Sample records for n3s system applied

  1. Rough Interface Effects on N-S Proximity-Contact Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nagato, Yasushi; Nagai, Katsuhiko

    2003-03-01

    We discuss the influence of atomic scale roughness of the interface on the properties of the N-S contact systems. To treat the interface roughness effects we extend our previous quasi-classical theory of the rough surface effect and construct a formal solution for the quasi-classical Green's function. We apply the formulation to N-S systems with two-dimensional anisotropic dx2-y2 superconductor and calculate the self-consistent pair potential and the density of states at the interface.

  2. An efficient system for the asymmetric acylation of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide catalyzed by novozyme 435.

    PubMed

    Li, Cuiqin; He, Laping; Qiu, Baoquan; Gao, Bing

    2010-01-01

    Novozyme 435 could be a highly efficient catalyst in the asymmetric acylation of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide in tetrahydrofuran-hexane solvents. The effect of various reaction parameters such as agitation velocity, water content, mixed media, temperature, concentration of Novozyme 435, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide, reaction time, enantiomeric excess of substrate (ee(S)), enantiomeric excess of product (ee(P)), and enantioselective ratio (E) were studied. Tetrahydrofuran markedly improved (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide conversion, enantiomeric excess of remaining 3-n-butylphthalide, and enantiomeric ratio. The optimum media were 50% (v/v) tetrahydrofuran and 50% (v/v) hexane. Other ideal reaction conditions were an agitation velocity of 150 rpm, 0.4% (v/v) water content, temperature of 30 °C, 8 mg/mL dosage of Novozyme 435, 8:1 (0.4 mmol: 0.05 mmol) molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide, and a reaction time of 48 hr. Under the optimum conditions, 96.4% ee(S) and 49.3% conversion of (R,S)-3-n-butylphthalide were achieved. In addition, enantiomeric excess of the product was above 98.0%.

  3. Notes on S-folds and {N} = 3 theories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Agarwal, Prarit; Amariti, Antonio

    2016-09-01

    We consider D3 branes in presence of an S-fold plane. The latter is a non-perturbative object, arising from the combined projection of an S-duality twist and a discrete orbifold of the R-symmetry group. This construction naively gives rise to 4d {N} = 3 SCFTs. Nevertheless it has been observed that in some cases supersymmetry is enhanced to {N} = 4. In this paper we study the explicit counting of degrees of freedom arising from vector multiplets associated to strings suspended between the D3 branes probing the S-fold. We propose that, for trivial discrete torsion, there is no vector multiplet associated to (1, 0) strings stretched between a brane and its image. We then focus on the case of rank 2 {N} = 3 theory that enhances to SU(3) {N} = 4 SYM, explicitly spelling out the isomorphism between the BPS-spectrum of the manifestly {N} = 3 theory and that of three D3 branes in flat spacetime. Subsequently, we consider 3-pronged strings in these setups and show how wall-crossing in the S-fold background implies wall crossing in the flat geometry. This can be considered a consistency check of the conjectured SUSY enhancement. We also find that the above isomorphism implies that a (1, 0) string, suspended between a brane and its image in the S-fold, corresponds to a 3-string junction in the flat geometry. This is in agreement with our claim on the absence of a vector multiplet associated to such (1, 0) strings. This is because the 3-string junction in flat geometry gives rise to a 1/4-th BPS multiplet of the {N} = 4 algebra. Such multiplets always include particles with spin > 1 as opposed to a vector multiplet which is restricted by the requirement that the spins must be ≤ 1.

  4. Calculations of long-range three-body interactions for He(nS )-He(nS )-He(n0'λL )

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Pei-Gen; Tang, Li-Yan; Yan, Zong-Chao; Babb, James F.

    2018-04-01

    We theoretically investigate long-range interactions between an excited L -state He atom and two identical S -state He atoms for the cases of the three atoms all in spin-singlet states or all in spin-triplet states, denoted by He(nS )-He(nS )-He(n0'λL ), with n0 and n0' principal quantum numbers, λ =1 or 3 the spin multiplicity, and L the orbital angular momentum of a He atom. Using degenerate perturbation theory for the energies up to second-order, we evaluate the coefficients C3 of the first-order dipolar interactions and the coefficients C6 and C8 of the second-order additive and nonadditive interactions. Both the dipolar and dispersion interaction coefficients, for these three-body degenerate systems, show dependences on the geometrical configurations of the three atoms. The nonadditive interactions start to appear in second-order. To demonstrate the results and for applications, the obtained coefficients Cn are evaluated with highly accurate variationally generated nonrelativistic wave functions in Hylleraas coordinates for He(1 1S ) -He(1 1S ) -He(2 1S ) , He(1 1S ) -He(1 1S ) -He(2 1P ) , He(2 1S ) -He(2 1S ) -He(2 1P ) , and He(2 3S ) -He(2 3S ) -He(2 3P ) . The calculations are given for three like nuclei for the cases of hypothetical infinite mass He nuclei, and of real finite mass 4He or 3He nuclei. The special cases of the three atoms in equilateral triangle configurations are explored in detail, and for the cases in which one of the atoms is in a P state, we also present results for the atoms in an isosceles right triangle configuration or in an equally spaced collinear configuration. The results can be applied to construct potential energy surfaces for three helium atom systems.

  5. 34 CFR 110.3 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... educational agency (as defined in 20 U.S.C. 8801), system of vocational education, or other school system; (c... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply? 110.3 Section 110.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION...

  6. Interferometric Imaging of Titan’s HC3N, H13CCCN, and HCCC15N

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cordiner, M. A.; Nixon, C. A.; Charnley, S. B.; Teanby, N. A.; Molter, E. M.; Kisiel, Z.; Vuitton, V.

    2018-05-01

    We present the first maps of cyanoacetylene isotopologues in Titan’s atmosphere, including H13CCCN and HCCC15N, detected in the 0.9 mm band using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter array (ALMA) around the time of Titan’s (southern winter) solstice in 2017 May. The first high-resolution map of HC3N in its v 7 = 1 vibrationally excited state is also presented, revealing a unique snapshot of the global HC3N distribution, free from the strong optical depth effects that adversely impact the ground-state (v = 0) map. The HC3N emission is found to be strongly enhanced over Titan’s south pole (by a factor of 5.7 compared to the north pole), consistent with rapid photochemical loss of HC3N from the summer hemisphere combined with production and transport to the winter pole since the 2015 April ALMA observations. The H13CCCN/HCCC15N flux ratio is derived at the southern HC3N peak, and implies an HC3N/HCCC15N ratio of 67 ± 14. This represents a significant enrichment in 15N compared with Titan’s main molecular nitrogen reservoir, which has a 14N/15N ratio of 167, and confirms the importance of photochemistry in determining the nitrogen isotopic ratio in Titan’s organic inventory.

  7. Tests of a High Temperature Sample Conditioner for the Waste Treatment Plant LV-S2, LV-S3, HV-S3A and HV-S3B Exhaust Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Flaherty, Julia E.; Glissmeyer, John A.

    2015-03-18

    Tests were performed to evaluate a sample conditioning unit for stack monitoring at Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) exhaust stacks with elevated air temperatures. The LV-S2, LV-S3, HV-S3A and HV-S3B exhaust stacks are expected to have elevated air temperature and dew point. At these emission points, exhaust temperatures are too high to deliver the air sample directly to the required stack monitoring equipment. As a result, a sample conditioning system is considered to cool and dry the air prior to its delivery to the stack monitoring system. The method proposed for the sample conditioning is a dilutionmore » system that will introduce cooler, dry air to the air sample stream. This method of sample conditioning is meant to reduce the sample temperature while avoiding condensation of moisture in the sample stream. An additional constraint is that the ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999 standard states that at least 50% of the 10 μm aerodynamic diameter (AD) particles present in the stack free stream must be delivered to the sample collector. In other words, depositional loss of particles should be limited to 50% in the sampling, transport, and conditioning systems. Based on estimates of particle penetration through the LV-S3 sampling system, the diluter should perform with about 80% penetration or better to ensure that the total sampling system passes the 50% or greater penetration criterion.« less

  8. Prediction of a two-dimensional S3N2 solid for optoelectronic applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xiao, Hang; Shi, Xiaoyang; Liao, Xiangbiao; Zhang, Yayun; Chen, Xi

    2018-02-01

    Two-dimensional materials have attracted tremendous attention for their fascinating electronic, optical, chemical, and mechanical properties. However, the band gaps of most reported two-dimensional (2D) materials are smaller than 2.0 eV, which has greatly restricted their optoelectronic applications in the blue and ultraviolet range of the spectrum. Here, we propose a stable trisulfur dinitride (S3N2 ) 2D crystal that is a covalent network composed solely of S-N σ bonds. The S3N2 crystal is dynamically, thermally, and chemically stable, as confirmed by the computed phonon spectrum and ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. GW calculations show that the S3N2 crystal is a wide, direct band-gap (3.92 eV) semiconductor with a small-hole effective mass. In addition, the band gap of S3N2 structures can be tuned by forming multilayer S3N2 crystals, S3N2 nanoribbons, and S3N2 nanotubes, expanding its potential applications. The anisotropic optical response of the 2D S3N2 crystal is revealed by GW-Bethe-Salpeter-equation calculations. The optical band gap of S3N2 is 2.73 eV and the exciton binding energy of S3N2 is 1.19 eV, showing a strong excitonic effect. Our result not only marks the prediction of a 2D crystal composed of nitrogen and sulfur, but also underpins potential innovations in 2D electronics and optoelectronics.

  9. Visible light photoelectrochemical aptasensor for adenosine detection based on CdS/PPy/g-C3N4 nanocomposites.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yixin; Ma, Hongmin; Zhang, Yong; Pang, Xuehui; Fan, Dawei; Wu, Dan; Wei, Qin

    2016-12-15

    In this work, a label-free photoelectrochemical (PEC) aptasensor was developed for adenosine detection based on CdS/PPy/g-C3N4 nanocomposites. The CdS/g-C3N4 heterojunction effectively prevented the photogenerated charges recombination of g-C3N4 and self-photocorrosion processes of CdS, improving photo-to-current conversion efficiency. The introduced polypyrrole (PPy) nanoparticles could lead to a more effective separation of photogenerated charges, thus resulting in a further increasing of photocurrent. The CdS/PPy/g-C3N4 was firstly employed as the photoactive materials for fabrication of aptasensor, and SH-aptamer was then adsorbed on the CdS/PPy/g-C3N4 modified electrodes through S-Cd bond. With increasing of adenosine concentration, the photocurrent decreased as the formation of SH-aptamer-adenosine bioaffinity complexes. Under optimal conditions, the PEC aptasensor had a sensitive response to adenosine in a linear range of 0.3nmolL(-1) to 200nmolL(-1) with a detection limit of 0.1nmolL(-1). Besides, the as-proposed aptasensor has also been applied in human serum samples analysis. The aptasensor exhibits high sensitivity and good stability, thus opening up a new promising PEC platform for some other small molecules analysis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Structures of exocyclic R,R- and S,S-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine adducts induced by 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane.

    PubMed

    Kowal, Ewa A; Seneviratne, Uthpala; Wickramaratne, Susith; Doherty, Kathleen E; Cao, Xiangkun; Tretyakova, Natalia; Stone, Michael P

    2014-05-19

    1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an industrial and environmental chemical present in urban air and cigarette smoke, and is classified as a human carcinogen. It is oxidized by cytochrome P450 to form 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); DEB bis-alkylates the N(6) position of adenine in DNA. Two enantiomers of bis-N(6)-dA adducts of DEB have been identified: R,R-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (R,R-DHB-dA), and S,S-N(6),N(6)-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2'-deoxyadenosine (S,S-DHB-dA) [ Seneviratne , U. , Antsypovich , S. , Dorr , D. Q. , Dissanayake , T. , Kotapati , S. , and Tretyakova , N. ( 2010 ) Chem. Res. Toxicol. 23 , 1556 -1567 ]. Herein, the R,R-DHB-dA and S,S-DHB-dA adducts have been incorporated into the 5'-d(C(1)G(2)G(3)A(4)C(5)X(6)A(7)G(8)A(9)A(10)G(11))-3':5'-d(C(12)T(13)T(14)C(15)T(16)T(17)G(18)T(19)C(20)C(21)G(22))-3' duplex [X(6) = R,R-DHB-dA (R(6)) or S,S-DHB-dA (S(6))]. The structures of the duplexes were determined by molecular dynamics calculations, which were restrained by experimental distances obtained from NMR data. Both the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA adducts are positioned in the major groove of DNA. In both instances, the bulky 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine rings are accommodated by an out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N(6) bond of the bis-alkylated adenine. In both instances, the directionality of the dihydroxypyrrolidine ring is evidenced by the pattern of NOEs between the 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine protons and DNA. Also in both instances, the anti conformation of the glycosyl bond is maintained, which combined with the out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N(6) bond, allows the complementary thymine, T(17), to remain stacked within the duplex, and form one hydrogen bond with the modified base, between the imine nitrogen of the modified base and the T(17) N3H imino proton. The loss of the second Watson-Crick hydrogen bonding interaction at the lesion sites correlates with the lower thermal stabilities of the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA duplexes, as

  11. TEM study of the (SbS){sub 1+δ}(NbS{sub 2}){sub n}, (n=1, 2, 3; δ~1.14, 1.20) misfit layer phases

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gómez-Herrero, A., E-mail: adriangh@pdi.ucm.es; Landa-Cánovas, A.R.; Otero-Díaz, L.C.

    In the Sb–Nb–S system four new misfit layer phases have been found and carefully investigated via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Their structures are of composite modulated structure type with stoichiometries that can be formulated as (SbS){sub 1+δ}(NbS{sub 2}){sub n}; for n=1, δ~1.14 and 1.19; for n=2, δ~1.18 and for n=3, δ~1.19. Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) patterns show an almost commensurate fit between the pseudo-tetragonal (SbS) and the pseudo-orthohexagonal (NbS{sub 2}){sub n} subcells along the misfit direction a, with 3(SbS)≈5(NbS{sub 2}), being b the same for both sub-lattices and c the stacking direction. For n=1, a commensurate phase with 4a{submore » SbS}=7a{sub NbS2} has also been observed. In addition to the characteristic misfit and associated modulation of the two sub-structures, a second modulation is also present which appears to be primarily associated with the (SbS) sub-structure of both the n=1 and n=2 phases. High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM) images show ordered stacking sequences between the (SbS) and (NbS{sub 2}){sub n} lamellae for each of the four phases, however, disordered intergrowths were also occasionally found. Most of the crystals showed different kinds of twinning defects on quite a fine scale. Many crystals showed curled up edges. In some cases the lamellar crystals were entirely folded giving rise to similar diffraction patterns as found for cylindrical crystals. - Graphical abstract: Idealized structure models of the first three members of the homologous series (SbS){sub 1+δ}(NbS{sub 2}){sub n}. - Highlights: • Transmission Electron Microscopy study of misfit layer sulfides (SbS){sub 1+δ}(NbS{sub 2}){sub n}. • The structures consist of a (SbS) layer interleaved between n (NbS{sub 2}) layers. • Two different members n=1, one n=2 and one n=3 have been studied. • Twinning, intergrowths and different modulations in the (SbS) substructure.« less

  12. Globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb3) as a biomarker for cardiac variant (N215S) Fabry disease.

    PubMed

    Alharbi, Fahad J; Baig, Shanat; Auray-Blais, Christiane; Boutin, Michel; Ward, Douglas G; Wheeldon, Nigel; Steed, Rick; Dawson, Charlotte; Hughes, Derralynn; Geberhiwot, Tarekegn

    2018-03-01

    Fabry disease (FD) is a multi-systemic X-linked lysosomal disorder caused by the deficient activity of α-galactosidase-A enzyme, which leads to accumulation of glycosphingolipids in various body tissues. The N215S mutation is a known variant of FD, with a late onset cardiac phenotype. Consensus guidelines acknowledged the use of globotriaosylsphingosine (Lyso-Gb 3 ) as a diagnostic marker for classical FD but its utility for cardiac variant FD is not clear. We aim to characterize the clinical features and evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of plasma and urinary Lyso-Gb 3 levels in N215S cardiac variant FD patients. Thirty-four FD patients with the late-onset N215S cardiac variant mutation were enrolled along with 62 classical FD patients and 109 healthy controls. Plasma and urinary Lyso-Gb 3 and its analogues were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Both FD males and females with N215S mutation showed Lyso-Gb 3 levels of (mean ± SEM) 9.7 ± 1.0 and 5.4 ± 0.8 nM, respectively. These levels were significantly higher than healthy control and lower than classical FD patients (p < 0.0001). Plasma Lyso-Gb 3 levels equal to or higher than 2.7 nM yielded a diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of 100% (AUC = 1, p < 0.0001). Cardiac involvement was frequent with 16/34 (47%) developing left ventricular hypertrophy. Three patients who underwent renal biopsy had the characteristic sphingolipid deposition in the podocytes while 6/19 (32%) had evidence of white matter changes or infarct on brain MRI. Taken together, cardiac variant N215S mutation is rather an attenuated form of classical FD. Plasma Lyso-Gb 3 is a diagnostic hallmark to differentiate N215S variant phenotype from subjects with no FD.

  13. Structures of Exocyclic R,R- and S,S-N6,N6-(2,3-Dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-Deoxyadenosine Adducts Induced by 1,2,3,4-Diepoxybutane

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an industrial and environmental chemical present in urban air and cigarette smoke, and is classified as a human carcinogen. It is oxidized by cytochrome P450 to form 1,2,3,4-diepoxybutane (DEB); DEB bis-alkylates the N6 position of adenine in DNA. Two enantiomers of bis-N6-dA adducts of DEB have been identified: R,R-N6,N6-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-deoxyadenosine (R,R-DHB-dA), and S,S-N6,N6-(2,3-dihydroxybutan-1,4-diyl)-2′-deoxyadenosine (S,S-DHB-dA) [SeneviratneU., AntsypovichS., DorrD. Q., DissanayakeT., KotapatiS., and TretyakovaN. (2010) Chem. Res. Toxicol.23, 1556−156720873715]. Herein, the R,R-DHB-dA and S,S-DHB-dA adducts have been incorporated into the 5′-d(C1G2G3A4C5X6A7G8A9A10G11)-3′:5′-d(C12T13T14C15T16T17G18T19C20C21G22)-3′ duplex [X6 = R,R-DHB-dA (R6) or S,S-DHB-dA (S6)]. The structures of the duplexes were determined by molecular dynamics calculations, which were restrained by experimental distances obtained from NMR data. Both the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA adducts are positioned in the major groove of DNA. In both instances, the bulky 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine rings are accommodated by an out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N6 bond of the bis-alkylated adenine. In both instances, the directionality of the dihydroxypyrrolidine ring is evidenced by the pattern of NOEs between the 3,4-dihydroxypyrrolidine protons and DNA. Also in both instances, the anti conformation of the glycosyl bond is maintained, which combined with the out-of-plane rotation about the C6-N6 bond, allows the complementary thymine, T17, to remain stacked within the duplex, and form one hydrogen bond with the modified base, between the imine nitrogen of the modified base and the T17 N3H imino proton. The loss of the second Watson–Crick hydrogen bonding interaction at the lesion sites correlates with the lower thermal stabilities of the R,R- and S,S-DHB-dA duplexes, as compared to the corresponding unmodified duplex. The reduced base stacking at the

  14. An N+3 Technology Level Reference Propulsion System

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Jones, Scott M.; Haller, William J.; Tong, Michael To-Hing

    2017-01-01

    An N+3 technology level engine, suitable as a propulsion system for an advanced single-aisle transport, was developed as a reference cycle for use in technology assessment and decision-making efforts. This reference engine serves three main purposes: it provides thermodynamic quantities at each major engine station, it provides overall propulsion system performance data for vehicle designers to use in their analyses, and it can be used for comparison against other proposed N+3 technology-level propulsion systems on an equal basis. This reference cycle is meant to represent the expected capability of gas turbine engines in the N+3 timeframe given reasonable extrapolations of technology improvements and the ability to take full advantage of those improvements.

  15. One-pot, self-assembled hydrothermal synthesis of 3D flower-like CuS/g-C3N4 composite with enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible-light irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khan, Azam; Alam, Umair; Raza, Waseem; Bahnemann, D.; Muneer, M.

    2018-04-01

    Novel visible-light-driven 3D flower-like CuS/g-C3N4 composites have been synthesized by different wt% of CuS using hydrothermal method and characterized by standard analytical techniques such as XRD, FTIR, XPS, BET, UV-Vis DRS spectroscopy, SEM-EDS, and TEM. SEM and TEM analyses showed an intimate interfacial contact between flower-like CuS and g-C3N4 sheet. The synthesized composite materials (CuS/g-C3N4) showed excellent photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous suspension under visible-light irradiation, compared with pure CuS and g-C3N4. Among various composites of CuS/g-C3N4, 10 wt% of CuS showed highest photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of dye (MB). This remarkably improved photocatalytic performance of the synthesized materials could be attributed to the synergistic interaction between CuS and g-C3N4, leading to prolonged lifetime of photo-generated e- and h+ pair through the Z-scheme system. A probable Z-scheme mechanism explaining the origin of enhanced performance of the composite material has been proposed. This work not only provides a facile way to synthesize 3D flower-like heterostructure, but also renders rational design for the development of highly efficient Z-scheme photocatalytic systems.

  16. Principle of Maximum Fisher Information from Hardy’s Axioms Applied to Statistical Systems

    PubMed Central

    Frieden, B. Roy; Gatenby, Robert A.

    2014-01-01

    Consider a finite-sized, multidimensional system in a parameter state a. The system is in either a state of equilibrium or general non-equilibrium, and may obey either classical or quantum physics. L. Hardy’s mathematical axioms provide a basis for the physics obeyed by any such system. One axiom is that the number N of distinguishable states a in the system obeys N = max. This assumes that N is known as deterministic prior knowledge. However, most observed systems suffer statistical fluctuations, for which N is therefore only known approximately. Then what happens if the scope of the axiom N = max is extended to include such observed systems? It is found that the state a of the system must obey a principle of maximum Fisher information, I = Imax. This is important because many physical laws have been derived, assuming as a working hypothesis that I = Imax. These derivations include uses of the principle of Extreme physical information (EPI). Examples of such derivations were of the De Broglie wave hypothesis, quantum wave equations, Maxwell’s equations, new laws of biology (e.g. of Coulomb force-directed cell development, and of in situ cancer growth), and new laws of economic fluctuation and investment. That the principle I = Imax itself derives, from suitably extended Hardy axioms, thereby eliminates its need to be assumed in these derivations. Thus, uses of I = Imax and EPI express physics at its most fundamental level – its axiomatic basis in math. PMID:24229152

  17. Understanding the anchoring effect of Graphene, BN, C2N and C3N4 monolayers for lithium-polysulfides in Li-S batteries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, Yanping; Li, Huanhuan; Yuan, Haiyan; Fan, Honghong; Li, Wenliang; Zhang, Jingping

    2018-03-01

    Recently, Li-S batteries with a high theoretical specific energy have attracted significant attention. However, their practical application is still seriously hindered by the shuttling effect of lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) in the Li-S batteries system. Introducing anchoring materials into the cathode or separator, which can strongly attract LiPSs because of advisable binding energies, has been demonstrated as an effective strategy to alleviate the shuttling effect for achieving the excellent cycling performance of Li-S batteries. In this work, the complete mechanistic understanding of the interaction between non-metallic monolayer materials (N-MMLMs, including Graphene, BN, C2N and C3N4) and LiPSs is given in detail with the aid of density functional theory. The calculation results show that N-MMLM can combine the chemical interaction and the physical entrapment of sulfur species to suppress the shuttling effect. C3N4 and C2N are predicted to trap LiPSs via stronger interfacial interaction and alleviate the interactions between LiPSs and solvents as well as the consequent dissolution. The strong anchoring effect of C3N4/C2N comes from the bonding of Li-N/C-S and charge transfer. Further charge transfer study reveals that the C3N4/C2N can serve as an electrocatalyst, which effectively accelerates the kinetics of LiPSs redox reactions.

  18. Predicting the growth of S i3N4 nanowires by phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid mechanism

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Yongliang; Cai, Jing; Yang, Lijun; Wu, Qiang; Wang, Xizhang; Hu, Zheng

    2017-09-01

    Nanomaterial synthesis is experiencing a profound evolution from empirical science ("cook-and-look") to prediction and design, which depends on the deep insight into the growth mechanism. Herein, we report a generalized prediction of the growth of S i3N4 nanowires by nitriding F e28S i72 alloy particles across different phase regions based on our finding of the phase-equilibrium-dominated vapor-liquid-solid (PED-VLS) mechanism. All the predictions about the growth of S i3N4 nanowires, and the associated evolutions of lattice parameters and geometries of the coexisting Fe -Si alloy phases, are experimentally confirmed quantitatively. This progress corroborates the general validity of the PED-VLS mechanism, which could be applied to the design and controllable synthesis of various one-dimensional nanomaterials.

  19. Novozyme 435-catalyzed asymmetric acylation of (R, S)-3-n- butylphthalide in hexane.

    PubMed

    He, Laping; Li, Cuiqin; Gao, Bing

    2009-01-01

    The asymmetric acylation of (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide could be efficiently catalyzed by Novozyme 435. The effect of various reaction parameters such as water activity, temperature, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide, and reaction time on the asymmetric acylation were studied. The optimums of the reaction parameters were water activity 0.62, temperature 30 degrees C, molar ratio of acetic anhydride to (R, S)-3-n-butylphthalide 8:1, and reaction time 48 h, respectively. Under the optimum conditions, enantiopure 3-n-butylphthalide with an optical purity of 95.7% enantiomeric excess and 49.1% yield could be obtained. Furthermore, the enantiomeric excess of product was over 98%.

  20. High efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells by applying a double In2S3/CdS emitter.

    PubMed

    Kim, Jeehwan; Hiroi, Homare; Todorov, Teodor K; Gunawan, Oki; Kuwahara, Masaru; Gokmen, Tayfun; Nair, Dhruv; Hopstaken, Marinus; Shin, Byungha; Lee, Yun Seog; Wang, Wei; Sugimoto, Hiroki; Mitzi, David B

    2014-11-26

    High-efficiency Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells are reported by applying In2S3/CdS double emitters. This new structure offers a high doping concentration within the Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 solar cells, resulting in a substantial enhancement in open-circuit voltage. The 12.4% device is obtained with a record open-circuit voltage deficit of 593 mV. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Bis(O-ethyl dithio-carbonato-κS,S')bis-(pyridine-3-carbonitrile-κN)nickel(II).

    PubMed

    Kapoor, Sanjay; Kour, Ramandeep; Sachar, Renu; Kant, Rajni; Gupta, Vivek K; Kapoor, Kamini

    2012-01-01

    The Ni(2+) ion in the title complex, [Ni(C(3)H(5)OS(2))(2)(C(6)H(4)N(2))(2)], is in a strongly distorted octa-hedral coordination environment formed by an N(2)S(4) donor set, with the Ni(2+) ion located on a centre of inversion. In the crystal, weak C-H⋯S and C-H⋯N inter-actions are observed.

  2. Transverse energy production and charged-particle multiplicity at midrapidity in various systems from s N N = 7.7 to 200 GeV

    DOE PAGES

    Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; ...

    2016-02-03

    Measurements of midrapidity charged-particle multiplicity distributions, dN ch/dη, and midrapidity transverse-energy distributions, dE T/dη, are presented for a variety of collision systems and energies. Included are distributions for Au+Au collisions at √s NN=200, 130, 62.4, 39, 27, 19.6, 14.5, and 7.7 GeV, Cu+Cu collisions at √s NN=200 and 62.4 GeV, Cu+Au collisions at √s NN=200 GeV, U+U collisions at√s NN=193 GeV, d+Au collisions at √s NN=200 GeV, He3+Au collisions at √s NN=200 GeV, and p+p collisions at √s NN=200 GeV. We present centrality-dependent distributions at midrapidity in terms of the number of nucleon participants, N part, and the number ofmore » constituent quark participants, N qp. For all A+A collisions down to √s NN=7.7 GeV, we observed that the midrapidity data are better described by scaling with N qp than scaling with N part. Finally, our estimates of the Bjorken energy density, ε BJ, and the ratio of dE T/dη to dN ch/dη are presented, the latter of which is seen to be constant as a function of centrality for all systems.« less

  3. Systemic toxicity of dermally applied crude oils in rats

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feuston, M.H.; Mackerer, C.R.; Schreiner, C.A.

    1997-12-31

    Two crude oils, differing in viscosity (V) and nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) content, were evaluated for systemic toxicity, In the Crude I (low V, low N, low S) study, the material was applied to the clipped backs of rats at dose levels of 0, 30, 125, and 500 mg/kg. In the Crude II (high V, high N, moderate S) study, the oil was applied similarly at the same dose levels. The crude oils were applied for 13 wk, 5 d/wk. Exposure sites were not occluded. Mean body weight gain (wk 1-14) was significantly reduced in male rats exposed tomore » Crude II; body weight gain of all other animals was not adversely affected by treatment. An increase in absolute (A) and relative (R) liver weights and a decrease in A and R thymus weights were observed in male and female rats exposed to Crude II at 500 mg/kg; only liver weights (A and R) were adversely affected in male and female rats exposed to Crude I. In general, there was no consistent pattern of toxicity for serum chemistry endpoints; however, more parameters were adversely affected in Crude II-exposed female rats than in the other exposed groups. A consistent pattern of toxicity for hematology endpoints was observed among male rats exposed to Crude I and male and female rats exposed to Crude II. Parameters affected included: Crudes I and II, red blood cell count, hemoglobin, and hematocrit, Crude II, platelet count. Microscopic evaluation of tissues revealed the following treatment-related findings: Crude I, treated skin, thymus, and thyroid; Crude II, bone marrow, treated skin, thymus, and thyroid. The LOEL (lowest observable effect level) for skin irritation and systemic toxicity (based on marginal effects on the thyroid) for both crude oils was 30 mg/kg; effects were more numerous and more pronounced in animals exposed to Crude II. Systemic effects are probably related to concentrations of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) found in crude oil.« less

  4. 3. N ELEVATION OF BUILDING 1'S E WING, SHOWING THE ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    3. N ELEVATION OF BUILDING 1'S E WING, SHOWING THE PILASTERS, TERRA COTTA PANELS, AND THE EGYPTIAN MOTIF DECORATIVE CORNICE ELEMENTS; LOOKING S. (Ryan) - Veterans Administration Medical Center, Building No. 1, Old State Route 13 West, Marion, Williamson County, IL

  5. First-principle interaction potentials for metastable He(3S) and Ne(3P) with closed-shell molecules: Application to Penning-ionizing systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hapka, Michał; Chałasiński, Grzegorz; Kłos, Jacek; Żuchowski, Piotr S.

    2013-07-01

    We present new interaction potential curves, calculated from first-principles, for the He(3S, 1s12s1)⋯H2 and He(3S)⋯Ar systems, relevant in recent Penning ionization experiments of Henson et al. [Science 338, 234 (2012), 10.1126/science.1229141]. Two different approaches were applied: supermolecular using coupled cluster (CC) theory and perturbational within symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT). Both methods gave consistent results, and the potentials were used to study the elastic scattering and determine the positions of shape resonances for low kinetic energy (up to 1 meV). We found a good agreement with the experiment. In addition, we investigated two other dimers composed of metastable Ne (3P, 2p53s1) and ground state He and Ar atoms. For the Ne(3P)⋯He system, a good agreement between CC and SAPT approaches was obtained. The Ne(3P)⋯Ar dimer was described only with SAPT, as CC gave divergent results. Ne* systems exhibit extremely small electronic orbital angular momentum anisotropy of the potentials. We attribute this effect to screening of an open 2p shell by a singly occupied 3s shell.

  6. Confirmation of Incorporation of Cu and Se Ions in Applied p- and n-Type-Doped Sb2S3 by Photoemission Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Validžić, Ivana Lj; Popović, Maja; Lojpur, Vesna; Bundaleski, Nenad; Rakočević, Zlatko

    2018-04-01

    The effect of incorporating copper (Cu) and selenium (Se) ions into stibnite (Sb2S3) lattice was investigated using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The incorporation of Cu and Se ions was verified by comparing the XPS spectra of the undoped (amorphous Sb2S3), doped ( p and n-doped) and pure Se and Cu-acetate powders. The main photoelectron Cu 2p1/2 (951.8 eV) and Cu 2p3/2 (932.1 eV) lines derived from the Cu-doped and Cu-acetate powder samples were clearly observed, whereas in the undoped sample, none of the characteristic lines of Cu were detected. The Se Auger line (138.6 eV), the only line of Se which does not coincide with the lines of Sb and S, was successfully detected in an Se-doped XPS sample and the spectrum of pure Se, while Se in the undoped sample was not found. Further, the XPS measurements revealed the relative amounts of Cu and Se in antimony sulfide, as well as the oxidation state of copper incorporated into the matrix.

  7. Measurements of Elliptic and Triangular Flow in High-Multiplicity 3He +Au Collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adare, A.; Afanasiev, S.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Akimoto, R.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Alexander, J.; Alfred, M.; Al-Ta'Ani, H.; Andrews, K. R.; Angerami, A.; Aoki, K.; Apadula, N.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelt, E.; Aramaki, Y.; Armendariz, R.; Aronson, S. H.; Asai, J.; Asano, H.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, M.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Baldisseri, A.; Bandara, N. S.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Barnes, P. D.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A. T.; Bathe, S.; Batsouli, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumann, C.; Bazilevsky, A.; Beaumier, M.; Beckman, S.; Belikov, S.; Belmont, R.; Ben-Benjamin, J.; Bennett, R.; Berdnikov, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Bhom, J. H.; Bickley, A. A.; Blau, D. S.; Boissevain, J. G.; Bok, J. S.; Borel, H.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Broxmeyer, D.; Bryslawskyj, J.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Butsyk, S.; Camacho, C. M.; Campbell, S.; Caringi, A.; Castera, P.; Chang, B. S.; Chang, W. C.; Charvet, J.-L.; Chen, C.-H.; Chernichenko, S.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiba, J.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choi, J. B.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Churyn, A.; Chvala, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z.; Cleven, C. R.; Cole, B. A.; Comets, M. P.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Connors, M.; Constantin, P.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danchev, I.; Danley, D.; Das, K.; Datta, A.; Daugherity, M. S.; David, G.; Dayananda, M. K.; Deaton, M. B.; Deblasio, K.; Dehmelt, K.; Delagrange, H.; Denisov, A.; D'Enterria, D.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dharmawardane, K. V.; Dietzsch, O.; Dion, A.; Diss, P. B.; Do, J. H.; Donadelli, M.; D'Orazio, L.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Dubey, A. K.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; Dzhordzhadze, V.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Egdemir, J.; Ellinghaus, F.; Emam, W. S.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Eyser, K. O.; Fadem, B.; Feege, N.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S. L.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fujiwara, K.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Gadrat, S.; Gal, C.; Gallus, P.; Garg, P.; Garishvili, I.; Ge, H.; Giordano, F.; Glenn, A.; Gong, H.; Gong, X.; Gonin, M.; Gosset, J.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grim, G.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gu, Y.; Gunji, T.; Guo, L.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Hachiya, T.; Hadj Henni, A.; Haegemann, C.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamblen, J.; Hamilton, H. F.; Han, R.; Han, S. Y.; Hanks, J.; Harada, H.; Harper, C.; Hartouni, E. P.; Haruna, K.; Hasegawa, S.; Haseler, T. O. S.; Hashimoto, K.; Haslum, E.; Hayano, R.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hiejima, H.; Hill, J. C.; Hobbs, R.; Hohlmann, M.; Hollis, R. S.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hornback, D.; Hoshino, T.; Hotvedt, N.; Huang, J.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Ichimiya, R.; Iinuma, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Imrek, J.; Inaba, M.; Inoue, Y.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Isenhower, L.; Ishihara, M.; Isobe, T.; Issah, M.; Isupov, A.; Ivanishchev, D.; Iwanaga, Y.; Jacak, B. V.; Jezghani, M.; Jia, J.; Jiang, X.; Jin, J.; Jinnouchi, O.; John, D.; Johnson, B. M.; Jones, T.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kajihara, F.; Kametani, S.; Kamihara, N.; Kamin, J.; Kanda, S.; Kaneta, M.; Kaneti, S.; Kang, B. H.; Kang, J. H.; Kang, J. S.; Kanou, H.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kasai, M.; Kawall, D.; Kawashima, M.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Key, J. A.; Khachatryan, V.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kikuchi, J.; Kim, A.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, C.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, G. W.; Kim, M.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kim, Y. K.; Kimelman, B.; Kinney, E.; Kiriluk, K.; Kiss, Á.; Kistenev, E.; Kitamura, R.; Kiyomichi, A.; Klatsky, J.; Klay, J.; Klein-Boesing, C.; Kleinjan, D.; Kline, P.; Koblesky, T.; Kochenda, L.; Kochetkov, V.; Komkov, B.; Konno, M.; Koster, J.; Kotchetkov, D.; Kotov, D.; Kozlov, A.; Král, A.; Kravitz, A.; Kubart, J.; Kunde, G. J.; Kurihara, N.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Y. S.; Lajoie, J. G.; Layton, D.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K. B.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, M. K.; Lee, S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, S. R.; Lee, T.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Lenzi, B.; Li, X.; Lichtenwalner, P.; Liebing, P.; Lim, S. H.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Liška, T.; Litvinenko, A.; Liu, H.; Liu, M. X.; Love, B.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C. F.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Makek, M.; Malakhov, A.; Malik, M. D.; Manion, A.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Mao, Y.; Mašek, L.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Means, N.; Meles, A.; Mendoza, M.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mibe, T.; Mignerey, A. C.; Mikeš, P.; Miki, K.; Miller, T. E.; Milov, A.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D. K.; Mishra, M.; Mitchell, J. T.; Mitrovski, M.; Miyachi, Y.; Miyasaka, S.; Mizuno, S.; Mohanty, A. K.; Montuenga, P.; Moon, H. J.; Moon, T.; Morino, Y.; Morreale, A.; Morrison, D. P.; Motschwiller, S.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Mukhopadhyay, D.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Mwai, A.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagashima, K.; Nagata, Y.; Nagle, J. L.; Naglis, M.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakagomi, H.; Nakamiya, Y.; Nakamura, K. R.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, K.; Nam, S.; Nattrass, C.; Netrakanti, P. K.; Newby, J.; Nguyen, M.; Nihashi, M.; Niida, T.; Nishimura, S.; Norman, B. E.; Nouicer, R.; Novak, T.; Novitzky, N.; Nyanin, A. S.; Oakley, C.; O'Brien, E.; Oda, S. X.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Ohnishi, H.; Oka, M.; Okada, K.; Omiwade, O. O.; Onuki, Y.; Orjuela Koop, J. D.; Osborn, J. D.; Oskarsson, A.; Ouchida, M.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pal, D.; Palounek, A. P. T.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, B. H.; Park, I. H.; Park, J.; Park, J. S.; Park, S.; Park, S. K.; Park, W. J.; Pate, S. F.; Patel, L.; Patel, M.; Pei, H.; Peng, J.-C.; Pereira, H.; Perepelitsa, D. V.; Perera, G. D. N.; Peresedov, V.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Perry, J.; Petti, R.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pinson, R.; Pisani, R. P.; Proissl, M.; Purschke, M. L.; Purwar, A. K.; Qu, H.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramson, B. J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Rembeczki, S.; Reuter, M.; Reygers, K.; Reynolds, D.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richardson, E.; Rinn, T.; Roach, D.; Roche, G.; Rolnick, S. D.; Romana, A.; Rosati, M.; Rosen, C. A.; Rosendahl, S. S. E.; Rosnet, P.; Rowan, Z.; Rubin, J. G.; Rukoyatkin, P.; Ružička, P.; Rykov, V. L.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakai, S.; Sakashita, K.; Sakata, H.; Sako, H.; Samsonov, V.; Sano, S.; Sarsour, M.; Sato, S.; Sato, T.; Savastio, M.; Sawada, S.; Schaefer, B.; Schmoll, B. K.; Sedgwick, K.; Seele, J.; Seidl, R.; Semenov, A. Yu.; Semenov, V.; Sen, A.; Seto, R.; Sett, P.; Sexton, A.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shevel, A.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shim, H. H.; Shimomura, M.; Shoji, K.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Sim, K. S.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Skutnik, S.; Slunečka, M.; Snowball, M.; Sodre, T.; Soldatov, A.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Staley, F.; Stankus, P. W.; Stenlund, E.; Stepanov, M.; Ster, A.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Sukhanov, A.; Sumita, T.; Sun, J.; Sziklai, J.; Tabaru, T.; Takagi, S.; Takagui, E. M.; Takahara, A.; Taketani, A.; Tanabe, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Taneja, S.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tarján, P.; Tennant, E.; Themann, H.; Thomas, D.; Thomas, T. L.; Tieulent, R.; Timilsina, A.; Todoroki, T.; Togawa, M.; Toia, A.; Tojo, J.; Tomášek, L.; Tomášek, M.; Tomita, Y.; Torii, H.; Towell, C. L.; Towell, R.; Towell, R. S.; Tram, V.-N.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuchimoto, Y.; Utsunomiya, K.; Vale, C.; Valle, H.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vazquez-Zambrano, E.; Veicht, A.; Velkovska, J.; Vértesi, R.; Vinogradov, A. A.; Virius, M.; Vossen, A.; Vrba, V.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wagner, M.; Walker, D.; Wang, X. R.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Watanabe, Y. S.; Wei, F.; Wei, R.; Wessels, J.; White, A. S.; White, S. N.; Winter, D.; Woody, C. L.; Wright, R. M.; Wysocki, M.; Xia, B.; Xie, W.; Xue, L.; Yalcin, S.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Yasin, Z.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; Yoo, J. H.; Yoo, J. S.; Yoon, I.; You, Z.; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yu, H.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zaudtke, O.; Zelenski, A.; Zhang, C.; Zhou, S.; Zimamyi, J.; Zolin, L.; Zou, L.; Phenix Collaboration

    2015-10-01

    We present the first measurement of elliptic (v2) and triangular (v3) flow in high-multiplicity 3He +Au collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV . Two-particle correlations, where the particles have a large separation in pseudorapidity, are compared in 3He +Au and in p +p collisions and indicate that collective effects dominate the second and third Fourier components for the correlations observed in the 3He +Au system. The collective behavior is quantified in terms of elliptic v2 and triangular v3 anisotropy coefficients measured with respect to their corresponding event planes. The v2 values are comparable to those previously measured in d +Au collisions at the same nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass energy. Comparisons with various theoretical predictions are made, including to models where the hot spots created by the impact of the three 3He nucleons on the Au nucleus expand hydrodynamically to generate the triangular flow. The agreement of these models with data may indicate the formation of low-viscosity quark-gluon plasma even in these small collision systems.

  8. Enhanced photocatalytic H{sub 2} evolution over CdS/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} composite photocatalyst under visible-light irradiation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ding, Xiaoling; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Li, Yingxuan, E-mail: yxli@ms.xjb.ac.cn, E-mail: cywang@ms.xjb.ac.cn

    2015-10-01

    A novel heterojunction structured composite photocatalyst CdS/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} has been developed by depositing CdS/Au with a core (Au)-shell (CdS) structure on the surface of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}. The photocatalytic hydrogen production activity of the developed photocatalyst was evaluated under visible-light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) using methanol as a sacrificial reagent. As a result, its activity is about 125.8 times higher than that of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} and is even much higher than that of Pt/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}. The enhancement in photocatalytic activity is attributed to efficient separation of the photoexcited charges due to the anisotropic junction in themore » CdS/Au/g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} system.« less

  9. Which is better? Guy's versus S.T.O.N.E. nephrolithometry scoring systems in predicting stone-free status post-percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

    PubMed

    Noureldin, Yasser A; Elkoushy, Mohamed A; Andonian, Sero

    2015-11-01

    The aim of the present study was to compare the accuracy of the Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems in predicting percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) outcomes. After obtaining ethics approval, medical records of patients undergoing PCNL between 2009 and 2013 at a tertiary stone center were retrospectively reviewed. Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems were calculated. Regression analysis and ROC curves were performed. A total of 185 PCNLs were reviewed. The overall stone-free rate was 71.9 % with a complication rate of 16.2 %. When compared to patients with residual fragments, stone-free patients had significantly lower Guy's grade (2.7 vs. 2; p < 0.001) and S.T.O.N.E. score (8.3 vs. 7.4; p = 0.004). Logistic regression analysis showed that both Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. systems were significantly associated with stone-free status, OR 0.4 (p < 0.001), and OR 0.7 (p = 0.001), respectively. Furthermore, both scoring systems were significantly associated with the estimated blood loss (p = 0.01 and p = 0.005). There was good correlation between both scoring systems and operative time (r = 0.3, p < 0.001 and r = 0.4, p < 0.001) and length of hospital stay (r = 0.2, p = 0.001 and r = 0.3, p < 0.001). However, there were no significant associations between both scoring systems and complications (p = 0.7 and p = 0.6). There was no significant difference in the areas under the curves for the Guy's and S.T.O.N.E. scoring systems (0.74 [95 % CI 0.66-0.82] vs. 0.63 [95 % CI 0.54-0.72]; p = 0.06). Both Guy's and S.T.O.N.E scoring systems have comparable accuracies in predicting post-PCNL stone-free status. Other factors not included in either scoring system may need to be incorporated in the future to increase their accuracy.

  10. MetaRep, an extended CMAS 3D program to visualize mafic (CMAS, ACF-S, ACF-N) and pelitic (AFM-K, AFM-S, AKF-S) projections

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    France, Lydéric; Nicollet, Christian

    2010-06-01

    MetaRep is a program based on our earlier program CMAS 3D. It is developed in MATLAB ® script. MetaRep objectives are to visualize and project major element compositions of mafic and pelitic rocks and their minerals in the pseudo-quaternary projections of the ACF-S, ACF-N, CMAS, AFM-K, AFM-S and AKF-S systems. These six systems are commonly used to describe metamorphic mineral assemblages and magmatic evolutions. Each system, made of four apices, can be represented in a tetrahedron that can be visualized in three dimensions with MetaRep; the four tetrahedron apices represent oxides or combination of oxides that define the composition of the projected rock or mineral. The three-dimensional representation allows one to obtain a better understanding of the topology of the relationships between the rocks and minerals and relations. From these systems, MetaRep can also project data in ternary plots (for example, the ACF, AFM and AKF ternary projections can be generated). A functional interface makes it easy to use and does not require any knowledge of MATLAB ® programming. To facilitate the use, MetaRep loads, from the main interface, data compiled in a Microsoft Excel ™ spreadsheet. Although useful for scientific research, the program is also a powerful tool for teaching. We propose an application example that, by using two combined systems (ACF-S and ACF-N), provides strong confirmation in the petrological interpretation.

  11. Double Z-scheme ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 ternary structure for efficient photocatalytic H2 production

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dong, Zhifang; Wu, Yan; Thirugnanam, Natarajan; Li, Gonglin

    2018-02-01

    In the present work, a novel ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 ternary nanocomposite with double Z-scheme heterojunction has been designed via a two-step facile chemical conversion route. The spherical ZnS nanoparticles were uniformly loaded onto ZnO nanoflowers surface. And then the ZnO/ZnS nanocomposite was further hybridized with g-C3N4 nanosheets. Ternary ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite displays the largest specific surface area (about 76.2 m2/g), which provides plentiful activated sites for photocatalytic reaction. Furthermore, the ternary material exhibits the highest methylene blue photodegradation rate of about 0.0218 min-1 and the optimum photocatalytic H2 production (1205 μmol/g) over water splitting at 4 h under solar light irradiation. Moreover, it showed the highest photocurrent effect and the minimum charge-transfer resistance. These results implied that the higher photoactivity of ZnO/ZnS/g-C3N4 nanocomposite could be attributed to the multi-steps charge transfer and effective electron-hole separation in the double Z-scheme system.

  12. Probabilistic Analysis Techniques Applied to Complex Spacecraft Power System Modeling

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hojnicki, Jeffrey S.; Rusick, Jeffrey J.

    2005-01-01

    Electric power system performance predictions are critical to spacecraft, such as the International Space Station (ISS), to ensure that sufficient power is available to support all the spacecraft s power needs. In the case of the ISS power system, analyses to date have been deterministic, meaning that each analysis produces a single-valued result for power capability because of the complexity and large size of the model. As a result, the deterministic ISS analyses did not account for the sensitivity of the power capability to uncertainties in model input variables. Over the last 10 years, the NASA Glenn Research Center has developed advanced, computationally fast, probabilistic analysis techniques and successfully applied them to large (thousands of nodes) complex structural analysis models. These same techniques were recently applied to large, complex ISS power system models. This new application enables probabilistic power analyses that account for input uncertainties and produce results that include variations caused by these uncertainties. Specifically, N&R Engineering, under contract to NASA, integrated these advanced probabilistic techniques with Glenn s internationally recognized ISS power system model, System Power Analysis for Capability Evaluation (SPACE).

  13. The insect repellent DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) increases the synthesis of glutathione S-transferase in cultured mosquito cells.

    PubMed

    Hellestad, Vanessa J; Witthuhn, Bruce A; Fallon, Ann M

    2011-04-01

    DEET (N,N-diethyl-3-methylbenzamide) is the active ingredient used in many commonly used insect repellents, but its mode of action remains poorly understood. Efforts to identify properties that could lead to the development of more effective active ingredients have distinguished among DEET's repellent, deterrent, and insecticidal activities. We used an Aedes albopictus mosquito cell line to evaluate DEET's toxicological properties in the absence of sensory input mediated by the olfactory system. When cells were treated with DEET and labeled with [(35)S]methionine/cysteine, a single 25-kDa protein was induced, relative to other proteins, on SDS-polyacrylamide gels. The 25-kDa band from DEET-treated cells was enriched in peptides corresponding to glutathione S-transferase D10 and/or theta in the Aedes aegypti genome. Consistent with the increased expression of the labeled protein, DEET-treated cells had increased glutathione S-transferase activity, and the radiolabeled band bound to Sepharose 4B containing reduced glutathione. By analyzing partial tryptic digests, we established that DEET induces the homolog of A. aegypti glutathione S-transferase, class theta, corresponding to protein XP_001658009.1 in the NCBI database. This specific effect of DEET at the subcellular level suggests that DEET induces physiological responses that extend beyond recognition by the peripheral olfactory system.

  14. An Automated Micro-Total Immunoassay System for Measuring Cancer-Associated α2,3-linked Sialyl N-Glycan-Carrying Prostate-Specific Antigen May Improve the Accuracy of Prostate Cancer Diagnosis

    PubMed Central

    Ishikawa, Tomokazu; Yoneyama, Tohru; Tobisawa, Yuki; Hatakeyama, Shingo; Kurosawa, Tatsuo; Nakamura, Kenji; Narita, Shintaro; Mitsuzuka, Koji; Duivenvoorden, Wilhelmina; Pinthus, Jehonathan H.; Hashimoto, Yasuhiro; Koie, Takuya; Habuchi, Tomonori; Arai, Yoichi; Ohyama, Chikara

    2017-01-01

    The low specificity of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for early detection of prostate cancer (PCa) is a major issue worldwide. The aim of this study to examine whether the serum PCa-associated α2,3-linked sialyl N-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,3PSA) ratio measured by automated micro-total immunoassay systems (μTAS system) can be applied as a diagnostic marker of PCa. The μTAS system can utilize affinity-based separation involving noncovalent interaction between the immunocomplex of S2,3PSA and Maackia amurensis lectin to simultaneously determine concentrations of free PSA and S2,3PSA. To validate quantitative performance, both recombinant S2,3PSA and benign-associated α2,6-linked sialyl N-glycan-carrying PSA (S2,6PSA) purified from culture supernatant of PSA cDNA transiently-transfected Chinese hamster ovary (CHO)-K1 cells were used as standard protein. Between 2007 and 2016, fifty patients with biopsy-proven PCa were pair-matched for age and PSA levels, with the same number of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) patients used to validate the diagnostic performance of serum S2,3PSA ratio. A recombinant S2,3PSA- and S2,6PSA-spiked sample was clearly discriminated by μTAS system. Limit of detection of S2,3PSA was 0.05 ng/mL and coefficient variation was less than 3.1%. The area under the curve (AUC) for detection of PCa for the S2,3PSA ratio (%S2,3PSA) with cutoff value 43.85% (AUC; 0.8340) was much superior to total PSA (AUC; 0.5062) using validation sample set. Although the present results are preliminary, the newly developed μTAS platform for measuring %S2,3PSA can achieve the required assay performance specifications for use in the practical and clinical setting and may improve the accuracy of PCa diagnosis. Additional validation studies are warranted. PMID:28241428

  15. Swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross-reactivity to contemporary U.S. swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an H3N2 similar to 2011-2012 H3N2v

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Background: Swine influenza A virus (IAV) reassortment with 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus has been documented and new genotypes and sub-clusters of H3N2 have since expanded in the U.S. swine population. An H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus with the H1N1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of sw...

  16. MoS2 quantum dots decorated g-C3N4/Ag heterostructures for enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Yanhui; Liang, Wei; Guo, Jinqiu; Tang, Hua; Liu, Shuaishuai

    2018-02-01

    A novel MoS2 quantum dots (QDs) decorated g-C3N4/Ag heterostructured photocatalyst has been synthesized via a two-step method including in situ microemulsion-assisted reduction and wetness impregnation method. The obtained heterostructure photocatalyst was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and photoluminescence spectrosxopy (PL). The photocatalytic activity was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under visible-light irradiation. The MoS2 QDs decorated hybrid photocatalysts exhibited significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance. The concentration of Ag and MoS2 QDs showing the optimal photocatalytic performance was determined to be 10% and 0.3% respectively, which exceeded the photocatalytic performance of pure g-C3N4 by more than 4.7 times. Recycling experiments confirmed that the hybrid catalysts had superior cycle performance and stability. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of MoS2 QDs decorated g-C3N4/Ag hybrid photocatalysts can be mainly ascribed to enhanced visible-light absorption, the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers and the stronger oxidation and reduction ability through a Z-scheme system composed of g-C3N4, Ag and MoS2 QDs, in which Ag nanoparticles act as the charge separation center. The evidence of the Z-scheme photocatalytic mechanism of the composite photocatalysts was obtained from the active species trapping experiments.

  17. The role of electric field in enhancing separation of gas molecules (H2S, CO2, H2O) on VIB modified g-C3N4 (0 0 1)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Fang; Li, Penghui; Wei, Shiqian; Guo, Jiaxing; Dan, Meng; Zhou, Ying

    2018-07-01

    In this study, the first-principles calculations were performed to investigate the adsorption behaviors of gas molecules H2S, CO2 and H2O on Cr, Mo and W modified g-C3N4 (0 0 1) surface. The results show that H2S, CO2 and H2O are physically adsorbed on the pristine g-C3N4, while the adsorption becomes chemisorbed due to the introduction of transition metals which significantly improve the interfacial electron transfer and narrow the band gap of g-C3N4 (0 0 1). Furthermore, it is found that the adsorption behaviors can be greatly influenced by the applied electric field. The adsorption energy is generally arranged in the order of Eads(H2S) > Eads(H2O) > Eads(CO2), and W/g-C3N4 (0 0 1) exhibits the best separation capability. The study could provide a versatile approach to selectively capture and separate the mixed gases in the catalytic reactions by controlling the applied intensity of electric field.

  18. DFT calculations and NMR measurements applied to the conformational analysis of cis and trans-3-phenylaminocyclohexyl N,N-dimethylcarbamates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Melo, Ulisses Zonta de; Yamazaki, Diego Alberto dos Santos; Cândido, Augusto de Araújo; Basso, Ernani Abicht; Gauze, Gisele de Freitas

    2018-07-01

    The three-dimensional structure of a potential drug molecule is of critical importance. Factors that determine its conformational stability and, consequently, corresponding biological/physicochemical properties of interest must therefore be carefully analyzed. Conformational properties and molecular structures of cis and trans-3-phenylaminocyclohexyl N,N-dimethylcarbamates were studied by low temperature 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and electronic structure calculations. B3LYP and M06-2X methods associated with the 6-311++G(2df,2p) basis set, and the integral-equation-formalism polarizable continuum model were used to study the conformational preferences in dichloromethane, acetone and methanol. NMR measurements indicated that for the cis isomer, the conformer with both substituents in equatorial position is the most stable, while for the trans isomer, the conformer with the carbamate group in the axial position and the arylamine in the equatorial position is favored in all solvents. B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,2p) theory level associated with IEF-PCM described properly the conformational preference in solution. NBO analyses were applied to determine the importance of hyperconjugative interactions in the conformational equilibrium.

  19. Rational synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters: the reductive coupling approach in the convenient synthesis of (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et, (n)Pr, (n)Bu] and the new [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl]-1/2(Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4)) and (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) clusters.

    PubMed

    Han, J; Koutmos, M; Ahmad, S A; Coucouvanis, D

    2001-11-05

    A general method for the synthesis of high nuclearity Mo/Fe/S clusters is presented and involves the reductive coupling of the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)MoOFeS(2)Cl(2)] (I) and (Et(4)N)(2)[Fe(2)S(2)Cl(4)] (II) clusters. The reaction of I and II with Fe(PR(3))(2)Cl(2) or sodium salts of noncoordinating anions such as NaPF(6) or NaBPh(4) in the presence of PR(3) (R = Et, (n)Pr, or (n)Bu) affords (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et (IIIa), (n)Pr (IIIb), (n)Bu (IIIc)], Fe(6)S(6)(PEt(3))(4)Cl(2) (IV) and (PF(6))[Fe(6)S(8)(P(n)Pr(3))(6)] (V) as byproducts. The isolation of (Et(4)N)[Fe(PEt(3))Cl(3)] (VI), NaCl, and SPEt(3) supports a reductive coupling mechanism. Cluster IV and V also have been synthesized by the reductive self-coupling of compound II. The reductive coupling reaction between I and II by PEt(3) and NaPF(6) in a 1:1 ratio produces the (Et(4)N)(2)[(Cl(4)-cat)Mo(L)Fe(3)S(4)Cl(3)] clusters [L = MeCN (VIIa), THF (VIIb)]. The hitherto unknown [(Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(2)S(3)O(PEt(3))(3)Cl](+) cluster (VIII) has been isolated as the 2:1 salt of the (Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4))(2+) cation after the reductive self-coupling reaction of I in the presence of Fe(PEt(3))(2)Cl(2). Cluster VIII crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/c with a = 11.098(3) A, b = 22.827(6) A, c = 25.855(6) A, beta = 91.680(4) degrees, and Z = 4. The formal oxidation states of metal atoms in VIII have been assigned as Mo(III), Mo(IV), Fe(II), and Fe(III) on the basis of zero-field Mössbauer spectra. The Fe(PEt(3))(2)(MeCN)(4) cation of VIII is also synthesized independently, isolated as the BPh(4)(-) salt (IX), and has been structurally characterized. The reductive coupling of compound I also affords in low yield the new (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(3)S(5)(PEt(3))(5) cluster (X) as a byproduct. Cluster X crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 14.811(3) A, b = 22.188(4) A, c = 21.864(4) A, beta = 100.124(3) degrees, and Z = 4 and the structure shows very short Mo

  20. Phase diagrams of the sections As/sub 2/S/sub 3/-Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/, Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/-S, and Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/-Tl/sub 2/S of the ternary system As-Tl-S

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vorob'ev, Yu.I.; Velikova, N.G.; Kirilenko, V.V.

    1987-12-01

    Using DTA and XPA methods, microstructural investigations, and microhardness measurements, phase diagrams of the quasibinary sections As/sub 2/S/sub 3/-Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/, Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/-S, and Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/-Tl/sub 2/S, are characterized by five ternary compounds Tl/sub 3/As/sub 5/S/sub 10/, Tl/sub 9/As/sub 5/S/sub 15/, Tl/sub 9/As/sub 3/S/sub 13/, Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 6/, and Tl/sub 8/As/sub 2/S/sub 9/, which decompose by peritectic reactions at 198, 307, 408, 362, and 318/degree/C, respectively. Interplanar spacings and line intensities are given for the detected compounds. Glass formation is considered in the Tl-As-S system.

  1. High current density 2D/3D MoS2/GaN Esaki tunnel diodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krishnamoorthy, Sriram; Lee, Edwin W.; Lee, Choong Hee; Zhang, Yuewei; McCulloch, William D.; Johnson, Jared M.; Hwang, Jinwoo; Wu, Yiying; Rajan, Siddharth

    2016-10-01

    The integration of two-dimensional materials such as transition metal dichalcogenides with bulk semiconductors offer interesting opportunities for 2D/3D heterojunction-based device structures without any constraints of lattice matching. By exploiting the favorable band alignment at the GaN/MoS2 heterojunction, an Esaki interband tunnel diode is demonstrated by transferring large area Nb-doped, p-type MoS2 onto heavily n-doped GaN. A peak current density of 446 A/cm2 with repeatable room temperature negative differential resistance, peak to valley current ratio of 1.2, and minimal hysteresis was measured in the MoS2/GaN non-epitaxial tunnel diode. A high current density of 1 kA/cm2 was measured in the Zener mode (reverse bias) at -1 V bias. The GaN/MoS2 tunnel junction was also modeled by treating MoS2 as a bulk semiconductor, and the electrostatics at the 2D/3D interface was found to be crucial in explaining the experimentally observed device characteristics.

  2. The Li–Si–(O)–N system revisited: Structural characterization of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Casas-Cabanas, M.; Santner, H.; Palacín, M.R., E-mail: rosa.palacin@icmab.es

    2014-05-01

    A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. The synthetic conditions to prepare Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are described and the structure of the last two compounds has been solved for the first time. While Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructure of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Graphical abstract: A systematic study of the Li–Si–(O)–N system is presented. Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} crystallizes as a superstructuremore » of the anti-fluorite structure with Li and Si ordering, Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O exhibits the anti-fluorite structure with both anion and cation disorder. - Highlights: • Li{sub 2}SiN{sub 2}, Li{sub 5}SiN{sub 3}, Li{sub 18}Si{sub 3}N{sub 10}, Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are prepared. • The structures of Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} and Li{sub 7}SiN{sub 3}O are presented. • Li{sub 21}Si{sub 3}N{sub 11} exhibits an anti-fluorite superstructure with Li and Si ordering.« less

  3. ElarmS Earthquake Early Warning System: 2017 Performance and New ElarmS Version 3.0 (E3)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chung, A. I.; Henson, I. H.; Allen, R. M.; Hellweg, M.; Neuhauser, D. S.

    2017-12-01

    The ElarmS earthquake early warning (EEW) system has been successfully detecting earthquakes throughout California since 2007. ElarmS version 2.0 (E2) is one of the three algorithms contributing alerts to ShakeAlert, a public EEW system being developed by the USGS in collaboration with UC Berkeley, Caltech, University of Washington, and University of Oregon. E2 began operating in test mode in the Pacific Northwest in 2013, and since April of this year E2 has been contributing real-time alerts from Oregon and Washington to the ShakeAlert production prototype system as part of the ShakeAlert roll-out throughout the West Coast. Since it began operating west-coast-wide, E2 has correctly alerted on 5 events that matched ANSS catalog events with M≥4, missed 1 event with M≥4, and incorrectly created alerts for 5 false events with M≥4. The most recent version of the algorithm, ElarmS version 3.0 (E3), is a significant improvement over E2. It addresses some of the most problematic causes of false events for which E2 produced alerts, without impacting reliability in terms of matched and missed events. Of the 5 false events that were generated by E2 since April, 4 would have been suppressed by E3. In E3, we have added a filterbank teleseismic filter. By analyzing the amplitude of the waveform filtered in various passbands, it is possible to distinguish between local and teleseismic events. We have also added a series of checks to validate triggers and filter out spurious and S-wave triggers. Additional improvements to the waveform associator also improve detections. In this presentation, we describe the improvements and compare the performance of the current production (E2) and development (E3) versions of ElarmS over the past year. The ShakeAlert project is now working through a streamlining process to identify the best components of various algorithms and merge them. The ElarmS team is participating in this effort and we anticipate that much of E3 will continue in the

  4. Heterogeneous reactions of HNO3(g) + NaCl(s) yields HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) and N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) yields ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(s)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leu, Ming-Taun; Timonen, Raimo S.; Keyser, Leon F.; Yung, Yuk L.

    1995-01-01

    The heterogeneous reactions of HNO3(g) + NaCl(s) yields HCl(g) + NaNO3(s) (eq 1) and N2O5(g) + NaCl(s) yields ClNO2(g) + NaNO3(S) (eq 2) were investigated over the temperature range 223-296 K in a flow-tube reactor coupled to a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Either a chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) or an electron-impact ionization mass spectrometer (EIMS) was used to provide suitable detection sensitivity and selectivity. In order to mimic atmospheric conditions, partial pressures of HNO3 and N2O5 in the range 6 x 10(exp -8) - 2 x 10(exp -6) Torr were used. Granule sizes and surface roughness of the solid NaCl substrates were determined by using a scanning electron microscope. For dry NaCl substrates, decay rates of HNO3 were used to obtain gamma(1) = 0.013 +/- 0.004 (1sigma) at 296 K and > 0.008 at 223 K, respectively. The error quoted is the statistical error. After all corrections were made, the overall error, including systematic error, was estimated to be about a factor of 2. HCl was found to be the sole gas-phase product of reaction 1. The mechanism changed from heterogeneous reaction to predominantly physical adsorption when the reactor was cooled from 296 to 223 K. For reaction 2 using dry salts, gamma(2) was found to be less than 1.0 x 10(exp -4) at both 223 and 296 K. The gas-phase reaction product was identified as ClNO2 in previous studies using an infrared spectrometer. An enhancement in reaction probability was observed if water was not completely removed from salt surfaces, probably due to the reaction of N2O5(g) + H2O(s) yields 2HNO3(g). Our results are compared with previous literature values obtained using different experimental techniques and conditions. The implications of the present results for the enhancement of the hydrogen chloride column density in the lower stratosphere after the El Chichon volcanic eruption and for the chemistry of HCl and HNO3 in the marine troposphere are discussed.

  5. Superconductivity in semimetallic B i 3 O 2 S 3

    DOE PAGES

    Li, L.; Parker, D.; Babkevich, P.; ...

    2015-03-12

    We report in this paper a further investigation on the thermodynamic and transport properties, and an assessment of theoretical calculations, for the BiS 2-layered Bi 3O 2S 3 superconductor. The polycrystalline sample is synthesized with a superconducting transition temperature of T c onset=5.75K and T c zero=4.03K (≈Tc mag) that drops to 3.3 K by applying a hydrostatic pressure of 6 kbar. Density-of-states (DOS) calculations give substantial hybridization between Bi, O, and S, with Bi the largest component of DOS, which supports the idea that the BiS 2 layer is relevant for producing electron-phonon coupling. An analysis of previously publishedmore » specific heat data for Bi 3O 2S 3 is additionally suggestive of a strong electron-phonon interaction in the Bi-O-S system. The analysis of the Seebeck coefficient results strongly suggests that Bi 3O 2S 3 is a semimetal. In fact, we found the semimetallic or narrow band gap behavior may occur in certain other materials in the BiS 2-layered class of materials, such as Bi 4O 4S 3.« less

  6. Assessment of soil nitrogen variability related to N doses applied through fertirrigation system.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Castellanos, M. T.; Tarquis, A. M.; Ribas, F.; Cabello, M. J.; Arce, A.; Cartagena, M. C.

    2009-04-01

    The knowledge of water and nitrogen dynamics in soils under drip irrigation and fertilizer application is essential to optimizing water and nitrogen management. Recent studies of water and nitrogen distribution in the soil under drip irrigation focus on water and inorganic nitrogen distribution around the drip emitters. Results of the studies are not verified with field experimental data. Reasons might include difficulties in obtaining field experimental data under irrigation and nitrogen fertilization [1]. N is an element which produces a stronger crop response, accelerates vegetative growth, plant development and yield increase. Accumulation and redistribution of N within the soil varies depending on management practices, soil characteristics, and growing season precipitation. Soil N high content at post-harvest is usually provided as evidence that N fertilizer had been applied in excess. The aim of this study is to characterize mineral N distribution in the soil profile measured at 5, 15, 25, 35, 45 and 55 cm of depth at the end of melon crop that received three N treatments: 93 (N93), 243 (N243) and 393 kg N ha-1(N393). The agronomic practices created a higher variability in soil Nitrogen content. NH4- N reduction in the soil profile can also be explained by the nitrification process. The high absorption and rapid nitrification of NH4+ ions in the plot layer are the main reason of a reduce movement downstream. NO3- ions present higher mobility in the soil profile. [1] Rahil, M.H.; Antonopoulos, V.Z. 2007. Simulating soil water flow and nitrogen dynamics in a sunflower field irrigated with reclaimed wastewater. Agricultural Water Management 92, 142 - 150. Acknowledgements: This project has been supported by INIA-RTA04-111

  7. The effect of nitrification inhibitors on NH3 and N2O emissions in highly N fertilized irrigated Mediterranean cropping systems.

    PubMed

    Recio, Jaime; Vallejo, Antonio; Le-Noë, Julia; Garnier, Josette; García-Marco, Sonia; Álvarez, José Manuel; Sanz-Cobena, Alberto

    2018-09-15

    There is an increasing concern about the negative impacts associated to the release of reactive nitrogen (N) from highly fertilized agro-ecosystems. Ammonia (NH 3 ) and nitrous oxide (N 2 O) are harmful N pollutants that may contribute both directly and indirectly to global warming. Surface applied manure, urea and ammonium (NH 4 + ) based fertilizers are important anthropogenic sources of these emissions. Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) have been proposed as a useful technological approach to reduce N 2 O emission although they can lead to large NH 3 losses due to increasing NH 4 + pool in soils. In this context, a field experiment was carried out in a maize field with aiming to simultaneously quantify NH 3 volatilization and N 2 O emission, assessing the effect of two NIs 3,4‑dimethilpyrazol phosphate (DMPP) and 3,4‑dimethylpyrazole succinic acid (DMPSA). The first treatment was pig slurry (PS) before seeding (50 kg N ha -1 ) and calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN) at top-dressing (150 kg N ha -1 ), and the second was DMPP diluted in PS (PS + DMPP) (50 kg N ha -1 ) and CAN + DMPSA (150 kg N ha -1 ) also before seeding and at top-dressing, respectively. Ammonia emissions were quantified by a micrometeorological method during 20 days after fertilization and N 2 O emissions were assessed using manual static chambers during all crop period. The treatment with NIs was effective in reducing c. 30% cumulative N 2 O losses. However, considering only direct N 2 O emissions after second fertilization event, a significant reduction was not observed using CAN+DMPSA, probably because high WFPS of soil, driven by irrigation, favored denitrification. Cumulative NH 3 losses were not significantly affected by NIs. Indeed, NH 3 volatilization accounted 14% and 10% of N applied in PS + DMPP and PS plots, respectively and c. 2% of total N applied in CAN+DMPSA and CAN plots. Since important NH 3 losses still exist even although abating strategies

  8. Enhancing soil infiltration reduces gaseous emissions and improves N uptake from applied dairy slurry.

    PubMed

    Bhandral, R; Bittman, S; Kowalenko, G; Buckley, K; Chantigny, M H; Hunt, D E; Bounaix, F; Friesen, A

    2009-01-01

    Rapid infiltration of liquid manure into the soil reduces emissions of ammonia (NH(3)) into the atmosphere. This study was undertaken to assess the effects of two low-cost methods of assisting infiltration of applied dairy slurry on emissions of NH(3), nitrous oxide (N(2)O), and on crop N uptake. The two methods were removing of solids by settling-decantation to make the manure less viscous and mechanically aerating the soil. Ammonia emissions were measured with wind tunnels as percentage of applied total ammoniacal nitrogen (TAN) while emissions of N(2)O were measured with vented chambers. Mechanically aerating the soil before manure application significantly reduced emissions of NH(3) relative to the nonaerated soil in spring (38.6 to 20.3% of applied TAN), summer (41.1 to 26.4% of applied TAN) and fall (27.7 to 13.6% of applied TAN) trials. Decantation of manure had no effect on NH(3) emissions in spring, tended to increase emissions in summer and significantly decreased emissions in fall (30.3 to 11.1% of applied TAN). Combining the two abatement techniques reduced NH(3) emission by 82% in fall, under cool weather conditions typical of manure spreading. The two abatement techniques generally did not significantly affect N(2)O emissions. Uptake of applied N by Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) was generally significantly greater with decanted than from whole manure but the effect of aeration was generally small and not significant. The study shows that low cost methods that assist manure infiltration into the soil may be used to greatly reduce ammonia loss without increasing N(2)O emissions, but efficacy of abatement methods is affected by weather conditions.

  9. The Mechanism and Dynamics of N-S Rifting in Southern Tibet: Insight From 3-D Thermomechanical Modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pang, Yajin; Zhang, Huai; Gerya, Taras V.; Liao, Jie; Cheng, Huihong; Shi, Yaolin

    2018-01-01

    N-S trending rifts are widely distributed in southern Tibet, suggesting that this region is under E-W extension, behind the N-S collision between the Eurasia and India plates. Geophysical anomalies and Miocene magma extrusions indicate the presence of dispersed weak zones in the middle to lower crust in southern Tibet. These weak zones are partially located underneath the N-S rifting systems. In order to study the formation of rifts in collision zones, we have developed a high-resolution 3-D thermomechanical model of continental lithosphere with bidirectional compressional-extensional deformation, and spatially localized weak and low-density zones in the middle to lower crust. Our numerical experiments systematically reproduce the development of N-S trending rifts. Model results reveal that the weak middle to lower crust triggers the development of normal faults in the upper crust and surface uplift, whereas regions without such weak layer or with small-scale weak zones are characterized by strike-slip faulting. Geodynamic properties (density, depth, and geometry) of the weak middle to lower crust and Moho temperature notably influence the rifting pattern. In addition, rifting formation is critically controlled by large E-W extension, with the ratio of extensional to compressional strain rate larger than 1.5 in the model with continuous weak middle crust. Our simulated rifting patterns correlate well with the observations in southern Tibet; we conclude that a combination of the bidirectional compression-extension and the presence of locally weak middle to lower crust triggered the development of the rifting systems in southern Tibet.

  10. (S)-N-{1-[5-(4-Chloro-benzyl-sulfanyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]eth-yl}-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Syed, Tayyaba; Hameed, Shahid; Jones, Peter G

    2011-10-01

    The title compound, C(18)H(18)ClN(3)O(3)S(2), adopts by folding the form of a distorted disc. Inter-planar angles are 29.51 (7) and 63.43 (7)° from the five-membered ring to the aromatic systems and 34.80 (6)° between these two latter rings. The absolute configuration was confirmed by determination of the Flack parameter. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by four hydrogen bonds, one classical (N-H⋯N) and three 'weak' (C-H⋯O), forming layers parallel to the ac plane; these are in turn linked in the third dimension by Cl⋯N [3.1689 (16) Å] and Cl⋯O [3.3148 (13) Å] contacts to the heterocyclic ring.

  11. Applications of the Coulomb-modified Glauber approximation to n = 2 and n = 3 excitation of hydrogenlike ions by incident electrons. II

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thomas, B. K.

    1978-01-01

    The Coulomb-modified form of the Glauber approximation is applied to the n = 2 and n = 3 excitation of hydrogenlike ions by incident electrons for various values of the target-ion nuclear charge Z sub n. The properly computed e(-)-He(+) 1s - 2s,2p Glauber predictions, including appropriate cascade effects, are compared with available experiment. The Z sub n dependence of the scaled integrated (over scattering angles) cross section is discussed, including the limit as Z sub n approaches infinity.

  12. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vif N-Terminal Residues Selectively Counteract Feline APOBEC3s.

    PubMed

    Gu, Qinyong; Zhang, Zeli; Cano Ortiz, Lucía; Franco, Ana Cláudia; Häussinger, Dieter; Münk, Carsten

    2016-12-01

    Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Vif protein counteracts feline APOBEC3s (FcaA3s) restriction factors by inducing their proteasomal degradation. The functional domains in FIV Vif for interaction with FcaA3s are poorly understood. Here, we have identified several motifs in FIV Vif that are important for selective degradation of different FcaA3s. Cats (Felis catus) express three types of A3s: single-domain A3Z2, single-domain A3Z3, and double-domain A3Z2Z3. We proposed that FIV Vif would selectively interact with the Z2 and the Z3 A3s. Indeed, we identified two N-terminal Vif motifs (12LF13 and 18GG19) that specifically interacted with the FcaA3Z2 protein but not with A3Z3. In contrast, the exclusive degradation of FcaA3Z3 was regulated by a region of three residues (M24, L25, and I27). Only a FIV Vif carrying a combination of mutations from both interaction sites lost the capacity to degrade and counteract FcaA3Z2Z3. However, alterations in the specific A3s interaction sites did not affect the cellular localization of the FIV Vif protein and binding to feline A3s. Pulldown experiments demonstrated that the A3 binding region localized to FIV Vif residues 50 to 80, outside the specific A3 interaction domain. Finally, we found that the Vif sites specific to individual A3s are conserved in several FIV lineages of domestic cat and nondomestic cats, while being absent in the FIV Vif of pumas. Our data support a complex model of multiple Vif-A3 interactions in which the specific region for selective A3 counteraction is discrete from a general A3 binding domain. Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Vif proteins counteract their host's APOBEC3 restriction factors. However, these two Vif proteins have limited sequence homology. The molecular interaction between FIV Vif and feline APOBEC3s are not well understood. Here, we identified N-terminal FIV Vif sites that regulate the selective interaction of Vif with either feline APOBEC3Z

  13. Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Vif N-Terminal Residues Selectively Counteract Feline APOBEC3s

    PubMed Central

    Gu, Qinyong; Zhang, Zeli; Cano Ortiz, Lucía; Franco, Ana Cláudia; Häussinger, Dieter

    2016-01-01

    ABSTRACT Feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Vif protein counteracts feline APOBEC3s (FcaA3s) restriction factors by inducing their proteasomal degradation. The functional domains in FIV Vif for interaction with FcaA3s are poorly understood. Here, we have identified several motifs in FIV Vif that are important for selective degradation of different FcaA3s. Cats (Felis catus) express three types of A3s: single-domain A3Z2, single-domain A3Z3, and double-domain A3Z2Z3. We proposed that FIV Vif would selectively interact with the Z2 and the Z3 A3s. Indeed, we identified two N-terminal Vif motifs (12LF13 and 18GG19) that specifically interacted with the FcaA3Z2 protein but not with A3Z3. In contrast, the exclusive degradation of FcaA3Z3 was regulated by a region of three residues (M24, L25, and I27). Only a FIV Vif carrying a combination of mutations from both interaction sites lost the capacity to degrade and counteract FcaA3Z2Z3. However, alterations in the specific A3s interaction sites did not affect the cellular localization of the FIV Vif protein and binding to feline A3s. Pulldown experiments demonstrated that the A3 binding region localized to FIV Vif residues 50 to 80, outside the specific A3 interaction domain. Finally, we found that the Vif sites specific to individual A3s are conserved in several FIV lineages of domestic cat and nondomestic cats, while being absent in the FIV Vif of pumas. Our data support a complex model of multiple Vif-A3 interactions in which the specific region for selective A3 counteraction is discrete from a general A3 binding domain. IMPORTANCE Both human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) Vif proteins counteract their host's APOBEC3 restriction factors. However, these two Vif proteins have limited sequence homology. The molecular interaction between FIV Vif and feline APOBEC3s are not well understood. Here, we identified N-terminal FIV Vif sites that regulate the selective interaction of Vif with

  14. Epitaxial MoS2/GaN structures to enable vertical 2D/3D semiconductor heterostructure devices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ruzmetov, D.; Zhang, K.; Stan, G.; Kalanyan, B.; Eichfeld, S.; Burke, R.; Shah, P.; O'Regan, T.; Crowne, F.; Birdwell, A. G.; Robinson, J.; Davydov, A.; Ivanov, T.

    MoS2/GaN structures are investigated as a building block for vertical 2D/3D semiconductor heterostructure devices that utilize a 3D substrate (GaN) as an active component of the semiconductor device without the need of mechanical transfer of the 2D layer. Our CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 has been shown to be epitaxially aligned to the GaN lattice which is a pre-requisite for high quality 2D/3D interfaces desired for efficient vertical transport and large area growth. The MoS2 coverage is nearly 50 % including isolated triangles and monolayer islands. The GaN template is a double-layer grown by MOCVD on sapphire and allows for measurement of transport perpendicular to the 2D layer. Photoluminescence, Raman, XPS, Kelvin force probe microscopy, and SEM analysis identified high quality monolayer MoS2. The MoS2/GaN structures electrically conduct in the out-of-plane direction and across the van der Waals gap, as measured with conducting AFM (CAFM). The CAFM current maps and I-V characteristics are analyzed to estimate the MoS2/GaN contact resistivity to be less than 4 Ω-cm2 and current spreading in the MoS2 monolayer to be approx. 1 μm in diameter. Epitaxial MoS2/GaN heterostructures present a promising platform for the design of energy-efficient, high-speed vertical devices incorporating 2D layered materials with 3D semiconductors.

  15. Efficient (3S)-Acetoin and (2S,3S)-2,3-Butanediol Production from meso-2,3-Butanediol Using Whole-Cell Biocatalysis.

    PubMed

    He, Yuanzhi; Chen, Feixue; Sun, Meijing; Gao, Huifang; Guo, Zewang; Lin, Hui; Chen, Jiebo; Jin, Wensong; Yang, Yunlong; Zhang, Liaoyuan; Yuan, Jun

    2018-03-19

    (3 S )-Acetoin and (2 S ,3 S )-2,3-butanediol are important platform chemicals widely applied in the asymmetric synthesis of valuable chiral chemicals. However, their production by fermentative methods is difficult to perform. This study aimed to develop a whole-cell biocatalysis strategy for the production of (3 S )-acetoin and (2 S ,3 S )-2,3-butanediol from meso -2,3-butanediol. First, E. coli co-expressing (2 R ,3 R )-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase, NADH oxidase and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin was developed for (3 S )-acetoin production from meso -2,3-butanediol. Maximum (3 S )-acetoin concentration of 72.38 g/L with the stereoisomeric purity of 94.65% was achieved at 24 h under optimal conditions. Subsequently, we developed another biocatalyst co-expressing (2 S ,3 S )-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase and formate dehydrogenase for (2 S ,3 S )-2,3-butanediol production from (3 S )-acetoin. Synchronous catalysis together with two biocatalysts afforded 38.41 g/L of (2 S ,3 S )-butanediol with stereoisomeric purity of 98.03% from 40 g/L meso -2,3-butanediol. These results exhibited the potential for (3 S )-acetoin and (2 S ,3 S )-butanediol production from meso -2,3-butanediol as a substrate via whole-cell biocatalysis.

  16. Room-Temperature Synthesis of Thiostannates from {[Ni(tren)]2[Sn2S6]}n.

    PubMed

    Hilbert, Jessica; Näther, Christian; Weihrich, Richard; Bensch, Wolfgang

    2016-08-15

    The compound {[Ni(tren)]2[Sn2S6]}n (1) (tren = tris(2-aminoethyl)amine, C6H18N4) was successfully applied as source for the room-temperature synthesis of the new thiostannates [Ni(tren)(ma)(H2O)]2[Sn2S6]·4H2O (2) (ma = methylamine, CH5N) and [Ni(tren)(1,2-dap)]2[Sn2S6]·2H2O (3) (1,2-dap = 1,2-diaminopropane, C3H10N2). The Ni-S bonds in the Ni2S2N8 bioctahedron in the structure of 1 are analyzed with density functional theory calculations demonstrating significantly differing Ni-S bond strengths. Because of this asymmetry they are easily broken in the presence of an excess of ma or 1,2-dap immediately followed by Ni-N bond formation to N donor atoms of the amine ligands thus generating [Ni(tren)(amine)](2+) complexes. The chemical reactions are fast, and compounds 2 and 3 are formed within 1 h. The synthesis concept presented here opens hitherto unknown possibilities for preparation of new thiostannates.

  17. 3-[4-Bromo-α( R*)-methoxybenzyl]-6-chloro-3( S*),4( S*)-dihydroxychroman: X-ray and DFT Studies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sepay, Nayim; Mondal, Rina; Guha, Chayan; Mallik, Asok K.

    2018-05-01

    Sodium borohydride reduction of E-3-benzylidenechromanone epoxides in dry methanol has afforded 3( S*), 4( S*)-dihydroxy-3-[α( R*)-methoxybenzyl]chromans as an interesting class of products, the structures of which have been assigned mainly from spectral data and consideration of the mechanistic aspects. X-ray diffraction study of one of them, 3-[4-bromo-α( R*)-methoxybenzyl]-6-chloro-3( S*),4( S*)- dihydroxychroman, is performed. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic sp. gr. P21/ n, with a = 13.336(6) Å, b = 10.866(5) Å, c = 27.166(11) Å, β = 95.193(6)°, V = 3920(3) Å3, and Z = 8. Supramolecular construction of the compound involves O-H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds as well as three other types of non-covalent interactions which are responsible for crystal packing. Density functional theory was applied for geometry optimization, molecular orbital calculations, and prediction of UV spectral features. The geometric parameters (bond lengths, bond angles, and dihedral angles) for the representative compound obtained from density functional theory with B3LY6-31G basis set were in good agreement with experimental values.

  18. [Emission of CH4, N2O and NH3 from vegetable field applied with animal manure composts].

    PubMed

    Wan, He-Feng; Zhao, Chen-Yang; Zhong, Jia; Ge, Zhen; Wei, Yuan-Song; Zheng, Jia-Xi; Wu, Yu-Long; Han, Sheng-Hui; Zheng, Bo-Fu; Li, Hong-Mei

    2014-03-01

    Greenhouse gas (GHG) emission from vegetable land is of great concern recently because agriculture land is one of the major sources contributing to global GHG emission. In this study, an experiment of Lactuca sativa L. land applied with different animal manure composts was carried out in a greenhouse vegetable land located in the surburb of Beijing to monitor the emission of GHG (CH4 and N2O) and ammonia in situ, and to analyze the affecting factors of GHG and ammonia emission. Results showed that the emission factors (EFs) of CH4 from Treatment NRM, RM and CF were 0.2%, 0.027% and 0.004%, respectively,the EFs of N2O from these three treatments were 0.18%, 0.63% and 0.74%, respectively, and the EFs of ammonia were 2.00%, 3.98% and 2.53%, respectively. CH4 emission flux was significantly affected by soil temperature and humidity, while N2O emission flux was related to soil temperature, surface temperature and humidity. The emission fluxes of CH4, N2O and NH3 were significantly affected by soil moisture, but there was little relation between CH4, N2O and NH3 emissions and the ambient temperature in the greenhouse.

  19. In Vivo Photo-Cross-Linking to Study T3S Interactions Demonstrated Using the Yersinia pestis T3S System.

    PubMed

    Henderson, Thomas A; Nilles, Matthew L

    2017-01-01

    Cross-linking of proteins is effective in determining protein-protein interactions. The use of photo-cross-linkers was developed to study protein interactions in several manners. One method involved the incorporation of photo-activatable cross-linking groups into chemically synthesized peptides. A second approach relies on incorporation of photo-activatable cross-linking groups into proteins using tRNAs with chemically bound photo-activatable amino acids with suppressor tRNAs translational systems to incorporate the tags into specific sites. A third system was made possible by the development of photoreactive amino acids that use the normal cellular tRNAs and aminoacyl tRNA synthetases. In this method, the third system is used to demonstrate its utility for the study of T3S system interactions. This method describes how two photo-activatable amino acids, photo-methionine and photo-leucine, that use the normal cellular machinery are incorporated into Yersinia pestis and used to study interactions in the T3S system. To demonstrate the system, the method was used to cross-link the T3S regulatory proteins LcrG and LcrV.

  20. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation in Obesity: Local Effect and Systemic Benefit

    PubMed Central

    Huang, Feiruo

    2015-01-01

    Overwhelming consensus emerges among countless evidences that obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation in the adipose tissue (AT), which subsequently develops into a systemic inflammatory state contributing to obesity-associated diseases. N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), known as important modulators participating in inflammatory process, turn out to be an effective mitigating strategy dealing with local and systemic inflammation observed in obesity. Some of the effects of n-3 PUFA are brought about by regulation of gene expression through interacting with nuclear receptors and transcription factors; other effects are elicited by modulation of the amount and type of mediator derived from PUFAs. The metabolic effects of n-3 PUFA mainly result from their interactions with several organ systems, not limited to AT. Notably, the attenuation of inflammation in hard-hit AT, in turn, contributes to reducing circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and detrimental metabolic derivatives, which is beneficial for the function of other involved organs. The present review highlights a bridging mechanism between n-3 PUFA-mediated inflammation relief in AT and systemic benefits. PMID:26339623

  1. N-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Inflammation in Obesity: Local Effect and Systemic Benefit.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yue; Huang, Feiruo

    2015-01-01

    Overwhelming consensus emerges among countless evidences that obesity is characterized by a chronic low-grade inflammation in the adipose tissue (AT), which subsequently develops into a systemic inflammatory state contributing to obesity-associated diseases. N-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), known as important modulators participating in inflammatory process, turn out to be an effective mitigating strategy dealing with local and systemic inflammation observed in obesity. Some of the effects of n-3 PUFA are brought about by regulation of gene expression through interacting with nuclear receptors and transcription factors; other effects are elicited by modulation of the amount and type of mediator derived from PUFAs. The metabolic effects of n-3 PUFA mainly result from their interactions with several organ systems, not limited to AT. Notably, the attenuation of inflammation in hard-hit AT, in turn, contributes to reducing circulating concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines and detrimental metabolic derivatives, which is beneficial for the function of other involved organs. The present review highlights a bridging mechanism between n-3 PUFA-mediated inflammation relief in AT and systemic benefits.

  2. Collision-energy-resolved angular distribution of Penning electrons for N 2-He ∗(2 3S)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hanzawa, Yoshinori; Kishimoto, Naoki; Yamazaki, Masakazu; Ohno, Koichi

    2006-07-01

    The collision-energy-resolved angular distributions of Penning electrons for individual ionic state of N 2-He ∗(2 3S) were measured. The angular distributions showed increasing intensity in the backward (rebounding) directions with respect to initial He ∗(2 3S) beam vector because Penning ionization occurs with a collision against repulsive interaction wall followed by the electron emission from 2s orbital of He ∗. We also analyzed internal angular distribution by means of fitting parameters using classical trajectory calculations for N 2-He ∗(2 3S) on the modified interaction potential. These internal angular distributions suggested the electron emission from 2s orbital of He ∗ and they depended on collision energy and electron kinetic energy.

  3. Bis(O-n-butyl dithio-carbonato-κS,S')bis-(pyridine-κN)manganese(II).

    PubMed

    Alam, Naveed; Ehsan, Muhammad Ali; Zeller, Matthias; Mazhar, Muhammad; Arifin, Zainudin

    2011-08-01

    The structure of the title manganese complex, [Mn(C(5)H(9)OS(2))(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)] or [Mn(S(2)CO-n-Bu)(2)(C(5)H(5)N)(2)], consists of discrete monomeric entities with Mn(2+) ions located on centres of inversion. The metal atom is coordinated by a six-coordinate trans-N(2)S(4) donor set with the pyridyl N atoms located in the apical positions. The observed slight deviations from octa-hedral geometry are caused by the bite angle of the bidentate κ(2)-S(2)CO-n-Bu ligands [69.48 (1)°]. The O(CH(2))(3)(CH(3)) chains of the O-n-butyl dithio-carbonate units are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.589 (2):0.411 (2).

  4. Synthesis of the (N2)3- radical from Y2+ and its protonolysis reactivity to form (N2H2)2- via the Y[N(SiMe3)2]3/KC8 reduction system.

    PubMed

    Fang, Ming; Lee, David S; Ziller, Joseph W; Doedens, Robert J; Bates, Jefferson E; Furche, Filipp; Evans, William J

    2011-03-23

    Examination of the Y[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3)/KC(8) reduction system that allowed isolation of the (N(2))(3-) radical has led to the first evidence of Y(2+) in solution. The deep-blue solutions obtained from Y[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3) and KC(8) in THF at -35 °C under argon have EPR spectra containing a doublet at g(iso) = 1.976 with a 110 G hyperfine coupling constant. The solutions react with N(2) to generate (N(2))(2-) and (N(2))(3-) complexes {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)(THF)Y}(2)(μ-η(2):η(2)-N(2)) (1) and {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)(THF)Y}(2)(μ-η(2):η(2)-N(2))[K(THF)(6)] (2), respectively, and demonstrate that the Y[N(SiMe(3))(2)](3)/KC(8) reaction can proceed through an Y(2+) intermediate. The reactivity of (N(2))(3-) radical with proton sources was probed for the first time for comparison with the (N(2))(2-) and (N(2))(4-) chemistry. Complex 2 reacts with [Et(3)NH][BPh(4)] to form {[(Me(3)Si)(2)N](2)(THF)Y}(2)(μ-N(2)H(2)), the first lanthanide (N(2)H(2))(2-) complex derived from dinitrogen, as well as 1 as a byproduct, consistent with radical disproportionation reactivity.

  5. Design and Development of nEMoS, an All-in-One, Low-Cost, Web-Connected and 3D-Printed Device for Environmental Analysis

    PubMed Central

    Salamone, Francesco; Belussi, Lorenzo; Danza, Ludovico; Ghellere, Matteo; Meroni, Italo

    2015-01-01

    The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of the environment in relation to the health and well-being of the occupants. It is a holistic concept, which considers several categories, each related to a specific environmental parameter. This article describes a low-cost and open-source hardware architecture able to detect the indoor variables necessary for the IEQ calculation as an alternative to the traditional hardware used for this purpose. The system consists of some sensors and an Arduino board. One of the key strengths of Arduino is the possibility it affords of loading the script into the board’s memory and letting it run without interfacing with computers, thus granting complete independence, portability and accuracy. Recent works have demonstrated that the cost of scientific equipment can be reduced by applying open-source principles to their design using a combination of the Arduino platform and a 3D printer. The evolution of the 3D printer has provided a new means of open design capable of accelerating self-directed development. The proposed nano Environmental Monitoring System (nEMoS) instrument is shown to have good reliability and it provides the foundation for a more critical approach to the use of professional sensors as well as for conceiving new scenarios and potential applications. PMID:26053749

  6. Role of CYP2B6 and CYP3A4 in the in vitro N-dechloroethylation of (R)- and (S)-ifosfamide in human liver microsomes.

    PubMed

    Granvil, C P; Madan, A; Sharkawi, M; Parkinson, A; Wainer, I W

    1999-04-01

    The central nervous system toxicity of ifosfamide (IFF), a chiral antineoplastic agent, is thought to be dependent on its N-dechloroethylation by hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes. The purpose of this study was to identify the human CYPs responsible for IFF-N-dechloroethylation and their corresponding regio- and enantioselectivities. IFF exists in two enantiomeric forms, (R) - and (S)-IFF, which can be dechloroethylated at either the N2 or N3 positions, producing the corresponding (R,S)-2-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R, S)-2-DCE-IFF] and (R,S)-3-dechloroethyl-IFF [(R,S)-3-DCE-IFF]. The results of the present study suggest that the production of (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF is catalyzed by different CYPs as is the production of (S)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF. In vitro studies with a bank of human liver microsomes revealed that the sample-to-sample variation in the production of (S)-3-DCE-IFF from (R)-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF from (S)-IFF was highly correlated with the levels of (S)-mephenytoin N-demethylation (CYP2B6), whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF production from (R)-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF production from (S)-IFF were both correlated with the activity of testosterone 6beta-hydroxylation (CYP3A4/5). Experiments with cDNA-expressed P-450 and antibody and chemical inhibition studies supported the conclusion that the formation of (S)-3-DCE-IFF and (S)-2-DCE-IFF is catalyzed primarily by CYP2B6, whereas (R)-2-DCE-IFF and (R)-3-DCE-IFF are primarily the result of CYP3A4/5 activity.

  7. Supergravity backgrounds for deformations of AdS n × S n supercoset string models

    DOE PAGES

    Lunin, O.; Roiban, R.; Tseytlin, A. A.

    2014-12-11

    We considermore » type IIB supergravity backgrounds corresponding to the deformed AdS n × S n × T 10 - 2 n supercoset string models of the type constructed in arXiv:1309.5850[2] which depend on one deformation parameter κ. In AdS 2 × S 2 case we find that the deformed metric can be extended to a full supergravity solution with non-trivial dilaton, RR scalar and RR 5-form strength. The solution depends on a free parameter a that should be chosen as a particular function of κ to correspond to the deformed supercoset model. In AdS 3 × S 3 case the full solution supported by the dilaton, RR scalar and RR 3-form strength exists only in the two special cases, a = 0 and a = 1 . We conjecture that there may be a more general one-parameter solution supported by several RR fields that for particular a = a ( κ ) corresponds to the supercoset model. In the most complicated deformed AdS 5 × S 5 case we were able to find only the expressions for the dilaton and the RR scalar. The full solution is likely to be supported by a combination of the 5-form and 3-form field strengths. We comment on the singularity structure of the resulting metric and exact dilaton field.« less

  8. Supergravity backgrounds for deformations of AdS n × S n supercoset string models

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lunin, O.; Roiban, R.; Tseytlin, A. A.

    We considermore » type IIB supergravity backgrounds corresponding to the deformed AdS n × S n × T 10 - 2 n supercoset string models of the type constructed in arXiv:1309.5850[2] which depend on one deformation parameter κ. In AdS 2 × S 2 case we find that the deformed metric can be extended to a full supergravity solution with non-trivial dilaton, RR scalar and RR 5-form strength. The solution depends on a free parameter a that should be chosen as a particular function of κ to correspond to the deformed supercoset model. In AdS 3 × S 3 case the full solution supported by the dilaton, RR scalar and RR 3-form strength exists only in the two special cases, a = 0 and a = 1 . We conjecture that there may be a more general one-parameter solution supported by several RR fields that for particular a = a ( κ ) corresponds to the supercoset model. In the most complicated deformed AdS 5 × S 5 case we were able to find only the expressions for the dilaton and the RR scalar. The full solution is likely to be supported by a combination of the 5-form and 3-form field strengths. We comment on the singularity structure of the resulting metric and exact dilaton field.« less

  9. Absolute emission cross sections for electron capture reactions of C2+, N3+, N4+ and O3+ ions in collisions with Li(2s) atoms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rieger, G.; Pinnington, E. H.; Ciubotariu, C.

    2000-12-01

    Absolute photon emission cross sections following electron capture reactions have been measured for C2+, N3+, N4+ and O3+ ions colliding with Li(2s) atoms at keV energies. The results are compared with calculations using the extended classical over-the-barrier model by Niehaus. We explore the limits of our experimental method and present a detailed discussion of experimental errors.

  10. Fast ion transport during applied 3D magnetic perturbations on DIII-D

    DOE PAGES

    Van Zeeland, Michael A.; Ferraro, Nathaniel M.; Grierson, Brian A.; ...

    2015-06-26

    In this paper, measurements show fast ion losses correlated with applied three-dimensional (3D) fields in a variety of plasmas ranging from L-mode to resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) edge localized mode (ELM) suppressed H-mode discharges. In DIII-D L-mode discharges with a slowly rotatingmore » $n=2$ magnetic perturbation, scintillator detector loss signals synchronized with the applied fields are observed to decay within one poloidal transit time after beam turn-off indicating they arise predominantly from prompt loss orbits. Full orbit following using M3D-C1 calculations of the perturbed fields and kinetic profiles reproduce many features of the measured losses and points to the importance of the applied 3D field phase with respect to the beam injection location in determining the overall impact on prompt beam ion loss. Modeling of these results includes a self-consistent calculation of the 3D perturbed beam ion birth profiles and scrape-off-layer ionization, a factor found to be essential to reproducing the experimental measurements. Extension of the simulations to full slowing down timescales, including fueling and the effects of drag and pitch angle scattering, show the applied $n=3$ RMPs in ELM suppressed H-mode plasmas can induce a significant loss of energetic particles from the core. With the applied $n=3$ fields, up to 8.4% of the injected beam power is predicted to be lost, compared to 2.7% with axisymmetric fields only. These fast ions, originating from minor radii $$\\rho >0.7$$ , are predicted to be primarily passing particles lost to the divertor region, consistent with wide field-of-view infrared periscope measurements of wall heating in $n=3$ RMP ELM suppressed plasmas. Edge fast ion $${{\\text{D}}_{\\alpha}}$$ (FIDA) measurements also confirm a large change in edge fast ion profile due to the $n=3$ fields, where the effect was isolated by using short 50 ms RMP-off periods during which ELM suppression was maintained yet the fast ion profile

  11. Highly efficient hydrogen evolution based on Ni3S4@MoS2 hybrids supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Xiaobing; Zhong, Wei; Wu, Liqian; Sun, Yuan; Wang, Tingting; Wang, Yuanqi; Du, Youwei

    2018-01-01

    Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) through water splitting at low overpotential is an appealing technology to produce renewable energy, wherein the design of stable electrocatalysts is very critical. To achieve optimal electrochemical performance, a highly efficient and stable noble-metal-free HER catalyst is synthesized by means of a facile hydrothermal co-synthesis. It consists of Ni3S4 nanosheets and MoS2 nanolayers supported on N-doped reduced graphene oxide (Ni3S4/MoS2@N-rGO). The optimized sample provides a large amount of active sites that benefit electron transfer in 3D conductive networks. Thanks to the strong synergistic effect in the catalyst network, we achieved a low overpotential of 94 mV, a small Tafel slope of 56 mV/dec and remarkable durability in an acidic medium.

  12. Encapsulation of Fe3O4 Nanoparticles into N, S co-Doped Graphene Sheets with Greatly Enhanced Electrochemical Performance

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Zunxian; Qian, Kun; Lv, Jun; Yan, Wenhuan; Liu, Jiahui; Ai, Jingwei; Zhang, Yuxiang; Guo, Tailiang; Zhou, Xiongtu; Xu, Sheng; Guo, Zaiping

    2016-01-01

    Particular N, S co-doped graphene/Fe3O4 hybrids have been successfully synthesized by the combination of a simple hydrothermal process and a subsequent carbonization heat treatment. The nanostructures exhibit a unique composite architecture, with uniformly dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles and N, S co-doped graphene encapsulant. The particular porous characteristics with many meso/micro holes/pores, the highly conductive N, S co-doped graphene, as well as the encapsulating N, S co-doped graphene with the high-level nitrogen and sulfur doping, lead to excellent electrochemical performance of the electrode. The N-S-G/Fe3O4 composite electrode exhibits a high initial reversible capacity of 1362.2 mAhg−1, a high reversible specific capacity of 1055.20 mAhg−1 after 100 cycles, and excellent cycling stability and rate capability, with specific capacity of 556.69 mAhg−1 when cycled at the current density of 1000 mAg−1, indicating that the N-S-G/Fe3O4 composite is a promising anode candidate for Li-ion batteries. PMID:27296103

  13. The conductivity measurements applied for the evaluation of controlled release of chlorhexidine from thermosensitive N-isopropylacrylamide derivative microgels.

    PubMed

    Musiał, Witold; Kokol, Vanja; Voncina, Bojana

    2009-01-01

    The aim of the work was the evaluation of the conductivity changes in aqueous environment, consisting of chlorhexidine, and N-isopropylacrylamide derivative microgel, during increasing the temperature between 25 degrees C and 42 degrees C, as a prerequisite to develop the this microgel for controlled release of chlorhexidine, when alterations in temperature are involved. Conductivity of studied systems underwent specific alterations, when temperature increased. For the system with polymer PNM I the values of conductivity were in the range 104,47 microS/cm - 134,70 microS/ cm, for temperature range 25 degrees C and 42 degrees C. In the case of PNM II - CX system, respective values reached 91,75 microS/cm - 135,95 microS/cm. The lowest conductivity values were observed when PNM III - CX mixture was studied: 96,90 microS/cm and 117,37 microS/cm. When a complex of derivatives of N-isopropylacrylamide with chlorhexidine undergoes thermal alteration, there is a potential to obtain controlled release of chlorhexidine from the polymeric bead in the range between 25 degrees C and 42 degrees C. The affinity of chlorhexidine to the polymer may be assessed in this systems applying the conductivity measurements. The solubility of chlorhexidine in the polymeric systems should be in future evaluated, to determine role of this factor in the conductivity alterations.

  14. Sb2S3/Spiro-OMeTAD Inorganic-Organic Hybrid p-n Junction Diode for High Performance Self-Powered Photodetector.

    PubMed

    Bera, Ashok; Das Mahapatra, Ayon; Mondal, Sulakshana; Basak, Durga

    2016-12-21

    Organic-inorganic hybrid diodes are very promising for solution processing, low cost, high performance optoelectronic devices. Here, we report a high quality p-n heterojunction diode composed of n-type inorganic Sb 2 S 3 and p-type organic 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9'-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) with a rectification ratio of ∼10 2 at an applied bias of 1 V. On illumination with visible light (470 nm, 1.82 mW/cm 2 ), the current value in our device becomes 8 × 10 2 times that of its dark value even at a zero bias condition. The estimated responsivity value at zero bias is 0.087 A/W which is so far the highest reported for any organic-inorganic hybrid photodiode, to the best of our knowledge. It also exhibits a fast photoresponse time of <25 ms (instrumental limit). More importantly, our device can also detect visible light with power density as low as 8 μW/cm 2 with a photocurrent density of 1.2 μA/cm 2 and a photocurrent to dark current ratio of more than 8. We also demonstrate that the values of responsivity, short circuit current, and open circuit voltage of the photodetector can be improved significantly using a thin layer of TiO 2 hole-blocking layer. These findings suggest Sb 2 S 3 /spiro-OMeTAD heterojuncton as a promising candidate for efficient self-powered low visible light photodetector.

  15. Study of the structure of 3D-ordered macroporous GaN-ZnS:Mn nanocomposite films

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kurdyukov, D. A., E-mail: kurd@gvg.ioffe.ru; Shishkin, I. I.; Grudinkin, S. A.

    A film-type 3D-ordered macroporous GaN-ZnS:Mn nanocomposite with the structure of an inverted opal is fabricated. Structural studies of the nanocomposite are performed, and it is shown that GaN and ZnS:Mn introduced into the pores of the silica opal are nanocrystallites misoriented with respect to each other. It is shown that the nanocomposite is a structurally perfect 3D photonic crystal. The efficiency of using a buffer of GaN crystallites to preclude interaction between the surface of the spherical a-SiO{sub 2} particles forming the opal matrix and chemically active substances introduced into the pores is demonstrated.

  16. Evaluation of electron population terms for 3Se>4p, 3S>3p, and 3O>(2p): how do HOMO and LUMO shrink or expand depending on nuclear charges?

    PubMed

    Nakanishi, Waro; Hayashi, Satoko; Narahara, Kenji; Yamaki, Daisuke; Hada, Masahiko

    2008-01-01

    Electron population terms 3)N> are evaluated for N=Se, S, and O. Calculations are performed on HOMO and LUMO constructed by pure atomic 4p(Se), 3p(S), and 2p(O) orbitals, employing the 6-311+G(3d) and/or 6-311(++)G(3df,3pd) basis sets at the HF, MP2, and DFT (B3 LYP) levels. Se(4+), Se(2+), Se(0), and Se(2-) with the O(h) symmetry are called G(A: Se) and HSe(+), H(2)Se, and HSe(-) with the C(infinityh) or C(2v) symmetry are named G(B: Se), here [G(A+B: Se) in all]. HOMO and LUMO in G(A+B: N) (N=Se, S, and O) satisfy the conditions of the calculations for 3)N>. The 3)Se>(4p), 3)S>(3p), and 3)O>(2p) values correlate well with the corresponding MO energies (epsilon(N)) for all calculation levels employed. Plots of 3)N>(HOMO) and 3)N>(LUMO) versus Q(N) (N=Se, S, and O) at the HF and MP2 levels are analyzed as two correlations. However, the plots at the DFT level can be analyzed as single correlation. A regression curve is assumed for the analysis. Behaviors of 3)N> clarify how valence orbitals shrink or expand depending on Q(N). The applicability of 3)N> is examined to establish a new method that enables us to analyze chemical shifts with the charge effect separately from others. A utility program derived from the Gaussian 03 (NMRANAL-NH03G) is applied to evaluate 3)N> and examine the applicability to the NMR analysis.

  17. Applied Information Systems Research Program (AISRP) Workshop 3 meeting proceedings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1993-01-01

    The third Workshop of the Applied Laboratory Systems Research Program (AISRP) met at the Univeristy of Colorado's Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics in August of 1993. The presentations were organized into four sessions: Artificial Intelligence Techniques; Scientific Visualization; Data Management and Archiving; and Research and Technology.

  18. Alkylation of a bioinspired high spin Ni(II)N{sub 3}S{sub 2} complex with bifunctional reagents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chohan, B. S., E-mail: bsc12@psu.edu

    2013-12-15

    Crystal structures of two S-alkylated complexes generated from the reaction of iodoacetamide and iodoethanol with an air and moisture sensitive high spin Ni(II) pentacoordinate triaminodithiolate complex, 1 are determined by X-ray structure analysis. Crystals of complex 2, [NiC{sub 16}H{sub 31}N{sub 5}O{sub 2}S{sub 2}]I{sub 2}, are triclinic, sp. gr. P-bar1 , Z = 2. Crystals of complex 3, [NiC{sub 16}H{sub 28}N{sub 3}O{sub 2}S{sub 2}]I{sub 2}, are monoclinic, sp. gr. P2{sub 1}/c, Z = 4. Structures of complexes 2 and 3 are very similar: one of the S-acetamide (2) or S-ethanol (3) groups coordinates to the Ni center through the oxygen atom formingmore » N{sub 3}S{sub 2}O hexacoordination; the other group remains unbound to the Ni and left dangling. Crystal packing shows that complexes 2 and 3 interact with the iodide counterions, and that only complex 2 interact with neighboring molecules; some of these close intermolecular contacts include H-bonding interactions.« less

  19. Solar promoted azo dye degradation and energy production in the bio-photoelectrochemical system with a g-C3N4/BiOBr heterojunction photocathode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hou, Yanping; Gan, Yuanyuan; Yu, Zebin; Chen, Xixi; Qian, Lun; Zhang, Boge; Huang, Lirong; Huang, Jun

    2017-12-01

    In this study, a single-chamber bio-photoelectrochemical system (BPES), integrating advantages of bioelectrochemical system and photocatalysis process, is developed using a g-C3N4/BiOBr heterojunction photocathode for methyl orange (MO) degradation and simultaneous energy recovery. Photocatalytic activities of g-C3N4/BiOBr, g-C3N4 and BiOBr are characterized by UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-vis DRS) and Photoluminescence (PL) spectra; and electrochemical activities of photocathodes are examined by linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results show that with an applied voltage of 0.8 V and under simulated solar irradiation, MO decolorization with g-C3N4/BiOBr photocathode reaches 97.8% within 4 h, higher than those with g-C3N4 (85.3%) and BiOBr (87.3%) photocathodes. Likewise, higher hydrogen production rate (143.8 L m-3d-1) is observed using g-C3N4/BiOBr photocathode; while values for g-C3N4 and BiOBr photocathodes are 124.3 L m-3d-1 and 117.1 L m-3d-1, respectively. PL and EIS reveal that superior performance of g-C3N4/BiOBr photocathode can be attributed to more efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, lower resistance and better charge transfer. Synergistic effect occurs among biological, electrochemical and photocatalytic processes in illuminated BPES for MO removal. Photocathode optimization and system stability evaluation are conducted. This study demonstrates that the BPES holds great potential for efficient refractory organics degradation and energy production.

  20. Υ production in U + U collisions at √{sN N}=193 GeV measured with the STAR experiment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adamczyk, L.; Adkins, J. K.; Agakishiev, G.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.; Alekseev, I.; Anderson, D. M.; Aoyama, R.; Aparin, A.; Arkhipkin, D.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Ashraf, M. U.; Attri, A.; Averichev, G. S.; Bai, X.; Bairathi, V.; Bellwied, R.; Bhasin, A.; Bhati, A. K.; Bhattarai, P.; Bielcik, J.; Bielcikova, J.; Bland, L. C.; Bordyuzhin, I. G.; Bouchet, J.; Brandenburg, J. D.; Brandin, A. V.; Bunzarov, I.; Butterworth, J.; Caines, H.; Calderón de la Barca Sánchez, M.; Campbell, J. M.; Cebra, D.; Chakaberia, I.; Chaloupka, P.; Chang, Z.; Chatterjee, A.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chen, J. H.; Chen, X.; Cheng, J.; Cherney, M.; Christie, W.; Contin, G.; Crawford, H. J.; Das, S.; De Silva, L. C.; Debbe, R. R.; Dedovich, T. G.; Deng, J.; Derevschikov, A. A.; Didenko, L.; Dilks, C.; Dong, X.; Drachenberg, J. L.; Draper, J. E.; Du, C. M.; Dunkelberger, L. E.; Dunlop, J. C.; Efimov, L. G.; Engelage, J.; Eppley, G.; Esha, R.; Esumi, S.; Evdokimov, O.; Eyser, O.; Fatemi, R.; Fazio, S.; Federic, P.; Fedorisin, J.; Feng, Z.; Filip, P.; Finch, E.; Fisyak, Y.; Flores, C. E.; Fulek, L.; Gagliardi, C. A.; Garand, D.; Geurts, F.; Gibson, A.; Girard, M.; Greiner, L.; Grosnick, D.; Gunarathne, D. S.; Guo, Y.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, S.; Guryn, W.; Hamad, A. I.; Hamed, A.; Haque, R.; Harris, J. W.; He, L.; Heppelmann, S.; Heppelmann, S.; Hirsch, A.; Hoffmann, G. W.; Horvat, S.; Huang, H. Z.; Huang, B.; Huang, T.; Huang, X.; Huck, P.; Humanic, T. J.; Igo, G.; Jacobs, W. W.; Jentsch, A.; Jia, J.; Jiang, K.; Jowzaee, S.; Judd, E. G.; Kabana, S.; Kalinkin, D.; Kang, K.; Kauder, K.; Ke, H. W.; Keane, D.; Kechechyan, A.; Khan, Z.; Kikoła, D. P.; Kisel, I.; Kisiel, A.; Kochenda, L.; Koetke, D. D.; Kosarzewski, L. K.; Kraishan, A. F.; Kravtsov, P.; Krueger, K.; Kumar, L.; Lamont, M. A. C.; Landgraf, J. M.; Landry, K. D.; Lauret, J.; Lebedev, A.; Lednicky, R.; Lee, J. H.; Li, Y.; Li, C.; Li, X.; Li, W.; Li, X.; Lin, T.; Lisa, M. A.; Liu, F.; Liu, Y.; Ljubicic, T.; Llope, W. J.; Lomnitz, M.; Longacre, R. S.; Luo, X.; Luo, S.; Ma, G. L.; Ma, R.; Ma, L.; Ma, Y. G.; Magdy, N.; Majka, R.; Manion, A.; Margetis, S.; Markert, C.; Matis, H. S.; McDonald, D.; McKinzie, S.; Meehan, K.; Mei, J. C.; Miller, Z. W.; Minaev, N. G.; Mioduszewski, S.; Mishra, D.; Mohanty, B.; Mondal, M. M.; Morozov, D. A.; Mustafa, M. K.; Nandi, B. K.; Nasim, Md.; Nayak, T. K.; Nigmatkulov, G.; Niida, T.; Nogach, L. V.; Nonaka, T.; Novak, J.; Nurushev, S. B.; Odyniec, G.; Ogawa, A.; Oh, K.; Okorokov, V. A.; Olvitt, D.; Page, B. S.; Pak, R.; Pan, Y. X.; Pandit, Y.; Panebratsev, Y.; Pawlik, B.; Pei, H.; Perkins, C.; Pile, P.; Pluta, J.; Poniatowska, K.; Porter, J.; Posik, M.; Poskanzer, A. M.; Pruthi, N. K.; Przybycien, M.; Putschke, J.; Qiu, H.; Quintero, A.; Ramachandran, S.; Ray, R. L.; Reed, R.; Rehbein, M. J.; Ritter, H. G.; Roberts, J. B.; Rogachevskiy, O. V.; Romero, J. L.; Roth, J. D.; Ruan, L.; Rusnak, J.; Rusnakova, O.; Sahoo, N. R.; Sahu, P. K.; Sakrejda, I.; Salur, S.; Sandweiss, J.; Sarkar, A.; Schambach, J.; Scharenberg, R. P.; Schmah, A. M.; Schmidke, W. B.; Schmitz, N.; Seger, J.; Seyboth, P.; Shah, N.; Shahaliev, E.; Shanmuganathan, P. V.; Shao, M.; Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, B.; Shen, W. Q.; Shi, Z.; Shi, S. S.; Shou, Q. Y.; Sichtermann, E. P.; Sikora, R.; Simko, M.; Singha, S.; Skoby, M. J.; Smirnov, D.; Smirnov, N.; Solyst, W.; Song, L.; Sorensen, P.; Spinka, H. M.; Srivastava, B.; Stanislaus, T. D. S.; Stepanov, M.; Stock, R.; Strikhanov, M.; Stringfellow, B.; Sugiura, T.; Sumbera, M.; Summa, B.; Sun, Y.; Sun, Z.; Sun, X. M.; Surrow, B.; Svirida, D. N.; Tang, Z.; Tang, A. H.; Tarnowsky, T.; Tawfik, A.; Thäder, J.; Thomas, J. H.; Timmins, A. R.; Tlusty, D.; Todoroki, T.; Tokarev, M.; Trentalange, S.; Tribble, R. E.; Tribedy, P.; Tripathy, S. K.; Tsai, O. D.; Ullrich, T.; Underwood, D. G.; Upsal, I.; Van Buren, G.; van Nieuwenhuizen, G.; Varma, R.; Vasiliev, A. N.; Vertesi, R.; Videbæk, F.; Vokal, S.; Voloshin, S. A.; Vossen, A.; Wang, G.; Wang, J. S.; Wang, F.; Wang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Webb, J. C.; Webb, G.; Wen, L.; Westfall, G. D.; Wieman, H.; Wissink, S. W.; Witt, R.; Wu, Y.; Xiao, Z. G.; Xie, G.; Xie, W.; Xin, K.; Xu, Z.; Xu, H.; Xu, N.; Xu, J.; Xu, Y. F.; Xu, Q. H.; Yang, Y.; Yang, Y.; Yang, S.; Yang, Q.; Yang, Y.; Yang, C.; Ye, Z.; Ye, Z.; Yi, L.; Yip, K.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yu, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zha, W.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, Z.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, X. P.; Zhang, J. B.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Zhao, J.; Zhong, C.; Zhou, L.; Zhu, X.; Zoulkarneeva, Y.; Zyzak, M.; STAR Collaboration

    2016-12-01

    We present a measurement of the inclusive production of Υ mesons in U+U collisions at √{sN N}=193 GeV at midrapidity (|y |<1 ). Previous studies in central Au+Au collisions at √{sN N}=200 GeV show a suppression of Υ (1S+2S+3S) production relative to expectations from the Υ yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (Ncoll), with an indication that the Υ (1S) state is also suppressed. The present measurement extends the number of participant nucleons in the collision (Npart) by 20% compared to Au+Au collisions, and allows us to study a system with higher energy density. We observe a suppression in both the Υ (1 S +2 S +3 S ) and Υ (1 S ) yields in central U+U data, which consolidates and extends the previously observed suppression trend in Au+Au collisions.

  1. Crystal structure of bis-(3-bromo-pyridine-κN)bis-(O-ethyl di-thio-carbonato-κ(2) S,S')nickel(II).

    PubMed

    Kant, Rajni; Kour, Gurvinder; Anthal, Sumati; Neerupama; Sachar, Renu

    2015-01-01

    In the title mol-ecular complex, [Ni(C3H5OS2)2(C5H4BrN)2], the Ni(2+) cation is located on a centre of inversion and has a distorted octa-hedral N2S4 environment defined by two chelating xanthate ligands and two monodentate pyridine ligands. The C-S bond lengths of the thio-carboxyl-ate group are indicative of a delocalized bond and the O-Csp (2) bond is considerably shorter than the O-Csp (3) bond, consistent with a significant contribution of one resonance form of the xanthate anion that features a formal C=O+ unit and a negative charge on each of the S atoms. The packing of the mol-ecules is stabilized by C-H⋯S and C-H⋯π inter-actions. In addition, π-π inter-actions between the pyridine rings [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.797 (3) Å] are also present. In the crystal structure, mol-ecules are arranged in rows along [100], forming layers parallel to (010) and (001).

  2. Dopaminergic neurotoxicity of S-ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), molinate, and S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamate (MeDETC) in Caenorhabditis elegans

    PubMed Central

    Caito, Samuel W.; Valentine, William M.; Aschner, Michael

    2013-01-01

    Epidemiological studies corroborate a correlation between pesticide use and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thiocarbamate and dithiocarbamate pesticides are widely used and produce neurotoxicity in the peripheral nervous system. Recent evidence from rodent studies suggests that these compounds also cause dopaminergic (DAergic) dysfunction and altered protein processing, two hallmarks of PD. However, DAergic neurotoxicity has yet to be documented. We assessed DAergic dysfunction in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) to investigate the ability of thiocarbamate pesticides to induce DAergic neurodegeneration. Acute treatment with either S-ethyl N,N-dipropylthiocarbamate (EPTC), molinate, or a common reactive intermediate of dithiocarbamate and thiocarbamate metabolism, S-methyl-N,N-diethylthiocarbamate (MeDETC), to gradual loss of DAergic cell morphology and structure over the course of 6 days in worms expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) under a DAergic cell specific promoter. HPLC analysis revealed decreased DA content in the worms immediately following exposure to MeDETC, EPTC, and molinate. Additionally, worms treated with the three test compounds showed a drastic loss of DAergic-dependent behavior over a time course similar to changes in DAergic cell morphology. Alterations in the DAergic system were specific, as loss of cell structure and neurotransmitter content was not observed in cholinergic, glutamatergic, or GABAergic systems. Overall, our data suggest that thiocarbamate pesticides promote neurodegeneration and DAergic cell dysfunction in C. elegans, and may be an environmental risk factor for PD. PMID:23786526

  3. Low-temperature solid-state preparation of ternary CdS/g-C3N4/CuS nanocomposites for enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cheng, Feiyue; Yin, Hui; Xiang, Quanjun

    2017-01-01

    Low-temperature solid-state method were gradually demonstrated as a high efficiency, energy saving and environmental protection strategy to fabricate composite semiconductor materials. CdS-based multiple composite photocatalytic materials have attracted increasing concern owning to the heterostructure constituents with tunable band gaps. In this study, the ternary CdS/g-C3N4/CuS composite photocatalysts were prepared by a facile and novel low-temperature solid-state strategy. The optimal ternary CdS/g-C3N4/CuS composite exhibits a high visible-light photocatalytic H2-production rate of 57.56 μmol h-1 with the corresponding apparent quantum efficiency reaches 16.5% at 420 nm with Na2S/Na2SO3 mixed aqueous solution as sacrificial agent. The ternary CdS/g-C3N4/CuS composites show the enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-evolution activity comparing with the binary CdS-based composites or simplex CdS. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the heterojunctions and the synergistic effect of CuS and g-C3N4 in promotion of the charge separation and charge mobility. This work shows that the low-temperature solid-state method is efficient and environmentally benign for the preparation of CdS-based multiple composite photocatalytic materials with enhanced visible-light photocatalytic H2-production activity.

  4. Enhanced Photocarrier Separation in Hierarchical Graphitic-C3N4-Supported CuInS2 for Noble-Metal-Free Z-Scheme Photocatalytic Water Splitting.

    PubMed

    Li, Xiaoxue; Xie, Keyu; Song, Long; Zhao, Mengjia; Zhang, Zhipan

    2017-07-26

    The effective separation of photogenerated electrons and holes in photocatalysts is a prerequisite for efficient photocatalytic water splitting. CuInS 2 (CIS) is a widely used light absorber that works properly in photovoltaics but only shows limited performance in solar-driven hydrogen evolution due to its intrinsically severe charge recombination. Here, we prepare hierarchical graphitic C 3 N 4 -supported CuInS 2 (denoted as GsC) by an in situ growth of CIS directly on exfoliated thin graphitic C 3 N 4 nanosheets (g-C 3 N 4 NS) and demonstrate efficient separation of photoinduced charge carriers in the GsC by forming the Z-scheme system for the first time in CIS-catalyzed water splitting. Under visible light illumination, the GsC features an enhanced hydrogen evolution rate up to 1290 μmol g -1 h -1 , which is 3.3 and 6.1 times higher than that of g-C 3 N 4 NS and bare-CIS, respectively, thus setting a new performance benchmark for CIS-based water-splitting photocatalysts.

  5. S3: School Zone Safety System Based on Wireless Sensor Network

    PubMed Central

    Yoo, Seong-eun; Chong, Poh Kit; Kim, Daeyoung

    2009-01-01

    School zones are areas near schools that have lower speed limits and where illegally parked vehicles pose a threat to school children by obstructing them from the view of drivers. However, these laws are regularly flouted. Thus, we propose a novel wireless sensor network application called School zone Safety System (S3) to help regulate the speed limit and to prevent illegal parking in school zones. S3 detects illegally parked vehicles, and warns the driver and records the license plate number. To reduce the traveling speed of vehicles in a school zone, S3 measures the speed of vehicles and displays the speed to the driver via an LED display, and also captures the image of the speeding vehicle with a speed camera. We developed a state machine based vehicle detection algorithm for S3. From extensive experiments in our testbeds and data from a real school zone, it is shown that the system can detect all kinds of vehicles, and has an accuracy of over 95% for speed measurement. We modeled the battery life time of a sensor node and validated the model with a downscaled measurement; we estimate the battery life time to be over 2 years. We have deployed S3 in 15 school zones in 2007, and we have demonstrated the robustness of S3 by operating them for over 1 year. PMID:22454567

  6. The La{sub 2}S{sub 3}-LaS{sub 2} system: Thermodynamic and kinetic study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vasilyeva, I.G., E-mail: kamarz@niic.nsc.r; Nikolaev, R.E.

    2010-08-15

    A detailed thermodynamic study of the LaS{sub 2}-La{sub 2}S{sub 3} system in the temperature range 350-1000 {sup o}C was performed, starting from high quality crystals LaS{sub 2} as the highest polysulfide in the system, and using a sensitive static tensimetric method with a quartz Bourdon gauge and a membrane as a null-point instrument. The p{sub S}-T-x diagram obtained has shown that the phase region covering the composition between LaS{sub 2} and La{sub 2}S{sub 3}, which was previously described as a single grossly nonstoichiometric phase, consists of three discrete stoichiometric phases, LaS{sub 2.00}, LaS{sub 1.91}, and LaS{sub 1.76}, where compositions couldmore » be determined with an accuracy of {+-}0.01 f.u. The thermodynamic characteristics of evaporation of the polysulfides as well as standard heat of LaS{sub 2} formation were calculated. The role of kinetics in the formation of ordered superstructures of sulfur-poorer polysulfides with different formal concentration of vacancies is considered. - Graphical abstract: The p{sub S}-T stability fields for La-polysulfides in the concentration range between LaS{sub 2} and La{sub 2}S{sub 3}.« less

  7. Modulation of heart rate and heart rate variability by n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids: Speculation on mechanism(s).

    PubMed

    Drewery, Merritt L; Spedale, Steven B; Lammi-Keefe, Carol J

    2017-09-01

    Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are valuable markers of health. Although the underlying mechanism(s) are controversial, it is well documented that n-3 long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) intake improves HR and HRV in various populations. Autonomic modulation and/or alterations in cardiac electrophysiology are commonly cited as potential mechanisms responsible for these effects. This article reviews existing evidence for each and explores a separate mechanism which has not received much attention but has scientific merit. Based on presented evidence, it is proposed that n-3 LCPUFAs affect HR and HRV directly by autonomic modulation and indirectly by altering circulating factors, both dependently and independently of the autonomic nervous system. The evidence for changes in cardiac electrophysiology as the mechanism by which n-3 LCPUFAs affect HR and HRV needs strengthening. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  8. Benford’s Law Applies to Online Social Networks

    PubMed Central

    Golbeck, Jennifer

    2015-01-01

    Benford’s Law states that, in naturally occurring systems, the frequency of numbers’ first digits is not evenly distributed. Numbers beginning with a 1 occur roughly 30% of the time, and are six times more common than numbers beginning with a 9. We show that Benford’s Law applies to social and behavioral features of users in online social networks. Using social data from five major social networks (Facebook, Twitter, Google Plus, Pinterest, and LiveJournal), we show that the distribution of first significant digits of friend and follower counts for users in these systems follow Benford’s Law. The same is true for the number of posts users make. We extend this to egocentric networks, showing that friend counts among the people in an individual’s social network also follows the expected distribution. We discuss how this can be used to detect suspicious or fraudulent activity online and to validate datasets. PMID:26308716

  9. Docosahexaneoic acid (22:6,n-3) regulates rat hepatocyte SREBP-1 nuclear abundance by Erk- and 26S proteasome-dependent pathways

    PubMed Central

    Botolin, Daniela; Wang, Yun; Christian, Barbara; Jump, Donald B.

    2009-01-01

    Insulin induces and dietary n-3 PUFAs suppress hepatic de novo lipogenesis by controlling sterol-regulatory element binding protein-1 nuclear abundance (nSREBP-1). Our goal was to define the mechanisms involved in this regulatory process. Insulin treatment of rat primary hepatocytes rapidly augments nSREBP-1 and mRNASREBP-1c while suppressing mRNAInsig-2 but not mRNAInsig-1. These events are preceded by rapid but transient increases in Akt and Erk phosphorylation. Removal of insulin from hepatocytes leads to a rapid decline in nSREBP-1 [half-time (T1/2) ~ 10 h] that is abrogated by inhibitors of 26S proteasomal degradation. 22:6,n-3, the major n-3 PUFA accumulating in livers of fish oil-fed rats, suppresses hepatocyte levels of nSREBP-1, mRNASREBP-1c, and mRNAInsig-2 but modestly and transiently induces mRNAInsig-1. More importantly, 22:6,n-3 accelerates the disappearance of hepatocyte nSREBP-1 (T1/2 ~ 4 h) through a 26S proteasome-dependent process. 22:6,n-3 has minimal effects on microsomal SREBP-1 and sterol-regulatory element binding protein cleavage-activating protein or nuclear SREBP-2. 22:6,n-3 transiently inhibits insulin-induced Akt phosphorylation but induces Erk phosphorylation. Inhibitors of Erk phosphorylation, but not overexpressed constitutively active Akt, rapidly attenuate 22:6,n-3 suppression of nSREBP-1. Thus, 22:6,n-3 suppresses hepatocyte nSREBP-1 through 26S proteasome- and Erk-dependent pathways. These studies reveal a novel mechanism for n-3 PUFA regulation of hepatocyte nSREBP-1 and lipid metabolism.—Botolin, D., Y. Wang, B. Christian, and D. B. Jump. Docosahexaneoic acid (22:6,n-3) regulates rat hepatocyte SREBP-1 nuclear abundance by Erk- and 26S proteasome-dependent pathways. PMID:16222032

  10. Faster Electron Injection and More Active Sites for Efficient Photocatalytic H2 Evolution in g-C3 N4 /MoS2 Hybrid.

    PubMed

    Shi, Xiaowei; Fujitsuka, Mamoru; Kim, Sooyeon; Majima, Tetsuro

    2018-03-01

    Herein, the structural effect of MoS 2 as a cocatalyst of photocatalytic H 2 generation activity of g-C 3 N 4 under visible light irradiation is studied. By using single-particle photoluminescence (PL) and femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopies, charge transfer kinetics between g-C 3 N 4 and two kinds of nanostructured MoS 2 (nanodot and monolayer) are systematically investigated. Single-particle PL results show the emission of g-C 3 N 4 is quenched by MoS 2 nanodots more effectively than MoS 2 monolayers. Electron injection rate and efficiency of g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 -nanodot hybrid are calculated to be 5.96 × 10 9 s -1 and 73.3%, respectively, from transient absorption spectral measurement, which are 4.8 times faster and 2.0 times higher than those of g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 -monolayer hybrid. Stronger intimate junction between MoS 2 nanodots and g-C 3 N 4 is suggested to be responsible for faster and more efficient electron injection. In addition, more unsaturated terminal sulfur atoms can serve as the active site in MoS 2 nanodot compared with MoS 2 monolayer. Therefore, g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 nanodot exhibits a 7.9 times higher photocatalytic activity for H 2 evolution (660 µmol g- 1 h -1 ) than g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 monolayer (83.8 µmol g -1 h -1 ). This work provides deep insight into charge transfer between g-C 3 N 4 and nanostructured MoS 2 cocatalysts, which can open a new avenue for more rationally designing MoS 2 -based catalysts for H 2 evolution. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. Design and development of nEMoS, an all-in-one, low-cost, web-connected and 3D-printed device for environmental analysis.

    PubMed

    Salamone, Francesco; Belussi, Lorenzo; Danza, Ludovico; Ghellere, Matteo; Meroni, Italo

    2015-06-04

    The Indoor Environmental Quality (IEQ) refers to the quality of the environment in relation to the health and well-being of the occupants. It is a holistic concept, which considers several categories, each related to a specific environmental parameter. This article describes a low-cost and open-source hardware architecture able to detect the indoor variables necessary for the IEQ calculation as an alternative to the traditional hardware used for this purpose. The system consists of some sensors and an Arduino board. One of the key strengths of Arduino is the possibility it affords of loading the script into the board's memory and letting it run without interfacing with computers, thus granting complete independence, portability and accuracy. Recent works have demonstrated that the cost of scientific equipment can be reduced by applying open-source principles to their design using a combination of the Arduino platform and a 3D printer. The evolution of the 3D printer has provided a new means of open design capable of accelerating self-directed development. The proposed nano Environmental Monitoring System (nEMoS) instrument is shown to have good reliability and it provides the foundation for a more critical approach to the use of professional sensors as well as for conceiving new scenarios and potential applications.

  12. Flow Simulation of N3-X Hybrid Wing-Body Configuration

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Kim, Hyoungjin; Liou, Meng-Sing

    2013-01-01

    System studies show that a N3-X hybrid wing-body aircraft with a turboelectric distributed propulsion system using a mail-slot inlet/nozzle nacelle can meet the environmental and performance goals for N+3 generation transports (three generations beyond the current air transport technology level) set by NASA s Subsonic Fixed Wing Project. In this study, a Navier-Stokes flow simulation of N3-X on hybrid unstructured meshes was conducted, including the mail-slot propulsor. The geometry of the mail-slot propulsor was generated by a CAD (Computer-Aided Design)-free shape parameterization. A body force approach was used for a more realistic and efficient simulation of the turning and loss effects of the fan blades and the inlet-fan interactions. Flow simulation results of the N3-X demonstrates the validity of the present approach.

  13. Electrostatic analysis of n-doped SrTiO{sub 3} metal-insulator-semiconductor systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kamerbeek, A. M., E-mail: a.m.kamerbeek@rug.nl; Banerjee, T.; Hueting, R. J. E.

    2015-12-14

    Electron doped SrTiO{sub 3}, a complex-oxide semiconductor, possesses novel electronic properties due to its strong temperature and electric-field dependent permittivity. Due to the high permittivity, metal/n-SrTiO{sub 3} systems show reasonably strong rectification even when SrTiO{sub 3} is degenerately doped. Our experiments show that the insertion of a sub nanometer layer of AlO{sub x} in between the metal and n-SrTiO{sub 3} interface leads to a dramatic reduction of the Schottky barrier height (from around 0.90 V to 0.25 V). This reduces the interface resistivity by 4 orders of magnitude. The derived electrostatic analysis of the metal-insulator-semiconductor (n-SrTiO{sub 3}) system is consistent with thismore » trend. When compared with a Si based MIS system, the change is much larger and mainly governed by the high permittivity of SrTiO{sub 3}. The non-linear permittivity of n-SrTiO{sub 3} leads to unconventional properties such as a temperature dependent surface potential non-existent for semiconductors with linear permittivity such as Si. This allows tuning of the interfacial band alignment, and consequently the Schottky barrier height, in a much more drastic way than in conventional semiconductors.« less

  14. Low-field anomalous magnetic phase in the kagome-lattice shandite C o3S n2S2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kassem, Mohamed A.; Tabata, Yoshikazu; Waki, Takeshi; Nakamura, Hiroyuki

    2017-07-01

    The magnetization process of single crystals of the metallic kagome ferromagnet C o3S n2S2 was carefully measured via magnetization and ac susceptibility. Field-dependent anomalous transitions observed in low fields indicate the presence of an unconventional magnetic phase just below the Curie temperature, TC. The magnetic phase diagrams in low magnetic fields along different crystallographic directions were determined for the first time. The magnetic relaxation measurements at various frequencies covering five orders of magnitude from 0.01 to 1000 Hz indicate markedly slow spin dynamics only in the anomalous phase with characteristic relaxation times longer than 10 s.

  15. Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Performance Verification Report: METSAT (S/N 108) AMSU-A1 Receiver Assemblies, P/N 1356429-1 S/N F05 and P/N 1356409-1 S/N F05

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Haigh, R.; Krimchansky, S. (Technical Monitor)

    2000-01-01

    This is the Performance Verification Report, METSAT (S/N 108) AMSU-A1 Receiver Assemblies P/N 1356429-1 S/N F05 and P/N 1356409-1 S/N F05, for the Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). The ATP for the AMSU-A Receiver Subsystem, AE-26002/6A, is prepared to describe in detail the configuration of the test setups and the procedures of the tests to verify that the receiver subsystem meets the specifications as required either in the AMSU-A Instrument Performance and Operation Specifications, S-480-80, or in AMSU-A Receiver Subsystem Specifications, AE-26608, derived by the Aerojet System Engineering. Test results that verify the conformance to the specifications demonstrate the acceptability of that particular receiver subsystem.

  16. Nickel sulfide/graphitic carbon nitride/strontium titanate (NiS/g-C3N4/SrTiO3) composites with significantly enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen production activity.

    PubMed

    Luo, Xiu-Li; He, Gang-Ling; Fang, Yue-Ping; Xu, Yue-Hua

    2018-05-15

    NiS/g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 (NS/CN/STO) composites were prepared using a facile hydrothermal method. The synergistic effect of g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 (CN/STO) heterojunction and NiS cocatalyst enhanced the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of NS/CN/STO. A hydrogen production rate of 1722.7 μmol h -1  g -1 was obtained when the 2%NiS/20%g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 (2NS/20CN/STO) was used for the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution in the presence of methanol used as a sacrificial agent under UV-vis light irradiation; the photocatalytic hydrogen production rate of 2NS/20CN/STO is 32.8, 8.9 and 4.2 times the value of that obtained with pure g-C 3 N 4 , SrTiO 3 and 20%g-C 3 N 4 /SrTiO 3 (20CN/STO), respectively. Moreover, in photoelectrochemical investigations when compared with 20CN/STO, SrTiO 3 and g-C 3 N 4 , 2NS/20CN/STO exhibited significant photocurrent enhancement. The heterojunction and cocatalyst in NS/CN/STO improved the charge separation efficiency and the lifetime of the charge carriers, leading to the enhanced generation of electrons for photocatalytic hydrogen production. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Oxidation of atomic gold ions: thermochemistry for the activation of O(2) and N(2)O BY Au(+) ((1)S(0) and (3)D).

    PubMed

    Li, Feng-Xia; Gorham, Katrine; Armentrout, P B

    2010-10-28

    Reaction of Au(+) ((1)S(0) and (3)D) with O(2) and N(2)O is studied as a function of kinetic energy using guided ion beam tandem mass spectrometry. A flow tube ion source produces Au(+) primarily in its (1)S(0) (5d(10)) electronic ground state level but with some (3)D and perhaps higher lying excited states. The distribution of states can be altered by adding N(2)O, which completely quenches the excited states, or CH(4) to the flow gases. Cross sections as a function of kinetic energy are measured for both neutral reagents and both ground and excited states of Au(+). Formation of AuO(+) is common to both systems with the N(2)O system also exhibiting AuN(2)(+) and AuNO(+) formation. All reactions of Au(+) ((1)S(0)) are observed to be endothermic, whereas the excitation energy available to the (3)D state allows some reactions to be exothermic. Because of the closed shell character of ground state Au(+) ((1)S(0), 5d(10)), the reactivity of these systems is low and has cross sections with onsets and peaks at higher energies than expected from the known thermochemistry but lower than energies expected from impulsive processes. Analyses of the endothermic reaction cross sections yield the 0 K bond dissociation energy (BDE) in eV of D(0)(Au(+)-O) = 1.12 ± 0.08, D(0)(Au(+)-N(2)) ≥ 0.30 ± 0.04, and D(0)(Au(+)-NO) = 0.89 ± 0.17, values that are all speculative because of the unusual experimental behavior. Combining the AuO(+) BDE measured here with literature data also yields the ionization energy of AuO as 10.38 ± 0.23 eV. Quantum chemical calculations show reasonable agreement with the experimental bond energies and provide the electronic structures of these species.

  18. Block of high-threshold calcium channels by the synthetic polyamines sFTX-3.3 and FTX-3.3.

    PubMed

    Norris, T M; Moya, E; Blagbrough, I S; Adams, M E

    1996-10-01

    A polyamine component of Agelenopsis aperta spider venom designated FTX is reported to be a selective antagonist of P-type calcium channels in the mammalian brain. Consequently, this component has frequently been used as a pharmacological tool to determine the presence, distribution, and function of P-type channels in physiological systems. We describe antagonism of calcium channels by the synthesized polyamine FTX-3.3, which has the proposed structure of natural FTX. We also examined a corresponding polyamine amide, sFTX-3.3. These polyamines are critically evaluated for antagonism of three high-threshold calcium channel subtypes in rat neurons through the use of the whole-cell patch-clamp technique. FTX-3.3 (IC50 = approximately 0.13 mM) is approximately twice as potent as sFTX-3.3 (IC50 = approximately 0.24 mM) against P-type channels and approximately 3-fold more potent against N-type channels (FTX-3.3, IC50 = approximately 0.24 mM; sFTX-3.3, IC50 = approximately 0.70 mM). Both polyamines also block L-type calcium channels with similar potencies. sFTX-3.3 (1 mM) and FTX-3.3 (0.5 mM) typically block 50% and 65% of Bay K8644-enhanced L-type current, respectively. Antagonism of each calcium channel subtype is voltage dependent, with less inhibition of Ba2+ currents at more-positive potentials. These data show that both sFTX-3.3 and FTX-3.3 antagonize P-, N-, and L-type calcium channels in mammalian Purkinje and superior cervical ganglia neurons with similar IC50 values.

  19. Synthesis and characterization of novel Sm2O3/S-doped g-C3N4 nanocomposites with enhanced photocatalytic activities under visible light irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jourshabani, Milad; Shariatinia, Zahra; Badiei, Alireza

    2018-01-01

    Novel Sm2O3/S-doped g-C3N4 (CNS) composites were synthesized with in situ method by simultaneous combining S doping in carbon nitride structure to produce CNS as well as hybridization of CNS with the Sm2O3 semiconductor. The obtained composite photocatalysts with different Sm2O3 contents were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, TEM, BET, DRS and PL techniques and their photocatalytic activities were investigated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) as a model pollutant in aqueous solution under visible-light irradiation. The XRD structure phase and TEM morphology results showed that stacking degree of π-conjugated system in the CNS structure was disrupted in the precense of Sm2O3 particles. The optimal Sm2O3 loading value was determined to be 8.9 wt% and its corresponding MB photodegradation rate was about 93% after 150 min light irradiation, which was indeed greater compared with those of the individual CNS and Sm2O3 samples. This enhanced photocatalytic performance was originated from characteristics of the hybrid formed between the Sm2O3 and CNS so that it improved the effective charge transfer through interfacial interactions between both components. In addition, the CNS synthesized by S doping exhibited a significant enhancement in the photocatalytic activity relative to that of the pure g-C3N4; this was mostly caused by the increase in its visible light harvesting ability and charge mobility. The possible mechanism for the photocatalytic degradation of MB was suggested and discussed in detail based on the findings acquired from radical/hole trapping experiments.

  20. Triggering N2 Uptake via Redox Induced Expulsion of Coordinated NH3 and N2 Silylation at Trigonal Bipyramidal Iron

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Yunho; Mankad, Neal P.

    2010-01-01

    The biological reduction of nitrogen to ammonia may occur via one of two predominant pathways in which nitrogenous NxHy intermediates including hydrazine (N2H4), diazene (N2H2), nitride (N3-) and imide (NH2-) may be involved. To test the validity of hypotheses concerning iron’s direct role in the stepwise reduction of N2, iron model systems are needed. Such systems can test the chemical compatibility of iron with various proposed NxHy intermediates, and the reactivity patterns of such species. Here we describe a TBP (SiPR3)Fe-L scaffold (SiPR3 represents [Si(o-C6H4PR2)3]−; R = Ph and iPr) where the apical site is occupied by nitrogenous ligands such as N2, N2H4, NH3 and N2R. The system accommodates terminally bound N2 in the three formal oxidation states (iron(0), +1, and +2). N2 uptake is demonstrated via displacement of its reduction partners NH3 and N2H4, and N2 functionalizaton is illustrated via electrophilic silylation. PMID:20571574

  1. The Super Separator Spectrometer S3 and the associated detection systems: SIRIUS & LEB-REGLIS3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Déchery, F.; Savajols, H.; Authier, M.; Drouart, A.; Nolen, J.; Ackermann, D.; Amthor, A. M.; Bastin, B.; Berryhill, A.; Boutin, D.; Caceres, L.; Coffey, M.; Delferrière, O.; Dorvaux, O.; Gall, B.; Hauschild, K.; Hue, A.; Jacquot, B.; Karkour, N.; Laune, B.; Le Blanc, F.; Lecesne, N.; Lopez-Martens, A.; Lutton, F.; Manikonda, S.; Meinke, R.; Olivier, G.; Payet, J.; Piot, J.; Pochon, O.; Prince, V.; Souli, M.; Stelzer, G.; Stodel, C.; Stodel, M.-H.; Sulignano, B.; Traykov, E.; Uriot, D.; S3, Sirius; Leb-Reglis3 Collaboration

    2016-06-01

    The Super Separator Spectrometer (S3) facility is developed in the framework of the SPIRAL2 project [1]. S3 has been designed to extend the capability of the facility to perform experiments with extremely low cross sections, taking advantage of the very high intensity stable beams of the superconducting linear accelerator of SPIRAL2. It will mainly use fusion-evaporation reactions to reach extreme regions of the nuclear chart: new opportunities will be opened for super-heavy element studies and spectroscopy at and beyond the driplines. In addition to our previous article (Déchery et al. [2]) introducing the optical layout of the spectrometer and the expected performances, this article will present the current status of the main elements of the facility: the target station, the superconducting multipole, and the magnetic and electric dipoles, with a special emphasis on the status of the detection system SIRIUS and on the low-energy branch which includes the REGLIS3 system. S3 will also be a source of low energy radioactive isotopes for delivery to the DESIR facility.

  2. Long-range interactions of hydrogen atoms in excited states. III. n S -1 S interactions for n3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adhikari, C. M.; Debierre, V.; Jentschura, U. D.

    2017-09-01

    The long-range interaction of excited neutral atoms has a number of interesting and surprising properties such as the prevalence of long-range oscillatory tails and the emergence of numerically large van der Waals C6 coefficients. Furthermore, the energetically quasidegenerate n P states require special attention and lead to mathematical subtleties. Here we analyze the interaction of excited hydrogen atoms in n S states (3n ≤12 ) with ground-state hydrogen atoms and find that the C6 coefficients roughly grow with the fourth power of the principal quantum number and can reach values in excess of 240 000 (in atomic units) for states with n =12 . The nonretarded van der Waals result is relevant to the distance range R ≪a0/α , where a0 is the Bohr radius and α is the fine-structure constant. The Casimir-Polder range encompasses the interatomic distance range a0/α ≪R ≪ℏ c /L , where L is the Lamb shift energy. In this range, the contribution of quasidegenerate excited n P states remains nonretarded and competes with the 1 /R2 and 1 /R4 tails of the pole terms, which are generated by lower-lying m P states with 2 ≤m ≤n -1 , due to virtual resonant emission. The dominant pole terms are also analyzed in the Lamb shift range R ≫ℏ c /L . The familiar 1 /R7 asymptotics from the usual Casimir-Polder theory is found to be completely irrelevant for the analysis of excited-state interactions. The calculations are carried out to high precision using computer algebra in order to handle a large number of terms in intermediate steps of the calculation for highly excited states.

  3. Product operator descriptions of INEPT and RINEPT NMR spectroscopies for ISn (I=1/2, S=3/2) spin systems.

    PubMed

    Tokatli, Ahmet; Gençten, Azmi; Sahin, Mükerrem; Tezel, Ozden; Bahçeli, Semiha

    2004-07-01

    The product operator descriptions of INEPT and reverse INEPT (RINEPT) NMR experiments are introduced for weakly coupled ISn (I=1/2, S=3/2 with n=1,2,3) spin systems. Explicit expressions for polarization transfer from spin-3/2 quadrupolar nuclei to spin-1/2 nuclei (and reversed polarization transfer) are given in detail by using the evolutions of product operators under the spin-spin coupling Hamiltonian. The results calculated for the intensities and positions of the observable signals are simulated in the molecules containing the 119Sn (I=1/2) and 35Cl (S=3/2) nuclei at the coupling constant of J(Sn-Cl)=375 Hz by using the Maple programme on computer.

  4. Product operator descriptions of INEPT and RINEPT NMR spectroscopies for ISn ( I=1/2, S=3/2) spin systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tokatlı, Ahmet; Gençten, Azmi; Şahin, Mükerrem; Tezel, Özden; Bahçeli, Semiha

    2004-07-01

    The product operator descriptions of INEPT and reverse INEPT (RINEPT) NMR experiments are introduced for weakly coupled ISn ( I=1/2, S=3/2 with n=1,2,3) spin systems. Explicit expressions for polarization transfer from spin-3/2 quadrupolar nuclei to spin-1/2 nuclei (and reversed polarization transfer) are given in detail by using the evolutions of product operators under the spin-spin coupling Hamiltonian. The results calculated for the intensities and positions of the observable signals are simulated in the molecules containning the 119Sn ( I=1/2) and 35Cl ( S=3/2) nuclei at the coupling constant of JSn-Cl=375 Hz by using the Maple programme on computer.

  5. Thermoelectric and structural correlations in (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 perovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Somaily, H.; Kolesnik, S.; Dabrowski, B.; Chmaissem, O.

    2017-08-01

    Structural and thermoelectric properties are reported for a specially designed class of A -site substituted perovskite titanates, (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 . Two series synthesized with various A -site Sr-rich or Ca-rich (Sr-poor) concentrations were investigated using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction as a function of temperature and Nd doping. Each series was designed to have a nominally constant tolerance factor at room temperature. We determine the room temperature structures as tetragonal I 4 /m c m and orthorhombic P b n m for the Sr-rich and Ca-rich series, respectively. Three low-temperature orthorhombic structures, P b n m , I b m m , and P b c m were also observed for the Sr-rich series, whereas the symmetry of the Ca-rich series remains unchanged throughout the full measured temperature range. Thermoelectric properties of (S r1 -x -yC axN dy) Ti O3 were investigated and correlated with the structural variables. We succeeded in achieving a relatively high figure of merit Z T =0.07 at ˜400 K in the Sr-rich S r0.76C a0.16N d0.08Ti O3 composition which is comparable to that of the best n -type TE SrT i0.80N b0.20O3 oxide material reported to date. For a fixed tolerance factor, the Nd doping enhances the carrier density and effective mass at the expense of the Seebeck coefficient. Thermal conductivity greatly reduces upon Nd doping in the Ca-rich series. With an enhanced Seebeck coefficient at elevated temperatures and reduced thermal conductivity, we predict that S r0.76C a0.16N d0.08Ti O3 and similar compositions have the potential to become some of the best materials in their class of thermoelectric oxides.

  6. ZnS-Based ZnSTe:N/n-ZnS Light-Emitting Diodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ichino, Kunio; Kojima, Takahiro; Obata, Shunsuke; Kuroyanagi, Takuma; Nakazawa, Shoichi; Kashiyama, Shota

    2013-11-01

    ZnS1-xTex:N/n-ZnS diodes have been fabricated in an attempt to convert ZnS into p-type by Te incorporation and the resulting upward shift of the valence band maximum. The diodes exhibit clear rectification in the current-voltage characteristic and a peak of the electron-beam-induced current at the ZnS1-xTex:N/n-ZnS interface. Furthermore, a ZnS0.85Te0.15:N/n-ZnS diode exhibits blue-green electroluminescence due to self-activated emission in n-ZnS at 290 K under a forward current. These results suggest p-type conduction in ZnS1-xTex:N, and thus the LED operation of a ZnS-based pn-junction.

  7. Tuning of magnetic frustration in S = 1 / 2 Kagomé lattices {[Cu3(CO3)2(bpe)3](CLO4)2}n and {[Cu3(CO3)2(bpy)3](CLO4)2}n through rigid and flexible ligands

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ajeesh, M. O.; Yogi, A.; Padmanabhan, M.; Nath, R.

    2015-04-01

    Single crystalline and polycrystalline samples of S = 1 / 2 Kagomé lattices { [Cu3(CO3)2(bpe)3 ](CLO4)2 } n and { [Cu3(CO3)2(bpy)3 ](CLO4)2 } n, respectively were synthesized. Their structural and magnetic properties were characterized by means of x-ray diffraction and magnetization measurements. Both compounds crystalize in a hexagonal structure (space group P-6) consisting of CuO4 Kagomé layers in the ab-plane but linked along c direction through either rigid bpy or flexible bpe ligands to form 3D frame works. Magnetic measurements reveal that both the compounds undergo ferromagnetic ordering (TC) at low temperatures and the TC and the extent of frustration could be tuned by changing the nature of the pillar ligands. {[Cu3(CO3)2(bpe)3](CLO4)2}n which is made up of flexible bpe ligands has a TC of 5.7 K and a Curie-Weiss temperature (θCW) of -39.7 K giving rise to a frustration parameter of |θCW | /TC ≃ 6.96. But the replacement of bpe by a more rigid and electronically delocalized bpy ligand leads to an enhanced TC ≃ 9.3 K and a reduced frustration parameter of |θCW | /TC ≃ 3.54.

  8. The K 2S 2O 8-KOH photoetching system for GaN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weyher, J. L.; Tichelaar, F. D.; van Dorp, D. H.; Kelly, J. J.; Khachapuridze, A.

    2010-09-01

    A recently developed photoetching system for n-type GaN, a KOH solution containing the strong oxidizing agent potassium peroxydisulphate (K 2S 2O 8), was studied in detail. By careful selection of the etching parameters, such as the ratio of components and the hydrodynamics, two distinct modes were defined: defect-selective etching (denoted by KSO-D) and polishing (KSO-P). Both photoetching methods can be used under open-circuit (electroless) conditions. Well-defined dislocation-related etch whiskers are formed during KSO-D etching. All types of dislocations are revealed, and this was confirmed by cross-sectional TEM examination of the etched samples. Extended electrically active defects are also clearly revealed. The known relationship between etch rate and carrier concentration for photoetching of GaN in KOH solutions was confirmed for KSO-D etch using Raman measurements. It is shown that during KSO-P etching diffusion is the rate-limiting step, i.e. this etch is suitable for polishing of GaN. Some constraints of the KSO etching system for GaN are discussed and peculiar etch features, so far not understood, are described.

  9. The Syntheses and Structure of the First Vanadium(IV) and Vanadium(V) Binary Azides, V(N3)4, [V(N3)6]2- and [V(N3)6]- (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2009-11-17

    V(N3)3(N3S2)] 2- , [22] have been reported, and no binary vanadium(V) compounds had been known except for VF5, VF6 - and V2O5 . By analogy with...valves. Volatile materials were handled in a Pyrex glass or stainless steel/Teflon-FEP vacuum line. [31] All reaction vessels were passivated with ClF3...successful synthesis of the [V(N3)6] - anion, the only binary vanadium(V) compound known besides VF5, VF6 - and V2O5 . N1’ N8 N9 N1 N2 N3 V N4 N5 N6 N2

  10. Measurements of mass-dependent azimuthal anisotropy in central p + Au, d + Au, and He 3 + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

    DOE PAGES

    Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; ...

    2018-06-11

    Here, we present measurements of the transverse-momentum dependence of elliptic flow v 2 for identified pions and (anti)protons at midrapidity (|η| < 0.35), in 0%–5% central p+Au and 3He+Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV. When taken together with previously published measurements in d + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV, the results cover a broad range of small-collision-system multiplicities and intrinsic initial geometries. We observe a clear mass-dependent splitting of v 2(p T) in d + Au and 3He + Au collisions, just as in large nucleus-nucleus (A + A) collisions, and a smallermore » splitting in p + Au collisions. Both hydrodynamic and transport model calculations successfully describe the data at low p T (< 1.5GeV/c), but fail to describe various features at higher p T. In all systems, the v 2 values follow an approximate quark-number scaling as a function of the hadron transverse kinetic energy per constituent quark (KE T/n q), which was also seen previously in A + A collisions.« less

  11. Measurements of mass-dependent azimuthal anisotropy in central p + Au, d + Au, and He 3 + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.

    Here, we present measurements of the transverse-momentum dependence of elliptic flow v 2 for identified pions and (anti)protons at midrapidity (|η| < 0.35), in 0%–5% central p+Au and 3He+Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV. When taken together with previously published measurements in d + Au collisions at √ s NN = 200 GeV, the results cover a broad range of small-collision-system multiplicities and intrinsic initial geometries. We observe a clear mass-dependent splitting of v 2(p T) in d + Au and 3He + Au collisions, just as in large nucleus-nucleus (A + A) collisions, and a smallermore » splitting in p + Au collisions. Both hydrodynamic and transport model calculations successfully describe the data at low p T (< 1.5GeV/c), but fail to describe various features at higher p T. In all systems, the v 2 values follow an approximate quark-number scaling as a function of the hadron transverse kinetic energy per constituent quark (KE T/n q), which was also seen previously in A + A collisions.« less

  12. Crystal structure of Cr-bearing Mg3BeAl8O16, a new polytype of magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S.

    PubMed

    Malcherek, Thomas; Schlüter, Jochen

    2016-07-01

    The crystal structure of a new polytype of magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S, ideally Mg3BeAl8O16 (trimagnesium beryllium octa-aluminium hexa-deca-oxide), is described in space-group symmetry P-3m1. It has been identified in a fragment of a mineral sample from Burma (Myanmar). The new polytype is composed of two Mg2Al4O8 (S)- and two BeMgAl4O8 (N')-modules in a stacking sequence N'SSN'' which differs from the N'SN'S-stacking sequence of the known magnesiotaaffeite-2N'2S polytype. The crystal structure can be derived from a close-packed arrangement of O atoms and is discussed with regard to its polytypism and its Cr(3+) chromophore content.

  13. An efficient synthesis of the constrained peptidomimetic 2-oxo-3-(N-9-fluorenyloxycarbonylamino)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane-9-carboxylic acid from pyroglutamic acid.

    PubMed

    Mandal, Pijus Kumar; Kaluarachchi, Kumar K; Ogrin, Douglas; Bott, Simon G; McMurray, John S

    2005-11-25

    [reaction: see text] Azabicyclo[X.Y.0]alkane amino acids are rigid dipeptide mimetics that are useful tools for structure-activity studies in peptide-based drug discovery. Herein, we report an efficient synthesis of three diastereomers of 9-tert-butoxycarbonyl-2-oxo-3-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-1-azabicyclo[4.3.0]nonane (3S,6S,9S, 3S,6R,9R, and 3S,6R,9S). Methyl N-Boc-pyroglutamate is cleaved with vinylmagnesium bromide to produce an acyclic gamma-vinyl ketone. Michael addition of N-diphenylmethyleneglycine tert-butyl ester produces the N-Boc-delta-oxo-alpha,omega-diaminoazelate intermediate, which, on hydrogenloysis, gives the fused ring system. Acidolytic deprotection followed by Fmoc-protection provided building blocks suitable for solid-phase synthesis.

  14. Υ production in U + U collisions at s N N = 193 GeV measured with the STAR experiment

    DOE PAGES

    Adamczyk, L.

    2016-12-15

    We present a measurement of the inclusive production of ¡ mesons in U+U collisions at √sNN = 193 GeV at mid-rapidity (|y| < 1). Previous studies in central Au+Au collisions at √sNN = 200 GeV show a suppression of ¡(1S+2S+3S) production relative to expectations from the ¡ yield in p+p collisions scaled by the number of binary nucleon-nucleon collisions (N coll), with an indication that the ¡(1S) state is also suppressed. The present measurement extends the number of participant nucleons in the collision (N part) by 20% compared to Au+Au collisions, and allows us to study a system with highermore » energy density. We observe a suppression in both the ¡(1S+2S+3S) and ¡(1S) yields in central U+U data, which consolidates and extends the previously observed suppression trend in Au+Au collisions.« less

  15. Geomorphic changes of a scarp on a slope gully by applying 3D photo-reconstruction technique (Duratón river valley, central Spain).

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rodríguez, Lourdes; Tanarro, Luis M.

    2017-04-01

    Recent advances in the field of photogrammetry and the computer vision has allowed the improvement of the art 3D Photo-Reconstruction (FR-3D). This technique, which uses Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereo (MVS) reconstruction algorithms, allows us to obtain three-dimensional models of the terrain of high resolution. Its application in the field of Earth Sciences is recent (Westoby et al., 2012, James and Robson, 2012), and has been applied mainly to evaluate the activity of different morphodynamic environments (coastal cliffs, gully erosion, etc.). In this work the FR-3D technique is applied to analyze the geomorphological dynamics of a scarp modelled on the valley-side gully of the right side of the Duraton river (41° 16'N, 3°39'W, 988 m, central Spain). The scarp has a length of about 50 m and a height in the central part of 10 m and the lithology is constituted by red clays with levels of conglomerates of Miocene age. Photographs along the scarp have been taken with a compact digital camera (Canon PowerShot S95, 10 MP) in two different time periods (2014/08/27 and 2016/02/06), and have been processed using Bentley ContextCapture software, generating the respective 3D meshes and from these, directly the Digital Surface Models (DSM) for each date. Finally, DSMs have been compared, obtaining the difference in surface elevations. Previously, at the base of the scarp were placed three wood-stakes, whose coordinates were obtained by GPS, and have been used as control points for georreferencing the models. The DMS obtained have a high resolution (the default cell size of each model are 0.0039 m and 0.0063 m respectively). Volumetric change from elevation differences for the entire time interval (529 days) shows a predominance of sedimentation against erosion (426.79 m3 versus 65.61 m3). In conclusion, FR-3D technique provides high resolution Digital Surface Models, allowing to detect changes in the surface at a high level of detail (cm or even mm

  16. 34 CFR 403.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 403.3 What regulations apply? The following regulations apply to the State Vocational and Applied Technology Education... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 403.3 Section 403.3 Education...

  17. Stability of the high pressure phase Fe3S2 up to Earth's core pressures in the Fe-S-O and the Fe-S-Si systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zurkowski, C. C.; Chidester, B.; Davis, A.; Brauser, N.; Greenberg, E.; Prakapenka, V. B.; Campbell, A.

    2017-12-01

    Earth's core is comprised of an iron-nickel alloy that contains 5-15% of a light element component. The abundance and alloying capability of sulfur, silicon and oxygen in the bulk Earth make them important core alloy candidates; therefore, the high-pressure phase equilibria of the Fe-S-O and Fe-S-Si systems are relevant for understanding the possible chemistry of Earth's core. Previously, a Fe3S2 phase was recognized as a low-pressure intermediate phase in the Fe-FeS system that is stable from 14-21 GPa, but the structure of this phase has not been resolved. We report in-situ XRD and chemical analysis of recovered samples to further examine the stability and structure of Fe3S2 as it coexists with other phases in the Fe-S-O and Fe-S-Si systems. In situ high P-T synchrotron XRD experiments were conducted in the laser-heated diamond anvil cell to determine the equilibrium phases in Fe75S7O18 and Fe80S5Si15 compositions between 30 and 174 GPa and up to 3000 K. In the S,O-rich samples, an orthorhombic Fe3S2 phase coexists with hcp-Fe, Fe3S and FeO and undergoes two monoclinic distortions between 60 and 174 GPa. In the S,Si-rich samples, the orthorhombic Fe3S2 phase was observed up to 115 GPa. With increasing pressure, the Fe3S2 phase becomes stable to higher temperatures in both compositions, suggesting possible Fe3(S,O)2 or Fe3(S,Si)2 solid solutions. SEM analysis of a laser heated Fe75S7O18 sample recovered from 40 GPa and 1450 K confirms a Fe3(S,O)2 phase with O dissolved into the structure. Based on the current melting data in the Fe-S-O and Fe-S-Si systems, the Fe3(S,O)2 stability field intersects the solidus in the outer core and could be a possible liquidus phase in Fe,S,O-rich planetary cores, whereas Fe3S is the stable sulfide at outer core pressures in Fe,S,Si-rich systems.

  18. Synthesis, characterization, computational studies and biological evaluation of S-benzyl-β-N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylallylidene)]dithiocarbazate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhat, Rayees A.; Kumar, D.; Malla, Manzoor A.; Bhat, Sami U.; Khan, Md Shahzad; Manzoor, Ovais; Srivastava, Anurag; Naikoo, Rawoof A.; Mohsin, Mohd; Mir, Muzzaffar A.

    2018-03-01

    S-Benzyl-β-N-[3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylallylidene)]dithiocarbazate (HL1), Schiff base of S-benzyl dithiocarbazate, was synthesized by 1:1 condensation between S-benzyl dithiocarbazate and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy cinnamaldehyde. The nitrogen-sulfur Schiff base (HL1) was characterized by Mass, FT-IR, H1-NMR, Raman, and UV-VIS spectroscopic techniques. Theoretical quantum chemical calculations were performed using DFT in combination with B3LYP exchange correlation functional and 6-311++ G (d, p) basis sets level. The calculated values of chemical potential (μ), HOMO-LUMO energy gap, chemical hardness, softness (S), ionization energy (IE), electron affinity (EA), dipole moment (D) and relative stabilization energy of the compound were 0.14881 eV, 0.12542 eV, 0.06271 eV, 3.37299 eV, -0.21152 eV, -0.08610 eV, 4.4090 Debye and -1753.350 eV respectively. Theoretically calculated parameters like H1-NMR, FT-IR, UV-VIS, Raman, electrostatic potential and HOMO-LUMO energy gap are in good agreement with experimental results. Also, in-vitro cytotoxicity studies were done against two habitually infection causing bacteria strains including gram-positive (S. aureus) and gram-negative (E. coli) for antibacterial activity. The results showed appreciable biological activity and the activity increased with increase in dose.

  19. Mitigation of Alfvén activity in a tokamak by externally applied static 3D fields.

    PubMed

    Bortolon, A; Heidbrink, W W; Kramer, G J; Park, J-K; Fredrickson, E D; Lore, J D; Podestà, M

    2013-06-28

    The application of static magnetic field perturbations to a tokamak plasma is observed to alter the dynamics of high-frequency bursting Alfvén modes that are driven unstable by energetic ions. In response to perturbations with an amplitude of δB/B∼0.01 at the plasma boundary, the mode amplitude is reduced, the bursting frequency is increased, and the frequency chirp is smaller. For modes of weaker bursting character, the magnetic perturbation induces a temporary transition to a saturated continuous mode. Calculations of the perturbed distribution function indicate that the 3D perturbation affects the orbits of fast ions that resonate with the bursting modes. The experimental evidence represents an important demonstration of the possibility of controlling fast-ion instabilities through "phase-space engineering" of the fast-ion distribution function, by means of externally applied perturbation fields.

  20. Chemical dynamics simulations of X- + CH3Y → XCH3 + Y- gas-phase S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution reactions. Nonstatistical dynamics and nontraditional reaction mechanisms.

    PubMed

    Manikandan, Paranjothy; Zhang, Jiaxu; Hase, William L

    2012-03-29

    Extensive classical chemical dynamics simulations of gas-phase X(-) + CH(3)Y → XCH(3) + Y(-) S(N)2 nucleophilic substitution reactions are reviewed and discussed and compared with experimental measurements and predictions of theoretical models. The primary emphasis is on reactions for which X and Y are halogen atoms. Both reactions with the traditional potential energy surface (PES), which include pre- and postreaction potential energy minima and a central barrier, and reactions with nontraditional PESs are considered. These S(N)2 reactions exhibit important nonstatistical atomic-level dynamics. The X(-) + CH(3)Y → X(-)---CH(3)Y association rate constant is less than the capture model as a result of inefficient energy transfer from X(-)+ CH(3)Y relative translation to CH(3)Y rotation and vibration. There is weak coupling between the low-frequency intermolecular modes of the X(-)---CH(3)Y complex and higher frequency CH(3)Y intramolecular modes, resulting in non-RRKM kinetics for X(-)---CH(3)Y unimolecular decomposition. Recrossings of the [X--CH(3)--Y](-) central barrier is important. As a result of the above dynamics, the relative translational energy and temperature dependencies of the S(N)2 rate constants are not accurately given by statistical theory. The nonstatistical dynamics results in nonstatistical partitioning of the available energy to XCH(3) +Y(-) reaction products. Besides the indirect, complex forming atomic-level mechanism for the S(N)2 reaction, direct mechanisms promoted by X(-) + CH(3)Y relative translational or CH(3)Y vibrational excitation are possible, e.g., the roundabout mechanism.

  1. Structural and electrochemical properties of the doped spinels Li 1.05M 0.02Mn 1.98O 3.98N 0.02 (M = Ga 3+, Al 3+, or Co 3+; N = S 2- or F -) for use as cathode material in lithium batteries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amaral, Fábio A.; Bocchi, Nerilso; Brocenschi, Ricardo F.; Biaggio, Sonia R.; Rocha-Filho, Romeu C.

    The doped and milled spinels Li 1.05M 0.02Mn 1.98O 3.98N 0.02 (M = Ga 3+, Al 3+ or Co 3+; N = S 2- or F -) are studied aiming at obtaining an improved charge/discharge cycling performance. These spinels are prepared by a solid-state reaction among the precursors ɛ-MnO 2, LiOH, and the respective oxide/salt of the doping ions at 750 °C for 72 h and milled for 30 min. The obtained spinels are characterized by XRD, SEM, and determinations of the average manganese valence n. In the charge and discharge tests, the doped spinels present outstanding initial values of the specific discharge capacity C (117-126 mA h g -1), decreasing in the following order: C(Li 1.05Al 0.02Mn 1.98S 3.02O 3.98) > C(Li 1.05Al 0.02Mn 1.98F 3.02O 3.98) > C(Li 1.05Ga 0.02Mn 1.98S 3.02O 3.98) > C(Li 1.05Ga 0.02Mn 1.98F 3.02O 3.98) > C(Li 1.05Co 0.02Mn 1.98S 3.02O 3.98) > C(Li 1.05Co 0.02Mn 1.98F 3.02O 3.98). The doped spinel Li 1.05Ga 0.02Mn 1.98S 3.02O 3.98 presents an excellent electrochemical performance, with a low capacity loss even after 300 charge and discharge cycles (from 120 to 115 mA h g -1 or 4%).

  2. Magnetically Separable MoS2/Fe3O4/nZVI Nanocomposites for the Treatment of Wastewater Containing Cr(VI) and 4-Chlorophenol

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Jingkang; Wang, Ting

    2017-01-01

    With a large specific surface area, high reactivity, and excellent adsorption properties, nano zerovalent iron (nZVI) can degrade a wide variety of contaminants in wastewater. However, aggregation, oxidation, and separation issues greatly impede its wide application. In this study, MoS2/Fe3O4/nZVI nanocomposites were successfully synthesized by a facile step-by-step approach to overcome these problems. MoS2 nanosheets (MNs) acted as an efficient support for nZVI and enriched the organic pollutants nearby, leading to an enhanced removal efficiency. Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) could not only suppress the agglomeration and restacking of MNs, but also facilitate easy separation and recovery of the nanocomposites. The synergistic effect between MNs and Fe3O4 NPs effectively enhanced the reactivity and efficiency of nZVI. In the system, Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) by nZVI in the nanocomposites, and Fe2+ produced in the process was combined with H2O2 to further remove 4-Chlorophenol (4-CP) through a Fenton reaction. Furthermore, the nanocomposites could be easily separated from wastewater by a magnet and be reused for at least five consecutive runs, revealing good reusability. The results demonstrate that the novel nanocomposites are highly efficient and promising for the simultaneous removal of Cr(VI) and 4-CP in wastewater. PMID:28973986

  3. The Molybdenum(V) and Tungsten(VI) Oxoazides [MoO(N3 )3 ], [MoO(N3 )3 ⋅2 CH3 CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ], [MoO(N3 )5 ](2-) , [WO(N3 )4 ], and [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN].

    PubMed

    Haiges, Ralf; Skotnitzki, Juri; Fang, Zongtang; Dixon, David A; Christe, Karl O

    2015-12-14

    A series of novel molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides was prepared starting from [MOF4 ] (M=Mo, W) and Me3 SiN3 . While [WO(N3 )4 ] was formed through fluoride-azide exchange in the reaction of Me3 SiN3 with WOF4 in SO2 solution, the reaction with MoOF4 resulted in a reduction of Mo(VI) to Mo(V) and formation of [MoO(N3 )3 ]. Carried out in acetonitrile solution, these reactions resulted in the isolation of the corresponding adducts [MoO(N3 )3 ⋅2 CH3 CN] and [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN]. Subsequent reactions of [MoO(N3 )3 ] with 2,2'-bipyridine and [PPh4 ][N3 ] resulted in the formation and isolation of [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ] and [PPh4 ]2 [MoO(N3 )5 ], respectively. Most molybdenum(V) and tungsten(VI) oxoazides were fully characterized by their vibrational spectra, impact, friction and thermal sensitivity data and, in the case of [WO(N3 )4 ⋅CH3 CN], [(bipy)MoO(N3 )3 ], and [PPh4 ]2 [MoO(N3 )5 ], by their X-ray crystal structures. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. Zincovelesite-6N6S, Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH), a new högbomite-supergroup mineral from Jacupica mountains, Republic of Macedonia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chukanov, Nikita V.; Krzhizhanovskaya, Maria G.; Jančev, Simeon; Pekov, Igor V.; Varlamov, Dmitry A.; Göttlicher, Jörg; Rusakov, Vyacheslav S.; Polekhovsky, Yury S.; Chervonnyi, Alexandr D.; Ermolaeva, Vera N.

    2018-02-01

    A new mineral species zincovelesite-6N6S with the simplified formula Zn3(Fe3+,Mn3+,Al,Ti)8O15(OH) was discovered in the orogenetic zone related to the "Mixed Series" metamorphic complex near the Nežilovo village, Jacupica Mountains, Pelagonia mountain range, Republic of Macedonia. In oxide Zn-Fe-Mn ore, zincovelesite-6N6S forms lenticular aggregates up to 2 × 2 × 0.5 mm consisting of thin near-coplanar platelets up to 70 × 70 × 1 µm3 and associated with franklinite, gahnite, hetaerolite, zincochromite, ferricoronadite, baryte, As-rich fluorapatite, dolomite, Zn-bearing talc, almeidaite, hydroxycalcioroméite, zircon, quartz, and scheelite. In silicate-baryte zones of the metasomatic rock, uniaxial intergrowths of zincovelesite-6N6S with nežilovite are observed. The new mineral is opaque, black, with brownish-black streak. The lustre is strong submetallic to metallic. The micro-indentation hardness is 1118 kg/mm2 which corresponds to Mohs' hardness ca. 6½. Zincovelesite-6N6S is brittle, with uneven fracture. No cleavage or parting is observed. The density calculated from the empirical formula is 5.158 g/cm3. In reflected light zincovelesite-6N6S is light grey. The reflectance values [R max/R min, % (λ, nm)] are: 17.1/13.4 (470), 16.5/12.8 (546), 16.2/12.6 (589), 15.6/12.2 (650). The IR spectrum shows the presence of OH groups. According to the Mössbauer spectrum, all iron is trivalent. The Mn K-edge XANES spectroscopy shows that Mn is predominantly or completely trivalent. The average chemical composition is (wt%; electron microprobe, H2O determined by gas chromatography of ignition products): MgO 0.97, CuO 0.50, ZnO 30.80, Al2O3 8.17, Mn2O3 21.31, Fe2O3 29.44, TiO2 5.28, Sb2O5 3.74, H2O 1.1, total 101.31. The empirical formula based on 16 O atoms is H1.05Zn3.26Mg0.21Cu0.05Fe3+ 3.18Mn3+ 2.32Al1.38Ti0.57Sb0.20O16. Zincovelesite-6N6S is trigonal, probable space group P-3m1, a = 5.902(2) Å, c = 55.86(1) Å, V = 1684.8(9) Å3, Z = 6. The strongest lines of

  5. A novel S-enantioselective amidase acting on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide from Arthrobacter sp. S-2.

    PubMed

    Fuhshuku, Ken-ichi; Watanabe, Shunsuke; Nishii, Tetsuro; Ishii, Akihiro; Asano, Yasuhisa

    2015-01-01

    A novel S-enantioselective amidase acting on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide was purified from Arthrobacter sp. S-2. The enzyme acted S-enantioselectively on 3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide to yield (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid. Based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of this amidase, the gene coding S-amidase was cloned from the genomic DNA of Arthrobacter sp. S-2 and expressed in an Escherichia coli host. The recombinant S-amidase was purified and characterized. Furthermore, the purified recombinant S-amidase with the C-His6-tag, which was expressed in E. coli as the C-His6-tag fusion protein, was used in the kinetic resolution of (±)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide to obtain (S)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanoic acid and (R)-3,3,3-trifluoro-2-hydroxy-2-methylpropanamide.

  6. Interplay Between n-3 and n-6 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and the Endocannabinoid System in Brain Protection and Repair.

    PubMed

    Dyall, Simon C

    2017-11-01

    The brain is enriched in arachidonic acid (ARA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) of the n-6 and n-3 series, respectively. Both are essential for optimal brain development and function. Dietary enrichment with DHA and other long-chain n-3 PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), has shown beneficial effects on learning and memory, neuroinflammatory processes, and synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis. ARA, DHA and EPA are precursors to a diverse repertoire of bioactive lipid mediators, including endocannabinoids. The endocannabinoid system comprises cannabinoid receptors, their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, and their biosynthetic and degradation enzymes. Anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) are the most widely studied endocannabinoids and are both derived from phospholipid-bound ARA. The endocannabinoid system also has well-established roles in neuroinflammation, synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis, suggesting an overlap in the neuroprotective effects observed with these different classes of lipids. Indeed, growing evidence suggests a complex interplay between n-3 and n-6 LCPUFA and the endocannabinoid system. For example, long-term DHA and EPA supplementation reduces AEA and 2-AG levels, with reciprocal increases in levels of the analogous endocannabinoid-like DHA and EPA-derived molecules. This review summarises current evidence of this interplay and discusses the therapeutic potential for brain protection and repair.

  7. Novel n-3 Immunoresolvents: Structures and Actions

    PubMed Central

    Dalli, Jesmond; Colas, Romain A.; Serhan, Charles N.

    2013-01-01

    Resolution of inflammation is now held to be an active process where autacoids promote homeostasis. Using functional-metabololipidomics and in vivo systems, herein we report that endogenous n-3 docosapentaenoic (DPA) acid is converted during inflammation-resolution in mice and by human leukocytes to novel n-3 products congenerous to D-series resolvins (Rv), protectins (PD) and maresins (MaR), termed specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPM). The new n-3 DPA structures include 7,8,17-trihydroxy-9,11,13,15E,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (RvD1n-3 DPA), 7,14-dihydroxy-8,10,12,16Z,19Z-docosapentaenoic acid (MaR1n-3 DPA) and related bioactive products. Each n-3 DPA-SPM displayed protective actions from second organ injury and reduced systemic inflammation in ischemia-reperfusion. The n-3 DPA-SPM, including RvD1n-3 DPA and MaR1n-3 DPA, each exerted potent leukocyte directed actions in vivo. With human leukocytes each n-3 DPA-SPM reduced neutrophil chemotaxis, adhesion and enhanced macrophage phagocytosis. Together, these findings demonstrate that n-3 DPA is converted to novel immunoresolvents with actions comparable to resolvins and are likely produced in humans when n-3 DPA is elevated. PMID:23736886

  8. The effect of topical diclofenac 3% and calcitriol 3 μg/g on superficial basal cell carcinoma (sBCC) and nodular basal cell carcinoma (nBCC): A phase II, randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Brinkhuizen, Tjinta; Frencken, Kiki J A; Nelemans, Patty J; Hoff, Marlou L S; Kelleners-Smeets, Nicole W J; Zur Hausen, Axel; van der Horst, Michiel P J; Rennspiess, Dorit; Winnepenninckx, Véronique J L; van Steensel, Maurice A M; Mosterd, Klara

    2016-07-01

    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and vitamin-D derivatives can target signaling pathways activated in basal cell carcinoma (BCC). We investigated the efficacy of topically applied diclofenac sodium 3% gel, calcitriol 3 μg/g ointment, and a combination of both in superficial BCC (sBCC) and nodular BCC. Patients with a primary, histologically proven sBCC (n = 64) or nodular BCC (n = 64) were randomized to topical diclofenac, calcitriol, combination of both, or no topical treatment (control group). After self-application twice daily under occlusion (8 weeks), tumors were excised. Primary outcome was posttreatment expression levels of proliferation (Ki-67) and antiapoptosis (B-cell lymphoma [Bcl-2]) immunohistochemical markers. Secondary outcomes were histologic clearance, adverse events, application-site reactions, and patient compliance. sBCC treated with diclofenac showed a significant decrease in Ki-67 (P < .001) and Bcl-2 (P = .001), and after combination therapy for Ki-67 (P = .012). Complete histologic tumor regression was seen in 64.3% (P = .0003) of sBCC (diclofenac) and 43.8% (P = .007) of sBCC (combination therapy) compared with 0.0% of controls. No significant changes were found in nodular BCC. Application-site reactions were mostly mild to moderate. The sample size was small. Our results suggest that topical diclofenac is a promising new treatment for sBCC. Its mode of action differs from available noninvasive therapies, and thus has an additive value. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Major Groove Orientation of the (2S)-N6-(2-Hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)-2′-deoxyadenosine DNA Adduct Induced by 1,2-Epoxy-3-butene

    PubMed Central

    2015-01-01

    1,3-Butadiene (BD) is an environmental and occupational toxicant classified as a human carcinogen. It is oxidized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases to 1,2-epoxy-3-butene (EB), which alkylates DNA. BD exposures lead to large numbers of mutations at A:T base pairs even though alkylation of guanines is more prevalent, suggesting that one or more adenine adducts of BD play a role in BD-mediated genotoxicity. However, the etiology of BD-mediated genotoxicity at adenine remains poorly understood. EB alkylates the N6 exocyclic nitrogen of adenine to form N6-(hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)-2′-dA ((2S)-N6-HB-dA) adducts (TretyakovaN., LinY., SangaiahR., UptonP. B., and SwenbergJ. A. (1997) Carcinogenesis18, 137−1479054600). The structure of the (2S)-N6-HB-dA adduct has been determined in the 5′-d(C1G2G3A4C5Y6A7G8A9A10G11)-3′:5′-d(C12T13T14C15T16T17G18T19 C20C21G22)-3′ duplex [Y = (2S)-N6-HB-dA] containing codon 61 (underlined) of the human N-ras protooncogene, from NMR spectroscopy. The (2S)-N6-HB-dA adduct was positioned in the major groove, such that the butadiene moiety was oriented in the 3′ direction. At the Cα carbon, the methylene protons of the modified nucleobase Y6 faced the 5′ direction, which placed the Cβ carbon in the 3′ direction. The Cβ hydroxyl group faced toward the solvent, as did carbons Cγ and Cδ. The Cβ hydroxyl group did not form hydrogen bonds with either T16O4 or T17O4. The (2S)-N6-HB-dA nucleoside maintained the anti conformation about the glycosyl bond, and the modified base retained Watson–Crick base pairing with the complementary base (T17). The adduct perturbed stacking interactions at base pairs C5:G18, Y6:T17, and A7:T16 such that the Y6 base did not stack with its 5′ neighbor C5, but it did with its 3′ neighbor A7. The complementary thymine T17 stacked well with both 5′ and 3′ neighbors T16 and G18. The presence of the (2S)-N6-HB-dA resulted in a 5 °C reduction in the Tm of the duplex, which is attributed to less

  10. N-S crustal shear system in the Bundelkhand massif: A unique crustal evolution signature in the northern Indian peninsula

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, S. P.; Bhattacharya, A. R.

    2017-12-01

    The Bundelkhand massif, located in the northern part of the Indian shield, is a poly-deformed and poly-metamorphic terrain. This paper reports a new shear system developed throughout the massif in the form of N-S trending quartz veins that are sometimes quartzo-feldspathic and rarely granitic in composition. The veins are vertical and commonly occur in conjugate sets. This tectono-magmatic event appears to represent the youngest shear system of the massif as it cross-cuts all the earlier shear systems (E-W, NE-SE and NW-SE). Emplacement of this N-S vein system may have taken place due to extensional processes that developed some cracks along which siliceous magma was vertically emplaced. The complete absence of signature of the N-S event from the surrounding sedimentary cover of Vindhyan Supergroup, Bijawar and Gwalior Groups suggests that this shear system is pre-tectonic to the nearly E-W trending passive basins developed at the margins of the Bundelkhand craton. Further, several workers have considered the Bundelkhand massif as a part of the Aravalli craton. However, due to the absence of N-S, as well as the other (i.e., E-W, NW-SE and NW-SE), tectonic fabrics of the Bundelkhand massif in other cratons of the Peninsular India, and vice versa, makes the Bundelkhand block a separate and unique craton of its own and is not part of the Aravalli craton.

  11. Isometry group orbit quantization of spinning strings in AdS3 × S3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Heinze, Martin; Jorjadze, George; Megrelidze, Luka

    2015-03-01

    Describing the bosonic AdS3 × S3 particle and string in SU(1,1) × SU(2) group variables, we provide a Hamiltonian treatment of the isometry group orbits of solutions via analysis of the pre-symplectic form. For the particle we obtain a one-parameter family of orbits parameterized by creation-annihilation variables, which leads to the Holstein-Primakoff realization of the isometry group generators. The scheme is then applied to spinning string solutions characterized by one winding number in AdS3 and two winding numbers in S3. We find a two-parameter family of orbits, where quantization again provides the Holstein-Primakoff realization of the symmetry generators with an oscillator-type energy spectrum. Analyzing the minimal energy at strong coupling, we verify the spectrum of short strings at special values of winding numbers.

  12. Spectral and Photophysical Behavior of Cytisine in n-Hexane. Experimental Evidence for the S1(n,π*) → S0 Fluorescence.

    PubMed

    Krystkowiak, Ewa; Przybył, Anna K; Bayda, Małgorzata; Józkowiak, Julia; Maciejewski, Andrzej

    2017-08-03

    Spectral and photophysical properties of (-)-cytisine (the compound used as a smoking cessation aid and a potential drug in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases) were investigated. The two conformers of cytisine, whose presence in the S 0 state has been earlier proved by the NMR and IR methods as well as in theoretical calculation, in nonpolar n-hexane show a rarely observed prompt fluorescence from the S 1 (n,π*) excited state. This observation is unambiguously evidenced by very small radiative rate constants of these two emitting conformers, k F = 7.4 × 10 5 and 3.0 × 10 5 s -1 . Their lifetimes in the S 1 (n,π*) state are relatively long, τ S 1 = 1.9 and 6.7 ns; therefore, their fluorescence quantum yield is relatively high ϕ F ∼ 10 -3 . The long-wavelength band in the cytisine absorption originates from the excitation to the S 2 (π,π*) state, while the S 1 (n,π*) state is not observed in this spectrum. Thus, the excited state S 2 (π,π*) is manifested only in the absorption spectrum, while the excited state S 1 (n,π*) is seen only in the fluorescence spectrum, so cytisine in n-hexane is characterized by close lying (n,π*) and (π,π*) excited singlet states.

  13. Molten salt-mediated formation of g-C3N4-MoS2 for visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Ni; Zhou, Jing; Sheng, Ziqiong; Xiao, Wei

    2018-02-01

    Construction of two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) hybrid with well-defined composition and microstructure is a general protocol to achieve high-performance catalysts. We herein report preparation of g-C3N4-MoS2 hybrid by pyrolysis of affordable melamine and (NH4)2MoS4 in molten LiCl-NaCl-KCl at 550 °C. Molten salts are confirmed as ideal reaction media for formation of homogeneous hybrid. Characterizations suggest a strong interaction between g-C3N4 and MoS2 in the hybrid, which results in an enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic hydrogen generation of the hybrid with an optimal g-C3N4/MoS2 ratio. The present study highlights the merits of molten salt methods on preparation of 2D photocatalysts and provides a rational design of 2D/2D hybrid catalysts for advanced environmental and energy applications.

  14. Distributed optical fiber temperature sensor (DOFTS) system applied to automatic temperature alarm of coal mine and tunnel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Zaixuan; Wang, Kequan; Kim, Insoo S.; Wang, Jianfeng; Feng, Haiqi; Guo, Ning; Yu, Xiangdong; Zhou, Bangquan; Wu, Xiaobiao; Kim, Yohee

    2000-05-01

    The DOFTS system that has applied to temperature automatically alarm system of coal mine and tunnel has been researched. It is a real-time, on line and multi-point measurement system. The wavelength of LD is 1550 nm, on the 6 km optical fiber, 3000 points temperature signal is sampled and the spatial position is certain. Temperature measured region: -50 degree(s)C--100 degree(s)C; measured uncertain value: +/- 3 degree(s)C; temperature resolution: 0.1 degree(s)C; spatial resolution: <5 cm (optical fiber sensor probe); <8 m (spread optical fiber); measured time: <70 s. In the paper, the operated principles, underground test, test content and practical test results have been discussed.

  15. Design and synthesis of highly potent benzodiazepine gamma-secretase inhibitors: preparation of (2S,3R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4- hydroxy-N-((3S)-1-methyl-2-oxo-5- phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]-diazepin-3-yl)butyramide by use of an asymmetric Ireland-Claisen rearrangement.

    PubMed

    Churcher, Ian; Williams, Susie; Kerrad, Sonia; Harrison, Timothy; Castro, José L; Shearman, Mark S; Lewis, Huw D; Clarke, Earl E; Wrigley, Jonathan D J; Beher, Dirk; Tang, Yui S; Liu, Wensheng

    2003-06-05

    Novel benzodiazepine-containing gamma-secretase inhibitors for potential use in Alzheimer's disease have been designed that incorporate a substituted hydrocinnamide C-3 side chain. A syn combination of alpha-alkyl or aryl and beta-hydroxy or hydroxymethyl substituents was shown to give highly potent compounds. In particular, (2S,3R)-3-(3,4-difluorophenyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-hydroxy-N-((3S)-2-oxo-5-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepin-3-yl)butyramide (34) demonstrated excellent in vitro potency (IC(50) = 0.06 nM). 34 could also be selectively methylated to give [(3)H]-28, which is of use in radioligand binding assays.

  16. N = (2,0) self-dual non-Abelian tensor multiplet in D = 3 + 3 generates N = (1,1) self-dual systems in D = 2 + 2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nishino, Hitoshi; Rajpoot, Subhash

    2018-03-01

    We formulate an N = (2 , 0) system in D = 3 + 3 dimensions consisting of a Yang-Mills (YM)-multiplet (ˆ μ ˆ IA, λˆI), a self-dual non-Abelian tensor multiplet (ˆ μ ˆ ν ˆ IB, χˆI ,φˆI), and an extra vector multiplet (C ˆ μ ˆ IC, ρˆI). We next perform the dimensional reductions of this system into D = 2 + 2, and obtain N = (1 , 1) systems with a self-dual YM-multiplet (AIμ ,λI), a self-dual tensor multiplet (BIμν , χI , φI), and an extra vector multiplet (CIμ , ρI). In D = 2 + 2, we reach two distinct theories: 'Theory-I' and 'Theory-II'. The former has the self-dual field-strength Hμν(+)I of CIμ already presented in our recent paper, while the latter has anti-self-dual field strength Hμν(-)I. As an application, we show that Theory-II actually generates supersymmetric-KdV equations in D = 1 + 1. Our result leads to a new conclusion that the D = 3 + 3 theory with non-Abelian tensor multiplet can be a 'Grand Master Theory' for self-dual multiplet and self-dual YM-multiplet in D = 2 + 2, that in turn has been conjectured to be the 'Master Theory' for all supersymmetric integrable theories in D ≤ 3.

  17. ELOVL4 protein preferentially elongates 20:5n3 to very long chain PUFAs over 20:4n6 and 22:6n3[S

    PubMed Central

    Yu, Man; Benham, Aaron; Logan, Sreemathi; Brush, R. Steven; Mandal, Md Nawajes A.; Anderson, Robert E.; Agbaga, Martin-Paul

    2012-01-01

    We hypothesized that reduction/loss of very long chain PUFAs (VLC-PUFAs) due to mutations in the ELOngase of very long chain fatty acid-4 (ELOVL4) protein contributes to retinal degeneration in autosomal dominant Stargardt-like macular dystrophy (STGD3) and age-related macular degeneration; hence, increasing VLC-PUFA in the retina of these patients could provide some therapeutic benefits. Thus, we tested the efficiency of elongation of C20-C22 PUFA by the ELOVL4 protein to determine which substrates are the best precursors for biosynthesis of VLC-PUFA. The ELOVL4 protein was expressed in pheochromocytoma cells, while green fluorescent protein-expressing and nontransduced cells served as controls. The cells were treated with 20:5n3, 22:6n3, and 20:4n6, either individually or in equal combinations. Both transduced and control cells internalized and elongated the supplemented FAs to C22-C26 precursors. Only ELOVL4-expressing cells synthesized C28-C38 VLC-PUFA from these precursors. In general, 20:5n3 was more efficiently elongated to VLC-PUFA in the ELOVL4-expressing cells, regardless of whether it was in combination with 22:6n3 or with 20:4n6. In each FA treatment group, C34 and C36 VLC-PUFAs were the predominant VLC-PUFAs in the ELOVL4-expressing cells. In summary, 20:5n3, followed by 20:4n6, seems to be the best precursor for boosting the synthesis of VLC-PUFA by ELOVL4 protein. PMID:22158834

  18. Stabilization of high-valent Fe(IV)S6-cores by dithiocarbamate(1-) and 1,2-dithiolate(2-) ligands in octahedral [Fe(IV)(Et2dtc)(3-n)(mnt)(n)]((n-1)-) complexes (n=0, 1, 2, 3): a spectroscopic and density functional theory computational study.

    PubMed

    Milsmann, Carsten; Sproules, Stephen; Bill, Eckhard; Weyhermüller, Thomas; George, Serena DeBeer; Wieghardt, Karl

    2010-03-22

    A detailed spectroscopic and quantum chemical analysis is presented to elucidate the electronic structures of the octahedral complexes [Fe(Et(2)dtc)(3-n)(mnt)(n)](n-) (1-4, n=3, 2, 1, 0) and their one-electron oxidized analogues [Fe(Et(2)dtc)(3-n)(mnt)(n)]((n-1)-) (1(ox)-4(ox)); (mnt)(2-) represents maleonitriledithiolate(2-) and (Et(2)dtc)(1-) is the diethyldithiocarbamato(1-) ligand. By using X-ray crystallography, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and Fe and S K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) it is convincingly shown that, in contrast to our previous studies on [Fe(cyclam)(mnt)](1+) (cyclam=1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane), the oxidation of 1-4 is metal-centered yielding the genuine Fe(IV) complexes 1(ox)-4(ox). For the latter complexes, a spin ground state of S=1 has been established by magnetic susceptibility measurements, which indicates a low-spin d(4) configuration. DFT calculations at the B3LYP level support this electronic structure and exclude the presence of a ligand pi radical coordinated to an intermediate-spin ferric ion. Mössbauer parameters and XAS spectra have been calculated to calibrate our computational results against the experiment. Finally, a simple ligand-field approach is presented to correlate the structural features obtained from X-ray crystallography (100 K) with the spectroscopic data.

  19. Bis(N'-{(E)-[(2E)-1,3-di-phenyl-prop-2-en-1-yl-idene]amino}-N-ethyl-carbamimido-thio-ato-κ2N',S)zinc(II): crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis.

    PubMed

    Tan, Ming Yueh; Crouse, Karen A; Ravoof, Thahira B S A; Jotani, Mukesh M; Tiekink, Edward R T

    2017-07-01

    The title Zn II complex, [Zn(C 18 H 18 N 3 S) 2 ], (I), features two independent but chemically equivalent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. In each, the thio-semicarbazonate monoanion coordinates the Zn II atom via the thiol-ate-S and imine-N atoms, with the resulting N 2 S 2 donor set defining a distorted tetra-hedral geometry. The five-membered ZnSCN 2 chelate rings adopt distinct conformations in each independent mol-ecule, i.e. one ring is almost planar while the other is twisted about the Zn-S bond. In the crystal, the two mol-ecules comprising the asymmetric unit are linked by amine-N-H⋯N(imine) and amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds via an eight-membered heterosynthon, {⋯HNCN⋯HNCS}. The dimeric aggregates are further consolidated by benzene-C-H⋯S(thiol-ate) inter-actions and are linked into a zigzag supra-molecular chain along the c axis via amine-N-H⋯S(thiol-ate) hydrogen bonds. The chains are connected into a three-dimensional architecture via phenyl-C-H⋯π(phen-yl) and π-π inter-actions, the latter occurring between chelate and phenyl rings [inter-centroid separation = 3.6873 (11) Å]. The analysis of the Hirshfeld surfaces calculated for (I) emphasizes the different inter-actions formed by the independent mol-ecules in the crystal and the impact of the π-π inter-actions between chelate and phenyl rings.

  20. Fabrication of a 3D Hierarchical Sandwich Co9 S8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS2 Nanowire Architectures as Advanced Electrode Material for High Performance Hybrid Supercapacitors.

    PubMed

    Kandula, Syam; Shrestha, Khem Raj; Kim, Nam Hoon; Lee, Joong Hee

    2018-06-01

    Supercapacitors suffer from lack of energy density and impulse the energy density limit, so a new class of hybrid electrode materials with promising architectures is strongly desirable. Here, the rational design of a 3D hierarchical sandwich Co 9 S 8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS 2 nanowire architecture is achieved during the hydrothermal sulphurization reaction by the conversion of binary mesoporous metal oxide core to corresponding individual metal sulphides core along with the formation of outer metal sulphide shell at the same time. Benefiting from the 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture, Co 9 S 8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS 2 electrode exhibits enhanced electrochemical performance with high specific capacity/capacitance of 306 mA h g -1 /1938 F g -1 at 1 A g -1 , and excellent cycling stability with a specific capacity retention of 86.9% after 10 000 cycles at 10 A g -1 . Moreover, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor device using Co 9 S 8 /α-MnS@N-C@MoS 2 as the positive electrode and nitrogen doped graphene as the negative electrode demonstrates high energy density of 64.2 Wh kg -1 at 729.2 W kg -1 , and a promising energy density of 23.5 Wh kg -1 is still attained at a high power density of 11 300 W kg -1 . The hybrid electrode with 3D hierarchical sandwich architecture promotes enhanced energy density with excellent cyclic stability for energy storage. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. Reaction of (carbonylimido)sulfur(IV) derivatives with TAS-fluoride, (Me2N)3S+Me3SiF2-.

    PubMed

    Lork, E; Viets, D; Mews, R; Oberhammer, H

    2000-10-16

    In the reaction of TAS-fluoride, (Me2N)3S+Me3SiF2-, with carbonyl sulfur difluoride imides RC(O)NSF2 (R = F, CF3), C-N bond, cleavage is observed, and TAS+RC(O)F2- and NSF are the final products. From TASF and RC(O)NS(CF3)F, the salts TAS+RC(O)NS(CF3)F2- (R = F (14), CF3 (15)), with psi-pentacoordinate sulfur centers in the anions, are formed. An X-ray structure investigation of 14 shows that the fluorine atoms occupy axial positions and CF3, NC(O)F, and the sulfur lone pair occupy equatorial positions of the trigonal bipyramid. The -C(O)F group lies in the equatorial plane with the CO bond synperiplanar to the SN bond. According to B3LYP calculations, this structure corresponds to a global minimum and the expected axial orientation of the -C(O)F group represents a transition state. Calculations for the unstable FC(O)NSF3- anion show a different geometry. The -C(O)F group deviates 40 degrees from axial orientation, and the equatorially bonded fluorine is, in contrast to the -CF3 group in 14, syn positioned.

  2. Use of Single-Layer g-C3N4/Ag Hybrids for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)

    PubMed Central

    Jiang, Jizhou; Zou, Jing; Wee, Andrew Thye Shen; Zhang, Wenjing

    2016-01-01

    Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrates with high activity and stability are desirable for SERS sensing. Here, we report a new single atomic layer graphitic-C3N4 (S-g-C3N4) and Ag nanoparticles (NPs) hybrid as high-performance SERS substrates. The SERS mechanism of the highly stable S-g-C3N4/Ag substrates was systematically investigated by a combination of experiments and theoretical calculations. From the results of XPS and Raman spectroscopies, it was found that there was a strong interaction between S-g-C3N4 and Ag NPs, which facilitates the uniform distribution of Ag NPs over the edges and surfaces of S-g-C3N4 nanosheets, and induces a charge transfer from S-g-C3N4 to the oxidizing agent through the silver surface, ultimately protecting Ag NPs from oxidation. Based on the theoretical calculations, we found that the net surface charge of the Ag atoms on the S-g-C3N4/Ag substrates was positive and the Ag NPs presented high dispersibility, suggesting that the Ag atoms on the S-g-C3N4/Ag substrates were not likely to be oxidized, thereby ensuring the high stability of the S-g-C3N4/Ag substrate. An understanding of the stability mechanism in this system can be helpful for developing other effective SERS substrates with long-term stability. PMID:27687573

  3. Thermodynamics of GaN(s)-NH3(v)+N2(v)+H2(v) system - Electronic aspects of the processes at GaN(0001) surface

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kempisty, Pawel; Strak, Pawel; Sakowski, Konrad; Krukowski, Stanislaw

    2017-08-01

    Comprehensive analysis of GaN(0001) surface in equilibrium with ammonia/hydrogen mixture was undertaken using results of ab initio calculations. Adsorption energies of the species derived from ammonia and molecular hydrogen and their stable sites were obtained. It was shown that the adsorption process type and energy depend on the position of Fermi level at the surface. Hydrogen decomposes into two separate H atoms, always adsorbed in the positions on top of the surface Ga atoms (On-top). Ammonia adsorption at GaN(0001) surface proceeds molecularly to ammonia in the On-top position or dissociatively into NH2 radicals in bridge (NH2-bridge) or On-top positions or into NH radicals in H3 (NH-H3) site. Presence of these species affects Fermi level pinning at the surface due to creation of new surface states. The Fermi level pinning in function of the surface attached species concentration was determined using extended electron counting rule (EECR). Results of ab initio calculations fully proved validity of the EECR predictions. Thermodynamic analysis of the surface in equilibrium with molecular hydrogen and ammonia vapor mixture is made giving the range of ammonia and hydrogen pressures, corresponding to Fermi level pinned at Ga-broken bond state for NH-H3&H and NH3&H and NH2-bridge&H coverage and at VBM for NH3 & H coverage. As the region of Fermi level pinned at Ga broken bond state corresponds to very low pressures, at pressures close to normal, GaN(0001) surface is almost totally covered by H, NH3 and NH2 located in On-top positions. It is also shown however that dominant portion of the hydrogen and ammonia pressures corresponds to Fermi level not pinned. Among them are these corresponding to MOVPE and HVPE growth conditions in which the surface is almost fully covered by NH3, NH2 and H species in On-top positions.

  4. AsS-Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/ and AsS-Tl/sub 2/S systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vorob'ev, Yu.I.; Velikova, N.G.; Kirilenko, V.V.

    1987-11-01

    Using DTA and XPA as well as microstructural analysis and microhardness measurements, the AsS-Tl/sub 3/AsS/sub 4/ and AsS-Tl/sub 2/S phase diagrams are studied. Two new ternary compounds, Tl/sub 2/As/sub 3/S/sub 4/ and Tl/sub 2/As/sub 2/S/sub 3/, are revealed and their interplanar distances are calculated.

  5. Photochemical synthesis of the Fe0/C3N4/MoS2 heterostructure as a highly active and reusable photocatalyst

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Xiu; Zhou, Zhiming; Liang, Zhiyu; Zhuang, Zanyong; Yu, Yan

    2017-11-01

    The Fe0/C3N4/MoS2 heterostructure was fabricated through photochemical synthesis that was free of NaBH4. Specifically, the g-C3N4/MoS2 (GCNM) composite was used as the substrate. Visible light excited the electrons from the valence band of the GCNM in the substrate, and the excited electrons reduced the Fe2+ ions in the solution nearby GCNM to Fe0 and then created the Fe0/C3N4/MoS2 heterostructure. Small Fe0 (<9 nm) dots well dispersed on the GCNM surface were obtained, because the diffusion of the Fe ions in the solution and the diffusion of the electrons on the GCNM substrate restricted the growth of Fe0 nanoparticles. The smaller size of Fe0 provided a larger number of active metal centers and improved the carrier separation efficiency. As a result, the Fe0/C3N4/MoS2 heterostructure exhibited superior catalytic properties in the redox reactions of rhodamine B, Cr(VI), Pb(II), and Cd(II). It could also be readily recycled without severe loss of catalytic performance.

  6. Photorechargeable High Voltage Redox Battery Enabled by Ta3 N5 and GaN/Si Dual-Photoelectrode.

    PubMed

    Cheng, Qingmei; Fan, Weiqiang; He, Yumin; Ma, Peiyan; Vanka, Srinivas; Fan, Shizhao; Mi, Zetian; Wang, Dunwei

    2017-07-01

    Solar rechargeable battery combines the advantages of photoelectrochemical devices and batteries and has emerged as an attractive alternative to artificial photosynthesis for large-scale solar energy harvesting and storage. Due to the low photovoltages by the photoelectrodes, however, most previous demonstrations of unassisted photocharge have been realized on systems with low open circuit potentials (<0.8 V). In response to this critical challenge, here it is shown that the combined photovoltages exceeding 1.4 V can be obtained using a Ta 3 N 5 nanotube photoanode and a GaN nanowire/Si photocathode with high photocurrents (>5 mA cm -2 ). The photoelectrode system makes it possible to operate a 1.2 V alkaline anthraquinone/ferrocyanide redox battery with a high ideal solar-to-chemical conversion efficiency of 3.0% without externally applied potentials. Importantly, the photocharged battery is successfully discharged with a high voltage output. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  7. Bis(O-ethyl dithio­carbonato-κ2 S,S′)bis­(pyridine-3-carbonitrile-κN 1)nickel(II)

    PubMed Central

    Kapoor, Sanjay; Kour, Ramandeep; Sachar, Renu; Kant, Rajni; Gupta, Vivek K.; Kapoor, Kamini

    2012-01-01

    The Ni2+ ion in the title complex, [Ni(C3H5OS2)2(C6H4N2)2], is in a strongly distorted octa­hedral coordination environment formed by an N2S4 donor set, with the Ni2+ ion located on a centre of inversion. In the crystal, weak C—H⋯S and C—H⋯N inter­actions are observed. PMID:22259356

  8. Fabrication of Bi modified Bi2S3 pillared g-C3N4 photocatalyst and its efficient photocatalytic reduction and oxidation performances

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Dongdong; Fang, Jianzhang; Lu, Shaoyou; Zhou, GuangYing; Feng, Weihua; Yang, Fan; Chen, Yi; Fang, ZhanQiang

    2017-12-01

    A novel efficient Bi modified Bi2S3 pillared g-C3N4 (BBC) plasmonic semiconductor photocatalyst has been successfully developed in a mixed solvothermal environment. The photocatalytic abilities of the as-prepared samples are examined by the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of tetracycline (TC). And the chemical composition, structure, morphology and photo-absorption properties of the photocatalysts have been investigated by XRD, FT-IR, XPS, TEM, HRTEM and DRS methods, respectively. It is found that the addition of triethanolamine (TEA) results in the formation of the pillared-g-C3N4 (PG) nanostructure. The agglomeration of g-C3N4 nanosheets moiety and Bi2S3 nanorods moiety can be both hindered effectively by the special PG structure. And the photocatalytic results indicate that BBC exhibits the best photoreduction and photooxidation performances among all the samples, and meanwhile possesses superior photo-stability during the recycling runs. The enhanced photocatalytic activity of BBC could be ascribed to the furtherance of charge separation, localized surface plasma resonance (SPR) effect of metallic Bi and the excellent reaction interface. Finally, a tentative mechanism of BBC for photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) and oxidation of TC is discussed in detail.

  9. 34 CFR 608.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 608.3 Section 608.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION... What regulations apply? The following regulations apply to this part: (a) The Department of Education...

  10. 34 CFR 386.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 386.3 Section 386.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND... General § 386.3 What regulations apply? The following regulations apply to the Rehabilitation Training...

  11. 34 CFR 386.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations apply? 386.3 Section 386.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND... General § 386.3 What regulations apply? The following regulations apply to the Rehabilitation Training...

  12. Trajectory calculations of two-dimensional Penning ionization electron spectra of N 2 in collision with metastable He* 2 3S atoms

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ohno, Koichi; Yamazaki, Masakazu; Kishimoto, Naoki; Ogawa, Tetsuji; Takeshita, Kouichi

    2000-12-01

    Ionization cross-sections of N 2 in collision with He* 2 3S as functions of the collision energy and the ejected electron kinetic energy (two-dimensional Penning ionization electron spectra, 2D-PIES) have been evaluated by trajectory calculations based on quantum chemical potential surfaces of both entrance and exit channels as well as on the transition widths for producing X, A, and B states of N 2+. The present approach using a Li atom for He * and an overlap approximation for Γ has given theoretical 2D-PIES in good agreement with the observation and a promise for its application to the study of dynamics in collisional ionization involving highly anisotropic target systems.

  13. 34 CFR 110.3 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What definitions apply? 110.3 Section 110.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE FOR CIVIL RIGHTS, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION....3 What definitions apply? The following definitions apply to these regulations: Act means the Age...

  14. Decoration of mesoporous Co3O4 nanospheres assembled by monocrystal nanodots on g-C3N4 to construct Z-scheme system for improving photocatalytic performance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Haijun; Li, Chunmei; Che, Huinan; Hu, Hao; Hu, Wei; Liu, Chunbo; Ai, Junzhe; Dong, Hongjun

    2018-05-01

    The Co3O4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme system is constructed by decoration of mesoporous Co3O4 nanospheres assembled by monocrystal nanodots on the surface of g-C3N4, which dramatically improves the photocatalytic activity for degrading tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) compared with single g-C3N4. The microstructure investigations evidence the mesoporous structure and enlarged specific surface area of Co3O4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme system, which implies the increase of surface active sites and adsorption ability for reactant molecules. Moreover, by virtue of analyzing physical and photoelectrochemical properties, it evidences that the decoration effect of mesoporous Co3O4 nanospheres on the surface of g-C3N4 obviously improves the transfer and separation efficiency of charge carriers between two phase interfaces and broadens light harvest range. These important factors are beneficial to enhancing photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/g-C3N4 Z-scheme system. In addition, the photocatalityc reaction mechanism is also revealed in depth.

  15. Assessment of the best N(3-) donors in preparation of [M(N)(PNP)]-based (M=(99m)Tc-; (188)Re) target-specific radiopharmaceuticals: Comparison among succinic dihydrazide (SDH), N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HDTCZ) and PEGylated N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HO2C-PEG600-DTCZ).

    PubMed

    Carta, Davide; Jentschel, Christian; Thieme, Stefan; Salvarese, Nicola; Morellato, Nicolò; Refosco, Fiorenzo; Ruzza, Paolo; Bergmann, Ralf; Pietzsch, Hans-Jurgen; Bolzati, Cristina

    2014-08-01

    Succinic dihydrazide (SDH), N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HDTCZ) and PEGylated N-methyl-S-methyl dithiocarbazate (HO2C-PEG600-DTCZ) are nitrido nitrogen atom donors employed for the preparation of nitride [M(N)]-complexes (M=(99m)Tc and (188)Re). This study aims to compare the capability and the efficiency of these three N(3-) group donors, in the preparation of [M(N)PNP]-based target-specific compounds (M=(99m)Tc, (188)Re; PNP=aminodiphosphine). For this purpose, three different kit formulations (SDH kit; HO2C-PEG600-DTCZ kit; HDTCZ kit) were assembled and used in the preparation of [M(N)(cys~)(PNP3)](0/+) complexes (cys~=cysteine derivate ligands). For each formulation, the radiochemical yield (RCY) of the [M(N)(~cys)(PNP3)] compounds, was determined by HPLC. The deviation of the percentage of RCY, due to changes in concentration of the N(3-) donors and of the exchanging ligand, was determined. For (99m)Tc, data clearly show that HDTCZ is the most efficient donor of N(3-); however, SDH is the most suitable nitrido nitrogen atom donor for the preparation of [(99m)Tc(N)(PNP)]-based target-specific agents with high specific activity. When HO2C-PEG600-DTCZ or HDTCZ are used in N(3-) donation, high amounts of the exchanging ligand (10(-4)M) were required for the formation of the final complex in acceptable yield. The possibility to use microgram amounts of HDTCZ also in [(188)Re(N)] preparation (0.050mg) reduces its ability to compete in ligand exchange reactions, minimizing the quantity of chelators required to obtain the final complex in high yield. This finding can be exploit for increasing the radiolabeling efficiency in [(188)Re(N)]-radiopharmaceutical preparations compared to the previously reported HDTCZ-based procedure, notwithstanding a purification process could be necessary to improve the specific activity of the complexes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. Acute effect of intravenously applied alcohol in the human striatal and extrastriatal D2 /D3 dopamine system.

    PubMed

    Pfeifer, Philippe; Tüscher, Oliver; Buchholz, Hans Georg; Gründer, Gerhard; Vernaleken, Ingo; Paulzen, Michael; Zimmermann, Ulrich S; Maus, Stephan; Lieb, Klaus; Eggermann, Thomas; Fehr, Christoph; Schreckenberger, Mathias

    2017-09-01

    Investigations on the acute effects of alcohol in the human mesolimbic dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptor system have yielded conflicting results. With respect to the effects of alcohol on extrastriatal D 2 /D 3 dopamine receptors no investigations have been reported yet. Therefore we applied PET imaging using the postsynaptic dopamine D 2 /D 3 receptor ligand [ 18 F]fallypride addressing the question, whether intravenously applied alcohol stimulates the extrastriatal and striatal dopamine system. We measured subjective effects of alcohol and made correlation analyses with the striatal and extrastriatal D 2 /D 3 binding potential. Twenty-four healthy male μ-opioid receptor (OPRM1)118G allele carriers underwent a standardized intravenous and placebo alcohol administration. The subjective effects of alcohol were measured with a visual analogue scale. For the evaluation of the dopamine response we calculated the binding potential (BP ND ) by using the simplified reference tissue model (SRTM). In addition, we calculated distribution volumes (target and reference regions) in 10 subjects for which metabolite corrected arterial samples were available. In the alcohol condition no significant dopamine response in terms of a reduction of BP ND was observed in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions. We found a positive correlation for 'liking' alcohol and the BP ND in extrastriatal brain regions (Inferior frontal cortex (IFC) (r = 0.533, p = 0.007), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) (r = 0.416, p = 0.043) and prefrontal cortex (PFC) (r = 0.625, p = 0.001)). The acute alcohol effects on the D 2 /D 3 dopamine receptor binding potential of the striatal and extrastriatal system in our experiment were insignificant. A positive correlation of the subjective effect of 'liking' alcohol with cortical D 2 /D 3 receptors may hint at an addiction relevant trait. © 2016 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  17. Multiscale Hy3S: hybrid stochastic simulation for supercomputers.

    PubMed

    Salis, Howard; Sotiropoulos, Vassilios; Kaznessis, Yiannis N

    2006-02-24

    Stochastic simulation has become a useful tool to both study natural biological systems and design new synthetic ones. By capturing the intrinsic molecular fluctuations of "small" systems, these simulations produce a more accurate picture of single cell dynamics, including interesting phenomena missed by deterministic methods, such as noise-induced oscillations and transitions between stable states. However, the computational cost of the original stochastic simulation algorithm can be high, motivating the use of hybrid stochastic methods. Hybrid stochastic methods partition the system into multiple subsets and describe each subset as a different representation, such as a jump Markov, Poisson, continuous Markov, or deterministic process. By applying valid approximations and self-consistently merging disparate descriptions, a method can be considerably faster, while retaining accuracy. In this paper, we describe Hy3S, a collection of multiscale simulation programs. Building on our previous work on developing novel hybrid stochastic algorithms, we have created the Hy3S software package to enable scientists and engineers to both study and design extremely large well-mixed biological systems with many thousands of reactions and chemical species. We have added adaptive stochastic numerical integrators to permit the robust simulation of dynamically stiff biological systems. In addition, Hy3S has many useful features, including embarrassingly parallelized simulations with MPI; special discrete events, such as transcriptional and translation elongation and cell division; mid-simulation perturbations in both the number of molecules of species and reaction kinetic parameters; combinatorial variation of both initial conditions and kinetic parameters to enable sensitivity analysis; use of NetCDF optimized binary format to quickly read and write large datasets; and a simple graphical user interface, written in Matlab, to help users create biological systems and analyze data. We

  18. [Effect of NH4(+) -N/NO3(-)-N ratio in applied supplementary fertilizer on nitrogen metabolism and main chemical composition of Pinellia ternata].

    PubMed

    Hu, Long-Jiao; Wang, Kang-Cai; Li, Can-Wen

    2013-07-01

    To study the effect of nitrogen forms on nitrogen metabolism and main chemical composition of Pinellia ternate. Through the soilless cultivation experiment and based at the same nitrogen level and different NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratios, nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, the content of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in different parts of P. ternate were determined. The contents of total alkaloid, free total organic acids and guanosine in the tuber were determined. The yield of bulbil and tuber was calculated. The test results showed that, with the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio increasing, the activity of nitrate reductase decreased, the content of nitrate nitrogen in the leaves, petioles and tuber increasing initially, then decreased, and the content of nitrate nitrogen in the root decreased. Meanwhile, with the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio increasing, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the leaves, petioles and root increased, the activity of glutamine synthetase in the tuber increasing initially, then decreased. The contents of ammonium nitrogen in the leaves, tuber and root increased initially, then decreased, and the contents of ammonium nitrogen in the petioles increased with the NH4(+)(-N/NO3(-)-N ratio increasing. The yield of bulbil and tuber were the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 75: 25. The content of total alkaloid and guanosine in the tuber were the highest at the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100, and the contents were 0.245% and 0.0197% respectively. With the NH4(+)-N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 50: 50, the content of free total organic acids was the highest, it reached 0.7%, however, the content of free total organic acids was the lowest at the NH4(+) -N/NO3(-) -N ratio of 0: 100. Nitrogen fertilization significant influences the nitrogen metabolism, the yield and main chemical composition of P. ternate.

  19. (LaTiO3)n/(LaVO3)n as a model system for unconventional charge transfer and polar metallicity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weng, Yakui; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Gao, Bin; Dong, Shuai

    2017-04-01

    At interfaces between oxide materials, lattice and electronic reconstructions always play important roles in exotic phenomena. In this study, the density functional theory and maximally localized Wannier functions are employed to investigate the (LaTiO3)n/(LaVO3)n magnetic superlattices. The electron transfer from Ti3 + to V3 + is predicted, which violates the intuitive band alignment based on the electronic structures of LaTiO3 and LaVO3. Such unconventional charge transfer quenches the magnetism of LaTiO3 layer mostly and leads to metal-insulator transition in the n =1 superlattice when the stacking orientation is altered. In addition, the compatibility among the polar structure, ferrimagnetism, and metallicity is predicted in the n =2 superlattice.

  20. The n-3 long-chain PUFAs modulate the impact of the GCKR Pro446Leu polymorphism on triglycerides in adolescents[S

    PubMed Central

    Rousseaux, Julien; Duhamel, Alain; Dumont, Julie; Dallongeville, Jean; Molnar, Denes; Widhalm, Kurt; Manios, Yannis; Sjöström, Michael; Kafatos, Anthony; Breidenassel, Christina; Gonzales-Gross, Marcela; Cuenca-Garcia, Magdalena; Censi, Laura; Ascensión, Marcos; De Henauw, Stefaan; Moreno, Luis A.; Meirhaeghe, Aline; Gottrand, Frédéric

    2015-01-01

    Dietary n-3 long-chain PUFAs (LC-PUFAs) are associated with improvement in the parameters of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). Glucokinase regulatory protein (GCKR) is a key protein regulating intracellular glucose disposal. Our aim was to investigate: i) the relationship between the GCKR rs1260326 (Pro446Leu) polymorphism and parameters of the MetS; and ii) a potential influence of n-3 and n-6 LC-PUFA levels on this relationship in the HELENA study (1,155 European adolescents). Linear regression analyses were performed to study the association between rs1260326 and the outcomes of interest. Interactions between rs1260326 and LC-PUFA levels on outcomes were explored. The T allele of rs1260326 was associated with higher serum TG concentrations compared with the C allele. In contrast to n-6 LC-PUFA levels, a significant interaction (P = 0.01) between rs1260326 and total n-3 LC-PUFA levels on serum TG concentrations was observed. After stratification on the n-3 LC-PUFA median values, the association between rs1260326 and TG concentration was significant only in the group with high n-3 LC-PUFA levels. In conclusion, this is the first evidence that n-3 LC-PUFAs may modulate the impact of the GCKR rs1260326 polymorphism on TG concentrations in adolescents. Several molecular mechanisms, in link with glucose uptake, could explain these findings. PMID:26136510

  1. Applied Information Systems Research Program Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1991-01-01

    The first Applied Information Systems Research Program (AISRP) Workshop provided the impetus for several groups involved in information systems to review current activities. The objectives of the workshop included: (1) to provide an open forum for interaction and discussion of information systems; (2) to promote understanding by initiating a dialogue with the intended benefactors of the program, the scientific user community, and discuss options for improving their support; (3) create an advocacy in having science users and investigators of the program meet together and establish the basis for direction and growth; and (4) support the future of the program by building collaborations and interaction to encourage an investigator working group approach for conducting the program.

  2. Pharmacokinetics of S-3-(4-acetylamino-phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionamide in rats, a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator

    PubMed Central

    KEARBEY, J. D.; WU, D.; GAO, W.; MILLER, D. D.; DALTON, J. T.

    2007-01-01

    1. S-3-(4-acetylamino-phenoxy)-2-hydroxy-2-methyl-N-(4-nitro-3-trifluoromethyl-phenyl)-propionamide (also known as S-4) is a non-steroidal selective androgen receptor modulator demonstrating tissue-selective androgenic and anabolic effects. The purpose of the present study was to examine the systemic pharmacokinetics, elimination and oral bioavailability of S-4 in rats. 2. Thirty-five male Sprague–Dawley rats weighing approximately 250 g were randomly assigned to one of seven treatment groups. Intravenous doses of 0.5, 1, 10, and 30 mg kg−1 were given via a jugular catheter. Oral doses of 1, 10 and 30 mg kg−1 were administered via gavage. Plasma concentrations were determined using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography or by a high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. 3. Clearances ranged between 1.0 and 2.1 ml min−1 kg−1 and varied with dose. The volume of distribution was approximately 0.448 l kg−1 in all treatment groups. Oral bioavailability was also dose dependent, with the lower doses showing complete oral bioavailability. The half-life of S-4 over the dose range tested was between 2.6 and 5.3 h. 4. It was demonstrated that S-4 is rapidly absorbed, slowly cleared, and has a moderate volume of distribution in rats. The pharmacokinetics and oral bioavailability of S-4 indicate that it is an excellent candidate for clinical development. PMID:15204699

  3. Synthesis and crystal structure of (S, S, S, S)-N, N′-bis[N-(P-toluenesulfonamido)-1,2-diphenylethyl]ethylenediamine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Liu, X.-G.; Zhang, T.; Hu, Y.-Y.

    2013-12-15

    (S, S, S, S)-N,N′-bis[N-(p-toluenesulfonamido)-1,2-diphenylethyl] ethylenediamine (C{sub 44}H{sub 46}N{sub 4}O{sub 4}S{sub 2}), has been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, {sup 1}H-NMR, MS, IR and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The title compound contains four chiral centers with C atoms in S configuration. Molecules are connected to one another by hydrogen bonds between sulfonamide nitrogen and sulfonyl oxygen to form chains alone a axis.

  4. Phase equilibria in the quasiternary system Ag2S-Ga2S3-In2S3 and optical properties of (Ga55In45)2S300, (Ga54.59In44.66Er0.75)2S300 single crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivashchenko, I. A.; Danyliuk, I. V.; Olekseyuk, I. D.; Pankevych, V. Z.; Halyan, V. V.

    2015-07-01

    The quasiternary system Ag2S-Ga2S3-In2S3 was investigated by differential thermal, X-ray diffraction analyses. The phase diagram of the Ga2S3-In2S3 system and nine polythermal sections, isothermal section at 820 K and the liquidus surface projection were constructed. The existence of the large solid solutions ranges of binary and ternary compounds was established. The range of the existence of the quaternary phase AgGaxIn5-xS8 (2.25≤x≤2.85) at 820 K was determined. The single crystals (Ga55In45)2S300 and (Ga54.59In44.66Er0.75)2S300 were grown by a directional crystallization method from solution-melt. Optical absorption spectra in the 500-1600 nm range were recorded. The luminescence of the (Ga54.59In44.66Er0.75)2S300 single crystal shows a maximum at 1530 nm for the excitation wavelengths of 532 and 980 nm at 80 and 300 K.

  5. Casimir force in O(n) systems with a diffuse interface.

    PubMed

    Dantchev, Daniel; Grüneberg, Daniel

    2009-04-01

    We study the behavior of the Casimir force in O(n) systems with a diffuse interface and slab geometry infinity;{d-1}xL , where 2system. We consider a system with nearest-neighbor anisotropic interaction constants J_{ parallel} parallel to the film and J_{ perpendicular} across it. We argue that in such an anisotropic system the Casimir force, the free energy, and the helicity modulus will differ from those of the corresponding isotropic system, even at the bulk critical temperature, despite that these systems both belong to the same universality class. We suggest a relation between the scaling functions pertinent to the both systems. Explicit exact analytical results for the scaling functions, as a function of the temperature T , of the free energy density, Casimir force, and the helicity modulus are derived for the n-->infinity limit of O(n) models with antiperiodic boundary conditions applied along the finite dimension L of the film. We observe that the Casimir amplitude Delta_{Casimir}(dmid R:J_{ perpendicular},J_{ parallel}) of the anisotropic d -dimensional system is related to that of the isotropic system Delta_{Casimir}(d) via Delta_{Casimir}(dmid R:J_{ perpendicular},J_{ parallel})=(J_{ perpendicular}J_{ parallel});{(d-1)2}Delta_{Casimir}(d) . For d=3 we derive the exact Casimir amplitude Delta_{Casimir}(3,mid R:J_{ perpendicular},J_{ parallel})=[Cl_{2}(pi3)3-zeta(3)(6pi)](J_{ perpendicular}J_{ parallel}) , as well as the exact scaling functions of the Casimir force and of the helicity modulus Upsilon(T,L) . We obtain that beta_{c}Upsilon(T_{c},L)=(2pi;{2})[Cl_{2}(pi3)3+7zeta(3)(30pi)](J_{ perpendicular}J_{ parallel})L;{-1} , where T_{c} is the critical temperature of the bulk system. We find that the contributions in the excess free energy due to the existence of a diffuse interface result in a repulsive Casimir force in the whole temperature region.

  6. MnS decorated N/S codoped 3D graphene which used as cathode of the lithium-sulfur battery

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Zhongtao; Xu, Rongfei; Deng, Shenzhen; Su, Xin; Wu, Wenting; Liu, Shuiping; Wu, Mingbo

    2018-03-01

    A scale-upable MnS nanocrystal decorated N/S codoped graphene nanocomposite (MNSG) for Li-S batteries has been readily synthesized through hydrothermal process and followed by thermal treatment under N2. Sulfur is loaded into nanohybrid to produce an outstanding Li-S battery cathode through integrating the advantages and avoiding the disadvantages of graphene and MnS. The optimized cathode can deliver a higher capacity of 756 m Ah g-1 at 0.5 C (1 C = 1675 mA g-1) after 200 cycles and can retain 73% of the initial capacity, which indicates a potential applicable cathode material for lithium-sulfur batteries.

  7. Highly luminescent S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots-sensitized chemiluminescence on luminol-H2 O2 system for the determination of ranitidine.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jianqiu; Shu, Juan; Chen, Jiao; Cao, Zhiran; Xiao, An; Yan, Zhengyu

    2017-05-01

    S,N co-doped carbon quantum dots (N,S-CQDs) with super high quantum yield (79%) were prepared by the hydrothermal method and characterized by transmission electron microscopy, photoluminescence, UV-Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy. N,S-CQDs can enhance the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol-H 2 O 2 system. The possible mechanism of the luminol-H 2 O 2 -(N,S-CQDs) was illustrated by using chemiluminescence, photoluminescence and ultraviolet analysis. Ranitidine can quench the chemiluminescence intensity of a luminol-H 2 O 2 -N,S-CQDs system. So, a novel flow-injection chemiluminescence method was designed to determine ranitidine within a linear range of 0.5-50 μg ml -1 and a detection limit of 0.12 μg ml -1 . The method shows promising application prospects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  8. CoMoS2/rGO/C3N4 ternary heterojunctions catalysts with high photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Xuejun; Si, Zhichun; Liu, Liping; Wang, Zehao; Chen, Ze; Ran, Rui; He, Yonghong; Weng, Duan

    2018-03-01

    Noble metal free MoS2/g-C3N4 catalyst has attracted intense attentions for visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution as a result of its earth abundance, low cost and unique heterojunctions stacked with two dimensional sheets. However, the low charge separation efficiency resulted from the poor conductivity of g-C3N4 and MoS2, and lack of abundant active sites from coordinative unsaturated atoms in MoS2, restricts the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity and stability enhancement of MoS2/C3N4 composite catalysts. Herein, CoMoS2/rGO/g-C3N4 catalysts with ternary heterojunctions are prepared by facile solvothermal method, which exhibit high visible light photocatalytic activity and stability for hydrogen evolution. The optimal hydrogen evolution rate of CoMoS2/rGO/g-C3N4 catalysts is 684 μmol g-1 h-1 when the content of CoMoS2 is 2% and the content of rGO is 0.5%. The stability of CoMoS2/rGO/C3N4 catalysts just decrease about 3% after 4 cycling runs for 16 h. The good catalytic performances of catalysts are attributed to the synergistic effect among the g-C3N4 nanosheets, rGO nanosheets and CoMoS2 nanosheets. The high conductivity of rGO nanosheets enhances the electron-hole separation and charge transfer, and Co doping increases the active sites for hydrogen evolution due to the increase of unsaturated atoms in CoMoS2 nanosheets.

  9. Microbial Degradation of Isopropyl-N-3-Chlorophenylcarbamate and 2-Chloroethyl-N-3-Chlorophenylcarbamate

    PubMed Central

    Kaufman, D. D.; Kearney, P. C.

    1965-01-01

    Microbial degradation of isopropyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CIPC) and 2-chloroethyl-N-3-chlorophenylcarbamate (CEPC) was observed in a soil perfusion system. Degradation in perfused soils, and by pure cultures of effective bacterial isolates, was demonstrated by the production of 3-chloroaniline and the subsequent liberation of free chloride ion. Identified isolates effective in degrading and utilizing CIPC as a sole source of carbon included Pseudomonas striata Chester, a Flavobacterium sp., an Agrobacterium sp., and an Achromobacter sp. Identified isolates, effective in degrading and utilizing CEPC as a sole source of carbon, included an Achromobacter sp. and an Arthrobacter sp. CIPC-effective isolates degraded CEPC more slowly than CIPC, whereas CEPC-effective isolates degraded CIPC more rapidly than CEPC. Both CIPC- and CEPC-effective isolates degraded isopropyl N-phenylcarbamate (IPC) more rapidly than either CIPC or CEPC. Images Fig. 3 PMID:14325285

  10. N-S/DSMC hybrid simulation of hypersonic flow over blunt body including wakes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Zhonghua; Li, Zhihui; Li, Haiyan; Yang, Yanguang; Jiang, Xinyu

    2014-12-01

    A hybrid N-S/DSMC method is presented and applied to solve the three-dimensional hypersonic transitional flows by employing the MPC (modular Particle-Continuum) technique based on the N-S and the DSMC method. A sub-relax technique is adopted to deal with information transfer between the N-S and the DSMC. The hypersonic flows over a 70-deg spherically blunted cone under different Kn numbers are simulated using the CFD, DSMC and hybrid N-S/DSMC method. The present computations are found in good agreement with DSMC and experimental results. The present method provides an efficient way to predict the hypersonic aerodynamics in near-continuum transitional flow regime.

  11. N = 2 S-duality revisited

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Buican, Matthew; Laczko, Zoltan; Nishinaka, Takahiro

    2017-09-01

    Using the chiral algebra bootstrap, we revisit the simplest Argyres-Douglas (AD) generalization of Argyres-Seiberg S-duality. We argue that the exotic AD superconformal field theory (SCFT), T_{3,3/2} , emerging in this duality splits into a free piece and an interacting piece, T_X , even though this factorization seems invisible in the Seiberg-Witten (SW) curve derived from the corresponding M5-brane construction. Without a Lagrangian, an associated topological field theory, a BPS spectrum, or even an SW curve, we nonetheless obtain exact information about T_X by bootstrapping its chiral algebra, {}_X(T_X) , and finding the corresponding vacuum character in terms of Affine Kac-Moody characters. By a standard 4D/2D correspondence, this result gives us the Schur index for T_X and, by studying this quantity in the limit of small S 1, we make contact with a proposed S 1 reduction. Along the way, we discuss various properties of T_X : as an N = 1 theory, it has flavor symmetry SU(3) × SU(2) × U(1), the central charge of {}_X(T_X) matches the central charge of the bc ghosts in bosonic string theory, and its global SU(2) symmetry has a Witten anomaly. This anomaly does not prevent us from building conformal manifolds out of arbitrary numbers of T_X theories (giving us a surprisingly close AD relative of Gaiotto's T N theories), but it does lead to some open questions in the context of the chiral algebra/4D N =2SCFT correspondence.

  12. Reactivity of Cubane-Type [(OC)(3)MFe(3)S(4)(SR)(3)](3-) Clusters (M = Mo, W): Interconversion with Cuboidal [Fe(3)S(4)](0) Clusters and Electron Transfer.

    PubMed

    Raebiger, James W.; Crawford, Charles A.; Zhou, Jian; Holm, R. H.

    1997-03-12

    The title clusters, several examples of which have been reported earlier, have been prepared by two different methods and subjected to structural and reactivity studies. The compounds (Et(4)N)(3)[(OC)(3)MFe(3)S(4)(Smes)(3)].MeCN (M = Mo/W) are isomorphous and crystallize in monoclinic space group P2(1)/n with a = 13.412(1)/13.297(1) Å, b = 19.0380(1)/18.9376(3) Å, c = 26.4210(1)/26.2949(1) Å, beta = 97.87(1)/97.549(1) degrees, and Z = 4. The clusters contain long M-S (2.62/2.59 Å) and M-Fe (3.22/3.19 Å) bonds, consistent with the reported structure of [(OC)(3)MoFe(3)S(4)(SEt)(3)](3-) (3). Reaction of [(OC)(3)MoFe(3)S(4)(LS(3))](3-) (7) with CO in the presence of NaPF(6) affords cuboidal [Fe(3)S(4)(LS(3))](3-) (9), also prepared in this laboratory by another route as a synthetic analogue of protein-bound [Fe(3)S(4)](0) clusters. The clusters [Fe(3)S(4)(SR)(3)](3-) (R = mes, Et), of limited stability, were generated by the same reaction. Treatment of 9 with [M(CO)(3)(MeCN)(3)] affords 7 and its M = W analogue. The clusters [(OC)(3)MFe(3)S(4)(SR)(3)](3-) form a four-member electron transfer series in which the 3- cluster can be once reduced (4-) and twice oxidized (2-, 1-) to afford clusters of the indicated charges. The correct assignment of redox couple to potential in the redox series of six clusters is presented, correcting an earlier misassignment of the redox series of 3. Carbonyl stretching frequencies are shown to be sensitive to cluster oxidation state, showing that the M sites and Fe(3)S(4) fragments are electronically coupled despite the long bond distances. (LS(3) = 1,3,5-tris((4,6-dimethyl-3-mercaptophenyl)thio)-2,4,6-tris(p-tolylthio)benzenate(3-); mes = mesityl.)

  13. Fabrication of 2D SnS2/g-C3N4 heterojunction with enhanced H2 evolution during photocatalytic water splitting.

    PubMed

    Liu, Enzhou; Chen, Jibing; Ma, Yongning; Feng, Juan; Jia, Jia; Fan, Jun; Hu, Xiaoyun

    2018-08-15

    In this work, the 2D SnS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 heterojunctions were successfully prepared by heating the homogeneous dispersion of SnS 2 nanosheets and g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets using a microwave muffle. SEM, TEM and HRTEM images indicated that the SnS 2 nanosheets were loaded on the surface of the g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. The UV-vis spectra show that the absorption intensity of the as-prepared samples was increased and the absorption range was also extended from 420 nm to approximately 600 nm. The H 2 production rate over 5 wt% SnS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 can reach 972.6 μmol·h -1 ·g -1 under visible light irradiation (λ > 420 nm) using TEOA as the sacrifice agent and Pt as the electron trap, which is 2.9 and 25.6 times higher than those of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 and SnS 2 , respectively. According to the obtained PL spectra, photocurrent and EIS spectra, the enhanced performance for H 2 generation over the heterojunctions is primarily ascribed to the rapid charge transfer arising from the suitable band gap positions leading to an improved photocatalytic performance. The recycling experiments indicated that the as-prepared composites exhibit good stability in H 2 production. Additionally, a possible enhanced mechanism for H 2 evolution was deduced based on the results obtained by various characterization techniques. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. Surface interaction of H2S, SO2, and SO3 on fullerene-like gallium nitride (GaN) nanostructure semiconductor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salimifard, M.; Rad, A. Shokuhi; Mahanpoor, K.

    2017-10-01

    Density functional theory (DFT) using MPW1PW91 and B3LYP hybrid functionals was utilized for quantum-based investigations of three major sulfur compounds (H2S, SO2, and SO3) adsorption onto fullerene-like Ga12N12 nanocluster. All chemicals showed high chemisorption with the order of SO3>SO2>>H2S. Results of charge analysis showed that during adsorption, transfer of charge is from H2S to nanocluster while reverse direction of charge transfer is found for SO2 and SO3 molecules. Partial dissociation is found for adsorbates especially for SO2 and SO3 molecules. Results of thermochemistry analysis show negative values for enthalpy and Gibbs free energy of adsorption, confirming exothermic spontaneous process. Analysis of frontier molecular orbital (FMO) showed important role of orbital hybridizing towards formation of new bonds upon adsorption. As a result, we introduce Ga12N12 nanocluster as a strong adsorbent for sulfur compounds.

  15. 3D Process-Oriented Gravity Modelling applied north of 49°S on the Argentine continental margin

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pedraza De Marchi, Ana C.; Ghidella, Marta E.; Tocho, Claudia N.

    2018-01-01

    The Process-Oriented Gravity Modelling (POGM) technique represents a useful way to distinguish the contribution that different geological processes make to the observed gravity in passive margins. The POGM is an innovative gravity modelling approach that can give us information about the role that processes such as sedimentation and magmatic underplating, together with their loading effects, may play in the evolution of a margin. In this work, the POGM methodology has been applied with in a 2D and 3D approach. 2D profiles spaced every one arc-minute in the area of the Argentine continental margin, between 38.5°S and 49°S latitude and 64°W and 50°W longitude, were used to generate the latter. The 3D POGM was also solved and the result was compared with that obtained from 2D profiles. The comparison with the observed anomaly, using the 3D approach from 2D profiles gave results with enhanced resolution. The best fit between the calculated and observed gravity anomaly is given by an effective elastic thickness of 15 km. A cortical thickness map obtained as a result of the POGM calculations shows basin areas characterized by a thinned crust and a structural variation where the continental-oceanic boundary (COB) could be indicated. Besides, results of POGM allow us to detect an alignment between the Valdés and Rawson basins and possibly a third basin as a probable aulacogen. A stretching factor analysis shows that in these basins a stretching period existed but it did not reach the stage of oceanic crust formation. A strong positive residue in the Colorado basin is shown by the flexural isostatic anomaly, suggesting that the basin may continue in subsidence.

  16. New family of lanthanide-based inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks: Ln2(OH)4[O3S(CH2)nSO3]·2H2O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; n = 3, 4) and their derivatives.

    PubMed

    Liang, Jianbo; Ma, Renzhi; Ebina, Yasuo; Geng, Fengxia; Sasaki, Takayoshi

    2013-02-18

    We report the synthesis and structure characterization of a new family of lanthanide-based inorganic-organic hybrid frameworks, Ln(2)(OH)(4)[O(3)S(CH(2))(n)SO(3)]·2H(2)O (Ln = La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm; n = 3, 4), and their oxide derivatives. Highly crystallized samples were synthesized by homogeneous precipitation of Ln(3+) ions from a solution containing α,ω-organodisulfonate salts promoted by slow hydrolysis of hexamethylenetetramine. The crystal structure solved from powder X-ray diffraction data revealed that this material comprises two-dimensional cationic lanthanide hydroxide {[Ln(OH)(2)(H(2)O)](+)}(∞) layers, which are cross-linked by α,ω-organodisulfonate ligands into a three-dimensional pillared framework. This hybrid framework can be regarded as a derivative of UCl(3)-type Ln(OH)(3) involving penetration of organic chains into two {LnO(9)} polyhedra. Substitutional modification of the lanthanide coordination promotes a 2D arrangement of the {LnO(9)} polyhedra. A new hybrid oxide, Ln(2)O(2)[O(3)S(CH(2))(n)SO(3)], which is supposed to consist of alternating {[Ln(2)O(2)](2+)}(∞) layers and α,ω-organodisulfonate ligands, can be derived from the hydroxide form upon dehydration/dehydroxylation. These hybrid frameworks provide new opportunities to engineer the interlayer chemistry of layered structures and achieve advanced functionalities coupled with the advantages of lanthanide elements.

  17. 34 CFR 660.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 660.3 Section 660.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES PROGRAM General § 660.3 What regulations apply...

  18. 34 CFR 660.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 660.3 Section 660.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES PROGRAM General § 660.3 What regulations apply...

  19. 34 CFR 661.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 661.3 Section 661.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 661.3 What regulations apply...

  20. 34 CFR 661.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 661.3 Section 661.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 661.3 What regulations apply...

  1. Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. V. Quantum measurements

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Radtke, T.; Fritzsche, S.

    2010-02-01

    . 179 (2008) 647 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: During the last decade, the field of quantum information science has largely contributed to our understanding of quantum mechanics, and has provided also new and efficient protocols that are used on quantum entanglement. To further analyze the amount and transfer of entanglement in n-qubit quantum protocols, symbolic and numerical simulations need to be handled efficiently. Solution method: Using the computer algebra system Maple, we developed a set of procedures in order to support the definition, manipulation and analysis of n-qubit quantum registers. These procedures also help to deal with (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations and measurements that act upon the quantum registers. All commands are organized in a hierarchical order and can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems, both in ideal and noisy quantum circuits. Reasons for new version: Until the present, the FEYNMAN program supported the basic data structures and operations of n-qubit quantum registers [1], a good number of separability and entanglement measures [2], quantum operations (noisy channels) [3] as well as the parametrizations of various frequently applied objects, such as (pure and mixed) quantum states, hermitian and unitary matrices or classical probability distributions [4]. With the current extension, we here add all necessary features to simulate quantum measurements, including the projective measurements in various single-qubit and the two-qubit Bell basis, and POVM measurements. Together with the previously implemented functionality, this greatly enhances the possibilities of analyzing quantum information protocols in which measurements play a central role, e.g., one-way computation. Running time: Most commands require ⩽10 seconds of processor time on a Pentium 4 processor with ⩾2 GHz RAM or newer, if they work with

  2. Microwave spectroscopy of the 1 s n p P3J fine structure of high Rydberg states in 4He

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Deller, A.; Hogan, S. D.

    2018-01-01

    The 1 s n p P3J fine structure of high Rydberg states in helium has been measured by microwave spectroscopy of single-photon transitions from 1 s n s S31 levels in pulsed supersonic beams. For states with principal quantum numbers in the range from n =34 to 36, the J =0 →2 and J =1 →2 fine structure intervals were both observed. For values of n between 45 and 51 only the larger J =0 →2 interval was resolved. The experimental results are in good agreement with theoretical predictions. Detailed characterization of residual uncanceled electric and magnetic fields in the experimental apparatus and calculations of the Stark and Zeeman structures of the Rydberg states in weak fields were used to quantify systematic contributions to the uncertainties in the measurements.

  3. Calculations of resonances parameters for the ((2s2) 1Se, (2s2p) 1,3P0) and ((3s2) 1Se, (3s3p) 1,3P0) doubly excited states of helium-like ions with Z≤10 using a complex rotation method implemented in Scilab

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gning, Youssou; Sow, Malick; Traoré, Alassane; Dieng, Matabara; Diakhate, Babacar; Biaye, Mamadi; Wagué, Ahmadou

    2015-01-01

    In the present work a special computational program Scilab (Scientific Laboratory) in the complex rotation method has been used to calculate resonance parameters of ((2s2) 1Se, (2s2p) 1,3P0) and ((3s2) 1Se, (3s3p) 1,3P0) states of helium-like ions with Z≤10. The purpose of this study required a mathematical development of the Hamiltonian applied to Hylleraas wave function for intrashell states, leading to analytical expressions which are carried out under Scilab computational program. Results are in compliance with recent theoretical calculations.

  4. Study of poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide)/CdS nanocomposite organic/inorganic gels.

    PubMed

    Bekiari, Vlasoula; Pagonis, Konstantinos; Bokias, Georgios; Lianos, Panagiotis

    2004-09-14

    CdS nanoparticles have been synthesized and stabilized in poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) hydrogels. The properties of the composite material have been characterized by UV-vis spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and steady-state and time-resolved luminescence spectroscopy. This material can be obtained in three different states: swollen, shrunk, and freeze-dried. The swollen and the freeze-dried states correspond to a nanocomposite organic/inorganic (wet or dry) gel containing CdS nanoparticles of approximately 50 nm diameter while the shrunk state is a two-phase system containing CdS crystals, which precipitate forming interesting geometrical shapes.

  5. 34 CFR 403.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 403.3 Section 403.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 403.3 What...

  6. 34 CFR 403.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 403.3 Section 403.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE VOCATIONAL AND APPLIED TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 403.3 What...

  7. N-(3-Chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Bouissane, Latifa; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2013-10-12

    In the title compound, C14H12ClN3O3S, the fused five- and six-membered rings are folded slightly along the common edge, forming a dihedral angle of 3.2 (1)°. The mean plane through the indazole system makes a dihedral angle of 30.75 (7)° with the distant benzene ring. In the crystal, N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol-ecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001).

  8. Introduction of antigenic determining 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues into 4-thiouridine, N3-(3-L-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uridine and tRNA-Phe from E. coli.

    PubMed Central

    Seela, F; Hansske, F; Watanabe, K; Cramer, F

    1977-01-01

    The introduction of antigenic determining 2,4-dinitrophenyl residues into the rare ribonucleosides 4-thiouridine (1a), and N3-(3-L-amino-3-carboxypropyl) uridine (2) as well as into tRNA-Phe from E. coli has been investigated. Alkylation of 1a with omega-bromo-2,4-dinitroacetophenone (3b) gives S-(2,4-dinitrophenacyl)-4-thiouridine (5A). Applying the reaction to the 5'-monophosphate of 1a, 5b is formed, but this product decomposes at pH 7. However, acylation of 2 with 2,4-dinitrobenzoic acid N-hydroxysuccinimide ester (4b) leads to N3-[3-carboxy-3-L-(2,4-dinitrobenzamido)propyl]uridine (6) which is stable in aqueous solution. The latter reaction was used for the introduction of an antigenic determining 2,4-dinitrophenyl residue into tRNA-Phe from E. coli. The modified tRNA-Phe was isolated and by degradation of the molecule with RNase T2 and alkaline phosphatase the nucleoside derivative 6 was obtained and found to be identical with the synthetic product. PMID:68463

  9. Investigation of the spin-lattice coupling in M n3G a1 -xS nxN antiperovskites

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Kewen; Sun, Ying; Colin, Claire V.; Wang, Lei; Yan, Jun; Deng, Sihao; Lu, Huiqing; Zhao, Wenjun; Kazunari, Yamaura; Bordet, Pierre; Wang, Cong

    2018-02-01

    The magnetovolume effects (MVEs) of M n3G a1 -xS nxN antiperovskite compounds have been investigated by means of neutron powder diffraction. Increasing the Sn-doping content at the Ga site leads to the broadening of the magnetic phase transition temperature range and the thermal expansion behavior changes from negative to positive. We establish the relationship between the square of the ordered magnetic moment m2 and the volume variation Δ ωm for the antiferromagnetic phase (Γ5 g magnetic structure with rhombohedral symmetry R 3 ¯m ). The temperature variations of Δ ωm(T ) , m2(T ) and the magnetoelastic coupling constant C (T ) are also quantitatively analyzed according to the itinerant-electron theory. Moreover, the increase of the phonon contribution to the thermal expansion induced by Sn doping and the corresponding decrease of dm/dT are revealed to be the key parameters for tuning the MVEs. Our results allow elucidating and quantifying the mechanism of the spin-lattice coupling and can be used to design magnetic functional materials with controlled thermal expansion behaviors for specific applications.

  10. Study of dipion transitions among Υ(3S), Υ(2S), and Υ(1S) states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cronin-Hennessy, D.; Gao, K. Y.; Hietala, J.; Kubota, Y.; Klein, T.; Lang, B. W.; Poling, R.; Scott, A. W.; Smith, A.; Zweber, P.; Dobbs, S.; Metreveli, Z.; Seth, K. K.; Tomaradze, A.; Ernst, J.; Ecklund, K. M.; Severini, H.; Love, W.; Savinov, V.; Lopez, A.; Mehrabyan, S.; Mendez, H.; Ramirez, J.; Huang, G. S.; Miller, D. H.; Pavlunin, V.; Sanghi, B.; Shipsey, I. P. J.; Xin, B.; Adams, G. S.; Anderson, M.; Cummings, J. P.; Danko, I.; Hu, D.; Moziak, B.; Napolitano, J.; He, Q.; Insler, J.; Muramatsu, H.; Park, C. S.; Thorndike, E. H.; Yang, F.; Artuso, M.; Blusk, S.; Khalil, S.; Li, J.; Menaa, N.; Mountain, R.; Nisar, S.; Randrianarivony, K.; Sia, R.; Skwarnicki, T.; Stone, S.; Wang, J. C.; Bonvicini, G.; Cinabro, D.; Dubrovin, M.; Lincoln, A.; Pappas, S. P.; Weinstein, A. J.; Asner, D. M.; Edwards, K. W.; Naik, P.; Briere, R. A.; Ferguson, T.; Tatishvili, G.; Vogel, H.; Watkins, M. E.; Rosner, J. L.; Adam, N. E.; Alexander, J. P.; Cassel, D. G.; Duboscq, J. E.; Ehrlich, R.; Fields, L.; Galik, R. S.; Gibbons, L.; Gray, R.; Gray, S. W.; Hartill, D. L.; Heltsley, B. K.; Hertz, D.; Jones, C. D.; Kandaswamy, J.; Kreinick, D. L.; Kuznetsov, V. E.; Mahlke-Krüger, H.; Mohapatra, D.; Onyisi, P. U. E.; Patterson, J. R.; Peterson, D.; Pivarski, J.; Riley, D.; Ryd, A.; Sadoff, A. J.; Schwarthoff, H.; Shi, X.; Stroiney, S.; Sun, W. M.; Wilksen, T.; Athar, S. B.; Patel, R.; Yelton, J.; Rubin, P.; Cawlfield, C.; Eisenstein, B. I.; Karliner, I.; Kim, D.; Lowrey, N.; Selen, M.; White, E. J.; Wiss, J.; Mitchell, R. E.; Shepherd, M. R.; Besson, D.; Pedlar, T. K.

    2007-10-01

    We present measurements of decay matrix elements for hadronic transitions of the form Υ(nS)→Υ(mS)ππ, where (n,m)=(3,1),(2,1),(3,2). We reconstruct charged and neutral pion modes with the final state Upsilon decaying to either μ+μ- or e+e-. Dalitz plot distributions for the 12 decay modes are fit individually as well as jointly assuming isospin symmetry, thereby measuring the matrix elements of the decay amplitude. We observe and account for the anomaly previously noted in the dipion invariant mass distribution for the Υ(3S)→Υ(1S)ππ transition and obtain good descriptions of the dynamics of the decay using the most general decay amplitude allowed by partial conservation of the axial-vector current considerations. The fits further indicate that the Υ(2S)→Υ(1S)ππ and Υ(3S)→Υ(2S)ππ transitions also show the presence of terms in the decay amplitude that were previously ignored, although at a relatively suppressed level.

  11. Glycine N-acyltransferase-like 3 is responsible for long-chain N-acylglycine formation in N18TG2 cells[S

    PubMed Central

    Jeffries, Kristen A.; Dempsey, Daniel R.; Farrell, Emma K.; Anderson, Ryan L.; Garbade, Gabrielle J.; Gurina, Tatyana S.; Gruhonjic, Imran; Gunderson, Carly A.

    2016-01-01

    Long-chain fatty acid amides are signaling lipids found in mammals and other organisms; however, details of the metabolic pathways for the N-acylglycines and primary fatty acid amides (PFAMs) have remained elusive. Heavy-labeled precursor and subtraction lipidomic experiments in mouse neuroblastoma N18TG2 cells, a model cell line for the study of fatty acid amide metabolism, establish the biosynthetic pathways for the N-acylglycines and the PFAMs. We provide evidence that the N-acylglycines are formed by a long-chain specific glycine-conjugating enzyme, glycine N-acyltransferase-like 3 (GLYATL3). siRNA knockdown of GLYATL3 in the N18TG2 cells resulted in a decrease in the levels of the N-acylglycines and the PFAMs. This is the first report of an enzyme responsible for long-chain N-acylglycine production in cellula. The production of the PFAMs in N18TG2 cells was reported to occur by the oxidative cleavage of the N-acylglycines, as catalyzed by peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase (PAM). siRNA knockdown of PAM resulted in an accumulation of [13C18]N-oleoylglycine and decreased levels of [13C18]oleamide when the N18TG2 cells were grown in the presence of [13C18]oleic acid. The addition of [1-13C]palmitate to the N18TG2 cell growth media led to the production of a family of [1-13C]palmitoylated fatty acid amides, consistent with the biosynthetic pathways detailed herein. PMID:27016726

  12. Internally consistent database for sulfides and sulfosalts in the system Ag 2S-Cu 2S-ZnS-Sb 2S 3-As 2S 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sack, Richard O.

    2000-11-01

    An updated thermodynamic database for Ag 2S-Cu 2S-ZnS-Sb 2S 3-As 2S 3 sulfides and sulfosalts applicable to temperatures above 119°C is developed to calculate phase relations for polybasite-pearceite- and fahlore-bearing assemblages. It is based on pre-existing and new constraints on activity-composition, Ag-Cu and As-Sb partitioning, and other relations, and on experiments (200-300°C, evacuated silica tubes) conducted to define the stability of the polybasite-pearceite [(Ag 1- x,Cu x) 16(Sb 1- y,As y) 2S 11] + ZnS sphalerite assemblage with respect to assemblages containing (Ag,Cu) 2S sulfides coexisting with (Cu, Ag) 10Zn 2(Sb,As) 4S 13 fahlore sulfosalts. It was found that the thermodynamics of mixing of bcc- and hcp-(Ag,Cu) 2S solutions, which are fast-ion conductors, may be described by using site multiplicities of metals α Ag,Cu > 2 and temperature-dependent regular solution parameters. We obtained estimates for the Gibbs energies of formation for Ag 16Sb 2S 11 and Cu 16Sb 2S 11 polybasite endmembers from the simple sulfides (Ag 2S, Cu 2S, and Sb 2S 3) of -30.79 and -4.07 kJ/gfw at 200°C, and -32.04 and -0.59 kJ/gfw at 400°C, respectively, that are about one half kJ/gfw more positive and about 6 kJ/gfw more negative than those estimated by Harlov and Sack (1995b). The corresponding estimates for formation energies of Ag 10Zn 2Sb 4S 13 and Cu 10Zn 2Sb 4S 13 fahlores (-20.29 and -105.29 kJ/gfw at 200°C and -23.72 and -105.76 kJ/gfw at 400°C) are comparable to, and roughly 110 kJ/gfw more positive than, the corresponding estimates of Ebel and Sack (1994). We also determined that the Gibbs energies of the As-Sb exchange reactions: 1/4Ag 10Zn2Sb4S13+1/2Ag 16As2S11=1/2Ag 16Sb2S11+1/4Ag 10Zn2As4S13Sb-fahlorepearceitepolybasiteAs-fahlore and Ag3SbS3+1/2Ag 16As2S11=1/2Ag 16Sb2S11+Ag3AsS3pyrargyritepearceitepolybasiteproustite are, respectively, 8.75 and 0.40 kJ/gfw in the range 150-350°C, and these predictions are consistent with As-Sb partitioning relations

  13. Genotype patterns of contemporary reassorted H3N2 virus in U.S. swine

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    To understand the evolution of H3N2v influenza viruses that have infected 288 humans since July 2011, we performed the largest phylogenetic analysis at a whole genome scale of influenza viruses from North American swine to date (n = 200). At least ten distinct reassorted H3N2/pandemic H1N1 (rH3N2p)...

  14. Radiative Properties of Ceramic Al2O3, AlN and Si3N4—II: Modeling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Peiyan; Cheng, Qiang; Zhang, Zhuomin

    2017-08-01

    In Part I of this study (Cheng et al. in Int J Thermophys 37: 62, 2016), the reflectance and transmittance of dense ceramic plates were measured at wavelengths from 0.4 μm to about 20 μm. The samples of Al2O3 and AlN are semitransparent in the wavelength region from 0.4 μm to about 7 μm, where volume scattering dominates the absorption and scattering behaviors. On the other hand, the Si3N4 plate is opaque in the whole wavelength region. In the mid-infrared region, all samples show phonon vibration bands and surface reflection appears to be strong. The present study focuses on modeling the radiative properties and uses an inverse method to obtain the scattering and absorption coefficients of Al2O3 and AlN in the semitransparent region from the measured directional-hemispherical reflectance and transmittance. The scattering coefficient is also predicted using Mie theory for comparison. The Lorentz oscillator model is applied to fit the reflectance spectra of AlN and Si3N4 from 1.6 μm to 20 μm in order to obtain their optical constants. It is found that the phonon modes for Si3N4 are much stronger in the polycrystalline sample studied here than in amorphous films reported previously.

  15. Application of Silver Ion High-Performance Liquid Chromatography for Quantitative Analysis of Selected n-3 and n-6 PUFA in Oil Supplements.

    PubMed

    Czajkowska-Mysłek, Anna; Siekierko, Urszula; Gajewska, Magdalena

    2016-04-01

    The aim of this study was to develop a simple method for simultaneous determination of selected cis/cis PUFA-LNA (18:2), ALA (18:3), GLA (18:3), EPA (20:5), and DHA (22:6) by silver ion high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode array detector (Ag-HPLC-DAD). The separation was performed on three Luna SCX Silver Loaded columns connected in series maintained at 10 °C with isocratic elution by 1% acetonitrile in n-hexane. The applied chromatographic system allowed a baseline separation of standard mixture of n-3 and n-6 fatty acid methyl esters containing LNA, DHA, and EPA and partial separation of ALA and GLA positional isomers. The method was validated by means of linearity, precision, stability, and recovery. Limits of detection (LOD) for considered PUFA standard solutions ranged from 0.27 to 0.43 mg L(-1). The developed method was used to evaluate of n-3 and n-6 fatty acids contents in plant and fish softgel oil capsules, results were compared with reference GC-FID based method.

  16. Asymptotic freedom in certain S O (N ) and S U (N ) models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Einhorn, Martin B.; Jones, D. R. Timothy

    2017-09-01

    We calculate the β -functions for S O (N ) and S U (N ) gauge theories coupled to adjoint and fundamental scalar representations, correcting longstanding, previous results. We explore the constraints on N resulting from requiring asymptotic freedom for all couplings. When we take into account the actual allowed behavior of the gauge coupling, the minimum value of N in both cases turns out to be larger than realized in earlier treatments. We also show that in the large N limit, both models have large regions of parameter space corresponding to total asymptotic freedom.

  17. The effects of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation on AGEs and sRAGE in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

    PubMed

    Kurt, Asuman; Andican, Gülnur; Siva, Zeynep Oşar; Andican, Ahat; Burcak, Gülden

    2016-12-01

    In diabetes mellitus, chronic hyperglycemia leads to formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). Binding of AGEs to receptors of AGE (RAGE) causes deleterious effects. In populations with a high consumption of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, a lower prevalence of diabetes mellitus has been reported. We aimed to investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid (EPA and DHA) supplementation on the levels of AGEs (carboxymethyl lysine (CML) and pentosidine), sRAGE, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). T2DM patients (n = 38) treated with oral hypoglycemic agents, without insulin were supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (1.2 g/day) for 2 months. Plasma CML, pentosidine, sRAGE, and NF-kB levels were measured by ELISA both before and after the supplementation. n-3 fatty acid supplementation significantly reduced fasting glucose (p < 0.01), glycated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) (p < 0.05), and pentosidine (p < 0.05) levels. The supplementation induced percentage changes in pentosidine and HbA 1c and in pentosidine and creatinine were observed to be correlated (r = 0.349, p < 0.05) and (r = 0.377, p < 0.05), respectively. Waist circumference and systolic and diastolic pressures were significantly decreased due to n-3 supplementation (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, p < 0.01), respectively. Our results show that supplementation with n-3 fatty acid has beneficial effects on waist circumference; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and the levels of glucose, HbA 1c , and pentosidine in T2DM patients. However, the supplementation failed to decrease these parameters to the reference ranges for healthy subjects. In addition, the supplementation did not appear to induce any significant differences in CML, sRAGE, or NF-kB.

  18. Review of Propulsion Technologies for N+3 Subsonic Vehicle Concepts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ashcraft, Scott W.; Padron, Andres S.; Pascioni, Kyle A.; Stout, Gary W., Jr.; Huff, Dennis L.

    2011-01-01

    NASA has set aggressive fuel burn, noise, and emission reduction goals for a new generation (N+3) of aircraft targeting concepts that could be viable in the 2035 timeframe. Several N+3 concepts have been formulated, where the term "N+3" indicate aircraft three generations later than current state-of-the-art aircraft, "N". Dramatic improvements need to be made in the airframe, propulsion systems, mission design, and the air transportation system in order to meet these N+3 goals. The propulsion system is a key element to achieving these goals due to its major role with reducing emissions, fuel burn, and noise. This report provides an in-depth description and assessment of propulsion systems and technologies considered in the N+3 subsonic vehicle concepts. Recommendations for technologies that merit further research and development are presented based upon their impact on the N+3 goals and likelihood of being operational by 2035.

  19. Constructing effective photocatalytic purification system with P-introduced g-C3N4 for elimination of UO22+

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Xi; Jiang, Shujuan; Song, Shaoqing; Sun, Chuanzhi

    2018-02-01

    Due to the inherent defects of precursor molecular structure, the limited effect of structure in the formed g-C3N4 will weaken the extension of delocalization of π electrons between the adjacent tri-s-triazine or heptazine units of g-C3N4, which thus leads to poor visible-light absorption, low utilization efficiency of charge carrier. Herein, P-introduced g-C3N4 (PC3N4) photocatalysts were constructed by partially replacing C with tributyl phosphate as precursor, and the as-designed PC3N4 photocatalysts were used to eliminate aqueous uranyl ion by photocatalytic reduction technology under visible-light irradiation. Experimental and DFT revealed that introduction of P into g-C3N4 significantly modified its electronic structure, as reflected by the narrowed band gap, enhanced visible-light absorption as well as improved transfer capability of photogenerated charge. Therefore, photocatalytic activity of PC3N4 was much better than that of pristine g-C3N4 and conventional reducing-type photocatalysts. This study suggests an efficient strategy for construct effective visible-light-responsive photocatalysts for radioactive environmental remediation.

  20. Rationally designed MoS2/protonated g-C3N4 nanosheet composites as photocatalysts with an excellent synergistic effect toward photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants.

    PubMed

    Shi, Lang; Ding, Wang; Yang, Shuping; He, Zhen; Liu, Suqin

    2018-04-05

    The positively charged ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets are prepared by ultrasonic-assisted exfoliation of the protonated g-C 3 N 4 . Compared with the protonated g-C 3 N 4 and exfoliated g-C 3 N 4 , the positively charged ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 has abundant functional groups as well as desired dispersibility in deionized water, thus it could serve as a basic building block for designing related heterojunction composites. To take a full advantage of these features, the positively charged ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 /MoS 2 composites are fabricated through a simple electrostatic adsorption and self-assembly process followed by a hydrothermal method. By loading an appropriate amount of MoS 2 on the ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, the as-fabricated composites exhibit considerable improvement on the photocatalytic activities toward the degradation of typical organic pollutants (i.e., methyl orange and phenol) under visible light irradiation. The composite containing 2 wt% MoS 2 shows the highest efficiency of about 96.5% for the methyl orange degradation, which is about 3.5 times and 8 times compared to those of the positively charged ultrathin g-C 3 N 4 and bulk g-C 3 N 4 , respectively. The superb photocatalytic performance benefits from the unique advantages, including richly available reaction sites, aligned energy levels between g-C 3 N 4 and the MoS 2 , and efficient electron transfer. This work opens new possibilities for the rational design and construction of the g-C 3 N 4 based composites as highly efficient and stable visible-light driven photocatalysts for the degradation of organic pollutants. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Assessment of the LV-S2 & LV-S3 Stack Sampling Probe Locations for Compliance with ANSI/HPS N13.1-1999

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Glissmeyer, John A.; Antonio, Ernest J.; Flaherty, Julia E.

    2014-09-30

    This document reports on a series of tests conducted to assess the proposed air sampling locations for the Hanford Tank Waste Treatment and Immobilization Plant (WTP) Group 1-2A exhaust stacks with respect to the applicable criteria regarding the placement of an air sampling probe. The LV-C2, LV-S2, and LV-S3 exhaust stacks were tested together as a group (Test Group 1-2A). This report only covers the results of LV-S2 and LV-S3; LV-C2 will be reported on separately. Federal regulations1 require that a sampling probe be located in the exhaust stack according to the criteria established by the American National Standards Institute/Healthmore » Physics Society (ANSI/HPS) N13.1-1999, Sampling and Monitoring Releases of Airborne Radioactive Substances from the Stack and Ducts of Nuclear Facilities. 2 These criteria address the capability of the sampling probe to extract a sample that represents the effluent stream.« less

  2. 34 CFR 609.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... (Direct Grant Programs): §§ 75.1-75.104, 75.125-75.129, 75.190-75.192, 75.230-75.261, 75.500, 75.510-75.519, 75.524-75.534, 75.580-75.903, and 75.901; (3) 34 CFR part 77 (Definitions that Apply to... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What regulations apply? 609.3 Section 609.3 Education...

  3. 34 CFR 608.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... part 75 (Direct Grant Programs): §§ 75.1-75.104, 75.125-75.129, 75.190-75.192, 75.230-75.261, 75.500, 75.510-75.519, 75.524-75.534, 75.580-75.903, and 75.910; (3) 34 CFR part 77 (Definitions that Apply... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What regulations apply? 608.3 Section 608.3 Education...

  4. Applying a Qualitative Modeling Shell to Process Diagnosis: The Caster System.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1986-03-01

    Process Diagnosis: The Caster System by Timothy F. Thompson and William J. Clancey Department of Computer Science Stanford University Stanford, CA 94303...MODELING SHELL TO PROCESS DIAGNOSIS: THE CASTER SYSTEM 12 PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) TIMOTHY F. THOMPSON. WESTINGHOUSE R&D CENTER, WILLIAM CLANCEY, STANFORD...editions are obsolete. Applying a Qualitative Modeling Shell to Process Diagnosis: The Caster System by Timothy F. Thompson, Westinghouse R&D Center

  5. Facile synthesis of Fe3O4/g-C3N4/HKUST-1 composites as a novel biosensor platform for ochratoxin A.

    PubMed

    Hu, Shuisheng; Ouyang, Wenjun; Guo, Longhua; Lin, Zhenyu; Jiang, Xiaohua; Qiu, Bin; Chen, Guonan

    2017-06-15

    A fluorescent biosensor for ochratoxin A was fabricated on the basis of a new nanocomposite (Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /HKUST-1 composites). Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /HKUST-1 was synthesized in this work for the first time, which combined HKUST-1 with g-C 3 N 4 to improve its chemical stability. Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /HKUST-1 composites have strong adsorption capacity for dye-labeled aptamer and are able to completely quench the fluorescence of the dye through the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) mechanism. In the presence of ochratoxin A (OTA), it can bind with the aptamer with high affinity, causing the releasing of the dye-labeled aptamer from the Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /HKUST-1 and therefore results in the recovery of fluorescence. The fluorescence intensity of the biosensor has a linear relationship with the OTA concentration in the range of 5.0-160.0ng/mL. The LOD of sensor is 2.57ng/mL (S/N=3). This fluorescence sensor based on the Fe 3 O 4 /g-C 3 N 4 /HKUST-1 composites has been applied to detect OTA in corn with satisfying results. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  6. Differential inhibition of Ca2+ channels in mature rat cerebellar Purkinje cells by sFTX-3.3 and FTX-3.3.

    PubMed

    Dupere, J R; Moya, E; Blagbrough, I S; Usowicz, M M

    1996-01-01

    Synthetic funnel web spider toxin (sFTX-3.3) is a polyamine amide analogue of FTX, a toxin fraction isolated from the venom of the funnel web spider, Agelenopsis aperta, that blocks P-type Ca2+ channels. The structures of these polyamine containing compounds are not identical: sFTX-3.3 contains an amide carbonyl oxygen that is absent from the predicted structure of native FTX. Recently, a compound called FTX-3.3 was synthesized with the structure predicted for native FTX. We have compared the effects of polyamine amide sFTX-3.3 and polyamine FTX-3.3, on Ca2+ channel currents in the soma of mature rat cerebellar Purkinje neurons, in which the predominant Ca2+ channels are defined as P-type. Differential inhibition by sFTX-3.3 and FTX-3.3 revealed three populations of Ca2+ channels. One group, mediating approximately 66% of the current, was blocked by sFTX-3.3 with an IC50 (concentration producing half maximal inhibition) of 33 nM or by FTX-3.3 with an IC50 of 55 pM. A second population (5-25% of the total current) was inhibited by sFTX-3.3 with an IC50 of 33 nM, but was insensitive to FTX-3.3, while a third (10-30%) was blocked by FTX-3.3 with an IC50 of 125 nM and was resistant to sFTX-3.3. These channels also showed distinctive current-voltage relationships. Our results suggest that P-type Ca2+ channels in mature rat cerebellar Purkinje cells may be subdivided according to pharmacological and biophysical properties.

  7. 15 CFR 18.3 - When the Act applies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When the Act applies. 18.3 Section 18.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Office of the Secretary of Commerce ATTORNEY'S FEES AND OTHER EXPENSES General Provisions § 18.3 When the Act applies. The Act applies to any adversary adjudication pending or...

  8. (LaTiO3)n/(LaVO3)n as a model system for unconventional charge transfer and polar metallicity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weng, Yakui; Zhang, Jun-Jie; Gao, Bin; Dong, Shuai

    At interfaces between oxide materials, lattice and electronic reconstructions always play important roles in exotic phenomena. In this study, the density-functional theory and maximally localized Wannier functions are employed to investigate the (LaTiO3)n/(LaVO3)n magnetic superlattices. By considering lattice distortion and dimensional effect, many interesting interfacial physics have been found in the n = 1 superlattice, e.g. magnetic phase transition, unconventional charge transfer, and metal-insulator transition. In addition, the compatibility among the polar structure, ferrimagnetism, and metallicity is predicted in the n = 2 superlattice.

  9. EPR study of gamma irradiated N-methyl taurine (C3H9NO3S) and sodium hydrogen sulphate monohydrate (NaHSO3·H2O) single crystals.

    PubMed

    Yıldırım, Ilkay; Karabulut, Bünyamin

    2011-03-01

    EPR study of gamma irradiated C(3)H(9)NO(3)S and NaHSO(3).H(2)O single crystals have been carried out at room temperature. There is one site for the radicals in C(3)H(9)NO(3)S and two magnetically distinct sites for the radicals in NaHSO(3). The observed lines in the EPR spectra have been attributed to the species of SO(3)(-) and RH radicals for N-methyl taurine, and to the SO(3)(-) and OH radicals for sodium hydrogen sulfate monohydrate single crystals. The principal values of the g for SO(3)(-), the hyperfine values of RH and OH proton splitting have been calculated and discussed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Identification of the HrpS binding site in the hrpL promoter and effect of the RpoN binding site of HrpS on the regulation of the type III secretion system in Erwinia amylovora.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jae Hoon; Sundin, George W; Zhao, Youfu

    2016-06-01

    The type III secretion system (T3SS) is a key pathogenicity factor in Erwinia amylovora. Previous studies have demonstrated that the T3SS in E. amylovora is transcriptionally regulated by an RpoN-HrpL sigma factor cascade, which is activated by the bacterial alarmone (p)ppGpp. In this study, the binding site of HrpS, an enhancer binding protein, was identified for the first time in plant-pathogenic bacteria. Complementation of the hrpL mutant with promoter deletion constructs of the hrpL gene and promoter activity analyses using various lengths of the hrpL promoter fused to a promoter-less green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene delineated the upstream region for HrpS binding. Sequence analysis revealed a dyad symmetry sequence between -138 and -125 nucleotides (TGCAA-N4-TTGCA) as the potential HrpS binding site, which is conserved in the promoter of the hrpL gene among plant enterobacterial pathogens. Results of quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and electrophoresis mobility shift assay coupled with site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) analysis showed that the intact dyad symmetry sequence was essential for HrpS binding, full activation of T3SS gene expression and virulence. In addition, the role of the GAYTGA motif (RpoN binding site) of HrpS in the regulation of T3SS gene expression in E. amylovora was characterized by complementation of the hrpS mutant using mutant variants generated by SDM. Results showed that a Y100F substitution of HrpS complemented the hrpS mutant, whereas Y100A and Y101A substitutions did not. These results suggest that tyrosine (Y) and phenylalanine (F) function interchangeably in the conserved GAYTGA motif of HrpS in E. amylovora. © 2015 BSPP AND JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD.

  11. The trans-[Ru(PPh3)2(N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k2O,S)(bipy)]PF6 complex has pro-apoptotic effects on triple negative breast cancer cells and presents low toxicity in vivo.

    PubMed

    Becceneri, Amanda Blanque; Popolin, Cecília Patrícia; Plutin, Ana Maria; Maistro, Edson Luis; Castellano, Eduardo Ernesto; Batista, Alzir Azevedo; Cominetti, Márcia Regina

    2018-05-24

    Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a heterogeneous subtype of breast tumors that does not exhibit the expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors, neither the amplification of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2) gene. Despite all the advances in cancer treatments, the development of new anticancer drugs for TNBC tumors is still a challenge. There is an increasing interest in new agents to be used in cancer treatment. Ruthenium is a metal that has unique characteristics and important in vivo and in vitro results achieved for cancer treatment. Thus, in this work, with the aim to develop anticancer drugs, three new ruthenium complexes containing acylthiourea ligands have been synthesized and characterized: trans-[Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (N,N-dibutyl-N'-benzoylthioureato-k 2 O,S)(2,2'-bipyridine (bipy))]PF 6 (1), trans-[Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (N,N-dimethyl-N'-thiophenylthioureato-k 2 O,S)(bipy)]PF 6 (2) and trans-[Ru(PPh 3 ) 2 (N,N-dimethyl-N'-benzoylthioureato-k 2 O,S)(bipy)]PF 6 (3). Then, the cytotoxicity of these three new ruthenium complexes was investigated in TNBC MDA-MB-231 and in non-tumor MCF-10A cells. Complex (2) was the most selective complex and was chosen for further studies to verify its effects on cell morphology, adhesion, migration, invasion, induction of apoptosis and DNA damage in vitro, as well as its toxicity and capacity of causing DNA damage in vivo. Complex (2) inhibited proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, changed morphology and induced apoptosis, DNA damage and nuclear fragmentation of TNBC cells at lower concentrations compared to non-tumor MCF-10A cells, suggesting an effective action for this complex on tumor cells. Finally, complex (2) did not induce toxicity or caused DNA damage in vivo when low doses were administered to mice. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. 12 CFR 264a.3 - What special post-employment restrictions apply to senior examiners?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... to senior examiners? 264a.3 Section 264a.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM POST-EMPLOYMENT RESTRICTIONS FOR SENIOR EXAMINERS § 264a.3 What special post-employment restrictions apply to senior examiners? (a) Senior Examiners of State...

  13. Crystal structures of N-(3-fluoro-benzo-yl)benzene-sulfonamide and N-(3-fluoro-benzo-yl)-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Suchetan, P A; Naveen, S; Lokanath, N K; Lakshmikantha, H N; Srivishnu, K S; Supriya, G M

    2016-04-01

    The crystal structures of two N-(aryl-sulfon-yl)aryl-amides, namely N-(3-fluoro-benzo-yl)benzene-sulfonamide, C13H10FNO3S, (I), and N-(3-fluoro-benzo-yl)-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide, C14H12FNO3S, (II), are described and compared with related structures. The dihedral angle between the benzene rings is 82.73 (10)° in (I) compared to 72.60 (12)° in (II). In the crystal of (I), the mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯π inter-actions, resulting in a three-dimensional grid-like architecture, while C-H⋯O inter-actions lead to one-dimensional ribbons in (II). The crystals of both (I) and (II) feature strong but non-structure-directing N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds with R 2 (2)(8) ring motifs. The structure of (I) also features π-π stacking inter-actions.

  14. Holographic duals of 3d S-fold CFTs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Assel, Benjamin; Tomasiello, Alessandro

    2018-06-01

    We construct non-geometric AdS4 solutions of IIB string theory where the fields in overlapping patches are glued by elements of the S-duality group. We obtain them by suitable quotients of compact and non-compact geometric solutions. The quotient procedure suggests CFT duals as quiver theories with links involving the so-called T [U( N)] theory. We test the validity of the non-geometric solutions (and of our proposed holographic duality) by computing the three-sphere partition function Z of the CFTs. A first class of solutions is obtained by an S-duality quotient of Janus-type non-compact solutions and is dual to 3d N=4 SCFTs; for these we manage to compute Z of the dual CFT at finite N, and it agrees perfectly with the supergravity result in the large N limit. A second class has five-branes, it is obtained by a Möbius-like S-quotient of ordinary compact solutions and is dual to 3d N=3 SCFTs. For these, Z agrees with the supergravity result if one chooses the limit carefully so that the effect of the fivebranes does not backreact on the entire geometry. Other limits suggest the existence of IIA duals.

  15. Atmospheric S and N deposition relates to increasing riverine transport of S and N in southwest China: Implications for soil acidification.

    PubMed

    Duan, Lei; Chen, Xiao; Ma, Xiaoxiao; Zhao, Bin; Larssen, Thorjørn; Wang, Shuxiao; Ye, Zhixiang

    2016-11-01

    Following Europe and North America, East Asia has become a global hotspot for acid deposition, with very high deposition of both sulfur (S) and nitrogen (N) occurring in large areas of southwest and southeast China. This study shows that the outflow flux of sulfate (SO 4 2- ) in three major tributaries of the Upper Yangtze River in the Sichuan Basin in southwest China has been increasing over the last three decades, which implies the regional soil acidification caused by increasing sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) emissions. Since 2005, the outflow of SO 4 2- to the Upper Yangtze River from the Sichuan Basin has even reached the atmospheric SO 2 emission from the basin. In contrast to S emissions, the rapid increase in nitrogen (N) emissions, including nitrogen oxides (NOx) and ammonia (NH 3 ), have resulted in only a slight increase in nitrate (NO 3 - ) concentrations in surface waters, indicating a large retention of N in the basin. Although N deposition currently contributes much less than S to soil acidification in this area, it is possible that catchments receiving a high input of N may be unable to retain a large fraction of the N deposition over long periods. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Responses to applied forces and the Jarzynski equality in classical oscillator systems coupled to finite baths: an exactly solvable nondissipative nonergodic model.

    PubMed

    Hasegawa, Hideo

    2011-07-01

    Responses of small open oscillator systems to applied external forces have been studied with the use of an exactly solvable classical Caldeira-Leggett model in which a harmonic oscillator (system) is coupled to finite N-body oscillators (bath) with an identical frequency (ω(n) = ω(o) for n = 1 to N). We have derived exact expressions for positions, momenta, and energy of the system in nonequilibrium states and for work performed by applied forces. A detailed study has been made on an analytical method for canonical averages of physical quantities over the initial equilibrium state, which is much superior to numerical averages commonly adopted in simulations of small systems. The calculated energy of the system which is strongly coupled to a finite bath is fluctuating but nondissipative. It has been shown that the Jarzynski equality is valid in nondissipative nonergodic open oscillator systems regardless of the rate of applied ramp force.

  17. Discrete Event Supervisory Control Applied to Propulsion Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Litt, Jonathan S.; Shah, Neerav

    2005-01-01

    The theory of discrete event supervisory (DES) control was applied to the optimal control of a twin-engine aircraft propulsion system and demonstrated in a simulation. The supervisory control, which is implemented as a finite-state automaton, oversees the behavior of a system and manages it in such a way that it maximizes a performance criterion, similar to a traditional optimal control problem. DES controllers can be nested such that a high-level controller supervises multiple lower level controllers. This structure can be expanded to control huge, complex systems, providing optimal performance and increasing autonomy with each additional level. The DES control strategy for propulsion systems was validated using a distributed testbed consisting of multiple computers--each representing a module of the overall propulsion system--to simulate real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing. In the first experiment, DES control was applied to the operation of a nonlinear simulation of a turbofan engine (running in closed loop using its own feedback controller) to minimize engine structural damage caused by a combination of thermal and structural loads. This enables increased on-wing time for the engine through better management of the engine-component life usage. Thus, the engine-level DES acts as a life-extending controller through its interaction with and manipulation of the engine s operation.

  18. Temperature-Dependent Kinetics Studies of the Reactions Br((sup 2)P3/2) + H2S yields SH + HBr and Br((sup 2)P3/2) + CH3SH yields CH3S + HBr. Heats of Formation of SH and CH3S Radicals

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nicovich, J. M.; Kreutter, K. D.; vanDijk, C. A.; Wine, P. H.

    1997-01-01

    Time resolved resonance fluorescence detection of Br(sup 2)P3/2) atom disappearance or appearance following 266-nm laser flash photolysis of CF2Br2/H2S/H2/N2, CF2Br2/CH3SH/H2/N2, Cl2CO/H2S/HBr/N2, and CH3SSCH3/HBr/H2/N2 mixtures has been employed to study the kinetics of the reactions Br((sup 2)P3/2) + H2S = SH + HBr (1,-1) and Br((sup2)P3/2) + CH3SH = CH3S + HBr (2, -2) as a function of temperature over the range 273-431K. Arrhenius expressions in units of 10(exp -12) cu cm/molecule/s which describe the results are k1 = (14.2 +/- 3.4) exp[(-2752 +/- 90)/T],(k-1) = (4.40 +/- 0.92) exp[(-971 +/- 73)/T],k(2) = (9.24 +/- 1.15) exp[(-386 +/- 41)/T], and k(-2) = (1.46 +/-0.21) exp[(-399 +/-41)/T; errors are 2 sigma and represent precision only. By examining Br((sup 2)P3/2) equilibrium kinetics following 355nm laser flash photolysis of Br2/CH3SH/H2/N2 mixtures, a 298 K rate coefficient of (1.7 +/- 0.5) x 10(exp -10) cu cm/molecule/s has been obtained for the reaction CH3S + Br2 yields CH3SBr + Br. To our knowledge, these are the first kinetic data reported for each of the reactions studied. Measured rate coefficients, along with known rate coefficients for similar radical + H2S, CH3SH, HBr,Br2 reactions are considered in terms of possible correlations of reactivity with reaction thermochemistry and with IP - EA, the difference between the ionization potential of the electron donor and the electron affinity of the electron acceptor. Both thermochemical and charge-transfer effects appear to be important in controlling observed reactivities. Second and third law analyses of the equilibrium data for reactions 1 and 2 have been employed to obtain the following enthalpies of reaction in units of kcal/mol: for reaction 1, Delta-H(298) = 3.64 +/- 0.43 and Delta-H(0) = 3.26 +/-0.45; for reaction 2, Delta-H(298) = -0.14 +/- 0.28 and Delta-H(0) = -0.65 +/- 0.36. Combining the above enthalpies of reaction with the well-known heats of formation of Br, HBr, H2S, and CH3SH gives the

  19. Event activity dependence of Y(nS) production in $$\\sqrt{s_{NN}}$$=5.02 TeV pPb and $$\\sqrt{s}$$=2.76 TeV pp collisions

    DOE PAGES

    Chatrchyan, Serguei

    2014-04-15

    The production of Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) is investigated in pPb and pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. The datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of about 31 nb –1 (pPb) and 5.4 pb –1 (pp), collected in 2013 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upsilons that decay into muons are reconstructed within the rapidity interval (y CM) < 1.93 in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame. Their production is studied as a function of two measures of event activity, namely the charged-particle multiplicity measured in the pseudorapidity interval |η| < 2.4, andmore » the sum of transverse energy deposited at forward pseudorapidity, 4.0 < |η|< 5.2. The Y cross sections normalized by their event activity integrated values, Y(nS)/, are found to rise with both measures of the event activity in pp and pPb. In both collision systems, the ratios of the excited to the ground state cross sections, Y(nS)/Y(1S), are found to decrease with the charged-particle multiplicity, while as a function of the transverse energy the variation is less pronounced. Lastly, the event activity integrated double ratios, [Y(nS)/Y(1S)] pPb / [Y(nS)/Y(1S)] pp, are also measured and found to be 0.83 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.05 (syst.) and 0.71 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.09 (syst.) for Y(2S) and Y(3S), respectively.« less

  20. Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A). Performance Verification Report: METSAT (S/N) AMSU-A1 Receiver Assemblies P/N 1356429-1 S/N F06 and P/N 1356409-1 S/N F06

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1999-01-01

    This is the Performance Verification Report, METSAT (S/N 109) AMSU-A1 Receiver Assemblies, P/N 1356429-1 S/N F06 and P/N 1356409 S/N F06, for the Integrated Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit-A (AMSU-A).

  1. The two-electron atomic systems. S-states

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liverts, Evgeny Z.; Barnea, Nir

    2010-01-01

    A simple Mathematica program for computing the S-state energies and wave functions of two-electron (helium-like) atoms (ions) is presented. The well-known method of projecting the Schrödinger equation onto the finite subspace of basis functions was applied. The basis functions are composed of the exponentials combined with integer powers of the simplest perimetric coordinates. No special subroutines were used, only built-in objects supported by Mathematica. The accuracy of results and computation time depend on the basis size. The precise energy values of 7-8 significant figures along with the corresponding wave functions can be computed on a single processor within a few minutes. The resultant wave functions have a simple analytical form consisting of elementary functions, that enables one to calculate the expectation values of arbitrary physical operators without any difficulties. Program summaryProgram title: TwoElAtom-S Catalogue identifier: AEFK_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFK_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 10 185 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 495 164 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica 6.0; 7.0 Computer: Any PC Operating system: Any which supports Mathematica; tested under Microsoft Windows XP and Linux SUSE 11.0 RAM:⩾10 bytes Classification: 2.1, 2.2, 2.7, 2.9 Nature of problem: The Schrödinger equation for atoms (ions) with more than one electron has not been solved analytically. Approximate methods must be applied in order to obtain the wave functions or other physical attributes from quantum mechanical calculations. Solution method: The S-wave function is expanded into a triple basis set in three perimetric coordinates. Method of projecting the

  2. Crystal structures of bis-[(9S,13S,14S)-3-meth-oxy-17-methyl-morphinanium] tetra-chlorido-cobaltate and tetra-chlorido-cuprate.

    PubMed

    Gauchat, Eric; Nazarenko, Alexander Y

    2017-01-01

    (9 S ,13 S ,14 S )-3-Meth-oxy-17-methyl-morphinan (dextromethorphan) forms two isostructural salts with ( a ) tetra-chlorido-cobaltate, namely bis-[(9 S ,13 S ,14 S )-3-meth-oxy-17-methyl-morphinanium] tetra-chlorido-cobaltate, (C 18 H 26 NO) 2 [CoCl 4 ], and ( b ) tetra-chlorido-cuprate, namely bis-[(9 S ,13 S ,14 S )-3-meth-oxy-17-methyl-morphinanium] tetra-chlorido-cuprate, (C 18 H 26 NO) 2 [CuCl 4 ]. The distorted tetra-hedral anions are located on twofold rotational axes. The dextromethorphan cation can be described as being composed of two ring systems, a tetra-hydro-naphthalene system A + B and a deca-hydro-isoquinolinium subunit C + D , that are nearly perpendicular to one another: the angle between mean planes of the A + B and C + D moieties is 78.8 (1)° for ( a ) and 79.0 (1)° for ( b ). Two symmetry-related cations of protonated dextromethorphan are connected to the tetra-chlorido-cobaltate (or tetra-chlorido-cuprate) anions via strong N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds, forming neutral ion associates. These associates are packed in the (001) plane with no strong attractive bonding between them. Both compounds are attractive crystalline forms for unambiguous identification of the dextromethorphan and, presumably, of its optical isomer, levomethorphan.

  3. AdS/CFT beyond the N = 4 SYM paradigm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pomoni, Elli

    In this thesis we present studies in the AdS/CFT correspondence that intend to push the present knowledge beyond the N = 4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) paradigm. The first part is concerned with the study of non-supersymmetric deformations of N = 4 SYM (which still are in the N = 4 universality class). For non-supersymmetric CFT's at Large N we explore the correspondence between string theory tachyons in the bulk and instabilities on the boundary effective action. The operators dual to AdS tachyons have anomalous dimensions that are purely complex numbers. We give a prescription for calculating the mass of the tachyon from the field theory side. Moreover, we apply this general dictionary to the case of intersecting D7 flavor branes in AdS 5 x S5 and obtain the mass of the open string tachyon that is dual to the instability in the mesonic sector of the theory. In the second part we present work aiming at finding string theory duals for gauge theories beyond the N = 4 universality class, i.e. theories that have genuinely less supersymmetry and unquenched flavor. Arguably the next simplest example after N = 4 SYM is N = 2 SU(Nc) SYM coupled to Nf = 2Nc fundamental hypermultiplets. The theory admits a Veneziano expansion of large Nc and large Nf, with Nf/Nc and lambda = g2Nc kept fixed. The topological structure of large N diagrams invites a general conjecture: the flavor-singlet sector of a gauge theory in the Veneziano limit is dual to a closed string theory. We present the one-loop Hamiltonian for the scalar sector of N = 2 superconformal QCD and study this integrability of the theory. Furthermore, we explore the chiral spectrum of the protected operators of the theory using the one-loop anomalous dimensions and, additionally, by studying the index of the theory. We finally search for possible AdS dual trying to match the chiral spectrum. We conclude that the string dual is a sub-critical background containing both an AdS 5 and an S1 factor.

  4. Synergetic effect of MoS{sub 2} and g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} as cocatalysts for enhanced photocatalytic H{sub 2} production activity of TiO{sub 2}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yang, Xixian; Huang, Hongyu, E-mail: huanghy@ms.giec.ac.cn; Kubota, Mitsuhiro

    Highlights: • A hydrogen evolution reaction of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} photocatalyst was synthesized. • g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} presents highly efficient H{sub 2} evolution without noble metals. • The effect of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} and MoS{sub 2} co-catalyst content in the composites was studied. • The mechanism of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} photocatalyst under UV–vis light was discussed. - Abstract: In this paper, we report a new g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} composite material as a high-performance photocatalyst for H{sub 2} evolution. Without a noble-metal cocatalyst, the g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2}/TiO{sub 2} composite reaches a highmore » H{sub 2} production rate of 125 μmol h{sup −1} when the content of the g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4}/MoS{sub 2} cocatalyst is 1.0 wt.% and the content of g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} in this cocatalyst is 10 wt.%. This unusual photocatalytic activity is attributed to the positive synergetic effect between the MoS{sub 2} and g-C{sub 3}N{sub 4} components in this cocatalyst, which serve as an electron collector and a source of active adsorption sites, respectively.« less

  5. Log N-log S in inconclusive

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Klebesadel, R. W.; Fenimore, E. E.; Laros, J.

    1983-01-01

    The log N-log S data acquired by the Pioneer Venus Orbiter Gamma Burst Detector (PVO) are presented and compared to similar data from the Soviet KONUS experiment. Although the PVO data are consistent with and suggestive of a -3/2 power law distribution, the results are not adequate at this state of observations to differentiate between a -3/2 and a -1 power law slope.

  6. Phase relationships of the system Fe-Ni-S and structure of the high-pressure phase of (Fe1-xNix)3S2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Urakawa, Satoru; Kamuro, Ryota; Suzuki, Akio; Kikegawa, Takumi

    2018-04-01

    The phase relationships of the Fe-Ni-S system at 15 GPa were studied by high pressure quench experiments. The stability fields of (Fe,Ni)3S and (Fe,Ni)3S2 and the melting relationships of the Fe-Ni-S system were determined as a function of Ni content. The (Fe,Ni)3S solid solution is stable in the composition of Ni/(Fe + Ni) > 0.7 and melts incongruently into an Fe-Ni alloy + liquid. The (Fe,Ni)3S2 makes a complete solid solution and melts incongruently into (Fe,Ni)S + liquid, whose structure was determined to show Cmcm-orthorhombic symmetry by in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction experiments. The eutectic contains about 30 at.% of S, and its temperature decreases with increasing Ni content with a rate of ∼5 K/at.% from 1175 K. The density of the Fe-FeS eutectic composition (Fe70S30) liquid is evaluated to be 6.93 ± 0.08 g/cm3 at 15 GPa and 1200 K based on the Clausius-Clapeyron relations and densities of subsolidus phases. The Fe-Ni-S liquids are a primary sulfur-bearing phase in the deep mantle with a reducing condition (250-660 km depth), and they would play a significant role in the carbon cycle as a carbon host as well as in the generation of diamond.

  7. Crystal structure of N-(1-allyl-3-chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Chigr, Mohamed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-09-01

    The 3-chloro-1H-indazole system in the title mol-ecule, C17H16ClN3O2S, is almost planar, with the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.029 (2) Å for one of the N atoms. This system is nearly perpendicular to the allyl chain, as indicated by the C-C-N-N torsion angle of -90.1 (6)° between them. The allyl group is split into two fragments, the major component has a site occupancy of 0.579 (7). The indazole system makes a dihedral angle of 47.53 (10)° with the plane through the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

  8. Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. XI. Orbits for Southern S-type Systems: Hen 3-461, SY Mus, Hen 3-828, AND AR Pav

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fekel, Francis C.; Hinkle, Kenneth H.; Joyce, Richard R.; Wood, Peter R.

    2017-01-01

    Employing new infrared radial velocities, we have computed spectroscopic orbits of the cool giants in four southern S-type symbiotic systems. The orbits for two of the systems, Hen 3-461 and Hen 3-828, have been determined for the first time, while orbits of the other two, SY Mus and AR Pav, have previously been determined. For the latter two systems, we compare our results with those in the literature. The low mass of the secondary of SY Mus suggests that it has gone through a common envelope phase. Hen 3-461 has an orbital period of 2271 days, one of the longest currently known for S-type symbiotic systems. That period is very different from the orbital period proposed previously from its photometric variations. The other three binaries have periods between 600 and 700 day, values that are typical for S-type symbiotic orbits. Basic properties of the M giant components and the distance to each system are determined.

  9. Numerical Validation of the N3S-NATUR Code for Supersonic Nozzles and Afterbody Flows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perrot, Y.; Hadjadj, A.

    2005-02-01

    A numerical investigation was conducted to assess the ability of the three-dimensional Navier-Stokes solver, N3S-Natur [1], using the k-ω SST turbulence model when computing nozzle-afterbody flows with propulsive jets. Three nozzle configurations were selected as test cases for the computational method: the first is the ONERA TIC nozzle, the second is an axisymmetric boat-tailed afterbody configuration and the third is a fully 3D transonic nozzle. In most situations, internal and external flow-field regions are modeled. The obtained results are carefully analyzed and compared to the experimental data. A three-dimensional computation was done to make evidence of 3D phenomena which are not negligible. A particular attention was payed to the appearance of a recirculation zone on the afterbody.

  10. Density-functional theory applied to d- and f-electron systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Xueyuan

    Density functional theory (DFT) has been applied to study the electronic and geometric structures of prototype d- and f-electron systems. For the d-electron system, all electron DFT with gradient corrections to the exchange and correlation functionals has been used to investigate the properties of small neutral and cationic vanadium clusters. Results are in good agreement with available experimental and other theoretical data. For the f-electron system, a hybrid DFT, namely, B3LYP (Becke's 3-parameter hybrid functional using the correlation functional of Lee, Yang and Parr) with relativistic effective core potentials and cluster models has been applied to investigate the nature of chemical bonding of both the bulk and the surfaces of plutonium monoxide and dioxide. Using periodic models, the electronic and geometric structures of PuO2 and its (110) surface, as well as water adsorption on this surface have also been investigated using DFT in both local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) formalisms.

  11. Activation of the manganese(I) tricarbonyl core by selective variation of bidentate ligands (L,L'-Bid = N,N' and N,O donor atom sets) in fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(CH3OH)](n) complexes.

    PubMed

    Twala, T N; Schutte-Smith, M; Roodt, A; Visser, H G

    2015-02-21

    A range of fac-[Mn(CO)3(L,L'-Bid)(H2O)](n) (L,L'-Bid = neutral or monoanionic bidentate ligands with varied L,L' donor atoms, N,N' and N,O, 1,10-phenanthroline, 2,2'-bipyridine, 2-picolinate, 2,4-quinolinate; n = 0, +1) has been synthesized and the methanol substitution has been investigated for the first time. The complexes were characterized by UV/vis, IR and NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallographic studies of the compounds fac-[Mn(CO)3(Bipy)(H2O)][CF3SO3] () and fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(H2O)][CF3SO3] () are reported. A two order-of-magnitude of activation for the methanol substitution is induced as manifested by the second order rate constants with (N,N'-Bid) < (N,O-Bid). Forward and reverse rate and stability constants from slow and stopped-flow UV/vis measurements (k1, M(-1) s(-1); k-1, s(-1); K1, M(-1)) for pyridine as entering nucleophile are as follows: fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(CH3OH)](+) (2.39 ± 5) × 10(-3), (1.5 ± 0.3) × 10(-5), 159 ± 32; fac-[Mn(CO)3(2,4-QuinH)(CH3OH)] (4.5 ± 0.2), (4 ± 1) × 10(-2), 113 ± 29. Activation parameters (ΔH, kJ mol(-1); ΔS, J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Mn(CO)3(Phen)(CH3OH)](+) (bromide ions) 66.7 ± 0.6, -27 ± 2; (pyridine) 80 ± 3, -25 ± 11; fac-[Mn(CO)3(Pico)(CH3OH)] (bromide ions) 68 ± 2, -24 ± 5. A dissociative interchange mechanism is proposed.

  12. Synthesis and characterization of sulfur-voided cubanes. Structural analogues for the MoFe(3)S(3) subunit in the nitrogenase cofactor.

    PubMed

    Coucouvanis, Dimitri; Han, Jaehong; Moon, Namdoo

    2002-01-16

    A new class of Mo/Fe/S clusters with the MoFe(3)S(3) core has been synthesized in attempts to model the FeMo-cofactor in nitrogenase. These clusters are obtained in reactions of the (Cl(4)-cat)(2)Mo(2)Fe(6)S(8)(PR(3))(6) [R = Et (I), (n)Pr (II)] clusters with CO. The new clusters include those preliminarily reported: (Cl(4)-cat)MoFe(3)S(3)(PEt(3))(2)(CO)(6) (III), (Cl(4)-cat)(O)MoFe(3)S(3)(PEt(3))(3)(CO)(5) (IV), (Cl(4)-cat)(Pyr)MoFe(3)S(3)(PEt(3))(2)(CO)(6) (VI), and (Cl(4)-cat)(Pyr)MoFe(3)S(3)(P(n)Pr(3))(3)(CO)(4) (VIII). In addition the new (Cl(4)-cat)(O)MoFe(3)S(3)(P(n)Pr(3))(3)(CO)(5) cluster (IVa), the (Cl(4)-cat)(O)MoFe(3)S(3)(PEt(3))(2)(CO)(6)cluster (V), the (Cl(4)-cat)(O)MoFe(3)S(3)(P(n)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(6) cluster (Va), the (Cl(4)-cat)(Pyr)MoFe(3)S(3)(P(n)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(6) cluster (VIa), and the (Cl(4)-cat)(P(n)Pr(3))MoFe(3)S(3)(P(n)Pr(3))(2)(CO)(6) cluster (VII) also are reported. Clusters III-VIII have been structurally and spectroscopically characterized. EPR, zero-field (57)Fe-Mössbauer spectroscopic characterizations, and magnetic susceptibility measurements have been used for a tentative assignment of the electronic and oxidation states of the MoFe(3)S(3) sulfur-voided cuboidal clusters. A structural comparison of the clusters with the MoFe(3)S(3) subunit of the FeMo-cofactor has led to the suggestion that the storage of reducing equivalents into M-M bonds, and their use in the reduction of substrates, may occur with the FeMo-cofactor, which also appears to have M-M bonding. On the basis of this argument, a possible N(2)-binding and reduction mechanism on the FeMoco-cofactor is proposed.

  13. Nonequilibrium dynamics of the O( N ) model on dS3 and AdS crunches

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kumar, S. Prem; Vaganov, Vladislav

    2018-03-01

    We study the nonperturbative quantum evolution of the interacting O( N ) vector model at large- N , formulated on a spatial two-sphere, with time dependent couplings which diverge at finite time. This model - the so-called "E-frame" theory, is related via a conformal transformation to the interacting O( N ) model in three dimensional global de Sitter spacetime with time independent couplings. We show that with a purely quartic, relevant deformation the quantum evolution of the E-frame model is regular even when the classical theory is rendered singular at the end of time by the diverging coupling. Time evolution drives the E-frame theory to the large- N Wilson-Fisher fixed point when the classical coupling diverges. We study the quantum evolution numerically for a variety of initial conditions and demonstrate the finiteness of the energy at the classical "end of time". With an additional (time dependent) mass deformation, quantum backreaction lowers the mass, with a putative smooth time evolution only possible in the limit of infinite quartic coupling. We discuss the relevance of these results for the resolution of crunch singularities in AdS geometries dual to E-frame theories with a classical gravity dual.

  14. [(S)-1-Carbamoylethyl]bis(dimethylglyoximato-kappa2N,N')[(S)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) and bis(dimethylglyoximato-kappa2N,N')[(R)-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl][(R)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) monohydrate.

    PubMed

    Orisaku, Keiko Komori; Hagiwara, Mieko; Ohgo, Yoshiki; Arai, Yoshifusa; Ohgo, Yoshiaki

    2005-04-01

    The title complexes, [Co(C3H6NO)(C4H7N2O2)2(C8H11N)] and [Co(C4H8NO)(C4H7N2O2)2(C8H11N)].H2O, were resolved from [(RS)-1-carbamoylethyl]bis(dimethylglyoximato)[(S)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III) and bis(dimethylglyoximato)[(RS)-1-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl][(R)-1-phenylethylamine]cobalt(III), respectively, and their crystal structures were determined in order to reveal the absolute configuration of the major enantiomer produced in the photoisomerization of each series of 2-carbamoylethyl and 2-(N-methylcarbamoyl)ethyl cobaloxime complexes.

  15. Roles for N-terminal Extracellular Domains of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor (nAChR) β3 Subunits in Enhanced Functional Expression of Mouse α6β2β3- and α6β4β3-nAChRs*

    PubMed Central

    Dash, Bhagirathi; Li, Ming D.; Lukas, Ronald J.

    2014-01-01

    Functional heterologous expression of naturally expressed mouse α6*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (mα6*-nAChRs; where “*” indicates the presence of additional subunits) has been difficult. Here we expressed and characterized wild-type (WT), gain-of-function, chimeric, or gain-of-function chimeric nAChR subunits, sometimes as hybrid nAChRs containing both human (h) and mouse (m) subunits, in Xenopus oocytes. Hybrid mα6mβ4hβ3- (∼5–8-fold) or WT mα6mβ4mβ3-nAChRs (∼2-fold) yielded higher function than mα6mβ4-nAChRs. Function was not detected when mα6 and mβ2 subunits were expressed together or in the additional presence of hβ3 or mβ3 subunits. However, function emerged upon expression of mα6mβ2mβ3V9′S-nAChRs containing β3 subunits having gain-of-function V9′S (valine to serine at the 9′-position) mutations in transmembrane domain II and was further elevated 9-fold when hβ3V9′S subunits were substituted for mβ3V9′S subunits. Studies involving WT or gain-of-function chimeric mouse/human β3 subunits narrowed the search for domains that influence functional expression of mα6*-nAChRs. Using hβ3 subunits as templates for site-directed mutagenesis studies, substitution with mβ3 subunit residues in extracellular N-terminal domain loops “C” (Glu221 and Phe223), “E” (Ser144 and Ser148), and “β2-β3” (Gln94 and Glu101) increased function of mα6mβ2*- (∼2–3-fold) or mα6mβ4* (∼2–4-fold)-nAChRs. EC50 values for nicotine acting at mα6mβ4*-nAChR were unaffected by β3 subunit residue substitutions in loop C or E. Thus, amino acid residues located in primary (loop C) or complementary (loops β2-β3 and E) interfaces of β3 subunits are some of the molecular impediments for functional expression of mα6mβ2β3- or mα6mβ4β3-nAChRs. PMID:25028511

  16. Applied Information Systems Research Program Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bredekamp, Joe

    1991-01-01

    Viewgraphs on Applied Information Systems Research Program Workshop are presented. Topics covered include: the Earth Observing System Data and Information System; the planetary data system; Astrophysics Data System project review; OAET Computer Science and Data Systems Programs; the Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences; and CASIS background.

  17. Nosé-Thermostated Mechanical Systems on the n-Torus

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Butler, Leo T.

    2018-02-01

    Let {H(q,p) = 1/2{allel p allel}^2 + V(q)} be an n-degree of freedom C r mechanical Hamiltonian on {T^{*}{T}^n} where {r > 2n+2}. When the metric {{allel \\cdot allel}} is flat, the Nosé-thermostated system associated to H is shown to have a positive-measure set of invariant tori near the infinite temperature limit. This is shown to be true for all variable mass thermostats similar to Nosé's, too. These results complement results of Bulter (Nonlinearity 11(29):3454-3463, 2016), Legoll et al. (Arch Ration Mech Anal 184(3):449-463, 2007, Nonlinearity 22(7):1673-1694, 2009).

  18. Bottom-up substitution assembly of AuF4-n0,-+nPO3 (n = 1-4): a theoretical study of novel oxyfluoride hyperhalogen molecules and anions AuF4-n(PO3)n0,-

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Yi-fan; Cui, Zhong-hua; Ding, Yi-hong

    2014-06-01

    Compounds with high electron affinity, i.e. superhalogens, have continued to attract chemists' attention, due to their potential importance in fundamental chemistry and materials science. It has now proven very effective to build up novel superhalogens with multi-positively charged centres, which are usually called 'hyperhalogens'. Herein, using AuF4- and PO3 as the model building blocks, we made the first attempt to design the Au,P-based hyperhalogen anions AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) at the B3LYP/6-311+G(d)&SDD and CCSD(T)/6-311+G(d)&SDD (single-point) levels (6-311+G(d) for O, F, P and SDD for Au). Notably, for all the considered Au,P systems, the ground state bears a dioxo-bonded structure with n3, which is significantly more stable than the usually presumed mono-oxo-bonded one. Moreover, the clustering of the -PO3 moieties becomes energetically favoured for n3. The ground states of AuP4O120,- are the first reported cage-like oxide hyperhalogens. Thus, the -PO3 moiety cannot be retained during the 'bottom-up' assembly. The vertical detachment energy (VDE) value of the most stable AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) ranges from 7.16 to 8.20 eV, higher than the VDE values of the corresponding building blocks AuF4- (7.08 eV) and PO3- (4.69 eV). The adiabatic detachment energy values of these four hyperhalogens exceed 6.00 eV. Possible generation routes for AuF4-n(PO3)n- (n = 1-4) were discussed. The presently designed oxyfluorides not only enriches the family of hyperhalogens, but also demonstrates the great importance of considering the structural transformation during the superhalogen → hyperhalogen design such as for the present Au-P based systems.

  19. Applying Model Based Systems Engineering to NASA's Space Communications Networks

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bhasin, Kul; Barnes, Patrick; Reinert, Jessica; Golden, Bert

    2013-01-01

    System engineering practices for complex systems and networks now require that requirement, architecture, and concept of operations product development teams, simultaneously harmonize their activities to provide timely, useful and cost-effective products. When dealing with complex systems of systems, traditional systems engineering methodology quickly falls short of achieving project objectives. This approach is encumbered by the use of a number of disparate hardware and software tools, spreadsheets and documents to grasp the concept of the network design and operation. In case of NASA's space communication networks, since the networks are geographically distributed, and so are its subject matter experts, the team is challenged to create a common language and tools to produce its products. Using Model Based Systems Engineering methods and tools allows for a unified representation of the system in a model that enables a highly related level of detail. To date, Program System Engineering (PSE) team has been able to model each network from their top-level operational activities and system functions down to the atomic level through relational modeling decomposition. These models allow for a better understanding of the relationships between NASA's stakeholders, internal organizations, and impacts to all related entities due to integration and sustainment of existing systems. Understanding the existing systems is essential to accurate and detailed study of integration options being considered. In this paper, we identify the challenges the PSE team faced in its quest to unify complex legacy space communications networks and their operational processes. We describe the initial approaches undertaken and the evolution toward model based system engineering applied to produce Space Communication and Navigation (SCaN) PSE products. We will demonstrate the practice of Model Based System Engineering applied to integrating space communication networks and the summary of its

  20. 34 CFR 490.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIFE SKILLS FOR STATE AND LOCAL PRISONERS PROGRAM General § 490.3 What regulations apply? The following regulations apply to the Life Skills for State and Local Prisoners Program: (a) The...

  1. Cocrystals of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil: N-H···O versus N-H···S hydrogen bonds.

    PubMed

    Tutughamiarso, Maya; Egert, Ernst

    2011-11-01

    In order to investigate the relative stability of N-H···O and N-H···S hydrogen bonds, we cocrystallized the antithyroid drug 6-propyl-2-thiouracil with two complementary heterocycles. In the cocrystal pyrimidin-2-amine-6-propyl-2-thiouracil (1/2), C(4)H(5)N(3)·2C(7)H(10)N(2)OS, (I), the `base pair' is connected by one N-H···S and one N-H···N hydrogen bond. Homodimers of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil linked by two N-H···S hydrogen bonds are observed in the cocrystal N-(6-acetamidopyridin-2-yl)acetamide-6-propyl-2-thiouracil (1/2), C(9)H(11)N(3)O(2)·2C(7)H(10)N(2)OS, (II). The crystal structure of 6-propyl-2-thiouracil itself, C(7)H(10)N(2)OS, (III), is stabilized by pairwise N-H···O and N-H···S hydrogen bonds. In all three structures, N-H···S hydrogen bonds occur only within R(2)(2)(8) patterns, whereas N-H···O hydrogen bonds tend to connect the homo- and heterodimers into extended networks. In agreement with related structures, the hydrogen-bonding capability of C=O and C=S groups seems to be comparable.

  2. CF₃CF₂N=S(F)CF₃: vibrational spectra and conformational properties.

    PubMed

    Robles, Norma L; Oberhammer, Heinz; Mews, Rüdiger; Cutin, Edgardo H

    2014-05-05

    The structural, conformational, and configurational properties of 1,1,1-trifluoro-N-(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl) methanesulfinimidoyl fluoride, CF3CF2N=S(F)CF3 have been studied by vibrational spectroscopy [IR (vapor) and Raman (liquid)] and quantum chemical calculations [B3LYP, MP2 and B3PW91 levels of theory (using the 6-311+G(d) and 6-311+G(2df) basis sets). According to these theoretical approximations, CF3CF2N=S(F)CF3 might be found in the gas phase as a mixture of a favoured anticlinal form (C-N bond anticlinal with respect to the C-S-F bisector angle) and a less abundant syn conformer showing C1 symmetry as well (ΔG°≈1.5 kcal mol(-1)). However, corresponding vibrational modes for these conformers show only small shifts which would not allow confidently detecting the rather small contribution of this second form in the experimental spectra. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  3. Indentation fracture assessment of residual stress in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wu, K.H.; Liu, K.C.; Sentella, M.

    1996-12-31

    The measurement of residual stress in Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} ceramics was examined using the indentation technique while a bar specimen with a square cross-section was loaded in tension, and an indentation was created by means of a Vicker`s indenter. The stress applied to the specimen ranged from 0 to 98.8 MPa. The crack length and the shape of the crack were measured by both optical and scanning electron microscopes. Results of the tests indicate that the indentation fracture method can be used to accurately determine the residual stress existing in the material as well as to predict the K{sub c}more » value of the material. The indentation load must be higher than a critical value in order to develop a well-defined penny-shaped crack. For the Si{sub 3}N{sub 4} this critical load is approximately 3 kg. A geometric constant is an important factor for the calculation of the residual stress.« less

  4. Protectin D1n-3 DPA and resolvin D5n-3 DPA are effectors of intestinal protection

    PubMed Central

    Gobbetti, Thomas; Dalli, Jesmond; Colas, Romain A.; Federici Canova, Donata; Aursnes, Marius; Bonnet, Delphine; Alric, Laurent; Vergnolle, Nathalie; Deraison, Celine; Hansen, Trond V.; Serhan, Charles N.

    2017-01-01

    The resolution of inflammation is an active process orchestrated by specialized proresolving lipid mediators (SPM) that limit the host response within the affected tissue; failure of effective resolution may lead to tissue injury. Because persistence of inflammatory signals is a main feature of chronic inflammatory conditions, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), herein we investigate expression and functions of SPM in intestinal inflammation. Targeted liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based metabololipidomics was used to identify SPMs from n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in human IBD colon biopsies, quantifying a significant up-regulation of the resolvin and protectin pathway compared with normal gut tissue. Systemic treatment with protectin (PD)1n-3 DPA or resolvin (Rv)D5n-3 DPA protected against colitis and intestinal ischemia/reperfusion-induced inflammation in mice. Inhibition of 15-lipoxygenase activity reduced PD1n-3 DPA and augmented intestinal inflammation in experimental colitis. Intravital microscopy of mouse mesenteric venules demonstrated that PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA decreased the extent of leukocyte adhesion and emigration following ischemia-reperfusion. These data were translated by assessing human neutrophil–endothelial interactions under flow: PD1n-3 DPA and RvD5n-3 DPA reduced cell adhesion onto TNF-α–activated human endothelial monolayers. In conclusion, we propose that innovative therapies based on n-3 DPA-derived mediators could be developed to enable antiinflammatory and tissue protective effects in inflammatory pathologies of the gut. PMID:28356517

  5. [Effects of different NO3--N/NH4+-N ratios on cucumber seedlings growth, nitrogen absorption and metabolism under suboptimal temperature and light intensity].

    PubMed

    Zhang, Xiao Cui; Liu, Yu Mei; Bai, Long Qiang; He, Chao Xing; Yu, Xian Chang; Li, Yan Su

    2016-08-01

    Cucumber (cv. Zhongnong 26) was used as material, the effects of NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N ratios on growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber seedlings under suboptimal temperature and light intensity (18 ℃/10 ℃,180 ± 20 μmol·m -2 ·s -1 ) were studied. Total nitrogen in the nutrient solution was equal and three NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N ratios, 26:2, 21:7 and 14:14, were applied as treatments. The results showed that cucumber treated by NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N=21:7 had the longest total root length, the biggest root volume and root surface area, and the maximum number of root tips. H + -ATPase activity and relative expression of genes encoding nitrate transporter (NRT) and ammonium transporter (AMT) in cucumber roots were increased significantly by the treatment of NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N=21:7. In addition, nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate synthase (GOGAT) in cucumber leaves under the treatment of NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N=21:7 were higher. As a result, the nitrogen content and biomass of cucumber were significantly increased. Compared with the plants under the treatment of NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N=26:2 or 14:14, cucumber seedlings under the treatment of NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N=21:7 had the highest biomass and total dry mass (DM) which were increased by 14.0% and 19.3% respectively under suboptimal temperature and light intensity. In conclusion, under suboptimal environmental conditions, NO 3 - -N/NH 4 + -N ratio could be adjusted to increase nitrogen absorption and metabolism of cucumber and alleviate the de-trimental effects caused by suboptimal conditions and promoted the cucumber growth.

  6. A.N. Kolmogorov’s defence of Mendelism

    PubMed Central

    Stark, Alan; Seneta, Eugene

    2011-01-01

    In 1939 N.I. Ermolaeva published the results of an experiment which repeated parts of Mendel’s classical experiments. On the basis of her experiment she concluded that Mendel’s principle that self-pollination of hybrid plants gave rise to segregation proportions 3:1 was false. The great probability theorist A.N. Kolmogorov reviewed Ermolaeva’s data using a test, now referred to as Kolmogorov’s, or Kolmogorov-Smirnov, test, which he had proposed in 1933. He found, contrary to Ermolaeva, that her results clearly confirmed Mendel’s principle. This paper shows that there were methodological flaws in Kolmogorov’s statistical analysis and presents a substantially adjusted approach, which confirms his conclusions. Some historical commentary on the Lysenko-era background is given, to illuminate the relationship of the disciplines of genetics and statistics in the struggle against the prevailing politically-correct pseudoscience in the Soviet Union. There is a Brazilian connection through the person of Th. Dobzhansky. PMID:21734813

  7. Transmission electron microscopy study of the MgS–Tm{sub 2}S{sub 3} system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Varadé-López, R., E-mail: rebeca.varade@ucm.es; Ávila-Brande, D., E-mail: davilabr@ucm.es; Urones-Garrote, E., E-mail: esteban.urones@pdi.ucm.es

    2015-09-15

    This work presents the structural–microstructural characterization of the NaCl-derivative MgS–Tm{sub 2}S{sub 3} system, which can be formulated by the expression Mg{sub (1−x)}Tm{sub (2/3)x}□{sub (1/3)x}S (□→cation vacancy). Transmission electron microscopy observations show the transition between NaCl-type and spinel-type structures when 0 ≤x≤ 0.75. The increase of Tm content in the solid solution provokes the increase of the spinel-type phase proportion, which intergrows with the NaCl-type crystals. When x≥0.75, some phases derived from NaCl-type structure through the chemical twinning at the unit cell level crystallographic operation are observed, such as CT-MgTm{sub 2}S{sub 4} and CT-MgTm{sub 4}S{sub 7}. The existence and nature ofmore » the extended defects observed along the c direction of these structures are characterized by means of Scanning-Transmission electron microscopy high-angle dark field imaging, which allows observing the presence of quasi ordered crystals with new possible complex stoichiometries at atomic resolution. - Graphical abstract: HAADF-STEM image of a disordered CT-MgYb{sub 2}S{sub 4} crystal. The disordered twin-slab sequences are marked by arrows. - Highlights: • Structural evolution of the Mg{sub (1−x)}Tm{sub (2/3)x}□{sub (1/3)x}S system was characterized by means of TEM. • The increase in Tm content provokes the transition from NaCl to spinel-type structure up to x=0.75. • Chemical twinned phases CT-MgTm{sub 2}S{sub 4} and CT-MgTm{sub 4}S{sub 7} are observed at high Tm contents. • Extended defects in CT-crystals are characterized with atomic resolution STEM-HAADF images.« less

  8. Activation of rhenium(I) toward substitution in fac-[Re(N,O'-Bid)(CO)3(HOCH3)] by Schiff-base bidentate ligands (N,O'-Bid).

    PubMed

    Brink, Alice; Visser, Hendrik G; Roodt, Andreas

    2013-08-05

    A series of fac-[Re(N,O'-Bid)(CO)3(L)] (N,O'-Bid = monoanionic bidentate Schiff-base ligands with N,O donor atoms; L = neutral monodentate ligand) has been synthesized, and the methanol substitution reactions have been investigated. The complexes were characterized by NMR, IR, and UV-vis spectroscopy. X-ray crystal structures of the compounds fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)], fac-[Re(Sal-pTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)], fac-[Re(Sal-Ph)(CO)3(HOCH3)], and fac-[Re(Sal-Ph)(CO)3(Py)] (Sal-mTol = 2-(m-tolyliminomethyl)phenolato; Sal-pTol = 2-(p-tolyliminomethyl)phenolato; Sal-Ph = 2-(phenyliminomethyl)phenolato; Py = pyridine) are reported. Significant activation for the methanol substitution is induced by the use of the N,O bidentate ligand as manifested by the second order rate constants, with limiting kinetics being observed for the first time. Rate constants (25 °C) (k1 or k3) and activation parameters (ΔHk‡, kJ mol(-1); ΔSk‡, J K(-1) mol(-1)) from Eyring plots for entering nucleophiles as indicated are as follows: fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] 3-chloropyridine: (k1) 2.33 ± 0.01 M(-1) s(-1); 85.1 ± 0.6, 48 ± 2; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] pyridine: (k1) 1.29 ± 0.02 M(-1) s(-1); 92 ± 2, 66 ± 7; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] 4-picoline: (k1) 1.27 ± 0.05 M(-1) s(-1); 88 ± 2, 53 ± 6; (k3) 3.9 ± 0.03 s(-1); 78 ± 8, 30 ± 27; (kf) 1.7 ± 0.02 M(-1) s(-1); 86 ± 2, 49 ± 6; fac-[Re(Sal-mTol)(CO)3(HOCH3)] DMAP (k3) 1.15 ± 0.02 s(-1); 88 ± 2, 52 ± 7. An interchange dissociative mechanism is proposed.

  9. N-(3-Chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-methylbenzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Amiri, Ouafa; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-02-01

    The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C15H14ClN3O2S, contains two independent mol-ecules showing different conformations: in one mol-ecule, the indazole ring system makes a dihedral angle of 51.5 (1)° with the benzene ring whereas in the other, the indazole unit is almost perpendicular to the benzene ring [dihedral angle 77.7 (1)°]. In the crystal, the mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯N and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a set of four mol-ecules linked in pairs about an inversion centre.

  10. (S)-N-[1-(5-Benzyl-sulfan-yl-1,3,4-oxa-diazol-2-yl)-2-phenyl-eth-yl]-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Syed, Tayyaba; Hameed, Shahid; Jones, Peter G

    2011-11-01

    The title compound, C(24)H(23)N(3)O(3)S(2), crystallizes with two independent mol-ecules in the asymmetric unit. They differ essentially in the orientation of the tolyl rings, between which there is π-π stacking (centroid-centroid distance = 3.01 Å). The absolute configuration was confirmed by the determination of the Flack parameter [x = 0.008 (9)]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by two classical N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds and two weak but very short C-H⋯O(sulfon-yl) inter-actions, forming layers lying parallel to the bc plane.

  11. Crystal structure of N-(3-chloro-1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Gamouh, Ahmed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-09-01

    In the title compound, C15H14ClN3O3S, the dihedral angle between the planes of the indazole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.007 Å) and the benzene ring is 89.05 (7)°. The meth-oxy C atom deviates from its attached ring by 0.196 (3) Å. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds generate R 2 (2)(8) loops. The dimers are connected into [010] chains by C-H⋯O inter-actions.

  12. INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY OF SYMBIOTIC STARS. XI. ORBITS FOR SOUTHERN S-TYPE SYSTEMS: HEN 3-461, SY MUS, HEN 3-828, AND AR PAV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fekel, Francis C.; Hinkle, Kenneth H.; Joyce, Richard R.

    Employing new infrared radial velocities, we have computed spectroscopic orbits of the cool giants in four southern S-type symbiotic systems. The orbits for two of the systems, Hen 3-461 and Hen 3-828, have been determined for the first time, while orbits of the other two, SY Mus and AR Pav, have previously been determined. For the latter two systems, we compare our results with those in the literature. The low mass of the secondary of SY Mus suggests that it has gone through a common envelope phase. Hen 3-461 has an orbital period of 2271 days, one of the longest currently known for S-type symbiotic systems.more » That period is very different from the orbital period proposed previously from its photometric variations. The other three binaries have periods between 600 and 700 day, values that are typical for S-type symbiotic orbits. Basic properties of the M giant components and the distance to each system are determined.« less

  13. Synthesis, characterization, and chiral properties of CoIII2AgI3 pentanuclear, CoIII4ZnII4 octanuclear, and CoIII mononuclear complexes with aza-capped hexadentate-N3S3 thiolate ligands: crystal structures of.

    PubMed

    Tokuda, K; Okamoto, K; Konno, T

    2000-01-24

    The reaction of an S-bridged Co2(III)Ag3(I) pentanuclear complex, [Ag3[Co(aet)3]2][BF4]3 (aet = NH2CH2CH2S-), with paraformaldehyde in basic acetonitrile, followed by adding aqueous ammonia, produced an aza-capped Co2(III)-Ag3(I) complex, [Ag3[Co(L)]2]3+ ([1]3+) (L = N(CH2NHCH2CH2S-)3). The crystal structure of [1]3+ was determined by X-ray crystallography. [1][PF6]3 x H2O, empirical formula C18H44Ag3Co2F18N8OP3S6, crystallizes in the tetragonal space group 142m with a = 13.012(1) A, c = 24.707(2) A, and Z = 4. In [1]3+ the two aza-capped [Co(L)] units are linked by three Ag(I) atoms, such that the two Co(III) atoms are encapsulated in a macrobicyclic metallocage, [Ag3(I)(L)2]3-. [1]3+ was converted to an aza-capped Co4(III)Zn4(II) octanuclear complex, [Zn4O[Co(L)]4]6+ ([2]6+), by reaction with I- in the presence of Zn2+ and ZnO in water. The crystal structure of [2]6+ was also determined by X-ray crystallography. [2][PF6]6 x 8H2O, empirical formula C36H100Co4F36N16O9P6S12Zn4, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2(1/n) with a = 14.33(7) A, b = 25.67(10) A, c = 24.83(6) A, beta = 101.3(3) degrees , and Z = 4. In [2]6+ each of four [Co(L)] units is bound to each trigonal Zn3(II) face of the tetrahedral [Zn4(II)O]6+ core, such that each Co(III) atom is encapsulated in a macrobicyclic [Zn4(II)O(L)] fragment. Treatment of [2]6+ with a basic aqueous solution resulted in a cleavage of the Zn-S bonds to produce an aza-capped Co(III) mononuclear complex, [Co(L)] ([3]), from which [1]3+ is readily reproduced by the reaction with Ag+ in water. All the reactions were found to proceed with retention of the absolute configuration (delta or lambda) of the Co(III) chiral centers; deltadelta-[1]3+, deltadeltadeltadelta-[2]6+, and A-[3] were derived from deltadelta-[Ag3[Co(aet)3]2]3+. The contributions to circular dichroism (CD) from the triple helicity in [1]3+, besides from the asymmetric N and S donor atoms and the Co(III) chiral centers in [1]3+ and [2]6+, were estimated

  14. Large-scale thermal convection of viscous fluids in a faulted system: 3D test case for numerical codes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Magri, Fabien; Cacace, Mauro; Fischer, Thomas; Kolditz, Olaf; Wang, Wenqing; Watanabe, Norihiro

    2017-04-01

    In contrast to simple homogeneous 1D and 2D systems, no appropriate analytical solutions exist to test onset of thermal convection against numerical models of complex 3D systems that account for variable fluid density and viscosity as well as permeability heterogeneity (e.g. presence of faults). Owing to the importance of thermal convection for the transport of energy and minerals, the development of a benchmark test for density/viscosity driven flow is crucial to ensure that the applied numerical models accurately simulate the physical processes at hands. The presented study proposes a 3D test case for the simulation of thermal convection in a faulted system that accounts for temperature dependent fluid density and viscosity. The linear stability analysis recently developed by Malkovsky and Magri (2016) is used to estimate the critical Rayleigh number above which thermal convection of viscous fluids is triggered. The numerical simulations are carried out using the finite element technique. OpenGeoSys (Kolditz et al., 2012) and Moose (Gaston et al., 2009) results are compared to those obtained using the commercial software FEFLOW (Diersch, 2014) to test the ability of widely applied codes in matching both the critical Rayleigh number and the dynamical features of convective processes. The methodology and Rayleigh expressions given in this study can be applied to any numerical model that deals with 3D geothermal processes in faulted basins as by example the Tiberas Basin (Magri et al., 2016). References Kolditz, O., Bauer, S., Bilke, L., Böttcher, N., Delfs, J. O., Fischer, T., U. J. Görke, T. Kalbacher, G. Kosakowski, McDermott, C. I., Park, C. H., Radu, F., Rink, K., Shao, H., Shao, H.B., Sun, F., Sun, Y., Sun, A., Singh, K., Taron, J., Walther, M., Wang,W., Watanabe, N., Wu, Y., Xie, M., Xu, W., Zehner, B., 2012. OpenGeoSys: an open-source initiative for numerical simulation of thermo-hydro-mechanical/chemical (THM/C) processes in porous media. Environmental

  15. N/S Co-Doped 3 D Porous Carbon Nanosheet Networks Enhancing Anode Performance of Sodium-Ion Batteries.

    PubMed

    Zou, Lei; Lai, Yanqing; Hu, Hongxing; Wang, Mengran; Zhang, Kai; Zhang, Peng; Fang, Jing; Li, Jie

    2017-10-12

    A facile and scalable method is realized for the in situ synthesis of N/S co-doped 3 D porous carbon nanosheet networks (NSPCNNs) as anode materials for sodium-ion batteries. During the synthesis, NaCl is used as a template to prepare porous carbon nanosheet networks. In the resultant architecture, the unique 3 D porous architecture ensures a large specific surface area and fast diffusion paths of both electrons and ions. In addition, the import of N/S produces abundant defects, increased interlayer spacings, more active sites, and high electronic conductivity. The obtained products deliver a high specific capacity and excellent long-term cycling performance, specifically, a capacity of 336.2 mA h g -1 at 0.05 A g -1 , remaining as large as 214.9 mA h g -1 after 2000 charge/discharge cycles at 0.5 A g -1 . This material has great prospects for future applications of scalable, low-cost, and environmentally friendly sodium-ion batteries. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  16. Heterologous expression of C. elegans fat-1 decreases the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio and inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    An, Lei, E-mail: anleim@yahoo.com.cn; Pang, Yun-Wei, E-mail: yunweipang@126.com; Gao, Hong-Mei, E-mail: Gaohongmei_123@yahoo.cn

    Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Expression of C. elegans fat-1 reduces the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio in 3T3-L1 cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer fat-1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer fat-1 reduces lipid deposition in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The lower n-6/n-3 ratio induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. -- Abstract: In general, a diet enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) inhibits the development of obesity and decreases adipose tissue. The specific impacts of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs on adipogenesis, however, have not been definitively determined. Traditional in vivo and in vitro supplementation studies have yielded inconsistent or even contradictory results, which likely reflect insufficiently controlledmore » experimental systems. Caenorhabditiselegans fat-1 gene encodes an n-3 fatty acid desaturase, and its heterologous expression represents an effective method both for altering the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio and for evaluating the biological effects of n-3 and n-6 PUFAs. We sought to determine whether a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio could influence adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Lentivirus-mediated introduction of the fat-1 gene into 3T3-L1 preadipocytes significantly reduced the n-6/n-3 ratio and inhibited preadipocyte proliferation and differentiation. In mature adipocytes, fat-1 expression reduced lipid deposition, as measured by Oil Red O staining, and induced apoptosis. Our results indicate that a reduced n-6/n-3 ratio inhibits adipogenesis through several mechanisms and that n-3 PUFAs more effectively inhibit adipogenesis (but not lipogenesis) than do n-6 PUFAs.« less

  17. Biogeochemical Cycling of Fe, S, C, N, and Mo in the 3.2 Ga ocean: Constraints from DXCL-DP Black Shales from Pilbara, Western Australia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamaguchi, K. E.; Naraoka, H.; Ikehara, M.; Ito, T.; Kiyokawa, S.

    2014-12-01

    Records of geochemical cycling of bio-essential, redox-sensitive elements have keys to decipher mysteries of the co-evolution of Earth and life. To obtain insight into biogeochemical cycling of those elements and early evolution of microbial biosphere from high-quality samples, we drilled through Mesoarchean strata in coastal Pilbara (Dixon Island-Cleaverville Drilling Project, see Yamaguchi et al., 2009; Kiyokawa et al., 2012), and obtained 3.2 Ga old drillcores (CL1, CL2, and DX) of sulfide-rich black shales in the Cleaverville Group, Pilbara Supergroup. We conducted a systematic geochemical study involving sequential extractions of Fe, S, C, and N for phase-dependent contents (e.g., pyrite-Fe, reactive-Fe, highly reactive-Fe, unreactive-Fe, pyrite-S, sulfate-S, organic-S, elemental-S, Corg, Ccarb, Norg, and Nclay) and their stable isotope compositions, micro FT-IR and laser Raman spectroscopy for extracted kerogen, in addition to major and trace (redox-sensitive; e.g., Mo) element analysis, for >100 samples. Here we integrate our recent multidisciplinary investigations into the redox state of ocean and nature of microbial biosphere in the ocean 3.2 Ga ago. All of the obtained data are very difficult to explain only by geochemical processes in strictly anoxic environments, where both atmosphere and oceans were completely anoxic, like an environment before the inferred "Great Oxidation Event" when pO2 was lower than 0.00001 PAL (e.g., Holland, 1994). Our extensive data set consistently suggests that oxygenic photosynthesis, bacterial sulfate reduction, and microbially mediated redox-cycling of nitrogen, possibly involving denitrification and N2-fixation, are very likely to have been operating, and may be used as a strong evidence for at least local and temporal existence of oxidized environment as far back as 3.2 Ga ago. Modern-style biogeochemical cycling of Fe, S, C, N, and Mo has been operating since then. The atmosphere-hydrosphere system 3.2 Ga ago would have

  18. Experimental and theoretical investigation of homogeneous gaseous reaction of CO2(g) + nH2O(g) + nNH3(g) → products (n = 1, 2).

    PubMed

    Li, Zhuangjie; Zhang, Baoquan

    2012-09-13

    Decreasing CO2 emissions into the atmosphere is key for reducing global warming. To facilitate the CO2 emission reduction efforts, our laboratory conducted experimental and theoretical investigations of the homogeneous gaseous reaction of CO2(g) + nH2O(g) + nNH3(g) → (NH4)HCO3(s)/(NH4)2CO3(s) (n = 1 and 2) using Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy and ab initio molecular orbital theory. Our FTIR-ATR experimental results indicate that (NH4)2CO3(s) and (NH4)HCO3(s) are formed as aerosol particulate matter when carbon dioxide reacts with ammonia and water in the gaseous phase at room temperature. Ab initio study of this chemical system suggested that the reaction may proceed through formation of NH3·H2O(g), NH3·CO2(g), and CO2·H2O(g) complexes. Subsequent complexes, NH3·H2O·CO2 and (NH3)2·H2O·CO2, can be formed by adding gaseous reactants to the NH3·H2O(g), NH3·CO2(g), and CO2·H2O(g) complexes, respectively. The NH3·H2O·CO2 and (NH3)2·H2O·CO2 complexes can then be rearranged to produce (NH4)HCO3 and (NH4)2CO3 as final products via a transition state, and the NH3 molecule acts as a medium accepting and donating hydrogen atoms in the rearrangement process. Our computational results also reveal that the presence of an additional water molecule can reduce the activation energy of the rearrangement process. The high activation energy predicted in the present work suggests that the reaction is kinetically not favored, and our experimental observation of (NH4)HCO3(s) and (NH4)2CO3(s) may be attributed to the high concentrations of reactants increasing the reaction rate of the title reactions in the reactor.

  19. Measurement of Long-Range Angular Correlation and Quadrupole Anisotropy of Pions and (Anti)Protons in Central d +Au Collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Adare, A.; Aidala, C.; Ajitanand, N. N.; Akiba, Y.; Akimoto, R.; Al-Bataineh, H.; Al-Ta'Ani, H.; Alexander, J.; Andrews, K. R.; Angerami, A.; Aoki, K.; Apadula, N.; Appelt, E.; Aramaki, Y.; Armendariz, R.; Aschenauer, E. C.; Atomssa, E. T.; Averbeck, R.; Awes, T. C.; Azmoun, B.; Babintsev, V.; Bai, M.; Baksay, G.; Baksay, L.; Bannier, B.; Barish, K. N.; Bassalleck, B.; Basye, A. T.; Bathe, S.; Baublis, V.; Baumann, C.; Bazilevsky, A.; Belikov, S.; Belmont, R.; Ben-Benjamin, J.; Bennett, R.; Bhom, J. H.; Blau, D. S.; Bok, J. S.; Boyle, K.; Brooks, M. L.; Broxmeyer, D.; Buesching, H.; Bumazhnov, V.; Bunce, G.; Butsyk, S.; Campbell, S.; Caringi, A.; Castera, P.; Chen, C.-H.; Chi, C. Y.; Chiu, M.; Choi, I. J.; Choi, J. B.; Choudhury, R. K.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, P.; Chvala, O.; Cianciolo, V.; Citron, Z.; Cole, B. A.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Connors, M.; Csanád, M.; Csörgő, T.; Dahms, T.; Dairaku, S.; Danchev, I.; Das, K.; Datta, A.; David, G.; Dayananda, M. K.; Denisov, A.; Deshpande, A.; Desmond, E. J.; Dharmawardane, K. V.; Dietzsch, O.; Dion, A.; Donadelli, M.; Drapier, O.; Drees, A.; Drees, K. A.; Durham, J. M.; Durum, A.; Dutta, D.; D'Orazio, L.; Edwards, S.; Efremenko, Y. V.; Ellinghaus, F.; Engelmore, T.; Enokizono, A.; En'yo, H.; Esumi, S.; Fadem, B.; Fields, D. E.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Fleuret, F.; Fokin, S. L.; Fraenkel, Z.; Frantz, J. E.; Franz, A.; Frawley, A. D.; Fujiwara, K.; Fukao, Y.; Fusayasu, T.; Gal, C.; Garishvili, I.; Glenn, A.; Gong, H.; Gong, X.; Gonin, M.; Goto, Y.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Grau, N.; Greene, S. V.; Grim, G.; Grosse Perdekamp, M.; Gunji, T.; Guo, L.; Gustafsson, H.-Å.; Haggerty, J. S.; Hahn, K. I.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamblen, J.; Han, R.; Hanks, J.; Harper, C.; Hashimoto, K.; Haslum, E.; Hayano, R.; He, X.; Heffner, M.; Hemmick, T. K.; Hester, T.; Hill, J. C.; Hohlmann, M.; Hollis, R. S.; Holzmann, W.; Homma, K.; Hong, B.; Horaguchi, T.; Hori, Y.; Hornback, D.; Huang, S.; Ichihara, T.; Ichimiya, R.; Iinuma, H.; Ikeda, Y.; Imai, K.; Inaba, M.; Iordanova, A.; Isenhower, D.; Ishihara, M.; Issah, M.; Ivanischev, D.; Iwanaga, Y.; Jacak, B. V.; Jia, J.; Jiang, X.; Jin, J.; John, D.; Johnson, B. M.; Jones, T.; Joo, K. S.; Jouan, D.; Jumper, D. S.; Kajihara, F.; Kamin, J.; Kaneti, S.; Kang, B. H.; Kang, J. H.; Kang, J. S.; Kapustinsky, J.; Karatsu, K.; Kasai, M.; Kawall, D.; Kawashima, M.; Kazantsev, A. V.; Kempel, T.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kijima, K. M.; Kikuchi, J.; Kim, A.; Kim, B. I.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, E.-J.; Kim, Y.-J.; Kim, Y. K.; Kinney, E.; Kiss, Á.; Kistenev, E.; Kleinjan, D.; Kline, P.; Kochenda, L.; Komkov, B.; Konno, M.; Koster, J.; Kotov, D.; Král, A.; Kravitz, A.; Kunde, G. J.; Kurita, K.; Kurosawa, M.; Kwon, Y.; Kyle, G. S.; Lacey, R.; Lai, Y. S.; Lajoie, J. G.; Lebedev, A.; Lee, D. M.; Lee, J.; Lee, K. B.; Lee, K. S.; Lee, S. H.; Lee, S. R.; Leitch, M. J.; Leite, M. A. L.; Li, X.; Lichtenwalner, P.; Liebing, P.; Lim, S. H.; Linden Levy, L. A.; Liška, T.; Liu, H.; Liu, M. X.; Love, B.; Lynch, D.; Maguire, C. F.; Makdisi, Y. I.; Malik, M. D.; Manion, A.; Manko, V. I.; Mannel, E.; Mao, Y.; Masui, H.; Matathias, F.; McCumber, M.; McGaughey, P. L.; McGlinchey, D.; McKinney, C.; Means, N.; Mendoza, M.; Meredith, B.; Miake, Y.; Mibe, T.; Mignerey, A. C.; Miki, K.; Milov, A.; Mitchell, J. T.; Miyachi, Y.; Mohanty, A. K.; Moon, H. J.; Morino, Y.; Morreale, A.; Morrison, D. P.; Motschwiller, S.; Moukhanova, T. V.; Murakami, T.; Murata, J.; Nagamiya, S.; Nagle, J. L.; Naglis, M.; Nagy, M. I.; Nakagawa, I.; Nakamiya, Y.; Nakamura, K. R.; Nakamura, T.; Nakano, K.; Nam, S.; Newby, J.; Nguyen, M.; Nihashi, M.; Nouicer, R.; Nyanin, A. S.; Oakley, C.; O'Brien, E.; Oda, S. X.; Ogilvie, C. A.; Oka, M.; Okada, K.; Onuki, Y.; Oskarsson, A.; Ouchida, M.; Ozawa, K.; Pak, R.; Pantuev, V.; Papavassiliou, V.; Park, B. H.; Park, I. H.; Park, S. K.; Park, W. J.; Pate, S. F.; Patel, L.; Pei, H.; Peng, J.-C.; Pereira, H.; Peressounko, D. Yu.; Petti, R.; Pinkenburg, C.; Pisani, R. P.; Proissl, M.; Purschke, M. L.; Qu, H.; Rak, J.; Ravinovich, I.; Read, K. F.; Rembeczki, S.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Riabov, Y.; Richardson, E.; Roach, D.; Roche, G.; Rolnick, S. D.; Rosati, M.; Rosen, C. A.; Rosendahl, S. S. E.; Ružička, P.; Sahlmueller, B.; Saito, N.; Sakaguchi, T.; Sakashita, K.; Samsonov, V.; Sano, S.; Sarsour, M.; Sato, T.; Savastio, M.; Sawada, S.; Sedgwick, K.; Seele, J.; Seidl, R.; Seto, R.; Sharma, D.; Shein, I.; Shibata, T.-A.; Shigaki, K.; Shim, H. H.; Shimomura, M.; Shoji, K.; Shukla, P.; Sickles, A.; Silva, C. L.; Silvermyr, D.; Silvestre, C.; Sim, K. S.; Singh, B. K.; Singh, C. P.; Singh, V.; Slunečka, M.; Sodre, T.; Soltz, R. A.; Sondheim, W. E.; Sorensen, S. P.; Sourikova, I. V.; Stankus, P. W.; Stenlund, E.; Stoll, S. P.; Sugitate, T.; Sukhanov, A.; Sun, J.; Sziklai, J.; Takagui, E. M.; Takahara, A.; Taketani, A.; Tanabe, R.; Tanaka, Y.; Taneja, S.; Tanida, K.; Tannenbaum, M. J.; Tarafdar, S.; Taranenko, A.; Tennant, E.; Themann, H.; Thomas, D.; Thomas, T. L.; Togawa, M.; Toia, A.; Tomášek, L.; Tomášek, M.; Torii, H.; Towell, R. S.; Tserruya, I.; Tsuchimoto, Y.; Utsunomiya, K.; Vale, C.; Valle, H.; van Hecke, H. W.; Vazquez-Zambrano, E.; Veicht, A.; Velkovska, J.; Vértesi, R.; Virius, M.; Vossen, A.; Vrba, V.; Vznuzdaev, E.; Wang, X. R.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, K.; Watanabe, Y.; Watanabe, Y. S.; Wei, F.; Wei, R.; Wessels, J.; White, S. N.; Winter, D.; Woody, C. L.; Wright, R. M.; Wysocki, M.; Yamaguchi, Y. L.; Yamaura, K.; Yang, R.; Yanovich, A.; Ying, J.; Yokkaichi, S.; Yoo, J. S.; You, Z.; Young, G. R.; Younus, I.; Yushmanov, I. E.; Zajc, W. A.; Zelenski, A.; Zhou, S.; Phenix Collaboration

    2015-05-01

    We present azimuthal angular correlations between charged hadrons and energy deposited in calorimeter towers in central d +Au and minimum bias p +p collisions at √{sN N }=200 GeV . The charged hadron is measured at midrapidity |η |<0.35 , and the energy is measured at large rapidity (-3.7 <η <-3.1 , Au-going direction). An enhanced near-side angular correlation across |Δ η |>2.75 is observed in d +Au collisions. Using the event plane method applied to the Au-going energy distribution, we extract the anisotropy strength v2 for inclusive charged hadrons at midrapidity up to pT=4.5 GeV /c . We also present the measurement of v2 for identified π± and (anti)protons in central d +Au collisions, and observe a mass-ordering pattern similar to that seen in heavy-ion collisions. These results are compared with viscous hydrodynamic calculations and measurements from p +Pb at √{sN N }=5.02 TeV . The magnitude of the mass ordering in d +Au is found to be smaller than that in p +Pb collisions, which may indicate smaller radial flow in lower energy d +Au collisions.

  20. Bis(O-n-butyl dithio­carbonato-κ2 S,S′)bis­(pyridine-κN)manganese(II)

    PubMed Central

    Alam, Naveed; Ehsan, Muhammad Ali; Zeller, Matthias; Mazhar, Muhammad; Arifin, Zainudin

    2011-01-01

    The structure of the title manganese complex, [Mn(C5H9OS2)2(C5H5N)2] or [Mn(S2CO-n-Bu)2(C5H5N)2], consists of discrete monomeric entities with Mn2+ ions located on centres of inversion. The metal atom is coordinated by a six-coordinate trans-N2S4 donor set with the pyridyl N atoms located in the apical positions. The observed slight deviations from octa­hedral geometry are caused by the bite angle of the bidentate κ2-S2CO-n-Bu ligands [69.48 (1)°]. The O(CH2)3(CH3) chains of the O-n-butyl dithio­carbonate units are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.589 (2):0.411 (2). PMID:22090847

  1. Characteristics of Al2O3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in the remelting process of bearing steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Liang; Cheng, Guo-guang

    2017-08-01

    The Al2O3, MnS, and TiN inclusions in bearing steel will deteriorate the steel's mechanical properties. Therefore, elucidating detailed characteristics of these inclusions in consumable electrode during the electroslag remelting process is important for achieving a subsequently clean ingot. In this study, a confocal scanning violet laser microscope was used to simulate the remelting process and observe, in real time, the behaviors of inclusions. The obtained images show that, after the temperature exceeded the steel solidus temperature, MnS and TiN inclusions in the specimen began to dissolve. Higher temperatures led to faster dissolution, and the inclusions disappeared before the steel was fully liquid. In the case of an observed Al2O3 inclusion, its shape changed from angular to a smooth ellipsoid in the region where the solid and liquid coexisted and it began to dissolve as the temperature continued to increase. This dissolution was driven by the difference in oxygen potential between the inclusion and the liquid steel.

  2. Characterization of N-Acylhomoserine Lactones Produced by Bacteria Isolated from Industrial Cooling Water Systems.

    PubMed

    Okutsu, Noriya; Morohoshi, Tomohiro; Xie, Xiaonan; Kato, Norihiro; Ikeda, Tsukasa

    2015-12-30

    The cooling water systems are used to remove heat generated in the various industries. Biofouling of the cooling water systems causes blocking of condenser pipes and the heat exchanger tubes. In many Gram-negative bacteria, N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) are used as quorum-sensing signal molecule and associated with biofilm formation. To investigate the relationship between quorum sensing and biofouling in the cooling water system, we isolated a total of 192 bacterial strains from the five cooling water systems, and screened for AHL production. Seven isolates stimulated AHL-mediated purple pigment production in AHL reporter strain Chromobacterium violaceum CV026 or VIR07. Based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences, AHL-producing isolates were assigned to Aeromonas hydrophila, Lysobacter sp., Methylobacterium oryzae, and Bosea massiliensis. To the best of our knowledge, B. massiliensis and Lysobacter sp. have not been reported as AHL-producing species in the previous researches. AHLs extracted from the culture supernatants of B. massiliensis and Lysobacter sp. were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. AHLs produced by B. massiliensis were assigned as N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL), and N-(3-oxooctanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C8-HSL). AHLs produced by Lysobacter sp. were assigned as N-decanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C10-HSL) and N-(3-oxodecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C10-HSL). This is the first report of identification of AHLs produced by B. massiliensis and Lysobacter sp. isolated from the cooling water system.

  3. The luminescence properties of the heteroleptic [Re(CO)3(N∩N)Cl] and [Re(CO)3(N∩N)(CH3CN)](+) complexes in view of the combined Marcus-Jortner and Mulliken-Hush formalism.

    PubMed

    Woźna, Agnieszka; Kapturkiewicz, Andrzej

    2015-11-11

    The luminescence properties of the heteroleptic fac-Re(CO)3(+) complexes with α-diimine N∩N ligands, neutral [Re(CO)3(N∩N)Cl] and cationic [Re(CO)3(N∩N)(CH3CN)](+) species, have been studied in acetonitrile solutions at room temperature. The investigated complexes exhibit the metal to ligand charge-transfer (MLCT) phosphorescence with the emission characteristics strongly affected by the nature of coordinated α-diimine N∩N ligands. The observed trends can be quantitatively described by invoking the electronic interactions between (3)*LC and (3)*MLCT states as well as the spin-orbit interactions between (3)*MLCT and (1)*MLCT states, respectively. All quantities necessary for the description can be straightforwardly accounted from analysis of the radiative (1)*MLCT ← S0 and (3)*MLCT → S0 charge transfer processes. It is also demonstrated that the radiative kr and non-radiative knr decay rate constants of the excited (3)*MLCT states can be interpreted within the same set of parameters. As expected from the Mulliken-Hush formalism the both processes are strictly related that allows prediction of the non-radiative knr rate constants using the parameters available from analysis of the radiative (1)*MLCT ← S0 and (3)*MLCT → S0 charge transfer processes.

  4. Left-invariant Einstein metrics on S3 ×S3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Belgun, Florin; Cortés, Vicente; Haupt, Alexander S.; Lindemann, David

    2018-06-01

    The classification of homogeneous compact Einstein manifolds in dimension six is an open problem. We consider the remaining open case, namely left-invariant Einstein metrics g on G = SU(2) × SU(2) =S3 ×S3. Einstein metrics are critical points of the total scalar curvature functional for fixed volume. The scalar curvature S of a left-invariant metric g is constant and can be expressed as a rational function in the parameters determining the metric. The critical points of S, subject to the volume constraint, are given by the zero locus of a system of polynomials in the parameters. In general, however, the determination of the zero locus is apparently out of reach. Instead, we consider the case where the isotropy group K of g in the group of motions is non-trivial. When K ≇Z2 we prove that the Einstein metrics on G are given by (up to homothety) either the standard metric or the nearly Kähler metric, based on representation-theoretic arguments and computer algebra. For the remaining case K ≅Z2 we present partial results.

  5. Experimental binding energies for the metal complexes [Mg(CH3OH)n](2+), [Ca(CH3OH)n](2+), and [Sr(CH3OH)n](2+) for n in the range 4-20.

    PubMed

    Bruzzi, E; Stace, A J

    2014-10-09

    A supersonic source of clusters has been used to prepare neutral complexes of methanol in association with an alkaline earth metal atom. From these complexes the following metal-containing dications have been generated through electron ionization: [Mg(CH3OH)n](2+), [Ca(CH3OH)n](2+), and [Sr(CH3OH)n](2+), and for n in the range 4-20, kinetic energy release measurements following the evaporation of a single molecule have been undertaken using a high resolution mass spectrometer. Using finite heat bath theory, these data have been transformed into binding energies for individual methanol molecules attached to each of the three cluster systems. In the larger complexes (n > 6) the results exhibit a consistent trend, whereby the experimental binding energy data for all three metal ions are similar, suggesting that the magnitude of the charge rather than charge density influences the strength of the interaction. From a comparison with data recorded previously for (CH3OH)nH(+) it is found that the 2+ charge on a metal ion has an effect on the binding energy of molecules in complexes containing up to 20 solvent molecules. The results recorded for [Ca(CH3OH)n](2+) show evidence of a very marked transition between n = 6 and 7, which is thought to coincide with the completion of a primary solvation shell and the onset of molecules starting to occupy a second and most probably a third shell.

  6. Unique Determinants of Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistance among N3, N7, and N9 Avian Influenza Viruses.

    PubMed

    Song, Min-Suk; Marathe, Bindumadhav M; Kumar, Gyanendra; Wong, Sook-San; Rubrum, Adam; Zanin, Mark; Choi, Young-Ki; Webster, Robert G; Govorkova, Elena A; Webby, Richard J

    2015-11-01

    Human infections with avian influenza viruses are a serious public health concern. The neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs) are the frontline anti-influenza drugs and are the major option for treatment of newly emerging influenza. Therefore, it is essential to identify the molecular markers of NAI resistance among specific NA subtypes of avian influenza viruses to help guide clinical management. NAI-resistant substitutions in NA subtypes other than N1 and N2 have been poorly studied. Here, we identified NA amino acid substitutions associated with NAI resistance among influenza viruses of N3, N7, and N9 subtypes which have been associated with zoonotic transmission. We applied random mutagenesis and generated recombinant influenza viruses carrying single or double NA substitution(s) with seven internal genes from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) virus. In a fluorescence-based NA inhibition assay, we identified three categories of NA substitutions associated with reduced inhibition by NAIs (oseltamivir, zanamivir, and peramivir): (i) novel subtype-specific substitutions in or near the enzyme catalytic site (R152W, A246T, and D293N, N2 numbering), (ii) subtype-independent substitutions (E119G/V and/or D and R292K), and (iii) substitutions previously reported in other subtypes (Q136K, I222M, and E276D). Our data show that although some markers of resistance are present across NA subtypes, other subtype-specific markers can only be determined empirically. The number of humans infected with avian influenza viruses is increasing, raising concerns of the emergence of avian influenza viruses resistant to neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs). Since most studies have focused on NAI-resistance in human influenza viruses, we investigated the molecular changes in NA that could confer NAI resistance in avian viruses grown in immortalized monolayer cells, especially those of the N3, N7, and N9 subtypes, which have caused human infections. We identified not only numerous NAI

  7. Microbial N Transformations and N2O Emission after Simulated Grassland Cultivation: Effects of the Nitrification Inhibitor 3,4-Dimethylpyrazole Phosphate (DMPP).

    PubMed

    Duan, Yun-Feng; Kong, Xian-Wang; Schramm, Andreas; Labouriau, Rodrigo; Eriksen, Jørgen; Petersen, Søren O

    2017-01-01

    Grassland cultivation can mobilize large pools of N in the soil, with the potential for N leaching and N 2 O emissions. Spraying with the nitrification inhibitor 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) before cultivation was simulated by use of soil columns in which the residue distribution corresponded to plowing or rotovation to study the effects of soil-residue contact on N transformations. DMPP was sprayed on aboveground parts of ryegrass and white clover plants before incorporation. During a 42-day incubation, soil mineral N dynamics, potential ammonia oxidation (PAO), denitrifying enzyme activity (DEA), nitrifier and denitrifier populations, and N 2 O emissions were investigated. The soil NO 3 - pool was enriched with 15 N to trace sources of N 2 O. Ammonium was rapidly released from decomposing residues, and PAO was stimulated in soil near residues. DMPP effectively reduced NH 4 + transformation irrespective of residue distribution. Ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) were both present, but only the AOB amoA transcript abundance correlated with PAO. DMPP inhibited the transcription of AOB amoA genes. Denitrifier genes and transcripts (nirK, nirS, and clades I and II of nosZ) were recovered, and a correlation was found between nirS mRNA and DEA. DMPP showed no adverse effects on the abundance or activity of denitrifiers. The 15 N enrichment of N 2 O showed that denitrification was responsible for 80 to 90% of emissions. With support from a control experiment without NO 3 - amendment, it was concluded that DMPP will generally reduce the potential for leaching of residue-derived N, whereas the effect of DMPP on N 2 O emissions will be significant only when soil NO 3 - availability is limiting. Residue incorporation following grassland cultivation can lead to mobilization of large pools of N and potentially to significant N losses via leaching and N 2 O emissions. This study proposed a mitigation strategy of applying 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate

  8. System Applies Polymer Powder To Filament Tow

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baucom, Robert M.; Snoha, John J.; Marchello, Joseph M.

    1993-01-01

    Polymer powder applied uniformly and in continuous manner. Powder-coating system applies dry polymer powder to continuous fiber tow. Unique filament-spreading technique, combined with precise control of tension on fibers in system, ensures uniform application of polymer powder to web of spread filaments. Fiber tows impregnated with dry polymer powders ("towpregs") produced for preform-weaving and composite-material-molding applications. System and process valuable to prepreg industry, for production of flexible filament-windable tows and high-temperature polymer prepregs.

  9. Cathodoluminescence study of one-dimensional free-standing widegap-semiconductor nanostructures: GaN nanotubes, Si3N4 nanobelts and ZnS/Si nanowires.

    PubMed

    Sekiguchi, Takashi; Hu, Junqing; Bando, Yoshio

    2004-01-01

    Luminescence properties of one-dimensional free-standing widegap-semiconductor nanostructures were characterized by means of cathodoluminescence (CL). GaN nanopipes, alpha-Si3N4 nanobelts and ZnS/Si nanowires were fabricated by a catalyst-free method, namely grown in an induction furnace from powders. After the observation of morphology by scanning electron microscopy as well as the confirmation of their crystal structures by transmission electron microscopy, their CL spectra and images were observed. The CL spectra mapping as well as the monochromatic CL imaging revealed the variation of the luminescence spectra of different nanowires as well as that along a single wire. These results revealed the optical features of nanostructures.

  10. Volatile compounds of sulfur in the Fe-C-S system at 5.3 GPa and 1300°C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhimulev, E. I.; Sonin, V. M.; Bul'bak, T. A.; Chepurov, A. I.; Tomilenko, A. A.; Pokhilenko, N. P.

    2015-05-01

    This report presents the results of experimental studies of the fluid phase in the Fe-C-S system at high P and T values (5.3 GPa and 1300°C) conforming to diamond synthesis. The samples for experiments were mounted on air; therefore, the volatile compounds detected after the experiments are characterized by a wide variety and complicated composition involving both inorganic and organic components. Among the inorganic compounds, CO2, H2O, N2, SO2, CS2, and COS were detected. The GC/MS analysis revealed hydrocarbons (paraffins, olefins, and arenes), including high-molecular compounds. The formation of heavy hydrocarbons confirms their thermodynamic stability under high pressure. Oxygenated hydrocarbons (alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and ethers) were also detected.

  11. Effect of Zb states on ϒ (3 S )→ϒ (1 S )π π decays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Yun-Hua; Daub, Johanna T.; Guo, Feng-Kun; Kubis, Bastian; Meißner, Ulf-G.; Zou, Bing-Song

    2016-02-01

    Within the framework of dispersion theory, we analyze the dipion transitions between the lightest ϒ states, ϒ (n S )→ϒ (m S )π π with m <n3 . In particular, we consider the possible effects of two intermediate bottomoniumlike exotic states Zb(10610 ) and Zb(10650 ). The π π rescattering effects are taken into account in a model-independent way using dispersion theory. We confirm that matching the dispersive representation to the leading chiral amplitude alone cannot reproduce the peculiar two-peak π π mass spectrum of the decay ϒ (3 S )→ϒ (1 S )π π . The existence of the bottomoniumlike Zb states can naturally explain this anomaly. We also point out the necessity of a proper extraction of the coupling strengths for the Zb states to ϒ (n S )π , which is only possible if a Flatté-like parametrization is used in the data analysis for the Zb states.

  12. Boundedness for a 3D chemotaxis-Stokes system with porous medium diffusion and tensor-valued chemotactic sensitivity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yilong; Li, Xie

    2017-04-01

    This paper deals with the following chemotaxis-Stokes system n_t+u\\cdot nabla nn^m-nabla \\cdot (nS(x,n,c)\\cdot nabla c), &{}quad xin Ω , t>0, c_t+u\\cdot nabla c=Δ c-nf(c),&{}quad xin Ω , t>0, u_t=Δ u+nabla P+nnabla φ ,&quad xin Ω , t>0,\\ nabla \\cdot u=0,&{}quad xin Ω , t>0. under no-flux boundary conditions in a bounded domain Ω subset R3 with smooth boundary, where m≥ 1, φ in W^{1,∞}(Ω ), f and S are given functions with values in [0, ∞) and R^{3× 3}, respectively. Here S satisfies |S(x,n,c)|_0(c)(1+n)^{-α } with α ≥ 0 and some nonnegative nondecreasing function S_0. With the tensor-valued sensitivity S, this system does not possess energy-type functionals which seem to be available only when S is a scalar function. We can establish a priori estimation to overcome this difficulty and explore a relationship between m and α , i.e., m+α >7/6, which insures the global existence of bounded weak solution. Our result covers completely and improves the recent result by Wang and Cao (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst Ser B 20:3235-3254, 2015) which asserts, just in the case m=1, the global existence of solutions, but without boundedness, and that by Winkler (Calc Var Partial Differ Equ 54:3789-3828, 2015) which only involves the case of α =0 and requires the convexity of the domain.

  13. 34 CFR 609.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations apply? 609.3 Section 609.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 609.3 What...

  14. 34 CFR 609.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 609.3 Section 609.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 609.3 What...

  15. 34 CFR 608.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 608.3 Section 608.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PROGRAM General § 608.3...

  16. 34 CFR 608.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations apply? 608.3 Section 608.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PROGRAM General § 608.3...

  17. 34 CFR 609.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 609.3 Section 609.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 609.3 What...

  18. 34 CFR 608.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 608.3 Section 608.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES PROGRAM General § 608.3...

  19. 34 CFR 609.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 609.3 Section 609.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STRENGTHENING HISTORICALLY BLACK GRADUATE INSTITUTIONS PROGRAM General § 609.3 What...

  20. Helicopter noise measurements data report. volume II. helicopter models: Bell 212 (UH-1N), Sikorsky S-61 (SH-3A), Sikorsky S-64 'Skycrane' (CH- 54B), Boeing Vertol 'Chinook' (CH-47C)

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1977-04-01

    The helicopter models used in this test program were the Hughes 300C, Hughes 500C, Bell 47-G, Bell 206-L, Bell 212 (UH-1N), Sikorsky S-61 (SH-3A), Sikorsky S-64 'Skycrane' (CH-54B), and Boeing Vertol 'Chinook' CH-47C. Volume I contains the measured n...

  1. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and fundamental research.

    PubMed

    Rakus, Krzysztof; Ouyang, Ping; Boutier, Maxime; Ronsmans, Maygane; Reschner, Anca; Vancsok, Catherine; Jazowiecka-Rakus, Joanna; Vanderplasschen, Alain

    2013-09-27

    Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), a member of the family Alloherpesviridae is the causative agent of a lethal, highly contagious and notifiable disease in common and koi carp. The economic importance of common and koi carp industries together with the rapid spread of CyHV-3 worldwide, explain why this virus became soon after its isolation in the 1990s a subject of applied research. In addition to its economic importance, an increasing number of fundamental studies demonstrated that CyHV-3 is an original and interesting subject for fundamental research. In this review, we summarized recent advances in CyHV-3 research with a special interest for studies related to host-virus interactions.

  2. Cyprinid herpesvirus 3: an interesting virus for applied and fundamental research

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), a member of the family Alloherpesviridae is the causative agent of a lethal, highly contagious and notifiable disease in common and koi carp. The economic importance of common and koi carp industries together with the rapid spread of CyHV-3 worldwide, explain why this virus became soon after its isolation in the 1990s a subject of applied research. In addition to its economic importance, an increasing number of fundamental studies demonstrated that CyHV-3 is an original and interesting subject for fundamental research. In this review, we summarized recent advances in CyHV-3 research with a special interest for studies related to host-virus interactions. PMID:24073814

  3. The cost to successfully apply for level 3 medical home recognition

    PubMed Central

    Mottus, Kathleen; Reiter, Kristin; Mitchell, C. Madeline; Donahue, Katrina E.; Gabbard, Wilson M.; Gush, Kimberly

    2016-01-01

    BACKGROUND The NCQA Patient Centered Medical Home (PCMH) recognition program provides practices an opportunity to implement Medical home activities. Understanding the costs to apply for recognition may enable practices to plan their work. METHODS Practice coaches identified 5 exemplar practices that received level 3 recognition (3 pediatric and 2 family medicine practices). This analysis focuses on 4 that received 2011 recognition. Clinical, informatics and administrative staff participated in 2–3 hour interviews. We collected the time required to develop, implement and maintain required activities. We categorized costs as: 1) non-personnel, 2) developmental 3) those to implement activities 4) those to maintain activities, 5) those to document the work and 6) consultant costs. Only incremental costs were included and are presented as costs per full-time equivalent provider (pFTE) RESULTS Practice size ranged from 2.5 – 10.5 pFTE’s, payer mixes from 7–43 % Medicaid. There was variation in the distribution of costs by activity by practice; but the costs to apply were remarkably similar ($11,453–$15,977 pFTE). CONCLUSION The costs to apply for 2011 recognition were noteworthy. Work to enhance care coordination and close loops were highly valued. Financial incentives were key motivators. Future efforts to minimize the burden of low value activities could benefit practices. PMID:26769879

  4. Estimating 3D L5/S1 moments and ground reaction forces during trunk bending using a full-body ambulatory inertial motion capture system.

    PubMed

    Faber, G S; Chang, C C; Kingma, I; Dennerlein, J T; van Dieën, J H

    2016-04-11

    Inertial motion capture (IMC) systems have become increasingly popular for ambulatory movement analysis. However, few studies have attempted to use these measurement techniques to estimate kinetic variables, such as joint moments and ground reaction forces (GRFs). Therefore, we investigated the performance of a full-body ambulatory IMC system in estimating 3D L5/S1 moments and GRFs during symmetric, asymmetric and fast trunk bending, performed by nine male participants. Using an ambulatory IMC system (Xsens/MVN), L5/S1 moments were estimated based on the upper-body segment kinematics using a top-down inverse dynamics analysis, and GRFs were estimated based on full-body segment accelerations. As a reference, a laboratory measurement system was utilized: GRFs were measured with Kistler force plates (FPs), and L5/S1 moments were calculated using a bottom-up inverse dynamics model based on FP data and lower-body kinematics measured with an optical motion capture system (OMC). Correspondence between the OMC+FP and IMC systems was quantified by calculating root-mean-square errors (RMSerrors) of moment/force time series and the interclass correlation (ICC) of the absolute peak moments/forces. Averaged over subjects, L5/S1 moment RMSerrors remained below 10Nm (about 5% of the peak extension moment) and 3D GRF RMSerrors remained below 20N (about 2% of the peak vertical force). ICCs were high for the peak L5/S1 extension moment (0.971) and vertical GRF (0.998). Due to lower amplitudes, smaller ICCs were found for the peak asymmetric L5/S1 moments (0.690-0.781) and horizontal GRFs (0.559-0.948). In conclusion, close correspondence was found between the ambulatory IMC-based and laboratory-based estimates of back load. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  5. Redescription of Synthesium pontoporiae n. comb. with notes on S. tursionis and S. seymouri n. comb. (Digenea: Brachycladiidae Odhner, 1905).

    PubMed

    Marigo, Juliana; Vicente, Ana Carolina Paulo; Valente, Ana Luisa Schifino; Measures, Lena; Santos, Cláudia Portes

    2008-04-01

    Synthesium pontoporiae n. comb. is redescribed, together with Synthesium tursionis and Synthesium seymouri n. comb.; the parasites were obtained from stranded and accidentally caught cetaceans. The sucker ratio (ratio between widths of the oral and ventral suckers) in S. pontoporiae was 1:1.8-3.0 (mean 1:2.2); in S. tursionis was 1:0.8-1.2; and in S. seymouri was 1:0.5-0.7. Synthesium pontoporiae differed from its congeners by additional diagnostic characters, including: oval to lobed testes; small cirrus with pyriform proximal region and flexible, tubular distal region formed by evagination of ejaculatory duct; and vitellarium in small follicles extending from the level of the seminal vesicle to the posterior extremity of the body and not forming dendritic radial bunches. Data on the morphology of adult S. pontoporiae and S. tursionis were inferred from confocal laser microscopical observations.

  6. Two Novel C3N4 Phases: Structural, Mechanical and Electronic Properties

    PubMed Central

    Fan, Qingyang; Chai, Changchun; Wei, Qun; Yang, Yintang

    2016-01-01

    We systematically studied the physical properties of a novel superhard (t-C3N4) and a novel hard (m-C3N4) C3N4 allotrope. Detailed theoretical studies of the structural properties, elastic properties, density of states, and mechanical properties of these two C3N4 phases were carried out using first-principles calculations. The calculated elastic constants and the hardness revealed that t-C3N4 is ultra-incompressible and superhard, with a high bulk modulus of 375 GPa and a high hardness of 80 GPa. m-C3N4 and t-C3N4 both exhibit large anisotropy with respect to Poisson’s ratio, shear modulus, and Young’s modulus. Moreover, m-C3N4 is a quasi-direct-bandgap semiconductor, with a band gap of 4.522 eV, and t-C3N4 is also a quasi-direct-band-gap semiconductor, with a band gap of 4.210 eV, with the HSE06 functional. PMID:28773550

  7. Aqua­[1,8-bis­(pyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dithia­octane-κ4 N,S,S′,N′]copper(II) dinitrate acetonitrile monosolvate

    PubMed Central

    Manzanera-Estrada, Mayra; Flores-Alamo, Marcos; Grevy M., Jean-Michel; Ruiz-Azuara, Lena; Ortiz-Frade, Luis

    2012-01-01

    In the title compound, [Cu(C16H20N2S2)(H2O)](NO3)2·CH3CN, the CuII atom displays a distorted square-pyramidal coordination, in which a water mol­ecule occupies the apical position and the basal plane is formed by two N atoms and two S atoms of a 1,8-bis­(pyridin-2-yl)-3,6-dithia­octane ligand. The crystal packing is stabilized by O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. PMID:22346819

  8. 10 CFR 451.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INCENTIVES § 451.3 Who may apply. Any owner, or operator with the written consent of the owner, but not both, of a qualified renewable energy facility, may apply for incentive payments for net electric energy generated from a renewable energy source and sold. ...

  9. 10 CFR 451.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INCENTIVES § 451.3 Who may apply. Any owner, or operator with the written consent of the owner, but not both, of a qualified renewable energy facility, may apply for incentive payments for net electric energy generated from a renewable energy source and sold. ...

  10. 10 CFR 451.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INCENTIVES § 451.3 Who may apply. Any owner, or operator with the written consent of the owner, but not both, of a qualified renewable energy facility, may apply for incentive payments for net electric energy generated from a renewable energy source and sold. ...

  11. 10 CFR 451.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INCENTIVES § 451.3 Who may apply. Any owner, or operator with the written consent of the owner, but not both, of a qualified renewable energy facility, may apply for incentive payments for net electric energy generated from a renewable energy source and sold. ...

  12. 10 CFR 451.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... ENERGY ENERGY CONSERVATION RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION INCENTIVES § 451.3 Who may apply. Any owner, or operator with the written consent of the owner, but not both, of a qualified renewable energy facility, may apply for incentive payments for net electric energy generated from a renewable energy source and sold. ...

  13. 34 CFR 658.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 658.3 Section 658.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.3 What...

  14. The ν 3 and 2ν 3 bands of 32S 16O 3, 32S 18O 3, 34S 16O 3, and 34S 18O 3

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sharpe, Steven W.; Blake, Thomas A.; Sams, Robert L.

    2003-12-01

    The fifth of a series of publications on the high resolution rotation-vibration spectra of sulfur trioxide reports the results of a systematic study of the v3(é) and 2v3(A1'+E') infrared bands of the four symmetric top isotopomers 32S 16O 3, 34S 16O 3, 32S 18O 3, and 34S 18O 3. An internal coupling between the l = 0 and l = +2 levels of the 2v3 (A1'+E') states was observed. This small perturbation results in a level crossing between K-l = 9 and 12, in consequence of which the band origins of the A1', l=0 “ghost” states could be determined tomore » a high degree of accuracy. Ground and upper state rotational as well as vibrational anharmonicity constants are reported. The constants for the center-of-mass substituted species 32S 16O 3 and 34S 16O 3 vary only slightly, as do the constants for the 32S 18O 3, 34S 18O 3 pair. The S-O bond lengths for the vibrational ground states of the species 32S 16O 3, 34S 16O 3, 32S 18O 3 and 34S 18O 3, are, respectively, 141.981992(6), 141.979412(20), 150.605240(73), and 150.602348(73) pm, where the uncertainties, given in parentheses, are two standard deviations and refer to the last digits of the associated quantity.« less

  15. Alternative reverse genetics system for influenza viruses based on a synthesized swine 45S rRNA promoter.

    PubMed

    Wang, Kai; Huang, Qi; Yang, Zhiwei; Qi, Kezong; Liu, Hongmei; Chen, Hongjun

    2017-08-01

    We generated an alternative reverse genetics (RG) system based on a synthesized swine 45S rRNA promoter to rescue the H3N2 subtype swine influenza virus. All eight flanking segment cassettes of A/swine/Henan/7/2010 (H3N2) were amplified with ambisense expression elements from RG plasmids. All segments were then recombined with the pHC2014 vector, which contained the synthesized swine 45S rRNA promoter (spol1) and its terminal sequence (t1) in a pcDNA3 backbone. As a result, we obtained a set of RG plasmids carrying the corresponding eight-segment cassettes. We efficiently generated the H3N2 virus after transfection into 293T/PK15, PK15, and 293T cells. The efficiency of spol1-driven influenza virus rescue in PK15 cells was similar to that in 293T cells by titration using the human pol1 RG system. Our approach suggests that an alternative spol1-based RG system can produce influenza viruses.

  16. Soybean seed protein oil and fatty acids as influenced by S and S+N fertilizers under irrigated or non-irrigated environments

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Information on the effect of sulfur (S) or sulfur+nitrogen (S+N) on soybean seed composition is almost non-existent. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of S, and S+N fertilizers on soybean [(Glycine max (L.) Merr.)] seed composition in the Early Soybean Production System (ESP...

  17. Role of N-S strike-slip faulting in structuring of north-eastern Tunisia; geodynamic implications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arfaoui, Aymen; Soumaya, Abdelkader; Ben Ayed, Noureddine; Delvaux, Damien; Ghanmi, Mohamed; Kadri, Ali; Zargouni, Fouad

    2017-05-01

    Three major compressional events characterized by folding, thrusting and strike-slip faulting occurred in the Eocene, Late Miocene and Quaternary along the NE Tunisian domain between Bou Kornine-Ressas-Msella and Cap Bon Peninsula. During the Plio-Quaternary, the Grombalia and Mornag grabens show a maximum of collapse in parallelism with the NNW-SSE SHmax direction and developed as 3rd order distensives zones within a global compressional regime. Using existing tectonic and geophysical data supplemented by new fault-kinematic observations, we show that Cenozoic deformation of the Mesozoic sedimentary sequences is dominated by first order N-S faults reactivation, this sinistral wrench system is responsible for the formation of strike-slip duplexes, thrusts, folds and grabens. Following our new structural interpretation, the major faults of N-S Axis, Bou Kornine-Ressas-Messella (MRB) and Hammamet-Korbous (HK) form an N-S first order compressive relay within a left lateral strike-slip duplex. The N-S master MRB fault is dominated by contractional imbricate fans, while the parallel HK fault is characterized by a trailing of extensional imbricate fans. The Eocene and Miocene compression phases in the study area caused sinistral strike-slip reactivation of pre-existing N-S faults, reverse reactivation of NE-SW trending faults and normal-oblique reactivation of NW-SE faults, creating a NE-SW to N-S trending system of east-verging folds and overlaps. Existing seismic tomography images suggest a key role for the lithospheric subvertical tear or STEP fault (Slab Transfer Edge Propagator) evidenced below this region on the development of the MRB and the HK relay zone. The presence of extensive syntectonic Pliocene on top of this crustal scale fault may be the result of a recent lithospheric vertical kinematic of this STEP fault, due to the rollback and lateral migration of the Calabrian slab eastward.

  18. 34 CFR 110.3 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF AGE IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 110.3 What definitions apply? The following definitions apply to these regulations: Act means the Age... administration. Age means how old a person is, or the number of years from the date of a person's birth. Age...

  19. 34 CFR 110.3 - What definitions apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... NONDISCRIMINATION ON THE BASIS OF AGE IN PROGRAMS OR ACTIVITIES RECEIVING FEDERAL FINANCIAL ASSISTANCE General § 110.3 What definitions apply? The following definitions apply to these regulations: Act means the Age... administration. Age means how old a person is, or the number of years from the date of a person's birth. Age...

  20. User-Perceived Reliability of M-for-N (M: N) Shared Protection Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ozaki, Hirokazu; Kara, Atsushi; Cheng, Zixue

    In this paper we investigate the reliability of general type shared protection systems i.e. M for N (M: N) that can typically be applied to various telecommunication network devices. We focus on the reliability that is perceived by an end user of one of N units. We assume that any failed unit is instantly replaced by one of the M units (if available). We describe the effectiveness of such a protection system in a quantitative manner. The mathematical analysis gives the closed-form solution of the availability, the recursive computing algorithm of the MTTFF (Mean Time to First Failure) and the MTTF (Mean Time to Failure) perceived by an arbitrary end user. We also show that, under a certain condition, the probability distribution of TTFF (Time to First Failure) can be approximated by a simple exponential distribution. The analysis provides useful information for the analysis and the design of not only the telecommunication network devices but also other general shared protection systems that are subject to service level agreements (SLA) involving user-perceived reliability measures.

  1. Microsolvation effects on the reactivity of oxy-nucleophiles: the case of gas-phase SN2 reactions of YO-(CH3OH) n=1,2 towards CH3Cl.

    PubMed

    Yun-Yun, Liu; Fang-Zhou, Qiu; Jun, Zhu; Yi, Ren; Kai-Chung, Lau

    2017-06-01

    The modified G4(MP2) method was applied to explore microsolvation effects on the reactivity of four solvated normal oxy-nucleophiles YO - (CH 3 OH) n=1,2 (Y = CH 3 , C 2 H 5 , FC 2 H 4 , ClC 2 H 4 ), and five α-oxy-nucleophiles YO - (CH 3 OH) n=1,2 (Y = HO, CH 3 O, F, Cl, Br), in gas-phase S N 2 reactions towards the substrate CH 3 Cl. Based on a Brønsted-type plot, our calculations reveal that the overall activation barriers of five microsolvated α-oxy-nucleophiles are obviously smaller than the prediction from the correlation line constructed by four normal microsolvated ones to different degrees, and clearly demonstrate the existence of an α-effect in the presence of one or two methanol molecule(s). Moreover, it was found that the α-effect of the mono-methanol microsolvated α-nucleophile is stronger than that of the monohydrated α-nucleophile. However, the α-effect of YO - (CH 3 OH) 2 becomes weaker for Y = HO and CH 3 O, whereas it becomes stronger for Y = F, Cl, Br than that of YO - (H 2 O) 2 , which can be explained by analyses of the activation strain model in the two cases. It was also found that the rationale about the low ionization energy of α-nucleophile inducing the α-effect was not widely significant. Graphical abstract Variation of alpha-effect in the gas-phase S N 2 reaction with the microsolvation.

  2. 47 CFR 400.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Who may apply. 400.3 Section 400.3 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION E-911 GRANT PROGRAM § 400.3 Who may...

  3. 47 CFR 400.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Who may apply. 400.3 Section 400.3 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION E-911 GRANT PROGRAM § 400.3 Who may...

  4. 47 CFR 400.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Who may apply. 400.3 Section 400.3 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION E-911 GRANT PROGRAM § 400.3 Who may...

  5. 47 CFR 400.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Who may apply. 400.3 Section 400.3 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION E-911 GRANT PROGRAM § 400.3 Who may...

  6. 47 CFR 400.3 - Who may apply.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who may apply. 400.3 Section 400.3 Telecommunication NATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, AND NATIONAL HIGHWAY TRAFFIC SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION E-911 GRANT PROGRAM § 400.3 Who may...

  7. Development of adaptive control applied to chaotic systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rhode, Martin Andreas

    1997-12-01

    Continuous-time derivative control and adaptive map-based recursive feedback control techniques are used to control chaos in a variety of systems and in situations that are of practical interest. The theoretical part of the research includes the review of fundamental concept of control theory in the context of its applications to deterministic chaotic systems, the development of a new adaptive algorithm to identify the linear system properties necessary for control, and the extension of the recursive proportional feedback control technique, RPF, to high dimensional systems. Chaos control was applied to models of a thermal pulsed combustor, electro-chemical dissolution and the hyperchaotic Rossler system. Important implications for combustion engineering were suggested by successful control of the model of the thermal pulsed combustor. The system was automatically tracked while maintaining control into regions of parameter and state space where no stable attractors exist. In a simulation of the electrochemical dissolution system, application of derivative control to stabilize a steady state, and adaptive RPF to stabilize a period one orbit, was demonstrated. The high dimensional adaptive control algorithm was applied in a simulation using the Rossler hyperchaotic system, where a period-two orbit with two unstable directions was stabilized and tracked over a wide range of a system parameter. In the experimental part, the electrochemical system was studied in parameter space, by scanning the applied potential and the frequency of the rotating copper disk. The automated control algorithm is demonstrated to be effective when applied to stabilize a period-one orbit in the experiment. We show the necessity of small random perturbations applied to the system in order to both learn the dynamics and control the system at the same time. The simultaneous learning and control capability is shown to be an important part of the active feedback control.

  8. 34 CFR 400.3 - What other regulations apply to the Vocational and Applied Technology Education Programs?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What other regulations apply to the Vocational and Applied Technology Education Programs? 400.3 Section 400.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION...

  9. Applying Emmert’s Law to the Poggendorff illusion

    PubMed Central

    Talasli, Umur; Inan, Asli Bahar

    2015-01-01

    The Poggendorff illusion was approached with a novel perspective, that of applying Emmert’s Law to the situation. The extensities between the verticals and the transversals happen to be absolutely equal in retinal image size, whereas the registered distance for the verticals must be smaller than that of the transversals due to the fact that the former is assumed to occlude the latter. This combination of facts calls for the operation of Emmert’s Law, which results in the shrinkage of the occluding space between the verticals. Since the retinal image shows the transversals to be in contact with the verticals, the shrinkage must drag the transversals inwards in the cortical representation in order to eliminate the gaps. Such dragging of the transversals produces the illusory misalignment, which is a dictation of geometry. Some of the consequences of this new explanation were tested in four different experiments. In Experiment 1, a new illusion, the tilting of an occluded continuation of an oblique line, was predicted and achieved. In Experiments 2 and 3, perceived nearness of the occluding entity was manipulated via texture density variations and the predicted misalignment variations were confirmed by using a between-subjects and within-subjects designs, respectively. In Experiment 4, tilting of the occluded segment of the transversal was found to vary in the predicted direction as a result of being accompanied by the same texture cues used in Experiments 2 and 3. PMID:26528162

  10. New Tables For IABG's 320kN Shaker System: Design And Procurement Process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baumgartl, Ralf

    2012-07-01

    For more than 25 years IABG is operating its 320kN vibration system in testing of space and non-space applications. The vibration system is a multi shaker system, using four electrodynamic shakers, driving a 3x3m2 head expander and a 3x3m2 slip table. During the recent years a modernisation program of the shaker system has been implemented. The purpose of this program was to exchange system components, which have reached their expected duration of life, as well as to exchange components which did no longer fulfil the state-of-the-art requirements in testing and thus to adapt the vibration system to future challenges. Two major components of the shaker system, which have been covered during the modernisation program, are the shaker tables (the head expander and the slip table). Being the direct interface of a vibration test facility to a specimen, the shaker tables are crucial regarding the shaker system overall performance. And this fact applies even more for shaker systems with large tables, because there are no off-the-shelf solutions in this area. During the recent 5 years IABG specified, designed and procured a new head expander and a new slip table for the 320kN shaker system. This paper describes the overall process investigating on the following listed aspects: - general requirements for the tables - definition of boundary conditions and guidance principles - specific areas of interest - definition of the table material and the manufacturing method - design solutions - challenges during manufacturing - results - table properties

  11. Optically active charge transfer in hybrids of Alq3 nanoparticles and MoS2 monolayer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ghimire, Ganesh; Dhakal, Krishna P.; Neupane, Guru P.; Jo, Seong Gi; Kim, Hyun; Seo, Changwon; Lee, Young Hee; Joo, Jinsoo; Kim, Jeongyong

    2017-05-01

    Organic/inorganic hybrid structures have been widely studied because of their enhanced physical and chemical properties. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) and organic nanoparticles can provide a hybridization configuration between zero- and two-dimensional systems with the advantages of convenient preparation and strong interface interaction. Here, we present such a hybrid system made by dispersing π-conjugated organic (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III)) (Alq3) nanoparticles (NPs) on 1L-MoS2. Hybrids of Alq3 NP/1L-MoS2 exhibited a two-fold increase in the photoluminescence of Alq3 NPs on 1L-MoS2 and the n-doping effect of 1L-MoS2, and these spectral and electronic modifications were attributed to the charge transfer between Alq3 NPs and 1L-MoS2. Our results suggested that a hybrid of organic NPs/1L-TMD can offer a convenient platform to study the interface interactions between organic and inorganic nano objects and to engineer optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.

  12. Optically active charge transfer in hybrids of Alq3 nanoparticles and MoS2 monolayer.

    PubMed

    Ghimire, Ganesh; Dhakal, Krishna P; Neupane, Guru P; Gi Jo, Seong; Kim, Hyun; Seo, Changwon; Hee Lee, Young; Joo, Jinsoo; Kim, Jeongyong

    2017-05-05

    Organic/inorganic hybrid structures have been widely studied because of their enhanced physical and chemical properties. Monolayers of transition metal dichalcogenides (1L-TMDs) and organic nanoparticles can provide a hybridization configuration between zero- and two-dimensional systems with the advantages of convenient preparation and strong interface interaction. Here, we present such a hybrid system made by dispersing π-conjugated organic (tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum(III)) (Alq 3 ) nanoparticles (NPs) on 1L-MoS 2 . Hybrids of Alq 3 NP/1L-MoS 2 exhibited a two-fold increase in the photoluminescence of Alq 3 NPs on 1L-MoS 2 and the n-doping effect of 1L-MoS 2 , and these spectral and electronic modifications were attributed to the charge transfer between Alq 3 NPs and 1L-MoS 2 . Our results suggested that a hybrid of organic NPs/1L-TMD can offer a convenient platform to study the interface interactions between organic and inorganic nano objects and to engineer optoelectronic devices with enhanced performance.

  13. A novel processed food classification system applied to Australian food composition databases.

    PubMed

    O'Halloran, S A; Lacy, K E; Grimes, C A; Woods, J; Campbell, K J; Nowson, C A

    2017-08-01

    The extent of food processing can affect the nutritional quality of foodstuffs. Categorising foods by the level of processing emphasises the differences in nutritional quality between foods within the same food group and is likely useful for determining dietary processed food consumption. The present study aimed to categorise foods within Australian food composition databases according to the level of food processing using a processed food classification system, as well as assess the variation in the levels of processing within food groups. A processed foods classification system was applied to food and beverage items contained within Australian Food and Nutrient (AUSNUT) 2007 (n = 3874) and AUSNUT 2011-13 (n = 5740). The proportion of Minimally Processed (MP), Processed Culinary Ingredients (PCI) Processed (P) and Ultra Processed (ULP) by AUSNUT food group and the overall proportion of the four processed food categories across AUSNUT 2007 and AUSNUT 2011-13 were calculated. Across the food composition databases, the overall proportions of foods classified as MP, PCI, P and ULP were 27%, 3%, 26% and 44% for AUSNUT 2007 and 38%, 2%, 24% and 36% for AUSNUT 2011-13. Although there was wide variation in the classifications of food processing within the food groups, approximately one-third of foodstuffs were classified as ULP food items across both the 2007 and 2011-13 AUSNUT databases. This Australian processed food classification system will allow researchers to easily quantify the contribution of processed foods within the Australian food supply to assist in assessing the nutritional quality of the dietary intake of population groups. © 2017 The British Dietetic Association Ltd.

  14. 34 CFR 490.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What regulations apply? 490.3 Section 490.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF VOCATIONAL AND ADULT EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LIFE SKILLS FOR STATE AND LOCAL PRISONERS PROGRAM General § 490.3 What regulations...

  15. Applying generalized stochastic Petri nets to manufacturing systems containing nonexponential transition functions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Watson, James F., III; Desrochers, Alan A.

    1991-01-01

    Generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs) are applied to flexible manufacturing systems (FMSs). Throughput subnets and s-transitions are presented. Two FMS examples containing nonexponential distributions which were analyzed in previous papers by queuing theory and probability theory, respectively, are treated using GSPNs developed using throughput subnets and s-transitions. The GSPN results agree with the previous results, and developing and analyzing the GSPN models are straightforward and relatively easy compared to other methodologies.

  16. A new family of N dimensional superintegrable double singular oscillators and quadratic algebra Q(3) ⨁ so(n) ⨁ so(N-n)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fazlul Hoque, Md; Marquette, Ian; Zhang, Yao-Zhong

    2015-11-01

    We introduce a new family of N dimensional quantum superintegrable models consisting of double singular oscillators of type (n, N-n). The special cases (2,2) and (4,4) have previously been identified as the duals of 3- and 5-dimensional deformed Kepler-Coulomb systems with u(1) and su(2) monopoles, respectively. The models are multiseparable and their wave functions are obtained in (n, N-n) double-hyperspherical coordinates. We obtain the integrals of motion and construct the finitely generated polynomial algebra that is the direct sum of a quadratic algebra Q(3) involving three generators, so(n), so(N-n) (i.e. Q(3) ⨁ so(n) ⨁ so(N-n)). The structure constants of the quadratic algebra itself involve the Casimir operators of the two Lie algebras so(n) and so(N-n). Moreover, we obtain the finite dimensional unitary representations (unirreps) of the quadratic algebra and present an algebraic derivation of the degenerate energy spectrum of the superintegrable model.

  17. Synthesis of g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites and application as a new sorbent for solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in water samples.

    PubMed

    Wang, Man; Cui, Shihai; Yang, Xiaodi; Bi, Wentao

    2015-01-01

    An easy preparation of g-C3N4/Fe3O4 nanocomposites by chemical co-precipitation has been demonstrated. The as-prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. The high affinity of g-C3N4 toward polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the magnetic behavior of Fe3O4 were combined to provide an efficient and simple magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE). The adsorption and desorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on g-C3N4/Fe3O4 were examined. Different factors affecting the magnetic solid phase extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were assessed in terms of adsorption, desorption, and recovery. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method showed good limits of detection (LOD, S/N=3) in the range of 0.05-0.1 ng mL(-1) and precision in the range of 1.8-5.3% (RSDs, n=3). This method was also successfully applied to the analysis of real water samples; good spiked recoveries over the range of 80.0-99.8% were obtained. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. Comparison of 2010-2011 H3N2 influenza A viruses isolated from swine and the A(H3N2)v isolated from humans in 2011

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    In the end of 2011, 12 U.S. cases of humans infected with swine H3N2 virus containing the matrix gene from pandemic H1N1 2009 virus (H1N1pdm09) were detected and named A(H3N2)v. This study used a swine model to compare the pathogenic, transmission, genetic, and antigenic properties of a human A(H3N2...

  19. Sawtooth mitigation in 3D MHD tokamak modelling with applied magnetic perturbations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bonfiglio, D.; Veranda, M.; Cappello, S.; Chacón, L.; Escande, D. F.

    2017-01-01

    The effect of magnetic perturbations (MPs) on the sawtoothing dynamics of the internal kink mode in the tokamak is discussed in the framework of nonlinear 3D MHD modelling. Numerical simulations are performed with the pixie3d code (Chacón 2008 Phys. Plasmas 15 056103) based on a D-shaped configuration in toroidal geometry. MPs are applied as produced by two sets of coils distributed along the toroidal direction, one set located above and the other set below the outboard midplane, like in experimental devices such as DIII-D and ASDEX Upgrade. The capability of n  =  1 MPs to affect quasi-periodic sawteeth is shown to depend on the toroidal phase difference Δ φ between the perturbations produced by the two sets of coils. In particular, sawtooth mitigation is obtained for the Δ φ =π phasing, whereas no significant effect is observed for Δ φ =0 . Numerical findings are explained by the interplay between different poloidal harmonics in the spectrum of applied MPs, and appear to be consistent with experiments performed in the DIII-D device. Sawtooth mitigation and stimulation of self-organized helical states by applied MPs have been previously demonstrated in both circular tokamak and reversed-field pinch (RFP) experiments in the RFX-mod device, and in related 3D MHD modelling.

  20. Effects of the ZnO layer on the structure and white light emission properties of a ZnS:Mn/GaN nanocomposite system.

    PubMed

    Wang, Cai-Feng; Hu, Bo

    2017-10-01

    ZnO films were inserted between the ZnS:Mn films and GaN substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD). The structure, morphology, and optical properties of the ZnS:Mn/ZnO/GaN nanocomposite systems have been investigated. X-ray diffraction results show that there are three diffraction peaks located at 28.4°, 34.4°, and 34.1°, which correspond to the β-ZnS(111), ZnO(002), and GaN(002) planes, respectively. Due to the insertion of ZnO films, the diffraction peak intensity of ZnS:Mn in ZnS:Mn/ZnO/GaN is stronger than that of ZnS:Mn in ZnS:Mn/GaN, and the full width at half-maximum is smaller. Though the transmittance of ZnS:Mn/ZnO films is slightly lower than that of ZnS:Mn films, the transmittance is still higher than 80%. Compared with ZnS:Mn/GaN, an ultraviolet (UV) emission at 387 nm (originated from the near-band emission of ZnO) and a green light emission at about 520 nm appeared in the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of ZnS:Mn/ZnO/GaN, in addition to the blue emission at 435 nm and the orange-red emission at 580 nm. The emission at 520 nm may be related to the deep-level emission from ZnO and the interface of ZnS:Mn/ZnO. The PL spectrum of ZnS:Mn/ZnO/GaN covers the visible region from the blue light to the red light (400-700 nm), and its color coordinate and color temperature are (0.3103,0.3063) and 6869 K, respectively, presenting strong white light emission.

  1. 34 CFR 389.3 - What regulations apply to this program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply to this program? 389.3 Section 389.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... PROGRAMS General § 389.3 What regulations apply to this program? The following regulations apply to this...

  2. 34 CFR 389.3 - What regulations apply to this program?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2011-07-01 2010-07-01 true What regulations apply to this program? 389.3 Section 389.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... PROGRAMS General § 389.3 What regulations apply to this program? The following regulations apply to this...

  3. 34 CFR 365.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2011-07-01 2010-07-01 true What regulations apply? 365.3 Section 365.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES General § 365.3 What...

  4. 34 CFR 365.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 365.3 Section 365.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES General § 365.3 What...

  5. 34 CFR 373.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What regulations apply? 373.3 Section 373.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS General § 373.3 What regulations...

  6. 34 CFR 365.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 365.3 Section 365.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES General § 365.3 What...

  7. 34 CFR 373.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations apply? 373.3 Section 373.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS General § 373.3 What regulations...

  8. 34 CFR 373.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true What regulations apply? 373.3 Section 373.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS General § 373.3 What regulations...

  9. 34 CFR 365.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What regulations apply? 365.3 Section 365.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES General § 365.3 What...

  10. 34 CFR 373.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What regulations apply? 373.3 Section 373.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL DEMONSTRATION PROGRAMS General § 373.3 What regulations...

  11. 34 CFR 365.3 - What regulations apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 34 Education 2 2014-07-01 2013-07-01 true What regulations apply? 365.3 Section 365.3 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF SPECIAL EDUCATION AND REHABILITATIVE SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION STATE INDEPENDENT LIVING SERVICES General § 365.3 What...

  12. 20th Annual Systems Engineering Conference. Volume 3, Thursday

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-10-26

    Assurance Center (JFAC) 2017 Update u Mr. Thomas Hurt, Department of Defense 4B1 Tr a c k 2 m il le r Education & Training 19813 Shaping the...k s a n d r a M a r k i n a - K h u s i d amk@mitre.org D r. R ya n J a c o b s r j a c o b s @mitre.org October 2017 NDIA 20th Annual Systems...A n t u l lantul@mitre.org D r. A l e k s a n d r a M a r k i n a - K h u s i d amk@mitre.org D r. R y a n J a c o b s rjacobs@mitre.org J a

  13. The chemistry of the S-nitrosoglutathione/glutathione system

    PubMed Central

    Singh, S. P.; Wishnok, J. S.; Keshive, M.; Deen, W. M.; Tannenbaum, S. R.

    1996-01-01

    S-Nitrosothiols have generated considerable interest due to their ability to act as nitric oxide (NO) donors and due to their possible involvement in bioregulatory systems—e.g., NO transfer reactions. Elucidation of the reaction pathways involved in the modification of the thiol group by S-nitrosothiols is important for understanding the role of S-nitroso compounds in vivo. The modification of glutathione (GSH) in the presence of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) was examined as a model reaction. Incubation of GSNO (1 mM) with GSH at various concentrations (1–10 mM) in phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) yielded oxidized glutathione, nitrite, nitrous oxide, and ammonia as end products. The product yields were dependent on the concentrations of GSH and oxygen. Transient signals corresponding to GSH conjugates, which increased by one mass unit when the reaction was carried out with 15N-labeled GSNO, were identified by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. When morpholine was present in the reaction system, N-nitrosomorpholine was formed. Increasing concentrations of either phosphate or GSH led to lower yields of N-nitrosomorpholine. The inhibitory effect of phosphate may be due to reaction with the nitrosating agent, nitrous anhydride (N2O3), formed by oxidation of NO. This supports the release of NO during the reaction of GSNO with GSH. The products noted above account quantitatively for virtually all of the GSNO nitrogen consumed during the reaction, and it is now possible to construct a complete set of pathways for the complex transformations arising from GSNO + GSH. PMID:8962068

  14. S{sub 2}SA preconditioning for the S{sub n} equations with strictly non negative spatial discretization

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bruss, D. E.; Morel, J. E.; Ragusa, J. C.

    2013-07-01

    Preconditioners based upon sweeps and diffusion-synthetic acceleration have been constructed and applied to the zeroth and first spatial moments of the 1-D S{sub n} transport equation using a strictly non negative nonlinear spatial closure. Linear and nonlinear preconditioners have been analyzed. The effectiveness of various combinations of these preconditioners are compared. In one dimension, nonlinear sweep preconditioning is shown to be superior to linear sweep preconditioning, and DSA preconditioning using nonlinear sweeps in conjunction with a linear diffusion equation is found to be essentially equivalent to nonlinear sweeps in conjunction with a nonlinear diffusion equation. The ability to use amore » linear diffusion equation has important implications for preconditioning the S{sub n} equations with a strictly non negative spatial discretization in multiple dimensions. (authors)« less

  15. High baryon and energy densities achievable in heavy-ion collisions at √{sN N}=39 GeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanov, Yu. B.; Soldatov, A. A.

    2018-02-01

    Baryon and energy densities, which are reached in central Au+Au collisions at collision energy of √{sN N}= 39 GeV, are estimated within the model of three-fluid dynamics. It is shown that the initial thermalized mean proper baryon and energy densities in a sizable central region approximately are nB/n0≈ 10 and ɛ ≈ 40 GeV/fm3, respectively. The study indicates that the deconfinement transition at the stage of interpenetration of colliding nuclei makes the system quite opaque. The final fragmentation regions in these collisions are formed not only by primordial fragmentation fireballs, i.e., the baryon-rich matter passed through the interaction region (containing approximately 30% of the total baryon charge), but also by the baryon-rich regions of the central fireball pushed out to peripheral rapidities by the subsequent almost one-dimensional expansion of the central fireball along the beam direction.

  16. Characterization of solvated electrons in hydrogen cyanide clusters: (HCN)n- (n=3, 4)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Di; Li, Ying; Li, Zhuo; Chen, Wei; Li, Zhi-Ru; Sun, Chia-Chung

    2006-02-01

    Theoretical studies of the solvated electrons (HCN)n- (n =3, 4) reveal a variety of electron trapping possibilities in the (HCN)n (n =3, 4) clusters. Two isomers for (HCN)3- and four isomers for (HCN)4- are obtained at the MP2/aug -cc-pVDZ+dBF (diffusive bond functions) level of theory. In view of vertical electron detachment energies (VDEs) at the CCSD(T) level, the excess electron always "prefers" locating in the center of the system, i.e., the isomer with higher coordination number shows larger VDE value. However, the most stable isomers of the solvated electron state (HCN)3- and (HCN)4- are found to be the linear C∞ν and D∞h structures, respectively, but not the fullyl symmetric structures which have the largest VDE values.

  17. N-(3-Chloro-4-eth-oxy-1-methyl-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-meth-oxy-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Hannioui, Abdellah; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-06-01

    The indazole ring system of the title compound, C17H18ClN3O4S, is almost planar (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0113 Å) and forms dihedral angles of 32.22 (8) and 57.5 (3)° with the benzene ring and the mean plane through the 4-eth-oxy group, respectively. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds into inversion dimers, which are further linked by π-π inter-actions between the diazole rings [inter-centroid distance = 3.4946 (11) Å], forming chains parallel to [101].

  18. Generalization of Faddeev-Popov rules in Yang-Mills theories: N = 3,4 BRST symmetries

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reshetnyak, Alexander

    2018-01-01

    The Faddeev-Popov rules for a local and Poincaré-covariant Lagrangian quantization of a gauge theory with gauge group are generalized to the case of an invariance of the respective quantum actions, S(N), with respect to N-parametric Abelian SUSY transformations with odd-valued parameters λp, p = 1,…,N and generators sp: spsq + sqsp = 0, for N = 3, 4, implying the substitution of an N-plet of ghost fields, Cp, instead of the parameter, ξ, of infinitesimal gauge transformations: ξ = Cpλ p. The total configuration spaces of fields for a quantum theory of the same classical model coincide in the N = 3 and N = 4 symmetric cases. The superspace of N = 3 SUSY irreducible representation includes, in addition to Yang-Mills fields 𝒜μ, (3 + 1) ghost odd-valued fields Cp, B̂ and 3 even-valued Bpq for p, q = 1, 2, 3. To construct the quantum action, S(3), by adding to the classical action, S0(𝒜), of an N = 3-exact gauge-fixing term (with gauge fermion), a gauge-fixing procedure requires (1 + 3 + 3 + 1) additional fields, Φ¯(3): antighost C¯, 3 even-valued Bp, 3 odd-valued B̂pq and Nakanishi-Lautrup B fields. The action of N = 3 transformations on new fields as N = 3-irreducible representation space is realized. These transformations are the N = 3 BRST symmetry transformations for the vacuum functional, Z3(0) =∫dΦ(3)dΦ¯(3)exp{(ı/ℏ)S(3)}. The space of all fields (Φ(3),Φ¯(3)) proves to be the space of an irreducible representation of the fields Φ(4) for N = 4-parametric SUSY transformations, which contains, in addition to 𝒜μ the (4 + 6 + 4 + 1) ghost-antighost, Cr = (Cp,C¯), even-valued, Brs = -Bsr = (Bpq,Bp4 = Bp), odd-valued B̂r = (B̂,B̂pq) and B fields. The quantum action is constructed by adding to S0(𝒜) an N = 4-exact gauge-fixing term with a gauge boson, F(4). The N = 4 SUSY transformations are by N = 4 BRST transformations for the vacuum functional, Z4(0) =∫dΦ(4)exp{(ı/ℏ)S(4)}. The procedures are valid for

  19. N use efficiencies and N2O emissions in two contrasting, biochar amended soils under winter wheat—cover crop—sorghum rotation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hüppi, Roman; Neftel, Albrecht; Lehmann, Moritz F.; Krauss, Maike; Six, Johan; Leifeld, Jens

    2016-08-01

    Biochar, a carbon-rich, porous pyrolysis product of organic residues, is evaluated as an option to tackle major problems of the global food system. Applied to soil, biochar can sequester carbon and have beneficial effects on nitrogen (N) cycling, thereby enhancing crop yields and reducing nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions. There is little understanding of the underlying mechanisms, but many experiments indicated increased yields and manifold changes in N transformation, suggesting an increase in N use efficiency. Biochar’s effects can be positive in extensively managed tropical agriculture, however less is known about its use in temperate soils with intensive fertilisation. We tested the effect of slow pyrolysis wood chip biochar on N use efficiency, crop yields and N2O emissions in a lysimeter system with two soil types (sandy loamy Cambisol and silty loamy Luvisol) in a winter wheat—cover crop—sorghum rotation. 15N-labelled ammonium nitrate fertiliser (170 kg N ha-1 in 3 doses, 10% 15N) was applied to the first crop to monitor its fate in three ecosystem components (plants, soil, leachate). Green rye was sown as cover crop to keep the first year’s fertiliser N for the second year’s sorghum crop (fertilised with 110 kg N ha-1 in two doses and natural abundance 15N). We observed no effects of biochar on N fertiliser use efficiency, yield or N uptake for any crop. Biochar reduced leaching by 43 ± 19% but only towards the end of the experiment with leaching losses being generally low. For both soils N2O emissions were reduced by 15 ± 4% with biochar compared to the control treatments. Our results indicate that application of the chosen biochar induces environmental benefits in terms of N2O emission and N leaching but does not substantially affect the overall N cycle and hence crop performance in the analyzed temperate crop rotation.

  20. Cast iron cutting with nano TiN and multilayer TiN-CrN coated inserts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perucca, M.; Durante, S.; Semmler, U.; Rüger, C.; Fuentes, G. G.; Almandoz, E.

    2012-09-01

    During the past decade great success has been achieved in the development of duplex and multilayer multi-functional surface systems. Among these surface systems outstanding properties have nanoscale multilayer coatings. Within the framework of the M3-2S project funded in the 7th European Framework Programme, several nanoscale multilayer coatings have been developed and investigated for experimental and industrial validation. This paper shows the performance of TiN and TiN/CrN nanoscale multilayer coatings on WC cutting inserts when machining GJL250 cast iron. The thin films have been deposited by cathodic arc evaporation in an industrial PVD system. The multilayer deposition characteristic and its properties are shown. The inserts have been investigated in systematic cutting experiments of cast iron bars on a turning machine specifically equipped for force measurements, accompanied by wear determination. Furthermore, equivalent experiments have been carried out on an industrial turning unit. Industrial validation criteria have been applied to assess the comparative performance of the coatings. The choice of the material and the machined parts is driven by an interest in automotive applications. The industrial tests show the need to further optimise the multi-scale modelling approach in order to reduce the lead time of the coating development as well as to improve simulation reliability.

  1. Cs/NF3 adsorption on [001]-oriented GaN nanowire surface: A first principle calculation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Diao, Yu; Liu, Lei; Xia, Sihao; Kong, Yike

    2017-11-01

    In this study, the adsorption mechanism of Cs/NF3 on the [001]-oriented GaN nanowire surface is investigated by using the density function theory based on first-principles. In the Cs/NF3 co-activation process, the system is inclined to form NF3-in structure. Through the calculation results of adsorption energy, NF3 molecule adsorption tends to take an orientation with F atoms on top and the most favorable adsorption site is BGa-N. The NF3 activation process can further cut down the work function of the Cs-covered nanowire surface only when Cs coverage is 0.75 ML and 1 ML, which can be explained by the double dipole moment theory. With increasing Cs coverage, the valence band and conduction band both shift to lower energy side, contributing to the appearance of a downward band bending region and promoting the escape of surface photoelectrons. After NF3 molecule adsorption, the peak of total density of states near Fermi level increase due to the orbital hybridization between NF3-2s, Cs-5s states and N-2p states, which strengthen the conductivity of the nanowire surface and leads to the metallic properties. All these calculations may direct the Cs/NF3 activation process of GaN nanowire optoelectronic devices.

  2. 41 CFR 102-3.45 - What does this subpart cover and how does it apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What does this subpart cover and how does it apply? 102-3.45 Section 102-3.45 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION GENERAL 3-FEDERAL ADVISORY...

  3. Dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids in immunity and autoimmune disease.

    PubMed

    Harbige, L S

    1998-11-01

    Clearly there is much evidence to show that under well-controlled laboratory and dietary conditions fatty acid intake can have profound effects on animal models of autoimmune disease. Studies in human autoimmune disease have been less dramatic; however, human trials have been subject to uncontrolled dietary and genetic backgrounds, infection and other environmental influences, and basic trial designs have been inadequate. The impact of dietary fatty acids on animal autoimmune disease models appears to depend on the animal model and the type and amount of fatty acids fed. Diets low in fat, essential fatty acid-deficient, or high in n-3 fatty acids from fish oils increase the survival and reduce disease severity in spontaneous autoantibody-mediated disease, whilst linoleic acid-rich diets appear to increase disease severity. In experimentally-induced T-cell-mediated autoimmune disease, essential fatty acid-deficient diets or diets supplemented with n-3 fatty acids appear to augment disease, whereas n-6 fatty acids prevent or reduce the severity. In contrast, in both T-cell and antibody-mediated auto-immune disease the desaturated and elongated metabolites of linoleic acid are protective. Suppression of autoantibody and T lymphocyte proliferation, apoptosis of autoreactive lymphocytes, and reduced pro-inflammatory cytokine production by high-dose fish oils are all likely mechanisms by which n-3 fatty acids ameliorate autoimmune disease. However, these could be undesirable long-term effects of high-dose fish oil which may compromise host immunity. The protective mechanism(s) of n-6 fatty acids in T-cell- mediated autoimmune disease are less clear, but may include dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid- and arachidonic acid-sensitive immunoregulatory circuits such as Th1 responses, TGF beta 1-mediated effects and Th3-like responses. It is often claimed that n-6 fatty acids promote autoimmune and inflammatory disease based on results obtained with linoleic acid only. It should be

  4. A Survey of CH3CN and HC3N in Protoplanetary Disks

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bergner, Jennifer B.; Guzmán, Viviana G.; Öberg, Karin I.; Loomis, Ryan A.; Pegues, Jamila

    2018-04-01

    The organic content of protoplanetary disks sets the initial compositions of planets and comets, thereby influencing subsequent chemistry that is possible in nascent planetary systems. We present observations of the complex nitrile-bearing species CH3CN and HC3N toward the disks around the T Tauri stars AS 209, IM Lup, LkCa 15, and V4046 Sgr as well as the Herbig Ae stars MWC 480 and HD 163296. HC3N is detected toward all disks except IM Lup, and CH3CN is detected toward V4046 Sgr, MWC 480, and HD 163296. Rotational temperatures derived for disks with multiple detected lines range from 29 to 73 K, indicating emission from the temperate molecular layer of the disk. V4046 Sgr and MWC 480 radial abundance profiles are constrained using a parametric model; the gas-phase CH3CN and HC3N abundances with respect to HCN are a few to tens of percent in the inner 100 au of the disk, signifying a rich nitrile chemistry at planet- and comet-forming disk radii. We find consistent relative abundances of CH3CN, HC3N, and HCN between our disk sample, protostellar envelopes, and solar system comets; this is suggestive of a robust nitrile chemistry with similar outcomes under a wide range of physical conditions.

  5. Synthesis, Characterization and Decomposition Studies of Tris(N,N-dibenzyldithiocarbamato) Indium(III): Chemical Spray Deposition of Polycrystalline CuInS2 on Copper Films

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hehemann, David G.; Lau, J. Eva; Harris, Jerry D.; Hoops, Michael D.; Duffy, Norman V.; Fanwick, Philip E.; Khan, Osman; Jin, Michael H.-C.; Hepp, Aloysius F.

    2005-01-01

    Tris(bis(phenylmethyl)carbamodithioato-S,S ), commonly referred to as tris(N,Ndibenzyldithiocarbamato) indium(III), In(S2CNBz2)3, was synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray crystallography. The compound crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 bar with two molecules per unit cell. The material was further characterized using a novel analytical system employing the combined powers of thermogravimetric analysis, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy to investigate its potential use as a precursor for the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of thin film materials for photovoltaic applications. Upon heating, the material thermally decomposes to release CS2 and benzyl moieties in to the gas phase, resulting in bulk In2S3. Preliminary spray CVD experiments indicate that In(S2CNBz2)3 decomposed on a Cu substrate reacts to produce stoichiometric CuInS2 films.

  6. Highly Corrosion Resistant and Sandwich-like Si3N4/Cr-CrNx/Si3N4 Coatings Used for Solar Selective Absorbing Applications.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Ke; Du, Miao; Haoa, Lei; Meng, Jianping; Wang, Jining; Mi, Jing; Liu, Xiaopeng

    2016-12-14

    Highly corrosion resistant, layer-by-layer nanostructured Si 3 N 4 /Cr-CrN x /Si 3 N 4 coatings were deposited on aluminum substrate by DC/RF magnetron sputtering. Corrosion resistance experiments were performed in 0.5, 1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt % NaCl salt spray at 35 °C for 168 h. Properties of the coatings were comprehensively investigated in terms of optical property, surface morphology, microstructure, elemental valence state, element distribution, and potentiodynamic polarization. UV-vis-near-IR spectrophotometer and FTIR measurements show that the change process in optical properties of Si 3 N 4 /Cr-CrN x /Si 3 N 4 /Al coatings can be divided into three stages: a rapid active degradation stage, a steady passivation stage, and a transpassivation degradation stage. With the increase in the concentration of NaCl salt spray, solar absorptance and thermal emittance experienced a slight degradation. SEM images reveal that there is an increase in surface defects, such as microcracks and holes and -cracks. XRD and TEM measurements indicate that the phase structure changed partially and the content of CrO x and Al 2 O 3 has increased. Auger electron spectroscopy shows that the elements of Cr, N, and O have undergone a minor diffusion. Electrochemical polarization curves show that the as-deposited Si 3 N 4 /Cr-CrN x /Si 3 N 4 /Al coatings have excellent corrosion resistance of 3633.858 kΩ, while after corroding in 5.0 wt % NaCl salt spray for 168 h the corrosion resistance dropped to 13.759 kΩ. However, these coatings still have an outstanding performance of high solar absorptance of 0.924 and low thermal emittance of 0.090 after corroding in 3.0 wt % NaCl salt spray for 120 h. Thus, the Si 3 N 4 /Cr-CrN x /Si 3 N 4 /Al coating is a good choice for solar absorber coatings applied in the high-saline environment.

  7. 25 CFR 179.3 - What law applies to life estates?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... INTERESTS General § 179.3 What law applies to life estates? (a) AIPRA applies to life estates created by operation of law under AIPRA for an individual who died on or after June 20, 2006, owning trust or... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What law applies to life estates? 179.3 Section 179.3...

  8. Introducing ionic and/or hydrogen bonds into the SAM//Ga2O3 top-interface of Ag(TS)/S(CH2)nT//Ga2O3/EGaIn junctions.

    PubMed

    Bowers, Carleen M; Liao, Kung-Ching; Yoon, Hyo Jae; Rappoport, Dmitrij; Baghbanzadeh, Mostafa; Simeone, Felice C; Whitesides, George M

    2014-06-11

    Junctions with the structure Ag(TS)/S(CH2)nT//Ga2O3/EGaIn (where S(CH2)nT is a self-assembled monolayer, SAM, of n-alkanethiolate bearing a terminal functional group T) make it possible to examine the response of rates of charge transport by tunneling to changes in the strength of the interaction between T and Ga2O3. Introducing a series of Lewis acidic/basic functional groups (T = -OH, -SH, -CO2H, -CONH2, and -PO3H) at the terminus of the SAM gave values for the tunneling current density, J(V) in A/cm(2), that were indistinguishable (i.e., differed by less than a factor of 3) from the values observed with n-alkanethiolates of equivalent length. The insensitivity of the rate of tunneling to changes in the terminal functional group implies that replacing weak van der Waals contact interactions with stronger hydrogen- or ionic bonds at the T//Ga2O3 interface does not change the shape (i.e., the height or width) of the tunneling barrier enough to affect rates of charge transport. A comparison of the injection current, J0, for T = -CO2H, and T = -CH2CH3--two groups having similar extended lengths (in Å, or in numbers of non-hydrogen atoms)--suggests that both groups make indistinguishable contributions to the height of the tunneling barrier.

  9. Combining Surveillance Systems: Effective Merging of U.S. Veteran and Military Health Data

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-08-04

    respectively, and better in VA data for 34% and 15%. The VA system tended to alert earlier with a typical H3N2 seasonal influenza affecting older...manageable effect on customary alert rates. Citation: Pavlin JA, Burkom HS, Elbert Y, Lucero-Obusan C, Winston CA, et al. (2013) Combining...facilities within the CBSA. We applied ESSENCE alerting algorithms [11] to weekly CBSA-level outpatient data and analyzed the two data streams (DoD and VA

  10. A Co3O4-CDots-C3N4 three component electrocatalyst design concept for efficient and tunable CO2 reduction to syngas.

    PubMed

    Guo, Sijie; Zhao, Siqi; Wu, Xiuqin; Li, Hao; Zhou, Yunjie; Zhu, Cheng; Yang, Nianjun; Jiang, Xin; Gao, Jin; Bai, Liang; Liu, Yang; Lifshitz, Yeshayahu; Lee, Shuit-Tong; Kang, Zhenhui

    2017-11-28

    Syngas, a CO and H 2 mixture mostly generated from non-renewable fossil fuels, is an essential feedstock for production of liquid fuels. Electrochemical reduction of CO 2 and H + /H 2 O is an alternative renewable route to produce syngas. Here we introduce the concept of coupling a hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) catalyst with a CDots/C 3 N 4 composite (a CO 2 reduction catalyst) to achieve a cheap, stable, selective and efficient route for tunable syngas production. Co 3 O 4 , MoS 2 , Au and Pt serve as the HER component. The Co 3 O 4 -CDots-C 3 N 4 electrocatalyst is found to be the most efficient among the combinations studied. The H 2 /CO ratio of the produced syngas is tunable from 0.07:1 to 4:1 by controlling the potential. This catalyst is highly stable for syngas generation (over 100 h) with no other products besides CO and H 2 . Insight into the mechanisms balancing between CO 2 reduction and H 2 evolution when applying the HER-CDots-C 3 N 4 catalyst concept is provided.

  11. Light coupling and distribution for Si3N4/SiO2 integrated multichannel single-mode sensing system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kaźmierczak, Andrzej; Dortu, Fabian; Schrevens, Olivier; Giannone, Domenico; Bouville, David; Cassan, Eric; Gylfason, Kristinn B.; Sohlström, Hans; Sanchez, Benito; Griol, Amadeu; Hill, Daniel

    2009-01-01

    We present an efficient and highly alignment-tolerant light coupling and distribution system for a multichannel Si3N4/SiO2 single-mode photonics sensing chip. The design of the input and output couplers and the distribution splitters is discussed. Examples of multichannel data obtained with the system are given.

  12. Polyamine FTX-3.3 and polyamine amide sFTX-3.3 inhibit presynaptic calcium currents and acetylcholine release at mouse motor nerve terminals.

    PubMed

    Fatehi, M; Rowan, E G; Harvey, A L; Moya, E; Blagbrough, I S

    1997-02-01

    FTX-3.3 is the proposed structure of a calcium-channel blocking toxin that has been isolated from the funnel web spider (Agelenopsis aperta). The effects of FTX-3.3 and one of its analogues, sFTX-3.3, on acetylcholine release, on presynaptic currents at mouse motor nerve terminals and on whole-cell sodium currents in SK.N.SH cells (a human neuroblastoma cell line) have been studied. FTX-3.3 (10-30 microM) and sFTX-3.3 (100-300 microM) reversibly reduced release of acetylcholine by approximately 70-90% and 40-60%, respectively. FTX-3.3 (10 microM) blocked the fast component of presynaptic calcium currents by approximately 60%. sFTX-3.3 (100 microM) reduced the duration of the slow component of presynaptic calcium currents by about 50% of the control and also reduced presynaptic sodium current by approximately 20% of the control. sFTX-3.3 (100 microM) reduced whole-cell sodium current recorded from SK.N.SH cells by approximately 15%, whereas FTX-3.3, even at 200 microM, did not affect this current. Since the only difference in chemical structures of these toxins is that sFTX-3.3 has an amide function which is absent in FTX-3.3, the amide function may be responsible for the reduced potency and selectivity of sFTX-3.3. This study also provides further support for the existence of P-type calcium channels at mouse motor nerve terminals.

  13. Nanostructured N-doped TiO2 marigold flowers for an efficient solar hydrogen production from H2S

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chaudhari, Nilima S.; Warule, Sambhaji S.; Dhanmane, Sushil A.; Kulkarni, Milind V.; Valant, Matjaz; Kale, Bharat B.

    2013-09-01

    Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanostructures in the form of marigold flowers have been synthesized for the first time using a facile solvothermal method. The structural analysis has shown that such an N-doped TiO2 system crystallizes in the anatase structure. The optical absorption spectra have clearly shown the shift in the absorption edge towards the visible-light range, which indicates successful nitrogen doping. The nitrogen doping has been further confirmed by photoluminescence and photoemission spectroscopy. Microscopy studies have shown the thin nanosheets (petals) of N-TiO2 with a thickness of ~2-3 nm, assembled in the form of the marigold flower with a high surface area (224 m2 g-1). The N-TiO2 nanostructure with marigold flowers is an efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of H2S and production of hydrogen under solar light. The maximum hydrogen evolution obtained is higher than other known N-TiO2 systems. It is noteworthy that photohydrogen production using the unique marigold flowers of N-TiO2 from abundant H2S under solar light is hitherto unattempted. The proposed synthesis method can also be utilized to design other hierarchical nanostructured N-doped metal oxides.Nitrogen-doped TiO2 nanostructures in the form of marigold flowers have been synthesized for the first time using a facile solvothermal method. The structural analysis has shown that such an N-doped TiO2 system crystallizes in the anatase structure. The optical absorption spectra have clearly shown the shift in the absorption edge towards the visible-light range, which indicates successful nitrogen doping. The nitrogen doping has been further confirmed by photoluminescence and photoemission spectroscopy. Microscopy studies have shown the thin nanosheets (petals) of N-TiO2 with a thickness of ~2-3 nm, assembled in the form of the marigold flower with a high surface area (224 m2 g-1). The N-TiO2 nanostructure with marigold flowers is an efficient photocatalyst for the decomposition of H2S and

  14. 3D-LZ helicopter ladar imaging system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Savage, James; Harrington, Walter; McKinley, R. Andrew; Burns, H. N.; Braddom, Steven; Szoboszlay, Zoltan

    2010-04-01

    A joint-service team led by the Air Force Research Laboratory's Munitions and Sensors Directorates completed a successful flight test demonstration of the 3D-LZ Helicopter LADAR Imaging System. This was a milestone demonstration in the development of technology solutions for a problem known as "helicopter brownout", the loss of situational awareness caused by swirling sand during approach and landing. The 3D-LZ LADAR was developed by H.N. Burns Engineering and integrated with the US Army Aeroflightdynamics Directorate's Brown-Out Symbology System aircraft state symbology aboard a US Army EH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The combination of these systems provided an integrated degraded visual environment landing solution with landing zone situational awareness as well as aircraft guidance and obstacle avoidance information. Pilots from the U.S. Army, Air Force, Navy, and Marine Corps achieved a 77% landing rate in full brownout conditions at a test range at Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. This paper will focus on the LADAR technology used in 3D-LZ and the results of this milestone demonstration.

  15. Top-Contact Pentacene-Based Organic Thin Film Transistor (OTFT) with N, N'-Bis(3-Methyl Phenyl)- N, N'-Diphenyl Benzidine (TPD)/Au Bilayer Source-Drain Electrode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Borthakur, Tribeni; Sarma, Ranjit

    2018-01-01

    A top-contact Pentacene-based organic thin film transistor (OTFT) with N, N'-Bis (3-methyl phenyl)- N, N'-diphenyl benzidine (TPD)/Au bilayer source-drain electrode is reported. The devices with TPD/Au bilayer source-drain (S-D) electrodes show better performance than the single layer S-D electrode OTFT devices. The field-effect mobility of 4.13 cm2 v-1 s-1, the on-off ratio of 1.86 × 107, the threshold voltage of -4 v and the subthreshold slope of .27 v/decade, respectively, are obtained from the device with a TPD/Au bilayer source-drain electrode.

  16. Compilation, design tests: Energetic particles Satellite S-3 including design tests for S-3A, S-3B and S-3C

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ledoux, F. N.

    1973-01-01

    A compilation of engineering design tests which were conducted in support of the Energetic Particle Satellite S-3, S-3A, and S-3b programs. The purpose for conducting the tests was to determine the adequacy and reliability of the Energetic Particles Series of satellites designs. The various tests consisted of: (1) moments of inertia, (2) functional reliability, (3) component and structural integrity, (4) initiators and explosives tests, and (5) acceptance tests.

  17. Thermodynamic Laws Applied to Economic Systems

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    González, José Villacís

    2009-01-01

    Economic activity in its different manifestations--production, exchange, consumption and, particularly, information on quantities and prices--generates and transfers energy. As a result, we can apply to it the basic laws of thermodynamics. These laws are applicable within a system, i.e., in a country or between systems and countries. To these…

  18. Inferring the global phylodynamics of influenza A/H3N2 viruses in Taiwan.

    PubMed

    Gong, Yu-Nong; Tsao, Kuo-Chien; Chen, Guang-Wu

    2018-02-20

    Influenza A/H3N2 viruses are characterized by highly mutated RNA genomes. In this study, we focused on tracing the phylodynamics of Taiwanese strains over the past four decades. All Taiwanese H3N2 HA1 sequences and references were downloaded from public database. A Bayesian skyline plot (BSP) and phylogenetic tree were used to analyze the evolutionary history, and Bayesian phylogeographic analysis was applied to predict the spatiotemporal migrations of influenza outbreaks. Genetic diversity was found to have peaked near the summer of 2009 in BSP, in addition to the two earlier reported ones in summer of 2005 and 2007. We predicted their spatiotemporal migrations and found the summer epidemic of 2005 from Korea, and 2007 and 2009 from the Western United States. BSP also predicted an elevated genetic diversity in 2015-2017. Quasispecies were found over approximately 20% of the strains included in this time span. In addition, a first-time seen N31S mutation was noted in Taiwan in 2016-2017. We comprehensively investigated the evolutionary history of Taiwanese strains in 1979-2017. An epidemic caution could thus be raised if genetic diversity was found to have peaked. An example showed a newly-discovered cluster in 2016-2017 strains featuring a mutation N31S together with HA-160 quasispecies. Phylogeographic analysis, moreover, provided useful insights in tracing the possible source and migrations of these epidemics around the world. We demonstrated that Asian destinations including Taiwan were the immediate followers, while U.S. continent was predicted the origin of two summer epidemics in 2007 and 2009. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  19. Exact e-e (exchange) correlations of 2-D quantum dots in magnetic field: Size extensive N = 3 , 4 , … , ‧ n ‧ -electron systems via multi-pole expansion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Aggarwal, Priyanka; Sharma, Shivalika; Singh, Sunny; Kaur, Harsimran; Hazra, Ram Kuntal

    2017-04-01

    Inclusion of coulomb interaction emerges with the complexity of either convergence of integrals or separation of variables of Schrödinger equations. For an N-electron system, interaction terms grow by N(N-1)/2 factors. Therefore, 2-e system stands as fundamental basic unit for generalized N-e systems. For the first time, we have evaluated e-e correlations in very simple and absolutely terminating finite summed hypergeometric series for 2-D double carrier parabolic quantum dot in both zero and arbitrary non-zero magnetic field (symmetric gauge) and have appraised these integrals in variational methods. The competitive role among confinement strength, magnetic field, mass of the carrier and dielectric constant of the medium on energy level diagram, level-spacing statistics, heat capacities (Cv at 1 K) and magnetization (T ∼ (0-1)K) is studied on systems spanning over wide range of materials (GaAs,Ge,CdS,SiO2 and He, etc). We have also constructed an exact theory for generalized correlated N-e 2-D quantum dots via multi-pole expansion but for the sake of compactness of the article we refrain from data.

  20. Heats of NF(sub n) (n= 1-3) and NF(sub n)(+)(n = 1-3)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ricca, Alessandra; Arnold, James (Technical Monitor)

    1998-01-01

    Accurate heats of formation are computed for NF(sub n) and NF(sub n)(+), for n = 1-3. The geometries and the vibrational frequencies are determined at the B3LYP level of theory. The energetics are determined at the CCSD(T) level of theory. Basis set limit values are obtained by extrapolation. In those cases where the CCSD(T) calculations become prohibitively large, the basis set extrapolation is performed at the MP2 level. The temperature dependence of the heat of formation, heat capacity, and entropy are computed for the temperature range 300 to 4000 K and fit to a polynomial.

  1. Center for Urban Transportation Studies | College of Engineering & Applied

    Science.gov Websites

    Engineering of the College of Engineering and Applied Science as well as with the faculty at UW-Madison, UW Science A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z D2L PAWS Email My UW-System About UWM Jobs D2L PAWS Email My UW-System University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee College ofEngineering &

  2. Chemical bath deposition of Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3} thin films

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Deshmukh, S.G., E-mail: deshmukhpradyumn@gmail.com; Vipul, Kheraj, E-mail: vipulkheraj@gmail.com; Panchal, A.K.

    2016-05-06

    First time, copper bismuth sulfide (Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3}) thin films were synthesized on the glass substrate using simple, low-cost chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. The synthesized parameters such as temperature of bath, pH and concentration of precursors were optimized for the deposition of uniform, well adherent Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3} thin films. The optical, surface morphology and structural properties of the Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3} thin films were studied using UV-VIS-NIR spectra, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The as- synthesized Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3} film exhibits a direct band gap 1.56 to 1.58 eV having absorption coefficient of the ordermore » of 10{sup 5} cm{sup −1}. The XRD declares the amorphous nature of the films. SEM images shows films were composed of close-packed fine spherical nanoparticles of 70-80 nm in diameter. The chemical composition of the film was almost stoichiometric. The optical study indicates that the Cu{sub 3}BiS{sub 3} films can be applied as an absorber layer for thin film solar cells.« less

  3. The 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold for subtype selective nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) ligands. Part 1: the influence of different hydrogen bond acceptor systems on alkyl and (hetero)aryl substituents.

    PubMed

    Eibl, Christoph; Tomassoli, Isabelle; Munoz, Lenka; Stokes, Clare; Papke, Roger L; Gündisch, Daniela

    2013-12-01

    3,7-Diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane is a naturally occurring scaffold interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). When one nitrogen of the 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane scaffold was implemented in a carboxamide motif displaying a hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) functionality, compounds with higher affinities and subtype selectivity for α4β2(∗) were obtained. The nature of the HBA system (carboxamide, sulfonamide, urea) had a strong impact on nAChR interaction. High affinity ligands for α4β2(∗) possessed small alkyl chains, small un-substituted hetero-aryl groups or para-substituted phenyl ring systems along with a carboxamide group. Electrophysiological responses of selected 3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane derivatives to Xenopus oocytes expressing various nAChR subtypes showed diverse activation profiles. Compounds with strongest agonistic profiles were obtained with small alkyl groups whereas a shift to partial agonism/antagonism was observed for aryl substituents. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Extensions and improvements on XTRAN3S

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Borland, C. J.

    1989-01-01

    Improvements to the XTRAN3S computer program are summarized. Work on this code, for steady and unsteady aerodynamic and aeroelastic analysis in the transonic flow regime has concentrated on the following areas: (1) Maintenance of the XTRAN3S code, including correction of errors, enhancement of operational capability, and installation on the Cray X-MP system; (2) Extension of the vectorization concepts in XTRAN3S to include additional areas of the code for improved execution speed; (3) Modification of the XTRAN3S algorithm for improved numerical stability for swept, tapered wing cases and improved computational efficiency; and (4) Extension of the wing-only version of XTRAN3S to include pylon and nacelle or external store capability.

  5. Visible light active 2D C3N4-CdS hetero-junction photocatalyst for effective removal of azo dye by photodegradation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ghosh Chaudhuri, Rajib; Chaturvedi, Ashwin; Iype, Eldhose

    2018-03-01

    A hetero-junction two dimensional photocatalyst that consists of organic semiconductor carbon nitride (C3N4) and inorganic semiconductor CdS, which acts as the light harvesting units and heterogeneous catalyst, was developed for the degradation of azo dye methyl orange (MO). Both materials are visible light active semiconductor. So the effective band gap of this heterojunction materials does not significantly change the visible light activity, but the injection of electrons from excited C3N4 to CdS increases the stability of hole-electron pair and that ultimately enhances the photocatalytic activity. This heterojunction catalyst finally can remove 97% of dyes and that is comparatively higher than individual pure materials. Finally, by using DFT analysis the band structure and the level diagrams of this photocatalyst are also analyzed.

  6. Temperature-dependent thermal and thermoelectric properties of n -type and p -type S c1 -xM gxN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Saha, Bivas; Perez-Taborda, Jaime Andres; Bahk, Je-Hyeong; Koh, Yee Rui; Shakouri, Ali; Martin-Gonzalez, Marisol; Sands, Timothy D.

    2018-02-01

    Scandium Nitride (ScN) is an emerging rocksalt semiconductor with octahedral coordination and an indirect bandgap. ScN has attracted significant attention in recent years for its potential thermoelectric applications, as a component material in epitaxial metal/semiconductor superlattices, and as a substrate for defect-free GaN growth. Sputter-deposited ScN thin films are highly degenerate n -type semiconductors and exhibit a large thermoelectric power factor of ˜3.5 ×10-3W /m -K2 at 600-800 K. Since practical thermoelectric devices require both n- and p-type materials with high thermoelectric figures-of-merit, development and demonstration of highly efficient p-type ScN is extremely important. Recently, the authors have demonstrated p-type S c1 -xM gxN thin film alloys with low M gxNy mole-fractions within the ScN matrix. In this article, we demonstrate temperature dependent thermal and thermoelectric transport properties, including large thermoelectric power factors in both n- and p-type S c1 -xM gxN thin film alloys at high temperatures (up to 850 K). Employing a combination of temperature-dependent Seebeck coefficient, electrical conductivity, and thermal conductivity measurements, as well as detailed Boltzmann transport-based modeling analyses of the transport properties, we demonstrate that p-type S c1 -xM gxN thin film alloys exhibit a maximum thermoelectric power factor of ˜0.8 ×10-3W /m -K2 at 850 K. The thermoelectric properties are tunable by adjusting the M gxNy mole-fraction inside the ScN matrix, thereby shifting the Fermi energy in the alloy films from inside the conduction band in case of undoped n -type ScN to inside the valence band in highly hole-doped p -type S c1 -xM gxN thin film alloys. The thermal conductivities of both the n- and p-type films were found to be undesirably large for thermoelectric applications. Thus, future work should address strategies to reduce the thermal conductivity of S c1 -xM gxN thin-film alloys, without affecting

  7. Swine influenza virus vaccine serologic cross-reactivity to contemporary US swine H3N2 and efficacy in pigs infected with an H3N2 similar to 2011-2012 H3N2v.

    PubMed

    Kitikoon, Pravina; Gauger, Phillip C; Anderson, Tavis K; Culhane, Marie R; Swenson, Sabrina; Loving, Crystal L; Perez, Daniel R; Vincent, Amy L

    2013-12-01

    Swine influenza A virus (IAV) reassortment with 2009 H1N1 pandemic (H1N1pdm09) virus has been documented, and new genotypes and subclusters of H3N2 have since expanded in the US swine population. An H3N2 variant (H3N2v) virus with the H1N1pdm09 matrix gene and the remaining genes of swine triple reassortant H3N2 caused outbreaks at agricultural fairs in 2011-2012. To assess commercial swine IAV vaccines' efficacy against H3N2 viruses, including those similar to H3N2v, antisera to three vaccines were tested by hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) assay against contemporary H3N2. Vaccine 1, with high HI cross-reactivity, was further investigated for efficacy against H3N2 virus infection in pigs with or without maternally derived antibodies (MDA). In addition, efficacy of a vaccine derived from whole inactivated virus (WIV) was compared with live attenuated influenza virus (LAIV) against H3N2. Hemagglutinin inhibition cross-reactivity demonstrated that contemporary swine H3N2 viruses have drifted from viruses in current swine IAV vaccines. The vaccine with the highest level of HI cross-reactivity significantly protected pigs without MDA. However, the presence of MDA at vaccination blocked vaccine efficacy. The performance of WIV and LAIV was comparable in the absence of MDA. Swine IAV in the United States is complex and dynamic. Vaccination to minimize virus shedding can help limit transmission of virus among pigs and people. However, vaccines must be updated. A critical review of the use of WIV in sows is required in the context of the current IAV ecology and vaccine application in pigs with MDA. Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.

  8. A n-3 PUFA depletion applied to rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) does not modulate its subsequent lipid bioconversion capacity.

    PubMed

    Mellery, Julie; Brel, Jonathan; Dort, Junio; Geay, Florian; Kestemont, Patrick; Francis, David S; Larondelle, Yvan; Rollin, Xavier

    2017-01-01

    Nutritional strategies are currently developed to produce farmed fish rich in n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) whilst replacing fish oil by plant-derived oils in aquafeeds. The optimisation of such strategies requires a thorough understanding of fish lipid metabolism and its nutritional modulation. The present study evaluated the fatty acid bioconversion capacity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fry previously depleted in n-3 PUFA through a 60-d pre-experimental feeding period with a sunflower oil-based diet (SO) followed by a 36-d experimental period during which fish were fed either a linseed oil-based diet (LO) (this treatment being called SO/LO) or a fish oil-based diet (FO) (this treatment being called SO/FO). These treatments were compared with fish continuously fed on SO, LO or FO for 96 d. At the end of the 36-d experimental period, SO/LO and SO/FO fish recovered >80 % of the n-3 LC-PUFA reported for LO and FO fish, respectively. Fish fed on LO showed high apparent in vivo elongation and desaturation activities along the n-3 biosynthesis pathway. However, at the end of the experimental period, no impact of the fish n-3 PUFA depletion was observed on apparent in vivo elongation and desaturation activities of SO/LO fish as compared with LO fish. In contrast, the fish n-3 PUFA depletion negatively modulated the n-6 PUFA bioconversion capacity of fish in terms of reduced apparent in vivo elongation and desaturation activities. The effects were similar after 10 or 36 d of the experimental period, indicating the absence of short-term effects.

  9. Photo-sensitization of ZnS nanoparticles with renowned ruthenium dyes N3, N719 and Z907 for application in solid state dye sensitized solar cells: A comparative study.

    PubMed

    Nosheen, Erum; Shah, Syed Mujtaba; Hussain, Hazrat; Murtaza, Ghulam

    2016-09-01

    This article presents a comprehensive relative report on the grafting of ZnS with renowned ruthenium ((Ru) dyes i.e. N3, N719 and Z907) and gives insight into their charge transfer interaction and sensitization mechanism for boosting solar cell efficiency. Influence of dye concentration on cell performance is also reported here. ZnS nanoparticles synthesized by a simple coprecipitation method with an average particle size of 15±2nm were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Elemental dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), tunneling electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. UV-Vis, photoluminescence (PL) and Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirms the successful grafting of these dyes over ZnS nanoparticles surface. Low-energy metal-to-ligand charge-transfer transition (MLCT) bands of dyes are mainly affected on grafting over the nanoparticle surface. Moreover their current voltage (I-V) results confirm the efficiency enhancement in ZnS solid state dye sensitized solar cells (SSDSSCs) owing to effective sensitization of this material with Ru dyes and helps in finding the optimum dye concentration for nanoparticles sensitization. Highest rise in overall solar cell efficiency i.e. 64% of the reference device has been observed for 0.3mM N719-ZnS sample owing to increased open circuit voltage (Voc) and fill factor (FF). Experimental and proposed results were found in good agreement with each other. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. Thermal formation effect of g-C3N4 structure on the visible light driven photocatalysis of g-C3N4/NiTiO3 Z-scheme composite photocatalysts

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pham, Thanh-Truc; Shin, Eun Woo

    2018-07-01

    The development of efficient visible-light driven photocatalysts has attracted considerable attention in environmental protection and remediation. In this study, the facile thermal polymerization of dicyandiamide (DCDA) to graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) in the presence of nickel titanium trioxide (NiTiO3) was investigated for fabricating g-C3N4 and NiTiO3 composite (CNT) photocatalysts to understand the influence of the presence of NiTiO3 on the thermal formation of g-C3N4 layers from DCDA and to find an optimal processing temperature for fabricating CNT photocatalysts. To examine the effect of NiTiO3 on the fabrication of CNT photocatalysts, a gas phase environment (flowing air or nitrogen) and different processing temperatures were employed as preparation variables to control the properties of the CNT photocatalysts. In addition, the CNT photocatalysts were applied for the visible light driven photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue to evaluate their photocatalytic performances. The CNT photocatalyst prepared at T = 500 °C showed the highest photocatalytic activity, which was caused by the optimal morphology of g-C3N4 in the composite photocatalysts. The NiTiO3 inorganic phase in the composite photocatalysts acted as a catalyst to accelerate the thermal polymerization to form the g-C3N4 structure and as a promoter to increase the photocatalytic activity during photodegradation.

  11. 40 CFR 721.10175 - 1-Propanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-sulfo-, N-(C12-18 and C18-unsatd...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false 1-Propanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2... 1-Propanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-sulfo-, N-(C12-18 and C18-unsatd. acyl... chemical substance identified as 1-Propanaminium, N-(3-aminopropyl)-2-hydroxy-N,N-dimethyl-3-sulfo-, N-(C12...

  12. Theoretical studies on the electronic structures and photoelectron spectra of tri-rhenium oxide clusters: Re3O(n)(-) and Re3O(n) (n=1-6).

    PubMed

    Zhou, Qi; Gong, Wei-Chao; Xie, Lu; Zheng, Cun-Gong; Zhang, Wei; Wang, Bin; Zhang, Yong-Fan; Huang, Xin

    2014-01-03

    Density functional theory (DFT) calculations are performed to study the structural and electronic properties of tri-rhenium oxide clusters Re3On(-/0) (n=1-6). Generalized Koopmans' theorem is applied to predict the vertical detachment energies (VDEs) and simulate the photoelectron spectra (PES). Theoretical calculations at the B3LYP level are carried out to search for the global minima for both the anions and the neutrals. For the anions, the first two O atoms prefer the same corner position of a Re3 triangle. Whereas, Re3O3(-) possesses a C2v symmetry with one bridging and two terminal O atoms. The next three O atoms (n=4-6) are adding sequentially on the basis of Re3O3(-) motif, i.e., adding one terminal O atom for Re3O4(-), one terminal and one bridging O atoms for Re3O5(-), and one terminal and two bridging O atoms for Re3O6(-), respectively. Their corresponding neutral species are similar to the anions in geometry except Re3O4 and Re3O5. Molecular orbital analyses are employed to investigate the chemical bonding and structural evolution in these tri-rhenium oxide clusters. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Diffusion and reactivity of ground-state nitrogen atoms N(4S) between 3 and 15 K: application to the hydrogen abstraction reaction from methane under non-energetic conditions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nourry, Sendres; Krim, Lahouari

    2015-07-01

    We have characterized the CH4 + N(4S) reaction in solid phase, at very low temperature, under non-energetic conditions and where the CH4 and N reactants are in their ground states. A microwave-driven atomic source has been used to generate ground-state nitrogen atoms N(4S), and experiments have been carried out at temperatures as low as 3 K to reduce the mobility of the trapped species in solid phase and hence to freeze the first step of the CH4 + N reaction pathway. Leaving the formed solid sample in the dark for a while allows all trapped reactants to relax to the ground state, specifically radicals and excited species streaming from the plasma discharge. Such a method could be the only possibility of proving that the CH4 + N reaction occurs between CH4 and N reactants in their ground states without any additional energy to initiate the chemical process. The appearance of the CH3 reaction product, just by inducing the mobility of N atoms between 3 and 11 K, translates that a hydrogen abstraction reaction from methane, under non-energetic conditions, will start occurring at very low temperature. The formation of methyl radical, under these experimental conditions, is due to recombination processes N(4S)-N(4S) of ground-state nitrogen atoms without any contribution of cosmic ray particles or high-energy photons.

  14. Organizational Culture: Applying a Hybrid Model to the U.S. Army

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2008-11-01

    Organizational Culture : Applying A Hybrid Model to the U.S. Army Stephen J. Gerras Leonard Wong Charles D. Allen...2008 to 00-00-2008 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Organizational Culture : Applying A Hybrid Model to the U.S. Army 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c...unclassified Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std Z39-18 2 Organizational Culture : A Hybrid Model INTRODUCTION Explanations for

  15. N-(1-Allyl-3-chloro-4-eth-oxy-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-methyl-benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Bouissane, Latifa; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-06-01

    In the title compound, C19H20ClN3O3S, the benzene ring is inclined to the indazole ring system by 51.23 (8)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by pairs of N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming inversion dimers which stack in columns parallel to [011]. The atoms in the allyl group are disordered over two sets of sites with an occupancy ratio of 0.624 (8):0.376 (8).

  16. Pathogenicity and transmission in pigs of the novel A(H3N2)v influenza virus isolated from humans and characterization of swine H3N2 viruses isolated in 2010-2011

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Swine influenza virus (SIV) H3N2 with triple reassorted internal genes (TRIG) has been enzootic in U.S. since 1998. Transmission of the 2009 pandemic H1N1 (pH1N1) virus to pigs in the U.S. was followed by reassortment with endemic SIV, resulting in reassorted viruses that include novel H3N2 genotype...

  17. Strain tunable magnetic properties of 3d transition-metal ion doped monolayer MoS2: A first-principles study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Yupeng; Liang, Xiao; Qin, Jun; Deng, Longjiang; Bi, Lei

    2018-05-01

    In this article, a systematic study on the magnetic properties and strain tunability of 3d transition metal ions (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) doped MoS2 using first-principles calculations is performed. Antiferromagnetic coupling is observed between Mn, Fe ions and the nearest neighbor Mo ions; whereas ferromagnetic coupling is observed in Co and Ni systems. It is also shown that by applying biaxial tensile strain, a significant change of the magnetic moment is observed in all transition metal doped MoS2 materials with a strain threshold. The changes of total magnetic moment have different mechanisms for different doping systems including an abrupt change of the bond lengths, charge transfer and strain induced structural anisotropy. These results demonstrate applying strain as a promising method for tuning the magnetic properties in transition metal ion doped monolayer MoS2.

  18. Ab initio description of continuum effects in A=11 exotic systems with chiral NN+3N forces

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Calci, Angelo; Navratil, Petr; Roth, Robert; Dohet-Eraly, Jeremy; Quaglioni, Sofia; Hupin, Guillaume

    2016-09-01

    Based on the fundamental symmetries of QCD, chiral effective field theory (EFT) provides two- (NN), three- (3N) and many-nucleon interactions in a consistent and systematically improvable scheme. The rapid developments to construct divers families of chiral NN+3N interactions and the conceptual and technical improvements of ab initio many-body approaches pose a great opportunity for nuclear physics. By studying particular interesting phenomena in nuclear structure and reaction observables one can discriminate between different forces and study the predictive power of chiral EFT. The accurate description of the 11Be nucleus, in particular, the ground-state parity inversion and exceptionally strong E1 transition between its two bound states constitute an enormous challenge for the developments of nuclear forces and many-body approaches. We present a sensitivity analysis of structure and reaction observables to different NN+3N interactions in 11Be and n+10Be as well as the mirror p+10C scattering using the ab initio NCSM with continuum (NCSMC). Supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Work Proposal No. SCW1158. TRIUMF receives federal funding via a contribution agreement with the National Research Council of Canada.

  19. Flow Matching Results of an MHD Energy Bypass System on a Supersonic Turbojet Engine Using the Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) Environment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Benyo, Theresa L.

    2011-01-01

    Flow matching has been successfully achieved for an MHD energy bypass system on a supersonic turbojet engine. The Numerical Propulsion System Simulation (NPSS) environment helped perform a thermodynamic cycle analysis to properly match the flows from an inlet employing a MHD energy bypass system (consisting of an MHD generator and MHD accelerator) on a supersonic turbojet engine. Working with various operating conditions (such as the applied magnetic field, MHD generator length and flow conductivity), interfacing studies were conducted between the MHD generator, the turbojet engine, and the MHD accelerator. This paper briefly describes the NPSS environment used in this analysis. This paper further describes the analysis of a supersonic turbojet engine with an MHD generator/accelerator energy bypass system. Results from this study have shown that using MHD energy bypass in the flow path of a supersonic turbojet engine increases the useful Mach number operating range from 0 to 3.0 Mach (not using MHD) to a range of 0 to 7.0 Mach with specific net thrust range of 740 N-s/kg (at ambient Mach = 3.25) to 70 N-s/kg (at ambient Mach = 7). These results were achieved with an applied magnetic field of 2.5 Tesla and conductivity levels in a range from 2 mhos/m (ambient Mach = 7) to 5.5 mhos/m (ambient Mach = 3.5) for an MHD generator length of 3 m.

  20. A covariant model for the gamma N -> N(1535) transition at high momentum transfer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    G. Ramalho, M.T. Pena

    2011-08-01

    A relativistic constituent quark model is applied to the gamma N -> N(1535) transition. The N(1535) wave function is determined by extending the covariant spectator quark model, previously developed for the nucleon, to the S11 resonance. The model allows us to calculate the valence quark contributions to the gamma N -> N(1535) transition form factors. Because of the nucleon and N(1535) structure the model is valid only for Q^2> 2.3 GeV^2. The results are compared with the experimental data for the electromagnetic form factors F1* and F2* and the helicity amplitudes A_1/2 and S_1/2, at high Q^2.

  1. Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu3N

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam; Hanifi, David; Salleo, Alberto; Magyari-Köpe, Blanka; Nishi, Yoshio; Bent, Stacey F.; Clemens, Bruce M.

    2018-06-01

    We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies VCu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cui behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band, which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cui defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu3N /ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. The absence of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cui recombination centers capturing electrons in p -type Cu3N .

  2. Measurements of the $$\\Upsilon$$(1S), $$\\Upsilon$$(2S), and $$\\Upsilon$$(3S) differential cross sections in pp collisions at $$\\sqrt{s} =$$ 7 TeV

    DOE PAGES

    Khachatryan, Vardan

    2015-07-22

    Differential cross sections as a function of transverse momentum p T are presented for the production of Υ(nS) (n = 1, 2, 3) states decaying into a pair of muons. Thus, data corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb -1 in pp collisions at √s = 7 TeV were collected with the CMS detector at the LHC. The analysis selects events with dimuon rapidity |y| < 1.2 and dimuon transverse momentum in the range 10 < p T < 100 GeV. The measurements show a transition from an exponential to a power-law behavior at p T ≈ 20 GeVmore » for the three Υ states. Above that transition, the Υ(3S) spectrum is significantly harder than that of the Υ(1S). The ratios of the Υ(3S) and Υ(2S) differential cross sections to theγ Υ(1S) cross section show a rise as p T increases at low p T, then become flatter at higher p T.« less

  3. Elliptic flow in heavy-ion collisions at energies √{sN N}=2.7 - 39 GeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ivanov, Yu. B.; Soldatov, A. A.

    2015-02-01

    The transverse-momentum-integrated elliptic flow of charged particles at midrapidity, v2(charged), and that of identified hadrons from Au +Au collisions are computed in a wide range of incident energies 2.7 ≤√{sN N}≤ 39 GeV. The simulations are performed within a three-fluid model by employing three different equations of state (EoSs): a purely hadronic EoS and two versions of the EoS involving the deconfinement transition—a first-order phase transition and a smooth crossover one. The present simulations demonstrate low sensitivity of v2(charged) to the EoS. All considered scenarios equally well reproduce recent STAR data on v2(charged) for mid-central Au +Au collisions and properly describe its change of sign at the incident energy decrease below √{sN N}≈ 3.5 GeV. The predicted integrated elliptic flow of various species exhibits a stronger dependence on the EoS. A noticeable sensitivity to the EoS is found for antibaryons and, to a lesser extent, for K- mesons. In particular, the v2 excitation functions of antibaryons exhibit a nonmonotonicity within the deconfinement scenarios that was predicted by Kolb, Sollfrank, and Heinz. However, low multiplicities of antibaryons at √{sN N}≤ 10 GeV result in large fluctuations of their v2, which may wash out this nonmonotonicity.

  4. Short-term n-3 fatty acid supplementation but not aspirin increases plasma proresolving mediators of inflammation.

    PubMed

    Barden, Anne; Mas, Emilie; Croft, Kevin D; Phillips, Michael; Mori, Trevor A

    2014-11-01

    Resolution of inflammation is an active process involving specialized proresolving mediators (SPM) formed from the n-3 fatty acids. This study examined the effect of n-3 fatty acid supplementation and aspirin on plasma SPMs in healthy humans. Healthy volunteers (n = 21) were supplemented with n-3 fatty acids (2.4g/day) for 7 days with random assignment to take aspirin (300 mg/day) or placebo from day 5 to day 7. Blood was collected at baseline (day 0), day 5, and day 7. Plasma 18R/S-HEPE, E-series resolvins, 17R/S-HDHA, D-series resolvins, 14R/S-HDHA, and MaR-1 were measured by LC/MS/MS. At baseline concentrations of E- and D- series resolvins and the upstream precursors 18R/S-HEPE, 17R/S-HDHA ranged from 0.1nM to 0.2nM. 14R/S-HDHA was 3-fold higher than the other SPMs at baseline but MaR-1 was below the limit of detection. Supplementation with n-3 fatty acids significantly increased RvE1, 18R/S-HEPE, 17R/S-HDHA, and 14R/S-HDHA but not other SPMs. The addition of aspirin after 5 days of n-3 fatty acids did not affect concentrations of any SPM. N-3 fatty acid supplementation for 5 days results in concentrations of SPMs that are biologically active in healthy humans. Aspirin administered after n-3 fatty acids did not offer any additional benefit in elevating the levels of SPMs. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  5. The First Molybdenum(VI) and Tungsten(VI) Oxoazides MO2(N3)2, MO2(N3)2⋅2 CH3CN, (bipy)MO2(N3)2, and [MO2(N3)4](2-) (M=Mo, W).

    PubMed

    Haiges, Ralf; Skotnitzki, Juri; Fang, Zongtang; Dixon, David A; Christe, Karl O

    2015-08-10

    Molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) dioxodiazide, MO2(N3)2 (M=Mo, W), were prepared through fluoride-azide exchange reactions between MO2F2 and Me3SiN3 in SO2 solution. In acetonitrile solution, the fluoride-azide exchange resulted in the isolation of the adducts MO2(N3)2⋅2 CH3CN. The subsequent reaction of MO2(N3)2 with 2,2'-bipyridine (bipy) gave the bipyridine adducts (bipy)MO2(N3)2. The hydrolysis of (bipy)MoO2(N3)2 resulted in the formation and isolation of [(bipy)MoO2N3]2O. The tetraazido anions [MO2(N3)4](2-) were obtained by the reaction of MO2(N3)2 with two equivalents of ionic azide. Most molybdenum(VI) and tungsten(VI) dioxoazides were fully characterized by their vibrational spectra, impact, friction, and thermal sensitivity data and, in the case of (bipy)MoO2(N3)2, (bipy)WO2(N3)2, [PPh4]2[MoO2(N3)4], [PPh4]2[WO2(N3)4], and [(bipy)MoO2N3]2O by their X-ray crystal structures. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. Complex Adaptive Systems of Systems (CASoS) engineering and foundations for global design.

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Brodsky, Nancy S.; Finley, Patrick D.; Beyeler, Walter Eugene

    2012-01-01

    Complex Adaptive Systems of Systems, or CASoS, are vastly complex ecological, sociological, economic and/or technical systems which must be recognized and reckoned with to design a secure future for the nation and the world. Design within CASoS requires the fostering of a new discipline, CASoS Engineering, and the building of capability to support it. Towards this primary objective, we created the Phoenix Pilot as a crucible from which systemization of the new discipline could emerge. Using a wide range of applications, Phoenix has begun building both theoretical foundations and capability for: the integration of Applications to continuously build common understandingmore » and capability; a Framework for defining problems, designing and testing solutions, and actualizing these solutions within the CASoS of interest; and an engineering Environment required for 'the doing' of CASoS Engineering. In a secondary objective, we applied CASoS Engineering principles to begin to build a foundation for design in context of Global CASoS« less

  7. 50 CFR 23.32 - How do I apply for a U.S. CITES document?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false How do I apply for a U.S. CITES document... FAUNA AND FLORA (CITES) Application Procedures, Criteria, and Conditions § 23.32 How do I apply for a U.S. CITES document? (a) To apply for a U.S. CITES document, you must complete a standard application...

  8. Aerosol Synthesis of N and N-S Doped and Crumpled Graphene Nanostructures.

    PubMed

    Carraro, Francesco; Cattelan, Mattia; Favaro, Marco; Calvillo, Laura

    2018-06-06

    Chemically modified graphene⁻based materials (CMG) are currently attracting a vast interest in their application in different fields. In particular, heteroatom-doped graphenes have revealed great potentialities in the field of electrocatalysis as substitutes of fuel cell noble metal⁻based catalysts. In this work, we investigate an innovative process for doping graphene nanostructures. We optimize a novel synthetic route based on aerosol preparation, which allows the simultaneous doping, crumpling, and reduction of graphene oxide (GO). Starting from aqueous solutions containing GO and the dopant precursors, we synthesize N- and N,S-dual-doped 3D graphene nanostructures (N-cGO and N,S-cGO). In the aerosol process, every aerosol droplet can be considered as a microreactor where dopant precursors undergo thermal decomposition and react with the GO flakes. Simultaneously, thanks to the relatively high temperature, GO undergoes crumpling and partial reduction. Using a combination of spectroscopic and microscopic characterization techniques, we investigate the morphology of the obtained materials and the chemical nature of the dopants within the crumpled graphene sheets. This study highlights the versatility of the aerosol process for the design of new CMG materials with tailored electrocatalytic properties.

  9. Metallic State FeS Anchored (Fe)/Fe3O4/N-Doped Graphitic Carbon with Porous Spongelike Structure as Durable Catalysts for Enhancing Bioelectricity Generation.

    PubMed

    Xu, Xin; Dai, Ying; Yu, Jia; Hao, Liang; Duan, Yaqiang; Sun, Ye; Zhang, Yanhong; Lin, Yuhui; Zou, Jinlong

    2017-03-29

    The critical issues in practical application of microbial fuel cells (MFCs) for wastewater treatment are the high cost and poor activity and durability of precious metal catalysts. To alleviate the activity loss and kinetic barriers for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) on cathode, (Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 /FeS/N-doped graphitic carbon ((Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 /FeS/NGC) is prepared as ORR catalyst through a one-step method using waste pomelo skins as carbon source. Various characterization techniques and electrochemical analyses are conducted to illustrate the correlation between structural characteristics and catalytic activity. MFCs with Fe/Fe 3 O 4 /FeS/NGC (900 °C) cathode produces the maximum power density of 930 ± 10 mW m -2 (Pt/C of 489 mW m -2 ) and maintains a good long-term durability, which only declines 18% after 90 day operation. Coulombic efficiency (22.2%) obtained by Fe/Fe 3 O 4 /FeS/NGC (900 °C) cathode is significantly higher than that of Pt/C (17.3%). Metallic state FeS anchored in porous NGC skeleton can boost electron transport through the interconnected channels in spongelike structure to improve catalytic activity. Charge delocalization of C atoms can be strengthened by N atoms incorporation into carbon skeleton, which correspondingly contributes to the O 2 chemisorptions and O-O bond weakening during ORR. Energetically existed active components (Fe and N species) are more efficient than Pt to trap and consume electrons in catalyzing ORR in wastewater containing Pt-poisoning substances (bacterial metabolites). (Fe)/Fe 3 O 4 /FeS/NGC catalysts with the advantages of durable power outputs and environmental-friendly raw material can cover the shortages of Pt/C and provide an outlook for further applications of these catalysts.

  10. Emissions of N2O from tropical forest soils - Response to fertilization with NH4(+), NO3(-), and PO4(3-)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Keller, M.; Kaplan, W. A.; Wofsy, S. C.; Da Costa, Jose Maria

    1988-01-01

    Undisturbed oxisols in a central Amazon tropical forest were fertilized with ammonium, nitrate, or phosphate. Enhanced emissions of N2O were observed for all treatments within one day of fertilization, with the response NO3(-) much greater than NH4(+) much greater than PO4(3-). Approximately, 0.5 percent of applied NO3(-) was converted to N2O within two weeks after application, with less than 0.1 percent of the NH4(+) converted to N2O. These experiments reveal a potentially large source of N2O from microbial reduction of NO3(-) in the clay soils of Amazonia.

  11. Research Area 3: Mathematics (3.1 Modeling of Complex Systems)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-10-31

    RESEARCH AREA 3: MATHEMATICS (3.1 Modeling of Complex Systems). Proposal should be directed to Dr. John Lavery The views, opinions and/or findings...so designated by other documentation. 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS (ES) U.S. Army Research Office P.O. Box 12211 Research ...Title: RESEARCH AREA 3: MATHEMATICS (3.1 Modeling of Complex Systems). Proposal should be directed to Dr. John Lavery Report Term: 0-Other Email

  12. Insufficiency of the Young’s modulus for illustrating the mechanical behavior of GaN nanowires

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zamani Kouhpanji, Mohammad Reza; Behzadirad, Mahmoud; Feezell, Daniel; Busani, Tito

    2018-05-01

    We use a non-classical modified couple stress theory including the acceleration gradients (MCST-AG), to precisely demonstrate the size dependency of the mechanical properties of gallium nitride (GaN) nanowires (NWs). The fundamental elastic constants, Young’s modulus and length scales of the GaN NWs were estimated both experimentally, using a novel experimental technique applied to atomic force microscopy, and theoretically, using atomic simulations. The Young’s modulus, static and the dynamic length scales, calculated with the MCST-AG, were found to be 323 GPa, 13 and 14.5 nm, respectively, for GaN NWs from a few nanometers radii to bulk radii. Analyzing the experimental data using the classical continuum theory shows an improvement in the experimental results by introducing smaller error. Using the length scales determined in MCST-AG, we explain the inconsistency of the Young’s moduli reported in recent literature, and we prove the insufficiency of the Young’s modulus for predicting the mechanical behavior of GaN NWs.

  13. In situ one-pot fabrication of g-C3N4 nanosheets/NiS cocatalyst heterojunction with intimate interfaces for efficient visible light photocatalytic H2 generation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Kelin; Xie, Jun; Li, Mingli; Li, Xin

    2018-02-01

    Constructing high-quality earth-abundant semionconductor/cocatalyst heterojunction remains a grand challenge in the promising fields of photocatalytic solar fuel H2 production. Herein, an intimate g-C3N4 nanosheet/NiS cocatalyst heterojunction is fabricated by in situ one-step calcination of urea, thiourea and nickel acetate. Interestingly, thiourea could act as both the precursor of g-C3N4 and the sulfur source of NiS. The H2-evolution activity of as-obtained photocatalysts was tested in a triethanolamine (TEOA) scavenger solution under visible light irradiation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) mapping analysis clearly demonstrated that the NiS catalyst nanoparticles could be in situ fabricated and homogeneously distributed on the surface of g-C3N4 nanosheets without an obvious aggregation. The maximum H2-production rate of 29.68 μmol h-1 could be achieved, which is nearly comparable to that of 0.5 wt% Pt loaded sample. It is believed that the intimate heterojunction interfaces between NiS nanoparticles and g-C3N4 nanosheets could be in situ constructed by high temperature calcination, which achieved the improved charge separation, the enhanced oxidation ability of TEOA and the accelerated the sluggish H2-evolution kinetics, thus resulting in the remarkably enhanced hydrogen evolution. Therefore, our study provides insights into constructing high-quality robust g-C3N4-based heterojunction material for photocatalytic applications by using a simple one-step in-situ calcination technique.

  14. Transient-state biodegradation behavior of a horizontal biotrickling filter in co-treating gaseous H2S and NH3.

    PubMed

    Jiang, Xia; Yan, Rong; Tay, Joo Hwa

    2009-01-01

    A horizontal biotrickling filter (HBTF) was used to inoculate autotrophic sulfide-oxidizing and ammonia-oxidizing microbial consortiums over H2S-exhausted carbon for co-treating H2S and NH3 waste gas in a long-term operation. In this study, several aspects (i.e., pH change, shock loading and starvation) of the dynamic behavior of the HBTF were investigated. The metabolic products of N and S bearing species in recycling liquid and biological activities of the biofilm were analyzed to explain the observed phenomena and further explore the fundamentals behind. In the pH range of 4-8.5, although the removal efficiencies of H2S and NH3 remained 96-98% and 100%, respectively, the metabolic products demonstrated different removal mechanisms and pathways. NH4-N and NO2/NO3-N were dominated at pH < or = 6 and > or = 7, respectively, indicating the differentiated contributions from physical/chemical adsorption and bio-oxidation. Moreover, the HBTF demonstrated a good dynamic stability to withstand shock loadings by recovering immediately to the original. During shock loading, only 15.4% and 17.9% of captured H2S and NH3 was biodegraded, respectively. After 2, 11, and 48 days of starvation, the HBTF system reached a full performance within reasonable re-startup times (2-80 h), possibly due to the consumption of reduced S and N species in biomass or activated carbon thus converted into SO4-S and NO3-N during starvation period. The results helped to understand the fundamental knowledge by revealing the effects of pH and transient loadings linked with individual removal mechanism for H2S and NH3 co-treatment in different conditions.

  15. Enantioselective quantitation of the ecstasy compound (R)- and (S)-N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine and its major metabolites in human plasma and urine.

    PubMed

    Buechler, Jochen; Schwab, Matthias; Mikus, Gerd; Fischer, Beate; Hermle, Leo; Marx, Claudia; Grön, Georg; Spitzer, Manfred; Kovar, Karl Artur

    2003-08-15

    An enantioselective HPLC method has been developed and validated for the stereospecific analysis of N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDE) and its major metabolites N-ethyl-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyamphetamine (HME) and 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA). These compounds have been analyzed both from human plasma and urine after administration of 70 mg pure MDE-hydrochloride enantiomers to four subjects. The samples were prepared by hydrolysis of the o-glucuronate and sulfate conjugates using beta-glucuronidase/arylsulfatase and solid-phase extraction with a cation-exchange phase. A chiral stationary protein phase (chiral-CBH) was used for the stereoselective determination of MDE, HME and MDA in a single HPLC run using sodium dihydrogenphosphate, ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt and isopropanol as the mobile phase (pH 6.44) and fluorimetric detection (lambda(ex) 286 nm, lambda(em) 322 nm). Moreover, a suitable internal standard (N-ethyl-3,4-methylenedioxybenzylamine) was synthesized and qualified for quantitation purposes. The method showed high recovery rates (>95%) and limits of quantitation for MDE and MDA of 5 ng/ml and for HME of 10 ng/ml. The RSDs for all working ranges of MDE, MDA and HME in plasma and urine, respectively, were less than 1.5%. After validation of the analytical methods in plasma and urine samples pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated. The plasma concentrations of (R)-MDE exceeded those of the S-enantiomer (ratio R:S of the area under the curve, 3.1) and the plasma half time of (R)-MDE was longer than that of (S)-MDE (7.9 vs. 4.0 h). In contrast, the stereochemical disposition of the MDE metabolites HME and MDA was reversed. Concentrations of the (S)-metabolites in plasma of volunteers were much higher than those of the (R)-enantiomers.

  16. System-size corrections for self-diffusion coefficients calculated from molecular dynamics simulations: The case of CO2, n-alkanes, and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moultos, Othonas A.; Zhang, Yong; Tsimpanogiannis, Ioannis N.; Economou, Ioannis G.; Maginn, Edward J.

    2016-08-01

    Molecular dynamics simulations were carried out to study the self-diffusion coefficients of CO2, methane, propane, n-hexane, n-hexadecane, and various poly(ethylene glycol) dimethyl ethers (glymes in short, CH3O-(CH2CH2O)n-CH3 with n = 1, 2, 3, and 4, labeled as G1, G2, G3, and G4, respectively) at different conditions. Various system sizes were examined. The widely used Yeh and Hummer [J. Phys. Chem. B 108, 15873 (2004)] correction for the prediction of diffusion coefficient at the thermodynamic limit was applied and shown to be accurate in all cases compared to extrapolated values at infinite system size. The magnitude of correction, in all cases examined, is significant, with the smallest systems examined giving for some cases a self-diffusion coefficient approximately 15% lower than the infinite system-size extrapolated value. The results suggest that finite size corrections to computed self-diffusivities must be used in order to obtain accurate results.

  17. CO2 conversion in non-thermal plasma and plasma/g-C3N4 catalyst hybrid processes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Na; Sun, Danfeng; Zhang, Chuke; Jiang, Nan; Shang, Kefeng; Bao, Xiaoding; Li, Jie; Wu, Yan

    2018-03-01

    Carbon dioxide conversion at atmosphere pressure and low temperature has been studied in a cylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) reactor. Pure CO2 feed flows to the discharge zone and typical filamentary discharges were obtained in each half-cycle of the applied voltage. The gas temperature increased with discharge time and discharge power, which was found to affect the CO2 decomposition deeply. As the DBD reactor was cooled to ambient temperature, both the conversion of CO2 and the CO yield were enhanced. Especially the energy efficiencies changed slightly with the increase of discharge power and were much higher in cooling condition comparing to those without cooling. At a discharge power of 40 W, the energy efficiency under cooling condition was approximately six times more than that without cooling. Gas flow rate was observed to affect CO2 conversion and 0.1 L min-1 was obtained as optimum gas flow rate under cooling condition. In addition, the CO2 conversion rate in plasma/g-C3N4 catalyst hybrid system was twice times as that in plasma-alone system. In case of cooling, the existence of g-C3N4 catalyst contributed to a 47% increase of CO2 conversion compared to the sole plasma process. The maximum energy-efficiency with g-C3N4 was 0.26 mmol kJ-1 at 20 W, which increased by 157% compared to that without g-C3N4. The synergistic effect of DBD plasma with g-C3N4 on pure CO2 conversion was verified.

  18. Intensity non-uniformity correction using N3 on 3-T scanners with multichannel phased array coils

    PubMed Central

    Boyes, Richard G.; Gunter, Jeff L.; Frost, Chris; Janke, Andrew L.; Yeatman, Thomas; Hill, Derek L.G.; Bernstein, Matt A.; Thompson, Paul M.; Weiner, Michael W.; Schuff, Norbert; Alexander, Gene E.; Killiany, Ronald J.; DeCarli, Charles; Jack, Clifford R.; Fox, Nick C.

    2008-01-01

    Measures of structural brain change based on longitudinal MR imaging are increasingly important but can be degraded by intensity non-uniformity. This non-uniformity can be more pronounced at higher field strengths, or when using multichannel receiver coils. We assessed the ability of the non-parametric non-uniform intensity normalization (N3) technique to correct non-uniformity in 72 volumetric brain MR scans from the preparatory phase of the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Normal elderly subjects (n = 18) were scanned on different 3-T scanners with a multichannel phased array receiver coil at baseline, using magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MP-RAGE) and spoiled gradient echo (SPGR) pulse sequences, and again 2 weeks later. When applying N3, we used five brain masks of varying accuracy and four spline smoothing distances (d = 50, 100, 150 and 200 mm) to ascertain which combination of parameters optimally reduces the non-uniformity. We used the normalized white matter intensity variance (standard deviation/mean) to ascertain quantitatively the correction for a single scan; we used the variance of the normalized difference image to assess quantitatively the consistency of the correction over time from registered scan pairs. Our results showed statistically significant (p < 0.01) improvement in uniformity for individual scans and reduction in the normalized difference image variance when using masks that identified distinct brain tissue classes, and when using smaller spline smoothing distances (e.g., 50-100 mm) for both MP-RAGE and SPGR pulse sequences. These optimized settings may assist future large-scale studies where 3-T scanners and phased array receiver coils are used, such as ADNI, so that intensity non-uniformity does not influence the power of MR imaging to detect disease progression and the factors that influence it. PMID:18063391

  19. Measurement of the 1s2s ^1S0 - 1s2p ^3P1 interval in helium-like silicon.

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Redshaw, M.; Harry, R.; Myers, E. G.; Weatherford, C. A.

    2001-05-01

    Accurate calculation of the energy levels of helium-like ions is a basic problem in relativistic atomic theory. For the n=3D2 levels at moderate Z, published calculations give all ``structure'' but not all explicit QED contributions to order (Zα)^4 a.u.(D.R. Plante, W.R. Johnson and J. Sapirstein, Phys. Rev. A 49), 3519 (1994).^, (K.T. Cheng, M.H. Chen, W.R. Johnson and J. Sapirstein, Phys. Rev. A 50), 247 (1994).. Measurements of the 1s2p ^3P - 1s2s ^3S transitions, which lie in the vacuum ultra-violet, are barely precise enough to challenge the theory. However, the intercombination 1s2s ^1S0 - 1s2p ^3P1 interval lies in the infra-red for Z<40 and enables precision measurements using laser spectroscopy(E.G. Myers, J.K. Thompson, E.P. Gavathas, N.R. Claussen, J.D. Silver and D.J.H. Howie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75), 3637 (1995).. We aim to measure this interval in Si^12+ using a foil-stripped 1 MeV/u ion beam from the Florida State Van de Graaff accelerator and a single-mode c.w. Nd:YAG laser at 1.319 μm. To obtain a sufficient transition probability, the Si^12+ beam is merged co-linearly with the laser light inside an ultra-high finesse build-up cavity. The results should provide a clear test of current and developing calculations of QED contributions in two-electron ions.

  20. Rhenium(V) Oxo Complexes of Novel N(2)S(2) Dithiourea (DTU) Chelate Ligands: Synthesis and Structural Characterization.

    PubMed

    Lipowska, Malgorzata; Hayes, Brittany L.; Hansen, Lory; Taylor, Andrew; Marzilli, Luigi G.

    1996-07-03

    The compounds RNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(n)()NHC(=S)NHR were prepared in a search for new, relatively small N(2)S(2) ligands. These dithiourea (DTU) ligands are the first chelates containing two potentially bidentate thiourea moieties. A one-step reaction of 1,3-diaminopropane (1) with aryl or alkyl isothiocyanates or of 1,2-diaminoethane (2) with phenyl isothiocyanate afforded the target ligands in excellent yields (95-98%). The Re(V)=O complexes of RNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(3)NHC(=S)NHR ligands were obtained through ligand exchange reactions with Re(V) precursors. The chemistry required neither protection of the sulfur atoms for ligand synthesis nor deprotection prior to metal complexation. The structure of (1-phenyl-3-(3-phenylthioureido)propyl]thioureato)oxorhenium(V) (7a), determined by X-ray diffraction methods, revealed the expected pseudo-square-pyramidal geometry with an N(2)S(2) basal and an apical oxo donor set. Both coordinated N's (N(c)) were deprotonated. One uncoordinated N (N(u)) was deprotonated, producing a neutral complex containing an unexpected new type of dianionic, four-membered N,S chelate. In the crystal, the N(u) atoms, N(3)H and N(4), of one complex each formed an H-bond with N(4) and N(3)H, respectively, of a symmetry-related complex. The N(c)-C-S bond angles (106.1(6) and 101.5(6) degrees ) were severely distorted from the 120 degrees expected for an sp(2)-hybridized C. However, these small bite angles and the large N-Re-N bond angle (86.1(3) degrees ) allowed for the formation of two four-membered chelate rings with normal Re-N and Re-S bond distances. Attempts to prepare complexes with the PhNHC(=S)NH(CH(2))(2)NHC(=S)NHPh ligand were unsuccessful. These results suggest that a central five-membered chelate ring is too small to accommodate bidentate coordination of both thiourea moieties. NMR studies in methanol established that the neutral complex with one uncoordinated N deprotonated was the favored form in neutral and basic solutions. However, under

  1. Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu 3 N

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam

    We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu 3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies V Cu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cu i behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cu i defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu 3N/ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. Finally, the absencemore » of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cu i recombination centers capturing electrons in p-type Cu 3N.« less

  2. Copper interstitial recombination centers in Cu 3 N

    DOE PAGES

    Yee, Ye Sheng; Inoue, Hisashi; Hultqvist, Adam; ...

    2018-06-04

    We present a comprehensive study of the earth-abundant semiconductor Cu 3N as a potential solar energy conversion material, using density functional theory and experimental methods. Density functional theory indicates that among the dominant intrinsic point defects, copper vacancies V Cu have shallow defect levels while copper interstitials Cu i behave as deep potential wells in the conduction band which mediate Shockley-Read-Hall recombination. The existence of Cu i defects has been experimentally verified using photothermal deflection spectroscopy. A Cu 3N/ZnS heterojunction diode with good current-voltage rectification behavior has been demonstrated experimentally, but no photocurrent is generated under illumination. Finally, the absencemore » of photocurrent can be explained by a large concentration of Cu i recombination centers capturing electrons in p-type Cu 3N.« less

  3. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the analysis of N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine, a biocidal disinfectant, in dairy products.

    PubMed

    Slimani, Kahina; Pirotais, Yvette; Maris, Pierre; Abjean, Jean-Pierre; Hurtaud-Pessel, Dominique

    2018-10-01

    A novel and reliable method to quantify residual levels of N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine in dairy products using ion-pairing reversed-phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was developed and fully validated. Sample extraction was done with salting-out technique using acetonitrile and sodium chloride. For LC-MS/MS, the analyte was detected using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) and two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were monitored. The method was validated in the 5-150 µg kg -1 range using total error approach. Thus, performance criteria of the method were evaluated. Relative standard deviations for trueness and precision were lower than 10%; with the exception of hard pressed cheese at 5 µg kg -1 for precision. The limit of quantification (LOQ) was around 5-7 µg kg -1 depending on the matrix of interest. The method was successfully applied to accurately quantify N-(3-aminopropyl)-N-dodecylpropane-1,3-diamine in 146 various dairy products with a maximum contamination level of 225 µg kg -1 in cheese. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Ab initio study of Ga-GaN system: Transition from adsorbed metal atoms to a metal–semiconductor junction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Witczak, Przemysław; Kempisty, Pawel; Strak, Pawel

    2015-11-15

    Ab initio studies of a GaN(0001)-Ga system with various thicknesses of a metallic Ga layer were undertaken. The studied systems extend from a GaN(0001) surface with a fractional coverage of gallium atoms to a Ga-GaN metal–semiconductor (m–s) contact. Electronic properties of the system are simulated using density functional theory calculations for different doping of the bulk semiconductor. It is shown that during transition from a bare GaN(0001) surface to a m–s heterostructure, the Fermi level stays pinned at a Ga-broken bond highly dispersive surface state to Ga–Ga states at the m–s interface. Adsorption of gallium leads to an energy gainmore » of about 4 eV for a clean GaN(0001) surface and the energy decreases to 3.2 eV for a thickly Ga-covered surface. The transition to the m–s interface is observed. For a thick Ga overlayer such interface corresponds to a Schottky contact with a barrier equal to 0.9 and 0.6 eV for n- and p-type, respectively. Bond polarization-related dipole layer occurring due to an electron transfer to the metal leads to a potential energy jump of 1.5 eV, independent on the semiconductor doping. Additionally high electron density in the Ga–Ga bond region leads to an energy barrier about 1.2 eV high and 4 Å wide. This feature may adversely affect the conductivity of the n-type m–s system.« less

  5. [Effects of poplar-amaranth intercropping system on the soil nitrogen loss under different nitrogen applying levels].

    PubMed

    Chu, Jun; Xue, Jian-Hui; Wu, Dian-Ming; Jin, Mei-Juan; Wu, Yong-Bo

    2014-09-01

    Characteristics of soil nitrogen loss were investigated based on field experiments in two types of poplar-amaranth intercropping systems (spacing: L1 2 m x 5 m, L2 2 m x 15 m) with four N application rates, i. e., 0 (N1), 91 (N2), 137 (N3) and 183 (N4) kg · hm(-2). The regulation effects on the soil surface runoff, leaching loss and soil erosion were different among the different types of intercropping systems: L1 > L2 > L3 (amaranth monocropping). Compared with the amaranth monocropping, the soil surface runoff rates of L1 and L2 decreased by 65.1% and 55.9%, the soil leaching rates of L1 and L2 with a distance of 0.5 m from the poplar tree row de- creased by 30.0% and 28.9%, the rates with a distance of 1. 5 m decreased by 25. 6% and 21.9%, and the soil erosion rates decreased by 65.0% and 55.1%, respectively. The control effects of two intercropping systems on TN, NO(3-)-N and NH(4+)-N in soil runoff and leaching loss were in the order of L1 > L2 > L3. Compared with the amaranth monocropping, TN, NO(3-)-N and NH(4+)-N loss rates in soil runoff of L1 decreased by 62.9%, 45.1% and 69.2%, while the loss rates of L2 decreased by 23.4%, 6.9% and 46.2% under N1 (91 kg · hm(-2)), respectively. High- er tree-planting density and closer positions to the polar tree row were more effective on controlling the loss rates of NO(3-)-N and NH(4+)-N caused by soil leaching. The loss proportion of NO(3-)-N in soil runoff decreased with the increasing nitrogen rate under the same tree-planting density, while that of NH(4+)-N increased. Leaching loss of NO(3-)-N had a similar trend with that of NH(4+)-N, i. e. , N3 > N2 > N1 > N0.

  6. Synthesis and Mesomorphic Behavior of Poly((2S, 3S)-(+)-2-Chloro-3- Methylpentyl 4’-(Omega-Vinyloxyalkyloxy)biphenyl-4-Carboxylate)s with Ethyl and Propyl Alkyl Groups

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1994-06-30

    1 . Synthesis of (2S, 3S)-(+)-2-chloro-3-methyl-pentyl 4’-(2-vinyloxyethyloxy) biphenyl-4-carboxylate (15-2...CH2)2-),7.65 (d, 3=8.3Hz, 2 ArH, m to -COO-), 8.11 (d, J=7.4Hz, 2 ArH, o to -COO-). 3-Chloroprop~yl- 1 -vinyl ether (13-3) The mixture of 3- chloropropan ...VA .% fo - " A’* *i f’. - % .oL.,ae- a * 1 nOl-6..io. Ocw. ’•.1ý’ ..a.. :l•t :...•.t ;,,31 -. 1 " 1 . 2 . 10 1 -- Of , • l 0’ i’*J.. e t *no suaqetg

  7. Calculation of the Ti(C y N1- y )-Ti4C2S2-MnS-austenite equilibrium in Ti-bearing steels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, W. J.; Jonas, J. J.

    1989-08-01

    A thermodynamic model is presented for the equilibria among various precipitates (Ti(C y N1- y ), Ti4C2S2, and MnS) and austenite containing six alloying elements (C, Mn, N, S, Si, and Ti). This model is applied to four microalloyed steels with Ti levels of 0.05, 0.11, 0.18, and 0.25 pct. The calculations show that the Ti in these steels cannot be completely dissolved over the austenite temperature range. However, the compositions of the undissolved Ti carbonitrides differ significantly from pure TiN, as 10 to 40 pct of the nitrogen is replaced by carbon. An expression for the Gibbs energy for the formation of Ti4C2S2 in austenite is estimated. The present predictions are compared with those of the Hudd, Jones, and Kale (HJK) model; considerable differences are observed at temperatures below 1250°C.

  8. Development of double-pulse lasers ablation system for generating gold ion source under applying an electric field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khalil, A. A. I.

    2015-12-01

    Double-pulse lasers ablation (DPLA) technique was developed to generate gold (Au) ion source and produce high current under applying an electric potential in an argon ambient gas environment. Two Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers operating at 1064 and 266 nm wavelengths are combined in an unconventional orthogonal (crossed-beam) double-pulse configuration with 45° angle to focus on a gold target along with a spectrometer for spectral analysis of gold plasma. The properties of gold plasma produced under double-pulse lasers excitation were studied. The velocity distribution function (VDF) of the emitted plasma was studied using a dedicated Faraday-cup ion probe (FCIP) under argon gas discharge. The experimental parameters were optimized to attain the best signal to noise (S/N) ratio. The results depicted that the VDF and current signals depend on the discharge applied voltage, laser intensity, laser wavelength and ambient argon gas pressure. A seven-fold increases in the current signal by increasing the discharge applied voltage and ion velocity under applying double-pulse lasers field. The plasma parameters (electron temperature and density) were also studied and their dependence on the delay (times between the excitation laser pulse and the opening of camera shutter) was investigated as well. This study could provide significant reference data for the optimization and design of DPLA systems engaged in laser induced plasma deposition thin films and facing components diagnostics.

  9. Simulation of 20-channel, 50-GHz, Si3N4-based arrayed waveguide grating applying three different photonics tools

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gajdošová, Lenka; Seyringer, Dana

    2017-02-01

    We present the design and simulation of 20-channel, 50-GHz Si3N4 based AWG using three different commercial photonics tools, namely PHASAR from Optiwave Systems Inc., APSS from Apollo Photonics Inc. and RSoft from Synopsys Inc. For this purpose we created identical waveguide structures and identical AWG layouts in these tools and performed BPM simulations. For the simulations the same calculation conditions were used. These AWGs were designed for TM-polarized light with an AWG central wavelength of 850 nm. The output of all simulations, the transmission characteristics, were used to calculate the transmission parameters defining the optical properties of the simulated AWGs. These parameters were summarized and compared with each other. The results feature very good correlation between the tools and are comparable to the designed parameters in AWG-Parameters tool.

  10. Evaluation of the Effects of S-Allyl-L-cysteine, S-Methyl-L-cysteine, trans-S-1-Propenyl-L-cysteine, and Their N-Acetylated and S-Oxidized Metabolites on Human CYP Activities.

    PubMed

    Amano, Hirotaka; Kazamori, Daichi; Itoh, Kenji

    2016-01-01

    Three major organosulfur compounds of aged garlic extract, S-allyl-L-cysteine (SAC), S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC), and trans-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine (S1PC), were examined for their effects on the activities of five major isoforms of human CYP enzymes: CYP1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4. The metabolite formation from probe substrates for the CYP isoforms was examined in human liver microsomes in the presence of organosulfur compounds at 0.01-1 mM by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Allicin, a major component of garlic, inhibited CYP1A2 and CYP3A4 activity by 21-45% at 0.03 mM. In contrast, a CYP2C9-catalyzed reaction was enhanced by up to 1.9 times in the presence of allicin at 0.003-0.3 mM. SAC, SMC, and S1PC had no effect on the activities of the five isoforms, except that S1PC inhibited CYP3A4-catalyzed midazolam 1'-hydroxylation by 31% at 1 mM. The N-acetylated metabolites of the three compounds inhibited the activities of several isoforms to a varying degree at 1 mM. N-Acetyl-S-allyl-L-cysteine and N-acetyl-S-methyl-L-cysteine inhibited the reactions catalyzed by CYP2D6 and CYP1A2, by 19 and 26%, respectively, whereas trans-N-acetyl-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine showed weak to moderate inhibition (19-49%) of CYP1A2, 2C19, 2D6, and 3A4 activities. On the other hand, both the N-acetylated and S-oxidized metabolites of SAC, SMC, and S1PC had little effect on the reactions catalyzed by the five isoforms. These results indicated that SAC, SMC, and S1PC have little potential to cause drug-drug interaction due to CYP inhibition or activation in vivo, as judged by their minimal effects (IC 50 >1 mM) on the activities of five major isoforms of human CYP in vitro.

  11. Ab initio studies of Th3N4, Th2N3 and Th2N2(NH)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obodo, K. O.; Chetty, N.

    2014-09-01

    Using density functional theory within the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof generalized gradient approximation [GGA (PBE)] implemented in the VASP codes, we investigate the structural, elastic and electronic properties of Th3N4, Th2N3 and Th2N2(NH). The calculated structural properties of these thorium-based nitrides are in good agreement with experimental data. We observe that all the Th-N based compounds that we considered are energetically favorable and elastically stable. We find that Th3N4 is semiconducting with a band gap of 1.59 eV, which compares well with the experimental band gap of 1.7 eV and we find Th2N3 to be metallic. Th2N2(NH), which is crystallographically equivalent to Th2N3, is insulating with a band gap of 2.12 eV. This is due to the -(NH) group that effects a shifting of the energy bands that results in the opening of a gap at the Fermi-level. The Th-N based compounds that we considered are predominantly ionic.

  12. Chromatographic determination of Fe chelated by ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid in commercial EDDHA/Fe3+ fertilizers.

    PubMed

    García-Marco, Sonia; Torreblanca, Ana; Lucena, Juan J

    2006-02-22

    EDDHA/Fe3+ chelates are the most common fertilizers used to solve Fe chlorosis in established crops. Commercial products contain two regioisomers, ethylenediamine-N,N'-bis(o-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,o-EDDHA)/Fe3+ and ethylenediamine-N-(o-hydroxyphenylacetic)-N'-(p-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid (o,p-EDDHA)/Fe3+. Although several chromatographic methods exist for the determination of Fe3+ chelated by the o,o-EDDHA isomer, no method has been described for the quantification of Fe3+ chelated by o,p-EDDHA. In this work, factors that affect the behavior of o,p-EDDHA/Fe3+ in ion pair chromatography are reviewed: pH, ion pair reagent, and organic modifier. The best chromatographic performance was obtained with an aqueous mobile phase at pH 6.0 containing 35% acetonitrile and 5 mM tetrabutylammonium hydroxide under isocratic elution conditions. This method was applied to the quantification of commercial samples.

  13. Isomerization and fragmentation of acetonitrile upon interaction with N(4S) atoms: the chemistry of nitrogen in dense molecular clouds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mencos, Alejandro; Krim, Lahouari

    2016-08-01

    We experimentally show that the reaction between ground state nitrogen atoms N(4S) and acetonitrile CH3CN can lead to two distinct chemical pathways that are both thermally activated at very low temperatures. First is CH3CN isomerization which produces CH3NC and H2CCNH. Second is CH3CN decomposition which produces HNC and CH3CNH+CN- fragments, with the possible release of H2. Our results reveal that the mobility of N(4S)-atoms is stimulated in the 3-11 K temperature range, and that its subsequent encounter with one acetonitrile molecule is sufficient for the aforementioned reactions to occur without the need for additional energy to be supplied to the CH3CN + N(4S) system. These findings shed more light on the nitrogen chemistry that can possibly take place in dense molecular clouds, which until now was thought to only involve high-energy processes and therefore be unlikely to occur in such cold and dark interstellar regions. The reaction pathways we propose in this study have very important astrochemical implications, as it was shown recently that the atomic nitrogen might be more abundant, in many interstellar icy grain mantles, than previously thought. Also, these reaction pathways can now be considered within dense molecular clouds, and possibly affect the branching ratios for N-bearing molecules computed in astrochemical modelling.

  14. Sphere-enhanced microwave ablation (sMWA) versus bland microwave ablation (bMWA): technical parameters, specific CT 3D rendering and histopathology.

    PubMed

    Gockner, T L; Zelzer, S; Mokry, T; Gnutzmann, D; Bellemann, N; Mogler, C; Beierfuß, A; Köllensperger, E; Germann, G; Radeleff, B A; Stampfl, U; Kauczor, H U; Pereira, P L; Sommer, C M

    2015-04-01

    This study was designed to compare technical parameters during ablation as well as CT 3D rendering and histopathology of the ablation zone between sphere-enhanced microwave ablation (sMWA) and bland microwave ablation (bMWA). In six sheep-livers, 18 microwave ablations were performed with identical system presets (power output: 80 W, ablation time: 120 s). In three sheep, transarterial embolisation (TAE) was performed immediately before microwave ablation using spheres (diameter: 40 ± 10 μm) (sMWA). In the other three sheep, microwave ablation was performed without spheres embolisation (bMWA). Contrast-enhanced CT, sacrifice, and liver harvest followed immediately after microwave ablation. Study goals included technical parameters during ablation (resulting power output, ablation time), geometry of the ablation zone applying specific CT 3D rendering with a software prototype (short axis of the ablation zone, volume of the largest aligned ablation sphere within the ablation zone), and histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin, Masson Goldner and TUNEL). Resulting power output/ablation times were 78.7 ± 1.0 W/120 ± 0.0 s for bMWA and 78.4 ± 1.0 W/120 ± 0.0 s for sMWA (n.s., respectively). Short axis/volume were 23.7 ± 3.7 mm/7.0 ± 2.4 cm(3) for bMWA and 29.1 ± 3.4 mm/11.5 ± 3.9 cm(3) for sMWA (P < 0.01, respectively). Histopathology confirmed the signs of coagulation necrosis as well as early and irreversible cell death for bMWA and sMWA. For sMWA, spheres were detected within, at the rim, and outside of the ablation zone without conspicuous features. Specific CT 3D rendering identifies a larger ablation zone for sMWA compared with bMWA. The histopathological signs and the detectable amount of cell death are comparable for both groups. When comparing sMWA with bMWA, TAE has no effect on the technical parameters during ablation.

  15. Pretest analysis of Semiscale Mod-3 baseline test S-07-8 and S-07-9

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fineman, C.P.; Steiner, J.L.; Snider, D.M.

    This document contains a pretest analysis of the Semiscale Mod-3 system thermal-hydraulic response for the second and third integral tests in Test Series 7 (Tests S-07-8 and S-07-9). Test Series 7 is the first test series to be conducted with the Semiscale Mod-3 system. The design of the Mod-3 system includes an improved representation of certain portions of a pressurized water reactor (PWR) when compared to the previously operated Semiscale Mod-1 system. The improvements include a new vessel which contains a full length (3.66 m) core, a full length upper plenum and upper head, and an external downcomer. An activemore » pump and active steam generator scaled to their pressurized water reactor (PWR) counterparts have been added to the broken loop. The upper head design includes the capability to simulate emergency core coolant (ECC) injection into this region. Test Series 7 is divided into three groups of tests that emphasize the evaluation of the Mod-3 system performance during different phases of the loss-of-coolant experiment (LOCE) transient. The last test group, which includes Tests S-07-8 and S-07-9, will be used to evaluate the integral behavior of the system. The previous two test groups were used to evaluate the blowdown behavior and the reflood behavior of the system. 3 refs., 35 figs., 12 tabs.« less

  16. Analogues of Cis- and Transplatin with a Rich Solution Chemistry: cis-[PtCl2 (NH3 )(1-MeC-N3)] and trans-[PtI2 (NH3 )(1-MeC-N3)].

    PubMed

    Siebel, Sabine; Dammann, Claudia; Sanz Miguel, Pablo J; Drewello, Thomas; Kampf, Gunnar; Teubner, Natascha; Bednarski, Patrick J; Freisinger, Eva; Lippert, Bernhard

    2015-12-01

    Mono(nucleobase) complexes of the general composition cis-[PtCl2 (NH3 )L] with L=1-methylcytosine, 1-MeC (1 a) and L=1-ethyl-5-methylcytosine, as well as trans-[PtX2 (NH3 )(1-MeC)] with X=I (5 a) and X=Br (5 b) have been isolated and were characterized by X-ray crystallography. The Pt coordination occurs through the N3 atom of the cytosine in all cases. The diaqua complexes of compounds 1 a and 5 a, cis-[Pt(H2 O)2 (NH3 )(1-MeC)](2+) and trans-[Pt(H2 O)2 (NH3 )(1-MeC)](2+) , display a rich chemistry in aqueous solution, which is dominated by extensive condensation reactions leading to μ-OH- and μ-(1-MeC(-) -N3,N4)-bridged species and ready oxidation of Pt to mixed-valence state complexes as well as diplatinum(III) compounds, one of which was characterized by X-ray crystallography: h,t-[{Pt(NH3 )2 (OH)(1-MeC(-) -N3,N4)}2 ](NO3 )2 ⋅2 [NH4 ](NO3 )⋅2 H2 O. A combination of (1) H NMR spectroscopy and ESI mass spectrometry was applied to identify some of the various species present in solution and the gas phase, respectively. As it turned out, mass spectrometry did not permit an unambiguous assignment of the structures of +1 cations due to the possibilities of realizing multiple bridging patterns in isomeric species, the occurrence of different tautomers, and uncertainties regarding the Pt oxidation states. Additionally, compound 1 a was found to have selective and moderate antiproliferative activity for a human cervix cancer line (SISO) compared to six other human cancer cell lines. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  17. ß-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein ß-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 Increases MCAM Stability, Which Enhances S100A8/A9-Mediated Cancer Motility.

    PubMed

    Sumardika, I Wayan; Youyi, Chen; Kondo, Eisaku; Inoue, Yusuke; Ruma, I Made Winarsa; Murata, Hitoshi; Kinoshita, Rie; Yamamoto, Ken-Ichi; Tomida, Shuta; Shien, Kazuhiko; Satoh, Hiroki; Yamauchi, Akira; Futami, Junichiro; Putranto, Endy Widya; Hibino, Toshihiko; Toyooka, Shinichi; Nishibori, Masahiro; Sakaguchi, Masakiyo

    2017-09-18

    We previously identified novel S100A8/A9 receptors, Extracellular Matrix Metalloproteinase Inducer (EMMPRIN), MelanomaCell Adhesion Molecule (MCAM), Activated Leukocyte Cell Adhesion Molecule (ALCAM) and Neuroplastin (NPTN) ß, that are critically involved in S100A8/A9-mediated cancer metastasis and inflammation when expressed at high levels. However, little is known about the presence of any cancerspecific mechanism(s) that modifies these receptors, further inducing upregulation at protein levels without any transcriptional regulation. Expression levels of glycosyltransferase-encoding genes were examined by a PCR-based profiling array followed by confirmation with quantitative real time PCR. Cell migration and invasion were assessed by a using Boyden chamber. Western blotting was used to examine the protein level, and the RNA level was examined by Northern blotting. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine the expression pattern of GCNT3 and MCAM in melanoma tissue. We found that ß-1,3-galactosyl-O-glycosyl-glycoprotein ß-1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 3 (GCNT3) is overexpressed in highly metastatic melanomas. Silencing and functional inhibition of GCNT3 greatly suppressed migration and invasion of melanoma cells, resulting in the loss of S100A8/A9 responsiveness. Among the novel S100A8/A9 receptors, GCNT3 favorably glycosylates the MCAM receptor, extending its half-life and leading to further elevation of S100A8/A9-mediated cellular motility in melanoma cells. GCNT3 expression is positively correlated to MCAM expression in patients with high-grade melanomas. Collectively, our results showed that GCNT3 is an upstream regulator of MCAM protein and indicate the possibility of a potential molecular target in melanoma therapeutics through abrogation of the S100A8/A9-MCAM axis.

  18. Cd-free buffer layer materials on Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4: Band alignments with ZnO, ZnS, and In2S3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Barkhouse, D. Aaron R.; Haight, Richard; Sakai, Noriyuki; Hiroi, Homare; Sugimoto, Hiroki; Mitzi, David B.

    2012-05-01

    The heterojunctions formed between Cu2ZnSn(SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) and three Cd-free n-type buffers, ZnS, ZnO, and In2S3, were studied using femtosecond ultraviolet photoemission and photovoltage spectroscopy. The electronic properties including the Fermi level location at the interface, band bending in the CZTSSe substrate, and valence and conduction band offsets were determined and correlated with device properties. We also describe a method for determining the band bending in the buffer layer and demonstrate this for the In2S3/CZTSSe system. The chemical bath deposited In2S3 buffer is found to have near optimal conduction band offset (0.15 eV), enabling the demonstration of Cd-free In2S3/CZTSSe solar cells with 7.6% power conversion efficiency.

  19. Heavy charged scalars from c\\overline{s} fusion: a generic search strategy applied to a 3HDM with U(1) × U(1) family symmetry

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Camargo-Molina, José Eliel; Mandal, Tanumoy; Pasechnik, Roman; Wessén, Jonas

    2018-03-01

    We describe a class of three Higgs doublet models (3HDMs) with a softly broken U(1) × U(1) family symmetry that enforces a Cabibbo-like quark mixing while forbidding tree-level flavour changing neutral currents. The hierarchy in the observed quark masses is partly explained by a softer hierarchy in the vacuum expectation values of the three Higgs doublets. As a consequence, the physical scalar spectrum contains a Standard Model (SM) like Higgs boson h 125 while exotic scalars couple the strongest to the second quark family, leading to rather unconventional discovery channels that could be probed at the Large Hadron Collider. In particular, we describe a search strategy for the lightest charged Higgs boson H ±, through the process c\\overline{s}\\to {H}+\\to {W}+{h}_{125} , using a multivariate analysis that leads to an excellent discriminatory power against the SM background. Although the analysis is applied to the proposed class of 3HDMs, we employ a model-independent formulation such that it can be applied to any other model with the same discovery channel.

  20. Electron impact excitation of the n = 2 to n = 3 transition in atomic hydrogen near threshold

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hata, J.; Morgan, L. A.; McDowell, M. R. C.

    1980-06-01

    Close-coupling calculations of electron impact excitation of the n = 2 to n = 3 transition of atomic hydrogen at energies below the n = 4 threshold are presented. The algebraic variational close-coupling code of Morgan (1980) with an eighteen-state basis was used to obtain cross sections at eight impact energies from 2.04 to 2.45 eV, and calculations in a six-state close-coupling model were compared with the six-state calculations of Burke et al. (1967). The six-state values are found to be in satisfactory agreement with the exception of the singlet contribution to the 2s-3s transition. Near the n = 3 threshold the cross section obtained in the full calculation is found to be almost a factor of 2 lower than that predicted by Johnson (1972), thus explaining in part the discrepancy between Johnson's results and experiments on hydrogen plasmas. Estimates of rate coefficients based on the cross sections and assuming a Maxwellian velocity distribution, however, are shown to remain in disagreement with experiment.

  1. Crystal structure of N-(1-allyl-3-chloro-4-eth-oxy-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-meth-oxybenzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Bouissane, Latifa; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-09-01

    In the title compound, C19H20ClN3O4S, the benzene ring is inclined to the indazole ring system (r.m.s. deviation = 0.014 Å) by 65.07 (8)°. The allyl and eth-oxy groups are almost normal to the indazole ring, as indicated by the respective torsion angles [N-N-C-C = 111.6 (2) and C-C-O-C = -88.1 (2)°]. In the crystal, mol-ecules are connected by N-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming helical chains propagating along [010]. The chains are linked by C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

  2. Crystal structures of isomeric 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide, 3,5-di-chloro-N-(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide and 3,5-di-chloro-N-(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide.

    PubMed

    Shakuntala, K; Naveen, S; Lokanath, N K; Suchetan, P A

    2017-05-01

    The crystal structures of three isomeric compounds of formula C 14 H 13 Cl 2 NO 2 S, namely 3,5-di-chloro- N -(2,3-di-methyl-phen-yl)-benzene-sulfonamide (I), 3,5-di-chloro- N -(2,6-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (II) and 3,5-di-chloro- N -(3,5-di-methyl-phen-yl)benzene-sulfonamide (III) are described. The mol-ecules of all the three compounds are U-shaped with the two aromatic rings inclined at 41.3 (6)° in (I), 42.1 (2)° in (II) and 54.4 (3)° in (III). The mol-ecular conformation of (II) is stabilized by intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions. The crystal structure of (I) features N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R 2 2 (8) loops inter-connected via C (7) chains of C-H⋯O inter-actions, forming a three-dimensional architecture. The structure also features π-π inter-actions [ Cg ⋯ Cg = 3.6970 (14) Å]. In (II), N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded R 2 2 (8) loops are inter-connected via π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.606 (3) Å] to form a one-dimensional architecture running parallel to the a axis. In (III), adjacent C (4) chains of N-H⋯O hydrogen-bonded mol-ecules running parallel to [010] are connected via C-H⋯π inter-actions, forming sheets parallel to the ab plane. Neighbouring sheets are linked via offset π-π inter-actions [inter-centroid distance = 3.8303 (16) Å] to form a three-dimensional architecture.

  3. The Design Process of Physical Security as Applied to a U.S. Border Point of Entry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wagner, G.G.

    1998-10-26

    This paper describes the design process of physical security as applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry (PoE). Included in this paper are descriptions of the elements that compose U.S. border security. The physical security design will describe the various elements that make up the process as well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry and exit of illegal contraband will be emphasized.

  4. Laser gain on 3p-3d and 3s-3p transitions and X-ray line ratios for the nitrogen isoelectronic sequence

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Feldman, U.; Seely, J. F.; Bhatia, A. K.

    1989-01-01

    Results are presented on calculations of the 72 levels belonging to the 2s(2)2p(3), 2s2p(4), 2p(5), 2s(2)2p(2)3s, 2s(2)2p(2)3p, and 2s(2)2p(2)3d configurations of the N I isoelectronic sequence for the ions Ar XII, Ti XVI, Fe XX, Zn XXIV, and Kr XXX, for electron densities up to 10 to the 24th/cu cm. It was found that large population inversions and gain occur between levels in the 2s(2)2p(2)3p configuration and levels in the 2s(2)2p(2)3d configuration that cannot decay to the ground configuration by an electric dipole transition. For increasing electron densities, the intensities of the X-ray transitions from the 2s(2)2p(2)3p configuration to the ground configuration decrease relative to the transitions from the 2s(2)2p(2)3s and 2s(2)2p(2)3d configurations to the ground configuration. The density dependence of these X-ray line ratios is presented.

  5. Predicted detonation properties at the Chapman-Jouguet state for proposed energetic materials (MTO and MTO3N) from combined ReaxFF and quantum mechanics reactive dynamics.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Tingting; Zybin, Sergey V; Goddard, William A; Cheng, Tao; Naserifar, Saber; Jaramillo-Botero, Andres; Huang, Fenglei

    2018-02-07

    The development of new energetic materials (EMs) with improved detonation performance but low sensitivity and environmental impact is of considerable importance for applications in civilian and military fields. Often new designs are difficult to synthesize so predictions of performance in advance is most valuable. Examples include MTO (2,4,6-triamino-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-trioxide) and MTO3N (2,4,6-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-trioxide) suggested by Klapötke as candidate EMs but not yet successfully synthesized. We propose and apply to these materials a new approach, RxMD(cQM), in which ReaxFF Reactive Molecular Dynamics (RxMD) is first used to predict the reaction products and thermochemical properties at the Chapman Jouguet (CJ) state for which the system is fully reacted and at chemical equilibrium. Quantum mechanics dynamics (QMD) is then applied to refine the pressure of the ReaxFF predicted CJ state to predict a more accurate final CJ point, leading to a very practical calculation that includes accurate long range vdW interactions needed for accurate pressure. For MTO, this RxMD(cQM) method predicts a detonation pressure of P CJ = 40.5 GPa and a detonation velocity of D CJ = 8.8 km s -1 , while for MTO3N it predicts P CJ = 39.9 GPa and D CJ = 8.4 km s -1 , making them comparable to HMX (P CJ = 39.5 GPa, D CJ = 9.1 km s -1 ) and worth synthesizing. This first-principles-based RxMD(cQM) methodology provides an excellent compromise between computational cost and accuracy including the formation of clusters that burn too slowly, providing a practical mean of assessing detonation performances for novel candidate EMs. This RxMD(cQM) method that links first principles atomistic molecular dynamics simulations with macroscopic properties to promote in silico design of new EMs should also be of general applicability to materials synthesis and processing.

  6. Minimal S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry breaking patterns

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bai, Yang; Dobrescu, Bogdan A.

    Here, we study the vacua of anmore » $$SU(3)\\times SU(3)$$-symmetric model with a bifundamental scalar. Structures of this type appear in various gauge theories such as the Renormalizable Coloron Model, which is an extension of QCD, or the Trinification extension of the electroweak group. In other contexts, such as chiral symmetry, $$SU(3)\\times SU(3)$$ is a global symmetry. As opposed to more general $$SU(N)\\times SU(N)$$ symmetric models, the $N=3$ case is special due to the presence of a trilinear scalar term in the potential. We find that the most general tree-level potential has only three types of minima: one that preserves the diagonal $SU(3)$ subgroup, one that is $$SU(2)\\times SU(2)\\times U(1)$$ symmetric, and a trivial one where the full symmetry remains unbroken. The phase diagram is complicated, with some regions where there is a unique minimum, and other regions where two minima coexist.« less

  7. Minimal S U ( 3 ) × S U ( 3 ) symmetry breaking patterns

    DOE PAGES

    Bai, Yang; Dobrescu, Bogdan A.

    2018-03-16

    Here, we study the vacua of anmore » $$SU(3)\\times SU(3)$$-symmetric model with a bifundamental scalar. Structures of this type appear in various gauge theories such as the Renormalizable Coloron Model, which is an extension of QCD, or the Trinification extension of the electroweak group. In other contexts, such as chiral symmetry, $$SU(3)\\times SU(3)$$ is a global symmetry. As opposed to more general $$SU(N)\\times SU(N)$$ symmetric models, the $N=3$ case is special due to the presence of a trilinear scalar term in the potential. We find that the most general tree-level potential has only three types of minima: one that preserves the diagonal $SU(3)$ subgroup, one that is $$SU(2)\\times SU(2)\\times U(1)$$ symmetric, and a trivial one where the full symmetry remains unbroken. The phase diagram is complicated, with some regions where there is a unique minimum, and other regions where two minima coexist.« less

  8. Synthesis and characterization of 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(phenyl)benzamide and 3-acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4- methylphenyl)benzamide

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kırca, Başak Koşar; Çakmak, Şükriye; Kütük, Halil; Odabaşoğlu, Mustafa; Büyükgüngör, Orhan

    2018-01-01

    This study treats about two successfully synthesized secondary amide compounds 3-Acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(phenyl)benzamide, I and 3-Acetoxy-2-methyl-N-(4-methylphenyl)benzamide, II. Compounds were characterized by FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis techniques. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses show that while I crystallized in the orthorhombic system with space group Pbca, II crystallized in the triclinic system with space group P-1 and the asymmetric unit of II consists of two crystallographically independent molecules. Lattice constants are a = 7.9713 (3) Å, b = 9.5059 (3) Å, c = 37.1762 (2) Å, Z = 8 for I and a = 7.5579 (8) Å, b = 8.8601 (8) Å, c = 23.363 (3) Å, α = 97.011 (9) °, β = 96.932 (9)°, γ = 90.051 (8)°, Z = 4 for II. Crystallographic studies also show that the supramolecular structures were stabilized by intramolecular, intermolecular hydrogen bonds and Csbnd H … π interactions for both compounds. Characteristic amide bonds were observed in IR and NMR spectra.

  9. Site-specific recoil-induced effects on inner-shell photoionization of linear triatomic molecules: N 1 s photoelectron spectra of N2 O

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krivosenko, Yu. S.; Pavlychev, A. A.

    2016-11-01

    We investigate hard X-ray ionization of linear triatomic molecules accenting recoil-induced effects on the dynamics of molecular frame. This dynamics is studied within the two-springs and harmonic approximations. The mode-channel relationship connecting the excitations of vibrational, rotational and translational degrees of freedom with the Σ → Σ and Σ → Π photoionization channels is applied to compute the N 1s-1 photoelectron spectra of molecular N2 O for various photon energies. The distinct ionized-site- and molecular-orientation-specific changes in the vibration structure of the 1 s photoelectron lines of terminal and central nitrogen atoms are revealed and discussed.

  10. A comparative DFT study of interactions of Au and small gold clusters Aun (n = 2-4) with CH3S and CH2 radicals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Blaško, Martin; Rajský, Tomáš; Urban, Miroslav

    2017-03-01

    We compare DFT binding energies (BEs) of Au and small gold clusters interacting with CH3S and CH2 ligands (Aun-L complexes, n = 1-4). The spin state and the binding mechanism in Aun-L varies with the participation of singly occupied non-bonding orbitals or doubly occupied lone-pair orbitals of a ligand and on the number of atoms (even or odd) of Aun. The highest BE, 354 kJ/mol, exhibits the Au3-CH2 complex with the covalent bond in which participate two singly occupied orbitals of the triplet state of CH2. With CH3S the highest BE (277 kJ/mol) is calculated for Au3-SCH3 with the single Au-S bond.

  11. 3-D Extensions for Trustworthy Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-01-01

    LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT Same as Report (SAR) 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 10 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON a. REPORT unclassified b . ABSTRACT unclassified...we order the classes (TS ≥ S ≥ C ≥ U) and allow a flow from class A to class B only if B ≥ A [3]. TS C S U Fig. 7. Top view of a hypothetical multi...enclosure of the package. A more thorough discussion of the axioms of self-protection and dependency layering is applied to 3-D IC design in [8]. B

  12. 15 Gb/s OFDM-based VLC using direct modulation of 450 GaN laser diode

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Viola, Shaun; Islim, Mohamed Sufyan; Watson, Scott; Videv, Stefan; Haas, Harald; Kelly, Anthony E.

    2017-10-01

    A record data rate for visible light communications (VLC) using a transistor outline (TO) packaged Gallium Nitride (GaN) laser diode is reported. Using a system 3 dB bandwidth of 1.4 GHz data transmission at 15 Gb/s is reported. This is achieved due to the use of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in combination with a high system signal to noise ratio (SNR) and adaptive bit loading extending the effective bandwidth to 2.5 GHz. To the best of authors knowledge this is the highest reported data rate for single channel VLC.

  13. SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride], a new nonpeptide antagonist of the bradykinin B1 receptor: biochemical and pharmacological characterization.

    PubMed

    Gougat, Jean; Ferrari, Bernard; Sarran, Lionel; Planchenault, Claudine; Poncelet, Martine; Maruani, Jeanne; Alonso, Richard; Cudennec, Annie; Croci, Tiziano; Guagnini, Fabio; Urban-Szabo, Katalin; Martinolle, Jean-Pierre; Soubrié, Philippe; Finance, Olivier; Le Fur, Gérard

    2004-05-01

    The biochemical and pharmacological properties of a novel non-peptide antagonist of the bradykinin (BK) B(1) receptor, SSR240612 [(2R)-2-[((3R)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-[[(6-methoxy-2-naphthyl)sulfonyl]amino]propanoyl)amino]-3-(4-[[2R,6S)-2,6-dimethylpiperidinyl]methyl]phenyl)-N-isopropyl-N-methylpropanamide hydrochloride] were evaluated. SSR240612 inhibited the binding of [(3)H]Lys(0)-des-Arg(9)-BK to the B(1) receptor in human fibroblast MRC5 and to recombinant human B(1) receptor expressed in human embryonic kidney cells with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 0.48 and 0.73 nM, respectively. The compound selectivity for B(1) versus B(2) receptors was in the range of 500- to 1000-fold. SSR240612 inhibited Lys(0)-desAr(9)-BK (10 nM)-induced inositol monophosphate formation in human fibroblast MRC5, with an IC(50) of 1.9 nM. It also antagonized des-Arg(9)-BK-induced contractions of isolated rabbit aorta and mesenteric plexus of rat ileum with a pA(2) of 8.9 and 9.4, respectively. Antagonistic properties of SSR240612 were also demonstrated in vivo. SSR240612 inhibited des-Arg(9)-BK-induced paw edema in mice (3 and 10 mg/kg p.o. and 0.3 and 1 mg/kg i.p.). Moreover, SSR240612 reduced capsaicin-induced ear edema in mice (0.3, 3 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) and tissue destruction and neutrophil accumulation in the rat intestine following splanchnic artery occlusion/reperfusion (0.3 mg/kg i.v.). The compound also inhibited thermal hyperalgesia induced by UV irradiation (1 and 3 mg/kg p.o.) and the late phase of nociceptive response to formalin in rats (10 and 30 mg/kg p.o.). Finally, SSR240612 (20 and 30 mg/kg p.o.) prevented neuropathic thermal pain induced by sciatic nerve constriction in the rat. In conclusion, SSR240612 is a new, potent, and orally active specific non-peptide bradykinin B(1) receptor antagonist.

  14. N- and S-doped mesoporous carbon as metal-free cathode catalysts for direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cells

    DOE PAGES

    Qiu, Yang; Huo, Jiajie; Jia, Fan; ...

    2015-11-06

    Nitrogen and sulfur were simultaneously doped into the framework of mesoporous CMK-3 as metal-free catalysts for direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cells. Glucose, NH 3, and thiophene were used as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur precursors, respectively, to prepare mesoporous N-S-CMK-3 with uniform mesopores and extra macropores, resulting in good O 2 diffusion both in half cell and alcohol fuel cell investigations. Among all investigated CMK-3 based catalysts, N-S-CMK-3 prepared at 800 °C exhibited the highest ORR activity with the onset potential of 0.92 V vs. RHE, Tafel slope of 68 mV dec -1, and 3.96 electron transfer number per oxygen moleculemore » in 0.1 M KOH. In addition, the alkaline membrane-based direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) with N-S-CMK-3 cathode displayed 88.2 mW cm -2 peak power density without obvious O 2 diffusion issue, reaching 84% initial performance of that with a Pt/C cathode. The high catalyst durability and fuel-crossover tolerance led to stable performance of the N-S-CMK-3 cathode DAFC with 90.6 mW cm -2 peak power density after 2 h operation, while the Pt/C cathode-based DAFC lost 36.9% of its peak power density. In conclusion, the high ORR activity of N-S-CMK-3 can be attributed to the synergistic effect between graphitic-N and S (C–S–C structure), suggesting great potential to use N-S-CMK-3 as an alternative to noble metal catalysts in the fuel cell cathode.« less

  15. N- and S-doped mesoporous carbon as metal-free cathode catalysts for direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Qiu, Yang; Huo, Jiajie; Jia, Fan

    Nitrogen and sulfur were simultaneously doped into the framework of mesoporous CMK-3 as metal-free catalysts for direct biorenewable alcohol fuel cells. Glucose, NH 3, and thiophene were used as carbon, nitrogen and sulfur precursors, respectively, to prepare mesoporous N-S-CMK-3 with uniform mesopores and extra macropores, resulting in good O 2 diffusion both in half cell and alcohol fuel cell investigations. Among all investigated CMK-3 based catalysts, N-S-CMK-3 prepared at 800 °C exhibited the highest ORR activity with the onset potential of 0.92 V vs. RHE, Tafel slope of 68 mV dec -1, and 3.96 electron transfer number per oxygen moleculemore » in 0.1 M KOH. In addition, the alkaline membrane-based direct alcohol fuel cell (DAFC) with N-S-CMK-3 cathode displayed 88.2 mW cm -2 peak power density without obvious O 2 diffusion issue, reaching 84% initial performance of that with a Pt/C cathode. The high catalyst durability and fuel-crossover tolerance led to stable performance of the N-S-CMK-3 cathode DAFC with 90.6 mW cm -2 peak power density after 2 h operation, while the Pt/C cathode-based DAFC lost 36.9% of its peak power density. In conclusion, the high ORR activity of N-S-CMK-3 can be attributed to the synergistic effect between graphitic-N and S (C–S–C structure), suggesting great potential to use N-S-CMK-3 as an alternative to noble metal catalysts in the fuel cell cathode.« less

  16. Shuttle inhibition by chemical adsorption of lithium polysulfides in B and N co-doped graphene for Li-S batteries.

    PubMed

    Li, Fen; Su, Yan; Zhao, Jijun

    2016-09-14

    The advance of lithium sulfur batteries is now greatly restricted by the fast capacity fading induced by shuttle effect. Using first-principles calculations, various vacancies, N doping, and B,N co-doping in graphene sheets have been systematically explored for lithium polysufides entrapped in Li-S batteries. The LiS, LiC, LiN and SB bonds and Hirshfeld charges in the Li 2 S 6 adsorbed defective graphene systems have been analyzed to understand the intrinsic mechanism of retaining lithium polysulfides in these systems. Total and local densities of states analyses elucidate the strongest adsorption sites among the N and B-N co-doped graphene systems. The overall electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries varies with the types of defects in graphene. Among the defective graphene systems, only the reconstructed pyrrole-like vacancy is effective for retaining lithium polysulfides. N doping induces a strong LiN interaction in the defective graphene systems, in which the pyrrolic N rather than the pyridinic N plays a dominant role in trapping of lithium polysulfides. The shuttle effect can be further depressed via pyrrolic B,N co-doped defective graphene materials, especially the G-B-N-hex system with extremely strong adsorption of lithium polysulfides (4-5 eV), and simultaneous contribution from the strong LiN and SB interactions.

  17. Na 3Cr 2P 3S 12 and K 3Cr 2P 3S 12: Two New One-Dimensional Thiophosphate Compounds with a Novel Structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Coste, S.; Kopnin, E.; Evain, M.; Jobic, S.; Payen, C.; Brec, R.

    2001-12-01

    Two new alkali metal chromium thiophosphates, Na3Cr2P3S12 and K3Cr2P3S12, have been synthesized and their structure determined from single-crystal or powder X-ray diffraction analyses. These isostructural compounds, which exhibit a novel structural arrangement, crystallize in the monoclinic system (space group P21/c) with the cell parameters a=17.4076(10) Å, b=11.1723(10) Å, c=19.2502(11) Å, β=149.731(3)° (V=1887.1(2) Å3, Z=4) and a=17.9690(14) Å, b=12.0607(5) Å, c=19.3109(16) Å, β=150.008(3)° (V=2091.98(16) Å3, Z=4) for Na3Cr2P3S12 (I) and K3Cr2P3S12 (II), respectively. For (I), the single-crystal refinement led to R/Rw(F2)=0.0417/0.0650 (for 4125 independent reflections and 182 refined parameters). For (II), the Rietveld refinement led to Rp/Rwp=0.0181/0.0233 (for 90 refined parameters). In both materials, the structures consist of 1∞[Cr2P3S12]3- chains built upon two edge-sharing [CrS6] octahedra capped by two [PS4] tetrahedra defining isolated [Cr2P2S12]-8 entities. These entities are linked to each other through an extra [PS4] tetrahedral group. Magnetic measurements evidence antiferromagnetic coupling between Cr3+ cations. The charge balance of the phase is MI3CrIII2PV3S-II12.

  18. 42 CFR 52a.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52a.3 Section 52a.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CENTER GRANTS § 52a.3 Who is eligible to apply? (a) Any public or private nonprofit agency...

  19. 42 CFR 52b.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52b.3 Section 52b.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.3 Who is eligible to apply? In order to be eligible for a...

  20. 42 CFR 52a.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52a.3 Section 52a.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CENTER GRANTS § 52a.3 Who is eligible to apply? (a) Any public or private nonprofit agency...

  1. 42 CFR 52b.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52b.3 Section 52b.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.3 Who is eligible to apply? In order to be eligible for a...

  2. 42 CFR 52a.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52a.3 Section 52a.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CENTER GRANTS § 52a.3 Who is eligible to apply? (a) Any public or private nonprofit agency...

  3. 42 CFR 52b.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52b.3 Section 52b.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.3 Who is eligible to apply? In order to be eligible for a...

  4. 42 CFR 52e.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52e.3 Section 52e.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE GRANTS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROJECTS § 52e.3 Who is eligible to apply? To be...

  5. 42 CFR 52e.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52e.3 Section 52e.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE GRANTS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROJECTS § 52e.3 Who is eligible to apply? To be...

  6. 42 CFR 52e.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52e.3 Section 52e.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE GRANTS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROJECTS § 52e.3 Who is eligible to apply? To be...

  7. 42 CFR 52e.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52e.3 Section 52e.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE GRANTS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROJECTS § 52e.3 Who is eligible to apply? To be...

  8. 42 CFR 52e.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52e.3 Section 52e.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL HEART, LUNG, AND BLOOD INSTITUTE GRANTS FOR PREVENTION AND CONTROL PROJECTS § 52e.3 Who is eligible to apply? To be...

  9. 42 CFR 52a.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52a.3 Section 52a.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CENTER GRANTS § 52a.3 Who is eligible to apply? (a) Any public or private nonprofit agency...

  10. 42 CFR 52a.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52a.3 Section 52a.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CENTER GRANTS § 52a.3 Who is eligible to apply? (a) Any public or private nonprofit agency...

  11. 42 CFR 52b.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52b.3 Section 52b.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.3 Who is eligible to apply? In order to be eligible for a...

  12. 42 CFR 52b.3 - Who is eligible to apply?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who is eligible to apply? 52b.3 Section 52b.3 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GRANTS NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH CONSTRUCTION GRANTS § 52b.3 Who is eligible to apply? In order to be eligible for a...

  13. Reactive ion etching of GaN using BCl 3, BCl 3/Ar and BCl 3/ N 2 gas plasmas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Basak, D.; Nakanishi, T.; Sakai, S.

    2000-04-01

    Reactive ion etching (RIE) of GaN has been performed using BCl 3 and additives, Ar and N 2, to BCl 3 plasma. The etch rate, surface roughness and the etch profile have been investigated. The etch rate of GaN is found to be 104 nm/min at rf power of 200 W, pressure of 2 Pa, with 9.5 sccm flow rate of BCl 3. The addition of 5 sccm of Ar to 9.5 sccm of BCl 3 reduces the etch rate of GaN while the addition of N 2 does not influence the etch rate significantly. The RIE of GaN layer with BCl 3/Ar and BCl 3/N 2 results in a smoother surface compared to surfaces etched with BCl 3 only. The etched side-wall in BCl 3 plasma makes an angle of 60° with the normal surface, and the angle of inclination is more in cases of BCl 3/Ar and BCl 3/N 2 plasmas. The RIE induced damage to the surface is measured qualitatively by PL measurements. It is observed that the damage to the etched surfaces is similar for all the plasmas.

  14. Crystal structure of N-(1-allyl-3-chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-methyl­benzene­sulfonamide

    PubMed Central

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Chigr, Mohamed; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2014-01-01

    The 3-chloro-1H-indazole system in the title mol­ecule, C17H16ClN3O2S, is almost planar, with the largest deviation from the mean plane being 0.029 (2) Å for one of the N atoms. This system is nearly perpendicular to the allyl chain, as indicated by the C—C—N—N torsion angle of −90.1 (6)° between them. The allyl group is split into two fragments, the major component has a site occupancy of 0.579 (7). The indazole system makes a dihedral angle of 47.53 (10)° with the plane through the benzene ring. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network. PMID:25309215

  15. A real-time moment-tensor inversion system (GRiD-MT-3D) using 3-D Green's functions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nagao, A.; Furumura, T.; Tsuruoka, H.

    2016-12-01

    We developed a real-time moment-tensor inversion system using 3-D Green's functions (GRiD-MT-3D) by improving the current system (GRiD-MT; Tsuruoka et al., 2009), which uses 1-D Green's functions for longer periods than 20 s. Our moment-tensor inversion is applied to the real-time monitoring of earthquakes occurring beneath Kanto basin area. The basin, which is constituted of thick sediment layers, lies on the complex subduction of the Philippine-Sea Plate and the Pacific Plate that can significantly affect the seismic wave propagation. We compute 3-D Green's functions using finite-difference-method (FDM) simulations considering a 3-D velocity model, which is based on the Japan Integrated Velocity Structure Model (Koketsu et al., 2012), that includes crust, mantle, and subducting plates. The 3-D FDM simulations are computed over a volume of 468 km by 432 km by 120 km in the EW, NS, and depth directions, respectively, that is discretized into 0.25 km grids. Considering that the minimum S wave velocity of the sedimentary layer is 0.5 km/s, simulations can compute seismograms up to 0.5 Hz. We calculate Green's functions between 24,700 sources, which are distributed every 0.1° in the horizontal direction and every 9 km in depth direction, and 13 F-net stations. To compute this large number of Green's functions, we used the EIC parallel computer of ERI. The reciprocity theory, which switches the source and station positions, is used to reduce total computation costs. It took 156 hours to compute all the Green's functions. Results show that at long-periods (T>15 s), only small differences are observed between the 3-D and 1-D Green's functions as indicated by high correlation coefficients of 0.9 between the waveforms. However, at shorter periods (T<10 s), the differences become larger and the correlation coefficients drop to 0.5. The effect of the 3-D heterogeneous structure especially affects the Green's functions for the ray paths that across complex geological

  16. Method study on fuzzy-PID adaptive control of electric-hydraulic hitch system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Mingsheng; Wang, Liubu; Liu, Jian; Ye, Jin

    2017-03-01

    In this paper, fuzzy-PID adaptive control method is applied to the control of tractor electric-hydraulic hitch system. According to the characteristics of the system, a fuzzy-PID adaptive controller is designed and the electric-hydraulic hitch system model is established. Traction control and position control performance simulation are carried out with the common PID control method. A field test rig was set up to test the electric-hydraulic hitch system. The test results showed that, after the fuzzy-PID adaptive control is adopted, when the tillage depth steps from 0.1m to 0.3m, the system transition process time is 4s, without overshoot, and when the tractive force steps from 3000N to 7000N, the system transition process time is 5s, the system overshoot is 25%.

  17. ϒ(nS) polarizations versus particle multiplicity in pp collisions at √{ s} = 7 TeV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Khachatryan, V.; Sirunyan, A. M.; Tumasyan, A.; Adam, W.; Asilar, E.; Bergauer, T.; Brandstetter, J.; Brondolin, E.; Dragicevic, M.; Erö, J.; Fabjan, C.; Flechl, M.; Friedl, M.; Frühwirth, R.; Ghete, V. M.; Hartl, C.; Hörmann, N.; Hrubec, J.; Jeitler, M.; Knünz, V.; König, A.; Krammer, M.; Krätschmer, I.; Liko, D.; Matsushita, T.; Mikulec, I.; Rabady, D.; Rad, N.; Rahbaran, B.; Rohringer, H.; Schieck, J.; Schöfbeck, R.; Strauss, J.; Treberer-Treberspurg, W.; Waltenberger, W.; Wulz, C.-E.; Mossolov, V.; Shumeiko, N.; Suarez Gonzalez, J.; Alderweireldt, S.; Cornelis, T.; de Wolf, E. A.; Janssen, X.; Knutsson, A.; Lauwers, J.; Luyckx, S.; van de Klundert, M.; van Haevermaet, H.; van Mechelen, P.; van Remortel, N.; van Spilbeeck, A.; Abu Zeid, S.; Blekman, F.; D'Hondt, J.; Daci, N.; de Bruyn, I.; Deroover, K.; Heracleous, N.; Keaveney, J.; Lowette, S.; Moreels, L.; Olbrechts, A.; Python, Q.; Strom, D.; Tavernier, S.; van Doninck, W.; van Mulders, P.; van Onsem, G. P.; van Parijs, I.; Barria, P.; Brun, H.; Caillol, C.; Clerbaux, B.; de Lentdecker, G.; Fang, W.; Fasanella, G.; Favart, L.; Goldouzian, R.; Grebenyuk, A.; Karapostoli, G.; Lenzi, T.; Léonard, A.; Maerschalk, T.; Marinov, A.; Perniè, L.; Randle-Conde, A.; Seva, T.; Vander Velde, C.; Vanlaer, P.; Yonamine, R.; Zenoni, F.; Zhang, F.; Beernaert, K.; Benucci, L.; Cimmino, A.; Crucy, S.; Dobur, D.; Fagot, A.; Garcia, G.; Gul, M.; McCartin, J.; Ocampo Rios, A. A.; Poyraz, D.; Ryckbosch, D.; Salva, S.; Sigamani, M.; Tytgat, M.; van Driessche, W.; Yazgan, E.; Zaganidis, N.; Basegmez, S.; Beluffi, C.; Bondu, O.; Brochet, S.; Bruno, G.; Caudron, A.; Ceard, L.; Delaere, C.; Favart, D.; Forthomme, L.; Giammanco, A.; Jafari, A.; Jez, P.; Komm, M.; Lemaitre, V.; Mertens, A.; Musich, M.; Nuttens, C.; Perrini, L.; Piotrzkowski, K.; Popov, A.; Quertenmont, L.; Selvaggi, M.; Vidal Marono, M.; Beliy, N.; Hammad, G. H.; Aldá Júnior, W. L.; Alves, F. L.; Alves, G. A.; Brito, L.; Correa Martins Junior, M.; Hamer, M.; Hensel, C.; Moraes, A.; Pol, M. E.; Rebello Teles, P.; Belchior Batista Das Chagas, E.; Carvalho, W.; Chinellato, J.; Custódio, A.; da Costa, E. M.; de Jesus Damiao, D.; de Oliveira Martins, C.; Fonseca de Souza, S.; Huertas Guativa, L. M.; Malbouisson, H.; Matos Figueiredo, D.; Mora Herrera, C.; Mundim, L.; Nogima, H.; Prado da Silva, W. L.; Santoro, A.; Sznajder, A.; Tonelli Manganote, E. J.; Vilela Pereira, A.; Ahuja, S.; Bernardes, C. A.; de Souza Santos, A.; Dogra, S.; Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R.; Gregores, E. M.; Mercadante, P. G.; Moon, C. S.; Novaes, S. F.; Padula, Sandra S.; Romero Abad, D.; Ruiz Vargas, J. C.; Aleksandrov, A.; Hadjiiska, R.; Iaydjiev, P.; Rodozov, M.; Stoykova, S.; Sultanov, G.; Vutova, M.; Dimitrov, A.; Glushkov, I.; Litov, L.; Pavlov, B.; Petkov, P.; Ahmad, M.; Bian, J. G.; Chen, G. M.; Chen, H. S.; Chen, M.; Cheng, T.; Du, R.; Jiang, C. H.; Leggat, D.; Plestina, R.; Romeo, F.; Shaheen, S. M.; Spiezia, A.; Tao, J.; Wang, C.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Asawatangtrakuldee, C.; Ban, Y.; Li, Q.; Liu, S.; Mao, Y.; Qian, S. J.; Wang, D.; Xu, Z.; Avila, C.; Cabrera, A.; Chaparro Sierra, L. F.; Florez, C.; Gomez, J. P.; Gomez Moreno, B.; Sanabria, J. C.; Godinovic, N.; Lelas, D.; Puljak, I.; Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M.; Antunovic, Z.; Kovac, M.; Brigljevic, V.; Kadija, K.; Luetic, J.; Micanovic, S.; Sudic, L.; Attikis, A.; Mavromanolakis, G.; Mousa, J.; Nicolaou, C.; Ptochos, F.; Razis, P. A.; Rykaczewski, H.; Bodlak, M.; Finger, M.; Finger, M.; Abdelalim, A. A.; Awad, A.; Mahrous, A.; Radi, A.; Calpas, B.; Kadastik, M.; Murumaa, M.; Raidal, M.; Tiko, A.; Veelken, C.; Eerola, P.; Pekkanen, J.; Voutilainen, M.; Härkönen, J.; Karimäki, V.; Kinnunen, R.; Lampén, T.; Lassila-Perini, K.; Lehti, S.; Lindén, T.; Luukka, P.; Peltola, T.; Tuominiemi, J.; Tuovinen, E.; Wendland, L.; Talvitie, J.; Tuuva, T.; Besancon, M.; Couderc, F.; Dejardin, M.; Denegri, D.; Fabbro, B.; Faure, J. L.; Favaro, C.; Ferri, F.; Ganjour, S.; Givernaud, A.; Gras, P.; Hamel de Monchenault, G.; Jarry, P.; Locci, E.; Machet, M.; Malcles, J.; Rander, J.; Rosowsky, A.; Titov, M.; Zghiche, A.; Abdulsalam, A.; Antropov, I.; Baffioni, S.; Beaudette, F.; Busson, P.; Cadamuro, L.; Chapon, E.; Charlot, C.; Davignon, O.; Filipovic, N.; Granier de Cassagnac, R.; Jo, M.; Lisniak, S.; Mastrolorenzo, L.; Miné, P.; Naranjo, I. N.; Nguyen, M.; Ochando, C.; Ortona, G.; Paganini, P.; Pigard, P.; Regnard, S.; Salerno, R.; Sauvan, J. B.; Sirois, Y.; Strebler, T.; Yilmaz, Y.; Zabi, A.; Agram, J.-L.; Andrea, J.; Aubin, A.; Bloch, D.; Brom, J.-M.; Buttignol, M.; Chabert, E. C.; Chanon, N.; Collard, C.; Conte, E.; Coubez, X.; Fontaine, J.-C.; Gelé, D.; Goerlach, U.; Goetzmann, C.; Le Bihan, A.-C.; Merlin, J. A.; Skovpen, K.; van Hove, P.; Gadrat, S.; Beauceron, S.; Bernet, C.; Boudoul, G.; Bouvier, E.; Carrillo Montoya, C. A.; Chierici, R.; Contardo, D.; Courbon, B.; Depasse, P.; El Mamouni, H.; Fan, J.; Fay, J.; Gascon, S.; Gouzevitch, M.; Ille, B.; Lagarde, F.; Laktineh, I. B.; Lethuillier, M.; Mirabito, L.; Pequegnot, A. L.; Perries, S.; Ruiz Alvarez, J. D.; Sabes, D.; Sgandurra, L.; Sordini, V.; Vander Donckt, M.; Verdier, P.; Viret, S.; Toriashvili, T.; Tsamalaidze, Z.; Autermann, C.; Beranek, S.; Feld, L.; Heister, A.; Kiesel, M. K.; Klein, K.; Lipinski, M.; Ostapchuk, A.; Preuten, M.; Raupach, F.; Schael, S.; Schulte, J. F.; Verlage, T.; Weber, H.; Zhukov, V.; Ata, M.; Brodski, M.; Dietz-Laursonn, E.; Duchardt, D.; Endres, M.; Erdmann, M.; Erdweg, S.; Esch, T.; Fischer, R.; Güth, A.; Hebbeker, T.; Heidemann, C.; Hoepfner, K.; Knutzen, S.; Kreuzer, P.; Merschmeyer, M.; Meyer, A.; Millet, P.; Mukherjee, S.; Olschewski, M.; Padeken, K.; Papacz, P.; Pook, T.; Radziej, M.; Reithler, H.; Rieger, M.; Scheuch, F.; Sonnenschein, L.; Teyssier, D.; Thüer, S.; Cherepanov, V.; Erdogan, Y.; Flügge, G.; Geenen, H.; Geisler, M.; Hoehle, F.; Kargoll, B.; Kress, T.; Künsken, A.; Lingemann, J.; Nehrkorn, A.; Nowack, A.; Nugent, I. M.; Pistone, C.; Pooth, O.; Stahl, A.; Aldaya Martin, M.; Asin, I.; Bartosik, N.; Behnke, O.; Behrens, U.; Borras, K.; Burgmeier, A.; Campbell, A.; Contreras-Campana, C.; Costanza, F.; Diez Pardos, C.; Dolinska, G.; Dooling, S.; Dorland, T.; Eckerlin, G.; Eckstein, D.; Eichhorn, T.; Flucke, G.; Gallo, E.; Garay Garcia, J.; Geiser, A.; Gizhko, A.; Gunnellini, P.; Hauk, J.; Hempel, M.; Jung, H.; Kalogeropoulos, A.; Karacheban, O.; Kasemann, M.; Katsas, P.; Kieseler, J.; Kleinwort, C.; Korol, I.; Lange, W.; Leonard, J.; Lipka, K.; Lobanov, A.; Lohmann, W.; Mankel, R.; Melzer-Pellmann, I.-A.; Meyer, A. B.; Mittag, G.; Mnich, J.; Mussgiller, A.; Naumann-Emme, S.; Nayak, A.; Ntomari, E.; Perrey, H.; Pitzl, D.; Placakyte, R.; Raspereza, A.; Roland, B.; Sahin, M. Ö.; Saxena, P.; Schoerner-Sadenius, T.; Seitz, C.; Spannagel, S.; Stefaniuk, N.; Trippkewitz, K. D.; Walsh, R.; Wissing, C.; Blobel, V.; Centis Vignali, M.; Draeger, A. R.; Erfle, J.; Garutti, E.; Goebel, K.; Gonzalez, D.; Görner, M.; Haller, J.; Hoffmann, M.; Höing, R. S.; Junkes, A.; Klanner, R.; Kogler, R.; Kovalchuk, N.; Lapsien, T.; Lenz, T.; Marchesini, I.; Marconi, D.; Meyer, M.; Nowatschin, D.; Ott, J.; Pantaleo, F.; Peiffer, T.; Perieanu, A.; Pietsch, N.; Poehlsen, J.; Rathjens, D.; Sander, C.; Scharf, C.; Schleper, P.; Schlieckau, E.; Schmidt, A.; Schumann, S.; Schwandt, J.; Sola, V.; Stadie, H.; Steinbrück, G.; Stober, F. M.; Tholen, H.; Troendle, D.; Usai, E.; Vanelderen, L.; Vanhoefer, A.; Vormwald, B.; Barth, C.; Baus, C.; Berger, J.; Böser, C.; Butz, E.; Chwalek, T.; Colombo, F.; de Boer, W.; Descroix, A.; Dierlamm, A.; Fink, S.; Frensch, F.; Friese, R.; Giffels, M.; Gilbert, A.; Haitz, D.; Hartmann, F.; Heindl, S. M.; Husemann, U.; Katkov, I.; Kornmayer, A.; Lobelle Pardo, P.; Maier, B.; Mildner, H.; Mozer, M. U.; Müller, T.; Müller, Th.; Plagge, M.; Quast, G.; Rabbertz, K.; Röcker, S.; Roscher, F.; Schröder, M.; Sieber, G.; Simonis, H. J.; Ulrich, R.; Wagner-Kuhr, J.; Wayand, S.; Weber, M.; Weiler, T.; Williamson, S.; Wöhrmann, C.; Wolf, R.; Anagnostou, G.; Daskalakis, G.; Geralis, T.; Giakoumopoulou, V. A.; Kyriakis, A.; Loukas, D.; Psallidas, A.; Topsis-Giotis, I.; Agapitos, A.; Kesisoglou, S.; Panagiotou, A.; Saoulidou, N.; Tziaferi, E.; Evangelou, I.; Flouris, G.; Foudas, C.; Kokkas, P.; Loukas, N.; Manthos, N.; Papadopoulos, I.; Paradas, E.; Strologas, J.; Bencze, G.; Hajdu, C.; Hazi, A.; Hidas, P.; Horvath, D.; Sikler, F.; Veszpremi, V.; Vesztergombi, G.; Zsigmond, A. J.; Beni, N.; Czellar, S.; Karancsi, J.; Molnar, J.; Szillasi, Z.; Bartók, M.; Makovec, A.; Raics, P.; Trocsanyi, Z. L.; Ujvari, B.; Choudhury, S.; Mal, P.; Mandal, K.; Sahoo, D. K.; Sahoo, N.; Swain, S. K.; Bansal, S.; Beri, S. B.; Bhatnagar, V.; Chawla, R.; Gupta, R.; Bhawandeep, U.; Kalsi, A. K.; Kaur, A.; Kaur, M.; Kumar, R.; Mehta, A.; Mittal, M.; Singh, J. B.; Walia, G.; Kumar, Ashok; Bhardwaj, A.; Choudhary, B. C.; Garg, R. B.; Malhotra, S.; Naimuddin, M.; Nishu, N.; Ranjan, K.; Sharma, R.; Sharma, V.; Bhattacharya, S.; Chatterjee, K.; Dey, S.; Dutta, S.; Majumdar, N.; Modak, A.; Mondal, K.; Mukhopadhyay, S.; Roy, A.; Roy, D.; Roy Chowdhury, S.; Sarkar, S.; Sharan, M.; Chudasama, R.; Dutta, D.; Jha, V.; Kumar, V.; Mohanty, A. K.; Pant, L. M.; Shukla, P.; Topkar, A.; Aziz, T.; Banerjee, S.; Bhowmik, S.; Chatterjee, R. M.; Dewanjee, R. K.; Dugad, S.; Ganguly, S.; Ghosh, S.; Guchait, M.; Gurtu, A.; Jain, Sa.; Kole, G.; Kumar, S.; Mahakud, B.; Maity, M.; Majumder, G.; Mazumdar, K.; Mitra, S.; Mohanty, G. B.; Parida, B.; Sarkar, T.; Sur, N.; Sutar, B.; Wickramage, N.; Chauhan, S.; Dube, S.; Kapoor, A.; Kothekar, K.; Sharma, S.; Bakhshiansohi, H.; Behnamian, H.; Etesami, S. 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M.; Lanza, G.; Lista, L.; Meola, S.; Merola, M.; Paolucci, P.; Sciacca, C.; Thyssen, F.; Azzi, P.; Bacchetta, N.; Benato, L.; Bisello, D.; Boletti, A.; Carlin, R.; Checchia, P.; Dall'Osso, M.; Dorigo, T.; Dosselli, U.; Fanzago, F.; Gasparini, F.; Gasparini, U.; Gonella, F.; Gozzelino, A.; Lacaprara, S.; Margoni, M.; Meneguzzo, A. T.; Michelotto, M.; Pazzini, J.; Pozzobon, N.; Ronchese, P.; Simonetto, F.; Torassa, E.; Tosi, M.; Zanetti, M.; Zotto, P.; Zucchetta, A.; Zumerle, G.; Braghieri, A.; Magnani, A.; Montagna, P.; Ratti, S. P.; Re, V.; Riccardi, C.; Salvini, P.; Vai, I.; Vitulo, P.; Alunni Solestizi, L.; Bilei, G. M.; Ciangottini, D.; Fanò, L.; Lariccia, P.; Mantovani, G.; Menichelli, M.; Saha, A.; Santocchia, A.; Androsov, K.; Azzurri, P.; Bagliesi, G.; Bernardini, J.; Boccali, T.; Castaldi, R.; Ciocci, M. A.; Dell'Orso, R.; Donato, S.; Fedi, G.; Foà, L.; Giassi, A.; Grippo, M. 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M.; Maruyama, S.; Mason, D.; McBride, P.; Merkel, P.; Mrenna, S.; Nahn, S.; Newman-Holmes, C.; O'Dell, V.; Pedro, K.; Prokofyev, O.; Rakness, G.; Sexton-Kennedy, E.; Soha, A.; Spalding, W. J.; Spiegel, L.; Stoynev, S.; Strobbe, N.; Taylor, L.; Tkaczyk, S.; Tran, N. V.; Uplegger, L.; Vaandering, E. W.; Vernieri, C.; Verzocchi, M.; Vidal, R.; Wang, M.; Weber, H. A.; Whitbeck, A.; Acosta, D.; Avery, P.; Bortignon, P.; Bourilkov, D.; Brinkerhoff, A.; Carnes, A.; Carver, M.; Curry, D.; Das, S.; Field, R. D.; Furic, I. K.; Konigsberg, J.; Korytov, A.; Kotov, K.; Ma, P.; Matchev, K.; Mei, H.; Milenovic, P.; Mitselmakher, G.; Rank, D.; Rossin, R.; Shchutska, L.; Snowball, M.; Sperka, D.; Terentyev, N.; Thomas, L.; Wang, J.; Wang, S.; Yelton, J.; Hewamanage, S.; Linn, S.; Markowitz, P.; Martinez, G.; Rodriguez, J. L.; Ackert, A.; Adams, J. R.; Adams, T.; Askew, A.; Bein, S.; Bochenek, J.; Diamond, B.; Haas, J.; Hagopian, S.; Hagopian, V.; Johnson, K. F.; Khatiwada, A.; Prosper, H.; Weinberg, M.; Baarmand, M. M.; Bhopatkar, V.; Colafranceschi, S.; Hohlmann, M.; Kalakhety, H.; Noonan, D.; Roy, T.; Yumiceva, F.; Adams, M. R.; Apanasevich, L.; Berry, D.; Betts, R. R.; Bucinskaite, I.; Cavanaugh, R.; Evdokimov, O.; Gauthier, L.; Gerber, C. E.; Hofman, D. J.; Kurt, P.; O'Brien, C.; Sandoval Gonzalez, I. D.; Turner, P.; Varelas, N.; Wu, Z.; Zakaria, M.; Zhang, J.; Bilki, B.; Clarida, W.; Dilsiz, K.; Durgut, S.; Gandrajula, R. P.; Haytmyradov, M.; Khristenko, V.; Merlo, J.-P.; Mermerkaya, H.; Mestvirishvili, A.; Moeller, A.; Nachtman, J.; Ogul, H.; Onel, Y.; Ozok, F.; Penzo, A.; Snyder, C.; Tiras, E.; Wetzel, J.; Yi, K.; Anderson, I.; Barnett, B. A.; Blumenfeld, B.; Cocoros, A.; Eminizer, N.; Fehling, D.; Feng, L.; Gritsan, A. V.; Maksimovic, P.; Osherson, M.; Roskes, J.; Sarica, U.; Swartz, M.; Xiao, M.; Xin, Y.; You, C.; Baringer, P.; Bean, A.; Bruner, C.; Kenny, R. P., III; Majumder, D.; Malek, M.; McBrayer, W.; Murray, M.; Sanders, S.; Stringer, R.; Wang, Q.; Ivanov, A.; Kaadze, K.; Khalil, S.; Makouski, M.; Maravin, Y.; Mohammadi, A.; Saini, L. K.; Skhirtladze, N.; Toda, S.; Lange, D.; Rebassoo, F.; Wright, D.; Anelli, C.; Baden, A.; Baron, O.; Belloni, A.; Calvert, B.; Eno, S. C.; Ferraioli, C.; Gomez, J. A.; Hadley, N. J.; Jabeen, S.; Kellogg, R. G.; Kolberg, T.; Kunkle, J.; Lu, Y.; Mignerey, A. C.; Shin, Y. H.; Skuja, A.; Tonjes, M. B.; Tonwar, S. C.; Apyan, A.; Barbieri, R.; Baty, A.; Bi, R.; Bierwagen, K.; Brandt, S.; Busza, W.; Cali, I. A.; Demiragli, Z.; Di Matteo, L.; Gomez Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; Gulhan, D.; Iiyama, Y.; Innocenti, G. M.; Klute, M.; Kovalskyi, D.; Lai, Y. S.; Lee, Y.-J.; Levin, A.; Luckey, P. D.; Marini, A. C.; McGinn, C.; Mironov, C.; Narayanan, S.; Niu, X.; Paus, C.; Roland, C.; Roland, G.; Salfeld-Nebgen, J.; Stephans, G. S. F.; Sumorok, K.; Tatar, K.; Varma, M.; Velicanu, D.; Veverka, J.; Wang, J.; Wang, T. W.; Wyslouch, B.; Yang, M.; Zhukova, V.; Benvenuti, A. C.; Dahmes, B.; Evans, A.; Finkel, A.; Gude, A.; Hansen, P.; Kalafut, S.; Kao, S. C.; Klapoetke, K.; Kubota, Y.; Lesko, Z.; Mans, J.; Nourbakhsh, S.; Ruckstuhl, N.; Rusack, R.; Tambe, N.; Turkewitz, J.; Acosta, J. G.; Oliveros, S.; Avdeeva, E.; Bartek, R.; Bloom, K.; Bose, S.; Claes, D. R.; Dominguez, A.; Fangmeier, C.; Gonzalez Suarez, R.; Kamalieddin, R.; Knowlton, D.; Kravchenko, I.; Meier, F.; Monroy, J.; Ratnikov, F.; Siado, J. E.; Snow, G. R.; Alyari, M.; Dolen, J.; George, J.; Godshalk, A.; Harrington, C.; Iashvili, I.; Kaisen, J.; Kharchilava, A.; Kumar, A.; Rappoccio, S.; Roozbahani, B.; Alverson, G.; Barberis, E.; Baumgartel, D.; Chasco, M.; Hortiangtham, A.; Massironi, A.; Morse, D. M.; Nash, D.; Orimoto, T.; Teixeira de Lima, R.; Trocino, D.; Wang, R.-J.; Wood, D.; Zhang, J.; Bhattacharya, S.; Hahn, K. A.; Kubik, A.; Low, J. F.; Mucia, N.; Odell, N.; Pollack, B.; Schmitt, M.; Sung, K.; Trovato, M.; Velasco, M.; Dev, N.; Hildreth, M.; Jessop, C.; Karmgard, D. J.; Kellams, N.; Lannon, K.; Marinelli, N.; Meng, F.; Mueller, C.; Musienko, Y.; Planer, M.; Reinsvold, A.; Ruchti, R.; Smith, G.; Taroni, S.; Valls, N.; Wayne, M.; Wolf, M.; Woodard, A.; Antonelli, L.; Brinson, J.; Bylsma, B.; Durkin, L. S.; Flowers, S.; Hart, A.; Hill, C.; Hughes, R.; Ji, W.; Ling, T. Y.; Liu, B.; Luo, W.; Puigh, D.; Rodenburg, M.; Winer, B. L.; Wulsin, H. W.; Driga, O.; Elmer, P.; Hardenbrook, J.; Hebda, P.; Koay, S. A.; Lujan, P.; Marlow, D.; Medvedeva, T.; Mooney, M.; Olsen, J.; Palmer, C.; Piroué, P.; Stickland, D.; Tully, C.; Zuranski, A.; Malik, S.; Barker, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Benedetti, D.; Bortoletto, D.; Gutay, L.; Jha, M. K.; Jones, M.; Jung, A. W.; Jung, K.; Kumar, A.; Miller, D. H.; Neumeister, N.; Radburn-Smith, B. C.; Shi, X.; Shipsey, I.; Silvers, D.; Sun, J.; Svyatkovskiy, A.; Wang, F.; Xie, W.; Xu, L.; Parashar, N.; Stupak, J.; Adair, A.; Akgun, B.; Chen, Z.; Ecklund, K. M.; Geurts, F. J. M.; Guilbaud, M.; Li, W.; Michlin, B.; Northup, M.; Padley, B. P.; Redjimi, R.; Roberts, J.; Rorie, J.; Tu, Z.; Zabel, J.; Betchart, B.; Bodek, A.; de Barbaro, P.; Demina, R.; Eshaq, Y.; Ferbel, T.; Galanti, M.; Garcia-Bellido, A.; Han, J.; Hindrichs, O.; Khukhunaishvili, A.; Lo, K. H.; Tan, P.; Verzetti, M.; Chou, J. P.; Contreras-Campana, E.; Ferencek, D.; Gershtein, Y.; Halkiadakis, E.; Heindl, M.; Hidas, D.; Hughes, E.; Kaplan, S.; Kunnawalkam Elayavalli, R.; Lath, A.; Nash, K.; Saka, H.; Salur, S.; Schnetzer, S.; Sheffield, D.; Somalwar, S.; Stone, R.; Thomas, S.; Thomassen, P.; Walker, M.; Foerster, M.; Riley, G.; Rose, K.; Spanier, S.; Thapa, K.; Bouhali, O.; Castaneda Hernandez, A.; Celik, A.; Dalchenko, M.; de Mattia, M.; Delgado, A.; Dildick, S.; Eusebi, R.; Gilmore, J.; Huang, T.; Kamon, T.; Krutelyov, V.; Mueller, R.; Osipenkov, I.; Pakhotin, Y.; Patel, R.; Perloff, A.; Rose, A.; Safonov, A.; Tatarinov, A.; Ulmer, K. A.; Akchurin, N.; Cowden, C.; Damgov, J.; Dragoiu, C.; Dudero, P. R.; Faulkner, J.; Kunori, S.; Lamichhane, K.; Lee, S. W.; Libeiro, T.; Undleeb, S.; Volobouev, I.; Appelt, E.; Delannoy, A. G.; Greene, S.; Gurrola, A.; Janjam, R.; Johns, W.; Maguire, C.; Mao, Y.; Melo, A.; Ni, H.; Sheldon, P.; Tuo, S.; Velkovska, J.; Xu, Q.; Arenton, M. W.; Cox, B.; Francis, B.; Goodell, J.; Hirosky, R.; Ledovskoy, A.; Li, H.; Lin, C.; Neu, C.; Sinthuprasith, T.; Sun, X.; Wang, Y.; Wolfe, E.; Wood, J.; Xia, F.; Clarke, C.; Harr, R.; Karchin, P. E.; Kottachchi Kankanamge Don, C.; Lamichhane, P.; Sturdy, J.; Belknap, D. A.; Carlsmith, D.; Cepeda, M.; Dasu, S.; Dodd, L.; Duric, S.; Gomber, B.; Grothe, M.; Herndon, M.; Hervé, A.; Klabbers, P.; Lanaro, A.; Levine, A.; Long, K.; Loveless, R.; Mohapatra, A.; Ojalvo, I.; Perry, T.; Pierro, G. A.; Polese, G.; Ruggles, T.; Sarangi, T.; Savin, A.; Sharma, A.; Smith, N.; Smith, W. H.; Taylor, D.; Verwilligen, P.; Woods, N.; Cms Collaboration

    2016-10-01

    The polarizations of the ϒ (1 S) , ϒ (2 S) , and ϒ (3 S) mesons are measured as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at √{ s} = 7 TeV. The measurements are performed with a dimuon data sample collected in 2011 by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb-1. The results are extracted from the dimuon decay angular distributions, in two ranges of ϒ (nS) transverse momentum (10-15 and 15-35 GeV), and in the rapidity interval | y | < 1.2. The results do not show significant changes from low- to high-multiplicity pp collisions, although large uncertainties preclude definite statements in the ϒ (2 S) and ϒ (3 S) cases.

  18. Novel Reassortant Human-Like H3N2 and H3N1 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs Are Virulent and Antigenically Distinct from Swine Viruses Endemic to the United States

    PubMed Central

    Rajão, Daniela S.; Gauger, Phillip C.; Anderson, Tavis K.; Lewis, Nicola S.; Abente, Eugenio J.; Killian, Mary Lea; Sutton, Troy C.; Zhang, Jianqiang

    2015-01-01

    . New human-like H3N2 and H3N1 viruses that contain a mix of human and swine gene segments were recently detected by the USDA surveillance system. The human-like viruses efficiently infected pigs and resulted in onward airborne transmission, likely due to the multiple changes identified between human and swine H3 viruses. The human-like swine viruses are distinct from contemporary U.S. H3 swine viruses and from the strains used in swine vaccines, which could have a significant impact on the swine industry due to a lack of population immunity. Additionally, public health experts should consider an appropriate assessment of the risk of these emerging swine H3 viruses for the human population. PMID:26311895

  19. Novel Reassortant Human-Like H3N2 and H3N1 Influenza A Viruses Detected in Pigs Are Virulent and Antigenically Distinct from Swine Viruses Endemic to the United States.

    PubMed

    Rajão, Daniela S; Gauger, Phillip C; Anderson, Tavis K; Lewis, Nicola S; Abente, Eugenio J; Killian, Mary Lea; Perez, Daniel R; Sutton, Troy C; Zhang, Jianqiang; Vincent, Amy L

    2015-11-01

    and H3N1 viruses that contain a mix of human and swine gene segments were recently detected by the USDA surveillance system. The human-like viruses efficiently infected pigs and resulted in onward airborne transmission, likely due to the multiple changes identified between human and swine H3 viruses. The human-like swine viruses are distinct from contemporary U.S. H3 swine viruses and from the strains used in swine vaccines, which could have a significant impact on the swine industry due to a lack of population immunity. Additionally, public health experts should consider an appropriate assessment of the risk of these emerging swine H3 viruses for the human population. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

  20. Lorentz symmetric n-particle systems without ``multiple times''

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Smith, Felix

    2013-05-01

    The need for multiple times in relativistic n-particle dynamics is a consequence of Minkowski's postulated symmetry between space and time coordinates in a space-time s = [x1 , . . ,x4 ] = [ x , y , z , ict ] , Eq. (1). Poincaré doubted the need for this space-time symmetry, believing Lorentz covariance could also prevail in some geometries with a three-dimensional position space and a quite different time coordinate. The Hubble expansion observed later justifies a specific geometry of this kind, a negatively curved position 3-space expanding with time at the Hubble rate lH (t) =lH , 0 + cΔt (F. T. Smith, Ann. Fond. L. de Broglie, 30, 179 (2005) and 35, 395 (2010)). Its position 4-vector is not s but q = [x1 , . . ,x4 ] = [ x , y , z , ilH (t) ] , and shows no 4-space symmetry. What is observed is always a difference 4-vector Δq = [ Δx , Δy , Δz , icΔt ] , and this displays the structure of Eq. (1) perfectly. Thus we find the standard 4-vector of special relativity in a geometry that does not require a Minkowski space-time at all, but a quite different geometry with a expanding 3-space symmetry and an independent time. The same Lorentz symmetry with but a single time extends to 2 and n-body systems.

  1. Advanced solar irradiances applied to satellite and ionospheric operational systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tobiska, W. Kent; Schunk, Robert; Eccles, Vince; Bouwer, Dave

    Satellite and ionospheric operational systems require solar irradiances in a variety of time scales and spectral formats. We describe the development of a system using operational grade solar irradiances that are applied to empirical thermospheric density models and physics-based ionospheric models used by operational systems that require a space weather characterization. The SOLAR2000 (S2K) and SOLARFLARE (SFLR) models developed by Space Environment Technologies (SET) provide solar irradiances from the soft X-rays (XUV) through the Far Ultraviolet (FUV) spectrum. The irradiances are provided as integrated indices for the JB2006 empirical atmosphere density models and as line/band spectral irradiances for the physics-based Ionosphere Forecast Model (IFM) developed by the Space Environment Corporation (SEC). We describe the integration of these irradiances in historical, current epoch, and forecast modes through the Communication Alert and Prediction System (CAPS). CAPS provides real-time and forecast HF radio availability for global and regional users and global total electron content (TEC) conditions.

  2. Comparison of Q3s ATD biomechanical responses to pediatric volunteers.

    PubMed

    Ita, Meagan; Kang, Yun-Seok; Seacrist, Thomas; Dahle, Eric; Bolte, John

    2014-01-01

    The biofidelity of pediatric anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) continues to be evaluated with scaled-down adult data, a methodology that requires inaccurate assumptions about the likeness of biomechanical properties of children and adults. Recently, evaluation of pediatric ATDs by comparison of pediatric volunteer (PV) data has emerged as a valuable and practical alternative to the use of scaled adult data. This study utilized existing PV data to evaluate a 3-year-old side impact ATD, the Q3s. Though ATDs have been compared to volunteer responses in frontal impacts, this study is the first to extend ATD-PV comparison methods to the Q3s ATD and among the first to extend these methods to side impacts. Previously conducted experiments were replicated in order to make a direct comparison between the Q3s and PVs. PV data were used from 4- to 7-year-olds (shoulder tests, n=14) and 6- to 8-year-olds (sled tests, n=7). Force-deflection data were captured during quasistatic shoulder tests through manual displacement of the shoulder joint. Resulting shoulder stiffness was compared between the Q3s and PVs. Low-speed far-side sled tests were conducted with the Q3s at lateral (90°) and oblique (60°) impacts. Primary outcomes of interest included (1) lateral displacement of the torso, (2) torso rollout angle, and (3) kinematic trajectories of the head and neck. The Q3s exhibited shoulder stiffness values at least 32 N/mm greater than the PVs for all conditions (PV muscle tensed and relaxed, deflection calculated for full- and half-thoracic). In lateral sled tests, the Q3s demonstrated increased coronal torso rollout (Q3s: 49.2°; PVs: 35.7°±12.4°) and lateral (ΔY) movement of the top of the head (Q3s: -389 mm; PVs: -320±23 mm) compared to PVs. In oblique trials, the Q3s achieved significantly decreased lateral torso displacement (Q3s: 153.3 mm; PVs: 193.6±25.6 mm) and top of the head forward (ΔX) motion (Q3s: 68 mm; PVs: 133 ± 20 mm) compared to PVs. In all tests

  3. Candidate Insect Repellent AI3-35713-aGa N-Pentylvaleramide

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-10-19

    0 Io -44 0 0 ON . w *0. 4) L0 0 ~ -- 0t, M- N 41 M , y ) *4Ur 0 f E0 4) MN 4) O.* r U 4J404 Ul~ r, eo 0 r. a.O~U f- n AN 1. ) 41$44 r. 4 0 -. ) MJ N ...TOPICAL HAZARD EVALUATION . , OF CANDIDATE INSECT REPELLENT AI3-35713-aGa N -PENTYLVALERAMIDE STUDY NO. 51-0802-77 AUGUST 1975 - AUGUST 1976 Approved...CLASSIFICATION DO’ THIS PAGE (Wlhet Der. Znftro* REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE EA~D N RM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION No. 3. RECIPIENT’S CATALOG NUMBER 51

  4. How practical is the application of percutaneous nephrolithotomy scoring systems? Prospective study comparing Guy's Stone Score, S.T.O.N.E. score and the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) nomogram.

    PubMed

    Singla, Anurag; Khattar, Nikhil; Nayyar, Rishi; Mehra, Shibani; Goel, Hemant; Sood, Rajeev

    2017-03-01

    To prospectively compare the Guy's Stone Score (GSS), S.T.O.N.E. [stone size (S), tract length (T), obstruction (O), number of involved calices (N), and essence or stone density (E)] score and the Clinical Research Office of the Endourological Society (CROES) nephrolithometric nomogram to predict percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) success rate and assess the correlation with perioperative complications. We prospectively evaluated all consecutive PCNL patients at our institute between 1 November 2013 and 31 May 2015. The above scoring systems were applied to preoperative non-contrast computed tomography and the practical difficulties in such applications were noted. Perioperative complications and the stone-free rate (SFR) were also recorded. Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn and the areas under curves were compared and appropriate statistical analysis done. In all, 48 renal units were included in the study. The overall SFR was 62.2%. The presence of staghorn stones ( β  = 27.285, 95% confidence interval 1.19-625.35; P  = 0.039) was the only significant variable associated with the residual stones on multivariate analysis. Stone-free patients had significantly lower median GSS (2 vs 4) and S.T.O.N.E. scores (6 vs 10) and higher median CROES scores (83% vs 63%) (all P  < 0.001) compared to residual-stone patients. All scoring systems were significantly associated with SFR (all P  < 0.001). There was no significant difference in the areas under curves of the scoring systems (0.858, 0.923, and 0.931, respectively). Furthermore, all scoring systems had weak correlations with Clavien-Dindo classified complications ( r  = 0.29, P  = 0.045; r  = 0.40, P  = 0.005 and r  = -0.295, P  = 0.04, respectively). We found no standardisation for the measurement of stone dimensions, tract length, Hounsfield units, and staghorn definition. All scoring systems equally predicted SFR and had a weak correlation with Clavien-Dindo complications

  5. Synthesis, radiolabeling, and preliminary biological evaluation of [3H]-1-[(S)-N,O-bis-(isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-tyrosyl]-4-(o-tolyl)-piperazine, a potent antagonist radioligand for the P2X7 receptor.

    PubMed

    Romagnoli, Romeo; Baraldi, Pier Giovanni; Pavani, Maria Giovanna; Tabrizi, Mojgan Aghazadeh; Moorman, Allan R; Di Virgilio, Francesco; Cattabriga, Elena; Pancaldi, Cecilia; Gessi, Stefania; Borea, Pier Andrea

    2004-11-15

    The design, synthesis, and preliminary biological evaluation of the first potent radioligand antagonist for the P2X(7) receptor, named [(3)H]-1-[(S)-N,O-bis-(isoquinolinesulfonyl)-N-methyl-tyrosyl]-4-(o-tolyl)-piperazine (compound 13), are reported. This compound bound to human P2X(7) receptors expressed in HEK transfected cells with K(D) and B(max) value of 3.46+/-0.1 nM and 727+/-73 fmol/mg of protein, respectively. The high affinity and facile labeling makes it a promising radioligand for a further characterization of P2X(7) receptor subtype.

  6. 15N fractionation in star-forming regions and Solar System objects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wirström, Eva; Milam, Stefanie; Adande, Gilles; Charnley, Steven B.; Cordiner, Martin A.

    2015-08-01

    A central issue for understanding the formation and evolution of matter in the early Solar System is the relationship between the chemical composition of star-forming interstellar clouds and that of primitive Solar System materials. The pristine molecular content of comets, interplanetary dust particles and carbonaceous chondrites show significant bulk nitrogen isotopic fractionation relative to the solar value, 14N/15N ~ 440. In addition, high spatial resolution measurements in primitive materials locally show even more extreme enhancements of 14N/15N < 100.The coherent 15N enrichment in comets from different formation zones suggests that these isotopic enhancements are remnants of the interstellar chemistry in the natal molecular cloud core and the outer protosolar nebula. Indeed, early chemical models of gas-phase ion-molecule nitrogen fractionation showed that HCN and HNC (nitriles) can hold significant 15N enrichments in cold dark clouds where CO is depleted onto dust grains. In addition, 15N fractionation in nitriles and amines (NH2, NH3) follow different chemical pathways. More recently we have shown that once the spin-state dependence in rates of reactions with H2 is included in the models, amines can either be enhanced or depleted in 15N, depending on the core’s evolutionary stage. Observed 15N fractionation in amines and nitriles therefore cannot be expected to be the same, instead their ratio is a potential chemical clock.Observations of molecular isotope ratios in dark cores are challenging. Limited published results in general show higher 15N/14N ratios in HCN and HNC than ammonia, but more measurements are necessary to confirm these trends. We will present recent results from our ongoing observing campaign of 14N/15N isotopic ratios in HCN, HNC and NH3 in dense cores and protostars which seem consistent with significant fractionation in nitriles as compared to other molecules in each object. The few 14N/15N ratios observed in N2H+ are similar to

  7. Pharmacokinetics and N-acetylation metabolism of S-methyl-l-cysteine and trans-S-1-propenyl-l-cysteine in rats and dogs.

    PubMed

    Amano, Hirotaka; Kazamori, Daichi; Itoh, Kenji

    2016-11-01

    1. Pharmacokinetics and N-acetylation metabolism of S-methyl-L-cysteine (SMC) and trans-S-1-propenyl-L-cysteine (S1PC) were examined in rats and dogs. SMC and S1PC (2-5 mg/kg) were well absorbed in both species with high bioavailability (88-100%). 2. SMC and S1PC were excreted only to a small extent in the urine of rats and dogs. The small renal clearance values (<0.03 l/h/kg) indicated the extensive renal reabsorption of SMC and S1PC, which potentially contributed to their long elimination half-lives (>5 h) in dogs. 3. S1PC, but not SMC, underwent N-acetylation extensively in vivo, which can be explained by the relative activities of N-acetylation of S1PC/SMC and deacetylation of their N-acetylated forms, N-acetyl-S1PC/N-acetyl-SMC, in the liver and kidney in vitro. The activities for S1PC N-acetylation were similar to or higher than those for N-acetyl-S1PC deacetylation in liver S9 fractions of rat and dog, whereas liver and kidney S9 fractions of rat and dog had little activity for SMC N-acetylation or considerably higher activities for N-acetyl-SMC deacetylation. 4. Our study demonstrated that the pharmacokinetics of SMC and S1PC in rats and dogs was characterized by high bioavailability and extensive renal reabsorption; however, the extent of undergoing the N-acetylation metabolism was extremely different between SMC and S1PC.

  8. Simultaneous ionization-excitation of helium to the 3s, 3p, and 3d states of He+

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zatsarinny, Oleg; Bartschat, Klaus

    2015-05-01

    We extended our work on ionization of helium with simultaneous excitation to the n = 2 states to include the n = 3 manifold of the residual ion. This requires the inclusion of pseudo-states constructed on the 3s, 3p, and 3d ionic core. We used a parallelized version of the B-spline R-matrix (BSR) package to perform a calculation with 1,254 target states, resulting in up to 3,027 coupled channels and matrices of rank up to 200,000 to be diagonalized. The triple-differential cross section (TDCS) was extracted by the projection method. We obtain excellent agreement with experiment regarding the angular dependence of the TDCS for all kinematical situations available for comparison. Some discrepancies remain for the absolute magnitude. Results for the n = 2 states are stable and closely agree with previous predictions. Work supported by the United States National Science Foundation under grants No. PHY-1212450, PHY-1430245 and the XSEDE allocation PHY-090031.

  9. Development of a microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, D. H.; Jeon, H. J.; Kim, M. J.; Nguyen, X. D.; Morten, K.; Go, J. S.

    2018-04-01

    Recently, 3-dimensional in vitro cell cultures have gained much attention in biomedical sciences because of the closer relevance between in vitro cell cultures and in vivo environments. This paper presents a microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system with consistent control of long-term culture conditions to mimic an in vivo microenvironment. It consists of two sudden expansion reservoirs to trap incoming air bubbles, gradient generators to provide a linear concentration, and microchannel mixers. Specifically, the air bubbles disturb a flow in the microfluidic channel resulting in the instability of the perfusion cell culture conditions. For long-term stable operation, the sudden expansion reservoir is designed to trap air bubbles by using buoyancy before they enter the culture system. The performance of the developed microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system was examined experimentally and compared with analytical results. Finally, it was applied to test the cytotoxicity of cells infected with Ewing’s sarcoma. Cell death was observed for different concentrations of H2O2. For future work, the developed microfluidic perfusion 3D cell culture system can be used to examine the behavior of cells treated with various drugs and concentrations for high-throughput drug screening.

  10. Fragile morphotropic phase boundary and phase stability in the near-surface region of the relaxor ferroelectric (1 -x ) Pb (Z n1 /3N b2 /3) O3-x PbTi O3 : [001] field-cooled phase diagrams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Yaojin; Wang, Ding; Yuan, Guoliang; Ma, He; Xu, Feng; Li, Jiefang; Viehland, D.; Gehring, Peter M.

    2016-11-01

    We have examined the effects of field cooling on the phase diagram of the relaxor system (1 -x ) Pb (Z n1 /3N b2 /3) O3-x PbTi O3 (PZN-x PT ) for compositions near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). High-resolution diffraction measurements using Cu Kα x rays, which probe ≈3 μ m below the crystal surface, were made on field-cooled (FC) single-crystal specimens of PZN-4.5 %PT and PZN-6.5 %PT under electric fields of 1 and 2 kV/cm applied along [001] and combined with previous neutron diffraction data, which probe the entire crystal volume, for FC PZN-8 %PT [Ohwada et al., Phys. Rev. B 67, 094111 (2003), 10.1103/PhysRevB.67.094111]. A comparison to the zero-field-cooled (ZFC) PZN-x PT phase diagram reveals several interesting features: (1) The short-range monoclinic phase observed in the ZFC state on the low-PT side of the MPB is replaced by a monoclinic MA phase; (2) field cooling extends the tetragonal phase to higher temperatures and lower-PT concentrations; (3) the orthorhombic phase near the MPB is replaced by a monoclinic MC phase; (4) the vertical MPB in the ZFC phase diagram bends significantly towards the low-PT side in the FC state. These results demonstrate that both the phase stability and the nature of the MPB in PZN-PT within the near-surface regions are fragile in the presence of electric fields.

  11. Parabolic dish systems at work - Applying the concepts

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Marriott, A. T.

    1981-01-01

    An overview is given of parabolic dish solar concentrator application experiments being conducted by the U.S. Department of Energy. The 'engineering experiments' comprise the testing of (1) a small-community powerplant system, in conjunction with a grid-connected utility; (2) stand-alone applications at remote sites such as military installations, radar stations and villages; and (3) dish modules that can deliver heat for direct use in industrial processes. Applicability projections are based on a dish and receiver that use a Brayton engine with an engine/generator efficiency of 25% and a production level of up to 25,000 units per year. Analyses indicate that parabolic-dish power systems can potentially replace small, oil-fired power plants in all regions of the U.S. between 1985 and 1991.

  12. Electrical transport and structural characterization of epitaxial monolayer MoS2 /n- and p-doped GaN vertical lattice-matched heterojunctions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ruzmetov, D.; O'Regan, T.; Zhang, K.; Herzing, A.; Mazzoni, A.; Chin, M.; Huang, S.; Zhang, Z.; Burke, R.; Neupane, M.; Birdwell, Ag; Shah, P.; Crowne, F.; Kolmakov, A.; Leroy, B.; Robinson, J.; Davydov, A.; Ivanov, T.

    We investigate vertical semiconductor junctions consisting of monolayer MoS2 that is epitaxially grown on n- and p-doped GaN crystals. Such a junction represents a building block for 2D/3D vertical semiconductor heterostructures. Epitaxial, lattice-matched growth of MoS2 on GaN is important to ensure high quality interfaces that are crucial for the efficient vertical transport. The MoS2/GaN junctions were characterized with cross-sectional and planar scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), scanning tunneling microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. The MoS2/GaN lattice mismatch is measured to be near 1% using STEM. The electrical transport in the out-of-plane direction across the MoS2/GaN junctions was measured using conductive atomic force microscopy and mechanical nano-probes inside a scanning electron microscope. Nano-disc metal contacts to MoS2 were fabricated by e-beam lithography and evaporation. The current-voltage curves of the vertical MoS2/GaN junctions exhibit rectification with opposite polarities for n-doped and p-doped GaN. The metal contact determines the general features of the current-voltage curves, and the MoS2 monolayer modifies the electrical transport across the contact/GaN interface.

  13. Natural Electrotransformation of Lightning-Competent Pseudomonas sp. Strain N3 in Artificial Soil Microcosms

    PubMed Central

    Cérémonie, Hélène; Buret, François; Simonet, Pascal; Vogel, Timothy M.

    2006-01-01

    The lightning-competent Pseudomonas sp. strain N3, recently isolated from soil, has been used to study the extent of natural electrotransformation (NET) or lightning transformation as a horizontal gene transfer mechanism in soil. The variation of electrical fields applied to the soil with a laboratory-scale lightning system provides an estimate of the volume of soil affected by NET. Based on the range of the electric field that induces NET of Pseudomonas strain N3, the volume of soil, where NET could occur, ranges from 2 to 950 m3 per lightning strike. The influence of DNA parameters (amount, size, and purity) and DNA soil residence time were also investigated. NET frequencies (electrotransformants/recipient cells) ranged from 10−8 for cell lysate after 1 day of residence in soil to 4 × 10−7 with a purified plasmid added immediately before the lightning. The electrical field gradient (in kilovolts per cm) also played a role as NET frequencies ranging from 1 × 10−5 at 2.3 kV/cm to 1.7 × 10−4 at 6.5 kV/cm. PMID:16597934

  14. The Global Ocean Forecast System, Version 3.0 (GOFS 3.0) or the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model (HYCOM)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-04-10

    System (GOFS) V3.0 – 1/12 HYCOM/NCODA: Phase I‖ by Metzger et al., dated 26 November 2008 (NRL/MR/7320—08- 9148). The HYbrid Coordinate Ocean...C. Lozano, H.L. Tolman, A. Srinivasan, S. Hankin, P. Cornillon, R. Weisberg, A. Barth, R. He, F. Werner, and J. Wilkin , 2009. U.S. GODAE: Global...E.J. Metzger, J.F. Shriver, O.M. Smedstad, A.J. Wallcraft, and C.N. Barron, 2008 : Eddy-resolving global ocean prediction. In "Eddy-Resolving Ocean

  15. Second-Nearest-Neighbor Effects upon N NMR Shieldings in Models for Solid Si 3N 4and C 3N 4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tossell, J. A.

    1997-07-01

    NMR shifts are generally determined mainly by the nearest-neighbor environment of an atom, with fairly small changes in the shift arising from differences in the second-nearest-neighbor environment. Previous calculations on the (SiH3)3N molecule used as a model for the local environment of N in crystalline α- and β-Si3N4gave N NMR shieldings much larger than those measured in the solids and gave the wrong order for the shifts of the inequivalent N sites (e.g., N1 and N2 in β-Si3N4). We have now calculated the N NMR shieldings in larger molecular models for the N2 site of β-Si3N4and have found that the N2 shielding is greatly reduced when additional N1 atoms (second-nearest-neighbors to the central N2) are included. The calculated N2 shieldings (using the GIAO method with the 6-31G* basis set and 6-31G* SCF optimized geometries) are 288.1, 244.7, and 206.0 ppm for the molecules (SiH3)3N, Si6N5H15, and Si9N9H21(central N2), respectively, while the experimental shielding of N2 in β-Si3N4is about 155 ppm. Second-nearest-neighbor effects of only slightly smaller magnitude are calculated for the analog C molecules. At the same time, the effects of molecule size upon Si NMR shieldings and N electric field gradients are small. The local geometries at the N2-like Ns in C6N5H15and C9N9H21are calculated to be planar, consistent with the planar local geometry recently calculated for N in crystalline C3N4using density functional theory.

  16. Nuclear Hyperfine Structure in the Donor – Acceptor Complexes (CH3)3N-BF3 and (CH)33N-B(CH3)3

    EPA Science Inventory

    The donor-acceptor complexes (CH3)3N-BF3 and (CH3)3N-B(CH3)3 have been reinvestigated at high resolution by rotational spectroscopy in a supersonic jet. Nuclear hyperfine structure resulting from both nitrogen and boron has been resolved and quadrupole coupling constants have bee...

  17. First-principles study on the structural, elastic and electronic properties of Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 under high pressure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Ruike; Chai, Bao; Zhu, Chuanshuai; Wei, Qun; Du, Zheng

    2017-12-01

    The structural, elastic and electronic properties of Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 have been systematically studied by first-principles calculations based on density functional theory (DFT) with generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and local density approximation (LDA). Basic physical properties for Ti4N3 and Ti6N5, such as the lattice constants, the bulk modulus, shear modulus, and elastic constants are calculated. The results show that Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 are mechanically stable under ambient pressure. The phonon dispersion spectra are researched throughout the Brillouin zone via the linear response approach as implemented in the CASTEP code, which indicate the optimized structures are stable dynamically. The Young’s modulus E and Poisson’s ratios ν are also determined within the framework of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation. The analyses show that Ti4N3 is more ductile than Ti6N5 at the same pressure and ductility increases as the pressure increases. Moreover, the anisotropies of the Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 are discussed by the Young’s modulus at different directions, and the results indicate that the anisotropy of the two Ti-N compounds is obvious. The total density of states (TDOS) and partial density of states (PDOS) show that the TDOS of TiN, Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 originate mainly from Ti “d” and N “p” states. The results show that Ti4N3 and Ti6N5 present semimetal character. Pressure makes the level range of DOS significantly extended, for TiN, Ti4N3 and Ti6N5. The TDOS decreases with the pressure rise, at Fermi level.

  18. Metal-oxide-semiconductor devices using Ga2O3 dielectrics on n-type GaN

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Ching-Ting; Chen, Hong-Wei; Lee, Hsin-Ying

    2003-06-01

    Using a photoelectrochemical method involving a He-Cd laser, Ga2O3 oxide layers were directly grown on n-type GaN. We demonstrated the performance of the resultant metal-oxide-semiconductor devices based on the grown Ga2O3 layer. An extremely low reverse leakage current of 200 pA was achieved when devices operated at -20 V. Furthermore, high forward and reverse breakdown electric fields of 2.80 MV/cm and 5.70 MV/cm, respectively, were obtained. Using a photoassisted current-voltage method, a low interface state density of 2.53×1011 cm-2 eV-1 was estimated. The varactor devices permit formation of inversion layers, so that they may be applied for the fabrication of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors.

  19. A Comparison of the Quality of Life of Patients With an Entirely Subcutaneous Implantable Defibrillator System Versus a Transvenous System (from the EFFORTLESS S-ICD Quality of Life Substudy).

    PubMed

    Pedersen, Susanne S; Mastenbroek, Mirjam H; Carter, Nathan; Barr, Craig; Neuzil, Petr; Scholten, Marcoen; Lambiase, Pier D; Boersma, Lucas; Johansen, Jens B; Theuns, Dominic A M J

    2016-08-15

    The first clinical results from the Evaluation of Factors Impacting Clinical Outcome and Cost Effectiveness of the subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (EFFORTLESS S-ICD) Registry on the entirely S-ICD system are promising, but the impact of the S-ICD system on patients' quality of life (QoL) is not known. We evaluated the QoL of patients with an S-ICD against an unrelated cohort with a transvenous (TV)-ICD system during 6 months of follow-up. Consecutively implanted patients with an S-ICD system were matched with patients with a TV-ICD system on a priori selected variables including baseline QoL. QoL was measured with the Short-Form Health Survey at baseline, 3, and 6 months after implant and compared using multivariable modeling with repeated measures. Patients with an S-ICD (n = 167) versus a TV-ICD system (n = 167) did not differ significantly on physical (p = 0.8157) and mental QoL scores (p = 0.9080) across baseline, 3, and 6 months after implantation in adjusted analyses. The evolution in physical (p = 0.0503) and mental scores (p = 0.3772) during follow-up was similar for both cohorts, as indicated by the nonsignificant interaction effect for ICD system by time. Both patients with an S-ICD system and a TV-ICD system experienced significant improvements in physical and mental QoL between time of implant and 3 months (both p's <0.0001) and between time of implant and 6 months (both p's <0.0001) but not between 3 and 6 months (both p's >0.05). In conclusion, these first results show that the QoL of patients with an S-ICD versus TV-ICD system is similar and that patients with either system experience improvements in QoL on the short term. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Effective collision strengths for fine-structure forbidden transitions among the 3s^23p^3 levels of K V

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bell, Kenneth; Wilson, Nigel

    2001-05-01

    Electron temperatures and densities are difficult to determine in many astrophysical plasmas. However, it is well known that diagnostics on forbidden line intensity ratios for ions in the phosphorous isoelectronic sequence are of great importance in astrophysics, particularly for nebulae. A key element in the analysis is highly accurate atomic data. In this work we extend the earlier calculations of Butler, Zeippen and Le Bourlot (Astron. Astrophys. 203 189 (1988)) on electron scattering by K v. We have obtained effective collision strengths for a wide range of electron temperatures using the R-matrix method. Twenty-two LS target eigenstates are included in the expansion of the total wavefunction, consisting of the seven n=3 states with configuration 3s^23p^3 and 3s3p^4, twelve n=3 states with configuration 3s^23p^23d, and three n=4 states with configuration 3s^23p^24s. The fine-structure collision strengths have been obtained by transforming to a jj-coupling scheme using the JAJOM program of Saraph (Comp. Phys. Commun. 15 247 (1978)) and have been determined at a sufficiently fine energy mesh to delineate properly the resonance structure. Results for both collision strengths and for effective collision strengths will be presented at the conference and comparison will be made with the earlier work.

  1. An Update on 3He Correlation Function Research for the SNS nEDM collaboration

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Reid, Austin; Golub, Robert; Dipert, Robert

    2016-09-01

    In the 65 years since Ramsey's null result for the neutron's permanent electric dipole moment (nEDM), techniques have become increasingly sensitive, establishing the present upper limit of 3 ×10-26 e .cm . This value was limited by an unexpected source of error: a freqency shift with linear dependence on the electric field colloquially called a false EDM. The next generation nEDM sensing apparatus being developed for the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory uses a 3He comagenetometer in a pure helium-II bath. The false EDM in 3He may be related to the 3He's position autocorrelation function, which in turn is accessible by a detailed study of T1 decay in hyperpolarized 3He. Existing measurements of this system were limited by temperature, noise, and 3He concentration. Dramatic improvements have been made on all three fronts by improving the thermal connection between the measurment cell and the dilution refrigerator, by adding additional shielding and a SQUID package, and by developing a MEOP 3He polarization system. Data collection is underway. This material is based upon work supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Nuclear Physics, under Award Number DE-FG02-97ER41042.

  2. trans-Bis(thio­cyanato-κN)tetra­kis­(3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN 2)nickel(II)–3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole (1/1)

    PubMed Central

    Hossaini Sadr, Moayad; Engle, James T.; Ziegler, Christopher J.; Soltani, Behzad; Mousavi, Zahra

    2011-01-01

    In the title compound, [Ni(NCS)2(C6H10N2)4]·C6H10N2, the asymmetric unit comprises a NiII complex and a co-crystallised mol­ecule of 3,4,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazole (PzMe3). The NiII atom is coordinated by four PzMe3 mol­ecules and two thio­cyanate anions to define a trans N4S2 distorted octa­hedral geometry. A number of intra­molecular N—H⋯N, N—H⋯S and C—H⋯N inter­actions contribute to the stability of the complex. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯S inter­actions, which link neighbouring mol­ecules into chains along the a axis. PMID:22219831

  3. A 3D human neural cell culture system for modeling Alzheimer’s disease

    PubMed Central

    Kim, Young Hye; Choi, Se Hoon; D’Avanzo, Carla; Hebisch, Matthias; Sliwinski, Christopher; Bylykbashi, Enjana; Washicosky, Kevin J.; Klee, Justin B.; Brüstle, Oliver; Tanzi, Rudolph E.; Kim, Doo Yeon

    2015-01-01

    Stem cell technologies have facilitated the development of human cellular disease models that can be used to study pathogenesis and test therapeutic candidates. These models hold promise for complex neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) because existing animal models have been unable to fully recapitulate all aspects of pathology. We recently reported the characterization of a novel three-dimensional (3D) culture system that exhibits key events in AD pathogenesis, including extracellular aggregation of β-amyloid and accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau. Here we provide instructions for the generation and analysis of 3D human neural cell cultures, including the production of genetically modified human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) with familial AD mutations, the differentiation of the hNPCs in a 3D matrix, and the analysis of AD pathogenesis. The 3D culture generation takes 1–2 days. The aggregation of β-amyloid is observed after 6-weeks of differentiation followed by robust tau pathology after 10–14 weeks. PMID:26068894

  4. Preparation and Characterization of the Binary Group 13 Azides M(N3)3 and M(N3)3’CH3CN (M = Ga, In, TI), [Ga(N3)5](2-), and [M(N3)6](3-) (M = In, TI) (Preprint)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-05-24

    semiconductor and optoelectronic applications. Although most of these efforts were devoted to gallium azides, aluminium and indium azides were also...their usefulness for semiconductor and optoelectronic applications. Although most of these efforts were devoted to gallium azides,[20,21] aluminium and...57(1) N(7) -152(5) 6417(2) 7317(2) 54(1) N(8) 20(5) 6903(2) 7687(2) 48(1) N(9) 148(4) 7388(3) 8011 (3) 80(2) P(1) 4132(1) 6289(1) 9090(1) 30(1

  5. 3-D System-on-System (SoS) Biomedical-Imaging Architecture for Health-Care Applications.

    PubMed

    Sang-Jin Lee; Kavehei, O; Yoon-Ki Hong; Tae Won Cho; Younggap You; Kyoungrok Cho; Eshraghian, K

    2010-12-01

    This paper presents the implementation of a 3-D architecture for a biomedical-imaging system based on a multilayered system-on-system structure. The architecture consists of a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor image sensor layer, memory, 3-D discrete wavelet transform (3D-DWT), 3-D Advanced Encryption Standard (3D-AES), and an RF transmitter as an add-on layer. Multilayer silicon (Si) stacking permits fabrication and optimization of individual layers by different processing technology to achieve optimal performance. Utilization of through silicon via scheme can address required low-power operation as well as high-speed performance. Potential benefits of 3-D vertical integration include an improved form factor as well as a reduction in the total wiring length, multifunctionality, power efficiency, and flexible heterogeneous integration. The proposed imaging architecture was simulated by using Cadence Spectre and Synopsys HSPICE while implementation was carried out by Cadence Virtuoso and Mentor Graphic Calibre.

  6. Decomposition of S-nitrosocysteine via S- to N-transnitrosation

    PubMed Central

    Peterson, Lisa A.; Wagener, Tanja; Sies, Helmut; Stahl, Wilhelm

    2008-01-01

    S-Nitrosothiols are thought to be important intermediates in nitric oxide signaling pathways. These compounds are unstable, in part, through their ability to donate NO. One model S-nitrosothiol, S-nitrosocysteine is particularly unstable. Recently, it was proposed that this compound decomposed via intra- and intermolecular transfer of the NO group from the sulfur to the nitrogen to form N-nitrosocysteine. This primary nitrosamine is expected to rapidly rearrange to ultimately form a reactive diazonium ion intermediate. To test this hypothesis, we demonstrated that thiirane-2-carboxylic acid is formed during the decomposition of S-nitrosocysteine at neutral pH. Acrylic acid was another product of this reaction. These results indicate that a small but significant amount of S-nitrosocysteine decomposes via S- to N-transnitrosation. The formation of a reactive intermediate in this process indicates the potential for this reaction to contribute to the toxicological properties of nitric oxide. PMID:17439249

  7. Physical properties of glasses in the Ag2GeS3-AgBr system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moroz, M. V.; Demchenko, P. Yu.; Prokhorenko, S. V.; Moroz, V. M.

    2013-08-01

    Glasses have been prepared by quenching melts in the Ag2GeS3-AgBr system in a range of 0-53 mol % AgBr. The concentration dependences of density, microhardness, glass transition temperatures, and crystallization of alloys have been established. The conductivity of glasses has been investigated by the dc probe method in a range of 240-420 K. The models of the drift motion of silver and halogen ions have been proposed.

  8. Influence of defects and dopants on the photovoltaic performance of Bi 2S 3: First-principles insights

    DOE PAGES

    Han, Dan; Du, Mao -Hua; Dai, Chen -Min; ...

    2017-02-23

    Bi 2S 3 has attracted extensive attention recently as a light-absorber, sensitizer or electron acceptor material in various solar cells. Using first-principles calculations, we find that the photovoltaic efficiency of Bi 2S 3 solar cells is limited by its intrinsic point defects, i.e., both S vacancy and S interstitial can have high concentration and produce deep defect levels in the bandgap, leading to non-radiative recombination of electron–hole carriers and reduced minority carrier lifetime. Unexpectedly most of the intrinsic defects in Bi 2S 3, including even the S interstitial, act as donor defects, explaining the observed n-type conductivity and also causingmore » the high p-type conductivity impossible thermodynamically. Doping in Bi 2S 3 by a series of extrinsic elements is studied, showing that most of the dopant elements such as Cu, Br and Cl make the material even more n-type and only Pb doping makes it weakly p-type. Based on this, we propose that the surface region of n-type Bi 2S 3 nanocrystals in p-PbS/n-Bi 2S 3 nano-heterojunction solar cells may be type-inverted into p-type due to Pb doping, with a buried p–n junction formed in the Bi 2S 3 nanocrystals, which provides a new explanation to the longer carrier lifetime and higher efficiency. Lastly, considering the relatively low conduction band and high n-type conductivity, we predict that Cu, Br and Cl doped Bi 2S 3 may be an ideal n-type electron acceptor or counter electrode material, while the performance of Bi 2S 3 as a light-absorber or sensitizer material is intrinsically limited.« less

  9. Temperature dependence of the reaction N2(A3Σu+)+O in the terrestrial thermosphere

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hill, Steven M.; Solomon, Stanley C.; Cleary, David D.; Broadfoot, A. Lyle

    2000-05-01

    Previous models for dayglow and auroral emissions of the N2(A3Σu+->X1Σg+) Vegard-Kaplan (VK) bands and O(1S) lines, when based on laboratory rate coefficients, disagree with observations. The problem has two parts: the overall rate of N2(A)+O and the state-specific yield of O(1S). Resolving these discrepancies should yield more accurate determinations of atomic oxygen density by remote sensing of the 2972 and 5577 Å lines. To solve the problem, the sources and sinks of O(1S) are considered using dayglow observations from 105 to 315 km and a numerical model. Line and band intensities are extracted from the data using a multiple regression fit to synthetic spectra. A photoelectron and photochemical model is used to analyze the resulting vertical emission profiles. N2 Second Positive (2P) altitude profiles indicate that photoelectron excitation of the N2 triplet system is modeled with an absolute uncertainty of +/-23%. The VK/2P intensity ratio suggests that laboratory rate coefficients for the reaction N2(Aν'=0,1,2)+O should be increased by a factor of 1.74 to 2.34. However, the laboratory rates were measured at room temperature. When the effect of high thermospheric temperatures on collision frequency is accounted for the rate coefficients for ν'=0, 1, and 2 are found to be (3.4+/-0.8)×10-11(T/298)1/2, (5.6+/-1.3)×10-11(T/298)1/2, and (4.8+/-1.2)×10-11(T/298)1/2cm3s-1. At 298 K, the ν'=0 and 2 values are within 5% of the laboratory values, but for ν'=1 the value is 40% larger than the laboratory value. The effective quantum yield of O(1S) by N2(A)+O is found to be 0.47+/-0.17. The observations support a photoelectron cross section for O(1S) that is consistent with laboratory measurements, but about 2.0 times larger than theoretical calculations.

  10. Molecular diodes and ultra-thin organic rectifying junctions: Au-S-CnH2n-Q3CNQ and TCNQ derivatives.

    PubMed

    Ashwell, Geoffrey J; Moczko, Katarzyna; Sujka, Marta; Chwialkowska, Anna; Hermann High, L R; Sandman, Daniel J

    2007-02-28

    Attempts to obtain derivatives of the molecular diode, 2-{4-[1-cyano-2-(1-(omega-acetylsulfanylalkyl)-1H-quinolin-4-ylidene)-ethylidene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-malonitrile [1, CH(3)CO-S-C(n)H(2n)-Q3CNQ], from either 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TCNQF(4)) or 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-7,7,8,8-tetracyano-p-quinodimethane (TMTCNQ) result in ring closure via the cyano group of the pi-bridge and yield di-substituted analogues: 2-{2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-[6-(10-acetylsulfanyldecyl)-3-(1-(10-acetylsulfanyldecyl)-1H-quinolin-4-ylidenemethyl)-6H-benzo[f][1,7]naphthyridin-2-ylidene]-cyclohexa-2,5-dienylidene}-malonitrile (2a) and the 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl derivative (2b). Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of these donor-(pi-bridge)-acceptor molecular diodes exhibit asymmetric current-voltage characteristics with electron flow at forward bias from the top contact to surface C(CN)(2) groups. Comparison is made with I-V curves from ultra-thin films of an organic rectifying junction in which TCNQ(-) is electron-donating and a donor-(sigma-bridge)-acceptor diode in which TCNQ degrees is electron-accepting.

  11. Formation of simple nitrogen hydrides NH and NH2 at cryogenic temperatures through N + NH3→ NH + NH2 reaction: dark cloud chemistry of nitrogen.

    PubMed

    Nourry, Sendres; Krim, Lahouari

    2016-07-21

    Although NH3 molecules interacting with ground state nitrogen atoms N((4)S) seem not to be a very reactive system without providing additional energy to initiate the chemical process, we show through this study that, in the solid phase, at very low temperature, NH3 + N((4)S) reaction leads to the formation of the amidogen radical NH2. Such a dissociation reaction previously thought to occur exclusively through UV photon or energetic particle irradiation is in this work readily occurring just by stimulating the mobility of N((4)S)-atoms in the 3-10 K temperature range in the solid sample. The N((4)S)-N((4)S) recombination may be the source of metastable molecular nitrogen N2(A), a reactive species which might trigger the NH3 dissociation or react with ground state nitrogen atoms N((4)S) to form excited nitrogen atoms N((4)P/(2)D) through energy transfer processes. Based on our obtained results, it is possible to propose reaction pathways to explain the NH2 radical formation which is the first step in the activation of stable species such as NH3, a chemical induction process that, in addition to playing an important role in the origin of molecular complexity in interstellar space, is known to require external energy supplies to occur in the gas phase.

  12. N-(3-Chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)-4-meth­oxy­benzene­sulfonamide

    PubMed Central

    Chicha, Hakima; Rakib, El Mostapha; Bouissane, Latifa; Saadi, Mohamed; El Ammari, Lahcen

    2013-01-01

    In the title compound, C14H12ClN3O3S, the fused five- and six-membered rings are folded slightly along the common edge, forming a dihedral angle of 3.2 (1)°. The mean plane through the indazole system makes a dihedral angle of 30.75 (7)° with the distant benzene ring. In the crystal, N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds link the mol­ecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (001). PMID:24454078

  13. Automatic patient alignment system using 3D ultrasound.

    PubMed

    Kaar, Marcus; Figl, Michael; Hoffmann, Rainer; Birkfellner, Wolfgang; Stock, Markus; Georg, Dietmar; Goldner, Gregor; Hummel, Johann

    2013-04-01

    Recent developments in radiation therapy such as intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) or dose painting promise to provide better dose distribution on the tumor. For effective application of these methods the exact positioning of the patient and the localization of the irradiated organ and surrounding structures is crucial. Especially with respect to the treatment of the prostate, ultrasound (US) allows for differentiation between soft tissue and was therefore applied by various repositioning systems, such as BAT or Clarity. The authors built a new system which uses 3D US at both sites, the CT room and the intervention room and applied a 3D/3D US/US registration for automatic repositioning. In a first step the authors applied image preprocessing methods to prepare the US images for an optimal registration process. For the 3D/3D registration procedure five different metrics were evaluated. To find the image metric which fits best for a particular patient three 3D US images were taken at the CT site and registered to each other. From these results an US registration error was calculated. The most successful image metric was then applied for the US/US registration process. The success of the whole repositioning method was assessed by taking the results of an ExacTrac system as golden standard. The US/US registration error was found to be 2.99 ± 1.54 mm with respect to the mutual information metric by Mattes (eleven patients) which revealed to be the most suitable of the assessed metrics. For complete repositioning chain the error amounted to 4.15 ± 1.20 mm (ten patients). The authors developed a system for patient repositioning which works automatically without the necessity of user interaction with an accuracy which seems to be suitable for clinical application.

  14. N-Picolyl Derivatives of Kemp’s Triamine as Potential Antitumor Agents: A Preliminary Investigation

    PubMed Central

    Regino, Celeste Aida S.; Torti, Suzy V.; Ma, Rong; Yap, Glenn P.A.; Kreisel, Kevin A.; Torti, Frank M.; Planalp, Roy P.; Brechbiel, Martin W.

    2008-01-01

    Pre-organized tripodal ligands such as the N-picolyl derivatives of cis,cis-1,3,5-triamino-cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (Kemp’s triamine) were prepared as analogs to N,N’,N”- tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocyclohexane (tachpyr) in hopes of enhancing the rate of formation and stability of the metal complexes. A tricyclic bisaminal was formed via the reduction of the Schiff base while the tri(picolyl) derivative was synthesized via reductive amination of pyridine carboxaldehyde. Their cytotoxicities to the HeLa cell line were evaluated and directly compared to tachpyr and N,N’,N”- tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (trenpyr). Results indicate that N,N’,N”-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)-cis,cis-1,3,5-triamino-cis,cis-1,3,5-trimethylcyclohexane (Kemp’s pyr) exhibits cytotoxic activity against the HeLa cancer cell line comparable to tachpyr (IC50 ~ 8.0 µM). Both Kemp’s pyr and tachpyr show higher cytotoxic activity over the aliphatic analogue of trenpyr (IC50 ~ 14 µM) suggesting that the major contributor to the activity is the ligand’s ability to form a stable and tight complex and that the equatorial/axial equilibrium impacting the complex formation for the cyclohexane-based ligands is not significant. PMID:16335923

  15. F-theory and AdS3/CFT2 (2, 0)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Couzens, Christopher; Martelli, Dario; Schäfer-Nameki, Sakura

    2018-06-01

    We continue to develop the program initiated in [1] of studying supersymmetric AdS3 backgrounds of F-theory and their holographic dual 2d superconformal field theories, which are dimensional reductions of theories with varying coupling. Imposing 2d N=(0,2) supersymmetry,wederivethegeneralconditionsonthegeometryforTypeIIB AdS3 solutions with varying axio-dilaton and five-form flux. Locally the compact part of spacetime takes the form of a circle fibration over an eight-fold Y_8^{τ } , which is elliptically fibered over a base \\tilde{M}_6 . We construct two classes of solutions given in terms of a product ansatz \\tilde{M}_6}=Σ × {M}_4 , where Σ is a complex curve and \\tilde{M}_4 is locally a Kähler surface. In the first class \\tilde{M}_4 is globally a Kähler surface and we take the elliptic fibration to vary non-trivially over either of these two factors, where in both cases the metrics on the total space of the elliptic fibrations are not Ricci-flat. In the second class the metric on the total space of the elliptic fibration over either curve or surface are Ricci-flat. This results in solutions of the type AdS3 × K3 × ℳ 5 τ , dual to 2d (0, 2) SCFTs, and AdS3 × S 3/Γ × CY 3, dual to 2d (0, 4) SCFTs, respectively. In all cases we compute the charges for the dual field theories with varying coupling and find agreement with the holographic results. We also show that solutions with enhanced 2d N=(2,2) supersymmetry must have constant axio-dilaton. Allowing the internal geometry to be non-compact leads to the most general class of Type IIB AdS5 solutions with varying axio-dilaton, i.e. F-theoretic solutions, that are dual to 4d N=1 SCFTs.

  16. One-pot tandem Ugi-4CR/S(N)Ar approach to highly functionalized quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepines.

    PubMed

    Ghandi, Mehdi; Zarezadeh, Nahid; Abbasi, Alireza

    2016-05-01

    We have developed a convenient and facile method for the synthesis of functionalized diverse quino[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepines. These new compounds were synthesized through a one-pot sequential Ugi-4CR/base-free intramolecular aromatic nucleophilic substitution (S(N)Ar) reaction in moderate to good yields from readily available starting materials. Structural confirmation of the products is confirmed by analytical data and X-ray crystallography.

  17. Y(nS) polarizations versus particle multiplicity in pp collisions at s = 7  TeV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Khachatryan, Vardan

    The polarizations of the Y(1S), Y(2S), and Y(3S) mesons are measured as a function of the charged particle multiplicity in proton-proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV. The measurements are performed with a dimuon data sample collected in 2011 by the CMS experiment, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.9 fb –1. The results are extracted from the dimuon decay angular distributions, in two ranges of Y(nS) transverse momentum (10-15 and 15-35 GeV), and in the rapidity interval |y| < 1.2. Furthermore, the results do not show significant changes from low- to high-multiplicity pp collisions, although large uncertainties preclude definitemore » statements in the Y(2S) and Y(3S) cases.« less

  18. Negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy of solvated electron cluster anions, (H2O){/n -} and (NH3){/n -}

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, G. H.; Arnold, S. T.; Eaton, J. G.; Sarkas, H. W.; Bowen, K. H.; Ludewigt, C.; Haberland, H.

    1991-03-01

    The photodetachment spectra of (H2O){/n =2-69/-} and (NH3){/n =41-1100/-} have been recorded, and vertical detachment energies (VDEs) were obtained from the spectra. For both systems, the cluster anion VDEs increase smoothly with increasing sizes and most species plot linearly with n -1/3, extrapolating to a VDE ( n=∞) value which is very close to the photoelectric threshold energy for the corresponding condensed phase solvated electron system. The linear extrapolation of this data to the analogous condensed phase property suggests that these cluster anions are gas phase counterparts to solvated electrons, i.e. they are embryonic forms of hydrated and ammoniated electrons which mature with increasing cluster size toward condensed phase solvated electrons.

  19. The AdS3 propagator and the fate of locality

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Hongbin; Fitzpatrick, A. Liam; Kaplan, Jared; Li, Daliang

    2018-04-01

    We recently used Virasoro symmetry considerations to propose an exact formula for a bulk proto-field ϕ in AdS3. In this paper we study the propagator < ϕϕ>. We show that many techniques from the study of conformal blocks can be generalized to compute it, including the semiclassical monodromy method and both forms of the Zamolodchikov recursion relations. When the results from recursion are expanded at large central charge, they match gravitational perturbation theory for a free scalar field coupled to gravity in our chosen gauge. We find that although the propagator is finite and well-defined at long distances, its perturbative expansion in {G}_N=3/2c exhibits UV/IR mixing effects. If we nevertheless interpret < ϕϕ> as a probe of bulk locality, then when {G}_{N{m}_{φ }}≪ 1 locality breaks down at the new short-distance scale {σ}_{\\ast}˜ √[4]{G_N{R}_{AdS}^3} . For ϕ with very large bulk mass, or at small central charge, bulk locality fails at the AdS length scale. In all cases, locality `breakdown' manifests as singularities or branch cuts at spacelike separation arising from non-perturbative quantum gravitational effects.

  20. 36 CFR 1229.3 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... ADMINISTRATION RECORDS MANAGEMENT EMERGENCY AUTHORIZATION TO DESTROY RECORDS § 1229.3 What definitions apply to this part? See § 1220.18 of this subchapter for definitions of terms used in part 1229. ... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to...