME and are therefore of limited relevance to in vivo metastasis. The Nano Intravital Device (NANIVID) has been designed as an implantable tool to manipulate the TME through the generation of soluble factor gradients. The NANIVID consists of two etched glass substrates, loaded with a hydrogel containing EGF, and sealed together using a polymer membrane. When implanted in vivo, the hydrogel will swell and release the entrapped EGF, forming a diffusion gradient in the tumor over many hours. The NANIVID design has been optimized for use with multiphoton-based intravital imaging, to monitor migration toward the device at single-cell resolution. Stabilization techniques have been developed to minimize imaging artifacts caused by breathing and specimen movement over the course of the experiment. The NANIVID has been validated in vivo using a mouse model of metastasis. When implanted in MDA-MB-231 xenograft tumors grown in SCID mice, chemotaxis of tumor cells was induced by the EGF gradient generated by the device. Cell motility parameters including velocity, directionality, and chemotactic index were calculated by tracking the migrating cells. Many additional chemicals and proteins are compatible with the NANIVID, providing a platform to initiate controlled changes in the TME that were not possible using conventional methods. Additionally, a one-dimensional (1D) cell migration assay was developed using electrospun nanofibers to mimic the collagen fibers associated with invasive breast tumors. Collagen fibers provide a substrate for cancer cells to migrate upon in vivo, serving as a connection to the blood vessels, to promote metastasis. Development of the migration assay enabled a low cost, versatile platform as a model system for the investigation of the motility processes used by tumor cells while constrained to 1D. The following supplemental material was submitted with this work and is available in the online version of this dissertation: Supp. Movie 1. Specimen Drift in Non-Fixtured Tumor.avi; Supp. Movie 2. Specimen Drift in Fixtured Tumor.avi; Supp. Movie 3. MDA-Mb-231 Cell Chemotaxis in vivo Toward 2 uM EGF NANIVID.avi; Supp. Movie 4. MDA-Mb-231 Cell Background Motility- Control NANIVID.avi; Supp. Movie 5. BAC Macrophage Chemotaxis- 300k U-ml hCSF-1 NANIVID.avi; Supp. Movie 6. BAC Macrophage Control Migration.avi; Supp. Movie 7. MTLn3 cells on Nanofiber-PVA Substrates.avi; Supp. Movie 8. MTLn3 cells on Nanofiber-Glass Substrates.avi.

TrAVis to Enhance Online Tutoring and Learning Activities: Real-Time Visualization of Students Tracking Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

May, Madeth; George, Sebastien; Prevot, Patrick

2011-01-01

Purpose: This paper presents a part of our research work that places an emphasis on Tracking Data Analysis and Visualization (TrAVis) tools, a web-based system, designed to enhance online tutoring and learning activities, supported by computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools. TrAVis is particularly dedicated to assist both tutors and students…

Evaluation of a native vegetation masking technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kinsler, M. C.

1984-01-01

A crop masking technique based on Ashburn's vegetative index (AVI) was used to evaluate native vegetation as an indicator of crop moisture condition. A mask of the range areas (native vegetation) was generated for each of thirteen Great Plains LANDSAT MSS sample segments. These masks were compared to the digitized ground truth and accuracies were computed. An analysis of the types of errors indicates a consistency in errors among the segments. The mask represents a simple quick-look technique for evaluating vegetative cover.

The SOURCE Registry: what is the learning curve in trans-apical aortic valve implantation?

PubMed

Wendler, Olaf; Walther, Thomas; Schroefel, Holger; Lange, Rüdiger; Treede, Hendrik; Fusari, Melissa; Rubino, Paolo; Thomas, Martyn

2011-06-01

Trans-apical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) has been shown to be a reproducible technique. Early results from the SAPIEN Aortic Bioprosthesis European Outcome (SOURCE) Registry identified major access complications associated with high 30-day mortality. Using the SOURCE Registry, we analyze the learning curve for TA-AVI over the first 2 years after commercialization. The SOURCE Registry gathered data for 2 consecutive years at European centers following commercialization of the Edwards SAPIEN bioprosthesis, totaling 2339 patients (1038 in COHORT 1 and 1301 in COHORT 2). Only data from centers that provided all of their consecutively treated patients were included in this study. We compared the 30-day results of TA-AVI from COHORT 1 (C-1: January/2008-January/2009) with the 30-day results of COHORT 2 (C-2: February/2009-January/2010). This analysis is based on a total number of 575 TA-AVIs in C-1 and 819 TA-AVIs in C-2. Mean age (C-1: 80.7 years, C-2: 80.5 years) and logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation (EuroSCORE) (C-1: 29.1%, C-2 27.3%) were not significantly different. Valve malposition (C-1: 1.6%, C-2: 1.2%), valve migration/embolization (C-1: 0.5%, C-2: 1.0%), and major access complications (C-1: 2.1%, C-2: 1.8%) were in total less frequent, but not statistically significant lower in C-2. However, the reduction of aortic regurgitation >2+ immediately following the procedure (C-1: 4.52%, C-2: 2.1%, p=0.011) and conversion rate to open surgery (C-1: 3.7%, C-2: 1.5%, p=0.0315) reached statistical significance. Postoperative complications included dialysis (C-1: 7.0%, C-2: 5.7%, p=ns), pacemaker implantation (C-2: 7.7%, C-2: 6.7%, p=ns), stroke (C-1: 2.4%, C-2: 2.6%, p=ns), and myocardial infarct (C-1: 0.7%, C-2: 0.4%, p=ns). The total 30-day mortality was 10.8% and not significantly different between the two groups (C-1: 10.8%, C-2: 10.7%, p=ns). Although the incidence of technical intra procedural complications has trended downward, reflecting the learning curve for TA-AVI, 30-day mortality was unchanged, likely due to patient co-morbidities not captured by preoperative risk variables. Copyright © 2010 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Crystal structure of the avilamycin resistance-conferring methyltransferase AviRa from Streptomyces viridochromogenes.

PubMed

Mosbacher, Tanja G; Bechthold, Andreas; Schulz, Georg E

2003-05-23

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains is a widespread problem in contemporary medical practice and drug design. It is therefore important to elucidate the underlying mechanism in each case. The methyltransferase AviRa from Streptomyces viridochromogenes mediates resistance to the antibiotic avilamycin, which is closely related to evernimicin, an oligosaccharide antibiotic that has been used in medical studies. The structure of AviRa was determined by X-ray diffraction at 1.5A resolution. Phases were obtained from one selenomethionine residue introduced by site-directed mutagenesis. The chain-fold is similar to that of most methyltransferases, although AviRa contains two additional helices as a specific feature. A putative-binding site for the cofactor S-adenosyl-L-methionine was derived from homologous structures. It agrees with the conserved pattern of interacting amino acid residues. AviRa methylates a specific guanine base within the peptidyltransferase loop of the 23S ribosomal RNA. Guided by the target, the enzyme was docked to the cognate ribosomal surface, where it fit well into a deep cleft without contacting any ribosomal protein. The two additional alpha-helices of AviRa filled a depression in the surface. Since the transferred methyl group of the cofactor is in a pocket beneath the enzyme surface, the targeted guanine base has to flip out for methylation.

Gene-Specific Countermeasures Against Ebola Virus Based on Antisense Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomers

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

Bavari 1* 1 US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America, 2 AVI BioPharma ...used as controls in these experiments. The PMOs were synthesized by AVI BioPharma , (Corvallis, Oregon, United States), as previously described [35]. In...interests. RB, DAS, and PLI have financial interest in AVI BioPharma , the company that supplied the PMO compounds for these studies. & References 1

The Airborne Visible / Infrared Imaging Spectrometer AVIS: Design, Characterization and Calibration.

PubMed

Oppelt, Natascha; Mauser, Wolfram

2007-09-14

The Airborne Visible / Infrared imaging Spectrometer AVIS is a hyperspectralimager designed for environmental monitoring purposes. The sensor, which wasconstructed entirely from commercially available components, has been successfullydeployed during several experiments between 1999 and 2007. We describe the instrumentdesign and present the results of laboratory characterization and calibration of the system'ssecond generation, AVIS-2, which is currently being operated. The processing of the datais described and examples of remote sensing reflectance data are presented.

VP35 Knockdown Inhibits Ebola Virus Amplification and Protects Against Lethal Infection in Mice

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, Maryland 21702-50112; and AVI BioPharma Inc., Corvallis, Oregon3 Received 29 June...target nucleotides within the EBOV genome or antigenome (Table 1). All PMO were synthesized and purified by AVI BioPharma Inc. (Cor- vallis, OR), as...technical assistance. We are also grateful to the Chemistry Department at AVI BioPharma Inc. for expert synthesis, purification, and analysis of all PMO

Anthocyanin Vacuolar Inclusions Form by a Microautophagy Mechanism

PubMed Central

Chanoca, Alexandra; Ueda, Takashi; Grotewold, Erich

2015-01-01

Anthocyanins are flavonoid pigments synthesized in the cytoplasm and stored inside vacuoles. Many plant species accumulate densely packed, 3- to 10-μm diameter anthocyanin deposits called anthocyanin vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). Despite their conspicuousness and importance in organ coloration, the origin and nature of AVIs have remained controversial for decades. We analyzed AVI formation in cotyledons of different Arabidopsis thaliana genotypes grown under anthocyanin inductive conditions and in purple petals of lisianthus (Eustoma grandiorum). We found that cytoplasmic anthocyanin aggregates in close contact with the vacuolar surface are directly engulfed by the vacuolar membrane in a process reminiscent of microautophagy. The engulfed anthocyanin aggregates are surrounded by a single membrane derived from the tonoplast and eventually become free in the vacuolar lumen like an autophagic body. Neither endosomal/prevacuolar trafficking nor the autophagy ATG5 protein is involved in the formation of AVIs. In Arabidopsis, formation of AVIs is promoted by both an increase in cyanidin 3-O-glucoside derivatives and by depletion of the glutathione S-transferase TT19. We hypothesize that this novel microautophagy mechanism also mediates the transport of other flavonoid aggregates into the vacuole. PMID:26342015

Human Signatures for Personnel Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-14

work\\ TESIS \\prueba.avi’); switch videoinfo.ImageType case ’truecolor’ video=aviread(’C:\\MATLAB\\R2006a\\work\\ TESIS \\prueba.avi’); case...8217indexed’ video=aviread(’C:\\MATLAB\\R2006a\\work\\ TESIS \\prueba.avi’); video=ind2rgb(video); end 4.1.2 Color to Grayscale Converter The conversion from...algorithm. • Maximum errors for both GTSig and the lattice Boltzmann method were confined to the corners where fthe temperature is ill de ined Numerical

Transmit: An Advanced Traffic Management System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-11-27

TRANSCOM'S SYSTEM FOR MANAGING INCIDENTS AND TRAFFIC, KNOWN AS TRANSMIT, WAS INITIATED TO ESTABLISH THE FEASIBILITY OF USING AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION (AVI) EQUIPMENT FOR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT AND SURVEILLANCE APPLICATIONS. AVI TECHNOLOGY SYSTEMS...

Spectral CT Image Restoration via an Average Image-Induced Nonlocal Means Filter.

PubMed

Zeng, Dong; Huang, Jing; Zhang, Hua; Bian, Zhaoying; Niu, Shanzhou; Zhang, Zhang; Feng, Qianjin; Chen, Wufan; Ma, Jianhua

2016-05-01

Spectral computed tomography (SCT) images reconstructed by an analytical approach often suffer from a poor signal-to-noise ratio and strong streak artifacts when sufficient photon counts are not available in SCT imaging. In reducing noise-induced artifacts in SCT images, in this study, we propose an average image-induced nonlocal means (aviNLM) filter for each energy-specific image restoration.  Methods:  The present aviNLM algorithm exploits redundant information in the whole energy domain. Specifically, the proposed aviNLM algorithm yields the restored results by performing a nonlocal weighted average operation on the noisy energy-specific images with the nonlocal weight matrix between the target and prior images, in which the prior image is generated from all of the images reconstructed in each energy bin.  Results: Qualitative and quantitative studies are conducted to evaluate the aviNLM filter by using the data of digital phantom, physical phantom, and clinical patient data acquired from the energy-resolved and -integrated detectors, respectively. Experimental results show that the present aviNLM filter can achieve promising results for SCT image restoration in terms of noise-induced artifact suppression, cross profile, and contrast-to-noise ratio and material decomposition assessment. Conclusion and Significance: The present aviNLM algorithm has useful potential for radiation dose reduction by lowering the mAs in SCT imaging, and it may be useful for some other clinical applications, such as in myocardial perfusion imaging and radiotherapy.

Menuing and Scrolling as Alternative Information Management Techniques

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-02-01

Reef Inhabitant Angelfish Parrotfish[ Cardinalfish Scorpionfish INSECT Carnivorous r Cicada Killer Lacewing LFlea Mosquito Herbivorous r Chinch Bug...Ayt -Ave 20 0 Bow f in 20 4 Bunt ing 20 1 1 0 Carrion Beetle 20 7 5 2 C avy 20 0 0 Chamoi s 20 i 1 0 Chinch Bug 20 4 2 Cicada Kilter 20 4 3 1 Earwig

Arterial Stiffness Measured with the Cuff Oscillometric Method Is Predictive of Exercise Capacity in Patients with Cardiac Diseases.

PubMed

Tazawa, Yasushi; Mori, Nobuyoshi; Ogawa, Yoshiko; Ito, Osamu; Kohzuki, Masahiro

2016-06-01

Arterial stiffness is widely used in assessing arteriosclerosis in the background of increased cardiovascular events. Arteriosclerosis also causes reduction in exercise capacity, which is a most important prognostic factor in patients with cardiovascular disease; however, data on the association between arterial stiffness and exercise capacity are limited. Therefore, a simple and noninvasive measurement of arterial stiffness that reflects the central circulation and exercise capacity is needed. The arterial velocity pulse index (AVI) is a parameter of arterial stiffness measurable with the cuff oscillometric method; however, the clinical utility of this method is unclear. We aimed to evaluate the trend of AVI in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), and the association between AVI and exercise capacity. A cross-sectional study of 116 patients with cardiac disease (34 CAD and 82 non-CAD patients) was performed. Non-CAD patients were those with any cardiac diseases who did not have proven CAD. The results showed that the AVI was significantly higher in CAD patients than non-CAD patients (P < 0.05, analysis of covariance). The AVI was inversely correlated with peakVO2 (r = -0.239, P < 0.05) and was a significant explanatory variable for peakVO2 in stepwise regression analysis (β = -14.62, t = -2.5, P < 0.05). These results indicate that the AVI is strongly associated with CAD and predictive of the exercise capacity in patients with cardiac diseases. We, therefore, propose that the cuff oscillometric method is clinically useful in evaluating arterial stiffness in patients with cardiac diseases, especially CAD.

Early-life lead exposure results in dose- and sex-specific effects on weight and epigenetic gene regulation in weanling mice

PubMed Central

Faulk, Christopher; Barks, Amanda; Liu, Kevin; Goodrich, Jaclyn M; Dolinoy, Dana C

2013-01-01

Aims Epidemiological and animal data suggest that the development of adult chronic conditions is influenced by early-life exposure-induced changes to the epigenome. This study investigates the effects of perinatal lead (Pb) exposure on DNA methylation and bodyweight in weanling mice. Materials & methods Viable yellow agouti (Avy) mouse dams were exposed to 0, 2.1, 16 and 32 ppm Pb acetate before conception through weaning. Epigenetic effects were evaluated by scoring coat color of Avy/a offspring and quantitative bisulfite sequencing of two retrotransposon-driven (Avy and CDK5 activator-binding protein intracisternal A particle element) and two imprinted (Igf2 and Igf2r) loci in tail DNA. Results Maternal blood Pb levels were below the limit of detection in controls, and 4.1, 25.1 and 32.1 μg/dl for each dose, respectively. Pb exposure was associated with a trend of increased wean bodyweight in males (p = 0.03) and altered coat color in Avy/a offspring. DNA methylation at Avy and the CDK5 activator-binding protein intracisternal A-particle element was significantly different from controls following a cubic trend (p = 0.04; p = 0.01), with male-specific effects at the Avy locus. Imprinted genes did not shift in methylation across exposures. Conclusion Dose- and sex-specific responses in bodyweight and DNA methylation indicate that Pb acts on the epigenome in a locus-specific fashion, dependent on the genomic feature hosting the CpG site of interest, and that sex is a factor in epigenetic response. PMID:24059796

Exon skipping and dystrophin restoration in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy after systemic phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer treatment: an open-label, phase 2, dose-escalation study

PubMed Central

Cirak, Sebahattin; Arechavala-Gomeza, Virginia; Guglieri, Michela; Feng, Lucy; Torelli, Silvia; Anthony, Karen; Abbs, Stephen; Garralda, Maria Elena; Bourke, John; Wells, Dominic J; Dickson, George; Wood, Matthew JA; Wilton, Steve D; Straub, Volker; Kole, Ryszard; Shrewsbury, Stephen B; Sewry, Caroline; Morgan, Jennifer E; Bushby, Kate; Muntoni, Francesco

2011-01-01

Summary Background We report clinical safety and biochemical efficacy from a dose-ranging study of intravenously administered AVI-4658 phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMO) in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Method We undertook an open-label, phase 2, dose-escalation study (0·5, 1·0, 2·0, 4·0, 10·0, and 20·0 mg/kg bodyweight) in ambulant patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy aged 5–15 years with amenable deletions in DMD. Participants had a muscle biopsy before starting treatment and after 12 weekly intravenous infusions of AVI-4658. The primary study objective was to assess safety and tolerability of AVI-4658. The secondary objectives were pharmacokinetic properties and the ability of AVI-4658 to induce exon 51 skipping and dystrophin restoration by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry, and immunoblotting. The study is registered, number NCT00844597. Findings 19 patients took part in the study. AVI-4658 was well tolerated with no drug-related serious adverse events. AVI-4658 induced exon 51 skipping in all cohorts and new dystrophin protein expression in a significant dose-dependent (p=0·0203), but variable, manner in boys from cohort 3 (dose 2 mg/kg) onwards. Seven patients responded to treatment, in whom mean dystrophin fluorescence intensity increased from 8·9% (95% CI 7·1–10·6) to 16·4% (10·8–22·0) of normal control after treatment (p=0·0287). The three patients with the greatest responses to treatment had 21%, 15%, and 55% dystrophin-positive fibres after treatment and these findings were confirmed with western blot, which showed an increase after treatment of protein levels from 2% to 18%, from 0·9% to 17%, and from 0% to 7·7% of normal muscle, respectively. The dystrophin-associated proteins α-sarcoglycan and neuronal nitric oxide synthase were also restored at the sarcolemma. Analysis of the inflammatory infiltrate indicated a reduction of cytotoxic T cells in the post-treatment muscle biopsies in the two high-dose cohorts. Interpretation The safety and biochemical efficacy that we present show the potential of AVI-4658 to become a disease-modifying drug for Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Funding UK Medical Research Council; AVI BioPharma. PMID:21784508

Possibility of relationship between the yellow sand and the foot-and-mouth disease in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan in March 2010 by using MODIS images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kato, Yoshinobu

2014-11-01

In Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan, the O-type foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) appeared and spread from March to July, 2010. The first infected livestock by FMD virus was detected on March 26, 2010 at Tsuno Town in Miyazaki Prefecture. The O-type FMD was found on March 14 at the suburb of Lanzhou City in Gansu, and on March 25, 2010 in Shanxi, China. The duration of FMD virus incubation is 2 to 8 days. Maki et al. (2011, 2012) presumed the cause of the first FMD in Miyazaki as follows: The yellow sand adhered with FMD virus was transported from Gansu to Miyazaki by global westerly winds. In this paper, we investigate whether the yellow sand generated in Gansu flew to Miyazaki in March, 2010 by using MODIS data of Terra and Aqua satellites. True-color mosaic images, AVI mosaic images and T11 mosaic images from China to Japan are made and examined. The aerosol vapor index (AVI) is defined as AVI=T12-T11, where T12 and T11 are the brightness temperatures at 12μm and 11μm wavelength, respectively. The AVI can detect the dust and sandstorms (DSS, i.e., yellow sands) in satellite images both at daytime and night. AVI values are classified into six levels from 0 to 5. From AVI images, DSS existed in the vicinity of Lanzhou on March 19, and in the south area of Shanxi on March 20, and in the vicinity of Tsuno Town on March 21. If Maki et al. are right, the cause of the first FMD in Miyazaki in March 2010 is that DSS generated in Gansu on March 19 flew to Miyazaki on March 21.

Prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation in DDD pacemaker patients with complete AV block under nominal AV intervals.

PubMed

Poller, Wolfram C; Dreger, Henryk; Schwerg, Marius; Melzer, Christoph

2015-01-01

Optimization of the AV-interval (AVI) in DDD pacemakers improves cardiac hemodynamics and reduces pacemaker syndromes. Manual optimization is typically not performed in clinical routine. In the present study we analyze the prevalence of E/A wave fusion and A wave truncation under resting conditions in 160 patients with complete AV block (AVB) under the pre-programmed AVI. We manually optimized sub-optimal AVI. We analyzed 160 pacemaker patients with complete AVB, both in sinus rhythm (AV-sense; n = 129) and under atrial pacing (AV-pace; n = 31). Using Doppler analyses of the transmitral inflow we classified the nominal AVI as: a) normal, b) too long (E/A wave fusion) or c) too short (A wave truncation). In patients with a sub-optimal AVI, we performed manual optimization according to the recommendations of the American Society of Echocardiography. All AVB patients with atrial pacing exhibited a normal transmitral inflow under the nominal AV-pace intervals (100%). In contrast, 25 AVB patients in sinus rhythm showed E/A wave fusion under the pre-programmed AV-sense intervals (19.4%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 12.6-26.2%). A wave truncations were not observed in any patient. All patients with a complete E/A wave fusion achieved a normal transmitral inflow after AV-sense interval reduction (mean optimized AVI: 79.4 ± 13.6 ms). Given the rate of 19.4% (CI 12.6-26.2%) of patients with a too long nominal AV-sense interval, automatic algorithms may prove useful in improving cardiac hemodynamics, especially in the subgroup of atrially triggered pacemaker patients with AV node diseases.

Asynchronous variational integration using continuous assumed gradient elements.

PubMed

Wolff, Sebastian; Bucher, Christian

2013-03-01

Asynchronous variational integration (AVI) is a tool which improves the numerical efficiency of explicit time stepping schemes when applied to finite element meshes with local spatial refinement. This is achieved by associating an individual time step length to each spatial domain. Furthermore, long-term stability is ensured by its variational structure. This article presents AVI in the context of finite elements based on a weakened weak form (W2) Liu (2009) [1], exemplified by continuous assumed gradient elements Wolff and Bucher (2011) [2]. The article presents the main ideas of the modified AVI, gives implementation notes and a recipe for estimating the critical time step.

Biomass District Heat System for Interior Rural Alaska Villages

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wall, William A.; Parker, Charles R.

2014-09-01

Alaska Village Initiatives (AVI) from the outset of the project had a goal of developing an integrated village approach to biomass in Rural Alaskan villages. A successful biomass project had to be ecologically, socially/culturally and economically viable and sustainable. Although many agencies were supportive of biomass programs in villages none had the capacity to deal effectively with developing all of the tools necessary to build a complete integrated program. AVI had a sharp learning curve as well. By the end of the project with all the completed tasks, AVI developed the tools and understanding to connect all of the dotsmore » of an integrated village based program. These included initially developing a feasibility model that created the capacity to optimize a biomass system in a village. AVI intent was to develop all aspects or components of a fully integrated biomass program for a village. This meant understand the forest resource and developing a sustainable harvest system that included the “right sized” harvest equipment for the scale of the project. Developing a training program for harvesting and managing the forest for regeneration. Making sure the type, quality, and delivery system matched the needs of the type of boiler or boilers to be installed. AVI intended for each biomass program to be of the scale that would create jobs and a sustainable business.« less

47 CFR 15.251 - Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., and 3.358-3.6 GHz. (a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS) which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose of automatically identifying transportation vehicles. (b) The field strength anywhere within the frequency range swept by the signal shall not...

47 CFR 15.251 - Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., and 3.358-3.6 GHz. (a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS) which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose of automatically identifying transportation vehicles. (b) The field strength anywhere within the frequency range swept by the signal shall not...

47 CFR 15.251 - Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., and 3.358-3.6 GHz. (a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS) which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose of automatically identifying transportation vehicles. (b) The field strength anywhere within the frequency range swept by the signal shall not...

47 CFR 15.251 - Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., and 3.358-3.6 GHz. (a) Operation under the provisions of this section is limited to automatic vehicle identification systems (AVIS) which use swept frequency techniques for the purpose of automatically identifying transportation vehicles. (b) The field strength anywhere within the frequency range swept by the signal shall not...

Application Guidelines for Quality Assurance Procedures for Hybrid Microcircuits.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

INSPECTION LIMITS SYMBOL TEST CONDITIONS UNITS SUBGROUP 6 TC = -55 DEGREES C AVI0 1 SAME AS SUBGROUP 5 -0.1 5 Vpp VOS SAME AS SUBGROUP 4 50 m%LC V0 2 ... 1 . Line Certification 2 . Fabrication Techniques and Material Qualification Procedures 3. Design Guidelines e. Application Guidelines. Items a through... 1 2 . GENERAL ................... ......... ................. 3 2.1 Summary of documents generated ........................ 3 2.2 Contract objectives

Thermal tolerant avicelase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus

DOEpatents

Ding, Shi-You [Golden, CO; Adney, William S [Golden, CO; Vinzant, Todd B [Golden, CO; Himmel, Michael E [Littleton, CO

2008-04-29

The invention provides a thermal tolerant (thermostable) cellulase, AviIII, that is a member of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family. AviIII was isolated and characterized from Acidothermus cellulolyticus and, like many cellulases, the disclosed polypeptide and/or its derivatives may be useful for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and chemicals.

Thermal tolerant avicelase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus

DOEpatents

Ding, Shi-You [Golden, CO; Adney, William S [Golden, CO; Vinzant, Todd B [Golden, CO; Himmel, Michael E [Littleton, CO

2009-05-26

The invention provides a thermal tolerant (thermostable) cellulase, AviIII, that is a member of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family. AviIII was isolated and characterized from Acidothermus cellulolyticus and, like many cellulases, the disclosed polypeptide and/or its derivatives may be useful for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and chemicals.

BD LSRFortessa for Tulane DoD ID and Cancer Projects

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-21

Influenza Antivirals" PI: Patrick Iversen, AVI BioPharma DTRA-TMTI (Subcontract) "Rapid Development of Dengue Antivirals" PI: Patrick Iversen, AVI... BioPharma (PI) Lisa Morici, PhD: Defense Threat Reduction Agency HDTRA 1-13-C-0002 "Outer membrane vesicle vaccine-mediated protection against

Fundamental study of compression for movie files of coronary angiography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ando, Takekazu; Tsuchiya, Yuichiro; Kodera, Yoshie

2005-04-01

When network distribution of movie files was considered as reference, it could be useful that the lossy compression movie files which has small file size. We chouse three kinds of coronary stricture movies with different moving speed as an examination object; heart rate of slow, normal and fast movies. The movies of MPEG-1, DivX5.11, WMV9 (Windows Media Video 9), and WMV9-VCM (Windows Media Video 9-Video Compression Manager) were made from three kinds of AVI format movies with different moving speeds. Five kinds of movies that are four kinds of compression movies and non-compression AVI instead of the DICOM format were evaluated by Thurstone's method. The Evaluation factors of movies were determined as "sharpness, granularity, contrast, and comprehensive evaluation." In the virtual bradycardia movie, AVI was the best evaluation at all evaluation factors except the granularity. In the virtual normal movie, an excellent compression technique is different in all evaluation factors. In the virtual tachycardia movie, MPEG-1 was the best evaluation at all evaluation factors expects the contrast. There is a good compression form depending on the speed of movies because of the difference of compression algorithm. It is thought that it is an influence by the difference of the compression between frames. The compression algorithm for movie has the compression between the frames and the intra-frame compression. As the compression algorithm give the different influence to image by each compression method, it is necessary to examine the relation of the compression algorithm and our results.

Academic Visual Identity (AVI): An Act of Symbolic Leadership

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Masiki, Trent

2011-01-01

Extensive scholarship exists on both symbolic leadership and corporate visual identity (CVI), yet little scholarly attention has been focused on the intersection of these two bodies of knowledge. In the field of education, that intersection is known as academic visual identity (AVI). The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that AVI…

Agouti signaling protein stimulates cell division in "viable yellow" (A vy/a) mouse liver

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Enhanced linear growth, hyperplasia, and tumorigenesis are well-known characteristics of "viable yellow" agouti Avy/- mice (1); however, the functional basis for this aspect of the phenotype is unknown. In the present study, we ascertained whether agouti signaling protein (ASIP) levels in Avy/a or a...

Soy protein isolate reduces hepatosteatosis in yellow Avy/a mice without altering coat color phenotype

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Agouti (Avy/a) mice fed an AIN-93G diet containing the soy isoflavone genistein (GEN) prior to and during pregnancy were reported to shift coat color and body composition phenotypes from obese-yellow towards lean pseudoagouti, suggesting epigenetic programming. Human consumption of purified GEN is r...

Methods of using thermal tolerant avicelase from Acidothermus cellulolyticus

DOEpatents

Adney, William S [Golden, CO; Vinzant, Todd B [Golden, CO; Ding, Shih-You [Golden, CO; Himmel, Michael E [Golden, CO

2011-04-26

The invention provides a thermal tolerant (thermostable) cellulase, AviIII, that is a member of the glycoside hydrolase (GH) family. AviIII was isolated and characterized from Acidothermus cellulolyticus, and, like many cellulases, the disclosed polypeptide and/or its derivatives may be useful for the conversion of biomass into biofuels and chemicals.

Minimizing right ventricular pacing in pacemaker patients with intact and compromised atrioventricular conduction : Results from the EVITA Trial.

PubMed

Bauer, A; Vermeulen, J; Toivonen, L; Voitk, J; Barr, C; Peytchev, P

2015-12-01

Unnecessary ventricular pacing is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Over the years different algorithms have been developed to reduce right ventricular pacing. Goal of the present study was to test the efficacy of the ventricular intrinsic preference (VIP) algorithm in patients with atrioventricular intact (AVi) and atrioventricular compromised (AVc) AV-conduction. Evaluation of VIP feature in pacemaker patients (EVITA) was a multicenter, prospective, randomized trial (Trials.gov Identifier: NCT00366158). In total, 389 patients were randomized to AVc group: n = 140/132 VIP OFF/VIP On, AVi group: n = 54/63 VIP OFF/VIP ON). One-month post-implantation AV conduction testing (AVc: PR/AR interval > 210 ms) was performed. Follow-up visits occurred 6 and 12 months after DDD-pacemaker implantation. In AVi and AVc-patients initiation of the VIP feature significantly reduced incidence of ventricular pacing (AVi: 53 ± 38 vs. 9 ± 21%, p = 0.0001; AVc: 79 ± 31 vs. 28 ± 35%, p = 0.0001). DDD-pacemaker implantation per se significantly reduced incidence of AF in VIP ON (AVi 27 vs. 0%, p < 0.0001; AVc 29 vs. 3%, p < 0.0001) and VIP OFF patients (AVi 43 vs. 4%, p < 0.0001; AVc 33 vs. 3, p < 0.0001), without significant differences between VIP ON and OFF groups (p > 0.05). In the AVc group activation of VIP significantly reduced incidence of adverse events (AE). All-cause mortality was not significantly different in VIP ON (n = 5) and VIP OFF (n = 4, p > 0.05) patients. AV search hysteresis (VIP) markedly reduces ventricular pacing both in patients with normal AV conduction and in patients with prolonged PR interval or intermittent AV block.

A case study illustrating the use of an attachment video-feedback intervention strategy.

PubMed

Tarabulsy, George M; Dubois-Comtois, Karine; Baudry, Claire; Moss, Ellen; Roberge, Annie; Savage, Laura-Emilie; Cyr, Chantal; St-Laurent, Diane; Bernier, Annie

2018-05-21

Children from high-risk environments are more likely to experience problems in development. Many difficulties are linked to early experiences in the context of the emerging attachment relationship. Over the past 20 years, our group has collaborated with government agencies to develop and implement an attachment-based video-feedback intervention strategy (AVI) that targets parental sensitivity and attachment. This case study presents the manner in which a young mother and her 6-month-old son experienced AVI. The study shows how the absence of maternal sensitivity and responsiveness to infant signals, difficulties in helping the child regulate affect, and problems in autonomy support are addressed via eight semi-structured mentoring visits. Discussion focuses on how AVI may be a helpful addition to primary prevention programs. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Applicability of avidin protein coated mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug carriers in the lung

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Rijt, S. H.; Bölükbas, D. A.; Argyo, C.; Wipplinger, K.; Naureen, M.; Datz, S.; Eickelberg, O.; Meiners, S.; Bein, T.; Schmid, O.; Stoeger, T.

2016-04-01

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit unique drug delivery properties and are thus considered as promising candidates for next generation nano-medicines. In particular, inhalation into the lungs represents a direct, non-invasive delivery route for treating lung disease. To assess MSN biocompatibility in the lung, we investigated the bioresponse of avidin-coated MSNs (MSN-AVI), as well as aminated (uncoated) MSNs, after direct application into the lungs of mice. We quantified MSN distribution, clearance rate, cell-specific uptake, and inflammatory responses to MSNs within one week after instillation. We show that amine-functionalized (MSN-NH2) particles are not taken up by lung epithelial cells, but induced a prolonged inflammatory response in the lung and macrophage cell death. In contrast, MSN-AVI co-localized with alveolar epithelial type 1 and type 2 cells in the lung in the absence of sustained inflammatory responses or cell death, and showed preferential epithelial cell uptake in in vitro co-cultures. Further, MSN-AVI particles demonstrated uniform particle distribution in mouse lungs and slow clearance rates. Thus, we provide evidence that avidin functionalized MSNs (MSN-AVI) have the potential to serve as versatile biocompatible drug carriers for lung-specific drug delivery.Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) exhibit unique drug delivery properties and are thus considered as promising candidates for next generation nano-medicines. In particular, inhalation into the lungs represents a direct, non-invasive delivery route for treating lung disease. To assess MSN biocompatibility in the lung, we investigated the bioresponse of avidin-coated MSNs (MSN-AVI), as well as aminated (uncoated) MSNs, after direct application into the lungs of mice. We quantified MSN distribution, clearance rate, cell-specific uptake, and inflammatory responses to MSNs within one week after instillation. We show that amine-functionalized (MSN-NH2) particles are not taken up by lung epithelial cells, but induced a prolonged inflammatory response in the lung and macrophage cell death. In contrast, MSN-AVI co-localized with alveolar epithelial type 1 and type 2 cells in the lung in the absence of sustained inflammatory responses or cell death, and showed preferential epithelial cell uptake in in vitro co-cultures. Further, MSN-AVI particles demonstrated uniform particle distribution in mouse lungs and slow clearance rates. Thus, we provide evidence that avidin functionalized MSNs (MSN-AVI) have the potential to serve as versatile biocompatible drug carriers for lung-specific drug delivery. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Synthesis of MSN particles. Characterisation of MSN particles (Fig. S1 and S2), DLS measurements of MSNs over time, lymphocyte and PMN cell count after MSN exposure (Fig. S3). Toxicity in BAL cytospins controls, phalloidin staining on BAL cytospins of MSN-NH2 exposed mice (Fig. S4), nanoparticle distribution in lung cryo-slices of Balb/c mice exposed to 100 μg MSNs (Fig. S5). Balb/c mice cryo-slices exposed to MSN-AVI for 1 or 7 days, co-stained with alveolar epithelial cell type 1 marker or with alveolar epithelial cell type 2 marker (Fig. S6), DiD selective labeling in a co-culture set-up (Fig. S7). See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr04119h

Site-directed immobilization of a genetically engineered anti-methotrexate antibody via an enzymatically introduced biotin label significantly increases the binding capacity of immunoaffinity columns.

PubMed

Davenport, Kaitlynn R; Smith, Christopher A; Hofstetter, Heike; Horn, James R; Hofstetter, Oliver

2016-05-15

In this study, the effect of random vs. site-directed immobilization techniques on the performance of antibody-based HPLC columns was investigated using a single-domain camelid antibody (VHH) directed against methotrexate (MTX) as a model system. First, the high flow-through support material POROS-OH was activated with disuccinimidyl carbonate (DSC), and the VHH was bound in a random manner via amines located on the protein's surface. The resulting column was characterized by Frontal Affinity Chromatography (FAC). Then, two site-directed techniques were explored to increase column efficiency by immobilizing the antibody via its C-terminus, i.e., away from the antigen-binding site. In one approach, a tetra-lysine tail was added, and the antibody was immobilized onto DSC-activated POROS. In the second site-directed approach, the VHH was modified with the AviTag peptide, and a biotin-residue was enzymatically incorporated at the C-terminus using the biotin ligase BirA. The biotinylated antibody was subsequently immobilized onto NeutrAvidin-derivatized POROS. A comparison of the FAC analyses, which for all three columns showed excellent linearity (R(2)>0.999), revealed that both site-directed approaches yield better results than the random immobilization; the by far highest efficiency, however, was determined for the immunoaffinity column based on AviTag-biotinylated antibody. As proof of concept, all three columns were evaluated for quantification of MTX dissolved in phosphate buffered saline (PBS). Validation using UV-detection showed excellent linearity in the range of 0.04-12μM (R(2)>0.993). The lower limit of detection (LOD) and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) were found to be independent of the immobilization strategy and were 40nM and 132nM, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precision was below 11.6%, and accuracy was between 90.7% and 112%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the AviTag-system in chromatography, and the first application of immunoaffinity chromatography for the analysis of MTX. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Marriage and Family Therapists Working with Family Violence: Strained Bedfellows or Compatible Partners?: A Commentary on Avis, Kaufman, and Bograd.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meth, Richard L.

1992-01-01

Responds to previous articles by Avis, Kaufman, and Bograd on role of marital and family therapists in dealing with family violence among clients. Comments on presentation style of earlier articles and then discusses points of agreement and disagreement with each of the three authors. Concludes by urging therapists to learn more so they can…

The correlation of TAS2R38 gene variants with higher risk for chronic rhinosinusitis in Polish patients.

PubMed

Dżaman, Karolina; Zagor, Mariola; Sarnowska, Elżbieta; Krzeski, Antoni; Kantor, Ireneusz

2016-10-31

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs), especially T2R38s appear as innovative regulators of innate immunity in the respiratory system. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in TAS2R38 gene may contribute to individual differences in susceptibility to respiratory infections especially chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS). TAS2R38 genotypes distribution varies by geographic region, race and ethnicity. The aim of the preliminary study was the identification of SNPs in TAS2R38 encoding genes in Polish patients with CRS and finding potential correlation with CRS phenotypes. The preliminary study contained 20 CRS patients undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS). Fresh sinus mucosa (SM) was obtained during FESS in CRS patients. Patients were genotyped for TAS2R38 using Sanger method and the genotype occurrences of the clinically recalcitrant CRS cohort was evaluated. Analysis of TAS2R38 expression in SM of CRS patients was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC). T2R38 was highly expressed in SM of CRS patients. Patients with CRS demonstrated both common genotypes PAV, AVI. The heterozygotes frequency (AVI/PAV) was the highest. The protective genotype (PAV/PAV) was noticed in the lowest frequency and connected with lower average value of CT score compare to AVI/AVI genotypes (p=0.01). The work presented in this study provides the hypothesis that airway bitter T2Rs are an innovative sphere of human respiratory innate protection. TAS2R38 polymorphism may influence the susceptibility to CRS. The AVI haplotypes are an independent risk factors for CRS. Additionally, the bitter taste receptors and related signalling pathways might create an unique group of therapeutic targets to treat CRS.

Maternal ethanol consumption alters the epigenotype and the phenotype of offspring in a mouse model.

PubMed

Kaminen-Ahola, Nina; Ahola, Arttu; Maga, Murat; Mallitt, Kylie-Ann; Fahey, Paul; Cox, Timothy C; Whitelaw, Emma; Chong, Suyinn

2010-01-15

Recent studies have shown that exposure to some nutritional supplements and chemicals in utero can affect the epigenome of the developing mouse embryo, resulting in adult disease. Our hypothesis is that epigenetics is also involved in the gestational programming of adult phenotype by alcohol. We have developed a model of gestational ethanol exposure in the mouse based on maternal ad libitum ingestion of 10% (v/v) ethanol between gestational days 0.5-8.5 and observed changes in the expression of an epigenetically-sensitive allele, Agouti viable yellow (A(vy)), in the offspring. We found that exposure to ethanol increases the probability of transcriptional silencing at this locus, resulting in more mice with an agouti-colored coat. As expected, transcriptional silencing correlated with hypermethylation at A(vy). This demonstrates, for the first time, that ethanol can affect adult phenotype by altering the epigenotype of the early embryo. Interestingly, we also detected postnatal growth restriction and craniofacial dysmorphology reminiscent of fetal alcohol syndrome, in congenic a/a siblings of the A(vy) mice. These findings suggest that moderate ethanol exposure in utero is capable of inducing changes in the expression of genes other than A(vy), a conclusion supported by our genome-wide analysis of gene expression in these mice. In addition, offspring of female mice given free access to 10% (v/v) ethanol for four days per week for ten weeks prior to conception also showed increased transcriptional silencing of the A(vy) allele. Our work raises the possibility of a role for epigenetics in the etiology of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, and it provides a mouse model that will be a useful resource in the continued efforts to understand the consequences of gestational alcohol exposure at the molecular level.

An Alternative Laboratory Designed to Address Ethical Concerns Associated with Traditional "TAS2R38" Student Genotyping

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaBonte, Michelle L.; Beers, Melissa A.

2015-01-01

The "TAS2R38" alleles that code for the PAV/AVI T2R38 proteins have long been viewed as benign taste receptor variants. However, recent studies have demonstrated an expanding and medically relevant role for "TAS2R38." The AVI variant of T2R38 is associated with an increased risk of both colorectal cancer and "Pseudomonas…

rAvis: an R-package for downloading information stored in Proyecto AVIS, a citizen science bird project.

PubMed

Varela, Sara; González-Hernández, Javier; Casabella, Eduardo; Barrientos, Rafael

2014-01-01

Citizen science projects store an enormous amount of information about species distribution, diversity and characteristics. Researchers are now beginning to make use of this rich collection of data. However, access to these databases is not always straightforward. Apart from the largest and international projects, citizen science repositories often lack specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to connect them to the scientific environments. Thus, it is necessary to develop simple routines to allow researchers to take advantage of the information collected by smaller citizen science projects, for instance, programming specific packages to connect them to popular scientific environments (like R). Here, we present rAvis, an R-package to connect R-users with Proyecto AVIS (http://proyectoavis.com), a Spanish citizen science project with more than 82,000 bird observation records. We develop several functions to explore the database, to plot the geographic distribution of the species occurrences, and to generate personal queries to the database about species occurrences (number of individuals, distribution, etc.) and birdwatcher observations (number of species recorded by each collaborator, UTMs visited, etc.). This new R-package will allow scientists to access this database and to exploit the information generated by Spanish birdwatchers over the last 40 years.

Delayed Time-to-Treatment of an Antisense Morpholino Oligomer Is Effective against Lethal Marburg Virus Infection in Cynomolgus Macaques.

PubMed

Warren, Travis K; Whitehouse, Chris A; Wells, Jay; Welch, Lisa; Charleston, Jay S; Heald, Alison; Nichols, Donald K; Mattix, Marc E; Palacios, Gustavo; Kugleman, Jeffrey R; Iversen, Patrick L; Bavari, Sina

2016-02-01

Marburg virus (MARV) is an Ebola-like virus in the family Filovirdae that causes sporadic outbreaks of severe hemorrhagic fever with a case fatality rate as high as 90%. AVI-7288, a positively charged antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligomer (PMOplus) targeting the viral nucleoprotein gene, was evaluated as a potential therapeutic intervention for MARV infection following delayed treatment of 1, 24, 48, and 96 h post-infection (PI) in a nonhuman primate lethal challenge model. A total of 30 cynomolgus macaques were divided into 5 groups of 6 and infected with 1,830 plaque forming units of MARV subcutaneously. AVI-7288 was administered by bolus infusion daily for 14 days at 15 mg/kg body weight. Survival was the primary endpoint of the study. While none (0 of 6) of the saline group survived, 83-100% of infected monkeys survived when treatment was initiated 1, 24, 48, or 96 h post-infection (PI). The antisense treatment also reduced serum viremia and inflammatory cytokines in all treatment groups compared to vehicle controls. The antibody immune response to virus was preserved and tissue viral antigen was cleared in AVI-7288 treated animals. These data show that AVI-7288 protects NHPs against an otherwise lethal MARV infection when treatment is initiated up to 96 h PI.

rAvis: An R-Package for Downloading Information Stored in Proyecto AVIS, a Citizen Science Bird Project

PubMed Central

Varela, Sara; González-Hernández, Javier; Casabella, Eduardo; Barrientos, Rafael

2014-01-01

Citizen science projects store an enormous amount of information about species distribution, diversity and characteristics. Researchers are now beginning to make use of this rich collection of data. However, access to these databases is not always straightforward. Apart from the largest and international projects, citizen science repositories often lack specific Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) to connect them to the scientific environments. Thus, it is necessary to develop simple routines to allow researchers to take advantage of the information collected by smaller citizen science projects, for instance, programming specific packages to connect them to popular scientific environments (like R). Here, we present rAvis, an R-package to connect R-users with Proyecto AVIS (http://proyectoavis.com), a Spanish citizen science project with more than 82,000 bird observation records. We develop several functions to explore the database, to plot the geographic distribution of the species occurrences, and to generate personal queries to the database about species occurrences (number of individuals, distribution, etc.) and birdwatcher observations (number of species recorded by each collaborator, UTMs visited, etc.). This new R-package will allow scientists to access this database and to exploit the information generated by Spanish birdwatchers over the last 40 years. PMID:24626233

Exposure to Soy Protein Isolate From Conception Fails to Induce Epigenetic Changes in Viable Yellow Agouti (Avy/a) Mice, But Partially Blocks Hepatosteatosis and Altered Body Composition in Mice and Rats

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Both beneficial and adverse health effects have been attributed to soy food consumption. Epigenetic programming through hypermethlylation of CpG sites on promoter regions may be a potential mechanism. Virgin a/a female and Avy/a male mice were fed AIN-93G diets made with either casein or soy protein...

A Novel Virus-Like Particle Based Vaccine Platform Displaying the Placental Malaria Antigen VAR2CSA.

PubMed

Thrane, Susan; Janitzek, Christoph M; Agerbæk, Mette Ø; Ditlev, Sisse B; Resende, Mafalda; Nielsen, Morten A; Theander, Thor G; Salanti, Ali; Sander, Adam F

2015-01-01

Placental malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum is a major cause of mortality and severe morbidity. Clinical testing of a soluble protein-based vaccine containing the parasite ligand, VAR2CSA, has been initiated. VAR2CSA binds to the human receptor chondroitin sulphate A (CSA) and is responsible for sequestration of Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocytes in the placenta. It is imperative that a vaccine against malaria in pregnancy, if administered to women before they become pregnant, can induce a strong and long lasting immune response. While most soluble protein-based vaccines have failed during clinical testing, virus-like particle (VLP) based vaccines (e.g., the licensed human papillomavirus vaccines) have demonstrated high efficacy, suggesting that the spatial assembly of the vaccine antigen is a critical parameter for inducing an optimal long-lasting protective immune response. We have developed a VLP vaccine display platform by identifying regions of the HPV16 L1 coat protein where a biotin acceptor site (AviTagTM) can be inserted without compromising VLP-assembly. Subsequent biotinylation of Avi-L1 VLPs allow us to anchor monovalent streptavidin (mSA)-fused proteins to the biotin, thereby obtaining a dense and repetitive VLP-display of the vaccine antigen. The mSA-VAR2CSA antigen was delivered on the Avi-L1 VLP platform and tested in C57BL/6 mice in comparison to two soluble protein-based vaccines consisting of naked VAR2CSA and mSA-VAR2CSA. The mSA-VAR2CSA Avi-L1 VLP and soluble mSA-VAR2CSA vaccines induced higher antibody titers than the soluble naked VAR2CSA vaccine after three immunizations. The VAR2CSA Avi-L1 VLP vaccine induced statistically significantly higher endpoint titres compared to the soluble mSA-VAR2CSA vaccine, after 1st and 2nd immunization; however, this difference was not statistically significant after 3rd immunization. Importantly, the VLP-VAR2CSA induced antibodies were functional in inhibiting the binding of parasites to CSA. This study demonstrates that the described Avi-L1 VLP-platform may serve as a versatile system for facilitating optimal VLP-display of large and complex vaccine antigens.

Biotin-avidin mediates the binding of adipose-derived stem cells to a porous β-tricalcium phosphate scaffold: Mandibular regeneration

PubMed Central

FENG, ZIHAO; LIU, JIAQI; SHEN, CONGCONG; LU, NANHANG; ZHANG, YONG; YANG, YANWEN; QI, FAZHI

2016-01-01

The present study aimed to investigate the properties of a promising bone scaffold for bone repair, which consisted of a novel composite of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) attached to a porous β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) scaffold with platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The β-TCP powder was synthesized and its composition was determined using X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The surface morphology and microstructure of the fabricated porous β-TCP scaffold samples were analyzed using light and scanning electron microscopy, and their porosity and compressive strength were also evaluated. In addition, the viability of rabbit ADSCs incubated with various concentrations of the β-TCP extraction fluid was analyzed. The rate of attachment and the morphology of biotinylated ADSCs (Bio-ADSCs) on avidin-coated β-TCP (Avi-β-TCP), and untreated ADSCs on β-TCP, were compared. Furthermore, in vivo bone-forming abilities were determined following the implantation of group 1 (Bio-ADSCs/Avi-β-TCP) and group 2 (Bio-ADSCs/Avi-β-TCP/PRP) constructs using computed tomography, and histological osteocalcin (OCN) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) expression analyses in a rabbit model of mandibulofacial defects. The β-TCP scaffold exhibited a high porosity (71.26±0.28%), suitable pore size, and good mechanical strength (7.93±0.06 MPa). Following incubation with β-TCP for 72 h, 100% of viable ADSCs remained. The avidin-biotin binding system significantly increased the initial attachment rate of Bio-ADSCs to Avi-β-TCP in the first hour (P<0.01). Following the addition of PRP, group 2 exhibited a bony-union and mandibular body shape, newly formed bone and increased expression levels of OCN and ALP in the mandibulofacial defect area, as compared with group 1 (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggested that the novel Bio-ADSCs/Avi-β-TCP/PRP composite may have potential application in bone repair and bone tissue engineering. PMID:26997987

TAS2R38 and CA6 genetic polymorphisms, frequency of bitter food intake, and blood biomarkers among elderly woman.

PubMed

Mikołajczyk-Stecyna, Joanna; Malinowska, Anna M; Chmurzynska, Agata

2017-09-01

Taste sensitivity is one of the most important biological determinants of food choice. Three SNPs of the TAS2R38 gene (rs713598, rs1726866, and rs10246939) give rise to two common haplotypes: PAV and AVI. These haplotypes, as well as an SNP within the CA6 gene (rs2274333) that encodes carbonic anhydrase VI (CA6), correlate with bitterness perception. The extent of consumption of bitter food may influence some health outcomes. The aim of this study is thus to investigate the impact of the TAS2R38 and CA6 genetic polymorphisms on the choice of bitter food, BMI, blood lipoprotein, and glucose concentrations as well as systemic inflammation in elderly women. The associations between the TAS2R38 diplotype, CA6 genotype, and the intake of bitter-tasting foods were studied in a group of 118 Polish women over 60 years of age. The intake of Brassica vegetables, grapefruit, and coffee was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Biochemical parameters were measured using the spectrophotometric method. Genotyping was performed using the high resolution melting method. We found a correlation between lipid profile, glucose and CRP levels, and frequency of bitter food intake. The AVI/AVI subjects drank coffee more frequently than did the PAV/PAV homozygotes, as did the A carriers of CA6 in comparison with the GG homozygotes. We also observed that simultaneous carriers of the PAV haplotype and A allele of TAS2R38 and CA6, respectively, choose white cabbage more frequent and had lower plasma levels of CRP and glucose than did AVI/AVI and GG homozygotes. In elderly women, the TAS2R38 and CA6 polymorphisms may affect the frequency of consumption of coffee and white cabbage, but not of other bitter-tasting foods. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies and projections of hydraulic conductivity of Devonian Plavinu and Daugava carbonate aquifers in Latvia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perkone, E.; Delina, A.; Saks, T.; Raga, B.; Jātnieks, J.; Klints, I.; Popovs, K.; Babre, A.; Bikše, J.; Kalvāns, A.; Retike, I.; Ukass, J.

2012-04-01

Carbonate aquifers show a very wide range of hydrogeological characteristics. Carbonate rock hydrogeology display two extremes: on one hand hydrogeological properties of the carbonates are governed by the pathways of the preferential groundwater flow typical in karstic regions, on the other - some carbonate aquifers behave almost like a homogeneous, isotropic, porous medium. Most lie between these extremes, but these case variations complicates the study of carbonate aquifer properties. In this study the results of the hydraulic conductivity in carbonate aquifers measurements, hydraulic conductivity correlation between sediments lithology and the aquifer surface depth and fractures research is presented. Upper Devonian Frasnian stage Pļaviņu and Daugava carbonate aquifers in the Latvian part of the Baltic basin is considered. The aim of this research is to elaborate characteristic hydraulic conductivity values for each aquifer based on existing data of the pumping test results and other aquifer properties. Pļaviņu and Daugava carbonate aquifers mainly consist of jointed dolomite with intermediate layers of dolomitic marlstone, limestone, clays and gypsum. These aquifers are prevalent in most of the study area, except Northern and South - Eastern parts of the territory. In geological structure Daugava aquifer lies above Pļaviņu aquifer. Daugava aquifer depth changes from 10 - 20 and even less meters in Eastern part to 250 - 300 m in South - West part of study area, but thickness varies from few meters to 30 m. Pļaviņu aquifer surface depth varies from 20 - 30 m, but in uplands surface depth reaches more than 120 m, in Eastern part to more than 300 m in South - West part of study area. Aquifer average thickness varies from 20 - 40 m, but in areas with buried valleys thickness can be less than 10 meters. Outcrops of these sediments are occurring in banks of largest rivers and in some areas aquifers are karstified. In studies of the carbonate aquifers it is very important to take into account the fact that groundwater flow in carbonate aquifers is often almost entirely dependent on jointing and concomitant joint enlargement by dissolution. In this study pumping test results provide a wide range of hydraulic conductivity values, for example in Pļaviņu aquifer hydraulic conductivity varies from 0,03 - 266 m/day but in Daugava aquifer values range from 0,06 - 735 m/day. Pumping test results is provided by Latvian Environment, Geology and Meteorology Centre. Studying average values of hydraulic conductivity there exists a correlation between K and aquifer flat depth - Daugava aquifer, which in geological structure, is located above the Pļaviņu aquifer has higher average K value - 32 m/day, in Pļaviņu aquifer - 27 m/day. Correlative study of the depth and hydraulic conductivity allowed to characterize the mean values as function of the aquifer depth for the regional groundwater flow modelling. This study is supported by the European Social Fund project No. 2009/0212/1DP/1.1.1.2.0/09/APIA/VIAA/060

Expression and purification of E. coli BirA biotin ligase for in vitro biotinylation.

PubMed

Li, Yifeng; Sousa, Rui

2012-03-01

The extremely tight binding between biotin and avidin or streptavidin makes labeling proteins with biotin a useful tool for many applications. BirA is the Escherichia coli biotin ligase that site-specifically biotinylates a lysine side chain within a 15-amino acid acceptor peptide (also known as Avi-tag). As a complementary approach to in vivo biotinylation of Avi-tag-bearing proteins, we developed a protocol for producing recombinant BirA ligase for in vitro biotinylation. The target protein was expressed as both thioredoxin and MBP fusions, and was released from the corresponding fusion by TEV protease. The liberated ligase was separated from its carrier using HisTrap HP column. We obtained 24.7 and 27.6 mg BirA ligase per liter of culture from thioredoxin and MBP fusion constructs, respectively. The recombinant enzyme was shown to be highly active in catalyzing in vitro biotinylation. The described protocol provides an effective means for making BirA ligase that can be used for biotinylation of different Avi-tag-bearing substrates. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnetic force driven six degree-of-freedom active vibration isolation system using a phase compensated velocity sensor.

PubMed

Kim, Yongdae; Kim, Sangyoo; Park, Kyihwan

2009-04-01

A six-axis active vibration isolation system (AVIS) is developed using voice coil actuators. Point contact configuration is employed to have an easy assembly of eight voice coil actuators to an upper and a base plates. The velocity sensor, using an electromagnetic principle that is commonly used in the vibration control, is investigated since its phase lead characteristic causes an instability problem for a low frequency vibration. The performances of the AVIS are investigated in the frequency domain and finally validated by comparing with the passive isolation system using the atomic force microscope images.

Life-threatening hemothorax due to azygos vein rupture after chest compression during cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

PubMed

Yang, Euiseok; Jeong, WonJoon; Lee, JunWan; Kim, SeungWhan

2014-11-01

Hemothorax is not an uncommon cardiopulmonary resuscitation(CPR)–related complication. But hemothorax related to azygos vein injury (AVI) is a rare condition following blunt chest trauma, with no report of CPR-related AVI in the literature. We present a case of azygosve in rupture in a middle-aged woman after repeated chest compression during 1 hour of CPR. She eventually presented with massive hemothorax due to azygos vein rupture diagnosed by computed tomography (CT). When faced with a patient with massive hemothorax after chest compression, azygos vein rupture should be considered as a complication.

High Rates of Nonsusceptibility to Ceftazidime-avibactam and Identification of New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase Production in Enterobacteriaceae Bloodstream Infections at a Major Cancer Center.

PubMed

Aitken, Samuel L; Tarrand, Jeffrey J; Deshpande, Lalitagauri M; Tverdek, Frank P; Jones, Anne L; Shelburne, Samuel A; Prince, Randall A; Bhatti, Micah M; Rolston, Kenneth V I; Jones, Ronald N; Castanheira, Mariana; Chemaly, Roy F

2016-10-01

Resistance to the novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination ceftazidime-avibactam (CAZ-AVI) among carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) has infrequently been reported in the United States. We report unexpectedly high rates of resistance to CAZ-AVI in CRE bloodstream isolates at our institution associated with the nonoutbreak spread of New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase in diverse Enterobacteriaceae species. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, e-mail journals.permissions@oup.com.

PREVAIL TRANSAPICAL: multicentre trial of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the newly designed bioprosthesis (SAPIEN-XT) and delivery system (ASCENDRA-II).

PubMed

Walther, Thomas; Thielmann, Matthias; Kempfert, Joerg; Schroefel, Holger; Wimmer-Greinecker, Gerhard; Treede, Hendrik; Wahlers, Thorsten; Wendler, Olaf

2012-08-01

Transapical (TA) aortic valve implantation (AVI) has evolved as an alternative procedure for high-risk patients. We evaluated the second-generation SAPIEN XT™ prosthesis in a prospective multicentre clinical trial. A total of 150 patients (age: 81.6 ± 5.8 years; 40.7% female) were included. Prosthetic valves (diameter: 23 mm (n = 36), 26 mm (n = 57) and 29 mm (n = 57)) were implanted. The ASCENDRA-II™ modified delivery system was used in the smaller sizes. Mean logistic EuroSCORE was 24.3 ± 7.0%, and mean STS score 7.5 ± 4.4%. All patients gave written informed consent. Off-pump AVI was performed using femoral arterial and venous access wires as a safety net. All but two patients received TA-AVI, as planned. The 29-mm valve showed similar function as the values of two other diameters did. Three patients (2%) required temporary cardiopulmonary bypass support. Postoperative complications included renal failure requiring long-term dialysis in four, bleeding requiring rethoracotomy in four, respiratory complication requiring reintubation in eight and sepsis in four patients, respectively. Thirty-day mortality was 13 (8.7%) for the total cohort and 2/57 (3.5%) for patients receiving the 29-mm valve, respectively. Echocardiography at discharge showed none or trivial aortic incompetence (AI) in 71% and mild-AI in 22% of the patients. Post-implantation AI was predominantly paravalvular and ≥ 2+ in 7% of patients. One patient required reoperation for AI within 30 days. The PREVAIL TA multicentre trial demonstrates good functionality and good outcomes for TA-AVI, using the SAPIEN XT™ prosthesis and its second-generation ASCENDRA-II™ delivery system, as well successful introduction of the 29-mm SAPIEN XT™ valve for the benefit of high-risk elderly patients.

Origin of the color of Cv. rhapsody in blue rose and some other so-called "blue" roses.

PubMed

Gonnet, Jean-François

2003-08-13

Flowers of the rose cultivar Rhapsody in Blue display unusual colors, changing as they age, from a vivid red-purple to a lighter and duller purple, which are based on tonalities corresponding to hue angles between 340 and 320 degrees in the CIELAB scale. Unexpectedly, the chemical basis of these colors is among the simplest, featuring cyanin (cyanidin 3,5-di-O-glucoside), the most frequent anthocyanin in flowers, as the sole pigment and quercetin kaempferol glycosides as copigments at a relatively low copigment/pigment ratio (about 3/1), which usually produces magenta or red shades in roses. This color shift to bluer shades is coupled with the progressive accumulation of cyanin into vacuolar anthocyanic inclusions (AVIs), the occurrence of which increases as the petals grow older. In addition to the normal lambda(max) of cyanin at approximately 545 nm, the transmission spectra of live petals and of epidermal cells exhibit a second lambda(max) in the 620-625 nm range, the relative importance increasing with the presence of AVIs. In petals of fully opened flowers, the only pigmented structures in the vacuoles of epidermal cells are AVIs; their intense and massive absorption in the 520-640 nm area produces a much darker and bluer color than measured for the vacuolar solution present at the very first opening stage. Cyanin is probably "trapped" into AVIs at higher concentrations than would be possible in a vacuolar solution and in quinonoidal form, appearing purple-blue because of additional absorption in the 580-630 nm area. Quite similar pigmentation features were found in very ancient rose cultivars (cv. L'Evêque or Bleu Magenta), also displaying this type of so-called "blue" color.

Transapical Aortic Valve Replacement under Real-time Magnetic Resonance Imaging Guidance: Experimental Results with Balloon-Expandable and Self-Expanding Stents

PubMed Central

Horvath, Keith A.; Mazilu, Dumitru; Kocaturk, Ozgur; Li, Ming

2010-01-01

Objective Aortic valves have been implanted on self-expanding (SE) and balloon-expandable (BE) stents minimally invasively. We have demonstrated the advantages of transapical aortic valve implantation (tAVI) under real-time magnetic resonance imaging (rtMRI) guidance. Whether there are different advantages to SE or BE stents is unknown. We report rtMRI guided tAVI in a porcine model using both SE and BE stents, and compare the differences between the stents. Methods Twenty-two Yucatan pigs (45-57kgs.) underwent tAVI. Commercially available stentless bioprostheses (21-25mm) were mounted on either BE platinum-iridium stents or SE nitinol stents. rtMRI guidance was employed as the intraoperative imaging. Markers on both types of stents were used to enhance the visualization in rtMRI. Pigs were allowed to survive and had follow-up MRI scans and echocardiography at 1, 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Results rtMRI provided excellent visualization of the aortic valve implantation mounted on both stent types. The implantation times were shorter with the SE stents (60±14 seconds) than BE (74±18s), (p=0.027). Total procedure time was 31 and 37 minutes respectively (p=0.12). It was considerably easier to manipulate the SE stent during deployment without hemodynamic compromise. This was not always the case with the BE stent and its placement occasionally resulted in coronary obstruction and death. Long-term results demonstrated stability of the implants with preservation of myocardial perfusion and function over time for both stents. Conclusions SE stents were easier to position and deploy thus leading to fewer complications during tAVI. Future optimization of SE stent design should improve clinical results. PMID:20971017

Rapid real-time PCR methods to distinguish Salmonella Enteritidis wildtype field isolates from vaccine strains Salmovac SE/Gallivac SE and AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E.

PubMed

Maurischat, Sven; Szabo, Istvan; Baumann, Beatrice; Malorny, Burkhard

2015-05-01

Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is a major non-typhoid Salmonella serovar causing human salmonellosis mainly associated with the consumption of poultry and products thereof. To reduce infections in poultry, S. Enteritidis live vaccine strains AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E and Salmovac SE/Gallivac SE have been licensed and used in several countries worldwide. To definitively diagnose a S. Enteritidis contamination in vaccinated herds a reliable and fast method for the differentiation between vaccine and wildtype field isolates is required. In this study, we developed and validated real-time PCR (qPCR) assays to distinguish those variants genetically. Suitable target sequences were identified by whole genome sequencing (WGS) using the Illumina MiSeq system. SNP regions in kdpA and nhaA proved to be most useful for differentiation of AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E and Salmovac SE/Gallivac SE, respectively, from wildtype strains. For each vaccine strain one TaqMan-qPCR assay and one alternative approach using High Resolution Melting (HRM) analysis was designed. All 30 Salmovac SE and 7 AviPro SALMONELLA VAC E vaccine strain reisolates tested were correctly identified by both approaches (100% inclusivity). Furthermore, all 137 (TaqMan) and 97 (HRM) Salmonella non-vaccine and related Enterobacteriaceae strains tested were excluded (100% exclusivity). The analytical detection limits were determined to be approx. 10(2) genome copies/reaction for the TaqMan and 10(4) genome copies/reaction for the HRM approach. The real-time PCR assays proved to be a reliable and fast alternative to the cultural vaccine strain identification tests helping decision makers in control measurements to take action within a shorter period of time. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

High sensitivity to multisensory conflicts in agoraphobia exhibited by virtual reality.

PubMed

Viaud-Delmon, Isabelle; Warusfel, Olivier; Seguelas, Angeline; Rio, Emmanuel; Jouvent, Roland

2006-10-01

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of auditory feedback in a VR system planned for clinical use and to address the different factors that should be taken into account in building a bimodal virtual environment (VE). We conducted an experiment in which we assessed spatial performances in agoraphobic patients and normal subjects comparing two kinds of VEs, visual alone (Vis) and auditory-visual (AVis), during separate sessions. Subjects were equipped with a head-mounted display coupled with an electromagnetic sensor system and immersed in a virtual town. Their task was to locate different landmarks and become familiar with the town. In the AVis condition subjects were equipped with the head-mounted display and headphones, which delivered a soundscape updated in real-time according to their movement in the virtual town. While general performances remained comparable across the conditions, the reported feeling of immersion was more compelling in the AVis environment. However, patients exhibited more cybersickness symptoms in this condition. The result of this study points to the multisensory integration deficit of agoraphobic patients and underline the need for further research on multimodal VR systems for clinical use.

Aptamer-phage reporters for ultrasensitive lateral flow assays

PubMed Central

Adhikari, Meena; Strych, Ulrich; Kim, Jinsu; Goux, Heather; Dhamane, Sagar; Poongavanam, Mohan-Vivekanandan; Hagström, Anna E. V.; Kourentzi, Katerina; Conrad, Jacinta C.; Willson, Richard C.

2015-01-01

We introduce the modification of bacteriophage particles with aptamers for the use as bioanalytical reporters, and demonstrate the use of these particles in ultrasensitive lateral flow assays. M13 phage displaying an in vivo biotinylatable peptide (AviTag) genetically fused to the phage tail protein pIII were used as reporter particle scaffolds, with biotinylated aptamers attached via avidin-biotin linkages, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reporter enzymes covalently attached to the pVIII coat protein. These modified viral nanoparticles were used in immunochromatographic sandwich assays for the direct detection of IgE and of the penicillin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus (PBP2a). We also developed an additional lateral flow assay for IgE, in which the analyte is sandwiched between immobilized anti-IgE antibodies and aptamer-bearing reporter phage modified with HRP. The limit of detection of this LFA was 0.13 ng/mL IgE, ~100 times lower than those of previously reported IgE assays. PMID:26456715

Aptamer-Phage Reporters for Ultrasensitive Lateral Flow Assays.

PubMed

Adhikari, Meena; Strych, Ulrich; Kim, Jinsu; Goux, Heather; Dhamane, Sagar; Poongavanam, Mohan-Vivekanandan; Hagström, Anna E V; Kourentzi, Katerina; Conrad, Jacinta C; Willson, Richard C

2015-12-01

We introduce the modification of bacteriophage particles with aptamers for use as bioanalytical reporters, and demonstrate the use of these particles in ultrasensitive lateral flow assays. M13 phage displaying an in vivo biotinylatable peptide (AviTag) genetically fused to the phage tail protein pIII were used as reporter particle scaffolds, with biotinylated aptamers attached via avidin-biotin linkages, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) reporter enzymes covalently attached to the pVIII coat protein. These modified viral nanoparticles were used in immunochromatographic sandwich assays for the direct detection of IgE and of the penicillin-binding protein from Staphylococcus aureus (PBP2a). We also developed an additional lateral flow assay for IgE, in which the analyte is sandwiched between immobilized anti-IgE antibodies and aptamer-bearing reporter phage modified with HRP. The limit of detection of this LFA was 0.13 ng/mL IgE, ∼100 times lower than those of previously reported IgE assays.

Explaining and predicting individually experienced liking of berry fractions by the hTAS2R38 taste receptor genotype.

PubMed

Laaksonen, Oskar; Ahola, Johanna; Sandell, Mari

2013-02-01

The roles of taste and astringent properties, food choice motives and health concerns in liking of bilberry and crowberry samples were studied using a sensory panel prescreened for the hTAS2R38 taste receptor genotype. The subjects rated the intensity of sourness, bitterness and two astringent properties (soft, velvety and rough, puckering) of all berry samples. They also scored the liking of juice fractions and completed a food choice motive and health concern questionnaire. Regression models were used to combine different data sets and to predict liking of the extracts. Sourness contributed positively to the liking of berry fractions, and bitterness and rough astringency were negative factors. The hTAS2R38 genotype affected the liking of polyphenol-rich extracts, which were significantly bitter and astringent. Based on the genotype grouping of subjects, PAV homozygotes gave lower ratings to the attributes than AVI homozygotes. In contrast, PAV homozygotes were predicted to dislike the extracts notably more than AVI homozygotes. Health concern and food choice motives related to health and weight control had significant roles in individual liking of juice fractions. Our results indicate that mood was more important to the PAV homozygotes than to the AVI homozygotes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The penetrance of an epigenetic trait in mice is progressively yet reversibly increased by selection and environment.

PubMed

Cropley, Jennifer E; Dang, Thurston H Y; Martin, David I K; Suter, Catherine M

2012-06-22

Natural selection acts on variation that is typically assumed to be genetic in origin. But epigenetic mechanisms, which are interposed between the genome and its environment, can create diversity independently of genetic variation. Epigenetic states can respond to environmental cues, and can be heritable, thus providing a means by which environmentally responsive phenotypes might be selectable independent of genotype. Here, we have tested the possibility that environment and selection can act together to increase the penetrance of an epigenetically determined phenotype. We used isogenic A(vy) mice, in which the epigenetic state of the A(vy) allele is sensitive to dietary methyl donors. By combining methyl donor supplementation with selection for a silent A(vy) allele, we progressively increased the prevalence of the associated phenotype in the population over five generations. After withdrawal of the dietary supplement, the shift persisted for one generation but was lost in subsequent generations. Our data provide the first demonstration that selection for a purely epigenetic trait can result in cumulative germline effects in mammals. These results present an alternative to the paradigm that natural selection acts only on genetic variation, and suggest that epigenetic changes could underlie rapid adaptation of species in response to natural environmental fluctuations.

The penetrance of an epigenetic trait in mice is progressively yet reversibly increased by selection and environment

PubMed Central

Cropley, Jennifer E.; Dang, Thurston H. Y.; Martin, David I. K.; Suter, Catherine M.

2012-01-01

Natural selection acts on variation that is typically assumed to be genetic in origin. But epigenetic mechanisms, which are interposed between the genome and its environment, can create diversity independently of genetic variation. Epigenetic states can respond to environmental cues, and can be heritable, thus providing a means by which environmentally responsive phenotypes might be selectable independent of genotype. Here, we have tested the possibility that environment and selection can act together to increase the penetrance of an epigenetically determined phenotype. We used isogenic Avy mice, in which the epigenetic state of the Avy allele is sensitive to dietary methyl donors. By combining methyl donor supplementation with selection for a silent Avy allele, we progressively increased the prevalence of the associated phenotype in the population over five generations. After withdrawal of the dietary supplement, the shift persisted for one generation but was lost in subsequent generations. Our data provide the first demonstration that selection for a purely epigenetic trait can result in cumulative germline effects in mammals. These results present an alternative to the paradigm that natural selection acts only on genetic variation, and suggest that epigenetic changes could underlie rapid adaptation of species in response to natural environmental fluctuations. PMID:22319121

Selecting Optimal Random Forest Predictive Models: A Case Study on Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Seabed Hardness

PubMed Central

Li, Jin; Tran, Maggie; Siwabessy, Justy

2016-01-01

Spatially continuous predictions of seabed hardness are important baseline environmental information for sustainable management of Australia’s marine jurisdiction. Seabed hardness is often inferred from multibeam backscatter data with unknown accuracy and can be inferred from underwater video footage at limited locations. In this study, we classified the seabed into four classes based on two new seabed hardness classification schemes (i.e., hard90 and hard70). We developed optimal predictive models to predict seabed hardness using random forest (RF) based on the point data of hardness classes and spatially continuous multibeam data. Five feature selection (FS) methods that are variable importance (VI), averaged variable importance (AVI), knowledge informed AVI (KIAVI), Boruta and regularized RF (RRF) were tested based on predictive accuracy. Effects of highly correlated, important and unimportant predictors on the accuracy of RF predictive models were examined. Finally, spatial predictions generated using the most accurate models were visually examined and analysed. This study confirmed that: 1) hard90 and hard70 are effective seabed hardness classification schemes; 2) seabed hardness of four classes can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy; 3) the typical approach used to pre-select predictive variables by excluding highly correlated variables needs to be re-examined; 4) the identification of the important and unimportant predictors provides useful guidelines for further improving predictive models; 5) FS methods select the most accurate predictive model(s) instead of the most parsimonious ones, and AVI and Boruta are recommended for future studies; and 6) RF is an effective modelling method with high predictive accuracy for multi-level categorical data and can be applied to ‘small p and large n’ problems in environmental sciences. Additionally, automated computational programs for AVI need to be developed to increase its computational efficiency and caution should be taken when applying filter FS methods in selecting predictive models. PMID:26890307

Selecting Optimal Random Forest Predictive Models: A Case Study on Predicting the Spatial Distribution of Seabed Hardness.

PubMed

Li, Jin; Tran, Maggie; Siwabessy, Justy

2016-01-01

Spatially continuous predictions of seabed hardness are important baseline environmental information for sustainable management of Australia's marine jurisdiction. Seabed hardness is often inferred from multibeam backscatter data with unknown accuracy and can be inferred from underwater video footage at limited locations. In this study, we classified the seabed into four classes based on two new seabed hardness classification schemes (i.e., hard90 and hard70). We developed optimal predictive models to predict seabed hardness using random forest (RF) based on the point data of hardness classes and spatially continuous multibeam data. Five feature selection (FS) methods that are variable importance (VI), averaged variable importance (AVI), knowledge informed AVI (KIAVI), Boruta and regularized RF (RRF) were tested based on predictive accuracy. Effects of highly correlated, important and unimportant predictors on the accuracy of RF predictive models were examined. Finally, spatial predictions generated using the most accurate models were visually examined and analysed. This study confirmed that: 1) hard90 and hard70 are effective seabed hardness classification schemes; 2) seabed hardness of four classes can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy; 3) the typical approach used to pre-select predictive variables by excluding highly correlated variables needs to be re-examined; 4) the identification of the important and unimportant predictors provides useful guidelines for further improving predictive models; 5) FS methods select the most accurate predictive model(s) instead of the most parsimonious ones, and AVI and Boruta are recommended for future studies; and 6) RF is an effective modelling method with high predictive accuracy for multi-level categorical data and can be applied to 'small p and large n' problems in environmental sciences. Additionally, automated computational programs for AVI need to be developed to increase its computational efficiency and caution should be taken when applying filter FS methods in selecting predictive models.

Klebsiella pneumoniae Carbapenemase-2 (KPC-2), Substitutions at Ambler Position Asp179, and Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam: Unique Antibiotic-Resistant Phenotypes Emerge from β-Lactamase Protein Engineering.

PubMed

Barnes, Melissa D; Winkler, Marisa L; Taracila, Magdalena A; Page, Malcolm G; Desarbre, Eric; Kreiswirth, Barry N; Shields, Ryan K; Nguyen, Minh-Hong; Clancy, Cornelius; Spellberg, Brad; Papp-Wallace, Krisztina M; Bonomo, Robert A

2017-10-31

The emergence of Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPCs), β-lactamases that inactivate "last-line" antibiotics such as imipenem, represents a major challenge to contemporary antibiotic therapies. The combination of ceftazidime (CAZ) and avibactam (AVI), a potent β-lactamase inhibitor, represents an attempt to overcome this formidable threat and to restore the efficacy of the antibiotic against Gram-negative bacteria bearing KPCs. CAZ-AVI-resistant clinical strains expressing KPC variants with substitutions in the Ω-loop are emerging. We engineered 19 KPC-2 variants bearing targeted mutations at amino acid residue Ambler position 179 in Escherichia coli and identified a unique antibiotic resistance phenotype. We focus particularly on the CAZ-AVI resistance of the clinically relevant Asp179Asn variant. Although this variant demonstrated less hydrolytic activity, we demonstrated that there was a prolonged period during which an acyl-enzyme intermediate was present. Using mass spectrometry and transient kinetic analysis, we demonstrated that Asp179Asn "traps" β-lactams, preferentially binding β-lactams longer than AVI owing to a decreased rate of deacylation. Molecular dynamics simulations predict that (i) the Asp179Asn variant confers more flexibility to the Ω-loop and expands the active site significantly; (ii) the catalytic nucleophile, S70, is shifted more than 1.5 Å and rotated more than 90°, altering the hydrogen bond networks; and (iii) E166 is displaced by 2 Å when complexed with ceftazidime. These analyses explain the increased hydrolytic profile of KPC-2 and suggest that the Asp179Asn substitution results in an alternative complex mechanism leading to CAZ-AVI resistance. The future design of novel β-lactams and β-lactamase inhibitors must consider the mechanistic basis of resistance of this and other threatening carbapenemases. IMPORTANCE Antibiotic resistance is emerging at unprecedented rates and threatens to reach crisis levels. One key mechanism of resistance is the breakdown of β-lactam antibiotics by β-lactamase enzymes. KPC-2 is a β-lactamase that inactivates carbapenems and β-lactamase inhibitors (e.g., clavulanate) and is prevalent around the world, including in the United States. Resistance to the new antibiotic ceftazidime-avibactam, which was designed to overcome KPC resistance, had already emerged within a year. Using protein engineering, we uncovered a mechanism by which resistance to this new drug emerges, which could arm scientists with the ability to forestall such resistance to future drugs. Copyright © 2017 Barnes et al.

A Pixel Correlation Technique for Smaller Telescopes to Measure Doubles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiley, E. O.

2013-04-01

Pixel correlation uses the same reduction techniques as speckle imaging but relies on autocorrelation among captured pixel hits rather than true speckles. A video camera operating at speeds (8-66 milliseconds) similar to lucky imaging to capture 400-1,000 video frames. The AVI files are converted to bitmap images and analyzed using the interferometric algorithms in REDUC using all frames. This results in a series of corellograms from which theta and rho can be measured. Results using a 20 cm (8") Dall-Kirkham working at f22.5 are presented for doubles with separations between 1" to 5.7" under average seeing conditions. I conclude that this form of visualizing and analyzing visual double stars is a viable alternative to lucky imaging that can be employed by telescopes that are too small in aperture to capture a sufficient number of speckles for true speckle interferometry.

Assessment of intracranial venous blood flow after subarachnoid hemorrhage: a new approach to diagnose vasospasm with transcranial color-coded duplex sonography.

PubMed

Connolly, Florian; Schreiber, Stephan J; Leithner, Christoph; Bohner, Georg; Vajkoczy, Peter; Valdueza, José M

2017-12-15

OBJECTIVE Transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCS) is a reliable tool that is used to assess vasospasm in the M 1 segment of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). A distinct increase in blood flow velocity (BFV) is the principal criterion for vasospasm. The MCA/internal carotid artery (ICA) index (Lindegaard Index) is also widely used to distinguish between vasospasm and cerebral hyperperfusion. However, extracranial ultrasonography assessment of the neck vessels might be difficult in an intensive care unit. Therefore, the authors evaluated whether the relationship of intracranial arterial to venous BFV might indicate vasospasm with similar or even better accuracy. METHODS Patients who presented between 2008 and 2015 with aneurysmal SAH were prospectively enrolled in the study. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) and TCCS were performed within 24 hours of each other to assess vasospasm 8-10 days after SAH. The following different TCCS parameters were analyzed to assess vasospasm in the MCA and were compared with the gold-standard DSA parameters: 1) mean time-averaged maximum BFV (V mean ) of the MCA, 2) peak systolic velocity (PSV) of the MCA, 3) the Lindegaard Index using V mean as well as PSV, and 4) a new arteriovenous index (AVI) between the MCA and the basal vein of Rosenthal using V mean and PSV. The best cutoff values for these parameters to distinguish vasospasm from normal perfusion or hyperperfusion were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value as well as the overall accuracy for each cutoff value were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 102 patients (mean age 52 ± 12 years) were evaluated. Bilateral MCA assessment by TCCS was successful in all patients. In 6 cases (3%), the BFV of the basal vein of Rosenthal could not be analyzed. The AVI could not be calculated in 50 of 204 cases (25%) because the insonation quality was very low in one of the ICAs. An AVI > 10 for V mean and an AVI > 12 for systolic velocity provided the highest accuracies of 87% and 86%, respectively. Regarding the Lindegaard Index, the accuracy was highest using a threshold of > 3 for the mean BFV (84%) as well as systolic BFV (80%). BFVs in the MCA of ≥ 120 cm/sec (V mean ) and ≥ 200 cm/sec (PSV) predicted vasospasm with accuracies of 84% and 83%, respectively. A combined analysis of the MCA BFV and the AVI led to a slight increase in specificity (V mean , 94%; PSV, 93%) and positive predictive value (V mean , 88%; PSV 86%) without further improvement in accuracy (V mean , 88%; PSV, 84%). CONCLUSIONS The intracranial AVI is a reliable parameter that can be used to assess vasospasm after SAH. Its reliability for differentiating vasospasm and hyperperfusion is slightly higher than that for the established Lindegaard Index, and this method has the additional advantage of a remarkably lower failure rate.

Converting laserdisc video to digital video: a demonstration project using brain animations.

PubMed

Jao, C S; Hier, D B; Brint, S U

1995-01-01

Interactive laserdiscs are of limited value in large group learning situations due to the expense of establishing multiple workstations. The authors implemented an alternative to laserdisc video by using indexed digital video combined with an expert system. High-quality video was captured from a laserdisc player and combined with waveform audio into an audio-video-interleave (AVI) file format in the Microsoft Video-for-Windows environment (Microsoft Corp., Seattle, WA). With the use of an expert system, a knowledge-based computer program provided random access to these indexed AVI files. The program can be played on any multimedia computer without the need for laserdiscs. This system offers a high level of interactive video without the overhead and cost of a laserdisc player.

A second prosthesis as a procedural rescue option in trans-apical aortic valve implantation.

PubMed

Kempfert, Jörg; Rastan, Ardawan J; Schuler, Gerhard; Linke, Axel; Holzhey, David; van Linden, Arnaud; Mohr, Friedrich-W; Walther, Thomas

2011-07-01

Trans-apical aortic valve implantation (TA-AVI) using the Edwards SAPIEN™ prosthesis has evolved to a routine procedure for selected high-risk elderly patients. In rare cases, misplacement of the SAPIEN™ valve (too low a position), dysfunction of the leaflets or perforation of the interventricular septum (ventricular septal defect, VSD) occurs and requires immediate implantation of a second prosthesis within the first one. Results of this 'bailout' maneuver have not been reported yet. Of 305 TA-AVI procedures, 15 patients required a second prosthesis due to dysfunctional leaflets (n = 6), low position (n = 7), or VSD (n = 2). Mean age was 82.5 ± 1.3 years, mean logistic EuroSCORE (European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation) was 45.5 ± 5.4, and Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS) Score was 13.5 ± 1.5. All second SAPIEN™ valves could be implanted successfully within the first one. The second prosthesis solved leaflet dysfunction, sealed the VSD (lower position of the second prosthesis), or corrected the initial misplacement (higher position of the second prosthesis) in all patients. Within 30 days, four patients died (low cardiac output n = 3, all with preoperative ejection fraction (EF) <35%; intestinal ischemia n = 1). Intra-operative echocardiogram and angiogram revealed mild paravalvular leak in three and none/trace in 12 patients. Transvalvular gradients were low despite the implantation of the second valve (P(max)/mean 13.7 ± 4.3/6.4 ± 2.0). Placement of a second SAPIEN™ valve is a valuable 'bailout' technique in case of VSD, dysfunctional leaflets, or too low placement of the first prosthesis. The technique leads to an excellent functional result with low transvalvular gradients. The simple, straight, tubular stent design of the SAPIEN™ prosthesis may be the ideal design for such valve-in-valve procedures. Copyright © 2011 European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Structures of the orthosomycin antibiotics avilamycin and evernimicin in complex with the bacterial 70S ribosome

PubMed Central

Arenz, Stefan; Graf, Michael; Nguyen, Fabian; Huter, Paul; Polikanov, Yury S.; Blanchard, Scott C.; Wilson, Daniel N.

2016-01-01

The ribosome is one of the major targets for therapeutic antibiotics; however, the rise in multidrug resistance is a growing threat to the utility of our current arsenal. The orthosomycin antibiotics evernimicin (EVN) and avilamycin (AVI) target the ribosome and do not display cross-resistance with any other classes of antibiotics, suggesting that they bind to a unique site on the ribosome and may therefore represent an avenue for development of new antimicrobial agents. Here we present cryo-EM structures of EVN and AVI in complex with the Escherichia coli ribosome at 3.6- to 3.9-Å resolution. The structures reveal that EVN and AVI bind to a single site on the large subunit that is distinct from other known antibiotic binding sites on the ribosome. Both antibiotics adopt an extended conformation spanning the minor grooves of helices 89 and 91 of the 23S rRNA and interacting with arginine residues of ribosomal protein L16. This binding site overlaps with the elbow region of A-site bound tRNA. Consistent with this finding, single-molecule FRET (smFRET) experiments show that both antibiotics interfere with late steps in the accommodation process, wherein aminoacyl-tRNA enters the peptidyltransferase center of the large ribosomal subunit. These data provide a structural and mechanistic rationale for how these antibiotics inhibit the elongation phase of protein synthesis. PMID:27330110

Error analysis regarding the calculation of nonlinear force-free field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, S.; Zhang, H. Q.; Su, J. T.

2012-02-01

Magnetic field extrapolation is an alternative method to study chromospheric and coronal magnetic fields. In this paper, two semi-analytical solutions of force-free fields (Low and Lou in Astrophys. J. 352:343, 1990) have been used to study the errors of nonlinear force-free (NLFF) fields based on force-free factor α. Three NLFF fields are extrapolated by approximate vertical integration (AVI) Song et al. (Astrophys. J. 649:1084, 2006), boundary integral equation (BIE) Yan and Sakurai (Sol. Phys. 195:89, 2000) and optimization (Opt.) Wiegelmann (Sol. Phys. 219:87, 2004) methods. Compared with the first semi-analytical field, it is found that the mean values of absolute relative standard deviations (RSD) of α along field lines are about 0.96-1.19, 0.63-1.07 and 0.43-0.72 for AVI, BIE and Opt. fields, respectively. While for the second semi-analytical field, they are about 0.80-1.02, 0.67-1.34 and 0.33-0.55 for AVI, BIE and Opt. fields, respectively. As for the analytical field, the calculation error of <| RSD|> is about 0.1˜0.2. It is also found that RSD does not apparently depend on the length of field line. These provide the basic estimation on the deviation of extrapolated field obtained by proposed methods from the real force-free field.

Design and optimization of voice coil actuator for six degree of freedom active vibration isolation system using Halbach magnet array.

PubMed

Kim, MyeongHyeon; Kim, Hyunchang; Gweon, Dae-Gab

2012-10-01

This paper describes the design, modeling, optimization, and validation of an active vibration isolation system using a voice coil motor. The active vibration isolating method was constructed with a passive isolator and an active isolator. A spring was used for passive isolating; an actuator was used for active isolating. The proposed active vibration isolation system (AVIS) can isolate disturbances for many kinds of instruments. Until now, developed AVIS were able to isolate a six degree-of-freedom disturbance effectively. This paper proposes the realization of such a six degree-of-freedom active vibration isolation system that can work as a bench top device for precision measuring machines such as atomic force microscope, scanning probe microscope, etc.

Aviation Careers Series: Airline Non-Flying Careers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-01-01

TRAVLINK demonstrated the use of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL), ComputerAided dispatch (CAD), and Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) systems on Metropolitan Council Transit Operations (MCTO) buses in Minneapolis, Minnesota and western suburbs,...

Influence of Background Genome on Enzymatic Characteristics of Yellow (Ay/-, Avy/-) Mice

PubMed Central

Wolff, George L.; Pitot, Henry C.

1973-01-01

Identification of the fundamental polypeptide difference between yellow (Ay/-, Avy/-) and non-yellow mice is important for biomedical research because of the influence of the yellow genotype on normal and neoplastic growth and obesity. The complexity of the "yellow mouse syndrome" makes attainment of this objective dependent on the separation of those pleiotropic enzyme differences which are secondary, and depend on the background genome, from those which are primary, and depend primarily on the agouti locus genotype.—Four of nine hepatic enzyme activities assayed simultaneously differed between eight-week-old yellow (Ay/-, Avy/-) and non-yellow (A/-, a/a) male inbred and F1 hybrid mice. Among these four, only cytoplasmic malic enzyme activity was elevated in all yellow mice, as compared with the non-yellow sibs, regardless of background genome. Glucokinase, serine dehydratase, and tyrosine α-ketoglutarate transaminase activities were also changed in yellow mice, but these alterations depended on the background genome.—The ratio of malic enzyme activity to citrate-cleavage enzyme activity, possibly related to the altered fat metabolism of yellow mice, was influenced by background genome as well as by the yellow genotype.——Significant deviations of enzyme activities from mid-parent values among F1 hybrids were associated with particular background genomes; the number of such deviations was larger among yellow mice than among non-yellows and this difference was greater among C3H F1 hybrids than among C57BL/6 F1 hybrids. PMID:4405752

Development of a video tampering dataset for forensic investigation.

PubMed

Ismael Al-Sanjary, Omar; Ahmed, Ahmed Abdullah; Sulong, Ghazali

2016-09-01

Forgery is an act of modifying a document, product, image or video, among other media. Video tampering detection research requires an inclusive database of video modification. This paper aims to discuss a comprehensive proposal to create a dataset composed of modified videos for forensic investigation, in order to standardize existing techniques for detecting video tampering. The primary purpose of developing and designing this new video library is for usage in video forensics, which can be consciously associated with reliable verification using dynamic and static camera recognition. To the best of the author's knowledge, there exists no similar library among the research community. Videos were sourced from YouTube and by exploring social networking sites extensively by observing posted videos and rating their feedback. The video tampering dataset (VTD) comprises a total of 33 videos, divided among three categories in video tampering: (1) copy-move, (2) splicing, and (3) swapping-frames. Compared to existing datasets, this is a higher number of tampered videos, and with longer durations. The duration of every video is 16s, with a 1280×720 resolution, and a frame rate of 30 frames per second. Moreover, all videos possess the same formatting quality (720p(HD).avi). Both temporal and spatial video features were considered carefully during selection of the videos, and there exists complete information related to the doctored regions in every modified video in the VTD dataset. This database has been made publically available for research on splicing, Swapping frames, and copy-move tampering, and, as such, various video tampering detection issues with ground truth. The database has been utilised by many international researchers and groups of researchers. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 28343 - Insurer Reporting Requirements; List of Insurers Required To File Reports

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-14

.... Each of the remaining five companies (including franchisees and licensees) listed in Appendix C are... Franchisees) Subject to the Reporting Requirements of Part 544 Avis Budget Group (subsidiary of Cendant...

46 CFR 12.15-3 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... practical demonstration of skills and abilities, of having achieved or maintained within the previous 5... first aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3 of the STCW Code. (4) Personal safety and social responsibilities...

Information Hiding In Digital Video Using DCT, DWT and CvT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abed Shukur, Wisam; Najah Abdullah, Wathiq; Kareem Qurban, Luheb

2018-05-01

The type of video that used in this proposed hiding a secret information technique is .AVI; the proposed technique of a data hiding to embed a secret information into video frames by using Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Curvelet Transform (CvT). An individual pixel consists of three color components (RGB), the secret information is embedded in Red (R) color channel. On the receiver side, the secret information is extracted from received video. After extracting secret information, robustness of proposed hiding a secret information technique is measured and obtained by computing the degradation of the extracted secret information by comparing it with the original secret information via calculating the Normalized cross Correlation (NC). The experiments shows the error ratio of the proposed technique is (8%) while accuracy ratio is (92%) when the Curvelet Transform (CvT) is used, but compared with Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT), the error rates are 11% and 14% respectively, while the accuracy ratios are (89%) and (86%) respectively. So, the experiments shows the Poisson noise gives better results than other types of noises, while the speckle noise gives worst results compared with other types of noises. The proposed technique has been established by using MATLAB R2016a programming language.

Estimating spatial travel times using automatic vehicle identification data

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

Prepared ca. 2001. The paper describes an algorithm that was developed for estimating reliable and accurate average roadway link travel times using Automatic Vehicle Identification (AVI) data. The algorithm presented is unique in two aspects. First, ...

Introduction To ITS/CVO Participant Manual, Course 1

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-08-01

WEIGH-IN-MOTION OR WIM, COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORK OR CVISN, AUTOMATIC VEHICLE INDENTIFICATION OR AVI, AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION OR AVL, ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE OR EDI, GLOCAL POSITIONING SYSTEM OR GPS, INTERNET OR WORD W...

46 CFR 12.05-3 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... assessment of a practical demonstration of skills and abilities, of having achieved or maintained within the...) Elementary first aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3 of the STCW Code. (4) Personal safety and social...

Determination of the optimal atrioventricular interval in sick sinus syndrome during DDD pacing.

PubMed

Kato, Masaya; Dote, Keigo; Sasaki, Shota; Goto, Kenji; Takemoto, Hiroaki; Habara, Seiji; Hasegawa, Daiji; Matsuda, Osamu

2005-09-01

Although the AAI pacing mode has been shown to be electromechanically superior to the DDD pacing mode in sick sinus syndrome (SSS), there is evidence suggesting that during AAI pacing the presence of natural ventricular activation pattern is not enough for hemodynamic benefit to occur. Myocardial performance index (MPI) is a simply measurable Doppler-derived index of combined systolic and diastolic myocardial performance. The aim of this study was to investigate whether AAI pacing mode is electromechanically superior to the DDD mode in patients with SSS by using Doppler-derived MPI. Thirty-nine SSS patients with dual-chamber pacing devices were evaluated by using Doppler echocardiography in AAI mode and DDD mode. The optimal atrioventricular (AV) interval in DDD mode was determined and atrial stimulus-R interval was measured in AAI mode. The ratio of the atrial stimulus-R interval to the optimal AV interval was defined as relative AV interval (rAVI) and the ratio of MPI in AAI mode to that in DDD mode was defined as relative MPI (rMPI). The rMPI was significantly correlated with atrial stimulus-R interval and rAVI (r = 0.57, P = 0.0002, and r = 0.67, P < 0.0001, respectively). A cutoff point of 1.73 for rAVI provided optimum sensitivity and specificity for rMPI >1 based on the receiver operator curves. Even though the intrinsic AV conduction is moderately prolonged, some SSS patients with dual-chamber pacing devices benefit from the ventricular pacing with optimal AV interval. MPI is useful to determine the optimal pacing mode in acute experiment.

Roadway system assessment using bluetooth-based automatic vehicle identification travel time data.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-12-01

This monograph is an exposition of several practice-ready methodologies for automatic vehicle identification (AVI) data collection : systems. This includes considerations in the physical setup of the collection system as well as the interpretation of...

Understanding ITS/CVO Technology Applications, Student Manual, Course 3

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-01-01

WEIGHT-IN-MOTION OR WIM, COMMERCIAL VEHICLE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND NETWORK OR CVISN, AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION OR AVI, AUTOMATIC LOCATION OR AVL, ELECTRONIC DATA INTERCHANGE OR EDI, GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM OR GPS, INTERNET OR WORLD WIDE WEB...

4DCAPTURE: a general purpose software package for capturing and analyzing two- and three-dimensional motion data acquired from video sequences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walton, James S.; Hodgson, Peter; Hallamasek, Karen; Palmer, Jake

2003-07-01

4DVideo is creating a general purpose capability for capturing and analyzing kinematic data from video sequences in near real-time. The core element of this capability is a software package designed for the PC platform. The software ("4DCapture") is designed to capture and manipulate customized AVI files that can contain a variety of synchronized data streams -- including audio, video, centroid locations -- and signals acquired from more traditional sources (such as accelerometers and strain gauges.) The code includes simultaneous capture or playback of multiple video streams, and linear editing of the images (together with the ancilliary data embedded in the files). Corresponding landmarks seen from two or more views are matched automatically, and photogrammetric algorithms permit multiple landmarks to be tracked in two- and three-dimensions -- with or without lens calibrations. Trajectory data can be processed within the main application or they can be exported to a spreadsheet where they can be processed or passed along to a more sophisticated, stand-alone, data analysis application. Previous attempts to develop such applications for high-speed imaging have been limited in their scope, or by the complexity of the application itself. 4DVideo has devised a friendly ("FlowStack") user interface that assists the end-user to capture and treat image sequences in a natural progression. 4DCapture employs the AVI 2.0 standard and DirectX technology which effectively eliminates the file size limitations found in older applications. In early tests, 4DVideo has streamed three RS-170 video sources to disk for more than an hour without loss of data. At this time, the software can acquire video sequences in three ways: (1) directly, from up to three hard-wired cameras supplying RS-170 (monochrome) signals; (2) directly, from a single camera or video recorder supplying an NTSC (color) signal; and (3) by importing existing video streams in the AVI 1.0 or AVI 2.0 formats. The latter is particularly useful for high-speed applications where the raw images are often captured and stored by the camera before being downloaded. Provision has been made to synchronize data acquired from any combination of these video sources using audio and visual "tags." Additional "front-ends," designed for digital cameras, are anticipated.

Electronic Toll And Traffic Management Systems, National Cooperative Highway Research Program Synthesis

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1993-01-01

ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION OR ETC AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT OR ETTM, AUTOMATIC VEHICLE IDENTIFICATION OR AVI : ELECTRONIC TOLL COLLECTION AND TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT (ETTM) SYSTEMS ARE NOT A FUTURISTIC DREAM, THEY ARE OPERATING OR ARE BEING TESTED TODAY I...

PCC Airfield Pavement Response During Thaw-Weakening Periods: A Field Study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-05-01

This investigation is part of the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory's (CRREL) on-going characterization of pavement performance in seasonal frost areas. As part of the research, CRREL conducted several field studies for the Federal Avi...

46 CFR 12.05-3 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... applicant must: (1) Be at least 18 years of age; (2) Pass the prescribed physical and medical examination in... § 12.01-3). (2) Fire prevention and fire-fighting as set out in table A-VI/1-2 of the STCW Code. (3...

46 CFR 12.05-3 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... applicant must: (1) Be at least 18 years of age; (2) Pass the prescribed physical and medical examination in... § 12.01-3). (2) Fire prevention and fire-fighting as set out in table A-VI/1-2 of the STCW Code. (3...

General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey (Annual Summary Report - 1986 Data)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-12-01

This report presents the results and description of the 1986 General Aviation Activity and Avionics Survey. The survey was conducted during 1987 by the FAA to obtain information on the activity and avionics of the United States registered general avi...

One-year multicentre outcomes of transapical aortic valve implantation using the SAPIEN XT™ valve: the PREVAIL transapical study.

PubMed

Walther, Thomas; Thielmann, Matthias; Kempfert, Joerg; Schroefel, Holger; Wimmer-Greinecker, Gerhard; Treede, Hendrik; Wahlers, Thorsten; Wendler, Olaf

2013-05-01

The study aimed to evaluate 1-year outcomes of the multicentre PREVAIL transapical (TA) study of TA-aortic valve implantation (AVI) in high-risk patients. From September 2009 to August 2010, a total of 150 patients, aged 81.6 ± 5.8 years, 40.7% female, were included at 12 European TA-AVI experienced sites. Patients received 23 (n = 36), 26 (n = 57) and 29 mm (n = 57) second-generation SAPIEN XT™ (Edwards Lifesciences, Irvine, CA, USA) valves. The mean logistic EuroSCORE was 24.3 ± 7.0, and mean Society Thoracic Surgeons score was 7.5 ± 4.4%. Survival was 91.3% at 30 days and 77.9% at 1 year. Subgroup analysis revealed survivals of 91.7/88.9, 86.0/70.2, 96.55/91.2% for patients receiving 23-, 26- and 29-mm valves at 30 days and at 1 year, respectively. Transthoracic echocardiography revealed preserved left ventricular ejection fraction and low gradients. Aortic incompetence was none in 41/48, trace 30/36, mild 22/12 and moderate in 7/4% at discharge and 1 year. Walking distance increased from 221 (postimplant) to 284 m (at 1 year, P = 0.0004). Three patients required reoperation due to increasing aortic incompetence during follow-up. Causes of mortality at 1 year were cardiac (n = 7), stroke (n = 1) and others (n = 5). The European PREVAIL multicentre trial demonstrates good functionality and good outcomes for TA-AVI using the second-generation SAPIEN XT prosthesis and the ASCENDRA-II delivery system. The 29-mm SAPIEN XT valve was successfully introduced and showed excellent results.

Vegetable Intake in College-Aged Adults Is Explained by Oral Sensory Phenotypes and TAS2R38 Genotype

PubMed Central

Hayes, John E.; Davidson, Andrew C.; Kidd, Judith R.; Kidd, Kenneth K.; Bartoshuk, Linda M.

2010-01-01

Taste and oral sensations vary in humans. Some of this variation has a genetic basis, and two commonly measured phenotypes are the bitterness of propylthiouracil (PROP) and the number of fungiform papillae on the anterior tongue. While the genetic control of fungiform papilla is unclear, PROP bitterness associates with allelic variation in the taste receptor gene, TAS2R38. The two common alleles are AVI and PAV (proline, alanine, valine, and isoleucine); AVI/AVI homozygotes taste PROP as less bitter than heterozygous or homozygous PAV carriers. In this laboratory-based study, we determined whether taste of a bitter probe (quinine) and vegetable intake varied by taste phenotypes and TAS2R38 genotype in healthy adults (mean age=26 years). Vegetable intake was assessed via two validated, complementary methods: food records (Food Pyramid servings standardized to energy intake) and food frequency questionnaire (general intake question and composite vegetable groups). Quinine bitterness varied with phenotypes but not TAS2R38; quinine was more bitter to those who tasted PROP as more bitter or had more papillae. Nontasters by phenotype or genotype reported greater consumption of vegetables, regardless of type (i.e., the effect generalized to all vegetables and was not restricted to those typically thought of as being bitter). Furthermore, nontasters with more papillae reported greater vegetable consumption than nontasters with fewer papillae, suggesting that when bitterness does not predominate, more papillae enhance vegetable liking. These findings suggest that genetic variation in taste, measured by multiple phenotypes or TAS2R38 genotype, can explain differences in overall consumption of vegetables, and this was not restricted to vegetables that are predominantly bitter. PMID:21157576

National Research and Development Plan for Aviation Safety, Security, Efficiency and Environmental Compatibility.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-11-01

This plan describes coordinated long-term research initiatives to bring about advances in aviation that will be required in the opening decades of the next century. The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security and the National Civil Avi...

78 FR 48043 - Safety Zone; AVI Resort and Casino Labor Day Fireworks Display; Colorado River

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

... the Local Notice to Mariners and local advertising by the event sponsor. If the Captain of the Port... need not be enforced for the full duration stated on this notice, he or she may use a Broadcast Notice...

Sonic Boom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hurtig, Brent

1998-01-01

Reviews and evaluates Pro Tools 4.1, a multitrack digital audio workstation (DAWs) that imports and synchronizes to QuickTime or AVI digital movies. Audio-for-picture editors lock their digital audio workstations to linear videotape recorders, using complex, expensive time code synchronizers. Highlights Macintosh and Windows based alternatives.…

National Research and Development Plan For Aviation Safety, Security, Efficiency, and Environmental Compatibility

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-11-01

This plan describes coordinated long-term research initiatives to bring about advances in aviation that will be required in the opening decades of the next century. The White House Commission on Aviation Safety and Security and the National Civil Avi...

Ancient horizontal transfers of retrotransposons between birds and ancestors of human pathogenic nematodes

PubMed Central

Suh, Alexander; Witt, Christopher C.; Menger, Juliana; Sadanandan, Keren R.; Podsiadlowski, Lars; Gerth, Michael; Weigert, Anne; McGuire, Jimmy A.; Mudge, Joann; Edwards, Scott V.; Rheindt, Frank E.

2016-01-01

Parasite host switches may trigger disease emergence, but prehistoric host ranges are often unknowable. Lymphatic filariasis and loiasis are major human diseases caused by the insect-borne filarial nematodes Brugia, Wuchereria and Loa. Here we show that the genomes of these nematodes and seven tropical bird lineages exclusively share a novel retrotransposon, AviRTE, resulting from horizontal transfer (HT). AviRTE subfamilies exhibit 83–99% nucleotide identity between genomes, and their phylogenetic distribution, paleobiogeography and invasion times suggest that HTs involved filarial nematodes. The HTs between bird and nematode genomes took place in two pantropical waves, >25–22 million years ago (Myr ago) involving the Brugia/Wuchereria lineage and >20–17 Myr ago involving the Loa lineage. Contrary to the expectation from the mammal-dominated host range of filarial nematodes, we hypothesize that these major human pathogens may have independently evolved from bird endoparasites that formerly infected the global breadth of avian biodiversity. PMID:27097561

Avi Purkayastha | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Austin, from 2001 to 2007. There he was principal in HPC applications and user support, as well as in research and development in large-scale scientific applications and different HPC systems and technologies Interests HPC applications performance and optimizations|HPC systems and accelerator technologies|Scientific

Crescent Evaluation : appendix F : state-line beacon project : user case studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-02-01

The essence of the AVI "Beacon" concept as it applies to the HELP organization would be to provide location, date, and tune information from the roadside to the on-board computer (OBC). A roadside transmit beacon would be located on the state lines a...

Analyse experimentale des performances d'une batterie au lithium pour l'aeronautique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonnin, Romain

Ce memoire a pour objectif d'identifier et d'etudier les performances necessaires pour qu'une batterie au lithium puisse etre utilisee dans le secteur de l'aeronautique. C'est pourquoi dans le cadre de notre recherche, nous allons proposer une procedure de tests permettant d'analyser et de determiner si la batterie au lithium peut etre implantee dans un avion. En vue de repondre a l'analyse des performances, une etude des fonctionnalites demandees par l'avion ainsi que des normes preexistantes vont etre effectuees. Suite a cette etape, nous allons elaborer un banc d'essais. Une fois le banc d'essais acheve, nous allons tester une batterie au lithium qui est supposee disposer de toutes les caracteristiques techniques requises pour etre implantee dans un avion. Ces tests nous permettront donc d'emettre un avis sur l'utilisation des batteries au lithium dans le domaine de l'aeronautique.

Analysis of Low Frequency Ground Motions Induced by Near-Surface and Atmospheric Explosions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-08-01

Library S-CUBED ATTN: J. Murphy Institute for Defense Analyses ATTN: Classified Library Science Applications, Inc ATTN: Technical Library Kaman...AviDyne ATTN: Library Science Applications, Inc ATTN: N. Hobbs ATTN: D. Maxwell ATTN: D. Bernstein Kaman Sciences Corp ATTN: Library Science Applications

The Future of American Defense Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

16-44. Sharma, Avi. "Who Leads in a G-Zero World? Multi-Nationals, Sustainable Development, and Corporate Social Responsibility in a Changing...Policies in the U.S. & Western Europe." Public Finance & Management 7, no. 3(September 2007): 295-339. Tiltiņš, Alekss and Baiba Šavriņa. "Alternative

Mechanisms of behavior modification in clinical behavioral medicine in China.

PubMed

Yang, Zhiyin; Su, Zhonghua; Ji, Feng; Zhu, Min; Bai, Bo

2014-08-01

Behavior modification, as the core of clinical behavioral medicine, is often used in clinical settings. We seek to summarize behavior modification techniques that are commonly used in clinical practice of behavioral medicine in China and discuss possible biobehavioral mechanisms. We reviewed common behavior modification techniques in clinical settings in China, and we reviewed studies that explored possible biobehavioral mechanisms. Commonly used clinical approaches of behavior modification in China include behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, health education, behavior management, behavioral relaxation training, stress management intervention, desensitization therapy, biofeedback therapy, and music therapy. These techniques have been applied in the clinical treatment of a variety of diseases, such as chronic diseases, psychosomatic diseases, and psychological disorders. The biobehavioral mechanisms of these techniques involve the autonomic nervous system, neuroendocrine system, neurobiochemistry, and neuroplasticity. Behavior modification techniques are commonly used in the treatment of a variety of somatic and psychological disorders in China. Multiple biobehavioral mechanisms are involved in successful behavior modification.

Advanced Visual and Instruction Systems for Maintenance Support (AVIS-MS)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

Hayashi , "Augmentable Reality: Situated Communication through Physical and Digital Spaces," Proc. 2nd Int’l Symp. Wearable Computers, IEEE CS Press...H. Ohno , "An Optical See-through Display for Mutual Occlusion of Real and Virtual Environments," Proc. Int’l Symp. Augmented Reality 2000 (ISARO0

Cotton 2K-Management tools for irrigated cotton

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The use of simulation models to manage crops was a concept introduced in the 1980’s. For example, the cotton simulation model known as GOSSYM was made available in 1989 and was used by both producers and consultants to manage cotton in real time. More recently, Dr. Avi Marani, Professor Emeritus, Sc...

An obesity-dependent lactation defect in the viable yellow agouti mouse is associated with mammary inflammation

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Maternal obesity is known to delay lactogenesis in breast-feeding women, as well as negatively impact lactation in other species. Obesity is also understood to be associated with inflammation. Work with the viable yellow agouti (Avy) mouse in our laboratory has documented a lactation defect in obese...

30 CFR 950.15 - Approval of Wyoming regulatory program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...), (ba), 3(b)(i); Ch II, §§ 3(a)(vi)(E), (M), (b)(xvi)(D), (xx), (v)(C); Ch IV, §§ 3(d)(vii), (e)(i)(H..., 2009 Chapter 11, Section 2(a)(vii)(A). [62 FR 9958, Mar. 5, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 53208, Oct. 1...

F-35 Force Development Evaluation and Weapons School Beddown Environmental Impact Statement

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-01

deficiencias encontradas después del despliegue del sistema; ♦ explora medios no materiales (por ejemplo, tácticas) para satisfacer requisitos...del adecuado desempeño del avión en combate al proporcionar entrenamiento, información sobre las capacidades operativas y nuevos requisitos. Además

26 CFR 1.1361-1 - S corporation defined.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... section 1361(c)(2)(A)(vi), the individual for whose benefit the trust was created shall be treated as the... it, each beneficiary who is a member of the family; (D) The individual for whose benefit a trust... individual for whose benefit the trust was created shall be treated as the shareholder. (ii) Exceptions. See...

46 CFR 11.202 - STCW endorsements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 7SR, England, telephone: + 44 (0)20 7735 7611, http://www.imo.org. (3) Each candidate presenting a... original MMC is issued, renewed, upgraded, or otherwise modified, the OCMI will determine whether the... (incorporated by reference, see § 11.102). (3) Elementary first aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3 of the STCW...

Independent Media, Youth Agency, and the Promise of Media Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poyntz, Stuart R.

2006-01-01

Through a discussion of two videos--The Take (Naomi Klein & Avi Lewis, 2004), and a student project--I argue that media education can further the role of youth as critically engaged, democratic citizens most effectively when educators develop students' capacity for reflection and self-expression through engagement with those power structures that…

Avis de l’ANSES/Rapport d’expertise collective: Analyse de risque phytosanitaire express Halyomorpha halys – la punaise diabolique

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

[translation: ANSES Phytosanitary Expert Pest Risk Assessment for Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, in France] Halyomorpha halys is now present in France in Alsace and in several neighboring countries (Switzerland and Italy). The potential risk of invasion of H. halys throughout Fr...

Visual rehabilitation: visual scanning, multisensory stimulation and vision restoration trainings

PubMed Central

Dundon, Neil M.; Bertini, Caterina; Làdavas, Elisabetta; Sabel, Bernhard A.; Gall, Carolin

2015-01-01

Neuropsychological training methods of visual rehabilitation for homonymous vision loss caused by postchiasmatic damage fall into two fundamental paradigms: “compensation” and “restoration”. Existing methods can be classified into three groups: Visual Scanning Training (VST), Audio-Visual Scanning Training (AViST) and Vision Restoration Training (VRT). VST and AViST aim at compensating vision loss by training eye scanning movements, whereas VRT aims at improving lost vision by activating residual visual functions by training light detection and discrimination of visual stimuli. This review discusses the rationale underlying these paradigms and summarizes the available evidence with respect to treatment efficacy. The issues raised in our review should help guide clinical care and stimulate new ideas for future research uncovering the underlying neural correlates of the different treatment paradigms. We propose that both local “within-system” interactions (i.e., relying on plasticity within peri-lesional spared tissue) and changes in more global “between-system” networks (i.e., recruiting alternative visual pathways) contribute to both vision restoration and compensatory rehabilitation, which ultimately have implications for the rehabilitation of cognitive functions. PMID:26283935

Flavones modulate respiratory epithelial innate immunity: Anti-inflammatory effects and activation of the T2R14 receptor

PubMed Central

Hariri, Benjamin M.; McMahon, Derek B.; Chen, Bei; Freund, Jenna R.; Mansfield, Corrine J.; Doghramji, Laurel J.; Adappa, Nithin D.; Palmer, James N.; Kennedy, David W.; Reed, Danielle R.; Jiang, Peihua

2017-01-01

Chronic rhinosinusitis has a significant impact on patient quality of life, creates billions of dollars of annual healthcare costs, and accounts for ∼20% of adult antibiotic prescriptions in the United States. Because of the rise of resistant microorganisms, there is a critical need to better understand how to stimulate and/or enhance innate immune responses as a therapeutic modality to treat respiratory infections. We recently identified bitter taste receptors (taste family type 2 receptors, or T2Rs) as important regulators of sinonasal immune responses and potentially important therapeutic targets. Here, we examined the immunomodulatory potential of flavones, a class of flavonoids previously demonstrated to have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects. Some flavones are also T2R agonists. We found that several flavones inhibit Muc5AC and inducible NOS up-regulation as well as cytokine release in primary and cultured airway cells in response to several inflammatory stimuli. This occurs at least partly through inhibition of protein kinase C and receptor tyrosine kinase activity. We also demonstrate that sinonasal ciliated epithelial cells express T2R14, which closely co-localizes (<7 nm) with the T2R38 isoform. Heterologously expressed T2R14 responds to multiple flavones. These flavones also activate T2R14-driven calcium signals in primary cells that activate nitric oxide production to increase ciliary beating and mucociliary clearance. TAS2R38 polymorphisms encode functional (PAV: proline, alanine, and valine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) or non-functional (AVI: alanine, valine, isoleucine at positions 49, 262, and 296, respectively) T2R38. Our data demonstrate that T2R14 in sinonasal cilia is a potential therapeutic target for upper respiratory infections and that flavones may have clinical potential as topical therapeutics, particularly in T2R38 AVI/AVI individuals. PMID:28373278

Variability of oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) in different animal species.

PubMed

Ninfali, P; Aluigi, G

1998-11-01

The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was measured both in whole (ORAC-T) and deproteinized (ORAC-AS) plasma samples of human, pig, cow, rabbit, dog, cat, sheep, horse, dolphin, turkey, guinea-hen and chicken. In the 12 species, ORAC-T data, expressed as micromoles of peroxyl radicals trapped by 11 of sample, were found scattered between 8,600 and 23,000 micromol/l. The species with the highest ORAC-T values were cat among mammals and chicken among avies. ORAC-AS values ranged between 600 and 2000 micromol/l, with the highest values found in dolphin and sheep among mammals, while chicken was first among avies. In the 12 species, the relative contribution of ORAC-AS in relation to ORAC-T ranged from 5% to 20%. Protein SH-groups and uric acid were measured in plasma of all species, but no significant correlation was found between thiols and ORAC-T values or between uric acid and ORAC-AS values. Our results show that: (1) the ORAC method is reproducible and sensitive enough to be used in the comparison of the peroxyl-radical absorbance capacity of protein and non-protein plasma components in different animal species; (2) both in mammals and in avies, there is a deep intra-class heterogeneity of ORAC-T and ORAC-AS values; (3) by considering most species, plasma proteins and lipoproteins account for about 85-90% of the overall peroxyl-radical trapping capacity. In the dolphin only, the protein contribution decreases to 80%; (4) uric acid accounts for about one-half of the ORAC-AS value in human, guinea-hen and for about one-third in chicken, while it provides a very limited contribution in other species. We conclude that species with the highest ORAC-T, like cat and chicken, or with the highest ORAC-AS, like dolphin, are interesting models to study the reasons of such a marked antioxidant defense in the plasma.

When Teachers Must Let Education Hurt: Rousseau and Nietzsche on Compassion and the Educational Value of Suffering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jonas, Mark E.

2010-01-01

Avi Mintz (2008) has recently argued that Anglo-American educators have a tendency to alleviate student suffering in the classroom. According to Mintz, this tendency can be detrimental because certain kinds of suffering actually enhance student learning. While Mintz compellingly describes the effects of educator's desires to alleviate suffering in…

46 CFR 12.15-3 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... years the minimum standards of competence for the following 4 areas of basic safety: (1) Personal... first aid as set out in table A-VI/1-3 of the STCW Code. (4) Personal safety and social responsibilities... of competence set out in STCW Regulation III/4 and Section A-III/4 of the STCW Code (incorporated by...

75 FR 20799 - Safety Zone; AVI July Fireworks Display, Laughlin, NV

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-21

..., West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590-0001. Hand...-0019'' in the ``Keyword'' box. Click ``Search'' then click on the balloon shape in the ``Actions... ``Actions'' column. You may also visit the Docket Management Facility in Room W12-140 on the ground floor of...

What We Talk about When We Don't Talk about Grades

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, John S.; Lessing, Avi D.

2017-01-01

In this article, John O'Connor and Avi Lessing discuss their decision to create gradeless classrooms. They reached this decision by witnessing the profound cost grades hold for students and teachers alike. Grades threaten to reduce students to mere scores and teachers to bookkeepers, both groups focused more on grades than learning. By eliminating…

Maternal obesity in the agouti viable yellow (Avy) mouse produces defective secretory activation that is associated with mammary inflammation and activation of adrenocorticosteroid-dependent gene expression

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Maternal obesity is known to interfere with normal lactation in women, rodents, and dairy animals. Obesity is also correlated with profound changes in an array of endocrine factors and is causally linked with inflammation and insulin resistance. Recent work suggests that elevated aldosterone actin...

Factors Influencing Health Care Access in Rural Health Professional Shortage Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-08-01

CRA&I DTIC TAB1 9 UnannouncedS~~Just f~jpn_ ..__" l• By Distribution /93- 04772 Avi adom a..,.Availability Codes Avail and orDist Special •~-0 1S𔄃...profession. Large group and staff-model Health Maintenance Rural Health 16 Organizations [HMOs) usually provide care at primary HMO sites ald employ NPs

Time to Dream: "Reflections on Paul Diederich and the Progressive American High School"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, John S.; Lessing, Avi D.

2015-01-01

In this essay, John S. O'Connor and Avi D. Lessing discuss the increasingly reductive and routinized nature of contemporary schools and the costs such an approach holds for students and teachers alike. The current approach is especially troublesome in light of the rich history of progressive voices, such as Paul Diederich, who have cautioned…

Value recovery from two mechanized bucking operations in the southeastern United States

Treesearch

Kevin Boston; Glen. Murphy

2003-01-01

The value recovered from two mechanized bucking operations in the southeastern United States was compared with the optimal value computed using an individual-stem log optimization program, AVIS. The first operation recovered 94% of the optimal value. The main cause for the value loss was a failure to capture potential sawlog volume; logs were bucked to a larger average...

Mechanical methods of chaparral modification

Treesearch

George Roby; Lisle Green

1976-01-01

Chaparral modification is undertaken for a variety of land-management purposes. To help land managers in selecting equipment and methods for such work, practitioners in county, State, and Federal modification projects were asked for evaluations of equipment and techniques they had used. This handbook describes the alternative techniques and equipment, provides...

Advances in the surface modification techniques of bone-related implants for last 10 years

PubMed Central

Qiu, Zhi-Ye; Chen, Cen; Wang, Xiu-Mei; Lee, In-Seop

2014-01-01

At the time of implanting bone-related implants into human body, a variety of biological responses to the material surface occur with respect to surface chemistry and physical state. The commonly used biomaterials (e.g. titanium and its alloy, Co–Cr alloy, stainless steel, polyetheretherketone, ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene and various calcium phosphates) have many drawbacks such as lack of biocompatibility and improper mechanical properties. As surface modification is very promising technology to overcome such problems, a variety of surface modification techniques have been being investigated. This review paper covers recent advances in surface modification techniques of bone-related materials including physicochemical coating, radiation grafting, plasma surface engineering, ion beam processing and surface patterning techniques. The contents are organized with different types of techniques to applicable materials, and typical examples are also described. PMID:26816626

Diversity, abundance, and host relationships of avian malaria and related haemosporidians in New Mexico pine forests.

PubMed

Marroquin-Flores, Rosario A; Williamson, Jessie L; Chavez, Andrea N; Bauernfeind, Selina M; Baumann, Matthew J; Gadek, Chauncey R; Johnson, Andrew B; McCullough, Jenna M; Witt, Christopher C; Barrow, Lisa N

2017-01-01

Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites (genera Haemoproteus , Plasmodium , and Leucocytozoon ) affect bird demography, species range limits, and community structure, yet they remain unsurveyed in most bird communities and populations. We conducted a community-level survey of these vector-transmitted parasites in New Mexico, USA, to describe their diversity, abundance, and host associations. We focused on the breeding-bird community in the transition zone between piñon-juniper woodland and ponderosa pine forests (elevational range: 2,150-2,460 m). We screened 186 birds representing 49 species using both standard PCR and microscopy techniques to detect infections of all three avian haemosporidian genera. We detected infections in 68 out of 186 birds (36.6%), the highest proportion of which were infected with Haemoproteus (20.9%), followed by Leucocytozoon (13.4%), then Plasmodium (8.0%). We sequenced mtDNA for 77 infections representing 43 haplotypes (25 Haemoproteus , 12 Leucocytozoon , 6 Plasmodium ). When compared to all previously known haplotypes in the MalAvi and GenBank databases, 63% (27) of the haplotypes we recovered were novel. We found evidence for host specificity at the avian clade and species level, but this specificity was variable among parasite genera, in that Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were each restricted to three avian groups (out of six), while Plasmodium occurred in all groups except non-passerines. We found striking variation in infection rate among host species, with nearly universal infection among vireos and no infection among nuthatches. Using rarefaction and extrapolation, we estimated the total avian haemosporidian diversity to be 70 haplotypes (95% CI [43-98]); thus, we may have already sampled ∼60% of the diversity of avian haemosporidians in New Mexico pine forests. It is possible that future studies will find higher diversity in microhabitats or host species that are under-sampled or unsampled in the present study. Fortunately, this study is fully extendable via voucher specimens, frozen tissues, blood smears, parasite images, and documentation provided in open-access databases (MalAvi, GenBank, and ARCTOS).

Diversity, abundance, and host relationships of avian malaria and related haemosporidians in New Mexico pine forests

PubMed Central

Marroquin-Flores, Rosario A.; Williamson, Jessie L.; Chavez, Andrea N.; Bauernfeind, Selina M.; Baumann, Matthew J.; Gadek, Chauncey R.; Johnson, Andrew B.; McCullough, Jenna M.

2017-01-01

Avian malaria and related haemosporidian parasites (genera Haemoproteus, Plasmodium, and Leucocytozoon) affect bird demography, species range limits, and community structure, yet they remain unsurveyed in most bird communities and populations. We conducted a community-level survey of these vector-transmitted parasites in New Mexico, USA, to describe their diversity, abundance, and host associations. We focused on the breeding-bird community in the transition zone between piñon-juniper woodland and ponderosa pine forests (elevational range: 2,150–2,460 m). We screened 186 birds representing 49 species using both standard PCR and microscopy techniques to detect infections of all three avian haemosporidian genera. We detected infections in 68 out of 186 birds (36.6%), the highest proportion of which were infected with Haemoproteus (20.9%), followed by Leucocytozoon (13.4%), then Plasmodium (8.0%). We sequenced mtDNA for 77 infections representing 43 haplotypes (25 Haemoproteus, 12 Leucocytozoon, 6 Plasmodium). When compared to all previously known haplotypes in the MalAvi and GenBank databases, 63% (27) of the haplotypes we recovered were novel. We found evidence for host specificity at the avian clade and species level, but this specificity was variable among parasite genera, in that Haemoproteus and Leucocytozoon were each restricted to three avian groups (out of six), while Plasmodium occurred in all groups except non-passerines. We found striking variation in infection rate among host species, with nearly universal infection among vireos and no infection among nuthatches. Using rarefaction and extrapolation, we estimated the total avian haemosporidian diversity to be 70 haplotypes (95% CI [43–98]); thus, we may have already sampled ∼60% of the diversity of avian haemosporidians in New Mexico pine forests. It is possible that future studies will find higher diversity in microhabitats or host species that are under-sampled or unsampled in the present study. Fortunately, this study is fully extendable via voucher specimens, frozen tissues, blood smears, parasite images, and documentation provided in open-access databases (MalAvi, GenBank, and ARCTOS). PMID:28828279

A novel technique for prevention of self-mutilation in three Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus).

PubMed

Smith, Stephen P; Forbes, Neil A

2009-03-01

Feather destructive behavior is an ever-increasing problem in captive birds of prey and any associated self-mutilation can be challenging to manage. This clinical report describes a noninvasive, nonpainful, temporary beak modification technique used to prevent self-mutilation in 3 Harris' hawks (Parabuteo unicinctus), when other methods and husbandry modifications had failed. The technique was successful in all 3 birds, and no adverse effects were observed. Further investigations are required to further evaluate if this beak modification technique causes any psychologic or physical stress to the avian patient.

Evaluation of Techniques for Reducing In-Use Automotive Fuel Consumption

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

This report presents an assessment of proposed techniques for reducing fuel consumption in the in-use light duty road vehicle fleet. Three general classes of techniques are treated: (1) modification of vehicles, (2) modification of traffic flow, and ...

Budget Scoring of Alternative Financing Methods for Defense Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

28 Table 3. Public vs . Private Operating Lease Determination ..........................................32 xii...asset to another party (lessee). For example, the rental of an automobile from Avis implies no ownership . However, leases can be structured in an... Ownership of the asset remains with the lessor during the term of the lease and is not transferred to the Government at or shortly after the end of

Fiches pratiques: Les comparatifs lavent plus blanc; Signe particulier: Belier; Avis de recherche; Mont de piete (Comparatively Speaking; The Sign of Aries; Missing Persons; Pawnshop).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bourdet, Jean-Francois; And Others

1992-01-01

Four activities for the French language classroom are described. These include helping students discover comparative expressions by using advertisements; using horoscopes for teaching vocabulary; using a missing persons report as a source for intermediate to advanced level discussion, collective writing, and questions; and a video designed to…

76 FR 33392 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; EDGX Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... received on the proposed rule change. The text of these statements may be examined at the places specified... SWPC routing strategy to Rule 11.9(b)(3)(q). \\4\\ See SR-EDGX-2011-15 (May 5, 2011). SWPC is a routing... strategies set forth in NASDAQ Rule 4758(a)(1)(A)(vi) (``NASDAQ's ``MOPP'' strategy) and BATS BZX/BYX...

A Technique to Reduce Incidence of Opaque Bubble Layer Formation During LASIK Flap Creation Using the VisuMax Femtosecond Laser.

PubMed

Wu, Ningling; Christenbury, Joseph G; Dishler, Jon G; Bozkurt, Tahir Kansu; Duel, Daniel; Zhang, Lijun; Hamilton, D Rex

2017-09-01

To identify risk factors for opaque bubble layer (OBL) formation and compare the incidence of OBL using a cone modification technique versus the original technique for LASIK flap creation using the VisuMax laser (Carl Zeiss Meditec, Jena, Germany). This retrospective study examined videos of flap creation using the VisuMax laser to identify OBL occurrence. Eyes were divided into three groups: eyes where OBL occurred using the original technique (OBL group), eyes where OBL did not occur using the original technique (no OBL group), and eyes in which the cone modification technique was used for LASIK flap creation (larger flap diameter) (cone modification technique group). Preoperative measurements including simulated keratometry (flat and steep) values, white-to-white distance (WTW), pachymetry, patient age and gender, amount of correction, flap parameters, energy setting, corneal hysteresis, and corneal resistance factor were analyzed to identify parameters with statistical difference between the OBL and no OBL groups. Incidence of OBL was compared between the original and cone modification techniques. OBL incidence was significantly lower with the cone modification technique (7.6%; 7 of 92 eyes) than with the original technique (28.8%; 34 of 118 eyes) (Fisher's exact test, P = .0009). Factors identified with a significant difference between eyes with and without OBL using the original technique were: corneal thickness (OBL: 561.2 μm, no OBL: 549.6 μm, P = .0132), WTW diameter (OBL: 11.6 mm, no OBL: 11.9 mm, P = .0048), corneal resistance factor (OBL: 10.4 mm Hg, no OBL: 9.6 mm Hg, P = 0.0329), and corneal astigmatism (OBL: 0.80 diopter, no OBL: 1.00 diopter, P = .0472) CONCLUSIONS: Less astigmatic, thicker, denser, and smaller corneas increased the risk of OBL using the original technique for flap creation. The cone modification technique was associated with lower risk of OBL formation, even in eyes with significant risk factors for OBL using the original technique. [J Refract Surg. 2017;33(9):584-590.]. Copyright 2017, SLACK Incorporated.

77 FR 10581 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-22

... quantity as close to zero as possible. The Exchange proposes to amend Rule 123C(4)(a)(vi) to add that LOC... ``plus'' or ``zero plus'' tick, and is not lower than the last sale plus the minimal fractional change in the stock if the last sale was a ``minus'' or ``zero minus'' tick. The purpose of a Sell Plus order is...

Towards Long-Time Simulation of Soft Tissue Simulant Penetration

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

materials involved in testing. Experiments, for instance firing high speed bullets at steel plates of different thicknesses (see [2]), reveal large...L’ shaped beam against a rigid wall using AVI and the almost exact en- ergy conservation of the system . With traditional time integrators, the time...and avoiding ill-conditioning issues is often non trivial. Likewise, Lagrange multipliers have also been used to impose the contact con- straint at

Emerging Targets and Novel Approaches to Ebola Virus Prophylaxis and Treatment

PubMed Central

Choi, Jin Huk; Croyle, Maria A.

2013-01-01

Ebola is a highly virulent pathogen causing severe hemorrhagic fever with a high case fatality rate in humans and non-human primates (NHPs). Although safe and effective vaccines or other medicinal agents to block Ebola infection are currently unavailable, a significant effort has been put forth to identify several promising candidates for the treatment and prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. Among these, recombinant-virus based vectors have been identified as potent vaccine candidates with some affording both pre- and post-exposure protection from the virus. Recently, Investigational New Drug (IND) applications have been approved by the United States (U.S.) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and Phase I clinical trials initiated for two small molecule therapeutics, 1) anti-sense phosphorodiamidate morphino oligomers (PMOs: AVI-6002, AVI-6003), and 2) lipid-nanoparticle/small interfering RNA (LNP/siRNA: TKM-Ebola). These potential alternatives to vector-based vaccines require multiple doses to achieve therapeutic efficacy which is not ideal with regard to patient compliance and outbreak scenarios. These concerns have fueled a quest for even better vaccination and treatment strategies. Here, we summarize recent advances in vaccines or post-exposure therapeutics for prevention of Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The utility of novel pharmaceutical approaches to refine and overcome barriers associated with the most promising therapeutic platforms will also be discussed. PMID:23813435

Linguistic experience and audio-visual perception of non-native fricatives.

PubMed

Wang, Yue; Behne, Dawn M; Jiang, Haisheng

2008-09-01

This study examined the effects of linguistic experience on audio-visual (AV) perception of non-native (L2) speech. Canadian English natives and Mandarin Chinese natives differing in degree of English exposure [long and short length of residence (LOR) in Canada] were presented with English fricatives of three visually distinct places of articulation: interdentals nonexistent in Mandarin and labiodentals and alveolars common in both languages. Stimuli were presented in quiet and in a cafe-noise background in four ways: audio only (A), visual only (V), congruent AV (AVc), and incongruent AV (AVi). Identification results showed that overall performance was better in the AVc than in the A or V condition and better in quiet than in cafe noise. While the Mandarin long LOR group approximated the native English patterns, the short LOR group showed poorer interdental identification, more reliance on visual information, and greater AV-fusion with the AVi materials, indicating the failure of L2 visual speech category formation with the short LOR non-natives and the positive effects of linguistic experience with the long LOR non-natives. These results point to an integrated network in AV speech processing as a function of linguistic background and provide evidence to extend auditory-based L2 speech learning theories to the visual domain.

Hot-wire anemometry in hypersonic helium flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wagner, R. D.; Weinstein, L. M.

1974-01-01

Hot-wire anemometry techniques are described that have been developed and used for hypersonic-helium-flow studies. The short run time available dictated certain innovations in applying conventional hot-wire techniques. Some examples are given to show the application of the techniques used. Modifications to conventional equipment are described, including probe modifications and probe heating controls.

Parasite Prevalence Corresponds to Host Life History in a Diverse Assemblage of Afrotropical Birds and Haemosporidian Parasites

PubMed Central

Lutz, Holly L.; Hochachka, Wesley M.; Engel, Joshua I.; Bell, Jeffrey A.; Tkach, Vasyl V.; Bates, John M.; Hackett, Shannon J.; Weckstein, Jason D.

2015-01-01

Avian host life history traits have been hypothesized to predict rates of infection by haemosporidian parasites. Using molecular techniques, we tested this hypothesis for parasites from three haemosporidian genera (Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon) collected from a diverse sampling of birds in northern Malawi. We found that host life history traits were significantly associated with parasitism rates by all three parasite genera. Nest type and nest location predicted infection probability for all three parasite genera, whereas flocking behavior is an important predictor of Plasmodium and Haemoproteus infection and habitat is an important predictor of Leucocytozoon infection. Parasite prevalence was 79.1% across all individuals sampled, higher than that reported for comparable studies from any other region of the world. Parasite diversity was also exceptionally high, with 248 parasite cytochrome b lineages identified from 152 host species. A large proportion of Plasmodium, Haemoproteus, and Leucocytozoon parasite DNA sequences identified in this study represent new, previously undocumented lineages (n = 201; 81% of total identified) based on BLAST queries against the avian malaria database, MalAvi. PMID:25853491

Aviso: altimetry products and services in 2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosmorduc, Vinca; Bronner, Emilie; Maheu, Caroline; Mertz, Françoise

2013-04-01

Since the launch of Topex/Poseidon, more than 20 years ago, satellite altimetry has evolved in parallel with the user community and oceanography. As a result of this evolution, we now have: - A bigger choice of products, more and more easy-to-use, spanning complete GDRs to pre-computed sea level anomalies and gridded datasets and indicators such as MSL index or ENSO index. - a mature approach, combining altimetric data from various satellites and merging data acquired using different observation techniques, including altimetry, to give us a global view of the ocean; - data available in real or near-real time for operational use. Different services are available either to choose between the various datasets, or to download, extract or even visualize the data. An Ipad-Iphone application, AvisOcean has also been opened in September 2012, for information about the data and their updates. 2013 will see major changes in Aviso data distribution, both in data products themselves and in their distribution, including an online extraction tool in preparation (Online Data Extraction Service). An overview of available products & services, how to access them today, will be presented.

Le programme de sciences de la nature. Avis a la ministre de l'enseignement superieur et de la science (The Natural Sciences Program. Advisory to the Minister of Higher Education and Science).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conseil des Colleges, Quebec (Quebec).

A series of recommendations developed by the Council of Colleges of the Colleges of General and Professional Education (CEGEP) in Quebec (Canada) are presented in this report to the Ministry of Higher Education and Science for redesigning the CEGEP's natural sciences curriculum. The proposed reforms are designed to meet legislative requirements…

30 CFR 950.15 - Approval of Wyoming regulatory program amendments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...), (ba), 3(b)(i); Ch II, §§ 3(a)(vi)(E), (M), (b)(xvi)(D), (xx), (v)(C); Ch IV, §§ 3(d)(vii), (e)(i)(H...(am);Chap. 1, Section 2(ao); Chap. 1, Section 2(ap); Chap. 1, Section 2(as); Chap. 1, Section 2(az... relocated rules. [62 FR 9958, Mar. 5, 1997, as amended at 64 FR 53208, Oct. 1, 1999; 67 FR 67547, Nov. 6...

Expandable Shelter/Container Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-06-01

transportability , offers limited work space, and because it requIres a ded i cated tractor, imposes an additiona l maintenance and logistica l burden on...Porta bl e, Avi ation Maintenance (SPNI) studied the requirements of transportability and f l oor space, and also consi dered costs I nvolved In...shop configuration of the ES/C , w hi ch was the only configurat ion that MASSTER was tasked to evaluate, prov i des adequate space for the

RDT&E/Acquisition Management Guide. Revision.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-01-01

libraries s , that rIaincd librai staff comprehensive, coordinated Scientif k, and lekh- ca.n assist RI)!& pets n~rnc, I e ri nical Information Program ( S ...A179 010 RDTAE/ACOUISITIOi MNAGEMENT GUIDE REVISIOI(U) 1/ N S --5-RDEPARTMENT OF THE AVY WASHINGTON DC JAN 87 UNCLASSIFIED F/ 5/ UL mmhhmmhhmhhhlm...DCASR Defense Contract Administration Sersices ASN (R.E& S ) Assistant Secretary of the Navy (Research, Region Engineering, and Systems) DCNO (- Deputy

The Budget Scoring Alternatives Financing Methods for Defense Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-30

The government grants a franchise to a private partner to finance, design, build and operate a facility for a specific period of time. Ownership of...of an automobile from Avis implies no ownership . However, leases can be structured in an almost limitless number of complex arrangements in which...satisfy the following stringent criteria: Ownership of the asset remains with the lessor during the term of the lease and is not transferred to the

SJA Deskbook

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-10-01

34any officer or person in command or charge" of the military installation concerned. United States v. Ramirez Seijo, 281 F. Supp. 708, 710 (D.C. Puerto...for the bar letter. In United States v. Ramirez Seijo, supra, knowledge was not established where the defendant’s father signed the registered- mail...N.AViNSGEN will v:,c case involving a substantiated allegation until action is taken ani ,-p,. rua 6433 GENERAL PROVISIONS A. Betntionof Doc,.n-nt

Navy Technical Information Presentation System (NTIPS) Test and Implementation Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-12-01

IC AROEROCK I NAOI S ~ i P RF R M N C AVI AT OIO N A N DDEPARTMENT STIPRUCTRMNES COMPUATIONAN DEPARTMENT -MATHEMATICS AND 17 LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT leI...and Subtitle) S . TYPE OF REPORT & PERIOD COVERED NAVY TECHNICAL INFORMATION PRESENTATION Final SYSTEM (NTIPS) TEST AND IMPLEMENTATION 6. PERFORMING...CLASSIFICATION OP THIS PAGE (1nor. Data Enteed) ock 20 continued) system operation, training, maintenance, and logistics support. This system was

Classroom Management Through the Application of Behavior Modification Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferinden, William E., Jr.

The primary aim of this book is to bring to the grade school teacher a survey of the most recent techniques and ideas of behavior modification which are applicable to good classroom management. All of the approaches and techniques presented could be of interest to teachers working at all grade levels. Since research has shown that the systematic…

Behavior Modification in the Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitman, Mryon; Whitman, Joan

1971-01-01

This article presents the theoretical rationale for behavior modification, principally through its comparison with traditional psychotherapies, and suggests some behavior modification techniques for the classroom management of maladaptive behavior. (Author)

A Review of Some Alternative Approaches to Drug Management of Hyperactivity in Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walden, Everett L.; Thompson, Sheila A.

1981-01-01

Literature is cited on such classroom management techniques as environmental manipulations, curriculum modifications, behavior modification, and dealing with affective attitude. Also considered are home management techniques and self-control programs including biofeedback and relaxation training. (SB)

Opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing, Part II: Long-term effects on bone characteristics of adult laying hens at the end-of-lay.

PubMed

Casey-Trott, T M; Korver, D R; Guerin, M T; Sandilands, V; Torrey, S; Widowski, T M

2017-08-01

Osteoporosis in laying hens has been a production and welfare concern for several decades. The objective of this study was to determine whether differing opportunities for exercise during pullet rearing influences long-term bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. A secondary objective was to assess whether differing opportunities for exercise in adult housing systems alters bone quality characteristics in end-of-lay hens. Four flock replicates of 588 Lohmann Selected Leghorn-Lite pullets were reared in either conventional cages (Conv) or an aviary rearing system (Avi) and placed into conventional cages (CC), 30-bird furnished cages (FC-S), or 60-bird furnished cages (FC-L) for adult housing. Wing and leg bones were collected at the end-of-lay to quantify bone composition and strength using quantitative computed tomography and bone breaking strength (BBS). At the end-of-lay, Avi hens had greater total and cortical cross-sectional area (P < 0.05) for the radius and tibia, greater total bone mineral content of the radius (P < 0.001), and greater tibial cortical bone mineral content (P = 0.029) than the Conv hens; however, total bone mineral density of the radius (P < 0.001) and cortical bone mineral density of the radius and tibia (P < 0.001) were greater in the Conv hens. Hens in the FC-L had greater total bone mineral density for the radius and tibia (P < 0.05) and greater trabecular bone mineral density for the radius (P = 0.027), compared to hens in the FC-S and CC. Total bone mineral content of the tibia (P = 0.030) and cortical bone mineral content of the radius (P = 0.030) and tibia (P = 0.013) were greater in the FC-L compared to the CC. The humerus of Conv hens had greater BBS than the Avi hens (P < 0.001), and the tibiae of FC-L and FC-S hens had greater BBS than CC hens (P = 0.006). Increased opportunities for exercise offered by the aviary rearing system provided improved bone quality characteristics lasting through to the end-of-lay. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Poultry Science Association.

Impact of Aortic Valve Calcification, as Measured by MDCT, on Survival in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

PubMed Central

Clavel, Marie-Annick; Pibarot, Philippe; Messika-Zeitoun, David; Capoulade, Romain; Malouf, Joseph; Aggarval, Shivani; Araoz, Phillip A.; Michelena, Hector I.; Cueff, Caroline; Larose, Eric; Miller, Jordan D.; Vahanian, Alec; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND Aortic valve calcification (AVC) load measures lesion severity in aortic stenosis (AS) and is useful for diagnostic purposes. Whether AVC predicts survival after diagnosis, independent of clinical and Doppler echocardiographic AS characteristics, has not been studied. OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the impact of AVC load, absolute and relative to aortic annulus size (AVCdensity), on overall mortality in patients with AS under conservative treatment and without regard to treatment. METHODS In 3 academic centers, we enrolled 794 patients (mean age, 73 ± 12 years; 274 women) diagnosed with AS by Doppler echocardiography who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) within the same episode of care. Absolute AVC load and AVCdensity (ratio of absolute AVC to cross-sectional area of aortic annulus) were measured, and severe AVC was separately defined in men and women. RESULTS During follow-up, there were 440 aortic valve implantations (AVIs) and 194 deaths (115 under medical treatment). Univariate analysis showed strong association of absolute AVC and AVCdensity with survival (both, p < 0.0001) with a spline curve analysis pattern of threshold and plateau of risk. After adjustment for age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes, symptoms, AS severity on hemodynamic assessment, and LV ejection fraction, severe absolute AVC (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 2.92; p = 0.03) or severe AVCdensity (adjusted HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.37 to 4.37; p = 0.002) independently predicted mortality under medical treatment, with additive model predictive value (all, p ≤ 0.04) and a net reclassification index of 12.5% (p = 0.04). Severe absolute AVC (adjusted HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.62; p = 0.01) and severe AVCdensity (adjusted HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.52; p = 0.001) also independently predicted overall mortality, even with adjustment for time-dependent AVI. CONCLUSIONS This large-scale, multicenter outcomes study of quantitative Doppler echocardiographic and MDCT assessment of AS shows that measuring AVC load provides incremental prognostic value for survival beyond clinical and Doppler echocardiographic assessment. Severe AVC independently predicts excess mortality after AS diagnosis, which is greatly alleviated by AVI. Thus, measurement of AVC by MDCT should be considered for not only diagnostic but also risk-stratification purposes in patients with AS. PMID:25236511

47 CFR 15.251 - Operation within the bands 2.9-3.26 GHz, 3.267-3.332 GHz, 3.339-3.3458 GHz, and 3.358-3.6 GHz.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... exceed 3000 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters in any direction. Further, an AVIS, when in its operating position, shall not produce a field strength greater than 400 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters in any... maximum of 100 microvolts/meter/MHz at 3 meters, measured from 30 MHz to 20 GHz for the complete system...

Budget Scoring: An Impediment to Alternative Financing

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-06

from Avis implies no ownership . However, leases can be structured in an almost limitless number of complex arrangements in which all terms are... Ownership of the asset remains with the lessor during the term of the lease and is not transferred to the Government at or shortly after the end of...not built to unique specification for the Government as lessee. 6) There is a private-sector market for the asset. 7) Risks of ownership of the

Les programmes revises: Amenagement forestier, interpretation theatrale. Avis a la ministre de l'Enseignement superieur et de la Science (Revised Programs: Forest Management, Theater Arts. Advisory to the Minister of Higher Education and Science).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conseil des Colleges, Quebec (Quebec).

This two-part report contains an analyses conducted by the Council of Colleges, in Quebec, of proposed revisions to programs in Forestry Management and Theater Arts offered by the province's public colleges. First, the report considers existing and proposed forestry programs in terms of their relationship to the current practices in the forestry…

Summary and Review of the Tectonic Structure of Eurasia. Part 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-05

DTIC TAB Just tIcjat DIstrju1j D it i AVi Dis a2 INTRODUCTION An extensive search of the available geologic and geo- physical literature dealing...with the crust and upper mantle properties of the U.S.S.R. and Eurasia has been conducted. During the past 25 years a vast amount of deep seismic...boundaries for these provinces were drawn after considering geologic evolution. Seismic activity, heat flow, Moho properties , crustal properties

Effects of Long-term Physical Training on the Bearers of a Float during the Nagasaki Kunchi Festival.

PubMed

Shibata, Shigemori; Kawano, Hiroaki; Maemura, Koji

Objective The Nagasaki Kunchi Festival is one of the most famous festivals in Nagasaki. The bearers the floats that are used in this festival undergo long-term training for the performance. However, there have not been any studies on the effects of this training on the health of the float bearers. Methods Thirty-four men ranging in age from 20 to 49 years (mean age: 35.77.6 years) were included in the study. We examined the following parameters before and after the training: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, muscle volume, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), pulse pressure (PP), bearing power, arterial pressure volume index (API), and arterial velocity pulse index (AVI). Results For all participants, the BW, BMI, body fat percentage, and PR were significantly decreased, and the muscle volume and bearing power were significantly increased after the training; however, there were no significant changes in the SBP, DBP, PP, API, or AVI. In the participants with hypertension, in addition to decreases in BW, BMI, body fat percentage, PR, and PP, the SBP, DBP, and API were significantly decreased after the training. Conclusion Training for bearing a float during Nagasaki Kunchi effectively improved the body structure of all participants and reduced the BP and API in participants with hypertension.

Effects of Long-term Physical Training on the Bearers of a Float during the Nagasaki Kunchi Festival

PubMed Central

Shibata, Shigemori; Kawano, Hiroaki; Maemura, Koji

2017-01-01

Objective The Nagasaki Kunchi Festival is one of the most famous festivals in Nagasaki. The bearers the floats that are used in this festival undergo long-term training for the performance. However, there have not been any studies on the effects of this training on the health of the float bearers. Methods Thirty-four men ranging in age from 20 to 49 years (mean age: 35.7±7.6 years) were included in the study. We examined the following parameters before and after the training: body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage, muscle volume, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), pulse rate (PR), pulse pressure (PP), bearing power, arterial pressure volume index (API), and arterial velocity pulse index (AVI). Results For all participants, the BW, BMI, body fat percentage, and PR were significantly decreased, and the muscle volume and bearing power were significantly increased after the training; however, there were no significant changes in the SBP, DBP, PP, API, or AVI. In the participants with hypertension, in addition to decreases in BW, BMI, body fat percentage, PR, and PP, the SBP, DBP, and API were significantly decreased after the training. Conclusion Training for bearing a float during Nagasaki Kunchi effectively improved the body structure of all participants and reduced the BP and API in participants with hypertension. PMID:28049988

Real-time portable system for fabric defect detection using an ARM processor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernandez-Gallego, J. A.; Yañez-Puentes, J. P.; Ortiz-Jaramillo, B.; Alvarez, J.; Orjuela-Vargas, S. A.; Philips, W.

2012-06-01

Modern textile industry seeks to produce textiles as little defective as possible since the presence of defects can decrease the final price of products from 45% to 65%. Automated visual inspection (AVI) systems, based on image analysis, have become an important alternative for replacing traditional inspections methods that involve human tasks. An AVI system gives the advantage of repeatability when implemented within defined constrains, offering more objective and reliable results for particular tasks than human inspection. Costs of automated inspection systems development can be reduced using modular solutions with embedded systems, in which an important advantage is the low energy consumption. Among the possibilities for developing embedded systems, the ARM processor has been explored for acquisition, monitoring and simple signal processing tasks. In a recent approach we have explored the use of the ARM processor for defects detection by implementing the wavelet transform. However, the computation speed of the preprocessing was not yet sufficient for real time applications. In this approach we significantly improve the preprocessing speed of the algorithm, by optimizing matrix operations, such that it is adequate for a real time application. The system was tested for defect detection using different defect types. The paper is focused in giving a detailed description of the basis of the algorithm implementation, such that other algorithms may use of the ARM operations for fast implementations.

Newly Developed Techniques on Polycondensation, Ring-Opening Polymerization and Polymer Modification: Focus on Poly(Lactic Acid)

PubMed Central

Hu, Yunzi; Daoud, Walid A.; Cheuk, Kevin Ka Leung; Lin, Carol Sze Ki

2016-01-01

Polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization are two important polymer synthesis methods. Poly(lactic acid), the most typical biodegradable polymer, has been researched extensively from 1900s. It is of significant importance to have an up-to-date review on the recent improvement in techniques for biodegradable polymers. This review takes poly(lactic acid) as the example to present newly developed polymer synthesis techniques on polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization reported in the recent decade (2005–2015) on the basis of industrial technique modifications and advanced laboratory research. Different polymerization methods, including various solvents, heating programs, reaction apparatus and catalyst systems, are summarized and compared with the current industrial production situation. Newly developed modification techniques for polymer properties improvement are also discussed based on the case of poly(lactic acid). PMID:28773260

Study on modification of the Misgav Ladach method for cesarean section.

PubMed

Li, M; Zou, L; Zhu, J

2001-01-01

172 cases of pregnant women scheduled for delivery by cesarean section were randomly assigned to 59 cases in modification group with modified Misgav Ladach technique, 57 cases in Misgav Ladach group with Misgav Ladach technique and 56 cases in Pfannenstiel group with Pfannenstiel technique from May to Dec. 1999. The modified points included: transversely incising the fascia 2 to 3 cm, then dividing it bluntly; without opening and dissociating the visceral peritoneum; two layers suturing of low transverse uterine incision; closing the skin by continuous suturing. Results showed the average delivery time in the modification group was (3.6 +/- 2.6) min and (5.7 +/- 2.9) min in the Misgav Ladach group (P < 0.05). Median operating time was (28.3 +/- 5.4) min in modification group compared with (27.5 +/- 6.5) min in the Misgav Ladach group (P > 0.05). Average blood loss was (128 +/- 35) ml in modification group compared with (212 +/- 147) ml in the Pfannenstiel group (P < 0.05). It was concluded that the modified Misgav Ladach technique not only preserved all advantages of Misgav Ladach method, but also had additional advantages, such as faster in delivering the fetus, less damage, easier mastering for obstetricians.

Ecological Effects of Weather Modification: A Problem Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cooper, Charles F.; Jolly, William C.

This publication reviews the potential hazards to the environment of weather modification techniques as they eventually become capable of producing large scale weather pattern modifications. Such weather modifications could result in ecological changes which would generally require several years to be fully evident, including the alteration of…

Classification of antibiotics by neural network analysis of optical resonance data of whispering gallery modes in dielectric microspheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saetchnikov, Vladimir A.; Tcherniavskaia, Elina A.; Schweiger, Gustav; Ostendorf, Andreas

2012-04-01

A novel emerging technique for the label-free analysis of nanoparticles and biomolecules in liquid fluids using optical micro cavity resonance of whispering-gallery-type modes is being developed.A scheme based on polymer microspheres fixed by adhesive on the evanescence wave coupling element has been used. We demonstrated that the only spectral shift can't be used for identification of biological agents by developed approach. So neural network classifier for biological agents and micro/nano particles classification has been developed. The developed technique is the following. While tuning the laser wavelength images were recorded as avi-file. All sequences were broken into single frames and the location of the resonance was allocated in each frame. The image was filtered for noise reduction and integrated over two coordinates for evaluation of integrated energy of a measured signal. As input data normalized resonance shift of whispering-gallery modes and the relative efficiency of whispering-gallery modes excitation were used. Other parameters such as polarization of excited light, "center of gravity" of a resonance spectra etc. are also tested as input data for probabilistic neural network. After network designing and training we estimated the accuracy of classification. The classification of antibiotics such as penicillin and cephasolin have been performed with the accuracy of not less 97 %. Developed techniques can be used for lab-on-chip sensor based diagnostic tools as for identification of different biological molecules, e.g. proteins, oligonucleotides, oligosaccharides, lipids, small molecules, viral particles, cells and for dynamics of a delivery of medicines to bodies.

Simultaneous F 0-F 1 modifications of Arabic for the improvement of natural-sounding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ykhlef, F.; Bensebti, M.

2013-03-01

Pitch (F 0) modification is one of the most important problems in the area of speech synthesis. Several techniques have been developed in the literature to achieve this goal. The main restrictions of these techniques are in the modification range and the synthesised speech quality, intelligibility and naturalness. The control of formants in a spoken language can significantly improve the naturalness of the synthesised speech. This improvement is mainly dependent on the control of the first formant (F 1). Inspired by this observation, this article proposes a new approach that modifies both F 0 and F 1 of Arabic voiced sounds in order to improve the naturalness of the pitch shifted speech. The developed strategy takes a parallel processing approach, in which the analysis segments are decomposed into sub-bands in the wavelet domain, modified in the desired sub-band by using a resampling technique and reconstructed without affecting the remained sub-bands. Pitch marking and voicing detection are performed in the frequency decomposition step based on the comparison of the multi-level approximation and detail signals. The performance of the proposed technique is evaluated by listening tests and compared to the pitch synchronous overlap and add (PSOLA) technique in the third approximation level. Experimental results have shown that the manipulation in the wavelet domain of F 0 in conjunction with F 1 guarantees natural-sounding of the synthesised speech compared to the classical pitch modification technique. This improvement was appropriate for high pitch modifications.

Behavior Modification Techniques. I: Overcorrection. II: Punishment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sovner, Robert, Ed.; Hurley, Anne Des Noyers, Ed.

1983-01-01

Two newsletters review the principles and application of two behavior modification techniques with mentally retarded persons: overcorrection and punishment. Overcorrection may be either restitutional, in which the client is made to restore the environment to a far better state than before the inappropriate behavior occurred, or positive practice…

Techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Nomenclature and selection.

PubMed

Haribhakti, Sanjiv P; Mistry, Jitendra H

2015-01-01

There are more than 50 different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) available in literature mainly due to modifications by surgeons in aim to improve postoperative outcome and cosmesis. These modifications include reduction in port size and/or number than what is used in standard LC. There is no uniform nomenclature to describe these different techniques so that it is not possible to compare the outcomes of different techniques. We brief the advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques and suggest the situation where particular technique would be useful. We also propose a nomenclature which is easy to remember and apply, so that any future comparison will be possible between the techniques.

Approximate techniques of structural reanalysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noor, A. K.; Lowder, H. E.

1974-01-01

A study is made of two approximate techniques for structural reanalysis. These include Taylor series expansions for response variables in terms of design variables and the reduced-basis method. In addition, modifications to these techniques are proposed to overcome some of their major drawbacks. The modifications include a rational approach to the selection of the reduced-basis vectors and the use of Taylor series approximation in an iterative process. For the reduced basis a normalized set of vectors is chosen which consists of the original analyzed design and the first-order sensitivity analysis vectors. The use of the Taylor series approximation as a first (initial) estimate in an iterative process, can lead to significant improvements in accuracy, even with one iteration cycle. Therefore, the range of applicability of the reanalysis technique can be extended. Numerical examples are presented which demonstrate the gain in accuracy obtained by using the proposed modification techniques, for a wide range of variations in the design variables.

Mainstreaming: Sharing Ideas, Strategies, Materials, Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hillside School, Cushing, OK.

The manual provides teaching approaches based on a model of least to highest modification of instruction, which may be used for a continuum of special education placements ranging from regular classroom through hospital settings. The first section on adaptive techniques (requiring the least modification) includes suggestions to adjust time for…

Two Student Self-Management Techniques Applied to Data-Based Program Modification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wesson, Caren

Two student self-management techniques, student charting and student selection of instructional activities, were applied to ongoing data-based program modification. Forty-two elementary school resource room students were assigned randomly (within teacher) to one of three treatment conditions: Teacher Chart-Teacher Select Instructional Activities…

L'enseignement de l'anglais dans les colleges anglophones. Avis au ministre de l'enseignement superieur et de la science (English Instruction in English-Speaking Colleges. Advisory to the Minister of Higher Education and Science).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conseil des Colleges, Quebec (Quebec).

The quality of language is a matter of concern in numerous educational systems throughout the world. In Quebec, questions of the health of both the French and English languages take on particular importance. This report makes a series of proposals to the Ministry of Higher Education and Science designed to ensure the coherence and quality of…

Quasi-Square Hole with Optimum Shape in an Infinite Plate Subjected to In-Plane Loading. Optimization of Inner and Outer Boundaries of Beams and Plates with Holes,

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-04-01

Division 045 Administracion Naval Ship Resarc; and Development 14114 (Technical Library) Structures Research Division Center Langley Research Center...Virginia 23607 university of California. San Diego Dr. J. L. Swedlow Department of Applied Mechanics Carnegie-Mellon University La Jolla, California...Batdorf Keman AviDyne Suite 220 University of California Division of Kaman La Jolla, California 92037 School of Engineering Sciences Corporation and

Solar Energy Enhancement Using Down-converting Particles: A Rigorous Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-06

Solar energy enhancement using down-converting particles: A rigorous approach Ze’ev R. Abrams,1,2 Avi Niv ,2 and Xiang Zhang2,3,a) 1Applied Science...System 1. 114905-2 Abrams, Niv , and Zhang J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114905 (2011) [This article is copyrighted as indicated in the article. Reuse of AIP...This increase per band-gap is displayed in 114905-3 Abrams, Niv , and Zhang J. Appl. Phys. 109, 114905 (2011) [This article is copyrighted as indicated

Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Military Testing Association (19th), 17-21 October 1977, San Antonio, Texas

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-11-01

to-?ir kills, especially since we will probably be atle to field only a relatively small number of fighter pilots in future wars. Fighter pilots have...Education and Training, Information, And Legal, too many colonel positlons were allocated. Overall, many jobs wer found to be undergraded, especially at the...t preparing the final eppmntice progress/status report, 4e avy C :-vs educacion specialist will regard previous work experience as distri±xtnd

Near Real Time VHF Telemetry of Near Shore Oceanographic Data

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-01

drecktion. but can also measure temperature , pressure ’ind coniductnit:\\ N1 ic ,- ttd w tXt.i uuall have sevecral recording current meters Nverticalix sPaICed...hich can comne fr-om other transmiissions, man-made static. atmo~lteic s tic c cni emsions and receiver temperature -inducedl noise. NI oiatonschieme...Sea Surface Temperature (SSTL DNISP Microwave Imcer iSS!I I) and Advanced Vern Ilih Resolution Radiometer (AVI RR). NIPRFs’ interest is to provide the

2011 Joint Service Power Expo. Volume 2. Video Files

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-05

Untitled Document 2011power.html[3/22/2016 1:21:48 PM] Files are in Adobe, AVCHD Video (.m2ts), .avi format, MPEG-4 Movie (.mp4), and Windows Media...Development, ABSL Power Solutions Inc. 12799 - “Utilization of a Ducted Wind Turbine in a Trailer -Mounted Renewable Energy Micro-grid”, Mr. Mark Matthews, VP...of Sales and Marketing, WindTamer Corporation and Mr. Adeeb Saba WindTamer MPEG-4 Movie (.mp4) SESSION 16 On-Board Vehicle Power (OBVP) 1

Oligonucleotide Antiviral Therapeutics: Antisense and RNA Interference for Highly Pathogenic RNA Viruses

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

siRNA delivery method in his animal model, it remains to be studied whether this general pproach is safe in humans. Often cited as an advantage of siRNAs...way studying the intravenous delivery f ASO drug candidates targeting Bcl-2 (Genasense®, Genta) nd c-myc (Resten-NG®, AVI BioPharma), while completed... studies have been published investigating MOs as a treatment for EBOV infection, with both showing fficacy in animal models. PMOs were designed to

A tandem regression-outlier analysis of a ligand cellular system for key structural modifications around ligand binding.

PubMed

Lin, Ying-Ting

2013-04-30

A tandem technique of hard equipment is often used for the chemical analysis of a single cell to first isolate and then detect the wanted identities. The first part is the separation of wanted chemicals from the bulk of a cell; the second part is the actual detection of the important identities. To identify the key structural modifications around ligand binding, the present study aims to develop a counterpart of tandem technique for cheminformatics. A statistical regression and its outliers act as a computational technique for separation. A PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) agonist cellular system was subjected to such an investigation. Results show that this tandem regression-outlier analysis, or the prioritization of the context equations tagged with features of the outliers, is an effective regression technique of cheminformatics to detect key structural modifications, as well as their tendency of impact to ligand binding. The key structural modifications around ligand binding are effectively extracted or characterized out of cellular reactions. This is because molecular binding is the paramount factor in such ligand cellular system and key structural modifications around ligand binding are expected to create outliers. Therefore, such outliers can be captured by this tandem regression-outlier analysis.

A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques.

PubMed

Khalil, Hesham

2014-01-01

The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common injection technique used in dentistry and many modifications of the conventional nerve block have been recently described in the literature. Selecting the best technique by the dentist or surgeon depends on many factors including the success rate and complications related to the selected technique. Dentists should be aware of the available current modifications of the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques in order to effectively choose between these modifications. Some operators may encounter difficulty in identifying the anatomical landmarks which are useful in applying the inferior alveolar nerve block and rely instead on assumptions as to where the needle should be positioned. Such assumptions can lead to failure and the failure rate of inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be 20-25% which is considered very high. In this basic review, the anatomical details of the inferior alveolar nerve will be given together with a description of its both conventional and modified blocking techniques; in addition, an overview of the complications which may result from the application of this important technique will be mentioned.

A basic review on the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques

PubMed Central

Khalil, Hesham

2014-01-01

The inferior alveolar nerve block is the most common injection technique used in dentistry and many modifications of the conventional nerve block have been recently described in the literature. Selecting the best technique by the dentist or surgeon depends on many factors including the success rate and complications related to the selected technique. Dentists should be aware of the available current modifications of the inferior alveolar nerve block techniques in order to effectively choose between these modifications. Some operators may encounter difficulty in identifying the anatomical landmarks which are useful in applying the inferior alveolar nerve block and rely instead on assumptions as to where the needle should be positioned. Such assumptions can lead to failure and the failure rate of inferior alveolar nerve block has been reported to be 20-25% which is considered very high. In this basic review, the anatomical details of the inferior alveolar nerve will be given together with a description of its both conventional and modified blocking techniques; in addition, an overview of the complications which may result from the application of this important technique will be mentioned. PMID:25886095

Techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy: Nomenclature and selection

PubMed Central

Haribhakti, Sanjiv P.; Mistry, Jitendra H.

2015-01-01

There are more than 50 different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) available in literature mainly due to modifications by surgeons in aim to improve postoperative outcome and cosmesis. These modifications include reduction in port size and/or number than what is used in standard LC. There is no uniform nomenclature to describe these different techniques so that it is not possible to compare the outcomes of different techniques. We brief the advantages and disadvantages of each of these techniques and suggest the situation where particular technique would be useful. We also propose a nomenclature which is easy to remember and apply, so that any future comparison will be possible between the techniques. PMID:25883450

Graphic/symbol segmentation for Group 4 facsimile systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deutermann, A. R.

1982-04-01

The purpose of this study was to examine possible techniques for and symbol areas, and assemble a code that represents the entire document. Parameters to be considered include compression, commonality with facsimile and TELETEX* transmissions, and complexity of implementation. Six segmentation technique were selected for analysis. The techniques were designed to differ from each other as much as possible, so as to display a wide variety of characteristics. For each technique, many minor modifications would be possible, but it is not expected that these modifications would alter the conclusions drawn from the study.

Aviso: altimetry products & services in 2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mertz, F.; Bronner, E.; Rosmorduc, V.; Maheu, C.

2013-12-01

Since the launch of Topex/Poseidon, more than 20 years ago, satellite altimetry has evolved in parallel with the user community and oceanography. As a result of this evolution, we now have: - a wide range of products, more and more easy-to-use, spanning complete GDRs to pre-computed sea level anomalies, gridded datasets and indicators such as MSL index or ENSO index. - a wide range of applications in the oceanographic community: ocean observation, biology, climate, ... - a mature approach, combining altimetric data from various satellites and merging data acquired using different observation techniques, including altimetry, to give us a global view of the ocean; - data available in real or near-real time for operational use. Different services are available either to choose between the various datasets, or to download, extract or even visualize the data. An Ipad-Iphone application, AvisOcean has also been opened in September 2012, for information about the data and their updates. 2013 has seen major changes in Aviso data distribution, both in data products themselves and in their distribution, including an online extraction tool in preparation (Online Data Extraction Service). An overview of available products & services, how to access them today, will be presented.

Treating Retentive Encopresis: Dietary Modification and Behavioral Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nabors, Laura; Morgan, Sam B.

1995-01-01

A home-based contingency management program, consisting of diet modification, laxatives, correction for soiling accidents, stimulus control training, and positive reinforcement, was implemented for treatment of a 4-year-old encopretic male. The findings provide evidence supporting the effectiveness of dietary modification combined with behavior…

The double stapling technique for low anterior resection. Results, modifications, and observations.

PubMed Central

Griffen, F D; Knight, C D; Whitaker, J M; Knight, C D

1990-01-01

Since the introduction of the end-to-end anastomosis (EEA) stapler for rectal reconstruction, we have used a modification of the conventional technique in which the lower rectal segment is closed with the linear stapler (TA-55) and the anastomosis is performed using the EEA instrument across the linear staple line (double stapling technique). Our experience with this procedure includes stapled colorectal anastomoses in 75 patients and is the basis for the report. This review presents the details and advantages of the technique and the results. Complications include two patients with anastomotic leak (2.7%), and two with stenosis that required treatment (2.7%). Protective colostomy was not done in this series. There were no deaths. Our experience and that of others suggests that this modification of the EEA technique can allow a lower anastomosis in some patients, and that it can be done with greater safety and facility. Images Fig. 1. Fig. 2. Fig. 3. Fig. 4. Fig. 5. Fig. 6. PMID:2357137

Impact of aortic valve calcification, as measured by MDCT, on survival in patients with aortic stenosis: results of an international registry study.

PubMed

Clavel, Marie-Annick; Pibarot, Philippe; Messika-Zeitoun, David; Capoulade, Romain; Malouf, Joseph; Aggarval, Shivani; Araoz, Phillip A; Michelena, Hector I; Cueff, Caroline; Larose, Eric; Miller, Jordan D; Vahanian, Alec; Enriquez-Sarano, Maurice

2014-09-23

Aortic valve calcification (AVC) load measures lesion severity in aortic stenosis (AS) and is useful for diagnostic purposes. Whether AVC predicts survival after diagnosis, independent of clinical and Doppler echocardiographic AS characteristics, has not been studied. This study evaluated the impact of AVC load, absolute and relative to aortic annulus size (AVCdensity), on overall mortality in patients with AS under conservative treatment and without regard to treatment. In 3 academic centers, we enrolled 794 patients (mean age, 73 ± 12 years; 274 women) diagnosed with AS by Doppler echocardiography who underwent multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) within the same episode of care. Absolute AVC load and AVCdensity (ratio of absolute AVC to cross-sectional area of aortic annulus) were measured, and severe AVC was separately defined in men and women. During follow-up, there were 440 aortic valve implantations (AVIs) and 194 deaths (115 under medical treatment). Univariate analysis showed strong association of absolute AVC and AVCdensity with survival (both, p < 0.0001) with a spline curve analysis pattern of threshold and plateau of risk. After adjustment for age, sex, coronary artery disease, diabetes, symptoms, AS severity on hemodynamic assessment, and LV ejection fraction, severe absolute AVC (adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.75; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.04 to 2.92; p = 0.03) or severe AVCdensity (adjusted HR: 2.44; 95% CI: 1.37 to 4.37; p = 0.002) independently predicted mortality under medical treatment, with additive model predictive value (all, p ≤ 0.04) and a net reclassification index of 12.5% (p = 0.04). Severe absolute AVC (adjusted HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.62; p = 0.01) and severe AVCdensity (adjusted HR: 2.22; 95% CI: 1.40 to 3.52; p = 0.001) also independently predicted overall mortality, even with adjustment for time-dependent AVI. This large-scale, multicenter outcomes study of quantitative Doppler echocardiographic and MDCT assessment of AS shows that measuring AVC load provides incremental prognostic value for survival beyond clinical and Doppler echocardiographic assessment. Severe AVC independently predicts excess mortality after AS diagnosis, which is greatly alleviated by AVI. Thus, measurement of AVC by MDCT should be considered for not only diagnostic but also risk-stratification purposes in patients with AS. Copyright © 2014 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Efficient computational nonlinear dynamic analysis using modal modification response technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marinone, Timothy; Avitabile, Peter; Foley, Jason; Wolfson, Janet

2012-08-01

Generally, structural systems contain nonlinear characteristics in many cases. These nonlinear systems require significant computational resources for solution of the equations of motion. Much of the model, however, is linear where the nonlinearity results from discrete local elements connecting different components together. Using a component mode synthesis approach, a nonlinear model can be developed by interconnecting these linear components with highly nonlinear connection elements. The approach presented in this paper, the Modal Modification Response Technique (MMRT), is a very efficient technique that has been created to address this specific class of nonlinear problem. By utilizing a Structural Dynamics Modification (SDM) approach in conjunction with mode superposition, a significantly smaller set of matrices are required for use in the direct integration of the equations of motion. The approach will be compared to traditional analytical approaches to make evident the usefulness of the technique for a variety of test cases.

No-cost manual method for preparation of tissue microarrays having high quality comparable to semiautomated methods.

PubMed

Foda, Abd Al-Rahman Mohammad

2013-05-01

Manual tissue microarray (TMA) construction had been introduced to avoid the high cost of automated and semiautomated techniques. The cheapest and simplest technique for constructing manual TMA was that of using mechanical pencil tips. This study was carried out to modify this method, aiming to raise its quality to reach that of expensive ones. Some modifications were introduced to Shebl's technique. Two conventional mechanical pencil tips of different diameters were used to construct the recipient blocks. A source of mild heat was used, and blocks were incubated at 38°C overnight. With our modifications, 3 high-density TMA blocks were constructed. We successfully performed immunostaining without substantial tissue loss. Our modifications increased the number of cores per block and improved the stability of the cores within the paraffin block. This new, modified technique is a good alternative for expensive machines in many laboratories.

Specific Sensory Techniques and Sensory Environmental Modifications for Children and Youth With Sensory Integration Difficulties: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Bodison, Stefanie C; Parham, L Diane

This systematic review examined the effectiveness of specific sensory techniques and sensory environmental modifications to improve participation of children with sensory integration (SI) difficulties. Abstracts of 11,436 articles published between January 2007 and May 2015 were examined. Studies were included if designs reflected high levels of evidence, participants demonstrated SI difficulties, and outcome measures addressed function or participation. Eight studies met inclusion criteria. Seven studies evaluated effects of specific sensory techniques for children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Qigong massage, weighted vests, slow swinging, and incorporation of multisensory activities into preschool routines. One study of sensory environmental modifications examined adaptations to a dental clinic for children with ASD. Strong evidence supported Qigong massage, moderate evidence supported sensory modifications to the dental care environment, and limited evidence supported weighted vests. The evidence is insufficient to draw conclusions regarding slow linear swinging and incorporation of multisensory activities into preschool settings. Copyright © 2018 by the American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc.

Local dynamic range compensation for scanning electron microscope imaging system.

PubMed

Sim, K S; Huang, Y H

2015-01-01

This is the extended project by introducing the modified dynamic range histogram modification (MDRHM) and is presented in this paper. This technique is used to enhance the scanning electron microscope (SEM) imaging system. By comparing with the conventional histogram modification compensators, this technique utilizes histogram profiling by extending the dynamic range of each tile of an image to the limit of 0-255 range while retains its histogram shape. The proposed technique yields better image compensation compared to conventional methods. © Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Public perceptions of hurricane modification.

PubMed

Klima, Kelly; Bruine de Bruin, Wändi; Morgan, M Granger; Grossmann, Iris

2012-07-01

If hurricane modification were to become a feasible strategy for potentially reducing hurricane damages, it would likely generate public discourse about whether to support its implementation. To facilitate an informed and constructive discourse, policymakers need to understand how people perceive hurricane modification. Here, we examine Florida residents' perceptions of hurricane modification techniques that aim to alter path and wind speed. Following the mental models approach, we conducted a survey study about public perceptions of hurricane modification that was guided by formative interviews on the topic. We report a set of four primary findings. First, hurricane modification was perceived as a relatively ineffective strategy for damage reduction, compared to other strategies for damage reduction. Second, hurricane modification was expected to lead to changes in projected hurricane path, but not necessarily to the successful reduction of projected hurricane strength. Third, more anger was evoked when a hurricane was described as having changed from the initially forecasted path or strength after an attempted modification. Fourth, unlike what we expected, participants who more strongly agreed with statements that recognized the uncertainty inherent in forecasts reported more rather than less anger at scientists across hurricane modification scenarios. If the efficacy of intensity-reduction techniques can be increased, people may be willing to support hurricane modification. However, such an effort would need to be combined with open and honest communications to members of the general public. © 2011 Society for Risk Analysis.

Laser hardening techniques on steam turbine blade and application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Jianhua; Zhang, Qunli; Kong, Fanzhi; Ding, Qingming

Different laser surface hardening techniques, such as laser alloying and laser solution strengthening were adopted to perform modification treatment on the local region of inset edge for 2Cr13 and 17-4PH steam turbine blades to prolong the life of the blades. The microstructures, microhardness and anti-cavitation properties were investigated on the blades after laser treatment. The hardening mechanism and technique adaptability were researched. Large scale installation practices confirmed that the laser surface modification techniques are safe and reliable, which can improve the properties of blades greatly with advantages of high automation, high quality, little distortion and simple procedure.

Training Secondary School Teachers in Instructional Language Modification Techniques to Support Adolescents with Language Impairment: A Randomized Controlled Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Starling, Julia; Munro, Natalie; Togher, Leanne; Arciuli, Joanne

2012-01-01

Purpose: This study evaluated the efficacy of a collaborative intervention where a speech-language pathologist (SLP) trained mainstream secondary school teachers to make modifications to their oral and written instructional language. The trained teachers' uptake of techniques in their whole-class teaching practices and the impact this had on the…

Abusing the Unprotected: A Study of the Misuse of Aversive Behavior Modification Techniques and Weaknesses in the Regulatory Structure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Commission on Quality of Care for the Mentally Disabled, Albany.

This report examines issues concerned with the use of aversive behavior modification techniques in actual treatment practices at one intermediate care facility for the mentally retarded. The review of these practices reveals how, once the philosophy of using aversives takes hold at a program (to deal with seemingly intractable behaviors), its…

A Modification of Copeyon's Drilling Technique for Making Artificial Red-Cockaded Woodpecker Cavities

Treesearch

William E. Taylor; Robert G. Hooper

1991-01-01

A modification to Copeyon's drilling technique for making highly effective artificial cavities for red-cockaded wookpeckers is described.The changes virtually eliminate the possibility of making a mistake in constructing cavities and reduces the learning time to less than 2 weeks.The basic change is the use of a 3-inch access hole that allows the relative position...

Modifications Of Hydrostatic-Bearing Computer Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hibbs, Robert I., Jr.; Beatty, Robert F.

1991-01-01

Several modifications made to enhance utility of HBEAR, computer program for analysis and design of hydrostatic bearings. Modifications make program applicable to more realistic cases and reduce time and effort necessary to arrive at a suitable design. Uses search technique to iterate on size of orifice to obtain required pressure ratio.

Reliability of the U.S. Army Ambulatory Care Data Base (ACDB) Study: Methodology and Clinical Findings

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

medical record as Flu Symptoms and Inflammation of Mucous Membrane of the Nose. In such cases, the Principal Investigator, in consultation with staff...Nonavailability could have been caused by a patient’s clinical appointment or relocation, personal retention of records, selection of the record for a quality...8217, TENITtlS 233𔃻 CIS VULVA 6141 H1IONIC SAIPINGITIS/OOPHORITIS 2 i-.- 1 Nip"- HYEI;AVI, k 213 SYPILIS 𔃻 4CONSYLOMAIA 6201 CORPiiS LUTEUM CYST ,*N2’. f

Atlas/State Data Abstract for the United States, Fiscal Year 1982

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

Fiorida (FL) 12 28 Georgia (GA) 13 30 Hawaii (HI) 14 32 Idaho 0Ui)) 15 34 Illinois (IL) 16 36 Indiana (IN) 17 38 Iowa (IA) 18 40 Kansas (KS) 19 42... IDAHO 0 25 50 75 100 I I I I’ Sc.I. in Mies ®BOISE * IDAHO FALLS NAVAL NUCLEAR POWER r TRAINING UNIT MOUNTAIN HOME AFB 48 • NAT. GUARD LINCOLN...INDUSTRIAL OTHER (NHO. @ 9 < TRAINING; ETC.) DEPOT&SUPPLY D ɠ> 34 IDAHO FISCAL YEAR 1982 (DOLLARS IN THOUSANDS) I N avy. I Other Personnel/Expenditures

Proceedings of the Symposium on the Effect of the Ionosphere on Space and Terrestrial Systems (1978) Held on January 24 - 26 1978

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

experimental avi- of the Institute of Navigaton Ar ospaco dence selative to the stability of group velocity eeting, Denver, Colorado, April .3-14, 1977. to the...data groups correlated but nevertheless indicates that. magnetic activity is a stronger control than solar activity at these high latitudes, perhaps by... groups . The first esters T and p are ottained by performing a involves gecerel results that pertain to the log-Itneer. least-equares fit to the phase

Gonioscopy-assisted Transluminal Trabeculotomy (GATT): Thermal Suture Modification With a Dye-stained Rounded Tip.

PubMed

Grover, Davinder S; Fellman, Ronald L

2016-06-01

To describe a novel technique for thermally marking the tip of a suture, in preparation for a gonioscopy-assisted transluminal trabeculotomy. One patient was used as an example for this technique. Technique report. The authors introduce a modification of a novel surgical procedure (GATT) in which a suture is marked and thermally blunted allowing a proper visualization while performing an ab interno, minimally invasive, circumferential 360-degree suture trabeculotomy. The authors have previously reported on the GATT surgery with the use of an illuminated microcatheter, which allowed for visualization of the tip of the catheter as it circumnavigated Schlemm canal. This modification allows for similar visualization of the tip of the suture, however, is much more cost-effective while still maintaining similar safety.

Surface modification of medical implant materials with hydrophilic polymers for enhanced biocompatibility and delivery of therapeutic agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Urbaniak, Daniel J.

2004-11-01

In the research reported here, the surface modification of medical grade poly(dimethyl siloxane), polyetherurethane, and stainless steel through gamma-radiation grafting of hydrophilic polymers was investigated. Emphasis was placed on developing improved and simplified surface modification methods that produce more stable and more bioacceptible hydrophilic graft surfaces. As a result of this research, new surface modification techniques were developed that yield significantly improved surface stability unachievable using previous surface modification techniques. The surface modification of poly(dimethyl siloxane) with hydrophilic polymers was carried out using gamma radiation initiated graft polymerization. The addition of alkali metal hydroxides afforded a unique way to enhance the grafting of N-vinyl-2 pyrrolidone, dimethylacryamide, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphoryl choline, N,N-dimethyl-N-(methacryloyloxyethyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium-betaine, N,N-dimethyl-N-(methacrylamidopropyl)-N-(3-sulfopropyl)-ammonium-betaine, and copolymers thereof to silicones. Ethanolamine was found to further enhance the grafting of some hydrophilic polymers to silicone. The resulting hydrophilic surface grafts were resistant to hydrophobic surface rearrangement. This process overcomes previous problems inherent in silicone surface modification. The technique was also found to moderately enhance the grafting of hydrophilic monomers to polyetherurethane and to 316-L stainless steel. The surface modification of 316-L stainless steel was further enhanced by treating the substrates with a chromium III methacrylate bonding agent prior to irradiation. The coatings were evaluated for their potential use as depots for delivering therapeutic agents. The release of ofloxacin from surface-modified poly(dimethyl siloxane) and dexamethasone from surface-modified 316-L stainless steel was evaluated by in-vitro experiments. Therapeutic levels of drugs were released from surface-modified specimens via a burst effect. Improved surface characterization methods were another aspect of this research. New nanomechanical testing techniques were developed and used to evaluate the viscoelastic surface mechanical properties of low modulus surface-modified specimens. Dynamic nanoindentation characterization techniques were designed to measure the storage modulus and loss modulus of compliant viscoelastic substrate surfaces. The results of these experiments were compared with modulus data obtained by conventional dynamic mechanical spectroscopy. Nanoscratch testing methods were also developed that qualitatively compared the abrasion resistance of surface-modified substrates. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

A Novel Surgical Technique for Ahmed Valves in Refractory Glaucoma With Silicone Oil Endotamponade.

PubMed

Davo-Cabrera, Juan Maria; Lanzagorta-Aresti, Aitor; Alcocer Yuste, Pablo

2017-10-01

The purpose of the study is to describe a novel technique to implant Ahmed valves in patients with refractory glaucoma because of silicone oil (SO) endotamponade PATIENTS:: Three patients with glaucoma without SO removal were used as an example for this technique. Technique report. We introduce a standard technique modification for Ahmed valves in patients with SO. This modification consists on locating the Ahmed valve more tangential to the limbus curvature instead of the usual perpendicular position and inserting the tube in the posterior chamber. The tube can be longer and run parallel to pupil. This technique allows use superotemporal quadrant (fewer complications), avoid corneal touch and decrease SO loss through the tube to subconjunctival space.

Intraluminal pressure response in Baerveldt tube shunts: a comparison of modification techniques.

PubMed

Gilbert, David D; Bond, Brent

2007-01-01

To design an apparatus for in vitro quantification of effects of modifications to nonvalved tube shunts, and to compare the effects of these modifications done to prevent early postoperative hypotony. A testing apparatus was designed and constructed to measure intraluminal pressure (ILP) during constant infusion of balanced salt solution at 2 microL/min through Baerveldt tube shunts mounted on cadaver eyes. Three different modifications were performed and 3 shunts were used for each modification. The modifications were partial tube occlusion with a 3-0 Supramid suture, tube perforation with a 27-gauge needle on an occluded tube, and a 1.2 mm longitudinal venting slit on an occluded tube. The final steady state ILP for the 3-0 Supramid partially occluded tube ranged between 1.6 and 2.8 mm Hg over 3 trials with an average final steady state ILP of 2.0 mm Hg. The 27-gauge needle perforation produced ILPs of 4.6 to 8.2 mm Hg over 3 trials with an average final steady state pressure of 5.9 mm Hg. The 1.2 mm longitudinal venting slit produced an ILP range of 12.6 to 17.3 mm Hg over 3 trials with an average final steady state ILP of 14.8 mm Hg. The differences in final steady state ILP between the 3 modification techniques were statistically significant (P=0.00036). The 3-0 Supramid occlusion and the 27-gauge perforation techniques produced hypotony, whereas the 1.2 mm longitudinal venting slit produced acceptable pressures in vitro.

Selected photographic techniques, a compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A selection has been made of methods, devices, and techniques developed in the field of photography during implementation of space and nuclear research projects. These items include many adaptations, variations, and modifications to standard hardware and practice, and should prove interesting to both amateur and professional photographers and photographic technicians. This compilation is divided into two sections. The first section presents techniques and devices that have been found useful in making photolab work simpler, more productive, and higher in quality. Section two deals with modifications to and special applications for existing photographic equipment.

LISA Technology Development at GSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thorpe, James Ira; McWilliams, S.; Baker, J.

2008-01-01

The prime focus of LISA technology development efforts at NASA/GSFC has been in LISA interferometry, specifically in the area of laser frequency noise mitigation. Laser frequency noise is addressed through a combination of stabilization and common-mode rejection. Current plans call for two stages of stabilization, pre-stabilization to a local frequency reference and further stabilization using the constellation as a frequency reference. In order for these techniques to be used simultaneously, the pre-stabilization step must provide an adjustable frequency offset. Here, we report on a modification to the standard modulation/demodulation techniques used to stabilize to optical cavities that generates a frequency-tunable reference from a fixed-length cavity. This technique requires no modifications to the cavity itself and only minor modifications to the components. The measured noise performance and dynamic range of the laboratory prototype meets the LISA requirements.

Titration in the treatment of the more troubled patient.

PubMed

Winer, J A; Ornstein, E D

2001-01-01

This article defines and discusses a modification of technique recommended by the authors in the psychoanalytic treatment of more troubled patients--a modification they call titration. Titration is defined as a conscious decision by the analyst to increase or decrease assistance (or gratification) gradually, in order to facilitate the analytic process. The authors emphasize the complexity of decisions in treatment by focusing on the decision-making processes that titration requires. Guidelines and a case vignette are presented. The authors conclude by considering some of the politics involved in the introduction of technique modifications, the salience of the titration concept, and directions for further exploration.

Frequency assessment of spatially distributed generations of flood scenarios: an application on Italian territory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lomazzi, M.; Roth, G.; Rudari, R.; Taramasso, A. C.; Ghizzoni, T.; Benedetti, R.; Espa, G.; Terpessi, C.

2009-12-01

The flooding risk impact on society cannot be understated: it influences land use and territorial planning and development at both physical and regulatory levels. To cope with it, a variety of actions can be put in place, involving multidisciplinary competences. Mitigation measures goes from the improvement of monitoring systems to the development of hydraulic structures, throughout land use restrictions, civil protection and insurance plans. All of those options present social and economic impacts, either positive or negative, whose proper estimate should rely on the assumption of appropriate - present and future - scenarios, i.e. quantitative event descriptions in terms of i) the flood hazard, with its probability of occurrence, extension, intensity, and duration, ii) the exposed values and iii) their vulnerability. At present, initial attention has been devoted to the design of flood scenarios, or ensembles of them, and to the evaluation of their frequency of occurrence. In the present work, a model for spatially distributed flood scenarios generation and frequency assessment is proposed and applied to the Italian territory. The study area has been divided into homogeneous regions according to their hydrologic, orographic and meteoclimatic characteristics. A statistical model for flood scenarios simulation has been implemented throughout a conditional approach based on MCMC simulations by using i) a historical flood events catalogue; ii) a homogeneous regions correlation matrix; and iii) an auxiliary variables data set. In this framework, the role of the information stored in the historical flood events catalogue "Aree Vulnerate Italiane" (AVI, http://avi.gndci.cnr.it/), produced by the Italian National Research Council, is of crucial importance.

Albumin modification and fragmentation in renal disease.

PubMed

Donadio, Carlo; Tognotti, Danika; Donadio, Elena

2012-02-18

Albumin is the most important antioxidant substance in plasma and performs many physiological functions. Furthermore, albumin is the major carrier of endogenous molecules and exogenous ligands. This paper reviews the importance of post-translational modifications of albumin and fragments thereof in patients with renal disease. First, current views and controversies on renal handling of proteins, mainly albumin, will be discussed. Post-translational modifications, namely the fragmentation of albumin found with proteomic techniques in nephrotic patients, diabetics, and ESRD patients will be presented and discussed. It is reasonable to hypothesize that proteolytic fragmentation of serum albumin is due to a higher susceptibility to proteases, induced by oxidative stress. The clinical relevance of the fragmentation of albumin has not yet been established. These modifications could affect some physiological functions of albumin and have a patho-physiological role in uremic syndrome. Proteomic analysis of serum allows the identification of over-expressed proteins and can detect post-translational modifications of serum proteins, hitherto hidden, using standard laboratory techniques. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Surface Characterization Techniques: An Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miyoshi, Kazuhisa

2002-01-01

To understand the benefits that surface modifications provide, and ultimately to devise better ones, it is necessary to study the physical, mechanical, and chemical changes they cause. This chapter surveys classical and leading-edge developments in surface structure and property characterization methodologies. The primary emphases are on the use of these techniques as they relate to surface modifications, thin films and coatings, and tribological engineering surfaces and on the implications rather than the instrumentation.

Evaluation of footprint contact area and pressure using a triple-row modification of the suture-bridge technique for rotator cuff repair.

PubMed

Ostrander, Roger V; McKinney, Bart I

2012-10-01

Studies suggest that arthroscopic repair techniques may have high recurrence rates for larger rotator cuff tears. A more anatomic repair may improve the success rate when performing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. We hypothesized that a triple-row modification of the suture-bridge technique for rotator cuff repair would result in significantly more footprint contact area and pressure between the rotator cuff and the humeral tuberosity. Eighteen ovine infraspinatus tendons were repaired using 1 of 3 simulated arthroscopic techniques: a double-row repair, the suture-bridge technique, and a triple-row repair. The triple-row repair technique is a modification of the suture-bridge technique that uses an additional reducing anchor between the medial and lateral rows. Six samples were tested per group. Pressure-indicating film was used to measure the footprint contact area and pressure after each repair. The triple-row repair resulted in significantly more rotator cuff footprint contact area and contact pressure compared with the double-row technique and the standard suture-bridge technique. No statistical difference in contact area or contact pressure was found between the double-row technique and the suture-bridge technique. The triple-row technique for rotator cuff repair results in significantly more footprint contact area and contact pressure compared with the double-row and standard suture-bridge techniques. This more anatomic repair may improve the healing rate when performing arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Copyright © 2012 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Methods of Single Station and Limited Data Analysis and Forecasting

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-08-15

example using real data. Discusses modifications of SSA technique in certain climatological regimes and describes some statistical tech- niques for SSA of... caster has access to radar or satellite observations, or any computer products during the period of his isolation. Where calculations are involved, it is...chapters of the text will deal with special topics such as modifications of the SSA technique that must be considered for certain clima- tological regimes

High-resolution studies of the HF ionospheric modification interaction region

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duncan, L. M.; Sheerin, J. P.

1985-01-01

The use of the pulse edge analysis technique to explain ionospheric modifications caused by high-power HF radio waves is discussed. The technique, implemented at the Arecibo Observatory, uses long radar pulses and very rapid data sampling. A comparison of the pulse leading and trailing edge characteristics is obtained and the comparison is used to estimate the relative changes in the interaction region height and layer width; an example utilizing this technique is provided. Main plasma line overshoot and miniovershoot were studied from the pulse edge observations; the observations at various HF pulsings and radar resolutions are graphically presented. From the pulse edge data the development and the occurrence of main plasma line overshoot and miniovershoot are explained. The theories of soliton formation and collapse, wave ducting, profile modification, and parametric instabilities are examined as a means of explaining main plasma line overshoots and miniovershoots.

Enrichment and separation techniques for large-scale proteomics analysis of the protein post-translational modifications.

PubMed

Huang, Junfeng; Wang, Fangjun; Ye, Mingliang; Zou, Hanfa

2014-11-06

Comprehensive analysis of the post-translational modifications (PTMs) on proteins at proteome level is crucial to elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of various biological processes. In the past decades, thanks to the development of specific PTM enrichment techniques and efficient multidimensional liquid chromatography (LC) separation strategy, the identification of protein PTMs have made tremendous progress. A huge number of modification sites for some major protein PTMs have been identified by proteomics analysis. In this review, we first introduced the recent progresses of PTM enrichment methods for the analysis of several major PTMs including phosphorylation, glycosylation, ubiquitination, acetylation, methylation, and oxidation/reduction status. We then briefly summarized the challenges for PTM enrichment. Finally, we introduced the fractionation and separation techniques for efficient separation of PTM peptides in large-scale PTM analysis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Seals and Sealing Techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

Developments by the aerospace industry in seals and sealing techniques are announced for possible use in other areas. The announcements presented are grouped as: sealing techniques for cryogenic fluids, high pressure applications, and modification for improved performance.

Evaluation of LVA Full-Scale Hydrodynamic Vehicle Motion Effects on Personnel Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-04-01

by F. A. Muckler 041 so"i C3 Approved by ""loAIoI James .. Regan fl ific" JSIIV IM............... "’"" ’.Technical Director i MAY ]7 i• ! s ...34, ~~Dizdibtfiob Uliý:m Navy Personnel Research and Development Center San Diego, California 92152 Best Available Copy U S avy CLA51"FiCATION OF THIS PAGW lR De...force ships, the LVJ viii1 transnort troops a-t relatively high spoked (25 mph or more) to beach or inland combat sp* s otios. The LVA will eventually

The Pattern of Soviet Conduct in the Third World, Review and Preview. Part 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-07

be quoted or copied without approval from OSD/Net Assessment. Aooession For DTIC TAB El Dit I-’I t Y " c•doi ;Avi.- ± end/or L i :itst I pc l 4•al IA...successcors have stooc, y that cecision. (Moscow odes riot recconioze tnis action.) Alth•cuph revolutionary Iran has i nioroved or estaolisned relations...far nesw tne world rar.et ievel and oepat, repotiaiions for a orice increase of roucniv t0w oercenz. ? y marc- I5d. witm the Soviets’ best otfer stiil

A framework for visualization of battlefield network behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perzov, Yury; Yurcik, William

2006-05-01

An extensible network simulation application was developed to study wireless battlefield communications. The application monitors node mobility and depicts broadcast and unicast traffic as expanding rings and directed links. The network simulation was specially designed to support fault injection to show the impact of air strikes on disabling nodes. The application takes standard ns-2 trace files as an input and provides for performance data output in different graphical forms (histograms and x/y plots). Network visualization via animation of simulation output can be saved in AVI format that may serve as a basis for a real-time battlefield awareness system.

Environmental Assessment: Hurricane Katrina Recovery and Installation Development at Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

ly Sweeney Jef fe rso n D avi s Ze ro M a u villa Foulois Fe che t Cabell Esposito Percy Thunderbolt James Ar nol d Pine Lawn Monroe W all Bilm arsan... Jackson counties in Mississippi. These three counties encompass 1,785 square miles of land area and comprise the entire coastline of Mississippi along the...24.2% Hancock County 46,711 11.6% 15.7% 23.4% Harrison County 193,810 29.8% 16.5% 25.7% Jackson County 135,940 27.6% 15.0% 25.8% Biloxi MSA 376,461

Historical hydrology and database on flood events (Apulia, southern Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lonigro, Teresa; Basso, Alessia; Gentile, Francesco; Polemio, Maurizio

2014-05-01

Historical data about floods represent an important tool for the comprehension of the hydrological processes, the estimation of hazard scenarios as a basis for Civil Protection purposes, as a basis of the rational land use management, especially in karstic areas, where time series of river flows are not available and the river drainage is rare. The research shows the importance of the improvement of existing flood database with an historical approach, finalized to collect past or historical floods event, in order to better assess the occurrence trend of floods, in the case for the Apulian region (south Italy). The main source of records of flood events for Apulia was the AVI (the acronym means Italian damaged areas) database, an existing Italian database that collects data concerning damaging floods from 1918 to 1996. The database was expanded consulting newspapers, publications, and technical reports from 1996 to 2006. In order to expand the temporal range further data were collected searching in the archives of regional libraries. About 700 useful news from 17 different local newspapers were found from 1876 to 1951. From a critical analysis of the 700 news collected since 1876 to 1952 only 437 were useful for the implementation of the Apulia database. The screening of these news showed the occurrence of about 122 flood events in the entire region. The district of Bari, the regional main town, represents the area in which the great number of events occurred; the historical analysis confirms this area as flood-prone. There is an overlapping period (from 1918 to 1952) between old AVI database and new historical dataset obtained by newspapers. With regard to this period, the historical research has highlighted new flood events not reported in the existing AVI database and it also allowed to add more details to the events already recorded. This study shows that the database is a dynamic instrument, which allows a continuous implementation of data, even in real time. More details on previous results of this research activity were recently published (Polemio, 2010; Basso et al., 2012; Lonigro et al., 2013) References Basso A., Lonigro T. and Polemio M. (2012) "The improvement of historical database on damaging hydrogeological events in the case of Apulia (Southern Italy)". Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana, 21: 379-380; Lonigro T., Basso A. and Polemio M. (2013) "Historical database on damaging hydrogeological events in Apulia region (Southern Italy)". Rendiconti online della Società Geologica Italiana, 24: 196-198; Polemio M. (2010) "Historical floods and a recent extreme rainfall event in the Murgia karstic environment (Southern Italy)". Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, 54(2): 195-219.

Germline Genetic Modification and Identity: the Mitochondrial and Nuclear Genomes.

PubMed

Scott, Rosamund; Wilkinson, Stephen

2017-12-01

In a legal 'first', the UK removed a prohibition against modifying embryos in human reproduction, to enable mitochondrial replacement techniques (MRTs), a move the Government distanced from 'germline genetic modification', which it aligned with modifying the nuclear genome. This paper (1) analyzes the uses and meanings of this term in UK/US legal and policy debates; and (2) evaluates related ethical concerns about identity. It shows that, with respect to identity, MRTs and nuclear genome editing techniques such as CRISPR/Cas-9 (now a policy topic), are not as different as has been supposed. While it does not follow that the two should be treated exactly alike, one of the central reasons offered for treating MRTs more permissively than nuclear genetic modification, and for not regarding MRTs as 'germline genetic modification', is thereby in doubt. Identity cannot, by itself, do the work thus far assigned to it, explicitly or otherwise, in law and policy.

[The modification in surgical technique of incision and closure vault of the vagina during vaginal hysterectomy on the incidence of vault haematoma].

PubMed

Malinowski, Andrzej; Mołas, Justyna; Maciołek-Blewniewska, Grazyna; Cieślak, Jarosław

2006-02-01

Vault haematoma is one of the most common complication of vaginal hysterectomy. The aim of this work was to analyse the effects of a modification of incision and closure technique of the vaginal vault on the incidence of vault haematoma after vaginal hysterectomy. The study group consisted of 333 women of whom 49 (group A) underwent vaginal hysterectomy traditional technique of incision and closure of the vaginal vault, an 284 (group B) modified technique. Following parameters were evaluated: number of vault haematomas, blood loss, postoperative fever, required antibiotics, length of hospital stay. The risk of vault haematoma was significantly lower in the group B (1,06% vs 12,4%). Loss of blood was higher in group A (310 ml vs 206 ml). Incidence of postoperative fever was in 12,2% patients from group A, and 1,4% from group B. The length of hospitalization was lower for women in group B (4,3 days compared with 7,3 days). The modification of incision and closure technique of the vaginal vault during vaginal hysterectomy is recommended to minimise intra- and postoperative complications.

Is cepstrum averaging applicable to circularly polarized electric-field data?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tunnell, T.

1990-04-01

In FY 1988 a cepstrum averaging technique was developed to eliminate the ground reflections from charged particle beam (CPB) electromagnetic pulse (EMP) data. The work was done for the Los Alamos National Laboratory Project DEWPOINT at SST-7. The technique averages the cepstra of horizontally and vertically polarized electric field data (i.e., linearly polarized electric field data). This cepstrum averaging technique was programmed into the FORTRAN codes CEP and CEPSIM. Steve Knox, the principal investigator for Project DEWPOINT, asked the authors to determine if the cepstrum averaging technique could be applied to circularly polarized electric field data. The answer is, Yes, but some modifications may be necessary. There are two aspects to this answer that we need to address, namely, the Yes and the modifications. First, regarding the Yes, the technique is applicable to elliptically polarized electric field data in general: circular polarization is a special case of elliptical polarization. Secondly, regarding the modifications, greater care may be required in computing the phase in the calculation of the complex logarithm. The calculation of the complex logarithm is the most critical step in cepstrum-based analysis. This memorandum documents these findings.

A Review of Particle Swarm Optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jain, N. K.; Nangia, Uma; Jain, Jyoti

2018-03-01

This paper presents an overview of the research progress in Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) during 1995-2017. Fifty two papers have been reviewed. They have been categorized into nine categories based on various aspects. This technique has attracted many researchers because of its simplicity which led to many improvements and modifications of the basic PSO. Some researchers carried out the hybridization of PSO with other evolutionary techniques. This paper discusses the progress of PSO, its improvements, modifications and applications.

General method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of organic light emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krummacher, B. C.; Mathai, M. K.; Choong, V.; Choulis, S. A.; So, F.; Winnacker, A.

2006-09-01

The external light output of organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) can be increased by modifying the light emitting surface. The apparent light extraction enhancement is given by the ratio between the efficiency of the unmodified device and the efficiency of the modified device. This apparent light extraction enhancement is dependent on the OLED architecture itself and is not the correct value to judge the effectiveness of a technique to enhance light outcoupling due to substrate surface modification. We propose a general method to evaluate substrate surface modification techniques for light extraction enhancement of OLEDs independent from the device architecture. This method is experimentally demonstrated using green electrophosphorescent OLEDs with different device architectures. The substrate surface of these OLEDs was modified by applying a prismatic film to increase light outcoupling from the device stack. It was demonstrated that the conventionally measured apparent light extraction enhancement by means of the prismatic film does not reflect the actual performance of the light outcoupling technique. Rather, by comparing the light extracted out of the prismatic film to that generated in the OLED layers and coupled into the substrate (before the substrate/air interface), a more accurate evaluation of light outcoupling enhancement can be achieved. Furthermore we show that substrate surface modification can change the output spectrum of a broad band emitting OLED.

Proteomic patterns for classification of ovarian cancer and CTCL serum samples utilizing peak pairs indicative of post-translational modifications.

PubMed

Liu, Chenwei; Shea, Nancy; Rucker, Sally; Harvey, Linda; Russo, Paul; Saul, Richard; Lopez, Mary F; Mikulskis, Alvydas; Kuzdzal, Scott; Golenko, Eva; Fishman, David; Vonderheid, Eric; Booher, Susan; Cowen, Edward W; Hwang, Sam T; Whiteley, Gordon R

2007-11-01

Proteomic patterns as a potential diagnostic technology has been well established for several cancer conditions and other diseases. The use of machine learning techniques such as decision trees, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and other methods has been the basis for pattern determination. Cancer is known to involve signaling pathways that are regulated through PTM of proteins. These modifications are also detectable with high confidence using high-resolution MS. We generated data using a prOTOF mass spectrometer on two sets of patient samples: ovarian cancer and cutaneous t-cell lymphoma (CTCL) with matched normal samples for each disease. Using the knowledge of mass shifts caused by common modifications, we built models using peak pairs and compared this to a conventional technique using individual peaks. The results for each disease showed that a small number of peak pairs gave classification equal to or better than the conventional technique that used multiple individual peaks. This simple peak picking technique could be used to guide identification of important peak pairs involved in the disease process.

Enhanced removal of nitrate from water using surface modification of adsorbents--a review.

PubMed

Loganathan, Paripurnanda; Vigneswaran, Saravanamuthu; Kandasamy, Jaya

2013-12-15

Elevated concentration of nitrate results in eutrophication of natural water bodies affecting the aquatic environment and reduces the quality of drinking water. This in turn causes harm to people's health, especially that of infants and livestock. Adsorbents with the high capacity to selectively adsorb nitrate are required to effectively remove nitrate from water. Surface modifications of adsorbents have been reported to enhance their adsorption of nitrate. The major techniques of surface modification are: protonation, impregnation of metals and metal oxides, grafting of amine groups, organic compounds including surfactant coating of aluminosilicate minerals, and heat treatment. This paper reviews current information on these techniques, compares the enhanced nitrate adsorption capacities achieved by the modifications, and the mechanisms of adsorption, and presents advantages and drawbacks of the techniques. Most studies on this subject have been conducted in batch experiments. These studies need to include continuous mode column trials which have more relevance to real operating systems and pilot-plant trials. Reusability of adsorbents is important for economic reasons and practical treatment applications. However, only limited information is available on the regeneration of surface modified adsorbents. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Suggestions for Modifications in the Teaching of General Chemistry to Accommodate Learning Disabled Students: Alternative Techniques for Teaching General Chemistry to Learning Disabled Students in the University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Habib, H. S.

A professor involved with the HELDS project (Higher Education for Learning Disabled Students) describes modifications in a general chemistry course. A syllabus lists program objectives for eight text chapters, evaluation components, and course rules. Two units are described in detail, with information presented on modifications made for LD…

[Cosmetic technique application on the modification of lip deformity after cleft lip surgery].

PubMed

Lixian, Chen; Huajun, Wang; Caixia, Gong; Qian, Zheng; Bing, Shi; Bihe, Zhang

2018-02-01

This study aims to explore the effect of cosmetic technique on the modification of lip deformity after cleft lip surgery. A total of 35 patients with postoperative cleft lip and who needed two-stage repair due to the nasolabial deformity were selected. Cosmetic technique was used to modify their lip deformities prior to the surgery. Front photos of the patients were taken before and after modification of their lip deformities. These photos were subsequently assessed by both the patients and the medical staff. The visual analogue method, Asher-McDade aesthetic index, and Mortier PB scale were used by patients and medical staff to evaluate changes in the lip shape by the cosmetic technique. Prior to the cosmetic technique application, the mean self-score of the patients and the mean scores of the medical staff were 56±13 and 3.22±1.11 points, respectively. After the cosmetic technique application, the mean self-score of the patients and the mean scores of the medical staff were 67±12 and 2.85±1.03 points, respectively. The differences were statistically significant for both the patients and the medical staff (P<0.05). Appropriate use of the cosmetic technique can modify the lip deformity after the cleft lip surgery to a certain degree. The use of this technique exerts evident effects in restoring the symmetry
of lip peak and the continuity of the labial arch and in highlighting the philtrum column.

Turtle Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Marlene; Robin, Arthur

This manual describes the Turtle Technique which was developed to help children with behavior problems control their own disruptive behavior. The technique differs from other behavior modification techniques in that it is based upon self-control rather than external control of disruptive behavior. The Turtle Technique first teaches the child how…

Nanotubular surface modification of metallic implants via electrochemical anodization technique.

PubMed

Wang, Lu-Ning; Jin, Ming; Zheng, Yudong; Guan, Yueping; Lu, Xin; Luo, Jing-Li

2014-01-01

Due to increased awareness and interest in the biomedical implant field as a result of an aging population, research in the field of implantable devices has grown rapidly in the last few decades. Among the biomedical implants, metallic implant materials have been widely used to replace disordered bony tissues in orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries. The clinical success of implants is closely related to their early osseointegration (ie, the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant), which relies heavily on the surface condition of the implant. Electrochemical techniques for modifying biomedical implants are relatively simple, cost-effective, and appropriate for implants with complex shapes. Recently, metal oxide nanotubular arrays via electrochemical anodization have become an attractive technique to build up on metallic implants to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity. This article will thoroughly review the relevance of electrochemical anodization techniques for the modification of metallic implant surfaces in nanoscale, and cover the electrochemical anodization techniques used in the development of the types of nanotubular/nanoporous modification achievable via electrochemical approaches, which hold tremendous potential for bio-implant applications. In vitro and in vivo studies using metallic oxide nanotubes are also presented, revealing the potential of nanotubes in biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook of future growth of research in metallic oxide nanotubular arrays is provided. This article will therefore provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of electrochemical anodization modification and provide guidance regarding the design and tuning of new materials to achieve a desired performance and reliable biocompatibility.

Nanotubular surface modification of metallic implants via electrochemical anodization technique

PubMed Central

Wang, Lu-Ning; Jin, Ming; Zheng, Yudong; Guan, Yueping; Lu, Xin; Luo, Jing-Li

2014-01-01

Due to increased awareness and interest in the biomedical implant field as a result of an aging population, research in the field of implantable devices has grown rapidly in the last few decades. Among the biomedical implants, metallic implant materials have been widely used to replace disordered bony tissues in orthopedic and orthodontic surgeries. The clinical success of implants is closely related to their early osseointegration (ie, the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant), which relies heavily on the surface condition of the implant. Electrochemical techniques for modifying biomedical implants are relatively simple, cost-effective, and appropriate for implants with complex shapes. Recently, metal oxide nanotubular arrays via electrochemical anodization have become an attractive technique to build up on metallic implants to enhance the biocompatibility and bioactivity. This article will thoroughly review the relevance of electrochemical anodization techniques for the modification of metallic implant surfaces in nanoscale, and cover the electrochemical anodization techniques used in the development of the types of nanotubular/nanoporous modification achievable via electrochemical approaches, which hold tremendous potential for bio-implant applications. In vitro and in vivo studies using metallic oxide nanotubes are also presented, revealing the potential of nanotubes in biomedical applications. Finally, an outlook of future growth of research in metallic oxide nanotubular arrays is provided. This article will therefore provide researchers with an in-depth understanding of electrochemical anodization modification and provide guidance regarding the design and tuning of new materials to achieve a desired performance and reliable biocompatibility. PMID:25258532

Performance and durability of high emittance heat receiver surfaces for solar dynamic power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Degroh, Kim K.; Roig, David M.; Burke, Christopher A.; Shah, Dilipkumar R.

1994-01-01

Haynes 188, a cobalt-based superalloy, will be used to make thermal energy storage (TES) containment canisters for a 2 kW solar dynamic ground test demonstrator (SD GTD). Haynes 188 containment canisters with a high thermal emittance (epsilon) are desired for radiating heat away from local hot spots, improving the heating distribution, which will in turn improve canister service life. In addition to needing a high emittance, the surface needs to be durable in an elevated temperature, high vacuum environment for an extended time period. Thirty-five Haynes 188 samples were exposed to 14 different types of surface modification techniques for emittance and vacuum heat treatment (VHT) durability enhancement evaluation. Optical properties were obtained for the modified surfaces. Emittance enhanced samples were exposed to VHT for up to 2692 hours at 827 C and less than or equal to 10(exp -6) torr with integral thermal cycling. Optical properties were taken intermittently during exposure, and after final VHT exposure. The various surface modification treatments increased the emittance of pristine Haynes 188 from 0.11 up to 0.86. Seven different surface modification techniques were found to provide surfaces which met the SD GTD receiver VHT durability requirement. Of the 7 surface treatments, 2 were found to display excellent VHT durability: an alumina based (AB) coating and a zirconia based coating. The alumina based coating was chosen for the epsilon enhancement surface modification technique for the SD GTD receiver. Details of the performance and vacuum heat treatment durability of this coating and other Haynes 188 emittance surface modification techniques are discussed. Technology from this program will lead to successful demonstration of solar dynamic power for space applications, and has potential for application in other systems requiring high emittance surfaces.

Cost Savings Potential of Modification to the Standard Light Rail Vehicle Specification

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1979-02-01

This report describes an assessment of the Standard Light Rail Vehicle (SLRV) specification to determine whether the relaxation or modification of some requirements could result in a significant reduction in vehicle costs. A Technique of Assessment b...

On the Teaching of a Self-Modification Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tasto, Donald L.

1976-01-01

Discusses teaching techniques, course content, strategies, and problems of teaching a behavior modification course to university students. Course target areas include subjects such as anxiety control, fear elimination, weight control, smoking reduction, interpersonal interaction, assertiveness, and exercise maintenance. (Author/DB)

A simple and robust approach to immobilization of antibody fragments.

PubMed

Ikonomova, Svetlana P; He, Ziming; Karlsson, Amy J

2016-08-01

Antibody fragments, such as the single-chain variable fragment (scFv), have much potential in research and diagnostics because of their antigen-binding ability similar to a full-sized antibody and their ease of production in microorganisms. Some applications of antibody fragments require immobilization on a surface, and we have established a simple immobilization method that is based on the biotin-streptavidin interaction and does not require a separate purification step. We genetically fused two biotinylation tags-the biotin carboxyl carrier protein (BCCP) or the AviTag minimal sequence-to six different scFvs (scFv13R4, scFvD10, scFv26-10, scFv3, scFv5, and scFv12) for site-specific biotinylation in vivo by endogenous biotin ligases produced by Escherichia coli. The biotinylated scFvs were immobilized onto streptavidin-coated plates directly from cell lysates, and immobilization was detected through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. All scFvs fusions were successfully immobilized, and scFvs biotinylated via the BCCP tag tended to immobilize better than those biotinylated via the AviTag, even when biotinylation efficiency was improved with the biotin ligase BirA. The ability of immobilized scFvs to bind antigens was confirmed using scFv13R4 and scFvD10 with their respective targets β-galactosidase and bacteriophage lambda head protein D (gpD). The immobilized scFv13R4 bound to β-galactosidase at the same level for both biotinylation tags when the surface was saturated with the scFv, and immobilized scFvs retained their functionality for at least 100days after immobilization. The simplicity and robustness of our method make it a promising approach for future applications that require antibody fragment immobilization. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Single-cell epigenomics: techniques and emerging applications.

PubMed

Schwartzman, Omer; Tanay, Amos

2015-12-01

Epigenomics is the study of the physical modifications, associations and conformations of genomic DNA sequences, with the aim of linking these with epigenetic memory, cellular identity and tissue-specific functions. While current techniques in the field are characterizing the average epigenomic features across large cell ensembles, the increasing interest in the epigenetics within complex and heterogeneous tissues is driving the development of single-cell epigenomics. We review emerging single-cell methods for capturing DNA methylation, chromatin accessibility, histone modifications, chromosome conformation and replication dynamics. Together, these techniques are rapidly becoming a powerful tool in studies of cellular plasticity and diversity, as seen in stem cells and cancer.

Genomic tools and and prospects for new breeding techniques in flower bulb crops

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

For many of the new breeding techniques, sequence information is of the utmost importance. In addition to current breeding techniques, such as marker-assisted selection (MAS) and genetic modification (GM), new breeding techniques such as zinc finger nucleases, oligonucleotide-mediated mutagenesis, R...

POLLUTANT CONTROL TECHNIQUES FOR PACKAGE BOILERS: HARDWARE MODIFICATIONS AND ALTERNATE FUELS

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of investigations of four ways to control nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions from package boilers (both field operating boilers and boiler simulators): (1) variations in combustor operating procedure; (2) combustion modification (flue gas recirculation and st...

BAC Modification through Serial or Simultaneous Use of CRE/Lox Technology

PubMed Central

Parrish, Mark; Unruh, Jay; Krumlauf, Robb

2011-01-01

Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes (BACs) are vital tools in mouse genomic analyses because of their ability to propagate large inserts. The size of these constructs, however, prevents the use of conventional molecular biology techniques for modification and manipulation. Techniques such as recombineering and Cre/Lox methodologies have thus become heavily relied upon for such purposes. In this work, we investigate the applicability of Lox variant sites for serial and/or simultaneous manipulations of BACs. We show that Lox spacer mutants are very specific, and inverted repeat variants reduce Lox reaction rates through reducing the affinity of Cre for the site, while retaining some functionality. Employing these methods, we produced serial modifications encompassing four independent changes which generated a mouse HoxB BAC with fluorescent reporter proteins inserted into four adjacent Hox genes. We also generated specific, simultaneous deletions using combinations of spacer variants and inverted repeat variants. These techniques will facilitate BAC manipulations and open a new repertoire of methods for BAC and genome manipulation. PMID:21197414

Application of the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technique to research on functional genomes of parasites.

PubMed

Cui, Yubao; Yu, Lili

2016-12-01

The clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) structural family functions as an acquired immune system in prokaryotes. Gene editing techniques have co-opted CRISPR and the associated Cas nucleases to allow for the precise genetic modification of human cells, zebrafish, mice, and other eukaryotes. Indeed, this approach has been used to induce a variety of modifications including directed insertion/deletion (InDel) of bases, gene knock-in, introduction of mutations in both alleles of a target gene, and deletion of small DNA fragments. Thus, CRISPR technology offers a precise molecular tool for directed genome modification with a range of potential applications; further, its high mutation efficiency, simple process, and low cost provide additional advantages over prior editing techniques. This paper will provide an overview of the basic structure and function of the CRISPR gene editing system as well as current and potential applications to research on parasites. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural characterization of thioether-bridged bacteriocins.

PubMed

Lohans, Christopher T; Vederas, John C

2014-01-01

Bacteriocins are a group of ribosomally synthesized antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria, some of which are extensively post-translationally modified. Some bacteriocins, namely the lantibiotics and sactibiotics, contain one or more thioether bridges. However, these modifications complicate the structural elucidation of these bacteriocins using conventional techniques. This review will discuss the techniques and strategies that have been applied to determine the primary structures of lantibiotics and sactibiotics. A major challenge is to identify the topology of thioether bridges in these peptides (i.e., which amino-acid residues are involved in which bridges). Edman degradation, NMR spectroscopy and tandem MS have all been commonly applied to characterize these bacteriocins, but can be incompatible with the post-translational modifications present. Chemical modifications to the modified residues, such as desulfurization and reduction, make the treated bacteriocins more compatible to analysis by these standard peptide analytical techniques. Despite their differences in structure, similar strategies have proved useful to study the structures of both lantibiotics and sactibiotics.

An overview of biofunctionalization of metals in Japan

PubMed Central

Hanawa, Takao

2009-01-01

Surface modification is an important and predominant technique for obtaining biofunction and biocompatibility in metals for biomedical use. The surface modification technique is a process that changes the surface composition, structure and morphology of a material, leaving the bulk mechanical properties intact. A tremendous number of surface modification techniques using dry and wet processes to improve the hard tissue compatibility of titanium have been developed. Some are now commercially available. Most of these processes have been developed by Japanese institutions since the 1990s. A second approach is the immobilization of biofunctional molecules to the metal surface to control the adsorption of proteins and adhesion of cells, platelets and bacteria. The immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol) to a metal surface with electrodeposition and its effect on biofunction are reviewed. The creation of a metal–polymer composite is another way to obtain metal-based biofunctional materials. The relationship between the shear bonding strength and the chemical structure at the bonding interface of a Ti-segmentated polyurethane composite through a silane coupling agent is explained. PMID:19158014

A Perspective on Multiaccess Channels

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-09-01

packets that arrived between T and T+ are transmitted. The parameter v is determined by all each transmitter based on the history of the feedback up to time...t. The transmitters also calculate T based on the feedback history . It is helpful to view the packet arrivals in ETt) as being in a distributed queue...Cambridge, MA. 4T TO. JC-N~g 4f aAviE. I -w l 2.1 WPr IfCI’YIL 2. ICA 6-- e NO.Yt4 Z/ ’) eqp~ ~ 46 5AZw’ I.q e L 1!x;Y :r/; YFv (1.~i 21 V4 Gf~~ .. 2 15 5.5

Modification of gDNA extraction from soil for PCR designed for the routine examination of soil samples contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs.

PubMed

Borecka, A; Gawor, J

2008-06-01

A modification of gDNA extraction was developed for the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique, intended for the detection and differentiation of Toxocara spp. eggs in soil or sediments. Sand samples from sandpits confirmed as being contaminated with Toxocara spp. eggs by the flotation technique were analysed by PCR. The use of proteinase K made it possible to obtain genomic DNA from the sample without needing to isolate eggs using flotation or to inactivate PCR inhibitors present in the sand. Specific primers in the PCR reaction allowed discrimination between T. canis and T. cati eggs. The modification simplified the procedure, thanks to eliminating the step of gDNA isolation from eggs, which is both laborious and difficult.

Microneedles as the technique of drug delivery enhancement in diverse organs and tissues.

PubMed

Rzhevskiy, Alexey S; Singh, Thakur Raghu Raj; Donnelly, Ryan F; Anissimov, Yuri G

2018-01-28

Microneedles is the technique of drug delivery enhancement, which was primarily designed for facilitating percutaneous drug delivery. Started from the development of simple solid microneedles, providing microporation of stratum corneum and therefore enhancement of topical drug delivery, for two decades the technique has progressed in various modifications such as hollow, coated, dissolving and hydrogel forming microneedles. In their turn, the modifications have resulted in new mechanisms of drug delivery enhancement and followed by the expansion of applicability range in terms of targeted tissues and organs. Thus, in addition to percutaneous drug delivery, microneedles have been considered as an efficient technique facilitating ocular, oral mucosal, gastrointestinal, ungual and vaginal drug administration. It is anticipated that the technique of microneedle-assisted drug delivery will soon become relevant for majority of organs and tissues. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Texture Modification of the Shuttle Landing Facility Runway at Kennedy Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daugherty, Robert H.; Yager, Thomas J.

1997-01-01

This paper describes the test procedures and the criteria used in selecting an effective runway-surface-texture modification at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Shuttle Landing Facility (SLF) to reduce Orbiter tire wear. The new runway surface may ultimately result in an increase of allowable crosswinds for launch and landing operations. The modification allows launch and landing operations in 20-knot crosswinds, if desired. This 5-knot increase over the previous 15-knot limit drastically increases landing safety and the ability to make on-time launches to support missions in which Space Station rendezvous are planned. The paper presents the results of an initial (1988) texture modification to reduce tire spin-up wear and then describes a series of tests that use an instrumented ground-test vehicle to compare tire friction and wear characteristics, at small scale, of proposed texture modifications placed into the SLF runway surface itself. Based on these tests, three candidate surfaces were chosen to be tested at full-scale by using a highly modified and instrumented transport aircraft capable of duplicating full Orbiter landing profiles. The full-scale Orbiter tire testing revealed that tire wear could be reduced approximately by half with either of two candidates. The texture-modification technique using a Humble Equipment Company Skidabrader(trademark) shotpeening machine proved to be highly effective, and the entire SLF runway surface was modified in September 1994. The extensive testing and evaluation effort that preceded the selection of this particular surface-texture-modification technique is described herein.

Psychodrama Techniques for Inservice Teacher Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohut, Sylvester, Jr.

1976-01-01

By using psychodrama techniques in inservice programming, improvement in communication among members of the school community occurs. With modification the psychodrama approach can be used with inservice teachers and administrators to improve self-realization and communication. A program using psychodrama techniques is described in the article.…

Surface modification effects on defect-related photoluminescence in colloidal CdS quantum dots.

PubMed

Lee, TaeGi; Shimura, Kunio; Kim, DaeGwi

2018-05-03

We investigated the effects of surface modification on the defect-related photoluminescence (PL) band in colloidal CdS quantum dots (QDs). A size-selective photoetching process and a surface modification technique with a Cd(OH)2 layer enabled the preparation of size-controlled CdS QDs with high PL efficiency. The Stokes shift of the defect-related PL band before and after the surface modification was ∼1.0 eV and ∼0.63 eV, respectively. This difference in the Stokes shifts suggests that the origin of the defect-related PL band was changed by the surface modification. Analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that the surface of the CdS QDs before and after the surface modification was S rich and Cd rich, respectively. These results suggest that Cd-vacancy acceptors and S-vacancy donors affect PL processes in CdS QDs before and after the surface modification, respectively.

Mapping Base Modifications in DNA by Transverse-Current Sequencing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alvarez, Jose R.; Skachkov, Dmitry; Massey, Steven E.; Kalitsov, Alan; Velev, Julian P.

2018-02-01

Sequencing DNA modifications and lesions, such as methylation of cytosine and oxidation of guanine, is even more important and challenging than sequencing the genome itself. The traditional methods for detecting DNA modifications are either insensitive to these modifications or require additional processing steps to identify a particular type of modification. Transverse-current sequencing in nanopores can potentially identify the canonical bases and base modifications in the same run. In this work, we demonstrate that the most common DNA epigenetic modifications and lesions can be detected with any predefined accuracy based on their tunneling current signature. Our results are based on simulations of the nanopore tunneling current through DNA molecules, calculated using nonequilibrium electron-transport methodology within an effective multiorbital model derived from first-principles calculations, followed by a base-calling algorithm accounting for neighbor current-current correlations. This methodology can be integrated with existing experimental techniques to improve base-calling fidelity.

AN ANALYSIS OF THE INFLUENCE OF ANNUAL THERMAL VARIABLES ON THE OCCURRENCE OF WARM WATER FISHES

EPA Science Inventory

A potential effect of climate change is modification of the geographic distribution of fish species. To predict this modification it is necessary to estimate temperature tolerances of fishes and then relate these tolerances to the changing environment. This technique will allow...

Changing Attitudes Through Behavior Modification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whipple, W. Scott

This article describes the philosophy and methods used by the staff at the Granite Alternative School in changing student attitudes through behavior modification. The students involved all have a failure syndrome or low self-image, and are dropouts from traditional high schools. Among the techniques used are: (1) reinforcing good behavior (praise…

76 FR 32929 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; American Samoa Longline Gear Modifications To Reduce Turtle...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-07

... Modifications To Reduce Turtle Interactions AGENCY: National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS), National Oceanic... Pacific green sea turtles. DATES: Comments on the proposed rule must be received by July 22, 2011... sea turtles, seabirds, and marine mammals. Fishermen must use specific equipment and techniques for...

Event- and Time-Driven Techniques Using Parallel CPU-GPU Co-processing for Spiking Neural Networks

PubMed Central

Naveros, Francisco; Garrido, Jesus A.; Carrillo, Richard R.; Ros, Eduardo; Luque, Niceto R.

2017-01-01

Modeling and simulating the neural structures which make up our central neural system is instrumental for deciphering the computational neural cues beneath. Higher levels of biological plausibility usually impose higher levels of complexity in mathematical modeling, from neural to behavioral levels. This paper focuses on overcoming the simulation problems (accuracy and performance) derived from using higher levels of mathematical complexity at a neural level. This study proposes different techniques for simulating neural models that hold incremental levels of mathematical complexity: leaky integrate-and-fire (LIF), adaptive exponential integrate-and-fire (AdEx), and Hodgkin-Huxley (HH) neural models (ranged from low to high neural complexity). The studied techniques are classified into two main families depending on how the neural-model dynamic evaluation is computed: the event-driven or the time-driven families. Whilst event-driven techniques pre-compile and store the neural dynamics within look-up tables, time-driven techniques compute the neural dynamics iteratively during the simulation time. We propose two modifications for the event-driven family: a look-up table recombination to better cope with the incremental neural complexity together with a better handling of the synchronous input activity. Regarding the time-driven family, we propose a modification in computing the neural dynamics: the bi-fixed-step integration method. This method automatically adjusts the simulation step size to better cope with the stiffness of the neural model dynamics running in CPU platforms. One version of this method is also implemented for hybrid CPU-GPU platforms. Finally, we analyze how the performance and accuracy of these modifications evolve with increasing levels of neural complexity. We also demonstrate how the proposed modifications which constitute the main contribution of this study systematically outperform the traditional event- and time-driven techniques under increasing levels of neural complexity. PMID:28223930

Prevention of Unilateral Pulmonary Edema Complicating Robotic Mitral Valve Operations.

PubMed

Moss, Emmanuel; Halkos, Michael E; Binongo, Jose N; Murphy, Douglas A

2017-01-01

Unilateral pulmonary edema (UPE) has been reported after mitral operations performed through the right side of the chest. The clinical presentation is compatible with an ischemia-reperfusion injury. This report describes modifications to robotic mitral valve operations that were designed to reduce UPE. We reviewed 15 patients with UPE after robotic mitral valve operations from 2006 through 2012. Technique modifications to reduce right lung ischemia were used from 2013 through June 2015. Modifications included alterations in patient position, ventilation, and perfusion factors. The incidence of UPE before and after modifications was determined, as was perfusion factors and outcomes in a higher-risk patient subgroup with pulmonary hypertension and prolonged bypass procedures. The incidence of UPE was 1.4% (n = 15) in 1,059 consecutive robotic mitral valve procedures using the standard technique and 0.0% in 435 consecutive procedures using the modified technique (p < 0.02). All patients with UPE had pulmonary hypertension and bypass times of greater than 120 minutes. Patients in the higher-risk subgroup had significantly lower systemic temperature (31°C [range, 30°-32°C] versus 34°C [range, 33°-34°C]; p < 0.01) and higher mean perfusion pressure (67mm Hg [range 62-72 mm Hg] versus 54 mm Hg [range, 52-57 mm Hg]; p < 0.01) on bypass using the modified technique. The incidence of UPE in higher-risk patients was significantly reduced using the modified technique (0% versus 5.6%; p < 0.01) without any increase in overall morbidity or mortality. The incidence of UPE in patients undergoing robotic mitral valve operations has been significantly reduced using a modified technique, without increasing the perioperative complication rate. Further work is necessary to validate this protocol and understand the pathophysiology of postoperative UPE. Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dual-Layer Video Encryption using RSA Algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chadha, Aman; Mallik, Sushmit; Chadha, Ankit; Johar, Ravdeep; Mani Roja, M.

2015-04-01

This paper proposes a video encryption algorithm using RSA and Pseudo Noise (PN) sequence, aimed at applications requiring sensitive video information transfers. The system is primarily designed to work with files encoded using the Audio Video Interleaved (AVI) codec, although it can be easily ported for use with Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) encoded files. The audio and video components of the source separately undergo two layers of encryption to ensure a reasonable level of security. Encryption of the video component involves applying the RSA algorithm followed by the PN-based encryption. Similarly, the audio component is first encrypted using PN and further subjected to encryption using the Discrete Cosine Transform. Combining these techniques, an efficient system, invulnerable to security breaches and attacks with favorable values of parameters such as encryption/decryption speed, encryption/decryption ratio and visual degradation; has been put forth. For applications requiring encryption of sensitive data wherein stringent security requirements are of prime concern, the system is found to yield negligible similarities in visual perception between the original and the encrypted video sequence. For applications wherein visual similarity is not of major concern, we limit the encryption task to a single level of encryption which is accomplished by using RSA, thereby quickening the encryption process. Although some similarity between the original and encrypted video is observed in this case, it is not enough to comprehend the happenings in the video.

Chemical methods for encoding and decoding of posttranslational modifications

PubMed Central

Chuh, Kelly N.; Batt, Anna R.; Pratt, Matthew R.

2016-01-01

A large array of posttranslational modifications can dramatically change the properties of proteins and influence different aspects of their biological function such as enzymatic activity, binding interactions, and proteostasis. Despite the significant knowledge that has been gained about the function of posttranslational modifications using traditional biological techniques, the analysis of the site-specific effects of a particular modification, the identification of the full compliment of modified proteins in the proteome, and the detection of new types of modifications remains challenging. Over the years, chemical methods have contributed significantly in both of these areas of research. This review highlights several posttranslational modifications where chemistry-based approaches have made significant contributions to our ability to both prepare homogeneously modified proteins and identify and characterize particular modifications in complex biological settings. As the number and chemical diversity of documented posttranslational modifications continues to rise, we believe that chemical strategies will be essential to advance the field in years to come. PMID:26933738

Intraoperative modification of Pitanguy technique of reduction mammaplasty for elevation of the nipple-areola complex in case of severe breast ptosis.

PubMed

Foustanos, Andreas; Panagiotopoulos, Konstantinos; Skouras, George

2011-02-01

The Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty has been shown to be an anatomically safe technique in the management of the ptotic breast. However, the technique, as first described, cannot be applied in gigantomastia or severe breast ptosis cases or cases of dense parenchyma of the breast. The senior surgeon suggested an intraoperative modification of the Pitanguy method of reduction mammaplasty to make it applicable for such cases. A retrospective study of 122 patients with severe breast ptosis (70), gigantomastia (45), or dense breast parenchyma (7) who underwent a modification of the Pitanguy method was performed. The current procedure involves all the operating steps of the superior pedicle technique as described by Pitanguy, from the marking technique to the keel resection of the breast. If the nipple-areola complex is elevated inadequately, the surgeon can use the senior surgeon's modification to elevate the complex to the desired height. This modification consists of dissecting the upper pole of the breast vertically to the fascia of the pectoralis major muscle and laterally to the nipple-areola complex. The medial flap is then advanced superiorly, rotated 90°, and sutured to point A, while the lateral flap is placed below the medial one. This maneuver maximizes elevation of the nipple-areola complex to the desired height. The mean change in nipple position was 14 cm (range = 10-16 cm). The mean weight reduction of each breast was 900 g (range = 700-1300 g). The follow-up included 119 patients and the follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years (mean follow-up = 2 years). Three patients were operated on less than 3 months ago and were not involved in this study. All patients gained natural shaped breasts and they were pleased with the results. Serious complications, including flap necrosis, were avoided since caution was used to preserve the internal mammary perforators while performing this method. This technique provides a versatile, well-vascularized pedicle that allows elevation of the nipple-areola complex at the desired height in cases of severe breast ptosis, gigantomastia, or dense breast parenchyma.

Retention Forces between Titanium and Zirconia Components of Two-Part Implant Abutments with Different Techniques of Surface Modification.

PubMed

von Maltzahn, Nadine Freifrau; Holstermann, Jan; Kohorst, Philipp

2016-08-01

The adhesive connection between titanium base and zirconia coping of two-part abutments may be responsible for the failure rate. A high mechanical stability between both components is essential for the long-term success. The aim of the present in-vitro study was to evaluate the influence of different surface modification techniques and resin-based luting agents on the retention forces between titanium and zirconia components in two-part implant abutments. A total of 120 abutments with a titanium base bonded to a zirconia coping were investigated. Two different resin-based luting agents (Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem) and six different surface modifications were used to fix these components, resulting in 12 test groups (n = 10). The surface of the test specimens was mechanically pretreated with aluminium oxide blasting in combination with application of two surface activating primers (Alloy Primer, Clearfil Ceramic Primer) or a tribological conditioning (Rocatec), respectively. All specimens underwent 10,000 thermal cycles between 5°C and 55°C in a moist environment. A pull-off test was then conducted to determine retention forces between the titanium and zirconia components, and statistical analysis was performed (two-way anova). Finally, fracture surfaces were analyzed by light and scanning electron microscopy. No significant differences were found between Panavia F 2.0 and RelyX Unicem. However, the retention forces were significantly influenced by the surface modification technique used (p < 0.001). For both luting agents, the highest retention forces were found when adhesion surfaces of both the titanium bases and the zirconia copings were pretreated with aluminium oxide blasting, and with the application of Clearfil Ceramic Primer. Surface modification techniques crucially influence the retention forces between titanium and zirconia components in two-part implant abutments. All adhesion surfaces should be pretreated by sandblasting. Moreover, a phosphate-based primer serves to enhance long-term retention of the components. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

LISA Beyond Einstein: From the Big Bang to Black Holes. LISA Technology Development at GSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thorpe, James Ira

2008-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the work that has been ongoing at the Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in the development of the technology to be used in the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) spacecrafts. The prime focus of LISA technology development efforts at NASA/GSFC has been in LISA interferometry. Specifically efforts have been made in the area of laser frequency noise mitigation. Laser frequency noise is addressed through a combination of stabilization and common-mode rejection. Current plans call for two stages of stabilization, pre-stabilization to a local frequency reference and further stabilization using the constellation as a frequency reference. In order for these techniques to be used simultaneously, the pre-stabilization step must provide an adjustable frequency offset. This presentation reports on a modification to the standard modulation/demodulation technique used to stabilize to optical cavities that generates a frequency-tunable reference from a fixed length cavity. This technique requires no modifications to the cavity itself and only minor modifications to the components. The measured noise performance and dynamic range of the laboratory prototype meet the LISA requirements.

Applying usability testing techniques to improve a health promotion website.

PubMed

Hinchliffe, Anetta; Mummery, W Kerry

2008-04-01

Use of the Internet for health promotion is increasing; however, the lack of published research regarding website usability suggests that health promotion websites are being developed without consultation with their users or formal evaluation. This study conducted usability testing of an existing health promotion website to inform modifications and to identify common usability themes that should be addressed by organisations developing or maintaining a health promotion website. A combination of qualitative and quantitative techniques were implemented during the usability testing sessions to gather data from users while completing tasks on the website. Techniques included performance measures (time taken), direct observation (participant observation) and subjective user preferences (questionnaire and interview). Improvements to the website were measured in terms of reduced problems reported, reduced time taken to complete tasks and increased subjective reports. Seven usability themes emerged from the data: design, feedback, format, instructions, navigation, terminology and learnability. This study demonstrates the application of usability testing to the design and modification of a health promotion website and illustrates the areas or themes that can be used as a framework for testing and modification.

From Ringmaster to Conductor: 10 Simple Techniques Can Turn an Unruly Class into a Productive One

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraft, Matthew A.

2010-01-01

Challenging classrooms can overwhelm a teacher. However, by using effective classroom management and behavior modification techniques, teachers can change challenging classrooms into productive ones. Classroom management techniques include using a relevant curriculum, establishing nonnegotiable rules, ensuring that students know what behavior is…

Channeling techniques to study strains and defects in heterostructures and multi quantum wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pathak, A. P.; Dhamodaran, S.; Sathish, N.

2005-08-01

The importance and advantages of heterostructures and Quantum Wells (QWs) in device technology has made research challenging due to lack of direct techniques for their characterization. Particularly the characterization of strain and defects at the interfaces has become important due to their dominance in the electrical and optical properties of materials and devices. RBSiC has been used to study variety of defects in single crystalline materials, for nearly four decades now. Channeling based experiments play a crucial role in giving depth information of strain and defects. Ion beams are used for both material characterizations as well as for modifications. Hence it is also possible to monitor the modifications online, which are discussed in detail. In the present work, Swift Heavy Ion (SHI) modification of III-V semiconductor heterostnictures and MQWs and the results of subsequent strain measurements by RBSiC in initially strained as well as lattice matched systems are discussed. We find that the compressive strain decreases due to SHI irradiation and a tensile strain is induced in an initially lattice matched system. The incident ion fluence dependence of strain modifications in the heterostructures will also be discussed. The use of high energy channeling for better sensitivity of strain measurements in low mismatch materials will be discussed in detail. Wherever possible, a comparison of results with those obtained by other techniques like HRXRD is given.

Evaluation of three simple direct or indirect carbonyl detection methods for characterization of oxidative modifications of proteins.

PubMed

Vásquez-Garzón, Verónica R; Rouimi, Patrick; Jouanin, Isabelle; Waeg, Georg; Zarkovic, Neven; Villa-Treviño, Saul; Guéraud, Françoise

2012-05-01

Among disruptions induced by oxidative stress, modifications of proteins, particularly irreversible carbonylation, are associated with the development of several diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Carbonylation of proteins can occur directly or indirectly through the adduction of lipid oxidation products. In this study, three classical and easy-to-perform techniques to detect direct or indirect carbonylation of proteins were compared. A model protein apomyoglobin and a complex mixture of rat liver cytosolic proteins were exposed to cumene hydroperoxide oxidation or adduction to the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal in order to test direct or indirect carbonylation, respectively. The technique using a specific anti-4-hydroxynonenal-histidine adduct antibody was effective to detect in vitro modification of model apomyoglobin and cytosolic proteins by 4-hydroxynonenal but not by direct carbonylation which was achieved by techniques using biotin-coupled hydrazide or dinitrophenylhydrazine derivatization of carbonyls. Sequential use of these methods enabled the detection of both direct and indirect carbonyl modification in proteins, although constitutively biotinylated proteins were detected by biotin-hydrazide. Although rather classical and efficient, methods for carbonyl detection on proteins in oxidative stress studies may be biased by some artifactual detections and complicated by proteins multimerizations. The use of more and more specific available antibodies is recommended to complete detection of lipid peroxidation product adducts on proteins.

Modification of the Nominal Group Activity for On-Line Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maulding, Wanda S.

This paper discusses how the Nominal Group Technique (NGT) can be adapted for use in online instruction. The four basic stages of the NGT (listing, recording, collating, and prioritizing) are described, and modifications for online delivery are detailed, including: (1) the instructor posts the Socratic question or problem to be posed; (2) students…

FLEXWAL: A computer program for predicting the wall modifications for two-dimensional, solid, adaptive-wall tunnels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Everhart, J. L.

1983-01-01

A program called FLEXWAL for calculating wall modifications for solid, adaptive-wall wind tunnels is presented. The method used is the iterative technique of NASA TP-2081 and is applicable to subsonic and transonic test conditions. The program usage, program listing, and a sample case are given.

Black Psychologists Discuss Behavior Modification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bardo, Harold R.; And Others

The primary purpose of this paper is to discuss reasons why blacks should be concerned and actively involved with practices in behavior modification. The concern is that as these techniques are refined it becomes more important to be sure blacks should be involved at all levels of the application of these procedures when other blacks are subjects…

Environmental assessment of combustion modification controls for stationary internal combustion engines. Final report Sep 78-Jul 79

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lips, H.I.; Gotterba, J.A.; Lim, K.J.

1981-07-01

The report gives results of an environmental assessment of combustion modification techniques for stationary internal combustion engines, with respect to NOx control reduction effectiveness, operational impact, thermal efficiency impact, capital and annualized operating costs, and effects on emissions of pollutants other than NOx.

Incorporation of post-translational modified amino acids as an approach to increase both chemical and biological diversity of conotoxins and conopeptides.

PubMed

Espiritu, Michael J; Cabalteja, Chino C; Sugai, Christopher K; Bingham, Jon-Paul

2014-01-01

Bioactive peptides from Conus venom contain a natural abundance of post-translational modifications that affect their chemical diversity, structural stability, and neuroactive properties. These modifications have continually presented hurdles in their identification and characterization. Early endeavors in their analysis relied on classical biochemical techniques that have led to the progressive development and use of novel proteomic-based approaches. The critical importance of these post-translationally modified amino acids and their specific assignment cannot be understated, having impact on their folding, pharmacological selectivity, and potency. Such modifications at an amino acid level may also provide additional insight into the advancement of conopeptide drugs in the quest for precise pharmacological targeting. To achieve this end, a concerted effort between the classical and novel approaches is needed to completely elucidate the role of post-translational modifications in conopeptide structure and dynamics. This paper provides a reflection in the advancements observed in dealing with numerous and multiple post-translationally modified amino acids within conotoxins and conopeptides and provides a summary of the current techniques used in their identification.

Microscale surface modifications for heat transfer enhancement.

PubMed

Bostanci, Huseyin; Singh, Virendra; Kizito, John P; Rini, Daniel P; Seal, Sudipta; Chow, Louis C

2013-10-09

In this experimental study, two surface modification techniques were investigated for their effect on heat transfer enhancement. One of the methods employed the particle (grit) blasting to create microscale indentations, while the other used plasma spray coating to create microscale protrusions on Al 6061 (aluminum alloy 6061) samples. The test surfaces were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal scanning laser microscopy. Because of the surface modifications, the actual surface area was increased up to 2.8× compared to the projected base area, and the arithmetic mean roughness value (Ra) was determined to vary from 0.3 μm for the reference smooth surface to 19.5 μm for the modified surfaces. Selected samples with modified surfaces along with the reference smooth surface were then evaluated for their heat transfer performance in spray cooling tests. The cooling system had vapor-atomizing nozzles and used anhydrous ammonia as the coolant in order to achieve heat fluxes up to 500 W/cm(2) representing a thermal management setting for high power systems. Experimental results showed that the microscale surface modifications enhanced heat transfer coefficients up to 76% at 500 W/cm(2) compared to the smooth surface and demonstrated the benefits of these practical surface modification techniques to enhance two-phase heat transfer process.

Optimising Laser Tattoo Removal

PubMed Central

Sardana, Kabir; Ranjan, Rashmi; Ghunawat, Sneha

2015-01-01

Lasers are the standard modality for tattoo removal. Though there are various factors that determine the results, we have divided them into three logical headings, laser dependant factors such as type of laser and beam modifications, tattoo dependent factors like size and depth, colour of pigment and lastly host dependent factors, which includes primarily the presence of a robust immune response. Modifications in the existing techniques may help in better clinical outcome with minimal risk of complications. This article provides an insight into some of these techniques along with a detailed account of the factors involved in tattoo removal. PMID:25949018

An analysis of thermal response factors and how to reduce their computational time requirement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiese, M. R.

1982-01-01

Te RESFAC2 version of the Thermal Response Factor Program (RESFAC) is the result of numerous modifications and additions to the original RESFAC. These modifications and additions have significantly reduced the program's computational time requirement. As a result of this work, the program is more efficient and its code is both readable and understandable. This report describes what a thermal response factor is; analyzes the original matrix algebra calculations and root finding techniques; presents a new root finding technique and streamlined matrix algebra; supplies ten validation cases and their results.

New Methodologies for Generation of Multigroup Cross Sections for Shielding Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arzu Alpan, F.; Haghighat, Alireza

2003-06-01

Coupled neutron and gamma multigroup (broad-group) libraries used for Light Water Reactor shielding and dosimetry commonly include 47-neutron and 20-gamma groups. These libraries are derived from the 199-neutron, 42-gamma fine-group VITAMIN-B6 library. In this paper, we introduce modifications to the generation procedure of the broad-group libraries. Among these modifications, we show that the fine-group structure and collapsing technique have the largest impact. We demonstrate that a more refined fine-group library and the bi-linear adjoint weighting collapsing technique can improve the accuracy of transport calculation results.

Clustering: An Interactive Technique to Enhance Learning in Biology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ambron, Joanna

1988-01-01

Explains an interdisciplinary approach to biology and writing which increases students' mastery of vocabulary, scientific concepts, creativity, and expression. Describes modifications of the clustering technique used to summarize lectures, integrate reading and understand textbook material. (RT)

Measurement, testing, and safety technology: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Methods and techniques in the related areas of measurement, testing, and safety are presented. Measuring techniques and devices and testing methods and devices are described. Articles on equipment modifications or procedures are included. Patent information is presented.

Deep patch technique for landslide repair. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Helwany, B.M.

1994-10-01

The report describes the laboratory testing of the `USFS deep patch` technique and a CTI modification of this technique for repairing landslides with geosynthetic reinforcement. The technique involves replacing sections of roadway lost due to landslides on top of a geosynthetically-reinforced embankment. The CTI modification involves replacing the reinforced slope with a geosynthetically-reinforced retaining wall with a truncated base. Both techniques rely on the cantilevering ability of the reinforced mass to limit the load on the foundation with a high slide potential. The tests with road base showed that (1) both the USFS and CTI repair reduced effectively the adversemore » effects of local landsliding on the highway pavement by preventing crack propagation; (2) the USFS repair increased the stability of the repaired slope, which was in progressive failure, by reducing the stresses exerted on it; and (3) the CTI repair produced substantially greater stresses on its foundation due to the truncated base of the reinforced mass.« less

Word Frequency Analysis. MOS: 45K. Skill Levels 1 & 2.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-05-01

ACCESSION No. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG 14UMBER 4. TITLE...change. Accession For DTIC TAB [ Ux~amo~ed []Just iriction D_.st ribution, pYAvai labilit 7 codt.s A o Avi ado S* HEADQUARTERS DATA CONTROL NMEIII m...6 (’N "N 6 . "!4 ON Cf c4:’i 6 Cu-L /’Uc.RE" L ~u:ir 6 6 Z72 : SS7 2 t N 6’vy \\ .C.1F? 6 H% ’ e y N ’CIo6’ 6 A fg; 6 l~ 14 6 r I 5’J 6 ’~1!6 ’",13P 6

Skyrmion dynamics in a chiral magnet driven by periodically varying spin currents*

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Rui; Zhang, Yin-Yan

2016-12-01

In this work, we investigated the spin dynamics in a slab of chiral magnets induced by an alternating (ac) spin current. Periodic trajectories of the skyrmion in real space are discovered under the ac current as a result of the Magnus and viscous forces, which originate from the Gilbert damping, the spin transfer torque, and the β-nonadiabatic torque effects. The results are obtained by numerically solving the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation and can be explained by the Thiele equation characterizing the skyrmion core motion. Supplementary material in the form of one avi file available from the Journal web page at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2016-70467-9

Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces: Summary Report on Design, Development, and Evaluation of Intelligent Adaptive Interfaces for the Control of Multiple UAVs from an Airborne Platform

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

gestion de la masse d’informations nécessaires pour appuyer la prise de décision efficace. De l’avis des opérateurs d’engins télépilotés...opérateurs d’engins télépilotés risque de croître exponentiellement, de sorte que de fortes contraintes seront imposées au personnel exécutant les missions...commande réelle des engins télépilotés que la gestion des données, y compris la conversion de ces données en information et l’acheminement

Recent progress in plasma-assisted synthesis and modification of 2D materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Zhao Jun; Murdock, Adrian T.; Seo, Dong Han; Bendavid, Avi

2018-07-01

Plasma represents an important technique for both the synthesis and modification of two-dimensional (2D) materials, owing to the unique plasma-material interactions which can enable effective energy transfer at the nanoscale. Non-equilibrium and non-thermal plasma techniques have been widely applied on various 2D materials, including graphene, silicene, germanene, phosphorene, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN), and transition metal dichalcogenides such as MoS2 and WS2. Here, we review the recent progress in plasma-assisted synthesis and modification (e.g. functionalisation, doping and etching) of 2D materials and discuss the potential applications of this unique branch of 2D materials. Challenges and future research opportunities in the relevant research field are also discussed. The primary aim of this Review is to provide a better understanding of the plasma-assisted processes and to promote the utilization of 2D materials for advanced electronic, optoelectronic, sensing and energy storage applications.

Damage-free polymer surface modification employing inward-type plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanou, Ryo; Suga, Hiroshi; Utsumi, Hideyuki; Takahashi, Satoshi; Shirayama, Yuya; Watanabe, Norimichi; Petit, Stèphane; Shimizu, Tetsuo

2017-08-01

Inward-type plasmas, which spread upstream against the gas flow in the capillary tube where the gas is discharged, can react with samples placed near the entrance of such a capillary tube. In this study, surface modification of polymer surfaces is conducted using inward plasma. The modification is also done by conventional microplasma jet, and the modified surfaces with two plasma techniques are characterized by contact angle measurement, X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Although inward-plasma-treated surfaces are less hydrophilic than conventional plasma-treated ones, they are still sufficiently hydrophilic for surface coatings. In addition, it turns out that the polymer surfaces irradiated with the inward plasma yield much smoother surfaces than those treated with the conventional plasma jet. Thus, the inward plasma treatment is a viable technique when the surface flatness is crucial, such as for the surface coating of plastic lenses.

In Vivo Multiparametric Ultrasound Imaging of Structural and Functional Tumor Modifications during Therapy.

PubMed

Dizeux, Alexandre; Payen, Thomas; Le Guillou-Buffello, Delphine; Comperat, Eva; Gennisson, Jean-Luc; Tanter, Mickael; Oelze, Michael; Bridal, S Lori

2017-09-01

Longitudinal imaging techniques are needed that can meaningfully probe the tumor microenvironment and its spatial heterogeneity. Contrast-enhanced ultrasound, shear wave elastography and quantitative ultrasound are ultrasound-based techniques that provide information on the vascular function and micro-/macroscopic tissue structure. Modifications of the tumor microenvironment induced by cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic molecules in ectopic murine Lewis lung carcinoma tumors were monitored. The most heterogenous structures were found in tumors treated with anti-angiogenic drug that simultaneously accumulated the highest levels of necrosis and fibrosis. The anti-angiogenic group presented the highest number of correlations between parameters related to vascular function and those related to the micro-/macrostructure of the tumor microenvironment. Results suggest how patterns of multiparametric ultrasound modifications can be related to provide a more insightful marker of changes occurring within tumors during therapy. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Preparation of highly hydrophobic cotton fabrics by modification with bifunctional silsesquioxanes in the sol-gel process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Przybylak, Marcin; Maciejewski, Hieronim; Dutkiewicz, Agnieszka

2016-11-01

The surface modification of cotton fabrics was carried out using two types of bifunctional fluorinated silsesquioxanes with different ratios of functional groups. The modification was performed either by one- or two-step process. Two methods, the sol-gel and the dip coating method were used in different configurations. The heat treatment and the washing process were applied after modification. The wettability of cotton fabric was evaluated by measuring water contact angles (WCA). Changes in the surface morphology were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, SEM-LFD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Moreover, the modified fabrics were subjected to analysis of elemental composition of the applied coatings using SEM-EDS techniques. Highly hydrophobic textiles were obtained in all cases studied and one of the modifications resulted in imparting superhydrophobic properties. Most of impregnated textiles remained hydrophobic even after multiple washing process which shows that the studied modification is durable.

Effects of wing modification on an aircraft's aerodynamic parameters as determined from flight data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hess, R. A.

1986-01-01

A study of the effects of four wing-leading-edge modifications on a general aviation aircraft's stability and control parameters is presented. Flight data from the basic aircraft configuration and configurations with wing modifications are analyzed to determine each wing geometry's stability and control parameters. The parameter estimates and aerodynamic model forms are obtained using the stepwise regression and maximum likelihood techniques. The resulting parameter estimates and aerodynamic models are verified using vortex-lattice theory and by analysis of each model's ability to predict aircraft behavior. Comparisons of the stability and control derivative estimates from the basic wing and the four leading-edge modifications are accomplished so that the effects of each modification on aircraft stability and control derivatives can be determined.

Simultaneous Sterilization With Surface Modification Of Plastic Bottle By Plasma-Based Ion Implantation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sakudo, N.; Ikenaga, N.; Ikeda, F.

2011-01-07

Dry sterilization of polymeric material is developed. The technique utilizes the plasma-based ion implantation which is same as for surface modification of polymers. Experimental data for sterilization are obtained by using spores of Bacillus subtilis as samples. On the other hand we previously showed that the surface modification enhanced the gas barrier characteristics of plastic bottles. Comparing the implantation conditions for the sterilization experiment with those for the surface modification, we find that both sterilization and surface modification are simultaneously performed in a certain range of implantation conditions. This implies that the present bottling system for plastic vessels will bemore » simplified and streamlined by excluding the toxic peroxide water that has been used in the traditional sterilization processes.« less

Three pledget technique for closure of muscular ventricular septal defects.

PubMed

Sharma, Rajesh; Katewa, Ashish

2012-07-01

We propose a modification of the simple, horizontal mattress, pledgetted suture technique for closing the small muscular ventricular septal defect (VSD) by interposing an oversized third pledget on the left ventricular (LV) aspect of the defect.

Basic procedures for epigenetic analysis in plant cell and tissue culture.

PubMed

Rodríguez, José L; Pascual, Jesús; Viejo, Marcos; Valledor, Luis; Meijón, Mónica; Hasbún, Rodrigo; Yrei, Norma Yague; Santamaría, María E; Pérez, Marta; Fernández Fraga, Mario; Berdasco, María; Rodríguez Fernández, Roberto; Cañal, María J

2012-01-01

In vitro culture is one of the most studied techniques, and it is used to study many developmental processes, especially in forestry species, because of growth timing and easy manipulation. Epigenetics has been shown as an important influence on many research analyses such as cancer in mammals and developmental processes in plants such as flowering, but regarding in vitro culture, techniques to study DNA methylation or chromatin modifications were mainly limited to identify somaclonal variation of the micropropagated material. Because in vitro culture is not only a way to generate plant material but also a bunch of differentially induced developmental processes, an approach of techniques and some research carried out to study the different changes regarding DNA methylation and chromatin and translational modifications that take place during these processes is reviewed.

Satellite detection of smoke plumes and inadvertant weather modification

Treesearch

Wayne A. Pettyjohn; John B. McKeon

1976-01-01

Satellite imagery provides a convenient and inexpensive means for monitoring smoke plumes and evaluating inadvertant weather modification. Visual examination of LANDSAT-1 imagery for two sites in east-central Ohio indicates that, at times, a plume may extend nearly 48 km downwind and reach a width of six km. Density slicing techniques provide clues as to the...

Behavior Modification for Children with Autistic Tendencies; Study Guide for a Videotaped Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ackerman, Arthur; Dirr, Peter J.

The study guide accompanies a series of 28 videotaped programs designed to provide teachers, teacher aides and parents with an understanding of children with autistic tendencies and of how behavior modification techniques might be used to train such children. Synopses of each program and each program segment and a few questions intended to…

A Proposal: Modification for Instruments and Tools Used in the Science Laboratory Setting for Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kogan, Denis

2015-01-01

The purpose of this action research proposal is to create a Modification of Instruments and Tools in Science (MITS) program to address the need for providing Students With Disabilities (SWDs) appropriate access to scientific tools and techniques of scientific inquiry. This proposal contains a review of literature on SWDs, differentiating…

Single-stage autologous ear reconstruction for microtia.

PubMed

Kasrai, Leila; Snyder-Warwick, Alison K; Fisher, David M

2014-03-01

The authors have been using the Nagata technique since 2002. In this review of 100 consecutive ear reconstructions, the authors present technique modifications that have evolved over this period that have contributed to improved auricular contour and that now allow for auricular reconstruction in a single stage. This study is a retrospective review of a prospectively acquired database. The series is restricted to primary reconstructions performed for congenital microtia. Photographs of 10 consecutive patients are presented to demonstrate the results of the technique. Surgical complication rates are discussed. One hundred ear reconstructions were performed in 96 patients. There were 75 primary cases of congenital microtia. Twenty-four ears underwent a two-stage reconstruction, and 51 ears were reconstructed with a Nagata stage I procedure or a single-stage reconstruction. There was a gradual shift in technique, with a trend to perform fewer Nagata stage II outsetting procedures and more single-stage reconstructions. In patients who underwent an ear reconstruction in two stages, the surgical complication rate was 22 percent. In the last 40 consecutive ear reconstructions since abandoning the two-stage approach, the surgical complication rate is now 15 percent. A modification of Nagata's technique of autologous ear reconstruction for microtia is described. Modifications of the three-dimensional framework address the contour of the inferior crus and control tragal projection and position. Inclusion of a projection block and recruitment of retroauricular skin allow for symmetric projection of the ear in a single stage. Therapeutic, IV.

Vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: A novel modification of surgical technique.

PubMed

Hoag, Nathan; Gani, Johan; Chee, Justin

2016-07-01

To present a novel modification of surgical technique to treat female urethral stricture (FUS) by a vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal urethroplasty. Recurrent FUS represents an uncommon, though difficult clinical scenario to manage definitively. A variety of surgical techniques have been described to date, yet a lack of consensus on the optimal procedure persists. We present a 51-year-old female with urethral stricture involving the entire urethra. Suspected etiology was iatrogenic from cystoscopy 17 years prior. Since then, the patient had undergone at least 25 formal urethral dilations and periods of self-dilation. In lithotomy position, the urethra was dilated to accommodate forceps, and ventral urethrotomy carried out sharply, exposing a bed of periurethral tissue. Buccal mucosa was harvested, and a ventral inlay technique facilitated by a nasal speculum, was used to place the graft from the proximal urethra/bladder neck to urethral meatus without a vaginal incision. Graft was sutured into place, and urethral Foley catheter inserted. The vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was deemed successful as of last follow-up. Flexible cystoscopy demonstrated patency of the repair at 6 months. At 10 months of follow-up, the patient was voiding well, with no urinary incontinence. No further interventions have been required. This case describes a novel modification of surgical technique for performing buccal mucosal urethroplasty for FUS. By avoiding incision of the vaginal mucosa, benefits may include reduced: morbidity, urinary incontinence, and wound complications including urethro-vaginal fistula.

Recent advances in the chemical modification of unsaturated polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schulz, D. N.; Turner, S. R.; Golub, M. A.

1982-01-01

The present discussion has the objective to update the most comprehensive reviews on the considered subject and to fill in the gaps of less complete, but more modern treatments. Only simple chemical functionalization or structural modification of unsaturated polymers are covered, and the literature of diene polymer modification since 1974 is emphasized. Attention is given to hydrogenation, halogenation and hydrohalogenation, cyclization, cis-trans isomerization, epoxidation, ene and other cycloaddition reactions, sulfonation, carboxylation, phosphonylation, sulfenyl chloride addition, carbene addition, metalation, and silylation. It is pointed out that modern synthetic reagents and catalysts have been advantageously employed to improve process and/or product quality. Synthetic techniques have been refined to allow the selective modification of specific polymer microstructures or blocks.

Plasma assisted surface coating/modification processes - An emerging technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spalvins, T.

1987-01-01

A broad understanding of the numerous ion or plasma assisted surface coating/modification processes is sought. An awareness of the principles of these processes is needed before discussing in detail the ion nitriding technology. On the basis of surface modifications arising from ion or plasma energizing and interactions, it can be broadly classified as deposition of distinct overlay coatings (sputtering-dc, radio frequency, magnetron, reactive; ion plating-diode, triode) and surface property modification without forming a discrete coating (ion implantation, ion beam mixing, laser beam irradiation, ion nitriding, ion carburizing, plasma oxidation. These techniques offer a great flexibility and are capable in tailoring desirable chemical and structural surface properties independent of the bulk properties.

Plasma assisted surface coating/modification processes: An emerging technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spalvins, T.

1986-01-01

A broad understanding of the numerous ion or plasma assisted surface coating/modification processes is sought. An awareness of the principles of these processes is needed before discussing in detail the ion nitriding technology. On the basis of surface modifications arising from ion or plasma energizing and interactions, it can be broadly classified as deposition of distinct overlay coatings (sputtering-dc, radio frequency, magnetron, reactive; ion plating-diode, triode) and surface property modification without forming a discrete coating (ion implantation, ion beam mixing, laser beam irradiation, ion nitriding, ion carburizing, plasma oxidation). These techniques offer a great flexibility and are capable in tailoring desirable chemical and structural surface properties independent of the bulk properties.

Modification of smoothing in 4253H[T

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azmi, Nurul Nisa'Khairol; Adam, Mohd Bakri; Shitan, Mahendran; Ali, Norhaslinda Mohd

2017-05-01

Some modified non-linear smoothers particularly 4253H[T] are explained in this paper. The modifications are focused on estimating the middle point of running median for even span by applying the following types of means; geometric, harmonic, quadratic and contraharmonic. The performance of the techniques is assessed by applying it to daily price index of a bank in Malaysia that issues sukuk for funding in Islamic banking and financial business. The results show that 4253H[T] with geometric mean modification is better than others in preserving variation and curve fitting.

Speckle contrast techniques in the study of tissue thermal modification and denaturation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agafonov, Dmitry N.; Kuznetsova, Liana V.; Zimnyakov, Dmitry A.; Sviridov, Alexander P.; Omelchenko, Alexander I.

2002-05-01

Results of the contrast analysis of time-averaged dynamic speckle patterns in application to monitoring of the structure modification of the thermally treated collagenous tissue such as cartilage are presented. The modification presumably induced by the bound to free water phase transition in the matrix of the treated tissue cause the specific feature of evolution of the time-averaged speckle contrast with the change of the current temperature of modified collagen tissue. This evolution appears as hysteresis associated with irreversible changes in tissue structure.

TiO2 induced structural modifications in Cs containing borosilicate glasses: Raman and infrared studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, M.; Banerjee, D.; Sudarsan, V.; Kshirsagar, R. J.

2018-04-01

Effect of TiO2 addition in Cs containing Sodium-borosilicate glasses is studied using Raman and infrared spectroscopic techniques. As revealed from infrared and Raman studies, TiO2 does not form segregated phase, but instead enters into the borosilicate network. It is further observed that TiO2 addition results in modifications of the borate and silicate structural units by transforming into tetraborates and metasilicate structural units. These structural modifications are responsible for Cs immobilization, leach rate and chemical durability of these glasses.

Monitoring Prepregs As They Cure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, P. R.; Gleason, J. R.; Chang, A. C.

1986-01-01

Quality IR spectra obtained in dynamic heating environment. New technique obtains quality infrared spectra on graphite-fiber-reinforced, polymeric-matrix-resin prepregs as they cure. Technique resulted from modification of diffuse reflectance/Fourier transform infrared (DR/FTIR) technique previously used to analyze environmentally exposed cured graphite composites. Technique contribute to better understanding of prepreg chemistry/temperature relationships and development of more efficient processing cycles for advanced materials.

Means to Overcome the Anxieties of Second Language Learners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCoy, Ingeborg R.

1979-01-01

Behavior modification techniques that can be used to overcome fears and anxieties of students and to further achievement in second language learning are discussed. The following techniques are covered: systematic desensitization, cognitive restructuring, and modeling and guided participation. (SW)

A Database of Historical Information on Landslides and Floods in Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guzzetti, F.; Tonelli, G.

2003-04-01

For the past 12 years we have maintained and updated a database of historical information on landslides and floods in Italy, known as the National Research Council's AVI (Damaged Urban Areas) Project archive. The database was originally designed to respond to a specific request of the Minister of Civil Protection, and was aimed at helping the regional assessment of landslide and flood risk in Italy. The database was first constructed in 1991-92 to cover the period 1917 to 1990. Information of damaging landslide and flood event was collected by searching archives, by screening thousands of newspaper issues, by reviewing the existing technical and scientific literature on landslides and floods in Italy, and by interviewing landslide and flood experts. The database was then updated chiefly through the analysis of hundreds of newspaper articles, and it now covers systematically the period 1900 to 1998, and non-systematically the periods 1900 to 1916 and 1999 to 2002. Non systematic information on landslide and flood events older than 20th century is also present in the database. The database currently contains information on more than 32,000 landslide events occurred at more than 25,700 sites, and on more than 28,800 flood events occurred at more than 15,600 sites. After a brief outline of the history and evolution of the AVI Project archive, we present and discuss: (a) the present structure of the database, including the hardware and software solutions adopted to maintain, manage, use and disseminate the information stored in the database, (b) the type and amount of information stored in the database, including an estimate of its completeness, and (c) examples of recent applications of the database, including a web-based GIS systems to show the location of sites historically affected by landslides and floods, and an estimate of geo-hydrological (i.e., landslide and flood) risk in Italy based on the available historical information.

Minimal Nasolabial Incision Technique for Nasolabial Fold Modification in Patients With Facial Paralysis.

PubMed

Faris, Callum; Heiser, Alyssa; Jowett, Nate; Hadlock, Tessa

2018-03-01

Creation of symmetrical nasolabial folds (NLFs) is important in the management of the paralyzed face. Established techniques use a linear incision in the NLF, and technical refinements now allow the linear incision to be omitted. This retrospective case series was conducted in a tertiary care setting from February 2, 2017, to June 7, 2017. Participants were all patients (N = 21) with peripheral facial paralysis who underwent NLF modification that used the minimal nasolabial incision technique at the Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Facial Nerve Center from February 1, 2015, through August 31, 2016. Patient-reported outcome measures using the validated, quality-of-life Facial Clinimetric Evaluation (FaCE) Scale; clinician-reported facial function outcomes using a validated electronic clinician-graded facial paralysis assessment (eFACE); layperson assessment of the overall aesthetic outcome of the NLF; and expert-clinician scar assessment of the NLF. Of the 21 patients who underwent NLF modification that used the minimal nasolabial incision technique, 9 patients (43%) were female and 12 (57%) were male. The mean age was 41 (range, 9-90) years; 17 patients (81%) were adults (≥18 years) and 4 (19%) were children (<18 years). Overall, significant improvements were observed after NLF modification in all outcome measures as graded by both clinicians and patients. The mean (SD) scores for total eFACE were 60.7 (14.9) before the operation and 77.2 (8.9) after the operation (mean difference, 16.5 [95% CI, 8.5-24.2]; P < .001). The mean (SD) static eFACE scores were 61.4 (20.6) before the operation and 82.7 (12.4) after the operation (mean difference, 21.3 [95% CI, 10.7-31.9]; P < .001). The mean (SD) FaCE quality-of-life scores were 51.3 (20.1) before the operation and 70.3 (12.6) after the operation (mean difference, 19.0 [95% CI, 6.5-31.6]; P  =  .001). The layperson self-assessment of the overall aesthetic outcome of the NLF modification was higher among the group who had the minimal nasolabial incision than it was for the group who had a historical nasolabial incision (mean [SD], 68.17 [13.59] vs 56.28 [13.60]; mean difference, 11.89 [95% CI, 3.81-19.97]; P < .001). Similarly, the expert-clinician scar assessment of the NLF modification was higher for the group who had the minimal nasolabial incision than it was for the group who had a historical nasolabial incision (3.78 [0.91] vs 2.98 [0.81]; mean difference, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.29-1.32]; P  =  .007). The minimal nasolabial incision technique for NLF modification is effective in rehabilitating the NLF in facial paralysis without adding a long linear scar to the central midface. 4.

A design support simulation of the augmentor wing jet STOL research aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rumsey, P. C.; Spitzer, R. E.; Glende, W. L. B.

1972-01-01

The modification of a C-8A (De Havilland Buffalo) aircraft to a STOL configuration is discussed. The modification consisted of the installation of an augmentor-wing jet flap system. System design requirements were investigated for the lateral and directional flight control systems, the lateral and directional axes stability augmentation systems, the engine and Pegasus nozzle control systems, and the hydraulic systems. Operational techniques for STOL landings, control of engine failures, and pilot techniques for improving engine-out go-around performance were examined. Design changes have been identified to correct deficiencies in areas of the airplane control sytems and to improve the airplane flying qualities.

En bloc sacrectomy and reconstruction: technique modification for pelvic fixation.

PubMed

Newman, C Benjamin; Keshavarzi, Sassan; Aryan, Henry E

2009-12-01

When the management of sacral tumors requires partial or complete sacrectomy, the spinopelvic apparatus must be reconstructed. This is a challenging and infrequently performed operation, and as such, many spine surgeons are unfamiliar with techniques available to carry out these procedures. A 34-year-old man presented with severe low back pain, mild left ankle dorsiflexion weakness, and left S1 paresthesias. Imaging revealed a large sacral mass extending into the L5/S1 and S1/S2 neural foramina as well as the presacral visceral and vascular structures. Needle biopsy of this mass demonstrated a low-grade chondrosarcoma. A 2-stage anterior/posterior en bloc sacrectomy with a novel modification of the Galveston L-rod pelvic ring reconstruction was carried out. Our modification takes advantage of new materials and implant technology to offer another alternative in reconstruction of the spinopelvic junction. Understanding the anatomy and biomechanics of the spinopelvic apparatus and the lumbosacral junction, as well as having a familiarity with the various techniques available for carrying out sacrectomy and pelvic ring reconstruction, will enable the spine surgeon to effectively manage sacral tumors. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Houston Operations Predictor/Estimator (HOPE) programming manual, volume 1. [Apollo orbit determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daly, J. K.

1974-01-01

The programming techniques used to implement the equations and mathematical techniques of the Houston Operations Predictor/Estimator (HOPE) orbit determination program on the UNIVAC 1108 computer are described. Detailed descriptions are given of the program structure, the internal program structure, the internal program tables and program COMMON, modification and maintainence techniques, and individual subroutine documentation.

Surface modification of protein enhances encapsulation in chitosan nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koyani, Rina D.; Andrade, Mariana; Quester, Katrin; Gaytán, Paul; Huerta-Saquero, Alejandro; Vazquez-Duhalt, Rafael

2018-04-01

Chitosan nanoparticles have a huge potential as nanocarriers for environmental and biomedical purposes. Protein encapsulation in nano-sized chitosan provides protection against inactivation, proteolysis, and other alterations due to environmental conditions, as well as the possibility to be targeted to specific tissues by ligand functionalization. In this work, we demonstrate that the chemical modification of the protein surface enhances the protein loading in chitosan nanocarriers. Encapsulation of green fluorescent protein and the cytochrome P450 was studied. The increase of electrostatic interactions between the free amino groups of chitosan and the increased number of free carboxylic groups in the protein surface enhance the protein loading, protein retention, and, thus, the enzymatic activity of chitosan nanoparticles. The chemical modification of protein surface with malonic acid moieties reduced drastically the protein isoelectric point increasing the protein interaction with the polycationic biomaterial and chitosan. The chemical modification of protein does not alter the morphology of chitosan nanoparticles that showed an average diameter of 18 nm, spheroidal in shape, and smooth surfaced. The strategy of chemical modification of protein surface, shown here, is a simple and efficient technique to enhance the protein loading in chitosan nanoparticles. This technique could be used for other nanoparticles based on polycationic or polyanionic materials. The increase of protein loading improves, doubtless, the performance of protein-loaded chitosan nanoparticles for biotechnological and biomedical applications.

A multitechnique evaluation of topical corticosteroid treatment.

PubMed

Josse, G; Rouvrais, C; Mas, A; Haftek, M; Delalleau, A; Ferraq, Y; Ossant, F; George, J; Lagarde, J M; Schmitt, A M

2009-02-01

Corticosteroids are widely prescribed for systemic or local treatment of inflammatory autoimmune disorders. Long-term therapy is associated with side effects and causes cutaneous atrophy of the epidermis and the dermis. The present study aims to evaluate with several noninvasive techniques, the skin modifications observed during corticosteroids treatment. The potential of skin mechanical measurement and ultrasound radio frequency (RF) signal analysis are proposed as new measures more closely related to the functional impairments. Thirteen young healthy women volunteers had two applications per day on one arm of topical Clobetasol propionate 0.05% for 28 days, and they were followed for 28 days more. Skin modifications were studied by high-frequency ultrasound imaging, ultrasound RF signal analysis, optical coherence tomography and by the suction test. For all the techniques, a statistically significant change is observed with treatment. Large variations, around 30%, are observed for all techniques, but less for ultrasound imaging (10%). Dermis and epidermis thickness presented stable measurements on the nontreated zone. At the end of the study, measures returned to normal. The dynamic is mainly observed within the first 14 days of treatment and within the first 14 days after its cessation. Similar dynamics of skin modification during corticosteroid treatment was observed with very different techniques. Moreover, the potential of RF ultrasound analysis and mechanical skin measurement for characterizing skin structural and functional impairments has been evaluated.

Micro- and nanoscale devices for the investigation of epigenetics and chromatin dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aguilar, Carlos A.; Craighead, Harold G.

2013-10-01

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is the blueprint on which life is based and transmitted, but the way in which chromatin -- a dynamic complex of nucleic acids and proteins -- is packaged and behaves in the cellular nucleus has only begun to be investigated. Epigenetic modifications sit 'on top of' the genome and affect how DNA is compacted into chromatin and transcribed into ribonucleic acid (RNA). The packaging and modifications around the genome have been shown to exert significant influence on cellular behaviour and, in turn, human development and disease. However, conventional techniques for studying epigenetic or conformational modifications of chromosomes have inherent limitations and, therefore, new methods based on micro- and nanoscale devices have been sought. Here, we review the development of these devices and explore their use in the study of DNA modifications, chromatin modifications and higher-order chromatin structures.

An Interdisciplinary Approach toward the Treatment of Behavior and Learning Problems in a Special Educational Facility for Emotionally and Socially Handicapped Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Comiskey, Vincent P.; And Others

Provided are some of the guidelines used in the Village School Behavior Modification Program for children with behavior problems in Bergen County, New Jersey. Included are definitions of the terms "emotionally disturbed" and "socially maladjusted", descriptions of some behavior modification techniques used, copies of forms and…

Posttranscriptional modifications in the A-loop of 23S rRNAs from selected archaea and eubacteria.

PubMed

Hansen, M A; Kirpekar, F; Ritterbusch, W; Vester, B

2002-02-01

Posttranscriptional modifications were mapped in helices 90-92 of 23S rRNA from the following phylogenetically diverse organisms: Haloarcula marismortui, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Helix 92 is a component of the ribosomal A-site, which contacts the aminoacyl-tRNA during protein synthesis, implying that posttranscriptional modifications in helices 90-92 may be important for ribosome function. RNA fragments were isolated from 23S rRNA by site-directed RNase H digestion. A novel method of mapping modifications by analysis of short, nucleotide-specific, RNase digestion fragments with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was utilized. The MALDI-MS data were complemented by two primer extension techniques using reverse transcriptase. One technique utilizes decreasing concentrations of deoxynucleotide triphosphates to map 2'-O-ribose methylations. In the other, the rRNA is chemically modified, followed by mild alkaline hydrolysis to map pseudouridines (psis). A total of 10 posttranscriptionally methylated nucleotides and 6 psis were detected in the five organisms. Eight of the methylated nucleotides and one psi have not been reported previously. The distribution of modified nucleotides and their locations on the surface of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase cleft suggests functional importance.

Diethyl Ether Production during Catalytic Dehydration of Ethanol over Ru- and Pt- modified H-beta Zeolite Catalysts.

PubMed

Kamsuwan, Tanutporn; Praserthdam, Piyasan; Jongsomjit, Bunjerd

2017-01-01

In the present study, the catalytic dehydration of ethanol over H-beta zeolite (HBZ) catalyst with ruthenium (Ru-HBZ) and platinum (Pt-HBZ) modification was investigated. Upon the reaction temperature between 200 and 400°C, it revealed that ethanol conversion and ethylene selectivity increased with increasing temperature for both Ru and Pt modification. At lower temperature (200 to 250°C), diethyl ether (DEE) was the major product. It was found that Ru and Pt modification on HBZ catalyst can result in increased DEE yield at low reaction temperature due to increased ethanol conversion without a significant change in DEE selectivity. By comparing the DEE yield of all catalysts in this study, the Ru-HBZ catalyst apparently exhibited the highest DEE yield (ca. 47%) at 250°C. However, at temperature from 350 to 400°C, the effect of Ru and Pt was less pronounced on ethylene yield. With various characterization techniques, the effects of Ru and Pt modification on HBZ catalyst were elucidated. It revealed that Ru and Pt were present in the highly dispersed forms and well distributed in the catalyst granules. It appeared that the weak acid sites measured by NH 3 temperature-programmed desorption technique also decreased with Ru and Pt promotion. Thus, the increased DEE yields with the Ru and Pt modification can be attributed to the presence of optimal weak acid sites leading to increased intrinsic activity of the catalysts. It can be concluded that the modification of Ru and Pt on HBZ catalyst can improve the DEE yields by ca. 10%.

Application of a system modification technique to dynamic tuning of a spinning rotor blade

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spain, C. V.

1987-01-01

An important consideration in the development of modern helicopters is the vibratory response of the main rotor blade. One way to minimize vibration levels is to ensure that natural frequencies of the spinning main rotor blade are well removed from integer multiples of the rotor speed. A technique for dynamically tuning a finite-element model of a rotor blade to accomplish that end is demonstrated. A brief overview is given of the general purpose finite element system known as Engineering Analysis Language (EAL) which was used in this work. A description of the EAL System Modification (SM) processor is then given along with an explanation of special algorithms developed to be used in conjunction with SM. Finally, this technique is demonstrated by dynamically tuning a model of an advanced composite rotor blade.

Implications of recent research on microstructure modifications, through heat-related processing and trait alteration to bio-functions, molecular thermal stability and mobility, metabolic characteristics and nutrition in cool-climate cereal grains and other types of seeds with advanced molecular techniques.

PubMed

Ying, Yuguang; Zhang, Huihua; Yu, Peiqiang

2018-02-16

The cutting-edge synchrotron radiation based and globar-sourced vibrational infrared microspectroscopy have recently been developed. These novel techniques are able to reveal structure features at cellular and molecular levels with the tested tissues being intact. However, to date, the advanced techniques are unfamiliar or unknown to food and feed scientists and have not been used to study the molecular structure changes in cool-climate cereal grain seeds and other types of bio-oil and bioenergy seeds. This article aims to provide some recent research in cool-climate cereal grains and other types of seeds on molecular structures and metabolic characteristics of carbohydrate and protein, and implication of microstructure modification through heat-related processing and trait alteration to bio-functions, molecular thermal stability and mobility, and nutrition with advanced molecular techniques- synchrotron radiation based and globar-sourced vibrational infrared microspectroscopy in the areas of (1) Inherent microstructure of cereal grain seeds; (2) The nutritional values of cereal grains; (3) Impact and modification of heat-related processing to cereal grain; (4) Conventional nutrition evaluation methodology; (5) Synchrotron radiation-based and globar-sourced vibrational (micro)-spectroscopy for molecular structure study and molecular thermal stability and mobility, and (6) Recent molecular spectroscopic technique applications in research on raw, traits altered and processed cool-climate cereal grains and other types of seeds. The information described in this article gives better insights of research progress and update in cool-climate cereal grains and other seeds with advanced molecular techniques.

Is Mitochondrial Donation Germ-Line Gene Therapy? Classifications and Ethical Implications.

PubMed

Newson, Ainsley J; Wrigley, Anthony

2017-01-01

The classification of techniques used in mitochondrial donation, including their role as purported germ-line gene therapies, is far from clear. These techniques exhibit characteristics typical of a variety of classifications that have been used in both scientific and bioethics scholarship. This raises two connected questions, which we address in this paper: (i) how should we classify mitochondrial donation techniques?; and (ii) what ethical implications surround such a classification? First, we outline how methods of genetic intervention, such as germ-line gene therapy, are typically defined or classified. We then consider whether techniques of mitochondrial donation fit into these, whether they might do so with some refinement of these categories, or whether they require some other approach to classification. To answer the second question, we discuss the relationship between classification and several key ethical issues arising from mitochondrial donation. We conclude that the properties characteristic of mitochondrial inheritance mean that most mitochondrial donation techniques belong to a new sub-class of genetic modification, which we call 'conditionally inheritable genomic modification' (CIGM). © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Simplified multiple headspace extraction gas chromatographic technique for determination of monomer solubility in water.

PubMed

Chai, X S; Schork, F J; DeCinque, Anthony

2005-04-08

This paper reports an improved headspace gas chromatographic (GC) technique for determination of monomer solubilities in water. The method is based on a multiple headspace extraction GC technique developed previously [X.S. Chai, Q.X. Hou, F.J. Schork, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., in press], but with the major modification in the method calibration technique. As a result, only a few iterations of headspace extraction and GC measurement are required, which avoids the "exhaustive" headspace extraction, and thus the experimental time for each analysis. For highly insoluble monomers, effort must be made to minimize adsorption in the headspace sampling channel, transportation conduit and capillary column by using higher operating temperature and a short capillary column in the headspace sampler and GC system. For highly water soluble monomers, a new calibration method is proposed. The combinations of these technique modifications results in a method that is simple, rapid and automated. While the current focus of the authors is on the determination of monomer solubility in aqueous solutions, the method should be applicable to determination of solubility of any organic in water.

Self-Modification Technique for the Control of Eating Behavior for the Visually Handicapped.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snoy, Mary T.; van Benten, Letitia

1978-01-01

A ten-week study was done of four visually handicapped overweight adolescents (ages 15-19 years) in a residential school to evaluate the efficacy of an operant conditioning technique designed to promote weight loss by altering eating habits. (Author/DLS)

Anodization: a promising nano-modification technique of titanium implants for orthopedic applications.

PubMed

Yao, Chang; Webster, Thomas J

2006-01-01

Anodization is a well-established surface modification technique that produces protective oxide layers on valve metals such as titanium. Many studies have used anodization to produce micro-porous titanium oxide films on implant surfaces for orthopedic applications. An additional hydrothermal treatment has also been used in conjunction with anodization to deposit hydroxyapatite on titanium surfaces; this is in contrast to using traditional plasma spray deposition techniques. Recently, the ability to create nanometer surface structures (e.g., nano-tubular) via anodization of titanium implants in fluorine solutions have intrigued investigators to fabricate nano-scale surface features that mimic the natural bone environment. This paper will present an overview of anodization techniques used to produce micro-porous titanium oxide structures and nano-tubular oxide structures, subsequent properties of these anodized titanium surfaces, and ultimately their in vitro as well as in vivo biological responses pertinent for orthopedic applications. Lastly, this review will emphasize why anodized titanium structures that have nanometer surface features enhance bone forming cell functions.

Nanoporous Anodic Alumina Surface Modification by Electrostatic, Covalent, and Immune Complexation Binding Investigated by Capillary Filling.

PubMed

Eckstein, Chris; Acosta, Laura K; Pol, Laura; Xifré-Pérez, Elisabet; Pallares, Josep; Ferré-Borrull, Josep; Marsal, Lluis F

2018-03-28

The fluid imbibition-coupled laser interferometry (FICLI) technique has been applied to detect and quantify surface changes and pore dimension variations in nanoporous anodic alumina (NAA) structures. FICLI is a noninvasive optical technique that permits the determination of the NAA average pore radius with high accuracy. In this work, the technique is applied after each step of different surface modification paths of the NAA pores: (i) electrostatic immobilization of bovine serum albumin (BSA), (ii) covalent attachment of streptavidin via (3-aminipropyl)-triethoxysilane and glutaraldehyde grafting, and (iii) immune complexation. Results show that BSA attachment can be detected as a reduction in estimated radius from FICLI with high accuracy and reproducibility. In the case of the covalent attachment of streptavidin, FICLI is able to recognize a multilayer formation of the silane and the protein. For immune complexation, the technique is able to detect different antibody-antigen bindings and distinguish different dynamics among different immune species.

Traction suture modification to tongue-in-groove caudal septoplasty.

PubMed

Indeyeva, Y A; Lee, T S; Gordin, E; Chan, D; Ducic, Y

2018-02-01

Caudal septal deviation leads to unfavorable esthetic as well as functional effects on the nasal airway. A modification to the tongue-in-groove (TIG) technique to correct these caudal septal deformities is described. With placement of a temporary suspension suture to the caudal septum, manual traction is applied, assuring that the caudal septum remains in the midline position while it is being secured with multiple through-and-through, trans-columellar and trans-septal sutures. From 2003 to 2016, 148 patients underwent endonasal septoplasty using this modified technique, with excellent functional and cosmetic outcomes and a revision rate of 1.4%. This modified TIG technique replaces the periosteal suture that secures the caudal septum to the midline nasal crest in the original TIG technique. This simplifies the procedure and minimizes the risk of securing the caudal septum off-midline when used in endonasal septoplasty. Copyright © 2017 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Source term evaluation for combustion modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sussman, Myles A.

1993-01-01

A modification is developed for application to the source terms used in combustion modeling. The modification accounts for the error of the finite difference scheme in regions where chain-branching chemical reactions produce exponential growth of species densities. The modification is first applied to a one-dimensional scalar model problem. It is then generalized to multiple chemical species, and used in quasi-one-dimensional computations of shock-induced combustion in a channel. Grid refinement studies demonstrate the improved accuracy of the method using this modification. The algorithm is applied in two spatial dimensions and used in simulations of steady and unsteady shock-induced combustion. Comparisons with ballistic range experiments give confidence in the numerical technique and the 9-species hydrogen-air chemistry model.

mRNA Traffic Control Reviewed: N6-Methyladenosine (m6 A) Takes the Driver's Seat.

PubMed

Visvanathan, Abhirami; Somasundaram, Kumaravel

2018-01-01

Messenger RNA is a flexible tool box that plays a key role in the dynamic regulation of gene expression. RNA modifications variegate the message conveyed by the mRNA. Similar to DNA and histone modifications, mRNA modifications are reversible and play a key role in the regulation of molecular events. Our understanding about the landscape of RNA modifications is still rudimentary in contrast to DNA and histone modifications. The major obstacle has been the lack of sensitive detection methods since they are non-editing events. However, with the advent of next-generation sequencing techniques, RNA modifications are being identified precisely at single nucleotide resolution. In recent years, methylation at the N6 position of adenine (m 6 A) has gained the attention of RNA biologists. The m 6 A modification has a set of writers (methylases), erasers (demethylases), and readers. Here, we provide a summary of interesting facts, conflicting findings, and recent advances in the technical and functional aspects of the m 6 A epitranscriptome. © 2017 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.

Detection of histone modifications in plant leaves.

PubMed

Jaskiewicz, Michal; Peterhansel, Christoph; Conrath, Uwe

2011-09-23

Chromatin structure is important for the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. In this process, chromatin remodeling, DNA methylation, and covalent modifications on the amino-terminal tails of histones H3 and H4 play essential roles(1-2). H3 and H4 histone modifications include methylation of lysine and arginine, acetylation of lysine, and phosphorylation of serine residues(1-2). These modifications are associated either with gene activation, repression, or a primed state of gene that supports more rapid and robust activation of expression after perception of appropriate signals (microbe-associated molecular patterns, light, hormones, etc.)(3-7). Here, we present a method for the reliable and sensitive detection of specific chromatin modifications on selected plant genes. The technique is based on the crosslinking of (modified) histones and DNA with formaldehyde(8,9), extraction and sonication of chromatin, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) with modification-specific antibodies(9,10), de-crosslinking of histone-DNA complexes, and gene-specific real-time quantitative PCR. The approach has proven useful for detecting specific histone modifications associated with C(4;) photosynthesis in maize(5,11) and systemic immunity in Arabidopsis(3).

Mapping protease substrates using a biotinylated phage substrate library.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scholle, M. D.; Kriplani, U.; Pabon, A.

We describe a bacteriophage M13 substrate library encoding the AviTag (BirA substrate) and combinatorial heptamer peptides displayed at the N terminus of the mature form of capsid protein III. Phages are biotinylated efficiently (> or = 50%) when grown in E. coli cells coexpressing BirA, and such viral particles can be immobilized on a streptavidin-coated support and released by protease cleavage within the combinatorial peptide. We have used this library to map the specificity of human Factor Xa and a neuropeptidase, neurolysin (EC3.4.24.16). Validation by analysis of isolated peptide substrates has revealed that neurolysin recognizes the motif hydrophobic-X-Pro-Arg-hydrophobic, where Arg-hydrophobicmore » is the scissile bond.« less

Vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty for female urethral stricture: A novel modification of surgical technique

PubMed Central

Gani, Johan; Chee, Justin

2016-01-01

Purpose To present a novel modification of surgical technique to treat female urethral stricture (FUS) by a vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal urethroplasty. Recurrent FUS represents an uncommon, though difficult clinical scenario to manage definitively. A variety of surgical techniques have been described to date, yet a lack of consensus on the optimal procedure persists. Materials and Methods We present a 51-year-old female with urethral stricture involving the entire urethra. Suspected etiology was iatrogenic from cystoscopy 17 years prior. Since then, the patient had undergone at least 25 formal urethral dilations and periods of self-dilation. In lithotomy position, the urethra was dilated to accommodate forceps, and ventral urethrotomy carried out sharply, exposing a bed of periurethral tissue. Buccal mucosa was harvested, and a ventral inlay technique facilitated by a nasal speculum, was used to place the graft from the proximal urethra/bladder neck to urethral meatus without a vaginal incision. Graft was sutured into place, and urethral Foley catheter inserted. Results The vaginal-sparing ventral buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty was deemed successful as of last follow-up. Flexible cystoscopy demonstrated patency of the repair at 6 months. At 10 months of follow-up, the patient was voiding well, with no urinary incontinence. No further interventions have been required. Conclusions This case describes a novel modification of surgical technique for performing buccal mucosal urethroplasty for FUS. By avoiding incision of the vaginal mucosa, benefits may include reduced: morbidity, urinary incontinence, and wound complications including urethro-vaginal fistula. PMID:27437540

Effectiveness of two different behavioral modification techniques among 5-7-year-old children: A randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Vishwakarma, Aruna Prashanth; Bondarde, Prashant Arjun; Patil, Sudha Bhimangouda; Dodamani, Arun Suresh; Vishwakarma, Prashanth Yachrappa; Mujawar, Shoeb A

2017-01-01

Dental fear is a common, essential, and inevitable emotion that appears as a response to the stressful situation, which raises children's anxiety level, resulting in reduced demand for pediatric dental care. (1) To compare and evaluate the effectiveness of customized tell-play-do (TPD) technique with live modeling for behavior management of children. (2) To compare the behavioral modification techniques in managing the children during their dental visits. Ninety-eight children aged 5-7 years were enrolled in the study and randomly allocated into two groups. Phase I: first visit. Group I - children were conditioned to receive various dental procedures using live modeling followed by oral prophylaxis. Group II - TPD technique was introduced with customized playing dental objects followed by oral prophylaxis. Phase II: second visit. After 7 days interval, all the study subjects were subjected to rotary restorative treatment. Heart rate, Facial Image Scale (FIS), and Venham-6-point index were used before intervention, after intervention, and during dental procedure to quantify the anxious behavior. All 98 children after intervention underwent oral prophylaxis on first visit and rotary restorative treatment on second visit. The average pulse rate, FIS, and Venham scale scores were significantly lower among children who received TPD intervention when compared to those who received live modeling intervention. Unpaired t-test at 5% level of significance was considered as statistical significance. TPD is effective in reducing children's fear and anxiety about dental treatment, children enjoy playing with customized dental object. Thus, to promote adaptive behavior, TPD could be an alternate behavioral modification technique during pediatric dentistry.

True left-sided gallbladder: A case report and comparison with the literature for the different techniques of laparoscopic cholecystectomy for such anomalies.

PubMed

Saafan, Tamer; Hu, James Yi; Mahfouz, Ahmed-Emad; Abdelaal, Abdelrahman

2018-01-01

True left-sided gallbladder (LSG) is a rare finding that may present with symptoms similar to those of a normally positioned gallbladder. Moreover, it may be missed by preoperative imaging studies such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or endoscopic ultrasound. True left-sided gallbladder is a surgical challenge and surgical technique may need to be modified for the completion of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. In this case report, we present a case of true left-sided gallbladder that produced right-sided abdominal symptoms. Ultrasound of the abdomen failed to show the left-sided position of the gallbladder. MRI showed the gallbladder located to the left of the ligamentum teres underneath segment III of the liver. Intraoperatively, the gallbladder was grasped and retracted to the right under the falciform ligament and it was removed using classical right-sided ports with no modification to the technique. No complications were encountered intraoperatively or postoperatively. True LSG is a rare anomaly that may present with right-sided symptoms like normally positioned gallbladder. It may be missed in preoperative imaging studies and can be discovered only intraoperatively. Modification of laparoscopic ports, change in patient's position and/or surgeon's position, or conversion to open cholecystectomy may be needed for safe removal of the gallbladder. Classical technique of laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible for left-sided gallbladder. However, if the anatomy is not clear, modifications of the surgical technique may be necessary for the safe dissection of the gallbladder. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Current modifications to totally laparoscopic "apron technique".

PubMed

Dion, Yves-Marie; Thaveau, Fabien; Fearn, Shirley J

2003-08-01

Since our original description in 1997 of a totally laparoscopic technique for treatment of aortoiliac disease, this type of minimally invasive procedure has been used both in the United States and abroad. We describe improvements that should make this technique more easily reproducible. This modified procedure was offered to six patients, one of whom received a tube graft for treatment of aneurysm disease.

Formation of a 1,8-octanedithiol self-assembled monolayer on Au(111) prepared in a lyotropic liquid-crystalline medium.

PubMed

García Raya, Daniel; Madueño, Rafael; Blázquez, Manuel; Pineda, Teresa

2010-07-20

A characterization of the 1,8-octanedithiol (ODT) self-assembled monolayer (SAM) formed from a Triton X-100 lyotropic medium has been conducted by electrochemical techniques. It is found that an ODT layer of standing-up molecules is obtained at short modification time without removing oxygen from the medium. The electrochemical study shows that the ODT layer formed after 15 min of modification time has similar electron-transfer blocking properties to the layers formed from organic solvents at much longer modification times. On the basis of XPS data, it is demonstrated that the inability to bind gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is due to the presence of extra ODT molecules either interdigited or on top of the layer. Treatment consisting of an acid washing step following the formation of the ODT-Au(111) SAM produces a layer that is able to attach AuNPs as demonstrated by electrochemical techniques and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images.

Surface Modification of Dental Titanium Implant by Layer-by-Layer Electrostatic Self-Assembly

PubMed Central

Shi, Quan; Qian, Zhiyong; Liu, Donghua; Liu, Hongchen

2017-01-01

In vivo implants that are composed of titanium and titanium alloys as raw materials are widely used in the fields of biology and medicine. In the field of dental medicine, titanium is considered to be an ideal dental implant material. Good osseointegration and soft tissue closure are the foundation for the success of dental implants. Therefore, the enhancement of the osseointegration and antibacterial abilities of titanium and its alloys has been the focus of much research. With its many advantages, layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly is a self-assembly technique that is used to develop multilayer films based on complementary interactions between differently charged polyelectrolytes. The LbL approach provides new methods and applications for the surface modification of dental titanium implant. In this review, the application of the LbL technique to surface modification of titanium including promoting osteogenesis and osseointegration, promoting the formation and healing of soft tissues, improving the antibacterial properties of titanium implant, achieving local drug delivery and sustained release is summarized. PMID:28824462

TOPICAL REVIEW: Surface modification and characterization for dispersion stability of inorganic nanometer-scaled particles in liquid media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kamiya, Hidehiro; Iijima, Motoyuki

2010-08-01

Inorganic nanoparticles are indispensable for science and technology as materials, pigments and cosmetics products. Improving the dispersion stability of nanoparticles in various liquids is essential for those applications. In this review, we discuss why it is difficult to control the stability of nanoparticles in liquids. We also overview the role of surface interaction between nanoparticles in their dispersion and characterization, e.g. by colloid probe atomic force microscopy (CP-AFM). Two types of surface modification concepts, post-synthesis and in situ modification, were investigated in many previous studies. Here, we focus on post-synthesis modification using adsorption of various kinds of polymer dispersants and surfactants on the particle surface, as well as surface chemical reactions of silane coupling agents. We discuss CP-AFM as a technique to analyze the surface interaction between nanoparticles and the effect of surface modification on the nanoparticle dispersion in liquids.

On the diagnostic emulation technique and its use in the AIRLAB

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Migneault, Gerard E.

1988-01-01

An aid is presented for understanding and judging the relevance of the diagnostic emulation technique to studies of highly reliable, digital computing systems for aircraft. A short review is presented of the need for and the use of the technique as well as an explanation of its principles of operation and implementation. Details that would be needed for operational control or modification of existing versions of the technique are not described.

Graphic arts techniques and equipment: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Technology utilization of NASA sponsored projects involving graphic arts techniques and equipment is discussed. The subjects considered are: (1) modification to graphics tools, (1) new graphics tools, (3) visual aids for graphics, and (4) graphic arts shop hints. Photographs and diagrams are included to support the written material.

Development and application of operational techniques for the inventory and monitoring of resources and uses for the Texas coastal zone. [Galvaston Bay and San Antonio test sites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, R. (Principal Investigator); Harwood, P.; Finley, R.; Clements, G.; Lodwick, L.; Mcculloch, S.; Marphy, D.

1976-01-01

The author has identified the following significant results. The most significant ADP result was the modification of the DAM package to produce classified printouts, scaled and registered to U.S.G.S., 71/2 minute topographic maps from LARSYS-type classification files. With this modification, all the powerful scaling and registration capabilities of DAM become available for multiclass classification files. The most significant results with respect to image interpretation were the application of mapping techniques to a new, more complex area, and the refinement of an image interpretation procedure which should yield the best results.

Invited Review Article: Tip modification methods for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and colloidal probe technique: A 10 year update (2006-2016) review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, C. C.; Zhang, D.; Gan, Y.

2017-03-01

Engineering atomic force microscopy tips for reliable tip enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS) and colloidal probe technique are becoming routine practices in many labs. In this 10 year update review, various new tip modification methods developed over the past decade are briefly reviewed to help researchers select the appropriate method. The perspective is put in a large context to discuss the opportunities and challenges in this area, including novel combinations of seemingly different methods, potential applications of some methods which were not originally intended for TERS tip fabrication, and the problems of high cost and poor reproducibility of tip fabrication.

A simple algorithm for quantifying DNA methylation levels on multiple independent CpG sites in bisulfite genomic sequencing electropherograms.

PubMed

Leakey, Tatiana I; Zielinski, Jerzy; Siegfried, Rachel N; Siegel, Eric R; Fan, Chun-Yang; Cooney, Craig A

2008-06-01

DNA methylation at cytosines is a widely studied epigenetic modification. Methylation is commonly detected using bisulfite modification of DNA followed by PCR and additional techniques such as restriction digestion or sequencing. These additional techniques are either laborious, require specialized equipment, or are not quantitative. Here we describe a simple algorithm that yields quantitative results from analysis of conventional four-dye-trace sequencing. We call this method Mquant and we compare it with the established laboratory method of combined bisulfite restriction assay (COBRA). This analysis of sequencing electropherograms provides a simple, easily applied method to quantify DNA methylation at specific CpG sites.

Assessment of Speech in Primary Cleft Palate by Two-layer Closure (Conservative Management).

PubMed

Jain, Harsha; Rao, Dayashankara; Sharma, Shailender; Gupta, Saurabh

2012-01-01

Treatment of the cleft palate has evolved over a long period of time. Various techniques of cleft palate repair that are practiced today are the results of principles learned through many years of modifications. The challenge in the art of modern palatoplasty is no longer successful closure of the cleft palate but an optimal speech outcome without compromising maxillofacial growth. Throughout these periods of evolution in the treatment of cleft palate, the effectiveness of various treatment protocols has been challenged by controversies concerning speech and maxillofacial growth. In this article we have evaluated the results of Pinto's modification of Wardill-Kilner palatoplasty without radical dissection of the levator veli palitini muscle on speech and post-op fistula in two different age groups in 20 patients. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative speech assessment values indicated that two-layer palatoplasty (modified Wardill-Kilner V-Y pushback technique) without an intravelar veloplasty technique was good for speech.

A comprehensive review of techniques for biofunctionalization of titanium

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

A number of surface modification techniques using immobilization of biofunctional molecules of Titanium (Ti) for dental implants as well as surface properties of Ti and Ti alloys have been developed. The method using passive surface oxide film on titanium takes advantage of the fact that the surface film on Ti consists mainly of amorphous or low-crystalline and non-stoichiometric TiO2. In another method, the reconstruction of passive films, calcium phosphate naturally forms on Ti and its alloys, which is characteristic of Ti. A third method uses the surface active hydroxyl group. The oxide surface immediately reacts with water molecules and hydroxyl groups are formed. The hydroxyl groups dissociate in aqueous solutions and show acidic and basic properties. Several additional methods are also possible, including surface modification techniques, immobilization of poly(ethylene glycol), and immobilization of biomolecules such as bone morphogenetic protein, peptide, collagen, hydrogel, and gelatin. PMID:22324003

Sulfenic acid chemistry, detection and cellular lifetime☆

PubMed Central

Gupta, Vinayak; Carroll, Kate S.

2014-01-01

Background Reactive oxygen species-mediated cysteine sulfenic acid modification has emerged as an important regulatory mechanism in cell signaling. The stability of sulfenic acid in proteins is dictated by the local microenvironment and ability of antioxidants to reduce this modification. Several techniques for detecting this cysteine modification have been developed, including direct and in situ methods. Scope of review This review presents a historical discussion of sulfenic acid chemistry and highlights key examples of this modification in proteins. A comprehensive survey of available detection techniques with advantages and limitations is discussed. Finally, issues pertaining to rates of sulfenic acid formation, reduction, and chemical trapping methods are also covered. Major conclusions Early chemical models of sulfenic acid yielded important insights into the unique reactivity of this species. Subsequent pioneering studies led to the characterization of sulfenic acid formation in proteins. In parallel, the discovery of oxidant-mediated cell signaling pathways and pathological oxidative stress has led to significant interest in methods to detect these modifications. Advanced methods allow for direct chemical trapping of protein sulfenic acids directly in cells and tissues. At the same time, many sulfenic acids are short-lived and the reactivity of current probes must be improved to sample these species, while at the same time, preserving their chemical selectivity. Inhibitors with binding scaffolds can be rationally designed to target sulfenic acid modifications in specific proteins. General significance Ever increasing roles for protein sulfenic acids have been uncovered in physiology and pathology. A more complete understanding of sulfenic acid-mediated regulatory mechanisms will continue to require rigorous and new chemical insights. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Current methods to study reactive oxygen species - pros and cons and biophysics of membrane proteins. Guest Editor: Christine Winterbourn. PMID:23748139

Methods for stable recording of short-circuit current in a Na+-transporting epithelium.

PubMed

Gondzik, Veronika; Awayda, Mouhamed S

2011-07-01

Epithelial Na(+) transport as measured by a variety of techniques, including the short-circuit current technique, has been described to exhibit a "rundown" phenomenon. This phenomenon manifests as time-dependent decrease of current and resistance and precludes the ability to carry out prolonged experiments aimed at examining the regulation of this transport. We developed methods for prolonged stable recordings of epithelial Na(+) transport using modifications of the short-circuit current technique and commercial Ussing-type chambers. We utilize the polarized MDCK cell line expressing the epithelial Na(+) channel (ENaC) to describe these methods. Briefly, existing commercial chambers were modified to allow continuous flow of Ringer solution and precise control of such flow. Chamber manifolds and associated plumbing were modified to allow precise temperature clamp preventing temperature oscillations. Recording electrodes were modified to eliminate the use of KCl and prevent membrane depolarization from KCl leakage. Solutions utilized standard bicarbonate-based buffers, but all gasses were prehydrated to clamp buffer osmolarity. We demonstrate that these modifications result in measurements of current and resistance that are stable for at least 2 h. We further demonstrate that drifts in osmolarity similar to those obtained before prior to our modifications can lead to a decrease of current and resistance similar to those attributed to rundown.

Compositional and structural analysis of nitrogen incorporated and ion implanted diamond thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garratt, Elias James

Significant progress in area of nano-structured thin film systems has taken place in recent decades. In particular, diamond thin film systems are being widely studied for their wear resistant, optical and electronic properties. Of the various methods researchers use to modify the structure of such films, three techniques in particular are of interest due to their versatility: modification of the growth atmosphere, growth on metalized substrates, providing an interfacial layer, and modification through post-growth ion implantation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects each has to the structure and composition of elements. Different techniques are applied in each section; nitrogen gas dilution in a microwave plasma CVD system, diamond deposition on a metal interfacial layer and ion implantation in thin nanocrystalline diamond film. The forms of nanocrystalline diamond film resulting from such modifications are investigated using advanced spectroscopic and spectrometric techniques, as well as mechanical testing and surface mapping. The impact of these characterizations will provide valuable perspective to researchers in materials science. Understanding the changes to the structure and properties of this class of thin films, which can be induced through various mechanisms, will allow future researchers to refine these films towards technological applications in areas of hard coatings, electronics and photonics.

Evaluating Groups for Training Parents in Child Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aitchison, Robert A.; Liberman, Robert Paul

The Oxnard (California) Community Mental Health Center reports on evaluation of efforts to train parents in child management skills using behavior modification techniques. Rigorous training procedures, curriculum, and evaluation techniques have been developed over the past two years. Twenty groups of 3-15 parents have received training in behavior…

Treatment of Renal Calculi with Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy

PubMed Central

Eberwein, P. M.; Denstedt, J. D.

1992-01-01

In 12 years, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy has replaced other treatment techniques for most surgical calculi in the upper urinary tract. Worldwide clinical series have documented its efficacy. Technological advances and modifications have significantly expanded the clinical applications of this technique. Imagesp1673-aFigure 3 PMID:21221368

Role of Discrepant Questioning Leading to Model Element Modification

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rea-Ramirez, Mary Anne; Nunez-Oviedo, Maria Cecilia; Clement, John

2009-01-01

Discrepant questioning is a teaching technique that can help students "unlearn" misconceptions and process science ideas for deep understanding. Discrepant questioning is a technique in which teachers question students in a way that requires them to examine their ideas or models, without giving information prematurely to the student or passing…

"Intelligent" Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI) Applications. Interim Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, John Seely; And Others

Interim work is documented describing efforts to modify computer techniques used to recognize and process English language requests to an instructional simulator. The conversion from a hand-coded to a table driven technique are described in detail. Other modifications to a simulation based computer assisted instruction program to allow a gaming…

Problems in Aggression: Three Case Studies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holt, Wilma J.

This paper reviews three studies which illustrate the use of two different techniques of behavior modification to control aggression in preschool children in classroom situations. The first technique demonstrated the use of "time-out" as a mild punishment procedure. The teacher changed events following aggression by briefly removing the child from…

Using the One-More-Than Technique to Teach Money Counting to Individuals with Moderate Mental Retardation: A Systematic Replication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denny, Paula J.; Test, David W.

1995-01-01

This study extended use of the One-More-Than technique by using a "cents-pile modification"; one-, five-, and ten-dollar bills; and mixed training of all dollar amounts. Three high school students with moderate mental retardation each learned to use the technique to count out nontrained amounts and to make community purchases. (Author/PB)

An optimized staining technique for the detection of Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria within tissue.

PubMed

Becerra, Sandra C; Roy, Daniel C; Sanchez, Carlos J; Christy, Robert J; Burmeister, David M

2016-04-12

Bacterial infections are a common clinical problem in both acute and chronic wounds. With growing concerns over antibiotic resistance, treatment of bacterial infections should only occur after positive diagnosis. Currently, diagnosis is delayed due to lengthy culturing methods which may also fail to identify the presence of bacteria. While newer costly bacterial identification methods are being explored, a simple and inexpensive diagnostic tool would aid in immediate and accurate treatments for bacterial infections. Histologically, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Gram stains have been employed, but are far from optimal when analyzing tissue samples due to non-specific staining. The goal of the current study was to develop a modification of the Gram stain that enhances the contrast between bacteria and host tissue. A modified Gram stain was developed and tested as an alternative to Gram stain that improves the contrast between Gram positive bacteria, Gram negative bacteria and host tissue. Initially, clinically relevant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were visualized in vitro and in biopsies of infected, porcine burns using routine Gram stain, and immunohistochemistry techniques involving bacterial strain-specific fluorescent antibodies as validation tools. H&E and Gram stain of serial biopsy sections were then compared to a modification of the Gram stain incorporating a counterstain that highlights collagen found in tissue. The modified Gram stain clearly identified both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, and when compared to H&E or Gram stain alone provided excellent contrast between bacteria and non-viable burn eschar. Moreover, when applied to surgical biopsies from patients that underwent burn debridement this technique was able to clearly detect bacterial morphology within host tissue. We describe a modification of the Gram stain that provides improved contrast of Gram positive and Gram negative microorganisms within host tissue. The samples used in this study demonstrate that this staining technique has laboratory and clinical applicability. This modification only adds minutes to traditional Gram stain with reusable reagents, and results in a cost- and time-efficient technique for identifying bacteria in any clinical biopsy containing connective tissue.

Reversible electrochemical modification of the surface of a semiconductor by an atomic-force microscope probe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kozhukhov, A. S., E-mail: antonkozhukhov@yandex.ru; Sheglov, D. V.; Latyshev, A. V.

A technique for reversible surface modification with an atomic-force-microscope (AFM) probe is suggested. In this method, no significant mechanical or topographic changes occur upon a local variation in the surface potential of a sample under the AFM probe. The method allows a controlled relative change in the ohmic resistance of a channel in a Hall bridge within the range 20–25%.

Posttranscriptional modifications in the A-loop of 23S rRNAs from selected archaea and eubacteria.

PubMed Central

Hansen, M A; Kirpekar, F; Ritterbusch, W; Vester, B

2002-01-01

Posttranscriptional modifications were mapped in helices 90-92 of 23S rRNA from the following phylogenetically diverse organisms: Haloarcula marismortui, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus stearothermophilus. Helix 92 is a component of the ribosomal A-site, which contacts the aminoacyl-tRNA during protein synthesis, implying that posttranscriptional modifications in helices 90-92 may be important for ribosome function. RNA fragments were isolated from 23S rRNA by site-directed RNase H digestion. A novel method of mapping modifications by analysis of short, nucleotide-specific, RNase digestion fragments with Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) was utilized. The MALDI-MS data were complemented by two primer extension techniques using reverse transcriptase. One technique utilizes decreasing concentrations of deoxynucleotide triphosphates to map 2'-O-ribose methylations. In the other, the rRNA is chemically modified, followed by mild alkaline hydrolysis to map pseudouridines (psis). A total of 10 posttranscriptionally methylated nucleotides and 6 psis were detected in the five organisms. Eight of the methylated nucleotides and one psi have not been reported previously. The distribution of modified nucleotides and their locations on the surface of the ribosomal peptidyl transferase cleft suggests functional importance. PMID:11911366

The Influence of Green Surface Modification of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber by Superheated Steam on the Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Stability of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposite

PubMed Central

Then, Yoon Yee; Ibrahim, Nor Azowa; Zainuddin, Norhazlin; Ariffin, Hidayah; Yunus, Wan Md Zin Wan; Chieng, Buong Woei

2014-01-01

In this paper, superheated steam (SHS) was used as cost effective and green processing technique to modify oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) for biocomposite applications. The purpose of this modification was to promote the adhesion between fiber and thermoplastic. The modification was carried out in a SHS oven at various temperature (200–230 °C) and time (30–120 min) under normal atmospheric pressure. The biocomposites from SHS-treated OPMFs and poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) at a weight ratio of 70:30 were prepared by melt blending technique. The mechanical properties and dimensional stability of the biocomposites were evaluated. This study showed that the SHS treatment increased the roughness of the fiber surface due to the removal of surface impurities and hemicellulose. The tensile, flexural and impact properties, as well as dimensional stability of the biocomposites were markedly enhanced by the presence of SHS-treated OPMF. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed improvement of interfacial adhesion between PBS and SHS-treated OPMF. This work demonstrated that SHS could be used as an eco-friendly and sustainable processing method for modification of OPMF in biocomposite fabrication. PMID:25177865

Benefits of Atrial Substrate Modification Guided by Electrogram Similarity and Phase Mapping Techniques to Eliminate Rotors and Focal Sources Versus Conventional Defragmentation in Persistent Atrial Fibrillation.

PubMed

Lin, Yenn-Jiang; Lo, Men-Tzung; Chang, Shih-Lin; Lo, Li-Wei; Hu, Yu-Feng; Chao, Tze-Fan; Chung, Fa-Po; Liao, Jo-Nan; Lin, Chin-Yu; Kuo, Huan-Yu; Chang, Yi-Chung; Lin, Chen; Tuan, Ta-Chuan; Vincent Young, Hsu-Wen; Suenari, Kazuyoshi; Dan Do, Van Buu; Raharjo, Suunu Budhi; Huang, Norden E; Chen, Shih-Ann

2016-11-01

This prospective study compared the efficacy of atrial substrate modification guided by a nonlinear phase mapping technique with that of conventional substrate ablation. The optimal ablation strategy for persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) was unknown. In phase 1 study, we applied a cellular automation technique to simulate the electrical wave propagation to improve the phase mapping algorithm, involving analysis of high-similarity electrogram regions. In addition, we defined rotors and focal AF sources, using the physical parameters of the divergence and curvature forces. In phase 2 study, we enrolled 68 patients with persistent AF undergoing substrate modification into 2 groups, group-1 (n = 34) underwent similarity index (SI) and phase mapping techniques; group-2 (n = 34) received complex fractionated atrial electrogram ablation with commercially available software. Group-1 received real-time waveform similarity measurements in which a phase mapping algorithm was applied to localize the sources. We evaluated the single-procedure freedom from AF. In group-1, we identified an average of 2.6 ± 0.89 SI regions per chamber. These regions involved rotors and focal sources in 65% and 77% of patients in group-1, respectively. Group-1 patients had shorter ablation procedure times, higher termination rates, and significant reduction in AF recurrence compared to group-2 and a trend toward benefit for all atrial arrhythmias. Multivariate analysis showed that substrate mapping using nonlinear similarity and phase mapping was the independent predictor of freedom from AF recurrence (hazard ratio: 0.26; 95% confidence interval: 0.09 to 0.74; p = 0.01). Our study showed that for persistent AF ablation, a specified substrate modification guided by nonlinear phase mapping could eliminate localized re-entry and non-pulmonary focal sources after pulmonary vein isolation. Copyright © 2016 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A data compression technique for synthetic aperture radar images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frost, V. S.; Minden, G. J.

1986-01-01

A data compression technique is developed for synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery. The technique is based on an SAR image model and is designed to preserve the local statistics in the image by an adaptive variable rate modification of block truncation coding (BTC). A data rate of approximately 1.6 bit/pixel is achieved with the technique while maintaining the image quality and cultural (pointlike) targets. The algorithm requires no large data storage and is computationally simple.

Techniques for forced response involving discrete nonlinearities. I - Theory. II - Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avitabile, Peter; Callahan, John O.

Several new techniques developed for the forced response analysis of systems containing discrete nonlinear connection elements are presented and compared to the traditional methods. In particular, the techniques examined are the Equivalent Reduced Model Technique (ERMT), Modal Modification Response Technique (MMRT), and Component Element Method (CEM). The general theory of the techniques is presented, and applications are discussed with particular reference to the beam nonlinear system model using ERMT, MMRT, and CEM; frame nonlinear response using the three techniques; and comparison of the results obtained by using the ERMT, MMRT, and CEM models.

Reuse fo a Cold War Surveillance Drone to Flight Test a NASA Rocket Based Combined Cycle Engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, T. M.; Smith, Norm

1999-01-01

Plans for and early feasibility investigations into the modification of a Lockheed D21B drone to flight test the DRACO Rocket Based Combined Cycle (RBCC) engine are discussed. Modifications include the addition of oxidizer tanks, modern avionics systems, actuators, and a vehicle recovery system. Current study results indicate that the D21B is a suitable candidate for this application and will allow demonstrations of all DRACO engine operating modes at Mach numbers between 0.8 and 4.0. Higher Mach numbers may be achieved with more extensive modification. Possible project risks include low speed stability and control, and recovery techniques.

Microcontact Printing Patterning of an HOPG Surface by an Inverse Electron Demand Diels-Alder Reaction.

PubMed

Zhu, Jun; Hiltz, Jonathan; Tefashe, Ushula M; Mauzeroll, Janine; Lennox, R Bruce

2018-06-21

The chemical modification of an sp 2 hybridized carbon surface in a controllable manner is very challenging but also crucial for many applications. An inverse electron demand Diels-Alder (IEDDA) reaction using microcontact printing technique is introduced to spatially control the modification of a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surface under ambient conditions. The covalent modification was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, XPS, and SECM. Tetrazine derivatives can effectively react with an HOPG surface and with microcontact printing methods resulting in spatially patterned surfaces being produced with micrometer-scale resolution. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Functionalization of chitosan by click chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheaburu-Yilmaz, Catalina Natalia; Karavana, Sinem Yaprak; Yilmaz, Onur

2017-12-01

Chitosan modification represents a challenge nowadays. The variety of compounds which can be obtained with various architectures and different functionalities made it attractive to be used in fields like pharmacy and material science. Presents study deals with the chemical modification of chitosan by using click chemistry technique. The study adopted the approach of clicking azidated chitosan with a synthesized alkyne terminated polymer i.e. poly N isopropylacrylamide with thermoresponsive properties. Structures were confirmed by the FT-IR and HNMR spectra. Thermal characterization was performed showing different thermal behaviour with the chemical modification. The final synthesized graft copolymer can play important role within pharmaceutical formulations carrying drugs for topical or oral treatments.

Adaptive Flight Control Design with Optimal Control Modification on an F-18 Aircraft Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burken, John J.; Nguyen, Nhan T.; Griffin, Brian J.

2010-01-01

In the presence of large uncertainties, a control system needs to be able to adapt rapidly to regain performance. Fast adaptation is referred to as the implementation of adaptive control with a large adaptive gain to reduce the tracking error rapidly; however, a large adaptive gain can lead to high-frequency oscillations which can adversely affect the robustness of an adaptive control law. A new adaptive control modification is presented that can achieve robust adaptation with a large adaptive gain without incurring high-frequency oscillations as with the standard model-reference adaptive control. The modification is based on the minimization of the Y2 norm of the tracking error, which is formulated as an optimal control problem. The optimality condition is used to derive the modification using the gradient method. The optimal control modification results in a stable adaptation and allows a large adaptive gain to be used for better tracking while providing sufficient robustness. A damping term (v) is added in the modification to increase damping as needed. Simulations were conducted on a damaged F-18 aircraft (McDonnell Douglas, now The Boeing Company, Chicago, Illinois) with both the standard baseline dynamic inversion controller and the adaptive optimal control modification technique. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modification in tracking a reference model.

"Passing loop" technique: a new modification of the piggyback technique tailored to voluminous liver grafts--case report.

PubMed

Eldeen, F Z; Lee, C-F; Lee, C-S; Chan, K-M; Lee, W-C

2013-03-01

The modified piggyback technique with side-to-side cavocavostomy decreases the risk of outflow obstruction compared with the standard piggyback method. However, this modification is not ideal for recipients who receive a graft that is voluminous or bears an enlarged caudate lobe. We modified the inferior vena cava (IVC) preservation technique against deleterious complications of compression by using a passing loop. A 49-year-old woman, who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation for hepatic failure, was allocated a large-size liver. In anticipation of serious caval compression due to the voluminous grafts, we kept the suprahepatic or infrahepatic donor caval cuffs open for an anastomosis. The first anastomosis was performed between suprahepatic donor IVC cuff and recipient middle-left hepatic vein common channel; the second anastomosis was a terminolateral cavocavostomy between infrahepatic donor IVC cuff and the anterior wall of the recipient's IVC. When the liver circulation was restored, the donor retrohepatic vena cava served as a passing loop for both hepatic venous outflow and infra-diaphragmatic venous return to bypass possible IVC compression. Our technique may solve a dilemna for patients receiving voluminous liver grafts. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Estimation of color modification in digital images by CFA pattern change.

PubMed

Choi, Chang-Hee; Lee, Hae-Yeoun; Lee, Heung-Kyu

2013-03-10

Extensive studies have been carried out for detecting image forgery such as copy-move, re-sampling, blurring, and contrast enhancement. Although color modification is a common forgery technique, there is no reported forensic method for detecting this type of manipulation. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for estimating color modification in images acquired from digital cameras when the images are modified. Most commercial digital cameras are equipped with a color filter array (CFA) for acquiring the color information of each pixel. As a result, the images acquired from such digital cameras include a trace from the CFA pattern. This pattern is composed of the basic red green blue (RGB) colors, and it is changed when color modification is carried out on the image. We designed an advanced intermediate value counting method for measuring the change in the CFA pattern and estimating the extent of color modification. The proposed method is verified experimentally by using 10,366 test images. The results confirmed the ability of the proposed method to estimate color modification with high accuracy. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Translating Current Bioanalytical Techniques for Studying Corona Activity.

PubMed

Wang, Chunming; Wang, Zhenzhen; Dong, Lei

2018-07-01

The recent discovery of the biological corona is revolutionising our understanding of the in vivo behaviour of nanomaterials. Accurate analysis of corona bioactivity is essential for predicting the fate of nanomaterials and thereby improving nanomedicine design. Nevertheless, current biotechniques for protein analysis are not readily adaptable for analysing corona proteins, given that their conformation, activity, and interaction may largely differ from those of the native proteins. Here, we introduce and propose tailor-made modifications to five types of mainstream bioanalytical methodologies. We specifically illustrate how these modifications can translate existing techniques for protein analysis into competent tools for dissecting the composition, bioactivity, and interaction (with both nanomaterials and the tissue) of corona formed on specific nanomaterial surfaces. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Parameter Estimation for a Hybrid Adaptive Flight Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Stefan F.; Nguyen, Nhan T.; Kaneshige, John; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje

2009-01-01

This paper expands on the hybrid control architecture developed at the NASA Ames Research Center by addressing issues related to indirect adaptation using the recursive least squares (RLS) algorithm. Specifically, the hybrid control architecture is an adaptive flight controller that features both direct and indirect adaptation techniques. This paper will focus almost exclusively on the modifications necessary to achieve quality indirect adaptive control. Additionally this paper will present results that, using a full non -linear aircraft model, demonstrate the effectiveness of the hybrid control architecture given drastic changes in an aircraft s dynamics. Throughout the development of this topic, a thorough discussion of the RLS algorithm as a system identification technique will be provided along with results from seven well-known modifications to the popular RLS algorithm.

Effect of STOP technique on safety climate in a construction company.

PubMed

Darvishi, Ebrahim; Maleki, Afshin; Dehestaniathar, Saeed; Ebrahemzadih, Mehrzad

2015-01-01

Safety programs are a core part of safety management in workplaces that can reduce incidents and injuries. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of Safety Training Observation Program (STOP) technique as a behavior modification program on safety climate in a construction company. This cross-sectional study was carried out on workers of the Petrochemical Construction Company, western Iran. In order to improve safety climate, an unsafe behavior modification program entitled STOP was launched among workers of project during 12 months from April 2013 and April 2014. The STOP technique effectiveness in creating a positive safety climate was evaluated using the Safety Climate Assessment Toolkit. 76.78% of total behaviors were unsafe. 54.76% of total unsafe acts/ at-risk behaviors were related to the fall hazard. The most cause of unsafe behaviors was associated with habit and unavailability of safety equipment. After 12 month of continuous implementation the STOP technique, 55.8% of unsafe behaviors reduced among workers. The average score of safety climate evaluated using of the Toolkit, before and after the implementation of the STOP technique was 5.77 and 7.24, respectively. The STOP technique can be considered as effective approach for eliminating at-risk behavior, reinforcing safe work practices, and creating a positive safety climate in order to reduction incidents/injuries.

The Use of Behavior Therapy Techniques in Crisis-Intervention: A Case Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balson, Paul M.

1971-01-01

In the case of a man with an acute onset of stuttering and massive free floating anxiety following an automobile accident, a variety of behavioral techniques, including relaxation training, assertive training, graded rehearsal and modification of behavioral operants were employed, with the complete eradication of the symptoms in five sessions. The…

Simple and Rapid System for Two-Dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Technique: A Laboratory Exercise for High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maurye, Praveen; Basu, Arpita; Biswas, Jayanta Kumar; Bandyopadhyay, Tapas Kumar; Naskar, Malay

2018-01-01

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) is the most classical technique favored worldwide for resolution of macromolecules in many biochemistry laboratories due to its incessant advanced developments and wide modifications. These ever-growing advancements in the basic laboratory equipments lead to emergence of many expensive, complex, and tricky…

Situational Management, Standard Setting, and Self-Reward in a Behavior Modification Weight Loss Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Stanley L.; Jeffrey, D. Balfour

1978-01-01

In comprehensive wieght loss program, overweight women exposed to instruction in self-standard setting and to situational management techniques lost more weight than those instructed only in situational management techniques. Findings illustrate facilitative effect of teaching individuals to set specific, objective, and realistic goals for eating…

Efficient operating system level virtualization techniques for cloud resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ansu, R.; Samiksha; Anju, S.; Singh, K. John

2017-11-01

Cloud computing is an advancing technology which provides the servcies of Infrastructure, Platform and Software. Virtualization and Computer utility are the keys of Cloud computing. The numbers of cloud users are increasing day by day. So it is the need of the hour to make resources available on demand to satisfy user requirements. The technique in which resources namely storage, processing power, memory and network or I/O are abstracted is known as Virtualization. For executing the operating systems various virtualization techniques are available. They are: Full System Virtualization and Para Virtualization. In Full Virtualization, the whole architecture of hardware is duplicated virtually. No modifications are required in Guest OS as the OS deals with the VM hypervisor directly. In Para Virtualization, modifications of OS is required to run in parallel with other OS. For the Guest OS to access the hardware, the host OS must provide a Virtual Machine Interface. OS virtualization has many advantages such as migrating applications transparently, consolidation of server, online maintenance of OS and providing security. This paper briefs both the virtualization techniques and discusses the issues in OS level virtualization.

Meter shop equipment, techniques, and operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, R.F.

1995-12-01

The development of new equipment inevitably results in new techniques and operational procedures to be implemented. Innovative techniques can result in operational changes and the development of new equipment. An operational modification opens the door for the development of new ideas, new equipment, and new techniques. This constant cycle of change promotes a continuous series of economic evaluations and decisions. Equipment and technological changes in measuring natural gas have resulted in modifications from past practices. The changes underway today will influence the way we plan and budget for the future, and, most notably, will change the way we repair gasmore » meters. The meter shop of today will need to look at the way that these changes will become available and how they will help efforts in reducing costs and increasing productivity. For instance, the standard three- and four-chambered diaphragm gas meter design has not been significantly changed in the past few decades aside from having heavy, cast iron bodies changed to lightweight aluminum bodies and utilizing a few plastic parts. But changes have been made, and more are on the threshold.« less

Metal-organic framework tethering PNIPAM for ON-OFF controlled release in solution.

PubMed

Nagata, Shunjiro; Kokado, Kenta; Sada, Kazuki

2015-05-21

A smart metal-organic framework (MOF) exhibiting controlled release was achieved by modification with a thermoresponsive polymer (PNIPAM) via a surface-selective post-synthetic modification technique. Simple temperature variation readily switches "open" (lower temperature) and "closed" (higher temperature) states of the polymer-modified MOF through conformational change of PNIPAM grafted onto the MOF, resulting in controlled release of the included guest molecules such as resorufin, caffeine, and procainamide.

Endoscopic brow lifts uber alles.

PubMed

Patel, Bhupendra C K

2006-12-01

Innumerable approaches to the ptotic brow and forehead have been described in the past. Over the last twenty-five years, we have used all these techniques in cosmetic and reconstructive patients. We have used the endoscopic brow lift technique since 1995. While no one technique is applicable to all patients, the endoscopic brow lift, with appropriate modifications for individual patients, can be used effectively for most patients with brow ptosis. We present the nuances of this technique and show several different fixation methods we have found useful.

Laser frequency stabilization and control through offset sideband locking to optical cavities.

PubMed

Thorpe, J I; Numata, K; Livas, J

2008-09-29

We describe a class of techniques whereby a laser frequency can be stabilized to a fixed optical cavity resonance with an adjustable offset, providing a wide tuning range for the central frequency. These techniques require only minor modifications to the standard Pound-Drever-Hall locking techniques and have the advantage of not altering the intrinsic stability of the frequency reference. We discuss the expected performance and limitations of these techniques and present a laboratory investigation in which both the sideband techniques and the standard, on-tunable Pound-Drever- Hall technique reached the 100Hz/square root(Hz) level.

A Novel Tool for Microbial Genome Editing Using the Restriction-Modification System.

PubMed

Bai, Hua; Deng, Aihua; Liu, Shuwen; Cui, Di; Qiu, Qidi; Wang, Laiyou; Yang, Zhao; Wu, Jie; Shang, Xiuling; Zhang, Yun; Wen, Tingyi

2018-01-19

Scarless genetic manipulation of genomes is an essential tool for biological research. The restriction-modification (R-M) system is a defense system in bacteria that protects against invading genomes on the basis of its ability to distinguish foreign DNA from self DNA. Here, we designed an R-M system-mediated genome editing (RMGE) technique for scarless genetic manipulation in different microorganisms. For bacteria with Type IV REase, an RMGE technique using the inducible DNA methyltransferase gene, bceSIIM (RMGE-bceSIIM), as the counter-selection cassette was developed to edit the genome of Escherichia coli. For bacteria without Type IV REase, an RMGE technique based on a restriction endonuclease (RMGE-mcrA) was established in Bacillus subtilis. These techniques were successfully used for gene deletion and replacement with nearly 100% counter-selection efficiencies, which were higher and more stable compared to conventional methods. Furthermore, precise point mutation without limiting sites was achieved in E. coli using RMGE-bceSIIM to introduce a single base mutation of A128C into the rpsL gene. In addition, the RMGE-mcrA technique was applied to delete the CAN1 gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae DAY414 with 100% counter-selection efficiency. The effectiveness of the RMGE technique in E. coli, B. subtilis, and S. cerevisiae suggests the potential universal usefulness of this technique for microbial genome manipulation.

RNA Framework: an all-in-one toolkit for the analysis of RNA structures and post-transcriptional modifications.

PubMed

Incarnato, Danny; Morandi, Edoardo; Simon, Lisa Marie; Oliviero, Salvatore

2018-06-09

RNA is emerging as a key regulator of a plethora of biological processes. While its study has remained elusive for decades, the recent advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies provided the unique opportunity to develop novel techniques for the study of RNA structure and post-transcriptional modifications. Nonetheless, most of the required downstream bioinformatics analyses steps are not easily reproducible, thus making the application of these techniques a prerogative of few laboratories. Here we introduce RNA Framework, an all-in-one toolkit for the analysis of most NGS-based RNA structure probing and post-transcriptional modification mapping experiments. To prove the extreme versatility of RNA Framework, we applied it to both an in-house generated DMS-MaPseq dataset, and to a series of literature available experiments. Notably, when starting from publicly available datasets, our software easily allows replicating authors' findings. Collectively, RNA Framework provides the most complete and versatile toolkit to date for a rapid and streamlined analysis of the RNA epistructurome. RNA Framework is available for download at: http://www.rnaframework.com.

Visualization by discharge illumination technique and modification by plasma actuator of rarefied Mach 2 airflow around a cylinder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leger, L.; Sellam, M.; Barbosa, E.; Depussay, E.

2013-06-01

The use of plasma actuators for flow control has received considerable attention in recent years. This kind of device seems to be an appropriate means of raising abilities in flow control thanks to total electric control, no moving parts and a fast response time. The experimental work presented here shows, firstly, the non-intrusive character of the visualization of the density field of an airflow around a cylinder obtained using a plasma luminescence technique. Experiments are made in a continuous supersonic wind tunnel. The static pressure in the flow is 8 Pa, the mean free path is about 0.3 mm and the airflow velocity is 510 m s-1. Pressure measurements obtained by means of glass Pitot tube without the visualization discharge are proposed. Measured and simulated pressure profiles are in good agreement in the region near the cylinder. There is good correlation between numerical simulations of the supersonic flow field, analytical model predictions and experimental flow visualizations obtained by a plasma luminescence technique. Consequently, we show that the plasma luminescence technique is non-intrusive. Secondly, the effect of a dc discharge on a supersonic rarefied air flow around a cylinder is studied. An electrode is flush mounted on the cylinder. Stagnation pressure profiles are examined for different electrode positions on the cylinder. A shock wave modification depending on the electrode location is observed. The discharge placed at the upstream stagnation point induces an upstream shift of the bow shock, whereas a modification of the shock wave shape is observed when it is placed at 45° or 90°.

Wolffian duct derivative anomalies: technical considerations when encountered during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy.

PubMed

Acharya, Sujeet S; Gundeti, Mohan S; Zagaja, Gregory P; Shalhav, Arieh L; Zorn, Kevin C

2009-04-01

Although malformations of the genitourinary tract are typically identified during childhood, they can remain silent until incidental detection in evaluation and treatment of other pathologies during adulthood. The advent of the minimally invasive era in urologic surgery has given rise to unique challenges in the surgical management of anomalies of the genitourinary tract. This article reviews the embryology of anomalies of Wolffian duct (WD) derivatives with specific attention to the seminal vesicles, vas deferens, ureter, and kidneys. This is followed by a discussion of the history of the laparoscopic approach to WD derivative anomalies. Finally, we present two cases to describe technical considerations when managing these anomalies when encountered during robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy. The University of Chicago Robotic Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy (RLRP) database was reviewed for cases where anomalies of WD derivatives were encountered. We describe how modifications in technique allowed for completion of the procedure without difficulty. None Of the 1230 RLRP procedures performed at our institution by three surgeons, only two cases (0.16%) have been noted to have a WD anomaly. These cases were able to be completed without difficulty by making simple modifications in technique. Although uncommon, it is important for the urologist to be familiar with the origin and surgical management of WD anomalies, particularly when detected incidentally during surgery. Simple modifications in technique allow for completion of RLRP without difficulty.

Treatment of table olive processing wastewaters using novel photomodified ultrafiltration membranes as first step for recovering phenolic compounds.

PubMed

Garcia-Ivars, Jorge; Iborra-Clar, Maria-Isabel; Alcaina-Miranda, Maria-Isabel; Mendoza-Roca, José-Antonio; Pastor-Alcañiz, Laura

2015-06-15

Table olive processing wastewaters (TOPW) have high salt concentration and total phenolic content (TPC) causing many environmental problems. To reduce them, ultrafiltration (UF) was applied for treating TOPW. However, NaCl, which is the main responsible of salinity in TOPW, and phenols are small molecules that cannot be separated by conventional UF membranes. They have serious problems caused by fouling, which can be overcome using membrane modification techniques. For these reasons, photomodification may be an effective technique to obtain a stream rich in TPC due to the changes in membrane surface properties. UV-modification in the presence of two hydrophilic compounds (polyethylene glycol and aluminium oxide) was performed to achieve membranes with high reductions of organic matter and to keep the TPC as high as possible. Commercial polyethersulfone (PES) membranes of 30 kDa were used. Surface modification was evaluated using FTIR-ATR spectroscopy and membrane performance was studied by calculating the rejection ratios of colour, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TPC. Results demonstrated that UF is a useful pre-treatment to reduce organic matter from TOPW, obtaining a permeate rich in TPC. PES/Al2O3 membranes displayed superior antifouling properties and rejection values, keeping high the TPC (>95%). Therefore, UF using modified membranes is an appropriate and sustainable technique for treating TOPW. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Analysis and modification of blue sapphires from Rwanda by ion beam techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bootkul, D.; Chaiwai, C.; Tippawan, U.; Wanthanachaisaeng, B.; Intarasiri, S.

2015-12-01

Blue sapphire is categorised in a corundum (Al2O3) group. The gems of this group are always amazed by their beauties and thus having high value. In this study, blue sapphires from Rwanda, recently came to Thai gemstone industry, are chosen for investigations. On one hand, we have applied Particle Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE), which is a highly sensitive and precise analytical technique that can be used to identify and quantify trace elements, for chemical analysis of the sapphires. Here we have found that the major element of blue sapphires from Rwanda is Al with trace elements such as Fe, Ti, Cr, Ga and Mg as are commonly found in normal blue sapphire. On the other hand, we have applied low and medium ion implantations for color improvement of the sapphire. It seems that a high amount of energy transferring during cascade collisions have altered the gems properties. We have clearly seen that the blue color of the sapphires have been intensified after nitrogen ion bombardment. In addition, the gems were also having more transparent and luster. The UV-Vis-NIR measurement detected the modification of their absorption properties, implying of the blue color increasing. Here the mechanism of these modifications is postulated and reported. In any point of view, the bombardment by using nitrogen ion beam is a promising technique for quality improvement of the blue sapphire from Rwanda.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vincenti, H.; Vay, J. -L.

Due to discretization effects and truncation to finite domains, many electromagnetic simulations present non-physical modifications of Maxwell's equations in space that may generate spurious signals affecting the overall accuracy of the result. Such modifications for instance occur when Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) are used at simulation domain boundaries to simulate open media. Another example is the use of arbitrary order Maxwell solver with domain decomposition technique that may under some condition involve stencil truncations at subdomain boundaries, resulting in small spurious errors that do eventually build up. In each case, a careful evaluation of the characteristics and magnitude of themore » errors resulting from these approximations, and their impact at any frequency and angle, requires detailed analytical and numerical studies. To this end, we present a general analytical approach that enables the evaluation of numerical discretization errors of fully three-dimensional arbitrary order finite-difference Maxwell solver, with arbitrary modification of the local stencil in the simulation domain. The analytical model is validated against simulations of domain decomposition technique and PMLs, when these are used with very high-order Maxwell solver, as well as in the infinite order limit of pseudo-spectral solvers. Results confirm that the new analytical approach enables exact predictions in each case. It also confirms that the domain decomposition technique can be used with very high-order Maxwell solver and a reasonably low number of guard cells with negligible effects on the whole accuracy of the simulation.« less

An Artificial Particle Precipitation Technique Using HAARP-Generated VLF Waves

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-02

AFRL-VS-HA-TR-2007-1021 An Artificial Particle Precipitation Technique Using HAARP -Generated VLF Waves O o o r- Q M. J. Kosch T. Pedersen J...Artificial Particle Precipitation Technique Using HAARP Generated VLF Waves. 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 62101F...model. The frequency-time modulated VLF wave patterns have been successfully implemented at the HAARP ionospheric modification facility in Alaska

[Percutaneous ablation of metastases: where are we and new techniques].

PubMed

Palussière, Jean; Buy, Xavier; Fonck, Mariane

2013-04-01

When a metastatic disease is localized and slowly evolving either spontaneously or after a general treatment, a local treatment may be proposed. For about 15 years, image-guided percutaneous ablation has been developed which allows to treat tumors with temperature modifications. These mini-invasive techniques may be repeated in patients whose disease may be chronic. Ablation techniques are also used in a more palliative manner on bone metastases to obtain pain relief.

Affinity Electrophoresis Using Ligands Attached To Polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Alstine, James M.; Snyder, Robert S.; Harris, J. M.; Brooks, D. E.

1990-01-01

In new technique, reduction of electrophoretic mobilities by addition of polyethylene glycol to ligands increases electrophoretic separabilities. In immuno-affinity electrophoresis, modification of ligands extends specificity of electrophoretic separation to particles having surface electric-charge structures otherwise making them electrophoretically inseparable. Modification of antibodies by polyethylene glycol greatly reduces ability to aggregate while enhancing ability to affect electrophoretic mobilities of cells. In hydrophobic-affinity electrophoresis, addition of polyethylene glycol reduces tendency toward aggregation of cells or macromolecules.

Effects of sterilization processes on NiTi alloy: surface characterization.

PubMed

Thierry, B; Tabrizian, M; Savadogo, O; Yahia, L

2000-01-01

Sterilization is required for using any device in contact with the human body. Numerous authors have studied device properties after sterilization and reported on bulk and surface modifications of many materials after processing. These surface modifications may in turn influence device biocompatibility. Still, data are missing on the effect of sterilization procedures on new biomaterials such as nickel-titanium (NiTi). Herein we report on the effect of dry heat, steam autoclaving, ethylene oxide, peracetic acid, and plasma-based sterilization techniques on the surface properties of NiTi. After processing electropolished NiTi disks with these techniques, surface analyses were performed by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and contact angle measurements. AES analyses revealed a higher Ni concentration (6-7 vs. 1%) and a slightly thicker oxide layer on the surface for heat and ethylene oxide processed materials. Studies of surface topography by AFM showed up to a threefold increase of the surface roughness when disks were dry heat sterilized. An increase of the surface energy of up to 100% was calculated for plasma treated surfaces. Our results point out that some surface modifications are induced by sterilization procedures. Further work is required to assess the effect of these modifications on biocompatibility, and to determine the most appropriate methods to sterilize NiTi. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

A Chemical-Adsorption Strategy to Enhance the Reaction Kinetics of Lithium-Rich Layered Cathodes via Double-Shell Surface Modification.

PubMed

Guo, Lichao; Li, Jiajun; Cao, Tingting; Wang, Huayu; Zhao, Naiqin; He, Fang; Shi, Chunsheng; He, Chunnian; Liu, Enzuo

2016-09-21

Sluggish surface reaction kinetics hinders the power density of Li-ion battery. Thus, various surface modification techniques have been applied to enhance the electronic/ionic transfer kinetics. However, it is challenging to obtain a continuous and uniform surface modification layer on the prime particles with structure integration at the interface. Instead of classic physical-adsorption/deposition techniques, we propose a novel chemical-adsorption strategy to synthesize double-shell modified lithium-rich layered cathodes with enhanced mass transfer kinetics. On the basis of experimental measurement and first-principles calculation, MoO2S2 ions are proved to joint the layered phase via chemical bonding. Specifically, the Mo-O or Mo-S bonds can flexibly rotate to bond with the cations in the layered phase, leading to the good compatibility between the thiomolybdate adsorption layer and layered cathode. Followed by annealing treatment, the lithium-excess-spinel inner shell forms under the thiomolybdate adsorption layer and functions as favorable pathways for lithium and electron. Meanwhile, the nanothick MoO3-x(SO4)x outer shell protects the transition metal from dissolution and restrains electrolyte decomposition. The double-shell modified sample delivers an enhanced discharge capacity almost twice as much as that of the unmodified one at 1 A g(-1) after 100 cycles, demonstrating the superiority of the surface modification based on chemical adsorption.

Constraint-based strain design using continuous modifications (CosMos) of flux bounds finds new strategies for metabolic engineering.

PubMed

Cotten, Cameron; Reed, Jennifer L

2013-05-01

In recent years, a growing number of metabolic engineering strain design techniques have employed constraint-based modeling to determine metabolic and regulatory network changes which are needed to improve chemical production. These methods use systems-level analysis of metabolism to help guide experimental efforts by identifying deletions, additions, downregulations, and upregulations of metabolic genes that will increase biological production of a desired metabolic product. In this work, we propose a new strain design method with continuous modifications (CosMos) that provides strategies for deletions, downregulations, and upregulations of fluxes that will lead to the production of the desired products. The method is conceptually simple and easy to implement, and can provide additional strategies over current approaches. We found that the method was able to find strain design strategies that required fewer modifications and had larger predicted yields than strategies from previous methods in example and genome-scale networks. Using CosMos, we identified modification strategies for producing a variety of metabolic products, compared strategies derived from Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolic models, and examined how imperfect implementation may affect experimental outcomes. This study gives a powerful and flexible technique for strain engineering and examines some of the unexpected outcomes that may arise when strategies are implemented experimentally. Copyright © 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Modifying the ionosphere with intense radio waves.

PubMed

Utlaut, W F; Cohen, R

1971-10-15

The ionospheric modification experiments provide an opportunity to better understand the aeronomy of the natural ionosphere and also afford the control of a naturally occurring plasma, which will make possible further progress in plasma physics. The ionospheric modification by powerful radio waves is analogous to studies of laser and microwave heating of laboratory plasmas (20). " Anomalous" reflectivity effects similar to the observed ionospheric attenuation have already been noted in plasmas modulated by microwaves, and anomalous heating may have been observed in plasmas irradiated by lasers. Contacts have now been established between the workers in these diverse areas, which span a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Perhaps ionospheric modification will also be a valuable technique in radio communications.

Modifications of the metabolic pathways of lipid and triacylglycerol production in microalgae

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Microalgae have presented themselves as a strong candidate to replace diminishing oil reserves as a source of lipids for biofuels. Here we describe successful modifications of terrestrial plant lipid content which increase overall lipid production or shift the balance of lipid production towards lipid varieties more useful for biofuel production. Our discussion ranges from the biosynthetic pathways and rate limiting steps of triacylglycerol formation to enzymes required for the formation of triacylglycerol containing exotic lipids. Secondarily, we discuss techniques for genetic engineering and modification of various microalgae which can be combined with insights gained from research in higher plants to aid in the creation of production strains of microalgae. PMID:22047615

Thermal stress modification in regenerated fiber Bragg grating via manipulation of glass transition temperature based on CO₂-laser annealing.

PubMed

Lai, Man-Hong; Lim, Kok-Sing; Gunawardena, Dinusha S; Yang, Hang-Zhou; Chong, Wu-Yi; Ahmad, Harith

2015-03-01

In this work, we have demonstrated thermal stress relaxation in regenerated fiber Bragg gratings (RFBGs) by using direct CO₂-laser annealing technique. After the isothermal annealing and slow cooling process, the Bragg wavelength of the RFBG has been red-shifted. This modification is reversible by re-annealing and rapid cooling. It is repeatable with different cooling process in the subsequent annealing treatments. This phenomenon can be attributed to the thermal stress modification in the fiber core by means of manipulation of glass transition temperature with different cooling rates. This finding in this investigation is important for accurate temperature measurement of RFBG in dynamic environment.

Strong Cation Exchange Chromatography in Analysis of Posttranslational Modifications: Innovations and Perspectives

PubMed Central

Edelmann, Mariola J.

2011-01-01

Strong cation exchange (SCX) chromatography has been utilized as an excellent separation technique that can be combined with reversed-phase (RP) chromatography, which is frequently used in peptide mass spectrometry. Although SCX is valuable as the second component of such two-dimensional separation methods, its application goes far beyond efficient fractionation of complex peptide mixtures. Here I describe how SCX facilitates mapping of the protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs), specifically phosphorylation and N-terminal acetylation. The SCX chromatography has been mainly used for enrichment of these two PTMs, but it might also be beneficial for high-throughput analysis of other modifications that alter the net charge of a peptide. PMID:22174558

High energy polarimetry of positron beams

DOE PAGES

Gaskell, D.

2018-05-01

Møller and Compton polarimetry are the primary techniques used for high energy electron polarimetry at Jefferson Lab. Both techniques can also be used for positron polarimetry, in principle. However, some modifications to the configuration and/or operating mode of the existing devices will likely be required for use with the types of positron beams currently under consideration at Jefferson Lab.

High energy polarimetry of positron beams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaskell, D.

2018-05-01

Møller and Compton polarimetry are the primary techniques used for high energy electron polarimetry at Jefferson Lab. In principle, both techniques can also be used for positron polarimetry. However, some modifications to the configuration and/or operating mode of the existing devices will likely be required for use with the types of positron beams currently under consideration at Jefferson Lab.

General review of the MOSTAS computer code for wind turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dungundji, J.; Wendell, J. H.

1981-01-01

The MOSTAS computer code for wind turbine analysis is reviewed, and techniques and methods used in its analyses are described. Impressions of its strengths and weakness, and recommendations for its application, modification, and further development are made. Basic techniques used in wind turbine stability and response analyses for systems with constant and periodic coefficients are reviewed.

PERSONNEL TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT.

DTIC Science & Technology

skills training, supervisory training, training for disadvantaged workers, and management development. It begins by discussing recent developments...and techniques of behavior modification. The most recent developments in training techniques are outlined. Methods for training disadvantaged ...of training and development outcomes are reviewed. The bulk of the empirical literature is concentrated in three areas: laboratory education, programmed instruction, and training the disadvantaged . (Author)

A Review on the Modification of Polysaccharide Through Graft Copolymerization for Various Potential Applications

PubMed Central

Kumar, Deepak; Pandey, Jyoti; Raj, Vinit; Kumar, Pramendra

2017-01-01

Introduction: Graft copolymerization is one of the most promising technique uses to modify the properties of naturally available polymers with a minimum loss in their native characteristics. Methods and Materials: Graft copolymerization is a very significant technique to add hybrid properties in backbone of polymers. The grafting generally initiated through the formation of free radical centers on the polymer backbone as well as monomer. Results: Grafted polysaccharides have various applications in different important scientific areas such as drug delivery, pharmaceutical field, plastic industry, waste water treatment, tannery effluent treatment, textile industry, agriculture area, etc. all of this fascinated us to summarize the major research articles over the last two decades outlining different methods of grafting, surface modification, graft copolymerization of synthetic and natural polymers. Conclusion: Various redox initiator systems viz. Ceric ammonium nitrate, per sulfate, Irradiation, FAS-H2O2 etc. is also explored for grafting of vinyl through conventional and non-conventional techniques. PMID:29151987

Surface Modification Enhanced Reflection Intensity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Sensors upon Molecular Adsorption.

PubMed

Kojima, Taisuke

2018-01-01

Molecular adsorption on a sensing surface involves molecule-substrate and molecule-molecule interactions. Combining optical systems and a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) on the same sensing surface allows the quantification of such interactions and reveals the physicochemical properties of the adsorbed molecules. However, low sensitivity of the current reflection-based techniques compared to the QCM technique hinders the quantitative analysis of the adsorption events. Here, a layer-by-layer surface modification of a QCM sensor is studied to increase the optical sensitivity. The intermediate layers of organic-inorganic molecules and metal-metal oxide were explored on a gold (Au) surface of a QCM sensor. First, polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane-derivatives that served as the organic-inorganic intermediate layer were synthesized and modified on the Au-QCM surface. Meanwhile, titanium oxide, fabricated by anodic oxidation of titanium, was used as a metal-metal oxide intermediate layer on a titanium-coated QCM surface. The developed technique enabled interrogation of the molecular adsorption owing to the enhanced optical sensitivity.

Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with “Green” Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements

PubMed Central

Economou, Anastasios

2018-01-01

This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with “green” metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of “green” metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned. PMID:29596391

Screen-Printed Electrodes Modified with "Green" Metals for Electrochemical Stripping Analysis of Toxic Elements.

PubMed

Economou, Anastasios

2018-03-29

This work reviews the field of screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with "green" metals for electrochemical stripping analysis of toxic elements. Electrochemical stripping analysis has been established as a useful trace analysis technique offering many advantages compared to competing optical techniques. Although mercury has been the preferred electrode material for stripping analysis, the toxicity of mercury and the associated legal requirements in its use and disposal have prompted research towards the development of "green" metals as alternative electrode materials. When combined with the screen-printing technology, such environment-friendly metals can lead to disposable sensors for trace metal analysis with excellent operational characteristics. This review focuses on SPEs modified with Au, Bi, Sb, and Sn for stripping analysis of toxic elements. Different modification approaches (electroplating, bulk modification, use of metal precursors, microengineering techniques) are considered and representative applications are described. A developing related field, namely biosensing based on stripping analysis of metallic nanoprobe labels, is also briefly mentioned.

Advanced Technical Considerations for Implanting the t-Branch Off-the-Shelf Multibranched Stent-Graft to Treat Thoracoabdominal Aneurysms.

PubMed

Ferreira, Marcelo; Ferreira, Diego; Cunha, Rodrigo; Bicalho, Guilherme; Rodrigues, Eduardo

2018-06-01

To demonstrate different techniques and device modifications that can expand the anatomic suitability of the off-the-shelf multibranched t-Branch for treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm. The t-Branch device is not customized for specific patient anatomy, and the most frequent limitations to its use are an inadequate sealing zone and renal artery anatomy. Experience with this device has prompted the development of several techniques that can be employed to maximize the suitability of this stent-graft. Advice is offered on modification of the device to minimize the risk of paraplegia or better match patient anatomy. Maneuvers are explained to ease delivery through tortuous anatomy or existing stent-grafts, catheterize visceral target vessels, select a bridging stent, reduce ischemia time in the limbs, and alter the configuration of the branches. Employing adjunctive maneuvers can increase the anatomic suitability of the t-Branch; in our experience, these techniques have increased the applicability to more than 80% of all elective and urgent thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm cases.

Applications of physiological bases of ageing to forensic sciences. Estimation of age-at-death.

PubMed

C Zapico, Sara; Ubelaker, Douglas H

2013-03-01

Age-at-death estimation is one of the main challenges in forensic sciences since it contributes to the identification of individuals. There are many anthropological techniques to estimate the age at death in children and adults. However, in adults this methodology is less accurate and requires population specific references. For that reason, new methodologies have been developed. Biochemical methods are based on the natural process of ageing, which induces different biochemical changes that lead to alterations in cells and tissues. In this review, we describe different attempts to estimate the age in adults based on these changes. Chemical approaches imply modifications in molecules or accumulation of some products. Molecular biology approaches analyze the modifications in DNA and chromosomes. Although the most accurate technique appears to be aspartic acid racemization, it is important to take into account the other techniques because the forensic context and the human remains available will determine the possibility to apply one or another methodology. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Speech in Primary Cleft Palate by Two-layer Closure (Conservative Management)

PubMed Central

Jain, Harsha; Rao, Dayashankara; Sharma, Shailender; Gupta, Saurabh

2012-01-01

Treatment of the cleft palate has evolved over a long period of time. Various techniques of cleft palate repair that are practiced today are the results of principles learned through many years of modifications. The challenge in the art of modern palatoplasty is no longer successful closure of the cleft palate but an optimal speech outcome without compromising maxillofacial growth. Throughout these periods of evolution in the treatment of cleft palate, the effectiveness of various treatment protocols has been challenged by controversies concerning speech and maxillofacial growth. In this article we have evaluated the results of Pinto's modification of Wardill–Kilner palatoplasty without radical dissection of the levator veli palitini muscle on speech and post-op fistula in two different age groups in 20 patients. Preoperative and 6-month postoperative speech assessment values indicated that two-layer palatoplasty (modified Wardill–Kilner V-Y pushback technique) without an intravelar veloplasty technique was good for speech. PMID:23066454

Innovative methods for knowledge transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goanta, A. M.

2015-11-01

At this time, learning takes place, either with classic books on paper support or using books scanned or drawn and further converted into PDF or PPT files that are printed on type support CD / DVD. The latter modern means of learning, the study adds live on the Internet using search engines and not least e-learning method, which allows the study of bibliographic related materials in PDF or PPT, stacked and grouped on the basis of a curriculum imposed which can be accessed on a website via a user name and password. Innovative methods come to successfully use other file types than those mentioned above. The graphics in teaching technical subjects such as descriptive geometry can be achieved using animated PowerPoint files, allowing for visualization of steps to be taken, in the case of solving by drawing a descriptive geometry. Another innovative method relies on the use of HTML files, inspired by related sites help design software packages that can be used when teaching descriptive geometry that the technical design. Through this work, the author has proposed to present a new innovative method, which is inspired by the methods listed above, but involves using AVI files to teaching of computer-assisted type graphics or info graphics. In general this new author's method lends itself particularly well to the teaching of the use of software packages because the student actually see the place from where the delivered command is accessed and contextual options of right button of the mouse. These laboratory courses or mentoring can be freestanding cards support CD / DVD or can be posted on websites with restricted access based on user name and password. Practically paper presents the methodology of creating courses and tutorials in AVI format, and how to monitor the degree of accessing the website, on which there were posted mentioned teaching materials, using the tools offered by Google Analytics. The results consist of graphical work, about the degree of access to educational materials, made on the basis of various criteria, such as the: time of access, access location, age of those who accessed, chapters accessed, etc. Finally the author presents his findings on the benefits of this method.

TAS2R38 bitter taste genetics, dietary vitamin C, and both natural and synthetic dietary folic acid predict folate status, a key micronutrient in the pathoaetiology of adenomatous polyps.

PubMed

Lucock, Mark; Ng, Xiaowei; Boyd, Lyndell; Skinner, Virginia; Wai, Ron; Tang, Sa; Naylor, Charlotte; Yates, Zoë; Choi, Jeong-Hwa; Roach, Paul; Veysey, Martin

2011-08-01

Taste perception may influence dietary preferences and nutrient intakes contributing to diet-related disease susceptibility. This study examined bitter taste genetics and whether variation in the TAS2R38 gene at three polymorphic loci (A49P, V262A and I296V) could alter dietary and systemic folate levels and dietary vitamin C intake, and whether a nutrigenetic circuit existed that might link bitter taste, folate/antioxidant status and risk for a colonic adenomatous polyp. TAS2R38 diplotype predicted bitter taste (PROP) phenotype (p value <0.00001) and red cell folate status (p=0.0179) consistent with the diplotype that has the broadest range of bitter perception (AVI/PAV) also possessing the highest average red cell folate value. However, TAS2R38 diplotype did not predict dietary intake of methylfolic acid, pteroylmonoglutamic acid or total folic acid. Neither did it predict dietary intake of vitamin C. Despite this, intake of dietary folate predicts red cell folate with analysis pointing to a key nutrient-nutrient interaction between vitamin C intake and systemic folate status. Analysis of 38 patients with an adenomatous polyp and 164 controls showed that individually, dietary nutrient intake, nutrient status and taste diplotype did not influence polyp risk. However, red cell folate status (in individuals below the population median value) did interact with bitter taste diplotype (AVI/PAV) to predict polyp risk (p=0.0145). Furthermore, synthetic folic acid (below median intake) was statistically associated with adenoma occurrence (p=0.0215); individuals with adenomatous polyps had a 1.77× higher intake than controls. Additionally, stepwise regression taking account of all dietary nutrients showed a tight relationship between methylfolic acid (but not pteroylmonoglutamic acid) intake and red cell folate level in those with a low folate status and occurrence of an adenomatous polyp (p=0.0039). These findings point to a role for folate in the pathoaetiology of adenomatous polyps, with the natural and synthetic vitamers not necessarily having the same biological effect. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011

Dietary protection against free radicals: a case for multiple testing to establish structure-activity relationships for antioxidant potential of anthocyanic plant species.

PubMed

Philpott, Martin; Lim, Chiara Cheng; Ferguson, Lynnette R

2009-03-01

DNA damage by reactive species is associated with susceptibility to chronic human degenerative disorders. Anthocyanins are naturally occurring antioxidants, that may prevent or reverse such damage. There is considerable interest in anthocyanic food plants as good dietary sources, with the potential for reducing susceptibility to chronic disease. While structure-activity relationships have provided guidelines on molecular structure in relation to free hydroxyl-radical scavenging, this may not cover the situation in food plants where the anthocyanins are part of a complex mixture, and may be part of complex structures, including anthocyanic vacuolar inclusions (AVIs). Additionally, new analytical methods have revealed new structures in previously-studied materials. We have compared the antioxidant activities of extracts from six anthocyanin-rich edible plants (red cabbage, red lettuce, blueberries, pansies, purple sweetpotato skin, purple sweetpotato flesh and Maori potato flesh) using three chemical assays (DPPH, TRAP and ORAC), and the in vitro Comet assay. Extracts from the flowering plant, lisianthus, were used for comparison. The extracts showed differential effects in the chemical assays, suggesting that closely related structures have different affinities to scavenge different reactive species. Integration of anthocyanins to an AVI led to more sustained radical scavenging activity as compared with the free anthocyanin. All but the red lettuce extract could reduce endogenous DNA damage in HT-29 colon cancer cells. However, while extracts from purple sweetpotato skin and flesh, Maori potato and pansies, protected cells against subsequent challenge by hydrogen peroxide at 0 degrees C, red cabbage extracts were pro-oxidant, while other extracts had no effect. When the peroxide challenge was at 37 degrees C, all of the extracts appeared pro-oxidant. Maori potato extract, consistently the weakest antioxidant in all the chemical assays, was more effective in the Comet assays. These results highlight the dangers of generalising to potential health benefits, based solely on identification of high anthocyanic content in plants, results of a single antioxidant assay and traditional approaches to structure activity relationships. Subsequent studies might usefully consider complex mixtures and a battery of assays.

Comparison of anthropometric indices for predicting the risk of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese adults: a prospective, longitudinal study

PubMed Central

Wang, Haoyu; Liu, Aihua; Zhao, Tong; Gong, Xun; Pang, Tianxiao; Zhou, Yingying; Xiao, Yue; Yan, Yumeng; Fan, Chenling; Teng, Weiping; Lai, Yaxin; Shan, Zhongyan

2017-01-01

Objectives Our study aimed to distinguish the ability of anthropometric indices to assess the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS). Design Prospective cohort study. Setting Shenyang, China. Participants A total of 379 residents aged between 40 and 65 were enrolled. 253 of them were free of MetS and had been followed up for 4.5 years. Methods At baseline, all the participants underwent a thorough medical examination. A variety of anthropometric parameters were measured and calculated, including waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index, body roundness index, conicity index, waist-to-hip ratio and visceral adiposity index (VAI). After 4.5 year follow-up, we re-examined whether participants were suffering from MetS. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to examine the potential of the above indices to identify the status and risk of MetS. Outcomes Occurrence of MetS. Results At baseline, 33.2% participants suffered from MetS. All of the anthropometric indices showed clinical significance, and VAI was superior to the other indices as it was found to have the largest area under the ROC curve. After a 4.5 year follow-up, 37.8% of men and 23.9% of women developed MetS. ROC curve analysis suggested that baseline BMI was the strongest predictor of MetS for men (0.77 (0.68–0.85)), and AVI was the strongest for women (0.72 (0.64–0.79)). However, no significant difference was observed between WC and both indices. In contrast, the baseline ABSI did not predict MetS in both genders. Conclusions The present study indicated that these different indices derived from anthropometric parameters have different discriminatory abilities for MetS. Although WC did not have the largest area under the ROC curve for diagnosing and predicting MetS, it may remain a better index of MetS status and risk because of its simplicity and wide use. PMID:28928179

Novel modes and adaptive block scanning order for intra prediction in AV1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hadar, Ofer; Shleifer, Ariel; Mukherjee, Debargha; Joshi, Urvang; Mazar, Itai; Yuzvinsky, Michael; Tavor, Nitzan; Itzhak, Nati; Birman, Raz

2017-09-01

The demand for streaming video content is on the rise and growing exponentially. Networks bandwidth is very costly and therefore there is a constant effort to improve video compression rates and enable the sending of reduced data volumes while retaining quality of experience (QoE). One basic feature that utilizes the spatial correlation of pixels for video compression is Intra-Prediction, which determines the codec's compression efficiency. Intra prediction enables significant reduction of the Intra-Frame (I frame) size and, therefore, contributes to efficient exploitation of bandwidth. In this presentation, we propose new Intra-Prediction algorithms that improve the AV1 prediction model and provide better compression ratios. Two (2) types of methods are considered: )1( New scanning order method that maximizes spatial correlation in order to reduce prediction error; and )2( New Intra-Prediction modes implementation in AVI. Modern video coding standards, including AVI codec, utilize fixed scan orders in processing blocks during intra coding. The fixed scan orders typically result in residual blocks with high prediction error mainly in blocks with edges. This means that the fixed scan orders cannot fully exploit the content-adaptive spatial correlations between adjacent blocks, thus the bitrate after compression tends to be large. To reduce the bitrate induced by inaccurate intra prediction, the proposed approach adaptively chooses the scanning order of blocks according to criteria of firstly predicting blocks with maximum number of surrounding, already Inter-Predicted blocks. Using the modified scanning order method and the new modes has reduced the MSE by up to five (5) times when compared to conventional TM mode / Raster scan and up to two (2) times when compared to conventional CALIC mode / Raster scan, depending on the image characteristics (which determines the percentage of blocks predicted with Inter-Prediction, which in turn impacts the efficiency of the new scanning method). For the same cases, the PSNR was shown to improve by up to 7.4dB and up to 4 dB, respectively. The new modes have yielded 5% improvement in BD-Rate over traditionally used modes, when run on K-Frame, which is expected to yield 1% of overall improvement.

Teaching Letter Formation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graham, Steve; Madan, Avi J.

1981-01-01

The authors describe a remedial technique for teaching letter formation to students with handwriting difficulties. The approach blends traditional procedures (modeling, physical prompts, tracing, self correction, etc.) with cognitive behavior modification principles. (CL)

Functional Electrospun Nanofibrous Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

PubMed Central

Liang, Dehai; Hsiao, Benjamin S.; Chu, Benjamin

2009-01-01

Functional nanofibrous scaffolds produced by electrospinning have great potential in many biomedical applications, such as tissue engineering, wound dressing, enzyme immobilization and drug (gene) delivery. For a specific successful application, the chemical, physical and biological properties of electrospun scaffolds should be adjusted to match the environment by using a combination of multi-component compositions and fabrication techniques where electrospinning has often become a pivotal tool. The property of the nanofibrous scaffold can be further improved with innovative development in electrospinning processes, such as two-component electrospinning and in-situ mixing electrospinning. Post modifications of electrospun membranes also provide effective means to render the electrospun scaffolds with controlled anisotropy and porosity. In this review, we review the materials, techniques and post modification methods to functionalize electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds suitable for biomedical applications. PMID:17884240

Wettability Switching Techniques on Superhydrophobic Surfaces

PubMed Central

2007-01-01

The wetting properties of superhydrophobic surfaces have generated worldwide research interest. A water drop on these surfaces forms a nearly perfect spherical pearl. Superhydrophobic materials hold considerable promise for potential applications ranging from self cleaning surfaces, completely water impermeable textiles to low cost energy displacement of liquids in lab-on-chip devices. However, the dynamic modification of the liquid droplets behavior and in particular of their wetting properties on these surfaces is still a challenging issue. In this review, after a brief overview on superhydrophobic states definition, the techniques leading to the modification of wettability behavior on superhydrophobic surfaces under specific conditions: optical, magnetic, mechanical, chemical, thermal are discussed. Finally, a focus on electrowetting is made from historical phenomenon pointed out some decades ago on classical planar hydrophobic surfaces to recent breakthrough obtained on superhydrophobic surfaces.

A nonlinear model for gas chromatograph systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feinberg, M. P.

1975-01-01

Fundamental engineering design techniques and concepts were studied for the optimization of a gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer chemical analysis system suitable for use on an unmanned, Martian roving vehicle. Previously developed mathematical models of the gas chromatograph are found to be inadequate for predicting peak heights and spreading for some experimental conditions and chemical systems. A modification to the existing equilibrium adsorption model is required; the Langmuir isotherm replaces the linear isotherm. The numerical technique of Crank-Nicolson was studied for use with the linear isotherm to determine the utility of the method. Modifications are made to the method eliminate unnecessary calculations which result in an overall reduction of the computation time of about 42 percent. The Langmuir isotherm is considered which takes into account the composition-dependent effects on the thermodynamic parameter, mRo.

Combining genomic and proteomic approaches for epigenetics research

PubMed Central

Han, Yumiao; Garcia, Benjamin A

2014-01-01

Epigenetics is the study of changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype that do not change the DNA sequence. In this review, current methods, both genomic and proteomic, associated with epigenetics research are discussed. Among them, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) followed by sequencing and other ChIP-based techniques are powerful techniques for genome-wide profiling of DNA-binding proteins, histone post-translational modifications or nucleosome positions. However, mass spectrometry-based proteomics is increasingly being used in functional biological studies and has proved to be an indispensable tool to characterize histone modifications, as well as DNA–protein and protein–protein interactions. With the development of genomic and proteomic approaches, combination of ChIP and mass spectrometry has the potential to expand our knowledge of epigenetics research to a higher level. PMID:23895656

On the value of nonremovable reminders for behavior modification: an application to nail-biting (onychophagia).

PubMed

Koritzky, Gilly; Yechiam, Eldad

2011-11-01

The authors examined the effectiveness of a novel behavior modification method for dysfunctional and impulsive habits, based on nonremovable reminders (NrRs). NrRs were implemented by having participants wear nonremovable wristbands designated to constantly remind them of their resolution to quit the targeted habit (nail-biting). Participants were 80 nail-biters who resolved to quit. The NrR approach was contrasted with an aversion-based behavioral modification technique. Recovery was assessed after 3 and 6 weeks of treatment and in a 5-month follow-up. The NrR method was associated with lower drop-out rate and was as successful as the aversion-based method altogether. When considering only non-dropouts, the aversion-based method was more effective. This suggests that the use of constantly present reminders broadens the target population that can benefit from reminders in the course of behavior modification.

Workstations for people with disabilities: an example of a virtual reality approach

PubMed Central

Budziszewski, Paweł; Grabowski, Andrzej; Milanowicz, Marcin; Jankowski, Jarosław

2016-01-01

This article describes a method of adapting workstations for workers with motion disability using computer simulation and virtual reality (VR) techniques. A workstation for grinding spring faces was used as an example. It was adjusted for two people with a disabled right upper extremity. The study had two stages. In the first, a computer human model with a visualization of maximal arm reach and preferred workspace was used to develop a preliminary modification of a virtual workstation. In the second stage, an immersive VR environment was used to assess the virtual workstation and to add further modifications. All modifications were assessed by measuring the efficiency of work and the number of movements involved. The results of the study showed that a computer simulation could be used to determine whether a worker with a disability could access all important areas of a workstation and to propose necessary modifications. PMID:26651540

Covalent modification of graphene and graphite using diazonium chemistry: tunable grafting and nanomanipulation.

PubMed

Greenwood, John; Phan, Thanh Hai; Fujita, Yasuhiko; Li, Zhi; Ivasenko, Oleksandr; Vanderlinden, Willem; Van Gorp, Hans; Frederickx, Wout; Lu, Gang; Tahara, Kazukuni; Tobe, Yoshito; Uji-I, Hiroshi; Mertens, Stijn F L; De Feyter, Steven

2015-05-26

We shine light on the covalent modification of graphite and graphene substrates using diazonium chemistry under ambient conditions. We report on the nature of the chemical modification of these graphitic substrates, the relation between molecular structure and film morphology, and the impact of the covalent modification on the properties of the substrates, as revealed by local microscopy and spectroscopy techniques and electrochemistry. By careful selection of the reagents and optimizing reaction conditions, a high density of covalently grafted molecules is obtained, a result that is demonstrated in an unprecedented way by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ambient conditions. With nanomanipulation, i.e., nanoshaving using STM, surface structuring and functionalization at the nanoscale is achieved. This manipulation leads to the removal of the covalently anchored molecules, regenerating pristine sp(2) hybridized graphene or graphite patches, as proven by space-resolved Raman microscopy and molecular self-assembly studies.

Didehydrophenylalanine, an abundant modification in the beta subunit of plant polygalacturonases.

PubMed

Sergeant, Kjell; Printz, Bruno; Gutsch, Annelie; Behr, Marc; Renaut, Jenny; Hausman, Jean-Francois

2017-01-01

The structure and the activity of proteins are often regulated by transient or stable post- translational modifications (PTM). Different from well-known, abundant modifications such as phosphorylation and glycosylation some modifications are limited to one or a few proteins across a broad range of related species. Although few examples of the latter type are known, the evolutionary conservation of these modifications and the enzymes responsible for their synthesis suggest an important physiological role. Here, the first observation of a new, fold-directing PTM is described. During the analysis of alfalfa cell wall proteins a -2Da mass shift was observed on phenylalanine residues in the repeated tetrapeptide FxxY of the beta-subunit of polygalacturonase. This modular protein is known to be involved in developmental and stress-responsive processes. The presence of this modification was confirmed using in-house and external datasets acquired by different commonly used techniques in proteome studies. Based on these analyses it was found that all identified phenylalanine residues in the sequence FxxY of this protein were modified to α,β-didehydro-Phe (ΔPhe). Besides showing the reproducible identification of ΔPhe in different species arguments that substantiate the fold-determining role of ΔPhe are given.

Robust Optimal Adaptive Control Method with Large Adaptive Gain

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nguyen, Nhan T.

2009-01-01

In the presence of large uncertainties, a control system needs to be able to adapt rapidly to regain performance. Fast adaptation is referred to the implementation of adaptive control with a large adaptive gain to reduce the tracking error rapidly. However, a large adaptive gain can lead to high-frequency oscillations which can adversely affect robustness of an adaptive control law. A new adaptive control modification is presented that can achieve robust adaptation with a large adaptive gain without incurring high-frequency oscillations as with the standard model-reference adaptive control. The modification is based on the minimization of the Y2 norm of the tracking error, which is formulated as an optimal control problem. The optimality condition is used to derive the modification using the gradient method. The optimal control modification results in a stable adaptation and allows a large adaptive gain to be used for better tracking while providing sufficient stability robustness. Simulations were conducted for a damaged generic transport aircraft with both standard adaptive control and the adaptive optimal control modification technique. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed modification in tracking a reference model while maintaining a sufficient time delay margin.

The integrated manual and automatic control of complex flight systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmidt, D. K.

1985-01-01

Pilot/vehicle analysis techniques for optimizing aircraft handling qualities are presented. The analysis approach considered is based on the optimal control frequency domain techniques. These techniques stem from an optimal control approach of a Neal-Smith like analysis on aircraft attitude dynamics extended to analyze the flared landing task. Some modifications to the technique are suggested and discussed. An in depth analysis of the effect of the experimental variables, such as prefilter, is conducted to gain further insight into the flared land task for this class of vehicle dynamics.

Long-term Evaluation of a Modified Double Staple Technique for Low Anterior Resection.

PubMed

Illuminati, G; Carboni, F; Ceccanei, G; Pacilè, M A; Pizzardi, G; Palumbo, P; Vietri, F

2014-01-01

When performing low anterior resection for rectal cancer with the double staple technique, -closing the rectum with a linear stapler in the abdomen can be challenging, especially when dealing with a narrow pelvis. For such instances we proposed to modify this technique by pulling the rectal stump through the anus, doing an extra-anal resection of the tumor and linear suture of the rectal stump, before performing a standard, stapled colorectal anastomosis. The purpose of this study was to assess the adequacy of this modification of the double staple technique. Retrospective review of 108 patients undergoing a stapled, low colorectal or coloanal anastomosis, after -eversion, extra-anal resection of the tumor and linear closure of the rectal stump for colorectal cancer, from January 1990 to December 2012. Operative mortality was 0.9%. Fourteen patients (13%) presented early, surgery-related complications -consisting of 7 anastomotic leaks, 5 wound infections, 1 ureteral lesion, and 1 peristomal abscess. Late complications related to surgery included 5 incisional hernias (4.6%), 4 anastomotic strictures (3.7%), 4 neurogenic bladders (3.7%) and 2 fecal incontinences (1.8%). The incidence of local disease recurrence was 10%. Surgical and oncological results validate the proposed modification of the double staple technique, when facing difficulties in suturing the rectum from the abdomen. Copyright© Acta Chirurgica Belgica.

Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias: A simple modification for better outcome.

PubMed

Seleim, Hamed M; Morsi, Hani; Elbarbary, Mohamed M

2017-06-01

Although staged repair for reconstructing severe hypospadias is more popular, various one-stage repairs have been attempted. Koyanagi repair (parameatal-based and fully extended circumferential foreskin flap urethroplasty) has enabled correction of severe hypospadias in one stage. However, its un-acceptably high incidence of complications has initiated a series of technical modifications, including the "yoke" repair. To retrospectively analyze the outcome of a proposed modification of the originally described yoke repair, for patients with severe hypospadias. This modification was developed to reduce complications. Over 4 years (between Jan 2011 and Jan 2015), all cases of severe hypospadias were included in this study; except those with prior attempts at repair, circumcised cases, and cases with severe hypogonadism - because of partial androgen insensitivity - not responding to hormonal manipulations. The make-up of the neo-urethra in this modification is the urethral plate with its spongiosal tissue proximally, a circum-coronal preputial pedicled flap in the middle, and an incorporated part of the augmented preputial flap and the preserved V-shaped glanular urethra, distally. Close postoperative follow-up was conducted to investigate the outcome. Thirty-one children with a median age of 32.48 months had repair of severe hypospadias using the neo-yoke technique. After a median follow-up of 26.7 months, the overall complication rate was 16.1%. Four children developed urethrocutaneous fistula (12.9%). Meatal drop-back occurred in one case (3.2%). No meatal stenosis or urethral sacculation was detected during follow-up of the studied group. Almost all cases had cosmetically appealing outlook. Single-staged repair of severe hypospadias using parameatal foreskin-based urethroplasty has passed through different modifications, all aimed at optimizing the outcome (Table). Neo-yoke repair for severe hypospadias is a natural development of established one-stage techniques, which resulted in better mid-term outcomes. However, an extended study is needed to declare the long-term results. Copyright © 2017 Journal of Pediatric Urology Company. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Aryl-modified graphene quantum dots with enhanced photoluminescence and improved pH tolerance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Peihui; Ji, Zhe; Li, Chun; Shi, Gaoquan

2013-07-01

Chemical modification is an important technique to modulate the chemical and optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). In this paper, we report a versatile diazonium chemistry method to graft aryl groups including phenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-sulfophenyl and 5-sulfonaphthyl to GQDs via Gomberg-Bachmann reaction. The aryl-modified GQDs are nanocrystals with lateral dimensions in the range of 2-4 nm and an average thickness lower than 1 nm. Upon chemical modification with aryl groups, the photoluminescence (PL) bands of GQDs were tuned in the range of 418 and 447 nm, and their fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) were increased for up to about 6 times. Furthermore, the aryl-modified GQDs exhibited stable PL (both intensity and peak position) in a wide pH window of 1-11. The mechanism of improving the PL properties of GQDs by aryl-modification was also discussed.Chemical modification is an important technique to modulate the chemical and optical properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs). In this paper, we report a versatile diazonium chemistry method to graft aryl groups including phenyl, 4-carboxyphenyl, 4-sulfophenyl and 5-sulfonaphthyl to GQDs via Gomberg-Bachmann reaction. The aryl-modified GQDs are nanocrystals with lateral dimensions in the range of 2-4 nm and an average thickness lower than 1 nm. Upon chemical modification with aryl groups, the photoluminescence (PL) bands of GQDs were tuned in the range of 418 and 447 nm, and their fluorescence quantum yields (QYs) were increased for up to about 6 times. Furthermore, the aryl-modified GQDs exhibited stable PL (both intensity and peak position) in a wide pH window of 1-11. The mechanism of improving the PL properties of GQDs by aryl-modification was also discussed. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Fluorescence quantum yield measurements, estimation of grafting ratio, TEM images, FTIR spectra, PL spectra and zeta potentials. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr02156d

Infrahepatic vena cavocavostomy, a modification of the piggyback technique for liver transplantation.

PubMed

Khanmoradi, Kamran; Defaria, Werviston; Nishida, Seigo; Levi, David; Kato, Tomoaki; Moon, Jang; Selvaggi, Gennaro; Tzakis, Andreas

2009-05-01

We describe our experience with a modification of the piggyback (PB) technique for orthotopic liver transplantation in which the donor infrahepatic vena cava is used as the venous outflow tract. From May 1997 to January 2006, a total of 109 cases using this technique were performed in 101 patients. Collected data included recipient demographics and diagnosis, warm ischemia time, use of venovenous bypass or temporary portacaval shunt and complications related to the venous outflow and graft, and patient survival. Data were compared with the patients undergoing standard PB technique during the same period. The reasons for using the technique were grouped according to whether there was a problem with the recipient hepatic veins or a concern about the length or diameter of the donor suprahepatic vena cava. These included the presence of a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (eight cases), retransplantation (22 cases), thin-walled, friable hepatic veins (32 cases), Budd-Chiari syndrome (two cases), domino liver procurement (six cases), reduced or split liver grafts (five cases), and graft inferior vena cava to recipient hepatic veins size discrepancy (34 cases). There was no graft loss. The warm ischemia time was 39.65 minutes compared with 37 minutes in the standard PB group. The long-term graft and patient survival rates were similar in the two groups. Infrahepatic vena cavocavostomy is a useful variation of the standard PB technique.

Solitons and ionospheric modification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheerin, J. P.; Nicholson, D. R.; Payne, G. L.; Hansen, P. J.; Weatherall, J. C.; Goldman, M. V.

1982-01-01

The possibility of Langmuir soliton formation and collapse during ionospheric modification is investigated. Parameters characterizing former facilities, existing facilities, and planned facilities are considered, using a combination of analytical and numerical techniques. At a spatial location corresponding to the exact classical reflection point of the modifier wave, the Langmuir wave evolution is found to be dominated by modulational instability followed by soliton formation and three-dimensional collapse. The earth's magnetic field is found to affect the shape of the collapsing soliton. These results provide an alternative explanation for some recent observations.

Subsynchronous instability of a geared centrifugal compressor of overhung design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hudson, J. H.; Wittman, L. J.

1980-01-01

The original design analysis and shop test data are presented for a three stage (poster) air compressor with impellers mounted on the extensions of a twin pinion gear, and driven by an 8000 hp synchronous motor. Also included are field test data, subsequent rotor dynamics analysis, modifications, and final rotor behavior. A subsynchronous instability existed on a geared, overhung rotor. State-of-the-art rotor dynamics analysis techniques provided a reasonable analytical model of the rotor. A bearing modification arrived at analytically eliminated the instability.

Interferometric Techniques and Data Evaluation Methods for the UTIAS 10 cm x 18 cm Hypervelocity Shock Tube

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-03-01

AFOsk- -33 3 and the National Research Council of Canada. k I Abstract The UTIAS 10 cm x 18 cm Hypervelocity Shock.-Tube has) been used in recent...Ref. 2) reported on further modifications and improvements. Since then, further modifications and changes were made by various researchers who have used...discharged through a triggered gas-type spark gap and the wire to ground. Poor ignition is minimized by adequately insulating the high voltage connection

Surface modification of poly(D,L-lactic acid) scaffolds for orthopedic applications: a biocompatible, nondestructive route via diazonium chemistry.

PubMed

Mahjoubi, Hesameddin; Kinsella, Joseph M; Murshed, Monzur; Cerruti, Marta

2014-07-09

Scaffolds made with synthetic polymers such as polyesters are commonly used in bone tissue engineering. However, their hydrophobicity and the lack of specific functionalities make their surface not ideal for cell adhesion and growth. Surface modification of these materials is thus crucial to enhance the scaffold's integration in the body. Different surface modification techniques have been developed to improve scaffold biocompatibility. Here we show that diazonium chemistry can be used to modify the outer and inner surfaces of three-dimensional poly(D,L-lactic acid) (PDLLA) scaffolds with phosphonate groups, using a simple two-step method. By changing reaction time and impregnation procedure, we were able to tune the concentration of phosphonate groups present on the scaffolds, without degrading the PDLLA matrix. To test the effectiveness of this modification, we immersed the scaffolds in simulated body fluid, and characterized them with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman, and infrared spectroscopy. Our results showed that a layer of hydroxyapatite particles was formed on all scaffolds after 2 and 4 weeks of immersion; however, the precipitation was faster and in larger amounts on the phosphonate-modified than on the bare PDLLA scaffolds. Both osteogenic MC3T3-E1 and chondrogenic ATDC5 cell lines showed increased cell viability/metabolic activity when grown on a phosphonated PDLLA surface in comparison to a control PDLLA surface. Also, more calcium-containing minerals were deposited by cultures grown on phosphonated PDLLA, thus showing the pro-mineralization properties of the proposed modification. This work introduces diazonium chemistry as a simple and biocompatible technique to modify scaffold surfaces, allowing to covalently and homogeneously bind a number of functional groups without degrading the scaffold's polymeric matrix.

GenInfoGuard--a robust and distortion-free watermarking technique for genetic data.

PubMed

Iftikhar, Saman; Khan, Sharifullah; Anwar, Zahid; Kamran, Muhammad

2015-01-01

Genetic data, in digital format, is used in different biological phenomena such as DNA translation, mRNA transcription and protein synthesis. The accuracy of these biological phenomena depend on genetic codes and all subsequent processes. To computerize the biological procedures, different domain experts are provided with the authorized access of the genetic codes; as a consequence, the ownership protection of such data is inevitable. For this purpose, watermarks serve as the proof of ownership of data. While protecting data, embedded hidden messages (watermarks) influence the genetic data; therefore, the accurate execution of the relevant processes and the overall result becomes questionable. Most of the DNA based watermarking techniques modify the genetic data and are therefore vulnerable to information loss. Distortion-free techniques make sure that no modifications occur during watermarking; however, they are fragile to malicious attacks and therefore cannot be used for ownership protection (particularly, in presence of a threat model). Therefore, there is a need for a technique that must be robust and should also prevent unwanted modifications. In this spirit, a watermarking technique with aforementioned characteristics has been proposed in this paper. The proposed technique makes sure that: (i) the ownership rights are protected by means of a robust watermark; and (ii) the integrity of genetic data is preserved. The proposed technique-GenInfoGuard-ensures its robustness through the "watermark encoding" in permuted values, and exhibits high decoding accuracy against various malicious attacks.

An object oriented fully 3D tomography visual toolkit.

PubMed

Agostinelli, S; Paoli, G

2001-04-01

In this paper we present a modern object oriented component object model (COMM) C + + toolkit dedicated to fully 3D cone-beam tomography. The toolkit allows the display and visual manipulation of analytical phantoms, projection sets and volumetric data through a standard Windows graphical user interface. Data input/output is performed using proprietary file formats but import/export of industry standard file formats, including raw binary, Windows bitmap and AVI, ACR/NEMA DICOMM 3 and NCSA HDF is available. At the time of writing built-in implemented data manipulators include a basic phantom ray-tracer and a Matrox Genesis frame grabbing facility. A COMM plug-in interface is provided for user-defined custom backprojector algorithms: a simple Feldkamp ActiveX control, including source code, is provided as an example; our fast Feldkamp plug-in is also available.

Duchenne muscular dystrophy drugs face tough path to approval.

PubMed

Hodgkinson, L; Sorbera, L; Graul, A I

2016-03-01

Highly anticipated as new disease-modifying treatments for Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), therapeutics by BioMarin Pharmaceutical (Kyndrisa™; drisapersen) and Sarepta Therapeutics (eteplirsen; AVI-4658) both recently received negative FDA reviews and are now facing battles for approval in the U.S. At present, BioMarin is committed to working with the FDA to forge a pathway to approval following the failure of its NDA, while Sarepta awaits the formal decision on its NDA, which is expected by late May 2016. Despite the critical nature of both reviews, analysts consider that there is still a narrow possibility of approval of both drugs. According to Consensus forecasts from Thomson Reuters Cortellis for Competitive Intelligence, Kyndrisa is forecast to achieve sales of USD 533.71 million in 2021. Copyright 2016 Prous Science, S.A.U. or its licensors. All rights reserved.

Mitigation and enhancement techniques for the Upper Mississippi River system and other large river systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schnick, Rosalie A.; Morton, John M.; Mochalski, Jeffrey C.; Beall, Jonathan T.

1982-01-01

Extensive information is provided on techniques that can reduce or eliminate the negative impact of man's activities (particularly those related to navigation) on large river systems, with special reference to the Upper Mississippi River. These techniques should help resource managers who are concerned with such river systems to establish sound environmental programs. Discussion of each technique or group of techniques include (1) situation to be mitigated or enhanced; (2) description of technique; (3) impacts on the environment; (4) costs; and (5) evaluation for use on the Upper Mississippi River Systems. The techniques are divided into four primary categories: Bank Stabilization Techniques, Dredging and Disposal of Dredged Material, Fishery Management Techniques, and Wildlife Management Techniques. Because techniques have been grouped by function, rather than by structure, some structures are discussed in several contexts. For example, gabions are discussed for use in revetments, river training structures, and breakwaters. The measures covered under Bank Stabilization Techniques include the use of riprap revetments, other revetments, bulkheads, river training structures, breakwater structures, chemical soil stabilizers, erosion-control mattings, and filter fabrics; the planting of vegetation; the creation of islands; the creation of berms or enrichment of beaches; and the control of water level and boat traffic. The discussions of Dredging and the Disposal of Dredged Material consider dredges, dredging methods, and disposal of dredged material. The following subjects are considered under Fishery Management Techniques: fish attractors; spawning structures; nursery ponds, coves, and marshes; fish screens and barriers; fish passage; water control structures; management of water levels and flows; wing dam modification; side channel modification; aeration techniques; control of nuisance aquatic plants; and manipulated of fish populations. Wildlife Management Techniques include treatments of artificial nest structures, island creation or development, marsh creation or development, greentree reservoirs and mast management, vegetation control, water level control, and revegetation.

Chondrocutaneous helix rim advancement flap: two classical and two new modifications for very large defects of the ear.

PubMed

Valesky, E M; Kaufmann, R; Meissner, M

2015-11-01

The plastic reconstruction of the ear after microscopically controlled tumor surgery is a particular challenge. The chondrocutaneous helix rim advancement flap (CHRAF) is perfectly suited for the repair of different defects of the helix and even defects beyond. Here, we describe two known and two new modifications of the CHRAF that enlarge the scope of application in tumor surgery of the ear. We demonstrate the different techniques and practical application of the repair and evaluate the benefits and limitations. The CHRAF and its modifications is an excellent method for repair of various defects of the helical region of the ear. The CHRAF and its modifications proves to be an good alternative to other methods of closure by preserving the anatomical contour and mechanical and acoustic functions in a single-staged procedure with excellent aesthetic results. The two new modifications we introduced here, enlarge the known armentarium for very large defects of the upper pole and the mid-helix of the ear. © 2014 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Ion beam modification of zinc white pigment characterized by ex situ and in situ μ-Raman and XPS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beck, L.; Gutiérrez, P. C.; Miro, S.; Miserque, F.

2017-10-01

Zinc oxide, known as zinc white, is one of the principal white pigments developed in the 18th century and was used by the Impressionist painters. ZnO as artists' pigment has occasionally been characterized by X-ray and ion beam techniques, but these studies are limited by the potential for visible radiation effect. Ion beam modifications of zinc oxide have extensively been investigated, but mainly for electronic and industrial applications. In this paper, we focus our investigation on ion beam modification of ZnO used as pigment. Two irradiation conditions have been used: an external 3 MeV proton micro-beam representative of PIXE analysis and 2 MeV H+ and 1.2 MeV Au + beams in vacuum to investigate irradiation modifications in electronic and nuclear energy loss regimes. Ion beam modification was characterized by ex situ and in situ micro-Raman spectrometry and XPS. The results shows that IBA of zinc white can be carried out safely in historical paintings with low current and dose.

Synthesis and characterization of polymer layers for control of fluid transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vatansever, Fehime

The level of wetting of fiber surface with liquids is an important characteristic of fibrous materials. It is related to fiber surface energy and the structure of the material. Surface energy can be changed by surface modification via the grafting methodologies that have been reported for introducing new and stable functionality to fibrous substrates without changing bulk properties. Present work is dedicated to synthesis and characterization of macromolecular layers grafted to fiber surface in order to achieve directional liquid transport for the modified fabric. Modification technique used here is based on formation of stable polymer layer on fabric surface using "grafting to" technique. Specifically, modification of fabric with wettability gradient for facilitated one way-liquid transport, and pointed modification of yarn-based channels on textile microfluidic device for directional liquid transport are reported here. First, fabric was activated with alkali (NaOH) solution. Second, poly (glycidyl methacrylate) (PGMA) was deposited on fabric as an anchoring layer. Finally, polymers of interest were grafted to surface through the epoxy functionality of PGMA. Effect of polymer grafting on the wicking property of the fabric has been evaluated by vertical wicking technique at the each step of surface modification. The results shows that wicking performance of fabric can be altered by grafting of a thin nanoscale polymeric film. For the facilitated liquid transport, the gradient polymer coating was created using "grafting to" technique and its dependence on the grafting temperature. Wettability gradient from hydrophilic to hydrophobic (change in water contact angle from 0 to 140 degrees on fabric) was achieved by grafting of polystyrene (PS) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) sequentially with concentration gradient. This study proposes that fabric with wettability gradient property can be used to transfer sweat from skin and support moisture management when it is used in a laminated garment structure. For cooling performance evaluation, modified fabrics were tested with surface differential scanning calorimeter, and improved cooling effect was found with the fabric that has wettability gradient. Directional liquid transport can be achieved on amphiphilic fabric. To this end, fabric consisting of PET and PP yarn is fabricated. Activation and PGMA deposition yields an array of highly reactive PET channels that are constrained by hydrophobic PP boundaries. Aqueous solutions are transported in the channels by capillary forces where the direction of the liquid transport is defined by pH-response of the grafted polymers. The system of pH-selective channels in the developed textile based microfluidic chip could find analytical applications and can be used for smart cloth.

Micro- and nanoscale devices for investigation of epigenetics and chromatin dynamics

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

DNA is the blueprint upon which life is based and transmitted, yet the manner in which chromatin, the dynamic complex of nucleic acids and proteins, is packaged and behaves within the cellular nucleus has only begun to be investigated. The packaging and modifications around the genome have been shown to exert significant influence on cellular behaviour and in turn, human development and disease. However, conventional techniques for studying epigenetic or conformational modifications of chromosomes have inherent limitations, and therefore, new methods based on micro- and nanoscale devices have been sought. Here, we review the development of these devices and explore their use in the study of DNA and chromatin modifications and higher order chromatin structure. PMID:24091454

Development of Fabrication Methods of Filler/Polymer Nanocomposites: With Focus on Simple Melt-Compounding-Based Approach without Surface Modification of Nanofillers

PubMed Central

Tanahashi, Mitsuru

2010-01-01

Many attempts have been made to fabricate various types of inorganic nanoparticle-filled polymers (filler/polymer nanocomposites) by a mechanical or chemical approach. However, these approaches require modification of the nanofiller surfaces and/or complicated polymerization reactions, making them unsuitable for industrial-scale production of the nanocomposites. The author and coworkers have proposed a simple melt-compounding method for the fabrication of silica/polymer nanocomposites, wherein silica nanoparticles without surface modification were dispersed through the breakdown of loose agglomerates of colloidal nano-silica spheres in a kneaded polymer melt. This review aims to discuss experimental techniques of the proposed method and its advantages over other developed methods.

Speech transformations based on a sinusoidal representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quatieri, T. E.; McAulay, R. J.

1986-05-01

A new speech analysis/synthesis technique is presented which provides the basis for a general class of speech transformation including time-scale modification, frequency scaling, and pitch modification. These modifications can be performed with a time-varying change, permitting continuous adjustment of a speaker's fundamental frequency and rate of articulation. The method is based on a sinusoidal representation of the speech production mechanism that has been shown to produce synthetic speech that preserves the waveform shape and is essentially perceptually indistinguishable from the original. Although the analysis/synthesis system originally was designed for single-speaker signals, it is equally capable of recovering and modifying nonspeech signals such as music; multiple speakers, marine biologic sounds, and speakers in the presence of interferences such as noise and musical backgrounds.

Power system modeling and optimization methods vis-a-vis integrated resource planning (IRP)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arsali, Mohammad H.

1998-12-01

The state-of-the-art restructuring of power industries is changing the fundamental nature of retail electricity business. As a result, the so-called Integrated Resource Planning (IRP) strategies implemented on electric utilities are also undergoing modifications. Such modifications evolve from the imminent considerations to minimize the revenue requirements and maximize electrical system reliability vis-a-vis capacity-additions (viewed as potential investments). IRP modifications also provide service-design bases to meet the customer needs towards profitability. The purpose of this research as deliberated in this dissertation is to propose procedures for optimal IRP intended to expand generation facilities of a power system over a stretched period of time. Relevant topics addressed in this research towards IRP optimization are as follows: (1) Historical prospective and evolutionary aspects of power system production-costing models and optimization techniques; (2) A survey of major U.S. electric utilities adopting IRP under changing socioeconomic environment; (3) A new technique designated as the Segmentation Method for production-costing via IRP optimization; (4) Construction of a fuzzy relational database of a typical electric power utility system for IRP purposes; (5) A genetic algorithm based approach for IRP optimization using the fuzzy relational database.

Unisys' experience in software quality and productivity management of an existing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Munson, John B.

1988-01-01

A summary of Quality Improvement techniques, implementation, and results in the maintenance, management, and modification of large software systems for the Space Shuttle Program's ground-based systems is provided.

Behavior Modification Through Covert Semantic Desensitization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hekmat, Hamid; Vanian, Daniel

1971-01-01

Results support the hypothesized relationship between meaning and phobia. Semantic desensitization techniques based on counter conditioning of meaning were significantly effective in altering the semantic value of the word from unpleasantness to neutrality. (Author)

Where systems biology meets postharvest

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Interpreting fruit metabolism, particularly tree fruit metabolism, presents unique challenges. Long periods from tree establishment to fruiting render techniques directed towards reducing the complexity of metabolic mechanisms, such as genomic modification, relatively difficult. Consequently, holi...

Influence of surface microroughness by plasma deposition and chemical erosion followed by TiO2 coating upon anticoagulation, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of NiTi alloy stent.

PubMed

Wang, Gui-Xue; Shen, Yang; Zhang, He; Quan, Xue-Jun; Yu, Qing-Song

2008-06-15

Two different surface modification techniques were used to change the surface morphology and roughness of stents at the micrometer level, and eventually improve their surface adhesion properties with respect to endothelial cells. One was chemical erosion followed by sol-gel TiO(2) coating, and the other was low temperature gas plasma deposition. After surface modification, the biocompatibility including the anticoagulation properties, hydrophilicity, and corrosion resistance of these stents was evaluated. It was found that both techniques could change the surface morphology of the stents with microroughness. In comparison with the control, the treated NiTi alloy intravascular stents showed increased surface hydrophilicity and enhanced anticoagulation properties. However, the corrosion properties of the stents were not improved significantly.

A study for watermark methods appropriate to medical images.

PubMed

Cho, Y; Ahn, B; Kim, J S; Kim, I Y; Kim, S I

2001-06-01

The network system, including the picture archiving and communication system (PACS), is essential in hospital and medical imaging fields these days. Many medical images are accessed and processed on the web, as well as in PACS. Therefore, any possible accidents caused by the illegal modification of medical images must be prevented. Digital image watermark techniques have been proposed as a method to protect against illegal copying or modification of copyrighted material. Invisible signatures made by a digital image watermarking technique can be a solution to these problems. However, medical images have some different characteristics from normal digital images in that one must not corrupt the information contained in the original medical images. In this study, we suggest modified watermark methods appropriate for medical image processing and communication system that prevent clinically important data contained in original images from being corrupted.

Characterization of protein N-glycosylation by tandem mass spectrometry using complementary fragmentation techniques

DOE PAGES

Ford, Kristina L.; Zeng, Wei; Heazlewood, Joshua L.; ...

2015-08-28

The analysis of post-translational modifications (PTMs) by proteomics is regarded as a technically challenging undertaking. While in recent years approaches to examine and quantify protein phosphorylation have greatly improved, the analysis of many protein modifications, such as glycosylation, are still regarded as problematic. Limitations in the standard proteomics workflow, such as use of suboptimal peptide fragmentation methods, can significantly prevent the identification of glycopeptides. The current generation of tandem mass spectrometers has made available a variety of fragmentation options, many of which are becoming standard features on these instruments. Lastly, we have used three common fragmentation techniques, namely CID, HCD,more » and ETD, to analyze a glycopeptide and highlight how an integrated fragmentation approach can be used to identify the modified residue and characterize the N-glycan on a peptide.« less

Digital enhancement of computerized axial tomograms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, E., Jr.

1978-01-01

A systematic evaluation was conducted of certain digital image enhancement techniques performed in image space. Three types of images were used, computer generated phantoms, tomograms of a synthetic phantom, and axial tomograms of human anatomy containing images of lesions, artificially introduced into the tomograms. Several types of smoothing, sharpening, and histogram modification were explored. It was concluded that the most useful enhancement techniques are a selective smoothing of singular picture elements, combined with contrast manipulation. The most useful tool in applying these techniques is the gray-scale histogram.

Unknown sequence amplification: Application to in vitro genome walking in Chlamydia trachomatis L2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Copley, C.G.; Boot, C.; Bundell, K.

1991-01-01

A recently described technique, Chemical Genetics' unknown sequence amplification method, which requires only one specific oligonucleotide, has broadened the applicability of the polymerase chain reaction to DNA of unknown sequence. The authors have adapted this technique to the study of the genome of Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular bacterium, and describe modifications that significantly improve the utility of this approach. These techniques allow for rapid genomic analysis entirely in vitro, using DNA of limited quantity of purity.

Inference of Stochastic Nonlinear Oscillators with Applications to Physiological Problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.; Luchinsky, Dmitry G.

2004-01-01

A new method of inferencing of coupled stochastic nonlinear oscillators is described. The technique does not require extensive global optimization, provides optimal compensation for noise-induced errors and is robust in a broad range of dynamical models. We illustrate the main ideas of the technique by inferencing a model of five globally and locally coupled noisy oscillators. Specific modifications of the technique for inferencing hidden degrees of freedom of coupled nonlinear oscillators is discussed in the context of physiological applications.

CCD filter and transform techniques for interference excision

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Borsuk, G. M.; Dewitt, R. N.

1976-01-01

The theoretical and some experimental results of a study aimed at applying CCD filter and transform techniques to the problem of interference excision within communications channels were presented. Adaptive noise (interference) suppression was achieved by the modification of received signals such that they were orthogonal to the recently measured noise field. CCD techniques were examined to develop real-time noise excision processing. They were recursive filters, circulating filter banks, transversal filter banks, an optical implementation of the chirp Z transform, and a CCD analog FFT.

Characterization of ion-induced radiation effects in nuclear materials using synchrotron x-ray techniques

DOE PAGES

Lang, Maik; Tracy, Cameron L.; Palomares, Raul I.; ...

2015-05-01

Recent efforts to characterize the nanoscale structural and chemical modifications induced by energetic ion irradiation in nuclear materials have greatly benefited from the application of synchrotron-based x-ray diffraction (XRD) and x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) techniques. Key to the study of actinide-bearing materials has been the use of small sample volumes, which are particularly advantageous, as the small quantities minimize the level of radiation exposure at the ion-beam and synchrotron user facility. This approach utilizes energetic heavy ions (energy range: 100 MeV–3 GeV) that pass completely through the sample thickness and deposit an almost constant energy per unit length along theirmore » trajectory. High energy x-rays (25–65 keV) from intense synchrotron light sources are then used in transmission geometry to analyze ion-induced structural and chemical modifications throughout the ion tracks. We describe in detail the experimental approach for utilizing synchrotron radiation (SR) to study the radiation response of a range of nuclear materials (e.g., ThO 2 and Gd 2Ti xZr 2–xO 7). Also addressed is the use of high-pressure techniques, such as the heatable diamond anvil cell, as a new means to expose irradiated materials to well-controlled high-temperature (up to 1000 °C) and/or high-pressure (up to 50 GPa) conditions. Furthermore, this is particularly useful for characterizing the annealing kinetics of irradiation-induced material modifications.« less

Detailed analysis of the effects of stencil spatial variations with arbitrary high-order finite-difference Maxwell solver

DOE PAGES

Vincenti, H.; Vay, J. -L.

2015-11-22

Due to discretization effects and truncation to finite domains, many electromagnetic simulations present non-physical modifications of Maxwell's equations in space that may generate spurious signals affecting the overall accuracy of the result. Such modifications for instance occur when Perfectly Matched Layers (PMLs) are used at simulation domain boundaries to simulate open media. Another example is the use of arbitrary order Maxwell solver with domain decomposition technique that may under some condition involve stencil truncations at subdomain boundaries, resulting in small spurious errors that do eventually build up. In each case, a careful evaluation of the characteristics and magnitude of themore » errors resulting from these approximations, and their impact at any frequency and angle, requires detailed analytical and numerical studies. To this end, we present a general analytical approach that enables the evaluation of numerical discretization errors of fully three-dimensional arbitrary order finite-difference Maxwell solver, with arbitrary modification of the local stencil in the simulation domain. The analytical model is validated against simulations of domain decomposition technique and PMLs, when these are used with very high-order Maxwell solver, as well as in the infinite order limit of pseudo-spectral solvers. Results confirm that the new analytical approach enables exact predictions in each case. It also confirms that the domain decomposition technique can be used with very high-order Maxwell solver and a reasonably low number of guard cells with negligible effects on the whole accuracy of the simulation.« less

Laser surface modification of AZ31B Mg alloy for bio-wettability.

PubMed

Ho, Yee-Hsien; Vora, Hitesh D; Dahotre, Narendra B

2015-02-01

Magnesium alloys are the potential degradable materials for load-bearing implant application due to their comparable mechanical properties to human bone, excellent bioactivity, and in vivo non-toxicity. However, for a successful load-bearing implant, the surface of bio-implant must allow protein absorption and layer formation under physiological environment that can assist the cell/osteoblast growth. In this regard, surface wettability of bio-implant plays a key role to dictate the quantity of protein absorption. In light of this, the main objective of the present study was to produce favorable bio-wettability condition of AZ31B Mg alloy bio-implant surface via laser surface modification technique under various laser processing conditions. In the present efforts, the influence of laser surface modification on AZ31B Mg alloy surface on resultant bio-wettability was investigated via contact-angle measurements and the co-relationships among microstructure (grain size), surface roughness, surface energy, and surface chemical composition were established. In addition, the laser surface modification technique was simulated by computational (thermal) model to facilitate the prediction of temperature and its resultant cooling/solidification rates under various laser processing conditions for correlating with their corresponding composition and phase evolution. These predicted thermal properties were later used to correlate with the corresponding microstructure, chemical composition, and phase evolution via experimental analyses (X-ray diffractometer, scanning electron microscope, energy-dispersive spectroscopy). © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Comparative Study of Surface Chemical Composition and Oxide Layer Modification upon Oxygen Plasma Cleaning and Piranha Etching on a Novel Low Elastic Modulus Ti25Nb21Hf Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paredes, Virginia; Salvagni, Emiliano; Rodríguez-Castellón, Enrique; Manero, José María

2017-08-01

Metals are widely employed for many biological artificial replacements, and it is known that the quality and the physical/chemical properties of the surface are crucial for the success of the implant. Therefore, control over surface implant materials and their elastic moduli may be crucial to avoid undesired effects. In this study, surface modification upon cleaning and activation of a low elastic modulus Ti alloy (Ti25Hf21Nb) was investigated. Two different methods, oxygen plasma (OP) cleaning and piranha (PI) solution, were studied and compared. Both surface treatments were effective for organic contaminant removal and to increase the Ti-oxide layer thickness rather than other metal-oxides present at the surface, which is beneficial for biocompatibility of the material. Furthermore, both techniques drastically increased hydrophilicity and introduced oxidation and hydroxylation (OH)-functional groups at the surface that may be beneficial for further chemical modifications. However, these treatments did not alter the surface roughness and bulk material properties. The surfaces were fully characterized in terms of surface roughness, wettability, oxide layer composition, and hydroxyl surface density through analytical techniques (interferometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), contact angle, and zinc complexation). These findings provide essential information when planning surface modifications for cleanliness, oxide layer thickness, and surface hydroxyl density, as control over these factors is essential for many applications, especially in biomaterials.

Investigating d-cycloserine as a potential pharmacological enhancer of an emotional bias learning procedure.

PubMed

Woud, Marcella L; Blackwell, Simon E; Steudte-Schmiedgen, Susann; Browning, Michael; Holmes, Emily A; Harmer, Catherine J; Margraf, Jürgen; Reinecke, Andrea

2018-05-01

The partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist d-cycloserine may enhance psychological therapies. However, its exact mechanism of action is still being investigated. Cognitive bias modification techniques allow isolation of cognitive processes and thus investigation of how they may be affected by d-cycloserine. We used a cognitive bias modification paradigm targeting appraisals of a stressful event, Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal, to investigate whether d-cycloserine enhanced the modification of appraisal, and whether it caused greater reduction in indices of psychopathology. Participants received either 250 mg of d-cycloserine ( n=19) or placebo ( n=19). As a stressor task, participants recalled a negative life event, followed by positive Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal training. Before and after Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal, appraisals and indices of psychopathology related to the stressor were assessed. Cognitive Bias Modification-Appraisal successfully modified appraisals, but d-cycloserine did not affect appraisals post-training. There were no post-training group differences in frequency of intrusions. Interestingly, d-cycloserine led to a greater reduction in distress and impact on state mood from recalling the event, and lower distress post-training was associated with fewer intrusions. Therefore, d-cycloserine may affect emotional reactivity to recalling a negative event when combined with induction of a positive appraisal style, but via a mechanism other than enhanced learning of the appraisal style.

A versatile breast reduction technique: Conical plicated central U shaped (COPCUs) mammaplasty

PubMed Central

Copcu, Eray

2009-01-01

Background There have been numerous studies on reduction mammaplasty and its modifications in the literature. The multitude of modifications of reduction mammaplasty indicates that the ideal technique has yet to be found. There are four reasons for seeking the ideal technique. One reason is to preserve functional features of the breast: breastfeeding and arousal. Other reasons are to achieve the real geometric and aesthetic shape of the breast with the least scar and are to minimize complications of prior surgical techniques without causing an additional complication. Last reason is the limitation of the techniques described before. To these aims, we developed a new versatile reduction mammaplasty technique, which we called conical plicated central U shaped (COPCUs) mammaplasty. Methods We performed central plication to achieve a juvenile look in the superior pole of the breast and to prevent postoperative pseudoptosis and used central U shaped flap to achieve maximum NAC safety and to preserve lactation and nipple sensation. The central U flap was 6 cm in width and the superior conical plication was performed with 2/0 PDS. Preoperative and postoperative standard measures of the breast including the superior pole fullness were compared. Results Forty six patients were operated with the above mentioned technique. All of the patients were satisfied with functional and aesthetic results and none of them had major complications. There were no changes in the nipple innervation. Six patients becoming pregnant after surgery did not experience any problems with lactation. None of the patients required scar revision. Conclusion Our technique is a versatile, safe, reliable technique which creates the least scar, avoids previously described disadvantages, provides maximum preservation of functions, can be employed in all breasts regardless of their sizes. PMID:19575809

The Modification of Educational Equipment and Curriculum for Maximum Utilization by Physically Disabled Persons; Curriculum and Instructional Techniques for Physically Disabled Students. Human Resources Study Number 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nemarich, Samuel P.; Velleman, Ruth A.

Designed to suggest solutions to problems of curricula and instructional techniques for physically disabled children, the text considers the nature of the child and discusses these aspects of curriculum and methods: definitions and objectives; teachers and administrators; time requirements and enrichment; grouping; reading instruction; testing,…

Modifications of the One-More-Than Technique: A Comparison of Two Strategies for Teaching Purchasing Skills to Students with Intellectual Disability in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hsu, Guo-Liang; Tang, Jung-Chang; Hwang, Wu-Yuin; Li, Yung-Chang; Hwang, Wu-Yuin; Li, Yung-Chang; Hung, Jung-Chao; Wei, Chun-Hwa

2016-01-01

The demands of money-counting skills potentially limit individuals with intellectual disability (ID) to master the one-more-than technique, particularly in Taiwan, which requires high daily minimum living expense for supporting an individual's daily life. Employing a multiple treatment design across price ranges and settings, this study compared…

Development of techniques for producing static strata maps and development of photointerpretation methods based on multitemporal LANDSAT data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Colwell, R. N. (Principal Investigator); Hay, C. M.; Thomas, R. W.; Benson, A. S.

1976-01-01

The progress of research conducted in support of the Large Area Crop Inventory Experiment (LACIE) is documented. Specific tasks include (1) evaluation of the static stratification procedure and modification of that procedure if warranted, and (2) the development of alternative photointerpretative techniques to the present LACIE procedures for the identification and selection of training fields (areas).

The Use of Behavior Modification Techniques with a Special Classroom for Children with Behavior Problems. Monograph No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hotchkiss, James M.

The use of operant conditioning techniques in a classroom for educationally handicapped children was studied to determine if it would result in a reduction of maladaptive behavior. The subjects consisted of an experimental and a control group of elementary school children, with an IQ range in the experimental class of 88 to 119. The experimental…

Writing a technical note.

PubMed

Ng, K H; Peh, W C G

2010-02-01

A technical note is a short article giving a brief description of a specific development, technique or procedure, or it may describe a modification of an existing technique, procedure or device applicable to medicine. The technique, procedure or device described should have practical value and should contribute to clinical diagnosis or management. It could also present a software tool, or an experimental or computational method. Technical notes are variously referred to as technical innovations or technical developments. The main criteria for publication will be the novelty of concepts involved, the validity of the technique and its potential for clinical applications.

Flame resistant elastic elastomeric fibers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howarth, J. T.; Massucco, A. A.

1972-01-01

Development of materials to improve flame resistance of elastic elastomeric fibers is discussed. Two approaches, synthesis of polyether based urethanes and modification of synthesized urethanes with flame ratardant additives, are described. Specific applications of both techniques are presented.

Laboratory Techniques for the Blind

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tombaugh, Dorothy

1972-01-01

Describes modifications of laboratory procedures for the BSCS Green Version biology, including dissection, microbiology, animal behavior, physiology, biochemistry, and genetics that make the methods suitable for direct experimentation by blind students. Discusses models as substitutes for microscopy. (AL)

PES Surface Modification Using Green Chemistry: New Generation of Antifouling Membranes.

PubMed

Nady, Norhan

2016-04-18

A major limitation in using membrane-based separation processes is the loss of performance due to membrane fouling. This drawback can be addressed thanks to surface modification treatments. A new and promising surface modification using green chemistry has been recently investigated. This modification is carried out at room temperature and in aqueous medium using green catalyst (enzyme) and nontoxic modifier, which can be safely labelled "green surface modification". This modification can be considered as a nucleus of new generation of antifouling membranes and surfaces. In the current research, ferulic acid modifier and laccase bio-catalyst were used to make poly(ethersulfone) (PES) membrane less vulnerable to protein adsorption. The blank and modified PES membranes are evaluated based on e.g., their flux and protein repellence. Both the blank and the modified PES membranes (or laminated PES on silicon dioxide surface) are characterized using many techniques e.g., SEM, EDX, XPS and SPM, etc. The pure water flux of the most modified membranes was reduced by 10% on average relative to the blank membrane, and around a 94% reduction in protein adsorption was determined. In the conclusions section, a comparison between three modifiers-ferulic acid, and two other previously used modifiers (4-hydroxybenzoic acid and gallic acid)-is presented.

Development of Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) Coating by Cold Spray Technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ravi, Kesavan; Ichikawa, Yuji; Deplancke, Tiana; Ogawa, Kazuhiro; Lame, Olivier; Cavaille, Jean-Yves

2015-08-01

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene or UHMWPE is an extremely difficult material to coat with, as it is rubbery and chemically very inert. The Cold Spray process appears to be a promising alternative processing technique but polymers are in general difficult to deposit using this method. So, attempts to develop UHMWPE coatings were made using a downstream injection cold spray technique incorporating a few modifications. A conventional cold spray machine yielded only a few deposited particles of UHMWPE on the substrate surface, but with some modifications in the nozzle geometry (especially the length and inner geometry) a thin coating of 45 μm on Al substrate was obtained. Moreover, experiments with the addition of fumed nano-alumina to the feedstock yielded a coating of 1-4 mm thickness on Al and polypropylene substrates. UHMWPE was seen to be melt crystallized during the coating formation, as can be seen from the differential calorimetry curves. Influence of nano-ceramic particles was explained by observing the creation of a bridge bond between UHMWPE particles.

Modifications to the Hip Arthroscopy Technique When Performing Combined Hip Arthroscopy and Periacetabular Osteotomy.

PubMed

Spiker, Andrea M; Gumersell, Kate R; Sink, Ernest L; Kelly, Bryan T

2017-10-01

In the realm of hip preservation, hip arthroscopy is often used to address intra-articular impingement pathology, whereas periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is used to address dysplasia and instability. Indications to combine these 2 procedures include hip dysplasia and symptomatic instability with a concomitant symptomatic labral tear or the other symptomatic intra-articular pathology (i.e., loose body, chondral flap). The arthroscopic portion of the procedure allows repair of the injured labrum and close inspection of the hip joint, and the PAO addresses undercoverage and/or inappropriate version of the acetabulum. The open approach used in PAO also allows access to the peripheral compartment to debride a cam lesion, if present, and the subspine region is accessible to perform subspine decompression, if needed. In this technique, we highlight special considerations pertaining to hip arthroscopy that is performed in combination with a PAO. Hip arthroscopy is the first procedure that takes place in this combined case, and modifications to the standard hip arthroscopic technique can prevent unnecessary difficulty during the PAO that follows.