Sample records for nanomaterial base tife

  1. Thermosphere-Ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) Layers and Their Coupling with Geomagnetic Storms and Solar Wind

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, X.; Xu, Z.; Zhao, J.; Yu, Z.; Knipp, D. J.; Kilcommons, L. M.; Chen, C.; Fong, W.; Barry, I. F.; Hartinger, M.

    2016-12-01

    The discovery of thermospheric neutral Fe layers by lidar observations in Antarctica has opened a new door to explore the space-atmosphere interactions with ground-based instruments, especially in the least understood but crucially important altitude range of 100-200 km. These neutral metal layers provide excellent tracers for modern resonance lidars to measure the neutral wind and temperature directly, complementing the radar measurements of the ionosphere and the magnetometer measurements of the geomagnetic field. Even more exciting, the neutral metal layers in the thermosphere provide a natural laboratory to test our fundamental understandings of the atmosphere-ionosphere-magnetosphere (AIM) coupling and processes. The stunning Fe layer event on 28 May 2011 with clear gravity wave signatures has been simulated successfully with the University of Colorado Thermosphere-Ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model, confirming the theoretical hypothesis that such thermospheric Fe layers are produced through the neutralization of converged Fe+layers. Over 5.5 years of lidar observations at McMurdo have revealed many more cases with variety of patterns - besides the `gravity wave' patterns, there are `diffusive' patterns with both upward and downward phase progressions of Fe layers, and `superposition' patterns with both gravity wave signature and diffusive background. Surprisingly, these Fe layer events exhibit close correlations with geomagnetic storms. They also correspond to remarkable activity of extreme solar wind events, e.g., high-speed stream (HSS) and coronal mass ejection (CME), etc. This paper conducts a systematic investigation of the coupling among TIFe layers, geomagnetic storms, solar wind and IMF via combining ground-based lidar, magnetometer, and SuperDARN data with DMSP, ACE and WIND satellite data along with the TIFe model simulations. We aim to quantitatively determine the relationship between TIFe and magnetic storms, and explore the mechanisms responsible for

  2. Colloidal nanomaterial-based immunoassay.

    PubMed

    Teste, Bruno; Descroix, Stephanie

    2012-06-01

    Nanomaterials have been widely developed for their use in nanomedicine, especially for immunoassay-based diagnosis. In this review we focus on the use of nanomaterials as a nanoplatform for colloidal immunoassays. While conventional heterogeneous immunoassays suffer from mass transfer limitations and consequently long assay time, colloidal immunosupports allow target capture in the entire volume, thus speeding up reaction kinetics and shortening assay time. Owing to their wide range of chemical and physical properties, nanomaterials are an interesting candidate for immunoassay development. The most popular colloidal nanomaterials for colloidal immunoassays will be discussed, as well as their influence on immune reactions. Recent advances in nanomaterial applications for different formats of immunoassays will be reported, such as nanomaterial-based indirect immunoassays, optical-based agglutination immunoassays, resonance energy transfer-based immunoassays and magnetic relaxation-based immunoassays. Finally, the future of using nanomaterials for homogeneous immunoassays dedicated to clinical diagnosis will be discussed.

  3. Formation mechanisms of neutral Fe layers in the thermosphere at Antarctica studied with a thermosphere-ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chu, Xinzhao; Yu, Zhibin

    2017-06-01

    With a thermosphere-ionosphere Fe/Fe+ (TIFe) model developed from first principles at the University of Colorado, we present the first quantitative investigation of formation mechanisms of thermospheric Fe layers observed by lidar in Antarctica. These recently discovered neutral metal layers in the thermosphere between 100 and 200 km provide unique tracers for studies of fundamental processes in the space-atmosphere interaction region. The TIFe model formulates and expands the TIFe theory originally proposed by Chu et al. that the thermospheric Fe layers are produced through the neutralization of converged Fe+ layers. Through testing mechanisms and reproducing the 28 May 2011 event at McMurdo, we conceive the lifecycle of meteoric metals via deposition, transport, chemistry, and wave dynamics for thermospheric Fe layers with gravity wave signatures. While the meteor injection of iron species is negligible above 120 km, the polar electric field transports metallic ions Fe+ upward from their main deposition region into the E-F regions, providing the major source of Fe+ (and accordingly Fe) in the thermosphere. Atmospheric wave-induced vertical shears of vertical and horizontal winds converge Fe+ to form dense Fe+ layers. Direct electron-Fe+ recombination is the major channel to neutralize Fe+ layers to form Fe above 120 km. Fe layer shapes are determined by multiple factors of neutral winds, electric field, and aurora activity. Gravity-wave-induced vertical wind plays a key role in forming gravity-wave-shaped Fe layers. Aurora particle precipitation enhances Fe+ neutralization by increasing electron density while accelerating Fe loss via charge transfer with enhanced NO+ and O2+ densities.Plain Language SummaryThe discoveries of neutral metal layers reaching near 200 km in the thermosphere have significant scientific merit because such discoveries challenge the current understandings of upper atmospheric composition</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123p1411S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JAP...123p1411S"><span>Microwave assisted scalable synthesis of titanium ferrite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shukla, Abhishek; Bhardwaj, Abhishek K.; Singh, S. C.; Uttam, K. N.; Gautam, Nisha; Himanshu, A. K.; Shah, Jyoti; Kotnala, R. K.; Gopal, R.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Titanium ferrite magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are synthesized by one-step, one pot, and scalable method assisted by microwave radiation. Effects of titanium content and microwave exposure time on size, shape, morphology, yield, bonding nature, crystalline structure, and magnetic properties of titanium ferrite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are studied. As-synthesized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-Vis), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and vibrating sample magnetometer measurements. XRD measurements depict the presence of two phases of titanium ferrite into the same sample, where crystallite size increases from ˜33 nm to 37 nm with the increase in titanium concentration. UV-Vis measurement showed broad spectrum in the spectral range of 250-600 nm which reveals that its characteristic peaks lie between ultraviolet and visible region; ATR-FTIR and Raman measurements predict iron-titanium oxide structures that are consistent with XRD results. The micrographs of TEM and selected area electron diffraction patterns show formation of hexagonal shaped particles with a high degree of crystallinity and presence of multi-phase. Energy dispersive spectroscopy measurements confirm that <span class="hlt">Ti:Fe</span> compositional mass ratio can be controlled by tuning synthesis conditions. Increase of Ti defects into titanium ferrite lattice, either by increasing titanium precursor or by increasing exposure time, enhances its magnetic properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194367','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29194367"><span>Safety Aspects of Bio-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Catalán, Julia; Norppa, Hannu</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Moving towards a bio-<span class="hlt">based</span> and circular economy implies a major focus on the responsible and sustainable utilization of bio-resources. The emergence of nanotechnology has opened multiple possibilities, not only in the existing industrial sectors, but also for completely novel applications of nanoscale bio-materials, the commercial exploitation of which has only begun during the last few years. Bio-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials are often assumed not to be toxic. However, this pre-assumption is not necessarily true. Here, we provide a short overview on health and environmental aspects associated with bio-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and on the relevant regulatory requirements. We also discuss testing strategies that may be used for screening purposes at pre-commercial stages. Although the tests presently used to reveal hazards are still evolving, regarding modifi-cations required for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, their application is needed before the upscaling or commercialization of bio-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, to ensure the market potential of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is not delayed by uncertainties about safety issues.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........45S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........45S"><span>Reinforcement of cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> matrices with graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sadiq, Muhammad Maqbool</p> <p></p> <p>Cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials offer a desirable balance of compressive strength, moisture resistance, durability, economy and energy-efficiency; their tensile strength, fracture energy and durability in aggressive environments, however, could benefit from further improvements. An option for realizing some of these improvements involves introduction of discrete fibers into concrete. When compared with today's micro-scale (steel, polypropylene, glass, etc.) fibers, graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (carbon nanotube, nanofiber and graphite nanoplatelet) offer superior geometric, mechanical and physical characteristics. Graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> would realize their reinforcement potential as far as they are thoroughly dispersed within cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> matrices, and effectively bond to cement hydrates. The research reported herein developed non-covalent and covalent surface modification techniques to improve the dispersion and interfacial interactions of graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> matrices with a dense and well graded micro-structure. The most successful approach involved polymer wrapping of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for increasing the density of hydrophilic groups on the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> surface without causing any damage to the their structure. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were characterized using various spectrometry techniques, and SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy). The graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were dispersed via selected sonication procedures in the mixing water of the cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> matrix; conventional mixing and sample preparation techniques were then employed to prepare the cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposite samples, which were subjected to steam curing. Comprehensive engineering and durability characteristics of cement-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites were determined and their chemical composition, microstructure and failure mechanisms were also assessed through various spectrometry, thermogravimetry, electron microscopy and elemental analyses. Both functionalized and non-functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as well as different</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961518','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25961518"><span>Nano-QSPR Modelling of Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Properties.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salahinejad, Maryam</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Evaluation of chemical and physical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is of critical importance in a broad variety of nanotechnology researches. There is an increasing interest in computational methods capable of predicting properties of new and modified <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the absence of time-consuming and costly experimental studies. Quantitative Structure- Property Relationship (QSPR) approaches are progressive tools in modelling and prediction of many physicochemical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which are also known as nano-QSPR. This review provides insight into the concepts, challenges and applications of QSPR modelling of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. First, we try to provide a general overview of QSPR implications, by focusing on the difficulties and limitations on each step of the QSPR modelling of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Then follows with the most significant achievements of QSPR methods in modelling of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> properties and their recent applications to generate predictive models. This review specifically addresses the QSPR modelling of physicochemical properties of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including fullerenes, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT), multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) and graphene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26707820','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26707820"><span>Biological interactions of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: From coronation to degradation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bhattacharya, Kunal; Mukherjee, Sourav P; Gallud, Audrey; Burkert, Seth C; Bistarelli, Silvia; Bellucci, Stefano; Bottini, Massimo; Star, Alexander; Fadeel, Bengt</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, fullerenes and nanodiamonds are potential candidates for various applications in medicine such as drug delivery and imaging. However, the successful translation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications is predicated on a detailed understanding of the biological interactions of these materials. Indeed, the potential impact of the so-called bio-corona of proteins, lipids, and other biomolecules on the fate of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the body should not be ignored. Enzymatic degradation of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by immune-competent cells serves as a special case of bio-corona interactions with important implications for the medical use of such <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In the present review, we highlight emerging biomedical applications of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also discuss recent studies on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> 'coronation' and how this impacts on biodistribution and targeting along with studies on the enzymatic degradation of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and the role of surface modification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for these biological interactions. Advances in technology have produced many carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These are increasingly being investigated for the use in diagnostics and therapeutics. Nonetheless, there remains a knowledge gap in terms of the understanding of the biological interactions of these materials. In this paper, the authors provided a comprehensive review on the recent biomedical applications and the interactions of various carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28902985','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28902985"><span>Cellulose-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Energy Applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Xudong; Yao, Chunhua; Wang, Fei; Li, Zhaodong</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Cellulose is the most abundant natural polymer on earth, providing a sustainable green resource that is renewable, degradable, biocompatible, and cost effective. Recently, nanocellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> mesoporous structures, flexible thin films, fibers, and networks are increasingly developed and used in photovoltaic devices, energy storage systems, mechanical energy harvesters, and catalysts components, showing tremendous materials science value and application potential in many energy-related fields. In this Review, the most recent advancements of processing, integration, and application of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the areas of solar energy harvesting, energy storage, and mechanical energy harvesting are reviewed. For solar energy harvesting, promising applications of cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanostructures for both solar cells and photoelectrochemical electrodes development are reviewed, and their morphology-related merits are discussed. For energy storage, the discussion is primarily focused on the applications of cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in lithium-ion batteries, including electrodes (e.g., active materials, binders, and structural support), electrolytes, and separators. Applications of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in supercapacitors are also reviewed briefly. For mechanical energy harvesting, the most recent technology evolution in cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> triboelectric nanogenerators is reviewed, from fundamental property tuning to practical implementations. At last, the future research potential and opportunities of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as a new energy material are discussed. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28869750','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28869750"><span>Thermoelectric performance and the role of anti-site disorder in the 24-electron Heusler <span class="hlt">TiFe</span>2Sn.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Buffon, Malinda L C; Laurita, Geneva; Lamontagne, Leo; Levin, Emily E; Mooraj, Shahryar; Lloyd, Demetrious L; White, Natalie; Pollock, Tresa M; Seshadri, Ram</p> <p>2017-10-11</p> <p>Heusler compounds XY 2 Z with 24 valence electrons per formula unit are potential thermoelectric materials, given their thermal and chemical stability and their relatively earth-abundant constituent elements. We present results on the 24-electron compound <span class="hlt">TiFe</span> 2 Sn here. First principles calculations on this compound suggest semiconducting behavior. A relatively flat conduction band that could be associated with a high Seebeck coefficient upon electron doping is found. A series of compounds have been prepared and characterized using a combination of synchrotron x-ray and neutron diffraction studies to understand the effects of site order/disorder phenomena and n-type doping. Samples fabricated by a three step processing approach were subjected to high temperature Seebeck and electrical resistivity measurements. <span class="hlt">Ti:Fe</span> anti-site disorder is present in the stoichiometric compound and these defects are reduced when starting Ti-rich compositions are employed. Additionally, we investigate control of the Seebeck coefficient through the introduction of carriers through the substitution of Sb on the Sn site in these intrinsically p-type materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25117569','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25117569"><span>Surface engineering of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shi, Sixiang; Chen, Feng; Ehlerding, Emily B; Cai, Weibo</p> <p>2014-09-17</p> <p>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, the biomedical applications of these intriguing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are still limited due to their suboptimal solubility/biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and difficulties in achieving active tumor targeting, just to name a few. In this Topical Review, we will discuss in detail the important role of surface engineering (i.e., bioconjugation) in improving the in vitro/in vivo stability and enriching the functionality of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which can enable single/multimodality imaging (e.g., optical imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and drug/gene delivery) of cancer. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed and we believe that graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are attractive nanoplatforms for a broad array of future biomedical applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269988','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24269988"><span>Synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> X-ray microscopic studies for bioeffects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Ying; Cai, Xiaoqing; Li, Jiang; Zhong, Zengtao; Huang, Qing; Fan, Chunhai</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>There have been increasing interests in studying biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which are nevertheless faced up with many challenges due to the nanoscale dimensions and unique chemical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> X-ray microscopy, an advanced imaging technology with high spatial resolution and excellent elemental specificity, provides a new platform for studying interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and living systems. In this article, we review the recent progress of X-ray microscopic studies on bioeffects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in several living systems including cells, model organisms, animals and plants. We aim to provide an overview of the state of the art, and the advantages of using synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> X-ray microscopy for characterizing in vitro and in vivo behaviors and biodistribution of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also expect that the use of a combination of new synchrotron techniques should offer unprecedented opportunities for better understanding complex interactions at the nano-biological interface and accounting for unique bioeffects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> X-ray microscopy is a non-destructive imaging technique that enables high resolution spatial mapping of metals with elemental level detection methods. This review summarizes the current use and perspectives of this novel technique in studying the biology and tissue interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4166029','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4166029"><span>Surface Engineering of Graphene-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Biomedical Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique electronic, optical, mechanical, and chemical properties. However, the biomedical applications of these intriguing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are still limited due to their suboptimal solubility/biocompatibility, potential toxicity, and difficulties in achieving active tumor targeting, just to name a few. In this Topical Review, we will discuss in detail the important role of surface engineering (i.e., bioconjugation) in improving the in vitro/in vivo stability and enriching the functionality of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which can enable single/multimodality imaging (e.g., optical imaging, positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance imaging) and therapy (e.g., photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and drug/gene delivery) of cancer. Current challenges and future research directions are also discussed and we believe that graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are attractive nanoplatforms for a broad array of future biomedical applications. PMID:25117569</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4299072','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4299072"><span>Current Trends in <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Amperometric Biosensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hayat, Akhtar; Catanante, Gaëlle; Marty, Jean Louis</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The last decade has witnessed an intensive research effort in the field of electrochemical sensors, with a particular focus on the design of amperometric biosensors for diverse analytical applications. In this context, <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> integration in the construction of amperometric biosensors may constitute one of the most exciting approaches. The attractive properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have paved the way for the design of a wide variety of biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on various electrochemical detection methods to enhance the analytical characteristics. However, most of these nanostructured materials are not explored in the design of amperometric biosensors. This review aims to provide insight into the diverse properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that can be possibly explored in the construction of amperometric biosensors. PMID:25494347</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197796','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197796"><span>Copper-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for environmental decontamination - An overview on technical and toxicological aspects.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khalaj, Mohammadreza; Kamali, Mohammadreza; Khodaparast, Zahra; Jahanshahi, Akram</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Synthesis of the various types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has gained a huge attention in recent years for various applications. Copper <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are a branch of this category seem to be able to provide an efficient and cost-effective way for the treatment of the persistent effluents. The present work aimed to study the various parameters may involve in the overall performance of the copper <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for environmental clean-up purposes. To this end, the related characteristics of copper <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their effects on the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> reactivity and the environmental and operating parameters have been critically reviewed. Toxicological study of the copper <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has been also considered as a factor with high importance for the selection of a typical <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> with optimum performance and minimum environmental and health subsequent effects. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14.1029K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14.1029K"><span>Development of risk-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> groups for occupational exposure control</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kuempel, E. D.; Castranova, V.; Geraci, C. L.; Schulte, P. A.</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Given the almost limitless variety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, it will be virtually impossible to assess the possible occupational health hazard of each <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> individually. The development of science-<span class="hlt">based</span> hazard and risk categories for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is needed for decision-making about exposure control practices in the workplace. A possible strategy would be to select representative (benchmark) materials from various mode of action (MOA) classes, evaluate the hazard and develop risk estimates, and then apply a systematic comparison of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with the benchmark materials in the same MOA class. Poorly soluble particles are used here as an example to illustrate quantitative risk assessment methods for possible benchmark particles and occupational exposure control groups, given mode of action and relative toxicity. Linking such benchmark particles to specific exposure control bands would facilitate the translation of health hazard and quantitative risk information to the development of effective exposure control practices in the workplace. A key challenge is obtaining sufficient dose-response data, <span class="hlt">based</span> on standard testing, to systematically evaluate the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' physical-chemical factors influencing their biological activity. Categorization processes involve both science-<span class="hlt">based</span> analyses and default assumptions in the absence of substance-specific information. Utilizing data and information from related materials may facilitate initial determinations of exposure control systems for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288893','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28288893"><span>Redox-responsive theranostic nanoplatforms <span class="hlt">based</span> on inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Lu; Zhang, Xiao-Yong; Wang, Yu-Long; Li, Xi; Yang, Xiao-Hong; Huang, Min; Hu, Kun; Li, Lu-Hai; Wei, Yen</p> <p>2017-08-10</p> <p>Spurred on by advances in materials chemistry and nanotechnology, scientists have developed many novel nanopreparations for cancer diagnosis and therapy. To treat complex malignant tumors effectively, multifunctional nanomedicines with targeting ability, imaging properties and controlled drug release behavior should be designed and exploited. The therapeutic efficiency of loaded drugs can be dramatically improved using redox-responsive nanoplatforms which can sense the differences in the redox status of tumor tissues and healthy ones. Redox-sensitive nanocarriers can be constructed from both organic and inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>; however, at present, drug delivery nanovectors progressively lean towards inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> because of their facile synthesis/modification and their unique physicochemical properties. In this review, we focus specifically on the preparation and application of redox-sensitive nanosystems <span class="hlt">based</span> on mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, magnetic nanoparticles, gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and other inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We discuss relevant examples of redox-sensitive nanosystems in each category. Finally, we discuss current challenges and future strategies from the aspect of material design and practical application. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414078','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29414078"><span>Engineering <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors for food safety detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lv, Man; Liu, Yang; Geng, Jinhui; Kou, Xiaohong; Xin, Zhihong; Yang, Dayong</p> <p>2018-05-30</p> <p>Food safety always remains a grand global challenge to human health, especially in developing countries. To solve food safety pertained problems, numerous strategies have been developed to detect biological and chemical contaminants in food. Among these approaches, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors provide opportunity to realize rapid, sensitive, efficient and portable detection, overcoming the restrictions and limitations of traditional methods such as complicated sample pretreatment, long detection time, and relying on expensive instruments and well-trained personnel. In this review article, we provide a cross-disciplinary perspective to review the progress of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors for the detection of food contaminants. The review article is organized by the category of food contaminants including pathogens/toxins, heavy metals, pesticides, veterinary drugs and illegal additives. In each category of food contaminant, the biosensing strategies are summarized including optical, colorimetric, fluorescent, electrochemical, and immune- biosensors; the relevant analytes, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and biosensors are analyzed comprehensively. Future perspectives and challenges are also discussed briefly. We envision that our review could bridge the gap between the fields of food science and nanotechnology, providing implications for the scientists or engineers in both areas to collaborate and promote the development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors for food safety detection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560817','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23560817"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: multifunctional materials for biomedical engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cha, Chaenyung; Shin, Su Ryon; Annabi, Nasim; Dokmeci, Mehmet R; Khademhosseini, Ali</p> <p>2013-04-23</p> <p>Functional carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CBNs) have become important due to their unique combinations of chemical and physical properties (i.e., thermal and electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and optical properties), and extensive research efforts are being made to utilize these materials for various industrial applications, such as high-strength materials and electronics. These advantageous properties of CBNs are also actively investigated in several areas of biomedical engineering. This Perspective highlights different types of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> currently used in biomedical applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28082239','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28082239"><span>Recent advances in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biosensors for antibiotics detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lan, Lingyi; Yao, Yao; Ping, Jianfeng; Ying, Yibin</p> <p>2017-05-15</p> <p>Antibiotics are able to be accumulated in human body by food chain and may induce severe influence to human health and safety. Hence, the development of sensitive and simple methods for rapid evaluation of antibiotic levels is highly desirable. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> with excellent electronic, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties have been recognized as one of the most promising materials for opening new gates in the development of next-generation biosensors. This review highlights the current advances in the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biosensors for antibiotics detection. Different kinds of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, metal <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, magnetic nanoparticles, up-conversion nanoparticles, and quantum dots have been applied to the construction of biosensors with two main signal-transducing mechanisms, i.e. optical and electrochemical. Furthermore, the current challenges and future prospects in this field are also included to provide an overview for future research directions. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li class="active"><span>1</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_1 --> <div id="page_2" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="21"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=310626&Lab=NERL&keyword=cycles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=310626&Lab=NERL&keyword=cycles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Sunlight-induced Transformations of Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Aquatic Environments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and other related carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) can be released from products during their life cycles. Upon entry into aquatic environments, they are potentially transformed by photochemical reactions, oxidation reactions and biological processes, all ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962774','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22962774"><span>ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> surface acoustic wave ethanol gas sensor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Y; Li, X; Liu, J H; He, Y N; Yu, L M; Liu, W H</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> surface acoustic wave (SAW) gas sensor has been investigated in ethanol environment at room temperature. The ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been prepared through thermal evaporation of high-purity zinc powder. The as-prepared ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. The results indicate that the obtained ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including many types of nanostructures such as nanobelts, nanorods, nanowires as well as nanosheets, are wurtzite with hexagonal structure and well-crystallized. The SAW sensor coated with the nanostructured ZnO materials has been tested in ethanol gas of various concentrations at room temperature. A network analyzer is used to monitor the change of the insertion loss of the SAW sensor when exposed to ethanol gas. The insertion loss of the SAW sensor varies significantly with the change of ethanol concentration. The experimental results manifest that the ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> SAW ethanol gas sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity and good short-term reproducibility at room temperature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26210471','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26210471"><span>Current trends in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> embedded field effect transistor-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nehra, Anuj; Pal Singh, Krishna</p> <p>2015-12-15</p> <p>Recently, as metal-, polymer-, and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> biocompatible <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been increasingly incorporated into biosensing applications, with various nanostructures having been used to increase the efficacy and sensitivity of most of the detecting devices, including field effect transistor (FET)-<span class="hlt">based</span> devices. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> methods also became the ideal for the amalgamation of biomolecules, especially for the fabrication of ultrasensitive, low-cost, and robust FET-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors; these are categorically very successful at binding the target specified entities in the confined gated micro-region for high functionality. Furthermore, the contemplation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> FET biosensors to various applications encompasses the desire for detection of many targets with high selectivity, and specificity. We assess how such devices have empowered the achievement of elevated biosensor performance in terms of high sensitivity, selectivity and low detection limits. We review the recent literature here to illustrate the diversity of FET-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors, <span class="hlt">based</span> on various kinds of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in different applications and sum up that graphene or its assisted composite <span class="hlt">based</span> FET devices are comparatively more efficient and sensitive with highest signal to noise ratio. Lastly, the future prospects and limitations of the field are also discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=336170','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=336170"><span>NaKnow<span class="hlt">Base</span>TM: The EPA <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Research ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The ability to predict the environmental and health implications of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is an important research priority due to the exponential rate at which nanotechnology is being incorporated into consumer, industrial and biomedical applications. To address this need and develop predictive capability, we have created the NaKnowbaseTM, which provides a platform for the curation and dissemination of EPA <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> data to support functional assay development, hazard risk models and informatic analyses. To date, we have combined relevant physicochemical parameters from other organizations (e.g., OECD, NIST), with those requested for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data submitted to EPA under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). Physiochemical characterization data were collated from >400 unique <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including metals, metal oxides, carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> and hybrid materials evaluated or synthesized by EPA researchers. We constructed parameter requirements and table structures for encoding research metadata, including experimental factors and measured response variables. As a proof of concept, we illustrate how SQL-<span class="hlt">based</span> queries facilitate a range of interrogations including, for example, relationships between nanoparticle characteristics and environmental or toxicological endpoints. The views expressed in this poster are those of the authors and may not reflect U.S. EPA policy. The purpose of this submission for clearance is an abstract for submission to a scientific</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160001683','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160001683"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">Based</span> Sensors for NASA Missions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Koehne, Jessica E.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene and metal nanowires have shown interesting electronic properties and therefore have been pursued for a variety of space applications requiring ultrasensitive and light-weight sensor and electronic devices. We have been pursuing development of chemical and biosensors using carbon nanotubes and carbon nanofibers for the last several years and this talk will present the benefits of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> these applications. More recently, printing approaches to manufacturing these devices have been explored as a strategy that is compatible to a microgravity environment. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are either grown in house or purchased and processed as electrical inks. Chemical modification or coatings are added to the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to tailor the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> to the exact application. The development of printed chemical sensors and biosensors will be discussed for applications ranging from crew life support to exploration missions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455914','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5455914"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Electrochemical Immunosensors for Clinically Significant Biomarkers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ronkainen, Niina J.; Okon, Stanley L.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has played a crucial role in the development of biosensors over the past decade. The development, testing, optimization, and validation of new biosensors has become a highly interdisciplinary effort involving experts in chemistry, biology, physics, engineering, and medicine. The sensitivity, the specificity and the reproducibility of biosensors have improved tremendously as a result of incorporating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in their design. In general, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> electrochemical immunosensors amplify the sensitivity by facilitating greater loading of the larger sensing surface with biorecognition molecules as well as improving the electrochemical properties of the transducer. The most common types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their properties will be described. In addition, the utilization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in immunosensors for biomarker detection will be discussed since these biosensors have enormous potential for a myriad of clinical uses. Electrochemical immunosensors provide a specific and simple analytical alternative as evidenced by their brief analysis times, inexpensive instrumentation, lower assay cost as well as good portability and amenability to miniaturization. The role <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> play in biosensors, their ability to improve detection capabilities in low concentration analytes yielding clinically useful data and their impact on other biosensor performance properties will be discussed. Finally, the most common types of electroanalytical detection methods will be briefly touched upon. PMID:28788700</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622273','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21622273"><span>Electrochemical and optical biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures: a review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Ming; Li, Rui; Li, Chang Ming; Wu, Nianqiang</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures exhibit unique size-tunable and shape-dependent physicochemical properties that are different from those of bulk materials. Advances of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures open a new door to develop various novel biosensors. The present work has reviewed the recent progress in electrochemical, surface plasmon resonance (SPR), surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and fluorescent biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures. An emphasis is put on the research that demonstrates how the performance of biosensors such as the limit of detection, sensitivity and selectivity is improved by the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3648999','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3648999"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Multi-Functional Materials for Biomedical Engineering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cha, Chaenyung; Shin, Su Ryon; Annabi, Nasim; Dokmeci, Mehmet R.; Khademhosseini, Ali</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Functional carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CBNs) have become important due to their unique combinations of chemical and physical properties (i.e., thermal and electrical conductivity, high mechanical strength, and optical properties), extensive research efforts are being made to utilize these materials for various industrial applications, such as high-strength materials and electronics. These advantageous properties of CBNs are also actively investigated in several areas of biomedical engineering. This Perspective highlights different types of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> currently used in biomedical applications. PMID:23560817</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1000634-nanomaterial-based-electrochemical-biosensors-bioassays','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1000634-nanomaterial-based-electrochemical-biosensors-bioassays"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Electrochemical Biosensors and Bioassays</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Liu, Guodong; Mao, Xun; Gurung, Anant</p> <p>2010-08-31</p> <p>This book chapter summarizes the recent advance in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for electrochemical biosensors and bioassays. Biofunctionalization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biosensors fabrication and their biomedical applications are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..424....1T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApSS..424....1T"><span>Advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Titus, Elby; Ventura, João; Pedro Araújo, João; Campos Gil, João</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> provide a remarkably novel outlook to the design and fabrication of materials. The know-how of designing, modelling and fabrication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> demands sophisticated experimental and analytical techniques. The major impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be in the fields of electronics, energy and medicine. Nanoelectronics hold the promise of improving the quality of life of electronic devices through superior performance, weight reduction and lower power consumption. New energy production systems <span class="hlt">based</span> on hydrogen, solar and nuclear sources have also benefited immensely from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In modern medicine, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research will have great impact on public health care due to better diagnostic methods and design of novel drugs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28612464','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28612464"><span>Recent Advances in Bismuth-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bhat, Swetha S M; Jang, Ho Won</p> <p>2017-08-10</p> <p>In recent years, bismuth-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have drawn considerable interest as potential candidates for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting owing to their narrow band gaps, nontoxicity, and low costs. The unique electronic structure of bismuth-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials with a well-dispersed valence band comprising Bi 6s and O 2p orbitals offers a suitable band gap to harvest visible light. This Review presents significant advancements in exploiting bismuth-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for solar water splitting. An overview of the different strategies employed and the new ideas adopted to improve the PEC performance of bismuth-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are discussed. Morphology control, the construction of heterojunctions, doping, and co-catalyst loading are several approaches that are implemented to improve the efficiency of solar water splitting. Key issues are identified and guidelines are suggested to rationalize the design of efficient bismuth-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials for sunlight-driven water splitting. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165357','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28165357"><span>Recent Advances in Silicon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Fluorescent Sensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Houyu; He, Yao</p> <p>2017-02-03</p> <p>During the past decades, owing to silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' unique optical properties, benign biocompatibility, and abundant surface chemistry, different dimensional silicon nanostructures have been widely employed for rationally designing and fabricating high-performance fluorescent sensors for the detection of various chemical and biological species. Among of these, zero-dimensional silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and one-dimensional silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are of particular interest. Herein, we focus on reviewing recent advances in silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> fluorescent sensors from a broad perspective and discuss possible future directions. Firstly, we introduce the latest achievement of zero-dimensional SiNP-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors. Next, we present recent advances of one-dimensional SiNW-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors. Finally, we discuss the major challenges and prospects for the development of silicon-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26663877','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26663877"><span>Production of Two-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> via Liquid-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Direct Exfoliation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Niu, Liyong; Coleman, Jonathan N; Zhang, Hua; Shin, Hyeonsuk; Chhowalla, Manish; Zheng, Zijian</p> <p>2016-01-20</p> <p>Tremendous efforts have been devoted to the synthesis and application of two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> due to their extraordinary and unique properties in electronics, photonics, catalysis, etc., upon exfoliation from their bulk counterparts. One of the greatest challenges that scientists are confronted with is how to produce large quantities of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of high quality in a commercially viable way. This review summarizes the state-of-the-art of the production of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using liquid-<span class="hlt">based</span> direct exfoliation (LBE), a very promising and highly scalable wet approach for synthesizing high quality 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in mild conditions. LBE is a collection of methods that directly exfoliates bulk layered materials into thin flakes of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in liquid media without any, or with a minimum degree of, chemical reactions, so as to maintain the high crystallinity of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Different synthetic methods are categorized in the following, in which material characteristics including dispersion concentration, flake thickness, flake size and some applications are discussed in detail. At the end, we provide an overview of the advantages and disadvantages of such synthetic methods of LBE and propose future perspectives. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24074389','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24074389"><span>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for nanobiotechnology and biomedical applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krishna, K Vijaya; Ménard-Moyon, Cécilia; Verma, Sandeep; Bianco, Alberto</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Graphene family <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are currently being extensively explored for applications in the field of nanotechnology. The unique intrinsic properties treasured in their simple molecular design and their ability to work in coherence with other existing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> make graphene family <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> the most promising candidates for different types of applications. This review highlights the scope and utility of these multifaceted <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in nanobiotechnology and biomedicine. In a tandem approach, this review presents the smooth inclusion of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into existing designs for creating efficient working models at the nanoscale level as well as discussing their broad future possibilities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27818056','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27818056"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials-based</span> enzyme electrochemical biosensors operating through inhibition for biosensing applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kurbanoglu, Sevinc; Ozkan, Sibel A; Merkoçi, Arben</p> <p>2017-03-15</p> <p>In recent years great progress has been made in applying <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to design novel biosensors. Use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offers to biosensing platforms exceptional optical, electronic and magnetic properties. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can increase the surface of the transducing area of the sensors that in turn bring an increase in catalytic behaviors. They have large surface-to-volume ratio, controlled morphology and structure that also favor miniaturization, an interesting advantage when the sample volume is a critical issue. Biosensors have great potential for achieving detect-to-protect devices: devices that can be used in detections of pollutants and other treating compounds/analytes (drugs) protecting citizens' life. After a long term focused scientific and financial efforts/supports biosensors are expected now to fulfill their promise such as being able to perform sampling and analysis of complex samples with interest for clinical or environment fields. Among all types of biosensors, enzymatic biosensors, the most explored biosensing devices, have an interesting property, the inherent inhibition phenomena given the enzyme-substrate complex formation. The exploration of such phenomena is making remarkably important their application as research and applied tools in diagnostics. Different inhibition biosensor systems <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> modification has been proposed and applied. The role of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in inhibition-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors for the analyses of different groups of drugs as well as contaminants such as pesticides, phenolic compounds and others, are discussed in this review. This deep analysis of inhibition-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors that employ <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will serve researchers as a guideline for further improvements and approaching of these devices to real sample applications so as to reach society needs and such biosensor market demands. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787955','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27787955"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors for detection of microorganisms and microbial toxins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sutarlie, Laura; Ow, Sian Yang; Su, Xiaodi</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Detection of microorganisms and microbial toxins is important for health and safety. Due to their unique physical and chemical properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been extensively used to develop biosensors for rapid detection of microorganisms with microbial cells and toxins as target analytes. In this paper, the design principles of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> biosensors for four selected analyte categories (bacteria cells, toxins, mycotoxins, and protozoa cells), closely associated with the target analytes' properties is reviewed. Five signal transducing methods that are less equipment intensive (colorimetric, fluorimetric, surface enhanced Raman scattering, electrochemical, and magnetic relaxometry methods) is described and compared for their sensory performance (in term oflimit of detection, dynamic range, and response time) for all analyte categories. In the end, the suitability of these five sensing principles for on-site or field applications is discussed. With a comprehensive coverage of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, design principles, sensing principles, and assessment on the sensory performance and suitability for on-site application, this review offers valuable insight and perspective for designing suitable <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> microorganism biosensors for a given application. Copyright © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615947','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24615947"><span>25th anniversary article: hybrid nanostructures <span class="hlt">based</span> on two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Xiao; Tan, Chaoliang; Yin, Zongyou; Zhang, Hua</p> <p>2014-04-09</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), receive a lot of attention, because of their intriguing properties and wide applications in catalysis, energy-storage devices, electronics, optoelectronics, and so on. To further enhance the performance of their application, these 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are hybridized with other functional nanostructures. In this review, the latest studies of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> hybrid nanostructures are discussed, focusing on their preparation methods, properties, and applications. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=296410&keyword=graphene&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=296410&keyword=graphene&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Parameterizing water quality analysis and simulation program (WASP) for carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphenes are among the most popular carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> due to their unique electronic, mechanic and structural properties. Exposure modeling of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the aquatic environment is necessary to predict the fate of these materials. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25261843','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25261843"><span>Recent advances in aptasensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on graphene and graphene-like <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ping, Jianfeng; Zhou, Yubin; Wu, Yuanyuan; Papper, Vladislav; Boujday, Souhir; Marks, Robert S; Steele, Terry W J</p> <p>2015-02-15</p> <p>Graphene and graphene-like two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have aroused tremendous research interest in recent years due to their unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties associated with their planar structure. Aptamers have exhibited many advantages as molecular recognition elements for sensing devices compared to traditional antibodies. The marriage of two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and aptamers has emerged many ingenious aptasensing strategies for applications in the fields of clinical diagnosis and food safety. This review highlights current advances in the development and application of two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> aptasensors with the focus on two main signal-transducing mechanisms, i.e. electrochemical and optical. A special attention is paid to graphene, a one-atom thick layer of graphite with exceptional properties, representing a fastgrowing field of research. In view of the unique properties of two-dimensional nanostructures and their inherent advantages of synthetic aptamers, we expect that high-performance two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> aptasensing devices will find extensive applications in environmental monitoring, biomedical diagnostics, and food safety. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847843','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26847843"><span>Hybrid 2D-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> electrochemical immunosensing strategies for clinical biomarkers determination.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Campuzano, S; Pedrero, M; Nikoleli, G-P; Pingarrón, J M; Nikolelis, D P</p> <p>2017-03-15</p> <p>Owing to the outstanding conductivity and biocompatibility as well as numerous other fascinating properties of two-dimensional (2D)-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, 2D-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanohybrids have shown unparalleled superiorities in the field of electrochemical biosensors. This review highlights latest advances in electrochemical immunosensors for clinical biomarkers <span class="hlt">based</span> on different hybrid 2D-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Particular attention will be given to hybrid nanostructures involving graphene and other graphene-like 2D-layered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (GLNs). Several recent strategies for using such 2D-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> heterostructures in the development of modern immunosensors, both for tagging or modifying electrode transducers, are summarized and discussed. These hybrid nanocomposites, quite superior than their rival materials, will undoubtedly have an important impact within the near future and not only in clinical areas. Current challenges and future perspectives in this rapidly growing field are also outlined. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3088727','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3088727"><span>Recent Applications of Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Analytical Chemistry: Critical Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Scida, Karen; Stege, Patricia W.; Haby, Gabrielle; Messina, Germán A.; García, Carlos D.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the advantages and limitations of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with respect to analytical chemistry. Aiming to illustrate the impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the development of novel analytical applications, developments reported in the 2005–2010 period have been included and divided into sample preparation, separation, and detection. Within each section, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials will be addressed specifically. Although only briefly discussed, included is a section highlighting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with interesting catalytic properties that can be used in the design of future devices for analytical chemistry. PMID:21458626</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377660','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26377660"><span>Glucose Sensors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Core@Shell Magnetic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Their Application in Diabetes Management: A Review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Lin; Lv, Hongying; Teng, Zhenyuan; Wang, Chengyin; Wang, Guoxiu</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This review presents a comprehensive attempt to conclude and discuss various glucose biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on core@shell magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Owing to good biocompatibility and stability, the core@shell magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have found widespread applications in many fields and draw extensive attention. Most magnetic nanoparticles possess an intrinsic enzyme mimetic activity like natural peroxidases, which invests magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with great potential in the construction of glucose sensors. We summarize the synthesis of core@shell magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, fundamental theory of glucose sensor and the advances in glucose sensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on core@shell magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The aim of the review is to provide an overview of the exploitation of the core@shell magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for glucose sensors construction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22121112','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22121112"><span>Chemical approaches toward graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in energy-related areas.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Luo, Bin; Liu, Shaomin; Zhi, Linjie</p> <p>2012-03-12</p> <p>A 'gold rush' has been triggered all over the world for exploiting the possible applications of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. For this purpose, two important problems have to be solved; one is the preparation of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with well-defined structures, and the other is the controllable fabrication of these materials into functional devices. This review gives a brief overview of the recent research concerning chemical and thermal approaches toward the production of well-defined graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in energy-related areas, including solar cells, lithium ion secondary batteries, supercapacitors, and catalysis. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........80G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT........80G"><span>Shape-engineering substrate-<span class="hlt">based</span> plasmonic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gilroy, Kyle D.</p> <p></p> <p>The advancement of next generation technologies is reliant on our ability to engineer matter at the nanoscale. Since the morphological features of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> dictate their chemical and physical properties, a significant effort has been put forth to develop syntheses aimed at fine tuning their size, shape and composition. This massive effort has resulted in a maturing colloidal chemistry containing an extensive collection of morphologies with compositions nearly spanning the entire transition of the periodic table. While colloidal nanoparticles have opened the door to promising applications in fields such as cancer theranostics, drug delivery, catalysis and sensing; the synthetic protocols for the placement of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on surfaces, a requisite for chip-<span class="hlt">based</span> devices, are ill-developed. This dissertation serves to address this limitation by highlighting a series of syntheses related to the design of substrate-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles whose size, shape and composition are controllably engineered to a desired endpoint. The experimental methods are <span class="hlt">based</span> on a template-mediated approach which sees chemical modifications made to prepositioned thermally assembled metal nanostructures which are well bonded to a sapphire substrate. The first series of investigations will highlight synthetic routes utilizing galvanic replacement reactions, where the prepositioned templates are chemically transformed into hollow nanoshells. Detailed studies are provided highlighting discoveries related to (i) hollowing, (ii) defect transfer, (iii) strain induction, (iv) interdiffusion, (v) crystal structure and (vi) the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR). The second series of investigations, <span class="hlt">based</span> on heterogeneous nucleation, have Au templates serve as nucleation sites for metal atoms arriving in either the solution- or vapor phase. The solution-phase heterogeneous nucleation of Ag on Au reveals that chemical kinetics (injection rate & precursor concentration) can be used to control</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3705540','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3705540"><span>Developments and Applications of Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence Sensors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Micro- and <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hazelton, Sandra G.; Zheng, Xingwang; Zhao, Julia Xiaojun; Pierce, David T.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>A variety of recent developments and applications of electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) for sensors are described. While tris(2,2′-bipyridyl)-ruthenium(II) and luminol have dominated and continue to pervade the field of ECL-<span class="hlt">based</span> sensors, recent work has focused on use of these lumophores with micro- and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. It has also extended to inherently luminescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as quantum dots. Sensor configurations including microelectrode arrays and microfluidics are reviewed and, with the recent trend toward increased use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, special attention has been given to sensors which include thin films, nanoparticles and nanotubes. Applications of ECL labels and examples of label-free sensing that incorporate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are also discussed. PMID:27873850</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28431363','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28431363"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical sensors for arsenic - A review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kempahanumakkagari, Sureshkumar; Deep, Akash; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Kumar Kailasa, Suresh; Yoon, Hye-On</p> <p>2017-09-15</p> <p>The existence of arsenic in the environment poses severe global health threats. Considering its toxicity, the sensing of arsenic is extremely important. Due to the complexity of environmental and biological samples, many of the available detection methods for arsenic have serious limitations on selectivity and sensitivity. To improve sensitivity and selectivity and to circumvent interferences, different electrode systems have been developed <span class="hlt">based</span> on surface modification with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), metal nanotubes (MNTs), and even enzymes. Despite the progress made in electrochemical sensing of arsenic, some issues still need to be addressed to realize cost effective, portable, and flow-injection type sensor systems. The present review provides an in-depth evaluation of the nanoparticle-modified electrode (NME) <span class="hlt">based</span> methods for the electrochemical sensing of arsenic. NME <span class="hlt">based</span> sensing systems are projected to become an important option for monitoring hazardous pollutants in both environmental and biological media. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ESASP.715E..54A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ESASP.715E..54A"><span>Payload Safety: Risk and Characteristic-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Control of Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abou, Seraphin Chally; Saad, Maarouf</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>In the last decade progress has been made to assist organizations that are developing payloads intended for flight on the International Space Station (ISS) and/or Space Shuttle. Collaboration programs for comprehensive risk assessment have been initiated between the U.S. and the European Union to generate requirements and data needed to comply with payloads safety and to perform risk assessment and controls guidance. Yet, substantial research gaps remain, as do challenges in the translation of these research findings to control for exposure to nanoscale material payloads, and the health effects. Since <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> structures are different from traditional molecules, some standard material properties can change at size of 50nm or less. Changes in material properties at this scale challenge our understanding of hazards posed by <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> payloads in the ISS realistic exposure conditions, and our ability to anticipate, evaluate, and control potential health issues, and safety. The research question addressed in this framework is: what kind of descriptors can be developed for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> payloads risks assessment? Methods proposed incorporate elements of characteristic- <span class="hlt">based</span> risk an alysis: (1) to enable characterization of anthropogenic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which can result in incidental from natural nanoparticles; and (2) to better understand safety attributes in terms of human health impacts from exposure to varying types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28418071"><span>Chronic exposure to graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> induces behavioral deficits and neural damage in Caenorhabditis elegans.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Ping; Xu, Tiantian; Wu, Siyu; Lei, Lili; He, Defu</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> of graphene and its derivatives have been widely applied in recent years, but whose impacts on the environment and health are still not well understood. In the present study, the potential adverse effects of graphite (G), graphite oxide nanoplatelets (GO) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs) on the motor nervous system were investigated using nematode Caenorhabditis elegans as the assay system. After being characterized using TEM, SEM, XPS and PLE, three <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were chronically exposed to C. elegans for 6 days. In total, 50-100 mg l -1 GO caused a significant reduction in the survival rate, but G and GDDs showed low lethality on nematodes. After chronic exposure of sub-lethal dosages, three <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were observed to distribute primarily in the pharynx and intestine; but GQDs were widespread in nematode body. Three graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> resulted in significant declines in locomotor frequency of body bending, head thrashing and pharynx pumping. In addition, mean speed, bending angle-frequency and wavelength of the crawling movement were significantly reduced after exposure. Using transgenic nematodes, we found high concentrations of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> induced down-expression of dat-1::GFP and eat-4::GFP, but no significant changes in unc-47::GFP. This indicates that graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can lead to damages in the dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons. The present data suggest that chronic exposure of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may cause neurotoxicity risks of inducing behavioral deficits and neural damage. These findings provide useful information to understand the toxicity and safe application of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458626','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21458626"><span>Recent applications of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in analytical chemistry: critical review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scida, Karen; Stege, Patricia W; Haby, Gabrielle; Messina, Germán A; García, Carlos D</p> <p>2011-04-08</p> <p>The objective of this review is to provide a broad overview of the advantages and limitations of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with respect to analytical chemistry. Aiming to illustrate the impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the development of novel analytical applications, developments reported in the 2005-2010 period have been included and divided into sample preparation, separation, and detection. Within each section, fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, and composite materials will be addressed specifically. Although only briefly discussed, included is a section highlighting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with interesting catalytic properties that can be used in the design of future devices for analytical chemistry. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ANSNN...8a5001K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ANSNN...8a5001K"><span>Biocompatible <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on dendrimers, hydrogels and hydrogel nanocomposites for use in biomedicine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Khoa Nguyen, Cuu; Quyen Tran, Ngoc; Phuong Nguyen, Thi; Hai Nguyen, Dai</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Over the past decades, biopolymer-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been developed to overcome the limitations of other macro- and micro- synthetic materials as well as the ever increasing demand for the new materials in nanotechnology, biotechnology, biomedicine and others. Owning to their high stability, biodegradability, low toxicity, and biocompatibility, biopolymer-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> hold great promise for various biomedical applications. The pursuit of this review is to briefly describe our recent studies regarding biocompatible biopolymer-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, particularly in the form of dendrimers, hydrogels, and hydrogel composites along with the synthetic and modification approaches for the utilization in drug delivery, tissue engineering, and biomedical implants. Moreover, in vitro and in vivo studies for the toxicity evaluation are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3386727','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3386727"><span>A Critical Review of Glucose Biosensors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhu, Zhigang; Garcia-Gancedo, Luis; Flewitt, Andrew J.; Xie, Huaqing; Moussy, Francis; Milne, William I.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>There has been an explosion of research into the physical and chemical properties of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, since the discovery of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Iijima in 1991. Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offer unique advantages in several areas, like high surface-volume ratio, high electrical conductivity, chemical stability and strong mechanical strength, and are thus frequently being incorporated into sensing elements. Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> sensors generally have higher sensitivities and a lower detection limit than conventional ones. In this review, a brief history of glucose biosensors is firstly presented. The carbon nanotube and grapheme-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors, are introduced in Sections 3 and 4, respectively, which cover synthesis methods, up-to-date sensing approaches and nonenzymatic hybrid sensors. Finally, we briefly outline the current status and future direction for carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to be used in the sensing area. PMID:22778628</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26642085"><span>Bacterial Cellulose: A Robust Platform for Design of Three Dimensional Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Functional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Zhen-Yu; Liang, Hai-Wei; Chen, Li-Feng; Hu, Bi-Cheng; Yu, Shu-Hong</p> <p>2016-01-19</p> <p>Three dimensional (3D) carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> exhibit great application potential in environmental protection, electrochemical energy storage and conversion, catalysis, polymer science, and advanced sensors fields. Current methods for preparing 3D carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, for example, carbonization of organogels, chemical vapor deposition, and self-assembly of nanocarbon building blocks, inevitably involve some drawbacks, such as expensive and toxic precursors, complex equipment and technological requirements, and low production ability. From the viewpoint of practical application, it is highly desirable to develop a simple, cheap, and environmentally friendly way for fabricating 3D carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in large scale. On the other hand, in order to extend the application scope and improve the performance of 3D carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we should explore efficient strategies to prepare diverse functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on their 3D carbon structure. Recently, many researchers tend to fabricate high-performance 3D carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from biomass, which is low cost, easy to obtain, and nontoxic to humans. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a typical biomass material, has long been used as the raw material of nata-de-coco (an indigenous dessert food of the Philippines). It consists of a polysaccharide with a β-1,4-glycosidic linkage and has a interconnected 3D porous network structure. Interestingly, the network is made up of a random assembly of cellulose nanofibers, which have a high aspect ratio with a diameter of 20-100 nm. As a result, BC has a high specific surface area. Additionally, BC hydrogels can be produced on an industrial scale via a microbial fermentation process at a very low price. Thus, it can be an ideal platform for design of 3D carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Before our work, no systematic work and summary on this topic had been reported. This Account presents the concepts and strategies of our studies on BC in the past few years, that is</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880913','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23880913"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> disposal by incineration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Holder, Amara L; Vejerano, Eric P; Zhou, Xinzhe; Marr, Linsey C</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>As nanotechnology-<span class="hlt">based</span> products enter into widespread use, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will end up in disposal waste streams that are ultimately discharged to the environment. One possible end-of-life scenario is incineration. This review attempts to ascertain the potential pathways by which <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may enter incinerator waste streams and the fate of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during the incineration process. Although the literature on incineration of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is scarce, results from studies of their behavior at high temperature or in combustion environments for other applications can help predict their fate within an incinerator. Preliminary evidence suggests <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may catalyze the formation or destruction of combustion by-products. Depending on their composition, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may undergo physical and chemical transformations within the incinerator, impacting their partitioning within the incineration system (e.g., bottom ash, fly ash) and the effectiveness of control technology for removing them. These transformations may also drastically affect <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> transport and impacts in the environment. Current regulations on incinerator emissions do not specifically address <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, but limits on particle and metal emissions may prove somewhat effective at reducing the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in incinerator effluent. Control technology used to meet these regulations, such as fabric filters, electrostatic precipitators, and wet electrostatic scrubbers, are expected to be at least partially effective at removing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from incinerator flue gas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992420','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992420"><span>Molecular toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chang, Xue-Ling; Yang, Sheng-Tao; Xing, Gengmei</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>With the rapid developments in the fields of nanoscience and nanotechnlogy, more and more <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their <span class="hlt">based</span> consumer products have been used into our daily life. The safety concerns of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been well recognized by the scientific community and the public. Molecular mechanism of interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and biosystems is the most essential topic and final core of the biosafety. In the last two decades, nanotoxicology developed very fast and toxicity phenomena of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been reported. To achieve better understanding and detoxication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, thorough studies of nanotoxicity at molecular level are important. The interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and biomolecules have been widely investigated as the first step toward the molecular nanotoxicology. The consequences of such interactions have been discussed in the literature. Besides this, the chemical mechanism of nanotoxicology is gaining more attention, which would lead to a better design of nontoxic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In this review, we focus on the molecular nanotoxicology and explore the toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> at molecular level. The molecular level studies of nanotoxicology are summarized and the published nanotoxicological data are revisited.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26523336','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26523336"><span>Marine polysaccharide-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as a novel source of nanobiotechnological applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Manivasagan, Panchanathan; Oh, Junghwan</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Research on marine polysaccharide-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is emerging in nanobiotechnological fields such as drug delivery, gene delivery, tissue engineering, cancer therapy, wound dressing, biosensors, and water treatment. Important properties of the marine polysaccharides include biocompatibility, biodegradability, nontoxicity, low cost, and abundance. Most of the marine polysaccharides are derived from natural sources such as fucoidan, alginates, carrageenan, agarose, porphyran, ulvan, mauran, chitin, chitosan, and chitooligosaccharide. Marine polysaccharides are very important biological macromolecules that widely exist in marine organisms. Marine polysaccharides exhibit a vast variety of structures and are still under-exploited and thus should be considered as a novel source of natural products for drug discovery. An enormous variety of polysaccharides can be extracted from marine organisms such as algae, crustaceans, and microorganisms. Marine polysaccharides have been shown to have a variety of biological and biomedical properties. Recently, research and development of marine polysaccharide-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have received considerable attention as one of the major resources for nanotechnological applications. This review highlights the recent research on marine polysaccharide-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biotechnological and biomedical applications. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150009481','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150009481"><span>Thermionic Properties of Carbon <span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Produced by Microhollow Cathode PECVD</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Haase, John R.; Wolinksy, Jason J.; Bailey, Paul S.; George, Jeffrey A.; Go, David B.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Thermionic emission is the process in which materials at sufficiently high temperature spontaneously emit electrons. This process occurs when electrons in a material gain sufficient thermal energy from heating to overcome the material's potential barrier, referred to as the work function. For most bulk materials very high temperatures (greater than 1500 K) are needed to produce appreciable emission. Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have shown significant promise as emission materials because of their low work functions, nanoscale geometry, and negative electron affinity. One method of producing these materials is through the process known as microhollow cathode PECVD. In a microhollow cathode plasma, high energy electrons oscillate at very high energies through the Pendel effect. These high energy electrons create numerous radical species and the technique has been shown to be an effective method of growing carbon <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In this work, we explore the thermionic emission properties of carbon <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> produced by microhollow cathode PECVD under a variety of synthesis conditions. Initial studies demonstrate measureable current at low temperatures (approximately 800 K) and work functions (approximately 3.3 eV) for these materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..116S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..116S"><span>Key physicochemical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in view of their toxicity: an exploratory systematic investigation for the example of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Salieri, Beatrice; Pasteris, Andrea; Netkueakul, Woranan; Hischier, Roland</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Currently, a noncomprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> (CBNs), which may affect toxic effects, is still observable. In this study, an exploratory systematic investigation into the key physicochemical properties of multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT), single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT), and C60-fullerene on their ecotoxicity has been undertaken. We undertook an extensive survey of the literature pertaining to the ecotoxicity of organism representative of the trophic level of algae, crustaceans, and fish. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on this, a set of data reporting both the physicochemical properties of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and the observed toxic effect has been established. The relationship between physicochemical properties and observed toxic effect was investigated <span class="hlt">based</span> on various statistical approaches. Specifically, analysis of variance by one-way ANOVA was used to assess the effect of categorical properties (use of a dispersant or treatments in the test medium, type of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, i.e., SWCNT, MWCNT, C60-fullerene, functionalization), while multiple regression analysis was used to assess the effect of quantitative properties (i.e., diameter length of nanotubes, secondary size) on the toxicity values. The here described investigations revealed significant relationships among the physicochemical properties and observed toxic effects. The research was mainly affected by the low availability of data and also by the low variability of the studies collected. Overall, our results demonstrate that the here proposed and applied approach could have a major role in identifying the physicochemical properties of relevance for the toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. However, the future success of the approach would require that the ENMs and the experimental conditions used in the toxicity studies are fully characterized.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2831966','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2831966"><span>Potential for Occupational Exposure to Engineered Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Environmental Laboratory Studies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Johnson, David R.; Methner, Mark M.; Kennedy, Alan J.; Steevens, Jeffery A.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Background The potential exists for laboratory personnel to be exposed to engineered carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) in studies aimed at producing conditions similar to those found in natural surface waters [e.g., presence of natural organic matter (NOM)]. Objective The goal of this preliminary investigation was to assess the release of CNMs into the laboratory atmosphere during handling and sonication into environmentally relevant matrices. Methods We measured fullerenes (C60), underivatized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (raw MWCNT), hydroxylated MWCNT (MWCNT-OH), and carbon black (CB) in air as the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were weighed, transferred to beakers filled with reconstituted freshwater, and sonicated in deionized water and reconstituted freshwater with and without NOM. Airborne <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> emitted during processing were quantified using two hand-held particle counters that measure total particle number concentration per volume of air within the nanometer range (10–1,000 nm) and six specific size ranges (300–10,000 nm). Particle size and morphology were determined by transmission electron microscopy of air sample filters. Discussion After correcting for background particle number concentrations, it was evident that increases in airborne particle number concentrations occurred for each <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> except CB during weighing, with airborne particle number concentrations inversely related to particle size. Sonicating <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-spiked water resulted in increased airborne <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, most notably for MWCNT-OH in water with NOM and for CB. Conclusion Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can become airborne when mixed in solution by sonication, especially when <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are functionalized or in water containing NOM. This finding indicates that laboratory workers may be at increased risk of exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. PMID:20056572</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696469','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696469"><span>Band structure modification of the thermoelectric Heusler-phase <span class="hlt">TiFe</span>2Sn via Mn substitution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zou, Tianhua; Jia, Tiantian; Xie, Wenjie; Zhang, Yongsheng; Widenmeyer, Marc; Xiao, Xingxing; Weidenkaff, Anke</p> <p>2017-07-19</p> <p>Doping (or substitution)-induced modification of the electronic structure to increase the electronic density of states (eDOS) near the Fermi level is considered as an effective strategy to enhance the Seebeck coefficient, and may consequently boost the thermoelectric performance. Through density-functional theory calculations of Mn-substituted <span class="hlt">TiFe</span> 2-x Mn x Sn compounds, we demonstrate that the d-states of the substituted Mn atoms induce a strong resonant level near the Fermi energy. Our experimental results are in good agreement with the calculations. They show that Mn substitution results in a large increase of the Seebeck coefficient, arising from an enhanced eDOS in Heusler compounds. The results prove that a proper substitution position and element selection can increase the eDOS, leading to a higher Seebeck coefficient and thermoelectric performance of ecofriendly materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanot..27h2501C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanot..27h2501C"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-based</span> x-ray sources</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cole, Matthew T.; Parmee, R. J.; Milne, William I.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Following the recent global excitement and investment in the emerging, and rapidly growing, classes of one and two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we here present a perspective on one of the viable applications of such materials: field electron emission <span class="hlt">based</span> x-ray sources. These devices, which have a notable history in medicine, security, industry and research, to date have almost exclusively incorporated thermionic electron sources. Since the middle of the last century, field emission <span class="hlt">based</span> cathodes were demonstrated, but it is only recently that they have become practicable. We outline some of the technological achievements of the past two decades, and describe a number of the seminal contributions. We explore the foremost market hurdles hindering their roll-out and broader industrial adoption and summarise the recent progress in miniaturised, pulsed and multi-source devices.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4578338','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4578338"><span>Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bittencourt, Carla; Van Tendeloo, Gustaaf</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Summary A major revolution for electron microscopy in the past decade is the introduction of aberration correction, which enables one to increase both the spatial resolution and the energy resolution to the optical limit. Aberration correction has contributed significantly to the imaging at low operating voltages. This is crucial for carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which are sensitive to electron irradiation. The research of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanohybrids, in particular the fundamental understanding of defects and interfaces, can now be carried out in unprecedented detail by aberration-corrected transmission electron microscopy (AC-TEM). This review discusses new possibilities and limits of AC-TEM at low voltage, including the structural imaging at atomic resolution, in three dimensions and spectroscopic investigation of chemistry and bonding. In situ TEM of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is discussed and illustrated through recent reports with particular emphasis on the underlying physics of interactions between electrons and carbon atoms. PMID:26425406</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1169099','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1169099"><span><span class="hlt">Nano-material</span> and method of fabrication</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Menchhofer, Paul A; Seals, Roland D; Howe, Jane Y; Wang, Wei</p> <p>2015-02-03</p> <p>A fluffy <span class="hlt">nano-material</span> and method of manufacture are described. At 2000.times. magnification the fluffy <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> has the appearance of raw, uncarded wool, with individual fiber lengths ranging from approximately four microns to twenty microns. Powder-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocatalysts are dispersed in the fluffy <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. The production of fluffy <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> typically involves flowing about 125 cc/min of organic vapor at a pressure of about 400 torr over powder-<span class="hlt">based</span> nano-catalysts for a period of time that may range from approximately thirty minutes to twenty-four hours.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456836','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22456836"><span>Genotoxicity investigations on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oesch, Franz; Landsiedel, Robert</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>This review is <span class="hlt">based</span> on the lecture presented at the April 2010 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> safety assessment Postsatellite to the 2009 EUROTOX Meeting and summarizes genotoxicity investigations on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> published in the open scientific literature (up to 2008). Special attention is paid to the relationship between particle size and positive versus negative outcome, as well as the dependence of the outcome on the test used. Salient conclusions and outstanding recommendations emerging from the information summarized in this review are as follows: recognize that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are not all the same; therefore know and document what <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> has been tested and in what form; take <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> specific properties into account; in order to make your results comparable with those of others and on other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: use or at least include in your studies standardized methods; use in vivo studies to put in vitro results into perspective; take uptake and distribution of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> into account; and in order to become able to make extrapolations to risk for human: learn about the mechanism of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> genotoxic effects. Past experience with standard non-nanosubstances already had shown that mechanisms of genotoxic effects can be complex and their elucidation can be demanding, while there often is an immediate need to assess the genotoxic hazard. Thus, a practical and pragmatic approach to genotoxicity investigations of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is the use of a battery of standard genotoxicity testing methods covering a wide range of mechanisms. Application of these standard methods to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> demands, however, adaptations, and the interpretation of results from the genotoxicity testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> needs additional considerations exceeding those used for standard size materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4800813','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4800813"><span>Intracellular Signal Modulation by <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hussain, Salik; Garantziotis, Stavros; Rodrigues-Lima, Fernando; Dupret, Jean-Marie; Baeza-Squiban, Armelle; Boland, Sonja</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A thorough understanding of the interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biological systems and the resulting activation of signal transduction pathways is essential for the development of safe and consumer friendly nanotechnology. Here we present an overview of signaling pathways induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposures and describe the possible correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with biological outcomes. In addition to the hierarchical oxidative stress model and a review of the intrinsic and cell-mediated mechanisms of reactive Oxygen species (ROS) generating capacities of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we also discuss other oxidative stress dependent and independent cellular signaling pathways. Induction of the inflammasome, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are reviewed. Furthermore, the uptake mechanisms can crucially affect the cytotoxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and membrane-dependent signaling pathways can be responsible for cellular effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Epigenetic regulation by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> effects of nanoparticle-protein interactions on cell signaling pathways, and the induction of various cell death modalities by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described. We describe the common trigger mechanisms shared by various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to induce cell death pathways and describe the interplay of different modalities in orchestrating the final outcome after <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposures. A better understanding of signal modulations induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is not only essential for the synthesis and design of safer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> but will also help to discover potential nanomedical applications of these materials. Several biomedical applications <span class="hlt">based</span> on the different signaling pathways induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are already proposed and will certainly gain a great deal of attraction in the near future. PMID:24683030</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJN....1760013B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018IJN....1760013B"><span>Slag-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> in the Removal of Hexavalent Chromium</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baalamurugan, J.; Ganesh Kumar, V.; Govindaraju, K.; Naveen Prasad, B. S.; Bupesh Raja, V. K.; Padmapriya, R.</p> <p></p> <p>Slag-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> is a by-product obtained during steel production and has wide range of components in the form of oxides. In this study, Induction Furnace (IF) steel slag-<span class="hlt">based</span> application in adsorption of hexavalent chromium is investigated. IF slag has mixture of oxides mainly Fe2O3 and Chromium (VI) a highly toxic pollutant leads to environmental pollution and causes problem to human health mainly, carcinogenetic diseases. Slag-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> is characterized using High Resolution Scanning Electron Microscope (HR-SEM) in which the size was around 100nm and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. Further inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used for adsorption studies. Slag activation using NaOH (alkali activation) to the intent of surface hydroxyl (-OH) group attachment will be a cost-effective process in the removal of hexavalent chromium. Cr(VI) ions are adsorbed on the surface of alkali activated slag material. The core-shell formation of Fe(II)/Fe(III)/Cr(VI) and the adsorption are investigated in detail in the present study.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JCrGr.333...40C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011JCrGr.333...40C"><span>Microstructure of directionally solidified <span class="hlt">Ti-Fe</span> eutectic alloy with low interstitial and high mechanical strength</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Contieri, R. J.; Lopes, E. S. N.; Taquire de La Cruz, M.; Costa, A. M.; Afonso, C. R. M.; Caram, R.</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>The performance of Ti alloys can be considerably enhanced by combining Ti and other elements, causing an eutectic transformation and thereby producing composites in situ from the liquid phase. This paper reports on the processing and characterization of a directionally solidified <span class="hlt">Ti-Fe</span> eutectic alloy. Directional solidification at different growth rates was carried out in a setup that employs a water-cooled copper crucible combined with a voltaic electric arc moving through the sample. The results obtained show that a regular fiber-like eutectic structure was produced and the interphase spacing was found to be a function of the growth rate. Mechanical properties were measured using compression, microindentation and nanoindentation tests to determine the Vickers hardness, compressive strength and elastic modulus. Directionally solidified eutectic samples presented high values of compressive strength in the range of 1844-3000 MPa and ductility between 21.6 and 25.2%.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721621','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29721621"><span>Advances in the design of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical affinity and enzymatic biosensors for metabolic biomarkers: A review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Farzin, Leila; Shamsipur, Mojtaba; Samandari, Leila; Sheibani, Shahab</p> <p>2018-05-02</p> <p>This review (with 340 refs) focuses on methods for specific and sensitive detection of metabolites for diagnostic purposes, with particular emphasis on electrochemical <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> sensors. It also covers novel candidate metabolites as potential biomarkers for diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, autism spectrum disorder and hepatitis. Following an introduction into the field of metabolic biomarkers, a first major section classifies electrochemical biosensors according to the bioreceptor type (enzymatic, immuno, apta and peptide <span class="hlt">based</span> sensors). A next section covers applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in electrochemical biosensing (with subsections on the classification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, electrochemical approaches for signal generation and amplification using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as tags). A next large sections treats candidate metabolic biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases (in the context with metabolomics), with subsections on biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases, autism spectrum disorder and hepatitis. The Conclusion addresses current challenges and future perspectives. Graphical abstract This review focuses on the recent developments in electrochemical biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for the detection of metabolic biomarkers. It covers the critical metabolites for some diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases, autism spectrum disorder and hepatitis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24683030','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24683030"><span>Intracellular signal modulation by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hussain, Salik; Garantziotis, Stavros; Rodrigues-Lima, Fernando; Dupret, Jean-Marie; Baeza-Squiban, Armelle; Boland, Sonja</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A thorough understanding of the interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biological systems and the resulting activation of signal transduction pathways is essential for the development of safe and consumer friendly nanotechnology. Here we present an overview of signaling pathways induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposures and describe the possible correlation of their physicochemical characteristics with biological outcomes. In addition to the hierarchical oxidative stress model and a review of the intrinsic and cell-mediated mechanisms of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generating capacities of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we also discuss other oxidative stress dependent and independent cellular signaling pathways. Induction of the inflammasome, calcium signaling, and endoplasmic reticulum stress are reviewed. Furthermore, the uptake mechanisms can be of crucial importance for the cytotoxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and membrane-dependent signaling pathways have also been shown to be responsible for cellular effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Epigenetic regulation by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, effects of nanoparticle-protein interactions on cell signaling pathways, and the induction of various cell death modalities by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described. We describe the common trigger mechanisms shared by various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to induce cell death pathways and describe the interplay of different modalities in orchestrating the final outcome after <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposures. A better understanding of signal modulations induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is not only essential for the synthesis and design of safer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> but will also help to discover potential nanomedical applications of these materials. Several biomedical applications <span class="hlt">based</span> on the different signaling pathways induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are already proposed and will certainly gain a great deal of attraction in the near future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27318880','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27318880"><span>2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> electrochemical biosensors for cancer diagnosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Lu; Xiong, Qirong; Xiao, Fei; Duan, Hongwei</p> <p>2017-03-15</p> <p>Cancer is a leading cause of death in the world. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that early diagnosis holds the key towards effective treatment outcome. Cancer biomarkers are extensively used in oncology for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Electrochemical sensors play key roles in current laboratory and clinical analysis of diverse chemical and biological targets. Recent development of functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offers new possibilities of improving the performance of electrochemical sensors. In particular, 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have stimulated intense research due to their unique array of structural and chemical properties. The 2D materials of interest cover broadly across graphene, graphene derivatives (i.e., graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide), and graphene-like <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (i.e., 2D layered transition metal dichalcogenides, graphite carbon nitride and boron nitride <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>). In this review, we summarize recent advances in the synthesis of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in electrochemical biosensing of cancer biomarkers (nucleic acids, proteins and some small molecules), and present a personal perspective on the future direction of this area. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23311978','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23311978"><span>ISA-TAB-Nano: a specification for sharing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> research data in spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> format.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thomas, Dennis G; Gaheen, Sharon; Harper, Stacey L; Fritts, Martin; Klaessig, Fred; Hahn-Dantona, Elizabeth; Paik, David; Pan, Sue; Stafford, Grace A; Freund, Elaine T; Klemm, Juli D; Baker, Nathan A</p> <p>2013-01-14</p> <p>The high-throughput genomics communities have been successfully using standardized spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> formats to capture and share data within labs and among public repositories. The nanomedicine community has yet to adopt similar standards to share the diverse and multi-dimensional types of data (including metadata) pertaining to the description and characterization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Owing to the lack of standardization in representing and sharing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data, most of the data currently shared via publications and data resources are incomplete, poorly-integrated, and not suitable for meaningful interpretation and re-use of the data. Specifically, in its current state, data cannot be effectively utilized for the development of predictive models that will inform the rational design of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We have developed a specification called ISA-TAB-Nano, which comprises four spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> file formats for representing and integrating various types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. Three file formats (Investigation, Study, and Assay files) have been adapted from the established ISA-TAB specification; while the Material file format was developed de novo to more readily describe the complexity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and associated small molecules. In this paper, we have discussed the main features of each file format and how to use them for sharing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> descriptions and assay metadata. The ISA-TAB-Nano file formats provide a general and flexible framework to record and integrate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> descriptions, assay data (metadata and endpoint measurements) and protocol information. Like ISA-TAB, ISA-TAB-Nano supports the use of ontology terms to promote standardized descriptions and to facilitate search and integration of the data. The ISA-TAB-Nano specification has been submitted as an ASTM work item to obtain community feedback and to provide a nanotechnology data-sharing standard for public development and adoption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3598649','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3598649"><span>ISA-TAB-Nano: A Specification for Sharing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Research Data in Spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> Format</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background and motivation The high-throughput genomics communities have been successfully using standardized spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> formats to capture and share data within labs and among public repositories. The nanomedicine community has yet to adopt similar standards to share the diverse and multi-dimensional types of data (including metadata) pertaining to the description and characterization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Owing to the lack of standardization in representing and sharing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data, most of the data currently shared via publications and data resources are incomplete, poorly-integrated, and not suitable for meaningful interpretation and re-use of the data. Specifically, in its current state, data cannot be effectively utilized for the development of predictive models that will inform the rational design of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Results We have developed a specification called ISA-TAB-Nano, which comprises four spreadsheet-<span class="hlt">based</span> file formats for representing and integrating various types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. Three file formats (Investigation, Study, and Assay files) have been adapted from the established ISA-TAB specification; while the Material file format was developed de novo to more readily describe the complexity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and associated small molecules. In this paper, we have discussed the main features of each file format and how to use them for sharing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> descriptions and assay metadata. Conclusion The ISA-TAB-Nano file formats provide a general and flexible framework to record and integrate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> descriptions, assay data (metadata and endpoint measurements) and protocol information. Like ISA-TAB, ISA-TAB-Nano supports the use of ontology terms to promote standardized descriptions and to facilitate search and integration of the data. The ISA-TAB-Nano specification has been submitted as an ASTM work item to obtain community feedback and to provide a nanotechnology data-sharing standard for public development and adoption. PMID</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5068136','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5068136"><span>Design of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for medicine, biotechnology, and energy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wen, Amy M.; Steinmetz, Nicole F.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are versatile materials that naturally self-assemble and have relevance for a broad range of applications including medicine, biotechnology, and energy. This review provides an overview of recent developments in “chemical virology.” Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. PMID:27152673</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4327032','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4327032"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials-Based</span> Optical Techniques for the Detection of Acetylcholinesterase and Pesticides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xia, Ning; Wang, Qinglong; Liu, Lin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The large amount of pesticide residues in the environment is a threat to global health by inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Biosensors for inhibition of AChE have been thus developed for the detection of pesticides. In line with the rapid development of nanotechnology, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted great attention and have been intensively studied in biological analysis due to their unique chemical, physical and size properties. The aim of this review is to provide insight into <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> optical techniques for the determination of AChE and pesticides, including colorimetric and fluorescent assays and surface plasmon resonance. PMID:25558991</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1235339-microtubule-based-nanomaterials-exploiting-nature-dynamic-biopolymers','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1235339-microtubule-based-nanomaterials-exploiting-nature-dynamic-biopolymers"><span>Microtubule-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: Exploiting nature's dynamic biopolymers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Bachand, George D.; Stevens, Mark J.; Spoerke, Erik David</p> <p>2015-04-09</p> <p>For more than a decade now, biomolecular systems have served as an inspiration for the development of synthetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and systems that are capable of reproducing many of unique and emergent behaviors of living systems. In addition, one intriguing element of such systems may be found in a specialized class of proteins known as biomolecular motors that are capable of performing useful work across multiple length scales through the efficient conversion of chemical energy. Microtubule (MT) filaments may be considered within this context as their dynamic assembly and disassembly dissipate energy, and perform work within the cell. MTs are onemore » of three cytoskeletal filaments in eukaryotic cells, and play critical roles in a range of cellular processes including mitosis and vesicular trafficking. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on their function, physical attributes, and unique dynamics, MTs also serve as a powerful archetype of a supramolecular filament that underlies and drives multiscale emergent behaviors. In this review, we briefly summarize recent efforts to generate hybrid and composite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using MTs as biomolecular scaffolds, as well as computational and synthetic approaches to develop synthetic one-dimensional nanostructures that display the enviable attributes of the natural filaments.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150003301','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150003301"><span>Purifying <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hung, Ching-Cheh (Inventor); Hurst, Janet (Inventor)</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A method of purifying a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and the resultant purified <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> in which a salt, such as ferric chloride, at or near its liquid phase temperature, is used to penetrate and wet the internal surfaces of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> to dissolve impurities that may be present, for example, from processes used in the manufacture of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4557208','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4557208"><span>Recent trends in carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical sensors for biomolecules: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Cheng; Denno, Madelaine E.; Pyakurel, Poojan; Venton, B. Jill</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are advantageous for electrochemical sensors because they increase the electroactive surface area, enhance electron transfer, and promote adsorption of molecules. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated into electrochemical sensors for biomolecules and strategies have included the traditional dip coating and drop casting methods, direct growth of CNTs on electrodes and the use of CNT fibers and yarns made exclusively of CNTs. Recent research has also focused on utilizing many new types of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> beyond CNTs. Forms of graphene are now increasingly popular for sensors including reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns, graphene nanofoams, graphene nanorods, and graphene nanoflowers. In this review, we compare different carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> strategies for creating electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Analytes covered include neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and serotonin; hydrogen peroxide; proteins, such as biomarkers; and DNA. The review also addresses enzyme-<span class="hlt">based</span> electrodes that are used to detect non-electroactive species such as glucose, alcohols, and proteins. Finally, we analyze some of the future directions for the field, pointing out gaps in fundamental understanding of electron transfer to carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the need for more practical implementation of sensors. PMID:26320782</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26320782','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26320782"><span>Recent trends in carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical sensors for biomolecules: A review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Cheng; Denno, Madelaine E; Pyakurel, Poojan; Venton, B Jill</p> <p>2015-08-05</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are advantageous for electrochemical sensors because they increase the electroactive surface area, enhance electron transfer, and promote adsorption of molecules. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been incorporated into electrochemical sensors for biomolecules and strategies have included the traditional dip coating and drop casting methods, direct growth of CNTs on electrodes and the use of CNT fibers and yarns made exclusively of CNTs. Recent research has also focused on utilizing many new types of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> beyond CNTs. Forms of graphene are now increasingly popular for sensors including reduced graphene oxide, carbon nanohorns, graphene nanofoams, graphene nanorods, and graphene nanoflowers. In this review, we compare different carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> strategies for creating electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Analytes covered include neurotransmitters and neurochemicals, such as dopamine, ascorbic acid, and serotonin; hydrogen peroxide; proteins, such as biomarkers; and DNA. The review also addresses enzyme-<span class="hlt">based</span> electrodes that are used to detect non-electroactive species such as glucose, alcohols, and proteins. Finally, we analyze some of the future directions for the field, pointing out gaps in fundamental understanding of electron transfer to carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the need for more practical implementation of sensors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26703992','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26703992"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> electrochemical aptasensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Zonghua; Yu, Jianbo; Gui, Rijun; Jin, Hui; Xia, Yanzhi</p> <p>2016-05-15</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) have attracted increasing attention due to their unique electrical, optical, thermal, mechanical and chemical properties. CNMs are extensively applied in electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic and sensing devices fields, especially in bioassay technology. These excellent properties significantly depend on not only the functional atomic structures of CNMs, but also the interactions with other materials, such as gold nanoparticles, SiO2, chitosan, etc. This review systematically summarizes applications of CNMs in electrochemical aptasensors (ECASs). Firstly, definition and development of ECASs are introduced. Secondly, different ways of ECASs about working principles, classification and construction of CNMs are illustrated. Thirdly, the applications of different CNMs used in ECASs are discussed. In this review, different types of CNMs are involved such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, etc. Besides, the newly emerging CNMs and CNMs-<span class="hlt">based</span> composites are also discoursed. Finally, we demonstrate the future prospects of CNMs-<span class="hlt">based</span> ECASs, and some suggestions about the near future development of CNMs-<span class="hlt">based</span> ECASs are highlighted. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29484973','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29484973"><span>Organic fluorescent dye-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: Advances in the rational design for imaging and sensing applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Svechkarev, Denis; Mohs, Aaron M</p> <p>2018-02-25</p> <p>Self-assembled fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on small-molecule organic dyes are gaining increasing popularity in imaging and sensing applications over the past decade. This is primarily due to their ability to combine spectral property tunability and biocompatibility of small molecule organic fluorophores with brightness, chemical, and colloidal stability of inorganic materials. Such a unique combination of features comes with rich versatility of dye-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: from aggregates of small molecules to sophisticated core-shell nanoarchitectures involving hyperbranched polymers. Along with the ongoing discovery of new materials and better ways of their synthesis, it is very important to continue systematic studies of fundamental factors that regulate the key properties of fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: their size, polydispersity, colloidal stability, chemical stability, absorption and emission maxima, biocompatibility, and interactions with biological interfaces. In this review, we focus on the systematic description of various types of organic fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, approaches to their synthesis, and ways to optimize and control their characteristics. The discussion is built on examples from reports on recent advances in design and applications of such materials. Conclusions made from this analysis allow a perspective on future development of fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> design for biomedical and related applications. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......166H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......166H"><span>Scalable fabrication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> piezoresistivity sensors with enhanced performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hoang, Phong Tran</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are small structures that have at least one dimension less than 100 nanometers. Depending on the number of dimensions that are not confined to the nanoscale range, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be classified into 0D, 1D and 2D types. Due to their small sizes, nanoparticles possess exceptional physical and chemical properties which opens a unique possibility for the next generation of strain sensors that are cheap, multifunctional, high sensitivity and reliability. Over the years, thanks to the development of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the printing technologies, a number of printing techniques have been developed to fabricate a wide range of electronic devices on diverse substrates. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> thin film devices can be readily patterned and fabricated in a variety of ways, including printing, spraying and laser direct writing. In this work, we review the piezoresistivity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of different categories and study various printing approaches to utilize their excellent properties in the fabrication of scalable and printable thin film strain gauges. CNT-AgNP composite thin films were fabricated using a solution <span class="hlt">based</span> screen printing process. By controlling the concentration ratio of CNTs to AgNPs in the nanocomposites and the supporting substrates, we were able to engineer the crack formation to achieve stable and high sensitivity sensors. The crack formation in the composite films lead to piezoresistive sensors with high GFs up to 221.2. Also, with a simple, low cost, and easy to scale up fabrication process they may find use as an alternative to traditional strain sensors. By using computer controlled spray coating system, we can achieve uniform and high quality CNTs thin films for the fabrication of strain sensors and transparent / flexible electrodes. A simple diazonium salt treatment of the pristine SWCNT thin film has been identified to be efficient in greatly enhancing the piezoresistive sensitivity of SWCNT thin film <span class="hlt">based</span> piezoresistive sensors</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27030377','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27030377"><span>Polysaccharides <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for targeted anti-cancer drug delivery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dheer, Divya; Arora, Divya; Jaglan, Sundeep; Rawal, Ravindra K; Shankar, Ravi</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Polysaccharides, an important class of biological polymers, are effectively bioactive, nontoxic, hydrophilic, biodegradable and offer a wide diversity in structure and properties. These can be easily modified chemically and biochemically to enhance the bioadhesion with biological tissues, better stability and can improve bioavailability of drugs. Most of the chemotherapeutic drugs have a narrow therapeutic index, slow drug delivery systems and poor water solubility that usually proves toxic to human bodies. The inherent biocompatibility of these biopolymers have shown enhancement of solubility of some chemotherapeutic drugs which also leads to the preparation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for the delivery of antibiotics, anticancer, proteins, peptides and nucleic acids using several routes of administration. Recently, synthesis and research on polysaccharides <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have gained enormous attention as one of the most applicable resources in nanomedicine area. This review article will provide a specific emphasis on polysaccharides as natural biomaterials for targeted anticancer drug delivery system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168670','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168670"><span>Biological Surface Adsorption Index of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Modelling Surface Interactions of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> with Biomolecules.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Ran; Riviere, Jim E</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Quantitative analysis of the interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their surrounding environment is crucial for safety evaluation in the application of nanotechnology as well as its development and standardization. In this chapter, we demonstrate the importance of the adsorption of surrounding molecules onto the surface of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by forming biocorona and thus impact the bio-identity and fate of those materials. We illustrate the key factors including various physical forces in determining the interaction happening at bio-nano interfaces. We further discuss the mathematical endeavors in explaining and predicting the adsorption phenomena, and propose a new statistics-<span class="hlt">based</span> surface adsorption model, the Biological Surface Adsorption Index (BSAI), to quantitatively analyze the interaction profile of surface adsorption of a large group of small organic molecules onto <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with varying surface physicochemical properties, first employing five descriptors representing the surface energy profile of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, then further incorporating traditional semi-empirical adsorption models to address concentration effects of solutes. These Advancements in surface adsorption modelling showed a promising development in the application of quantitative predictive models in biological applications, nanomedicine, and environmental safety assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3138885','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3138885"><span>Magnetic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> Therapy and Controlled Drug Delivery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kumar, Challa S. S. R.; Mohammad, Faruq</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Previous attempts to review the literature on magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> therapy focused primarily on magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using mono metallic/metal oxide nanoparticles. The term “Hyperthermia” in the literature was also confined only to include use of heat for therapeutic applications. Recently, there have been a number of publications demonstrating magnetic nanoparticle-<span class="hlt">based</span> hyperthermia to generate local heat resulting in the release of drugs either bound to the magnetic nanoparticle or encapsulated within polymeric matrices. In this review article, we present a case for broadening the meaning of the term “hyperthermia” by including thermotherapy as well as magnetically modulated controlled drug delivery. We provide a classification for controlled drug delivery using hyperthermia: Hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> controlled Drug delivery through Bond Breaking (DBB) and Hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> controlled Drug delivery through Enhanced Permeability (DEP). The review also covers, for the first time, core-shell type magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, especially nanoshells prepared using layer-by-layer self-assembly, for the application of hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> therapy and controlled drug delivery. The highlight of the review article is to portray potential opportunities in the combination of hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> therapy and controlled drug release paradigms for successful application in personalized medicine. PMID:21447363</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665525','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28665525"><span>Capillary electrophoresis and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> - Part I: Capillary electrophoresis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adam, Vojtech; Vaculovicova, Marketa</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are in analytical science used for a broad range of purposes, covering the area of sample pretreatment as well as separation, detection, and identification of target molecules. This part of the review covers capillary electrophoresis (CE) of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and focuses on the application of CE as a method for characterization used during <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> synthesis and modification as well as the monitoring of their properties and interactions with other molecules. The heterogeneity of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> family is extremely large. Depending on different definitions of the term <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>/Nanoparticle, the group may cover metal and polymeric nanoparticles, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, liposomes and even dendrimers. Moreover, these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are usually subjected to some kind of surface modification or functionalization, which broadens the diversity even more. Not only for purposes of verification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> synthesis and batch-to-batch quality check, but also for determination the polydispersity and for functionality characterization on the nanoparticle surface, has CE offered very beneficial capabilities. Finally, the monitoring of interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and other (bio)molecules is easily performed by some kind of capillary electromigration technique. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080030261','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20080030261"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Space Exploration Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Moloney, Padraig G.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>Nano-engineered materials are multi-functional materials with superior mechanical, thermal and electrical properties. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> may be used for a variety of space exploration applications, including ultracapacitors, active/passive thermal management materials, and nanofiltration for water recovery. Additional applications include electrical power/energy storage systems, hybrid systems power generation, advanced proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and air revitalization. The need for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their growth, characterization, processing and space exploration applications is discussed. Data is presented for developing solid-supported amine adsorbents <span class="hlt">based</span> on carbon nanotube materials and functionalization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is examined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28703399','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28703399"><span>CE and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> - Part II: <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in CE.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Adam, Vojtech; Vaculovicova, Marketa</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The scope of this two-part review is to summarize publications dealing with CE and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> together. This topic can be viewed from two broad perspectives, and this article is trying to highlight these two approaches: (i) CE of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and (ii) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in CE. The second part aims at summarization of publications dealing with application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for enhancement of CE performance either in terms of increasing the separation resolution or for improvement of the detection. To increase the resolution, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are employed as either surface modification of the capillary wall forming open tubular column or as additives to the separation electrolyte resulting in a pseudostationary phase. Moreover, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have proven to be very beneficial for increasing also the sensitivity of detection employed in CE or even they enable the detection (e.g., fluorescent tags of nonfluorescent molecules). © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28762520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28762520"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as stationary phases and supports in liquid chromatography.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beeram, Sandya R; Rodriguez, Elliott; Doddavenkatanna, Suresh; Li, Zhao; Pekarek, Allegra; Peev, Darin; Goerl, Kathryn; Trovato, Gianfranco; Hofmann, Tino; Hage, David S</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The development of various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> over the last few decades has led to many applications for these materials in liquid chromatography (LC). This review will look at the types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been incorporated into LC systems and the applications that have been explored for such systems. A number of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been considered for use in LC, ranging from carbon nanotubes, fullerenes and nanodiamonds to metal nanoparticles and nanostructures <span class="hlt">based</span> on silica, alumina, zirconia and titanium dioxide. Many ways have been described for incorporating these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into LC systems. These methods have included covalent immobilization, adsorption, entrapment, and the synthesis or direct development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as part of a chromatographic support. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have been used in many types of LC. These applications have included the reversed-phase, normal-phase, ion-exchange, and affinity modes of LC, as well as related methods such as chiral separations, ion-pair chromatography and hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography. Both small and large analytes (e.g., dyes, drugs, amino acids, peptides and proteins) have been used to evaluate possible applications for these <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> methods. The use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in columns, capillaries and planar chromatography has been considered as part of these efforts. Potential advantages of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in these applications have included their good chemical and physical stabilities, the variety of interactions many <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can have with analytes, and their unique retention properties in some separation formats. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5458549','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5458549"><span>Virtual substrate method for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> characterization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Da, Bo; Liu, Jiangwei; Yamamoto, Mahito; Ueda, Yoshihiro; Watanabe, Kazuyuki; Cuong, Nguyen Thanh; Li, Songlin; Tsukagoshi, Kazuhito; Yoshikawa, Hideki; Iwai, Hideo; Tanuma, Shigeo; Guo, Hongxuan; Gao, Zhaoshun; Sun, Xia; Ding, Zejun</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Characterization techniques available for bulk or thin-film solid-state materials have been extended to substrate-supported <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, but generally non-quantitatively. This is because the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> signals are inevitably buried in the signals from the underlying substrate in common reflection-configuration techniques. Here, we propose a virtual substrate method, inspired by the four-point probe technique for resistance measurement as well as the chop-nod method in infrared astronomy, to characterize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> without the influence of underlying substrate signals from four interrelated measurements. By implementing this method in secondary electron (SE) microscopy, a SE spectrum (white electrons) associated with the reflectivity difference between two different substrates can be tracked and controlled. The SE spectrum is used to quantitatively investigate the covering <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on subtle changes in the transmission of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> with high efficiency rivalling that of conventional core-level electrons. The virtual substrate method represents a benchmark for surface analysis to provide ‘free-standing' information about supported <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. PMID:28548114</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29074277','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29074277"><span>Physico-chemical properties of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> - Characterisation and relevant methods. An outlook <span class="hlt">based</span> on the OECD Testing Programme.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rasmussen, Kirsten; Rauscher, Hubert; Mech, Agnieszka; Riego Sintes, Juan; Gilliland, Douglas; González, Mar; Kearns, Peter; Moss, Kenneth; Visser, Maaike; Groenewold, Monique; Bleeker, Eric A J</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Identifying and characterising <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> require additional information on physico-chemical properties and test methods, compared to chemicals in general. Furthermore, regulatory decisions for chemicals are usually <span class="hlt">based</span> upon certain toxicological properties, and these effects may not be equivalent to those for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. However, regulatory agencies lack an authoritative decision framework for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that links the relevance of certain physico-chemical endpoints to toxicological effects. This paper investigates various physico-chemical endpoints and available test methods that could be used to produce such a decision framework for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. It presents an overview of regulatory relevance and methods used for testing fifteen proposed physico-chemical properties of eleven <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the OECD Working Party on Manufactured <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>' Testing Programme, complemented with methods from literature, and assesses the methods' adequacy and applications limits. Most endpoints are of regulatory relevance, though the specific parameters depend on the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and type of assessment. Size (distribution) is the common characteristic of all <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and is decisive information for classifying a material as a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Shape is an important particle descriptor. The octanol-water partitioning coefficient is undefined for particulate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Methods, including sample preparation, need to be further standardised, and some new methods are needed. The current work of OECD's Test Guidelines Programme regarding physico-chemical properties is highlighted. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340186','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25340186"><span>Conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for printed electronics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kamyshny, Alexander; Magdassi, Shlomo</p> <p>2014-09-10</p> <p>This is a review on recent developments in the field of conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their application in printed electronics, with particular emphasis on inkjet printing of ink formulations <span class="hlt">based</span> on metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene sheets. The review describes the basic properties of conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> suitable for printed electronics (metal nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene), their stabilization in dispersions, formulations of conductive inks, and obtaining conductive patterns by using various sintering methods. Applications of conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for electronic devices (transparent electrodes, metallization of solar cells, RFID antennas, TFTs, and light emitting devices) are also briefly reviewed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4610543','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4610543"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">Based</span> Electrochemical Sensors/Biosensors for the Sensitive Detection of Pharmaceutical and Biological Compounds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Adhikari, Bal-Ram; Govindhan, Maduraiveeran; Chen, Aicheng</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Electrochemical sensors and biosensors have attracted considerable attention for the sensitive detection of a variety of biological and pharmaceutical compounds. Since the discovery of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including carbon nanotubes, C60 and graphene, they have garnered tremendous interest for their potential in the design of high-performance electrochemical sensor platforms due to their exceptional thermal, mechanical, electronic, and catalytic properties. Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical sensors have been employed for the detection of various analytes with rapid electron transfer kinetics. This feature article focuses on the recent design and use of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, primarily single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), SWCNTs-rGO, Au nanoparticle-rGO nanocomposites, and buckypaper as sensing materials for the electrochemical detection of some representative biological and pharmaceutical compounds such as methylglyoxal, acetaminophen, valacyclovir, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide hydrate (NADH), and glucose. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of SWCNTs, rGO, and SWCNT-rGO for the detection of acetaminophen and valacyclovir was comparatively studied, revealing that SWCNT-rGO nanocomposites possess excellent electrocatalytic activity in comparison to individual SWCNT and rGO platforms. The sensitive, reliable and rapid analysis of critical disease biomarkers and globally emerging pharmaceutical compounds at carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> electrochemical sensor platforms may enable an extensive range of applications in preemptive medical diagnostics. PMID:26404304</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........16J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT........16J"><span>Photoinduced toxicity of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jones, Philip Scott</p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including metal, metal oxide and carbon <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are extensively used in a wide variety of applications to the extent that their presence in the environment is expected to increase dramatically over the next century. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may be photodegraded by solar radiation and thereby release metal ions into the environment that can produce cytotoxic and genotoxic effects. Photoinduced toxicity experiments are performed exposing human lung epithelial carcinoma cells [H1650] to engineered semiconductor nanoparticles such as CdSe quantum dots and ZnO nanoparticles after exposure to 3, 6, and 9 hours of solar simulated radiation. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the metal ions are evaluated using ZnSO4 and CdCl2 solutions for the MTT assay and Comet assay respectively. The objective of the dissertation is to obtain quantitative information about the environmental transformation of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their mechanism of toxicity. This information is critical for addressing the environmental health and safety risks of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to workers, consumers and the environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29594566','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29594566"><span>Electrochemical nonenzymatic sensing of glucose using advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dhara, Keerthy; Mahapatra, Debiprosad Roy</p> <p>2017-12-13</p> <p>An overview (with 376 refs.) is given here on the current state of methods for electrochemical sensing of glucose <span class="hlt">based</span> on the use of advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. An introduction into the field covers aspects of enzyme <span class="hlt">based</span> sensing versus nonenzymatic sensing using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The next chapter cover the most commonly used <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for use in such sensors, with sections on uses of noble metals, transition metals, metal oxides, metal hydroxides, and metal sulfides, on bimetallic nanoparticles and alloys, and on other composites. A further section treats electrodes <span class="hlt">based</span> on the use of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (with subsections on carbon nanotubes, on graphene, graphene oxide and carbon dots, and on other carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The mechanisms for electro-catalysis are also discussed, and several Tables are given where the performance of sensors is being compared. Finally, the review addresses merits and limitations (such as the frequent need for working in strongly etching alkaline solutions and the need for diluting samples because sensors often have analytical ranges that are far below the glucose levels found in blood). We also address market/technology gaps in comparison to commercially available enzymatic sensors. Graphical Abstract Schematic representation of electrochemical nonenzymatic glucose sensing on the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> modified electrodes. At an applied potential, the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-modified electrodes exhibit excellent electrocatalytic activity for direct oxidation of glucose oxidation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......450M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......450M"><span>Engineered metal <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in aqueous environments: Interactions, transformations and implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mudunkotuwa, Imali Ama</p> <p></p> <p>Nanoscience and nanotechnology offer potential routes towards addressing critical issues such as clean and sustainable energy, environmental protection and human health. Specifically, metal and metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are found in a wide range of applications and therefore hold a greater potential of possible release into the environment or for the human to be exposed. Understanding the aqueous phase behavior of metal and metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is a key factor in the safe design of these materials because their interactions with living systems are always mediated through the aqueous phase. Broadly the transformations in the aqueous phase can be classified as dissolution, aggregation and adsorption which are dependent and linked processes to one another. The complexity of these processes at the liquid-solid interface has therefore been one of the grand challenges that has persisted since the beginning of nanotechnology. Although classical models provide guidance for understanding dissolution and aggregation of nanoparticles in water, there are many uncertainties associated with the recent findings. This is often due to a lack of fundamental knowledge of the surface structure and surface energetics for very small particles. Therefore currently the environmental health and safety studies related to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are more focused on understanding the surface chemistry that governs the overall processes in the liquid-solid interfacial region at the molecular level. The metal <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> focused on in this dissertation include TiO2, ZnO, Cu and CuO. These are among the most heavily used in a number of applications ranging from uses in the construction industry to cosmetic formulation. Therefore they are produced in large scale and have been detected in the environment. There is debate within the scientific community related to their safety as a result of the lack of understanding on the surface interactions that arise from the detailed nature of the surfaces</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3245877','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3245877"><span>Aptamer-conjugated <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Liu; Ye, Mao; Yang, Ronghua; Fu, Ting; Chen, Yan; Wang, Kemin</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The combination of aptamers with novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> aptamer bioconjugates. has attracted considerable interest and has led to a wide variety of applications. In this review, we discuss how a variety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including gold, silica and magnetic nanoparticles, as well as carbon nanotubes, hydrogels, liposomes and micelles, have been used to functionalize aptamers for a variety of applications. These aptamer functionalized materials have led to advances in amplified biosensing, cancer cell-specific recognition, high-efficiency separation, and targeted drug delivery. PMID:22016112</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5335973','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5335973"><span>Recent Advances in Silicon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Fluorescent Sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Houyu; He, Yao</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>During the past decades, owing to silicon nanomaterials’ unique optical properties, benign biocompatibility, and abundant surface chemistry, different dimensional silicon nanostructures have been widely employed for rationally designing and fabricating high-performance fluorescent sensors for the detection of various chemical and biological species. Among of these, zero-dimensional silicon nanoparticles (SiNPs) and one-dimensional silicon nanowires (SiNWs) are of particular interest. Herein, we focus on reviewing recent advances in silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> fluorescent sensors from a broad perspective and discuss possible future directions. Firstly, we introduce the latest achievement of zero-dimensional SiNP-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors. Next, we present recent advances of one-dimensional SiNW-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors. Finally, we discuss the major challenges and prospects for the development of silicon-<span class="hlt">based</span> fluorescent sensors. PMID:28165357</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206605','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24206605"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for membrane fouling control: accomplishments and challenges.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Qian; Mi, Baoxia</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>We report a review of recent research efforts on incorporating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>-including metal/metal oxide nanoparticles, carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and polymeric <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>-into/onto membranes to improve membrane antifouling properties in biomedical or potentially medical-related applications. In general, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be incorporated into/onto a membrane by blending them into membrane fabricating materials or by attaching them to membrane surfaces via physical or chemical approaches. Overall, the fascinating, multifaceted properties (eg, high hydrophilicity, superparamagnetic properties, antibacterial properties, amenable functionality, strong hydration capability) of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> provide numerous novel strategies and unprecedented opportunities to fully mitigate membrane fouling. However, there are still challenges in achieving a broader adoption of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the membrane processes used for biomedical applications. Most of these challenges arise from the concerns over their long-term antifouling performance, hemocompatibility, and toxicity toward humans. Therefore, rigorous investigation is still needed before the adoption of some of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biomedical applications, especially for those <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> proposed to be used in the human body or in contact with living tissue/body fluids for a long period of time. Nevertheless, it is reasonable to predict that the service lifetime of membrane-<span class="hlt">based</span> biomedical devices and implants will be prolonged significantly with the adoption of appropriate fouling control strategies. Copyright © 2013 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26010739','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26010739"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Engineering Stem Cell Responses.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kerativitayanan, Punyavee; Carrow, James K; Gaharwar, Akhilesh K</p> <p>2015-08-05</p> <p>Recent progress in nanotechnology has stimulated the development of multifunctional biomaterials for tissue engineering applications. Synergistic interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and stem cell engineering offer numerous possibilities to address some of the daunting challenges in regenerative medicine, such as controlling trigger differentiation, immune reactions, limited supply of stem cells, and engineering complex tissue structures. Specifically, the interactions between stem cells and their microenvironment play key roles in controlling stem cell fate, which underlines therapeutic success. However, the interactions between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and stem cells are not well understood, and the effects of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> shape, surface morphology, and chemical functionality on cellular processes need critical evaluation. In this Review, focus is put on recent development in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-stem cell interactions, with specific emphasis on their application in regenerative medicine. Further, the emerging technologies <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> developed over the past decade for stem cell engineering are reviewed, as well as the potential applications of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in tissue regeneration, stem cell isolation, and drug/gene delivery. It is anticipated that the enhanced understanding of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-stem cell interactions will facilitate improved biomaterial design for a range of biomedical and biotechnological applications. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29289816','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29289816"><span>Electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms <span class="hlt">based</span> on advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biological and biomedical applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maduraiveeran, Govindhan; Sasidharan, Manickam; Ganesan, Vellaichamy</p> <p>2018-04-30</p> <p>Introduction of novel functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and analytical technologies signify a foremost possibility for the advance of electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms/devices for a broad series of applications including biological, biomedical, biotechnological, clinical and medical diagnostics, environmental and health monitoring, and food industries. The design of sensitive and selective electrochemical biological sensor platforms are accomplished conceivably by offering new surface modifications, microfabrication techniques, and diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with unique properties for in vivo and in vitro medical analysis via relating a sensibly planned electrode/solution interface. The advantageous attributes such as low-cost, miniaturization, energy efficient, easy fabrication, online monitoring, and the simultaneous sensing capability are the driving force towards continued growth of electrochemical biosensing platforms, which have fascinated the interdisciplinary research arenas spanning chemistry, material science, biological science, and medical industries. The electrochemical biosensor platforms have potential applications in the early-stage detection and diagnosis of disease as stout and tunable diagnostic and therapeutic systems. The key aim of this review is to emphasize the newest development in the design of sensing and biosensing platforms <span class="hlt">based</span> on functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biological and biomedical applications. High sensitivity and selectivity, fast response, and excellent durability in biological media are all critical aspects which will also be wisely addressed. Potential applications of electrochemical sensor and biosensor platforms <span class="hlt">based</span> on advanced functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for neuroscience diagnostics, clinical, point-of-care diagnostics and medical industries are also concisely presented. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24749433','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24749433"><span>Non-covalently functionalized carbon nanostructures for synthesizing carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Haiqing; Song, Sing I; Song, Ga Young; Kim, Il</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Carbon nanostructures (CNSs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene sheets, and nanodiamonds provide an important type of substrate for constructing a variety of hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. However, their intrinsic chemistry-inert surfaces make it indispensable to pre-functionalize them prior to immobilizing additional components onto their surfaces. Currently developed strategies for functionalizing CNSs include covalent and non-covalent approaches. Conventional covalent treatments often damage the structure integrity of carbon surfaces and adversely affect their physical properties. In contrast, the non-covalent approach offers a non-destructive way to modify CNSs with desired functional surfaces, while reserving their intrinsic properties. Thus far, a number of surface modifiers including aromatic compounds, small-molecular surfactants, amphiphilic polymers, and biomacromolecules have been developed to non-covalently functionalize CNS surfaces. Mediated by these surface modifiers, various functional components such as organic species and inorganic nanoparticles were further decorated onto their surfaces, resulting in versatile carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with broad applications in chemical engineering and biomedical areas. In this review, the recent advances in the generation of such hybrid nanostructures <span class="hlt">based</span> on non-covalently functionalized CNSs will be reviewed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5713132','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5713132"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Biomass-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Fuel-Fed Fuel Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vestergaard, Mun’delanji C.; Tamiya, Eiichi</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Environmental and sustainable economical concerns are generating a growing interest in biofuels predominantly produced from biomass. It would be ideal if an energy conversion device could directly extract energy from a sustainable energy resource such as biomass. Unfortunately, up to now, such a direct conversion device produces insufficient power to meet the demand of practical applications. To realize the future of biofuel-fed fuel cells as a green energy conversion device, efforts have been devoted to the development of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with tunable electronic and surface characteristics to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts and/or as supporting matrix for metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> electrocatalysts. We present here a mini review on the recent advances in carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> catalysts for each type of biofuel-fed/biofuel cells that directly/indirectly extract energy from biomass resources, and discuss the challenges and perspectives in this developing field. PMID:29125564</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125564','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29125564"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Biomass-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Fuel-Fed Fuel Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hoa, Le Quynh; Vestergaard, Mun'delanji C; Tamiya, Eiichi</p> <p>2017-11-10</p> <p>Environmental and sustainable economical concerns are generating a growing interest in biofuels predominantly produced from biomass. It would be ideal if an energy conversion device could directly extract energy from a sustainable energy resource such as biomass. Unfortunately, up to now, such a direct conversion device produces insufficient power to meet the demand of practical applications. To realize the future of biofuel-fed fuel cells as a green energy conversion device, efforts have been devoted to the development of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with tunable electronic and surface characteristics to act as efficient metal-free electrocatalysts and/or as supporting matrix for metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> electrocatalysts. We present here a mini review on the recent advances in carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> catalysts for each type of biofuel-fed/biofuel cells that directly/indirectly extract energy from biomass resources, and discuss the challenges and perspectives in this developing field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27373809','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27373809"><span>Graphene-like 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biointerfaces for biosensing applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Chengzhou; Du, Dan; Lin, Yuehe</p> <p>2017-03-15</p> <p>Due to their unique structures and multifunctionalities, two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have aroused increasing interest in the construction of the novel biointerfaces for biosensing applications. Efforts in constructing novel biointerfaces led to exploit the more versatile and tunable graphene-like 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g. graphitic carbon nitride, boron nitride, transition metal dichalcogenides, and transition metal oxides) with various structural and compositional characteristics. This review highlights recent efforts in the design of graphene-like 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their derived biointerfaces and exploitation of their research on fluorescent sensors and a series of electrochemical sensors, including amperometric, electrochemiluminescence, photoelectrochemical and field-effect transistor sensors. Finally, we discuss some critical challenges and future perspectives in this field. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...814297K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...814297K"><span>Future prospects of luminescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> security inks: from synthesis to anti-counterfeiting applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar, Pawan; Singh, Satbir; Gupta, Bipin Kumar</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Counterfeiting of valuable documents, currency and branded products is a challenging problem that has serious economic, security and health ramifications for governments, businesses and consumers all over the world. It is estimated that counterfeiting represents a multi-billion dollar underground economy with counterfeit products being produced on a large scale every year. Counterfeiting is an increasingly high-tech crime and calls for high-tech solutions to prevent and deter the acts of counterfeiting. The present review briefly outlines and addresses the key challenges in this area, including the above mentioned concerns for anti-counterfeiting applications. This article describes a unique combination of all possible kinds of security ink formulations <span class="hlt">based</span> on lanthanide doped luminescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, quantum dots (semiconductor and carbon <span class="hlt">based</span>), metal organic frameworks as well as plasmonic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for their possible use in anti-counterfeiting applications. Moreover, in this review, we have briefly discussed and described the historical background of luminescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, basic concepts and detailed synthesis methods along with their characterization. Furthermore, we have also discussed the methods adopted for the fabrication and design of luminescent security inks, various security printing techniques and their anti-counterfeiting applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5449158','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5449158"><span>Antibacterial properties and toxicity from metallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vimbela, Gina V; Ngo, Sang M; Fraze, Carolyn; Yang, Lei; Stout, David A</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The era of antibiotic resistance is a cause of increasing concern as bacteria continue to develop adaptive countermeasures against current antibiotics at an alarming rate. In recent years, studies have reported nanoparticles as a promising alternative to antibacterial reagents because of their exhibited antibacterial activity in several biomedical applications, including drug and gene delivery, tissue engineering, and imaging. Moreover, <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> research has led to reports of a possible relationship between the morphological characteristics of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and the magnitude of its delivered toxicity. However, conventional synthesis of nanoparticles requires harsh chemicals and costly energy consumption. Additionally, the exact relationship between toxicity and morphology of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has not been well established. Here, we review the recent advancements in synthesis techniques for silver, gold, copper, titanium, zinc oxide, and magnesium oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and composites, with a focus on the toxicity exhibited by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of multidimensions. This article highlights the benefits of selecting each material or metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> composite for certain applications while also addressing possible setbacks and the toxic effects of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the environment. PMID:28579779</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22689171-emerging-systems-biology-approaches-nanotoxicology-towards-mechanism-based-understanding-nanomaterial-hazard-risk','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22689171-emerging-systems-biology-approaches-nanotoxicology-towards-mechanism-based-understanding-nanomaterial-hazard-risk"><span>Emerging systems biology approaches in nanotoxicology: Towards a mechanism-<span class="hlt">based</span> understanding of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard and risk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Costa, Pedro M.; Fadeel, Bengt, E-mail: Bengt.Fade</p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being developed for a variety of technological applications. However, the increasing use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in society has led to concerns about their potential adverse effects on human health and the environment. During the first decade of nanotoxicological research, the realization has emerged that effective risk assessment of the multitudes of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> would benefit from a comprehensive understanding of their toxicological mechanisms, which is difficult to achieve with traditional, low-throughput, single end-point oriented approaches. Therefore, systems biology approaches are being progressively applied within the nano(eco)toxicological sciences. This novel paradigm implies that the study of biological systems shouldmore » be integrative resulting in quantitative and predictive models of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> behaviour in a biological system. To this end, global ‘omics’ approaches with which to assess changes in genes, proteins, metabolites, etc. are deployed allowing for computational modelling of the biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here, we highlight omics and systems biology studies in nanotoxicology, aiming towards the implementation of a systems nanotoxicology and mechanism-<span class="hlt">based</span> risk assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. - Highlights: • Systems nanotoxicology is a multi-disciplinary approach to quantitative modelling. • Transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics remain the most common methods. • Global “omics” techniques should be coupled to computational modelling approaches. • The discovery of nano-specific toxicity pathways and biomarkers is a prioritized goal. • Overall, experimental nanosafety research must endeavour reproducibility and relevance.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..179L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..179L"><span>Classifying <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Risks Using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Linkov, I.; Steevens, J.; Chappell, M.; Tervonen, T.; Figueira, J. R.; Merad, M.</p> <p></p> <p>There is rapidly growing interest by regulatory agencies and stakeholders in the potential toxicity and other risks associated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> throughout the different stages of the product life cycle (e.g., development, production, use and disposal). Risk assessment methods and tools developed and applied to chemical and biological material may not be readily adaptable for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> because of the current uncertainty in identifying the relevant physico-chemical and biological properties that adequately describe the materials. Such uncertainty is further driven by the substantial variations in the properties of the original material because of the variable manufacturing processes employed in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> production. To guide scientists and engineers in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> research and application as well as promote the safe use/handling of these materials, we propose a decision support system for classifying <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into different risk categories. The classification system is <span class="hlt">based</span> on a set of performance metrics that measure both the toxicity and physico-chemical characteristics of the original materials, as well as the expected environmental impacts through the product life cycle. The stochastic multicriteria acceptability analysis (SMAA-TRI), a formal decision analysis method, was used as the foundation for this task. This method allowed us to cluster various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in different risk categories <span class="hlt">based</span> on our current knowledge of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'s physico-chemical characteristics, variation in produced material, and best professional judgement. SMAA-TRI uses Monte Carlo simulations to explore all feasible values for weights, criteria measurements, and other model parameters to assess the robustness of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> grouping for risk management purposes.1,2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4024087','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4024087"><span>Techniques for physicochemical characterization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lin, Ping-Chang; Lin, Stephen; Wang, Paul C.; Sridhar, Rajagopalan</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Advances in nanotechnology have opened up a new era of diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases and traumatic injuries. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, including those with potential for clinical applications, possess novel physicochemical properties that have an impact on their physiological interactions, from the molecular level to the systemic level. There is a lack of standardized methodologies or regulatory protocols for detection or characterization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This review summarizes the techniques that are commonly used to study the size, shape, surface properties, composition, purity and stability of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, along with their advantages and disadvantages. At present there are no FDA guidelines that have been developed specifically for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> formulations for diagnostic or therapeutic use. There is an urgent need for standardized protocols and procedures for the characterization of nanoparticles, especially those that are intended for use as theranostics. PMID:24252561</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140016619','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140016619"><span>Electrodynamic Arrays Having <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Electrodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Trigwell, Steven (Inventor); Biris, Alexandru S. (Inventor); Calle, Carlos I. (Inventor)</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>An electrodynamic array of conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> electrodes and a method of making such an electrodynamic array. In one embodiment, a liquid solution containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is deposited as an array of conductive electrodes on a substrate, including rigid or flexible substrates such as fabrics, and opaque or transparent substrates. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> electrodes may also be grown in situ. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may include carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, other organic or inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> or mixtures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..177G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..177G"><span>Price tag in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gkika, D. A.; Vordos, N.; Nolan, J. W.; Mitropoulos, A. C.; Vansant, E. F.; Cool, P.; Braet, J.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>With the evolution of the field of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the past number of years, it has become apparent that it will be key to future technological developments. However, while there are unlimited research undertakings on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, limited research results on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> costs exist; all in spite of the generous funding that nanotechnology projects have received. There has recently been an exponential increase in the number of studies concerning health-related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, considering the various medical applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that drive medical innovation. This work aims to analyze the effect of the cost factor on acceptability of health-related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> independently or in relation to material toxicity. It appears that, from the materials studied, those used for cancer treatment applications are more expensive than the ones for drug delivery. The ability to evaluate cost implications improves the ability to undertake research mapping and develop opinions on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that can drive innovation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=341357&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=quantitative+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=341357&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=quantitative+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>“NaKnowBase”: A <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Relational Database</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>NaKnow<span class="hlt">Base</span> is an internal relational database populated with data from peer-reviewed ORD <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research publications. The database focuses on papers describing the actions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in environmental or biological media including their interactions, transformations...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4703119','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4703119"><span>Toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sharifi, Shahriar; Behzadi, Shahed; Laurent, Sophie; Forrest, M. Laird; Stroeve, Pieter</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Nanoscience has matured significantly during the last decade as it has transitioned from bench top science to applied technology. Presently, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are used in a wide variety of commercial products such as electronic components, sports equipment, sun creams and biomedical applications. There are few studies of the long-term consequences of nanoparticles on human health, but governmental agencies, including the United States National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health and Japan’s Ministry of Health, have recently raised the question of whether seemingly innocuous materials such as carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanotubes should be treated with the same caution afforded known carcinogens such as asbestos. Since <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are increasing a part of everyday consumer products, manufacturing processes, and medical products, it is imperative that both workers and end-users be protected from inhalation of potentially toxic NPs. It also suggests that NPs may need to be sequestered into products so that the NPs are not released into the atmosphere during the product’s life or during recycling. Further, non-inhalation routes of NP absorption, including dermal and medical injectables, must be studied in order to understand possible toxic effects. Fewer studies to date have addressed whether the body can eventually eliminate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to prevent particle build-up in tissues or organs. This critical review discusses the biophysicochemical properties of various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with emphasis on currently available toxicology data and methodologies for evaluating nanoparticle toxicity. PMID:22170510</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=341357&keyword=contact&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=341357&keyword=contact&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>“NaKnowBase”: A <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Relational Database</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>NaKnow<span class="hlt">Base</span> is a relational database populated with data from peer-reviewed ORD <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research publications. The database focuses on papers describing the actions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in environmental or biological media including their interactions, transformations and poten...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26134290','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26134290"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the bioanalytical detection of disease-related genes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Xiaoqian; Li, Jiao; He, Hanping; Huang, Min; Zhang, Xiuhua; Wang, Shengfu</p> <p>2015-12-15</p> <p>In the diagnosis of genetic diseases and disorders, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> gene detection systems have significant advantages over conventional diagnostic systems in terms of simplicity, sensitivity, specificity, and portability. In this review, we describe the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for disease-related genes detection in different methods excluding PCR-related method, such as colorimetry, fluorescence-<span class="hlt">based</span> methods, electrochemistry, microarray methods, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) methods, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The most commonly used <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are gold, silver, carbon and semiconducting nanoparticles. Various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> gene detection methods are introduced, their respective advantages are discussed, and selected examples are provided to illustrate the properties of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their emerging applications for the detection of specific nucleic acid sequences. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5469646','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5469646"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Electrochemical Immunosensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pan, Mingfei; Gu, Ying; Yun, Yaguang; Li, Min; Jin, Xincui; Wang, Shuo</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Electrochemical immunosensors resulting from a combination of the traditional immunoassay approach with modern biosensors and electrochemical analysis constitute a current research hotspot. They exhibit both the high selectivity characteristics of immunoassays and the high sensitivity of electrochemical analysis, along with other merits such as small volume, convenience, low cost, simple preparation, and real-time on-line detection, and have been widely used in the fields of environmental monitoring, medical clinical trials and food analysis. Notably, the rapid development of nanotechnology and the wide application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have provided new opportunities for the development of high-performance electrochemical immunosensors. Various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with different properties can effectively solve issues such as the immobilization of biological recognition molecules, enrichment and concentration of trace analytes, and signal detection and amplification to further enhance the stability and sensitivity of the electrochemical immunoassay procedure. This review introduces the working principles and development of electrochemical immunosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on different signals, along with new achievements and progress related to electrochemical immunosensors in various fields. The importance of various types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for improving the performance of electrochemical immunosensor is also reviewed to provide a theoretical basis and guidance for the further development and application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in electrochemical immunosensors. PMID:28475158</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCAMD..32..487S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCAMD..32..487S"><span>Impact of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (GBNMs) on the structural and functional conformations of hepcidin peptide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singh, Krishna P.; Baweja, Lokesh; Wolkenhauer, Olaf; Rahman, Qamar; Gupta, Shailendra K.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (GBNMs) are widely used in various industrial and biomedical applications. GBNMs of different compositions, size and shapes are being introduced without thorough toxicity evaluation due to the unavailability of regulatory guidelines. Computational toxicity prediction methods are used by regulatory bodies to quickly assess health hazards caused by newer materials. Due to increasing demand of GBNMs in various size and functional groups in industrial and consumer <span class="hlt">based</span> applications, rapid and reliable computational toxicity assessment methods are urgently needed. In the present work, we investigate the impact of graphene and graphene oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the structural conformations of small hepcidin peptide and compare the materials for their structural and conformational changes. Our molecular dynamics simulation studies revealed conformational changes in hepcidin due to its interaction with GBMNs, which results in a loss of its functional properties. Our results indicate that hepcidin peptide undergo severe structural deformations when superimposed on the graphene sheet in comparison to graphene oxide sheet. These observations suggest that graphene is more toxic than a graphene oxide nanosheet of similar area. Overall, this study indicates that computational methods <span class="hlt">based</span> on structural deformation, using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, can be used for the early evaluation of toxicity potential of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........81R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........81R"><span>Biological and ecological responses to carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ratnikova, Tatsiana A.</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation examines the biological and ecological responses to carbon nanoparticles, a major class of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which have been mass produced and extensively studied for their rich physical properties and commercial values. Chapter I of this dissertation offers a comprehensive review on the structures, properties, applications, and implications of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, especially related to the perspectives of biological and ecosystems. Given that there are many types of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> available, this chapter is focused on three major types of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> only, namely, fullerenes, single walled and multi-walled carbon nanotubes. On the whole organism level, specifically, Chapter II presents a first study on the fate of fullerenes and multiwalled carbon nanotubes in rice plants, which was facilitated by the self assembly of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with NOM. The aspects of fullerene uptake, translocation, biodistribution, and generational transfer in the plants were examined and quantified using bright field and electron microscopy, FT-Raman, and FTIR spectroscopy. The uptake and transport of fullerene in the plant vascular system were attributed to water transpiration, convection, capillary force, and the fullerene concentration gradient from the roots to the leaves of the plants. On the cellular level, Chapter III documents the differential uptake of hydrophilic C60(OH)20 vs. amphiphilic C70-NOM complex in Allium cepa plant cells and HT-29 colon carcinoma cells. This study was conducted using a plant cell viability assay, and complemented by bright field, fluorescence and electron microscopy imaging. In particular, C60(OH)20 and C70-NOM showed contrasting uptake in both the plant and mammalian cells, due to their significant differences in physicochemistry and the presence of an extra hydrophobic plant cell wall in the plant cells. Consequently, C60(OH)20 was found to induce toxicity in Allium cepa cells but not in HT-29 cells, while C70</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012itcb.book..197T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012itcb.book..197T"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Defense Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turaga, Uday; Singh, Vinitkumar; Lalagiri, Muralidhar; Kiekens, Paul; Ramkumar, Seshadri S.</p> <p></p> <p>Nanotechnology has found a number of applications in electronics and healthcare. Within the textile field, applications of nanotechnology have been limited to filters, protective liners for chemical and biological clothing and nanocoatings. This chapter presents an overview of the applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as nanofibers and nanoparticles that are of use to military and industrial sectors. An effort has been made to categorize nanofibers <span class="hlt">based</span> on the method of production. This chapter particularly focuses on a few latest developments that have taken place with regard to the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as metal oxides in the defense arena.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315216','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26315216"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-enabled Rapid Detection of Water Contaminants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mao, Shun; Chang, Jingbo; Zhou, Guihua; Chen, Junhong</p> <p>2015-10-28</p> <p>Water contaminants, e.g., inorganic chemicals and microorganisms, are critical metrics for water quality monitoring and have significant impacts on human health and plants/organisms living in water. The scope and focus of this review is <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> optical, electronic, and electrochemical sensors for rapid detection of water contaminants, e.g., heavy metals, anions, and bacteria. These contaminants are commonly found in different water systems. The importance of water quality monitoring and control demands significant advancement in the detection of contaminants in water because current sensing technologies for water contaminants have limitations. The advantages of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> sensing technologies are highlighted and recent progress on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> sensors for rapid water contaminant detection is discussed. An outlook for future research into this rapidly growing field is also provided. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124979','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29124979"><span>Mesoporous carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in drug delivery and biomedical application.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhao, Qinfu; Lin, Yuanzhe; Han, Ning; Li, Xian; Geng, Hongjian; Wang, Xiudan; Cui, Yu; Wang, Siling</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Recent development of nano-technology provides highly efficient and versatile treatment methods to achieve better therapeutic efficacy and lower side effects of malignant cancer. The exploration of drug delivery systems (DDSs) <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nano-material</span> shows great promise in translating nano-technology to clinical use to benefit patients. As an emerging inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, mesoporous carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (MCNs) possess both the mesoporous structure and the carbonaceous composition, endowing them with superior nature compared with mesoporous silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and other carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials, such as carbon nanotube, graphene and fullerene. In this review, we highlighted the cutting-edge progress of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as drug delivery systems (DDSs), including immediate/sustained drug delivery systems and controlled/targeted drug delivery systems. In addition, several representative biomedical applications of mesoporous carbon such as (1) photo-chemo synergistic therapy; (2) delivery of therapeutic biomolecule and (3) in vivo bioimaging are discussed and integrated. Finally, potential challenges and outlook for future development of mesoporous carbon in biomedical fields have been discussed in detail.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137218','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25137218"><span>Layered double hydroxide-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as highly efficient catalysts and adsorbents.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Changming; Wei, Min; Evans, David G; Duan, Xue</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p>Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are a class of anion clays consisting of brucite-like host layers and interlayer anions, which have attracted increasing interest in the fields of catalysis/adsorption. By virtue of the versatility in composition, morphology, and architecture of LDH materials, as well as their unique structural properties (intercalation, topological transformation, and self-assembly with other functional materials), LDHs display great potential in the design and fabrication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> applied in photocatalysis, heterogeneous catalysis, and adsorption/separation processes. Taking advantage of the structural merits and various control synthesis strategies of LDHs, the active center structure (e.g., crystal facets, defects, geometric and electronic states, etc.) and macro-nano morphology can be facilely manipulated for specific catalytic/adsorbent processes with largely enhanced performances. In this review, the latest advancements in the design and preparation of LDH-<span class="hlt">based</span> functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for sustainable development in catalysis and adsorption are summarized. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27556041','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27556041"><span>National Survey of Workplaces Handling and Manufacturing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, Exposure to and Health Effects of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, and Evaluation of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Safety Data Sheets.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Jeongho; Yu, Il Je</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A national survey on workplace environment <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> handling and manufacturing was conducted in 2014. Workplaces relevant to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were in the order of TiO2 (91), SiO2 (88), carbon black (84), Ag (35), Al2O3 (35), ZnO (34), Pb (33), and CeO2 (31). The survey results indicated that the number of workplaces handling or manufacturing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> was 340 (0.27% of total 126,846) workplaces. The number of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used and products was 546 (1.60 per company) and 583 (1.71 per company), respectively. For most workplaces, the results on exposure to hazardous particulate materials, including <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, were below current OELs, yet a few workplaces were above the action level. As regards the health status of workers, 9 workers were diagnosed with a suspected respiratory occupational disease, where 7 were recommended for regular follow-up health monitoring. 125 safety data sheets (SDSs) were collected from the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-relevant workplaces and evaluated for their completeness and reliability. Only 4 CNT SDSs (3.2%) included the term <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, while most <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> SDSs were not regularly updated and lacked hazard information. When taken together, the current analysis provides valuable national-level information on the exposure and health status of workers that can guide the next policy steps for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> management in the workplace.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4983336','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4983336"><span>National Survey of Workplaces Handling and Manufacturing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, Exposure to and Health Effects of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, and Evaluation of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Safety Data Sheets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A national survey on workplace environment <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> handling and manufacturing was conducted in 2014. Workplaces relevant to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were in the order of TiO2 (91), SiO2 (88), carbon black (84), Ag (35), Al2O3 (35), ZnO (34), Pb (33), and CeO2 (31). The survey results indicated that the number of workplaces handling or manufacturing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> was 340 (0.27% of total 126,846) workplaces. The number of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used and products was 546 (1.60 per company) and 583 (1.71 per company), respectively. For most workplaces, the results on exposure to hazardous particulate materials, including <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, were below current OELs, yet a few workplaces were above the action level. As regards the health status of workers, 9 workers were diagnosed with a suspected respiratory occupational disease, where 7 were recommended for regular follow-up health monitoring. 125 safety data sheets (SDSs) were collected from the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-relevant workplaces and evaluated for their completeness and reliability. Only 4 CNT SDSs (3.2%) included the term <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, while most <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> SDSs were not regularly updated and lacked hazard information. When taken together, the current analysis provides valuable national-level information on the exposure and health status of workers that can guide the next policy steps for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> management in the workplace. PMID:27556041</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=240048&keyword=nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=240048&keyword=nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Development and In Vitro Bioactivity Profiling of Alternative Sustainable <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Sustainable, environmentally benign <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (NMs) are being designed as alternatives <span class="hlt">based</span> on functionality to conventional metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (NMs) in order to minimize potential risk to human health and the environment. Development of rapid methods to evaluate the ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5566264','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5566264"><span>Plasmonics of 2D <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Properties and Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Yu; Li, Ziwei; Chi, Cheng; Shan, Hangyong; Zheng, Liheng</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Plasmonics has developed for decades in the field of condensed matter physics and optics. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the classical Maxwell theory, collective excitations exhibit profound light‐matter interaction properties beyond classical physics in lots of material systems. With the development of nanofabrication and characterization technology, ultra‐thin two‐dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> attract tremendous interest and show exceptional plasmonic properties. Here, we elaborate the advanced optical properties of 2D materials especially graphene and monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), review the plasmonic properties of graphene, and discuss the coupling effect in hybrid 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Then, the plasmonic tuning methods of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are presented from theoretical models to experimental investigations. Furthermore, we reveal the potential applications in photocatalysis, photovoltaics and photodetections, <span class="hlt">based</span> on the development of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we make a prospect for the future theoretical physics and practical applications. PMID:28852608</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322514','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28322514"><span>Strategies to Improve Cancer Photothermal Therapy Mediated by <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Melo-Diogo, Duarte; Pais-Silva, Cleide; Dias, Diana R; Moreira, André F; Correia, Ilídio J</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>The deployment of hyperthermia-<span class="hlt">based</span> treatments for cancer therapy has captured the attention of different researchers worldwide. In particular, the application of light-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to mediate hyperthermia has revealed promising results in several pre-clinical assays. Unlike conventional therapies, these nanostructures can display a preferential tumor accumulation and thus mediate, upon irradiation with near-infrared light, a selective hyperthermic effect with temporal resolution. Different types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as those <span class="hlt">based</span> on gold, carbon, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, iron, palladium and conjugated polymers have been used for this photothermal modality. This progress report summarizes the different strategies that have been applied so far for increasing the efficacy of the photothermal therapeutic effect mediated by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, namely those that improve the accumulation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in tumors (e.g. by changing the corona composition or through the functionalization with targeting ligands), increase <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' intrinsic capacity to generate photoinduced heat (e.g. by synthesizing new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> or assembling nanostructures) or by optimizing the parameters related to the laser light used in the irradiation process (e.g. by modulating the radiation wavelength). Overall, the development of new strategies or the optimization and combination of the existing ones will surely give a major contribution for the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cancer PTT. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4150468','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4150468"><span>Effects of Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> on Plants Growth: An Overview</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bagheri, Samira; Muhd Julkapli, Nurhidayatullaili; Juraimi, Abdul Shukor; Hashemi, Farahnaz Sadat Golestan</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Rapid development and wide applications of nanotechnology brought about a significant increment on the number of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENs) inevitably entering our living system. Plants comprise of a very important living component of the terrestrial ecosystem. Studies on the influence of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (carbon and metal/metal oxides <span class="hlt">based</span>) on plant growth indicated that in the excess content, engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> influences seed germination. It assessed the shoot-to-root ratio and the growth of the seedlings. From the toxicological studies to date, certain types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be toxic once they are not bound to a substrate or if they are freely circulating in living systems. It is assumed that the different types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> affect the different routes, behavior, and the capability of the plants. Furthermore, different, or even opposing conclusions, have been drawn from most studies on the interactions between engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with plants. Therefore, this paper comprehensively reviews the studies on the different types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their interactions with different plant species, including the phytotoxicity, uptakes, and translocation of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by the plant at the whole plant and cellular level. PMID:25202734</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14..786O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012JNR....14..786O"><span>Risk assessment strategies as <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> transition into commercial applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Olson, Mira S.; Gurian, Patrick L.</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>Commercial applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are rapidly emerging in the marketplace. The environmental and human health risks of many <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> remain unknown, and prioritizing how to efficiently assess their risks is essential. As <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are incorporated into a broader range of commercial products, their potential for environmental release and human exposure not only increases, but also becomes more difficult to model accurately. Emphasis may first be placed on estimating potential environmental exposure <span class="hlt">based</span> on pertinent physical properties of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Given that the greatest potential for global environmental impacts results from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are both persistent and toxic, this paper advocates screening first for persistence since it is easier to assess than toxicity. For materials that show potential for persistence, a higher burden of proof of their non-toxicity is suggested before they enter the commercial marketplace whereas a lower burden of proof may be acceptable for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are less persistent.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277374','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19277374"><span>Triton X-114 <span class="hlt">based</span> cloud point extraction: a thermoreversible approach for separation/concentration and dispersion of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the aqueous phase.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Jing-fu; Liu, Rui; Yin, Yong-guang; Jiang, Gui-bin</p> <p>2009-03-28</p> <p>Capable of preserving the sizes and shapes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during the phase transferring, Triton X-114 <span class="hlt">based</span> cloud point extraction provides a general, simple, and cost-effective route for reversible concentration/separation or dispersion of various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the aqueous phase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24397270','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24397270"><span>Silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> platform for bioimaging, biosensing, and cancer therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Fei; Su, Yuanyuan; Zhong, Yiling; Fan, Chunhai; Lee, Shuit-Tong; He, Yao</p> <p>2014-02-18</p> <p>Silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are an important class of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with great potential for technologies including energy, catalysis, and biotechnology, because of their many unique properties, including biocompatibility, abundance, and unique electronic, optical, and mechanical properties, among others. Silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are known to have little or no toxicity due to favorable biocompatibility of silicon, which is an important precondition for biological and biomedical applications. In addition, huge surface-to-volume ratios of silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are responsible for their unique optical, mechanical, or electronic properties, which offer exciting opportunities for design of high-performance silicon-<span class="hlt">based</span> functional nanoprobes, nanosensors, and nanoagents for biological analysis and detection and disease treatment. Moreover, silicon is the second most abundant element (after oxygen) on earth, providing plentiful and inexpensive resources for large-scale and low-cost preparation of silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for practical applications. Because of these attractive traits, and in parallel with a growing interest in their design and synthesis, silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are extensively investigated for wide-ranging applications, including energy, catalysis, optoelectronics, and biology. Among them, bioapplications of silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are of particular interest. In the past decade, scientists have made an extensive effort to construct a silicon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> platform for various biological and biomedical applications, such as biosensors, bioimaging, and cancer treatment, as new and powerful tools for disease diagnosis and therapy. Nonetheless, there are few review articles covering these important and promising achievements to promote the awareness of development of silicon nanobiotechnology. In this Account, we summarize recent representative works to highlight the recent developments of silicon functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for a new, powerful platform for biological and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=309204&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=State+AND+flow&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=309204&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=State+AND+flow&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>An integrated science-<span class="hlt">based</span> methodology to assess potential risks and implications of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>There is an urgent need for broad and integrated studies that address the risks of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) along the different endpoints of the society, environment, and economy (SEE) complex adaptive system. This article presents an integrated science-<span class="hlt">based</span> methodology ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1187911-contactless-determination-electrical-conductivity-one-dimensional-nanomaterials-solution-based-electro-orientation-spectroscopy','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1187911-contactless-determination-electrical-conductivity-one-dimensional-nanomaterials-solution-based-electro-orientation-spectroscopy"><span>Contactless Determination of Electrical Conductivity of One-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> by Solution-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Electro-orientation Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Akin, Cevat; Yi, Jingang; Feldman, Leonard C.; ...</p> <p>2015-05-05</p> <p>For nanowires of the same composition, and even fabricated within the same batch, often exhibit electrical conductivities that can vary by orders of magnitude. Unfortunately, existing electrical characterization methods are time-consuming, making the statistical survey of highly variable samples essentially impractical. Here, we demonstrate a contactless, solution-<span class="hlt">based</span> method to efficiently measure the electrical conductivity of 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on their transient alignment behavior in ac electric fields of different frequencies. In comparison with direct transport measurements by probe-<span class="hlt">based</span> scanning tunneling microscopy shows that electro-orientation spectroscopy can quantitatively measure nanowire conductivity over a 5-order-of-magnitude range, 10–5–1 Ω–1 m–1 (corresponding to resistivitiesmore » in the range 102–107 Ω·cm). With this method, we statistically characterize the conductivity of a variety of nanowires and find significant variability in silicon nanowires grown by metal-assisted chemical etching from the same wafer. We also find that the active carrier concentration of n-type silicon nanowires is greatly reduced by surface traps and that surface passivation increases the effective conductivity by an order of magnitude. Moreover, this simple method makes electrical characterization of insulating and semiconducting 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> far more efficient and accessible to more researchers than current approaches. Electro-orientation spectroscopy also has the potential to be integrated with other solution-<span class="hlt">based</span> methods for the high-throughput sorting and manipulation of 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for postgrowth device assembly.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT..........2K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016MsT..........2K"><span>Synthesis and Characterization of Three Dimensional Nanostructures <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Interconnected Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Koizumi, Ryota</p> <p></p> <p>This thesis addresses various types of synthetic methods for novel three dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures <span class="hlt">based</span> on interconnected carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using solution chemistry and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods. Carbon nanotube (CNT) spheres with porous and scaffold structures consisting of interconnected CNTs were synthesized by solution chemistry followed by freeze-drying, which have high elasticity under nano-indentation tests. This allows the CNT spheres to be potentially applied to mechanical dampers. CNTs were also grown on two dimensional materials--such as reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN)--by CVD methods, which are chemically interconnected. CNTs on rGO and h-BN interconnected structures performed well as electrodes for supercapacitors. Furthermore, unique interconnected flake structures of alpha-phase molybdenum carbide were developed by a CVD method. The molybdenum carbide can be used for a catalyst of hydrogen evolution reaction activity as well as an electrode for supercapacitors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013STAdM..14d0301C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013STAdM..14d0301C"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and nanofabrication for biomedical applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Chao-Min; Chia-Wen Wu, Kevin</p> <p>2013-08-01</p> <p>Traditional boundaries between materials science and engineering and life sciences are rapidly disintegrating as interdisciplinary research teams develop new materials-science-<span class="hlt">based</span> tools for exploring fundamental issues in both medicine and biology. With recent technological advances in multiple research fields such as materials science, cell and molecular biology and micro-/nano-technology, much attention is shifting toward evaluating the functional advantages of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanofabrication, at the cellular and molecular levels, for specific, biomedically relevant applications. The pursuit of this direction enhances the understanding of the mechanisms of, and therapeutic potentials for, some of the most lethal diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, organ fibrosis and cancers. This interdisciplinary approach has generated great interest among researchers working in a wide variety of communities including industry, universities and research laboratories. The purpose of this focus issue in Science and Technology of Advanced Materials is to bridge nanotechnology and biology with medicine, focusing more on the applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanofabrication in biomedically relevant issues. This focus issue, we believe, will provide a more comprehensive understanding of (i) the preparation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the underlying mechanisms of nanofabrication, and (ii) the linkage of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanofabrication with biomedical applications. The multidisciplinary focus issue that we have attempted to organize is of interest to various research fields including biomaterials and tissue engineering, bioengineering, nanotechnology and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, i.e. chemistry, physics and engineering. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and nanofabrication topics addressed in this focus issue include sensing and diagnosis (e.g. immunosensing and diagnostic devices for diseases), cellular and molecular biology (e.g. probing cellular behaviors and stem cell differentiation) and drug delivery</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4779906','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4779906"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-Enabled Neural Stimulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Yongchen; Guo, Liang</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Neural stimulation is a critical technique in treating neurological diseases and investigating brain functions. Traditional electrical stimulation uses electrodes to directly create intervening electric fields in the immediate vicinity of neural tissues. Second-generation stimulation techniques directly use light, magnetic fields or ultrasound in a non-contact manner. An emerging generation of non- or minimally invasive neural stimulation techniques is enabled by nanotechnology to achieve a high spatial resolution and cell-type specificity. In these techniques, a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> converts a remotely transmitted primary stimulus such as a light, magnetic or ultrasonic signal to a localized secondary stimulus such as an electric field or heat to stimulate neurons. The ease of surface modification and bio-conjugation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> facilitates cell-type-specific targeting, designated placement and highly localized membrane activation. This review focuses on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enabled neural stimulation techniques primarily involving opto-electric, opto-thermal, magneto-electric, magneto-thermal and acousto-electric transduction mechanisms. Stimulation techniques <span class="hlt">based</span> on other possible transduction schemes and general consideration for these emerging neurotechnologies are also discussed. PMID:27013938</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=181583&keyword=diamond&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=181583&keyword=diamond&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>ECOTOXICOLOGY OF <span class="hlt">NANOMATERIALS</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>An overview of issues associated with potential ecological toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with research needs outlined, current literature reviewed and discussion of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity relative to concerns that EPA and state risk assessors might have.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990681','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25990681"><span>Recent applications of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in fluorescence biosensing and bioimaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wen, Jia; Xu, Yongqian; Li, Hongjuan; Lu, Aiping; Sun, Shiguo</p> <p>2015-07-21</p> <p>Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as important agents for biological applications have emerged in the past few years due to their unique optical, electronic, mechanical, and chemical properties. Many of these applications rely on successful surface modifications. This review article comprises two main parts. In the first part, we briefly review the properties and surface modifications of several classes of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, mainly carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and its derivatives, carbon dots (CDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), as well as some other forms of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as fullerene, carbon nanohorns (CNHs) and carbon nanoonions (CNOs). In the second part, we focus on the biological applications of these carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, in particular their applications for fluorescence biosensing as well as bioimaging.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304658','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304658"><span>Current Trends in Sensors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Conducting Polymer <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yoon, Hyeonseok</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Conducting polymers represent an important class of functional organic materials for next-generation electronic and optical devices. Advances in nanotechnology allow for the fabrication of various conducting polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through synthesis methods such as solid-phase template synthesis, molecular template synthesis, and template-free synthesis. Nanostructured conducting polymers featuring high surface area, small dimensions, and unique physical properties have been widely used to build various sensor devices. Many remarkable examples have been reported over the past decade. The enhanced sensitivity of conducting polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> toward various chemical/biological species and external stimuli has made them ideal candidates for incorporation into the design of sensors. However, the selectivity and stability still leave room for improvement. PMID:28348348</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29149537"><span>Multifunctional Cellular Materials <span class="hlt">Based</span> on 2D <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Prospects and Challenges.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qiu, Ling; He, Zijun; Li, Dan</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Recent advances in emerging 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> cellular materials (2D-CMs) open up new opportunities for the development of next generation cellular solids with exceptional properties. Herein, an overview of the current research status of 2D-CMs is provided and their future opportunities are highlighted. First, the unique features of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are introduced to illustrate why these nanoscale building blocks are promising for the development of novel cellular materials and what the new features of 2D nanoscale building blocks can offer when compared to their 0D and 1D counterparts. An in-depth discussion on the structure-property relationships of 2D-CMs is then provided, and the remarkable functions that can be achieved by engineering their cellular architecture are highlighted. Additionally, the use of 2D-CMs to tackle key challenges in different practical applications is demonstrated. In conclusion, a personal perspective on the challenges and future research directions of 2D-CMs is given. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=307543&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=filters&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=307543&Lab=NRMRL&keyword=filters&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> disposal by incineration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>As nanotechnology-<span class="hlt">based</span> products enter into widespread use, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will end up in disposal waste streams that are ultimately discharged to the environment. One possible end-of-life scenario is incineration. This review attempts to ascertain the potential pathways by which ...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1257845-electrocatalytic-interface-based-novel-carbon-nanomaterials-advanced-electrochemical-sensors','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1257845-electrocatalytic-interface-based-novel-carbon-nanomaterials-advanced-electrochemical-sensors"><span>Electrocatalytic interface <span class="hlt">based</span> on novel carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for advanced electrochemical sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zhou, Ming; Guo, Shaojun</p> <p>2015-07-17</p> <p>The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology provides new opportunities for the sustainable progress of nanoscale catalysts (i.e., nanocatalysts). The introduction of nanocatalysts into electronic devices implants their novel functions into electronic sensing systems, resulting in the testing of many advanced electrochemical sensors and the fabrication of some highly sensitive, selective, and stable sensing platforms. In this Review, we will summarize recent significant progress on exploring advanced carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, highly ordered mesoporous carbons, and electron cyclotron resonance sputtered nanocarbon film) as nanoscale electrocatalysts (i.e., nanoelectrocatalysts) for constructing the catalytic nanointerfaces of electronic devices to achievemore » high-sensitivity and high-selectivity electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, different mechanisms for the extraordinary and unique electrocatalytic activities of these carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be also highlighted, compared and discussed. An outlook on the future trends and developments in this area will be provided at the end. Notably, to elaborate the nature of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, we will mainly focus on the electrocatalysis of single kind of carbon materials rather than their hybrid composite materials. As a result, we expect that advanced carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with unique electrocatalytic activities will continue to attract increasing research interest and lead to new opportunities in various fields of research.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257845','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1257845"><span>Electrocatalytic interface <span class="hlt">based</span> on novel carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for advanced electrochemical sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhou, Ming; Guo, Shaojun</p> <p></p> <p>The rapid development of nanoscience and nanotechnology provides new opportunities for the sustainable progress of nanoscale catalysts (i.e., nanocatalysts). The introduction of nanocatalysts into electronic devices implants their novel functions into electronic sensing systems, resulting in the testing of many advanced electrochemical sensors and the fabrication of some highly sensitive, selective, and stable sensing platforms. In this Review, we will summarize recent significant progress on exploring advanced carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, highly ordered mesoporous carbons, and electron cyclotron resonance sputtered nanocarbon film) as nanoscale electrocatalysts (i.e., nanoelectrocatalysts) for constructing the catalytic nanointerfaces of electronic devices to achievemore » high-sensitivity and high-selectivity electrochemical sensors. Furthermore, different mechanisms for the extraordinary and unique electrocatalytic activities of these carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be also highlighted, compared and discussed. An outlook on the future trends and developments in this area will be provided at the end. Notably, to elaborate the nature of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, we will mainly focus on the electrocatalysis of single kind of carbon materials rather than their hybrid composite materials. As a result, we expect that advanced carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with unique electrocatalytic activities will continue to attract increasing research interest and lead to new opportunities in various fields of research.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NatNa...5..565H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010NatNa...5..565H"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in preventive dentistry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hannig, Matthias; Hannig, Christian</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>The prevention of tooth decay and the treatment of lesions and cavities are ongoing challenges in dentistry. In recent years, biomimetic approaches have been used to develop <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for inclusion in a variety of oral health-care products. Examples include liquids and pastes that contain nano-apatites for biofilm management at the tooth surface, and products that contain <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for the remineralization of early submicrometre-sized enamel lesions. However, the treatment of larger visible cavities with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is still at the research stage. Here, we review progress in the development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for different applications in preventive dentistry and research, including clinical trials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28d2001W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28d2001W"><span>Recent advances in exploitation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> for arsenic removal from water: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wong, WeiWen; Wong, H. Y.; Badruzzaman, A. Borhan M.; Goh, H. H.; Zaman, Mukter</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Recently, increasing research efforts have been made to exploit the enormous potential of nanotechnology and <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> in the application of arsenic removal from water. As a result, there are myriad of types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> being developed and studied for their arsenic removal capabilities. Nevertheless, challenges such as having a complete understanding of the material properties and removal mechanism make it difficult for researchers to engineer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are best suited for specific water treatment applications. In this review paper, a comprehensive review will be conducted on several selected categories of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that possess promising prospects in arsenic removal application. The synthesis process, material properties, as well as arsenic removal performance and removal mechanisms of each of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be discussed in detail. Fe-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, particularly iron oxide nanoparticles, have displayed advantages in arsenic removal due to their super-paramagnetic property. On the other hand, TiO2-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are the best candidates as photocatalytic arsenic removal agents, having been reported to have more than 200-fold increase in adsorption capacity under UV light irradiation. Zr-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have among the largest BET active area for adsorption—up to 630 m2 g-1—and it has been reported that amorphous ZrO2 performs better than crystalline ZrO2 nanoparticles, having about 1.77 times higher As(III) adsorption capacity. Although Cu-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are relatively uncommon as nano-adsorbents for arsenic in water, recent studies have demonstrated their potential in arsenic removal. CuO nanoparticles synthesized by Martinson et al were reported to have adsorption capacities up to 22.6 mg g-1 and 26.9 mg g-1 for As(V) and As(III) respectively. Among the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been reviewed in this study, Mg-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were reported to have the highest maximum adsorption capacities for As(V) and As</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5923534','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5923534"><span>The DaNa2.0 Knowledge <span class="hlt">Base</span> Nanomaterials—An Important Measure Accompanying <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bohmer, Nils; Marquardt, Clarissa; Nau, Katja; Steinbach, Christoph</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology is closely related to the tailored manufacturing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for a huge variety of applications. However, such applications with newly developed materials are also a reason for concern. The DaNa2.0 project provides information and support for these issues on the web in condensed and easy-to-understand wording. Thus, a key challenge in the field of advanced materials safety research is access to correct and reliable studies and validated results. For <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, there is currently a continuously increasing amount of publications on toxicological issues, but criteria to evaluate the quality of these studies are necessary to use them e.g., for regulatory purposes. DaNa2.0 discusses scientific results regarding 26 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on actual literature that has been selected after careful evaluation following a literature criteria checklist. This checklist is publicly available, along with a selection of standardized operating protocols (SOPs) established by different projects. The spectrum of information is rounded off by further articles concerning basics or crosscutting topics in nanosafety research. This article is intended to give an overview on DaNa2.0 activities to support reliable toxicity testing and science communication alike. PMID:29596351</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187396','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26187396"><span>Recent advances in electrochemical biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on graphene two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Song, Yang; Luo, Yanan; Zhu, Chengzhou; Li, He; Du, Dan; Lin, Yuehe</p> <p>2016-02-15</p> <p>Graphene as a star among two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has attracted tremendous research interest in the field of electrochemistry due to their intrinsic properties, including the electronic, optical, and mechanical properties associated with their planar structure. The marriage of graphene and electrochemical biosensors has created many ingenious biosensing strategies for applications in the areas of clinical diagnosis and food safety. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the development of graphene <span class="hlt">based</span> electrochemical biosensors. Special attention is paid to graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> enzyme biosensors, immunosensors, and DNA biosensors. Future perspectives on high-performance graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> electrochemical biosensors are also discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........56G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........56G"><span>Engineering of Multifunctional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Cancer Theranostics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goel, Shreya</p> <p></p> <p>Development of novel imaging probes for cancer diagnosis is critical for early disease detection and management. The past two decades have witnessed a surge in the development and evolution of radiolabeled nanoparticles as a new frontier in personalized cancer nanomedicine. The dynamic synergism of positron emission tomography (PET) and nanotechnology combines the sensitivity and quantitative nature of PET with the multifunctionality and tunability of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which can help overcome certain key challenges in the field. Silica, "generally recognized as safe" (GRAS) by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the United States, has emerged as one of the leading <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> employed for molecular imaging and therapy of a wide variety of diseases, including cancer. However in vivo biodistribution and active targeting of silica-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has remained a relatively under explored area, <span class="hlt">based</span> mainly on semi-quantitative techniques such as fluorescence imaging. In this dissertation, I explore the concept of radiolabeled silica nanoparticles for vasculature-targeted imaging of different tumor types. Both chelator-<span class="hlt">based</span> and chelator-free radiolabeling techniques were employed for accurate and quantitative analysis of the in vivo pharmacokinetics of radiolabeled silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. (Chapters 2 and 3) The large surface area, ease of tunability and facile silica chemistry were employed to create multifunctional silica-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials to simultaneously seek-and-treat cancers, by incorporating multiple components into a single nanoplatform. Photodynamic agent, porphyrin was loaded into the central cavity of hollow mesoporous silica nanoparticles, and the shell was decorated with photothermal nanoparticles, CuS, yielding a multimodal theranostic nanoplatform which could synergistically annihilate the tumor without relapse. (Chapter 4). A major hurdle in the successful clinical translation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is their rapid sequestration by the organs of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3673113','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3673113"><span>Immobilization Techniques in the Fabrication of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Electrochemical Biosensors: A Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Putzbach, William; Ronkainen, Niina J.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The evolution of 1st to 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. However, in recent years, modification of the transducer with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in their fabrication. Given the unique and favorable qualities of gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes as applied to electrochemical biosensors, a consolidated survey of the different methods of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> immobilization on transducer surfaces and enzyme immobilization on these species is beneficial and timely. This review encompasses modification of enzymatic biosensors with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. PMID:23580051</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580051','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580051"><span>Immobilization techniques in the fabrication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> electrochemical biosensors: a review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Putzbach, William; Ronkainen, Niina J</p> <p>2013-04-11</p> <p>The evolution of 1st to 3rd generation electrochemical biosensors reflects a simplification and enhancement of the transduction pathway. However, in recent years, modification of the transducer with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has become increasingly studied and imparts many advantages. The sensitivity and overall performance of enzymatic biosensors has improved tremendously as a result of incorporating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in their fabrication. Given the unique and favorable qualities of gold nanoparticles, graphene and carbon nanotubes as applied to electrochemical biosensors, a consolidated survey of the different methods of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> immobilization on transducer surfaces and enzyme immobilization on these species is beneficial and timely. This review encompasses modification of enzymatic biosensors with gold nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5678458','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5678458"><span>Recent progress in boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kondo, Takahiro</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Various types of zero, one, and two-dimensional boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as nanoclusters, nanowires, nanotubes, nanobelts, nanoribbons, nanosheets, and monolayer crystalline sheets named borophene have been experimentally synthesized and identified in the last 20 years. Owing to their low dimensionality, boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have different bonding configurations from those of three-dimensional bulk boron crystals composed of icosahedra or icosahedral fragments. The resulting intriguing physical and chemical properties of boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are fascinating from the viewpoint of material science. Moreover, the wide variety of boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> themselves could be the building blocks for combining with other existing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, molecules, atoms, and/or ions to design and create materials with new functionalities and properties. Here, the progress of the boron <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is reviewed and perspectives and future directions are described. PMID:29152014</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035408','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23035408"><span>Development of biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on the one-dimensional semiconductor <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Shancheng; Shi, Yi; Xiao, Zhongdang; Zhou, Minmin; Yan, Wenfu; Shen, Haoliang; Hu, Dong</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Biosensors are becoming increasingly important due to their applications in biological and chemical analyses, food safety industry, biomedical diagnostics, clinical detection, and environmental monitoring. Recent years, nanostructured semiconductor materials have been used to fabricate biosensors owing to their biocompatibility, low toxicity, high electron mobility, and easy fabrication. In the present study, we focus on recent various biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on the one-dimensional semiconductor <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as electrochemical biosensor, field-effect transistors biosensor, and label-free optical biosensor. In particular, the development of the electrochemical biosensor is discussed detailedly.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3...25S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3...25S"><span>The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toolkit for neuroengineering</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shah, Shreyas</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>There is a growing interest in developing effective tools to better probe the central nervous system (CNS), to understand how it works and to treat neural diseases, injuries and cancer. The intrinsic complexity of the CNS has made this a challenging task for decades. Yet, with the extraordinary recent advances in nanotechnology and nanoscience, there is a general consensus on the immense value and potential of nanoscale tools for engineering neural systems. In this review, an overview of specialized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which have proven to be the most effective tools in neuroscience is provided. After a brief background on the prominent challenges in the field, a variety of organic and inorganic-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described, with particular emphasis on the distinctive properties that make them versatile and highly suitable in the context of the CNS. Building on this robust nano-inspired foundation, the rational design and application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can enable the generation of new methodologies to greatly advance the neuroscience frontier.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21638780','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21638780"><span>Chemical preparation of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in chemical and biological sensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jiang, Hongji</p> <p>2011-09-05</p> <p>Graphene is a flat monolayer of carbon atoms packed tightly into a 2D honeycomb lattice that shows many intriguing properties meeting the key requirements for the implementation of highly excellent sensors, and all kinds of proof-of-concept sensors have been devised. To realize the potential sensor applications, the key is to synthesize graphene in a controlled way to achieve enhanced solution-processing capabilities, and at the same time to maintain or even improve the intrinsic properties of graphene. Several production techniques for graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been developed, ranging from the mechanical cleavage and chemical exfoliation of high-quality graphene to direct growth onto different substrates and the chemical routes using graphite oxide as a precusor to the newly developed bottom-up approach at the molecular level. The current review critically explores the recent progress on the chemical preparation of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in sensors. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5848984','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5848984"><span>Chemical Sensing Applications of ZnO <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chaudhary, Savita; Umar, Ahmad; Bhasin, K. K.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Recent advancement in nanoscience and nanotechnology has witnessed numerous triumphs of zinc oxide (ZnO) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> due to their various exotic and multifunctional properties and wide applications. As a remarkable and functional material, ZnO has attracted extensive scientific and technological attention, as it combines different properties such as high specific surface area, biocompatibility, electrochemical activities, chemical and photochemical stability, high-electron communicating features, non-toxicity, ease of syntheses, and so on. Because of its various interesting properties, ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been used for various applications ranging from electronics to optoelectronics, sensing to biomedical and environmental applications. Further, due to the high electrochemical activities and electron communication features, ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are considered as excellent candidates for electrochemical sensors. The present review meticulously introduces the current advancements of ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> chemical sensors. Various operational factors such as the effect of size, morphologies, compositions and their respective working mechanisms along with the selectivity, sensitivity, detection limit, stability, etc., are discussed in this article. PMID:29439528</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......219P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......219P"><span>Synthesis and Application of Graphene <span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Peng, Zhiwei</p> <p></p> <p>Graphene, a two-dimensional sp2-bonded carbon material, has recently attracted major attention due to its excellent electrical, optical and mechanical properties. Depending on different applications, graphene and its derived hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be synthesized by either bottom-up chemical vapor deposition (CVD) methods for electronics, or various top-down chemical reaction methods for energy generation and storage devices. My thesis begins with the investigation of CVD synthesis of graphene thin films in Chapter 1, including the direct growth of bilayer graphene on insulating substrates and synthesis of "rebar graphene": a hybrid structure with graphene and carbon or boron nitride nanotubes. Chapter 2 discusses the synthesis of nanoribbon-shaped materials and their applications, including splitting of vertically aligned multi-walled carbon nanotube carpets for supercapacitors, synthesis of dispersable ferromagnetic graphene nanoribbon stacks with enhanced electrical percolation properties in magnetic field, graphene nanoribbon/SnO 2 nanocomposite for lithium ion batteries, and enhanced electrocatalysis for hydrogen evolution reactions from WS2 nanoribbons. Next, Chapter 3 discusses graphene coated iron oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their use in energy storage applications. Finally, Chapter 4 introduces the development, characterization, and fabrication of laser induced graphene and its application as supercapacitors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3790277','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3790277"><span>Predictive modeling of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure effects in biological systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liu, Xiong; Tang, Kaizhi; Harper, Stacey; Harper, Bryan; Steevens, Jeffery A; Xu, Roger</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background Predictive modeling of the biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is critical for industry and policymakers to assess the potential hazards resulting from the application of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Methods We generated an experimental dataset on the toxic effects experienced by embryonic zebrafish due to exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Several <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were studied, such as metal nanoparticles, dendrimer, metal oxide, and polymeric materials. The embryonic zebrafish metric (EZ Metric) was used as a screening-level measurement representative of adverse effects. Using the dataset, we developed a data mining approach to model the toxic endpoints and the overall biological impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Data mining techniques, such as numerical prediction, can assist analysts in developing risk assessment models for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Results We found several important attributes that contribute to the 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) mortality, such as dosage concentration, shell composition, and surface charge. These findings concur with previous studies on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity using embryonic zebrafish. We conducted case studies on modeling the overall effect/impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the specific toxic endpoints such as mortality, delayed development, and morphological malformations. The results show that we can achieve high prediction accuracy for certain biological effects, such as 24 hpf mortality, 120 hpf mortality, and 120 hpf heart malformation. The results also show that the weighting scheme for individual biological effects has a significant influence on modeling the overall impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Sample prediction models can be found at http://neiminer.i-a-i.com/nei_models. Conclusion The EZ Metric-<span class="hlt">based</span> data mining approach has been shown to have predictive power. The results provide valuable insights into the modeling and understanding of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure effects. PMID:24098077</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895207','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895207"><span>The microwave-assisted ionic-liquid method: a promising methodology in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ma, Ming-Guo; Zhu, Jie-Fang; Zhu, Ying-Jie; Sun, Run-Cang</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>In recent years, the microwave-assisted ionic-liquid method has been accepted as a promising methodology for the preparation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites. Applications of this method in the preparation of cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites comply with the major principles of green chemistry, that is, they use an environmentally friendly method in environmentally preferable solvents to make use of renewable materials. This minireview focuses on the recent development of the synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites by means of the microwave-assisted ionic-liquid method. We first discuss the preparation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including noble metals, metal oxides, complex metal oxides, metal sulfides, and other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by means of this method. Then we provide an overview of the synthesis of cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites by using this method. The emphasis is on the synthesis, microstructure, and properties of nanostructured materials obtained through this methodology. Our recent research on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and cellulose-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites by this rapid method is summarized. In addition, the formation mechanisms involved in the microwave-assisted ionic-liquid synthesis of nanostructured materials are discussed briefly. Finally, the future perspectives of this methodology in the synthesis of nanostructured materials are proposed. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOM....69l2515A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JOM....69l2515A"><span>Recent Development of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-Doped Conductive Polymers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Asyraf, Mohammad; Anwar, Mahmood; Sheng, Law Ming; Danquah, Michael K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Conductive polymers (CPs) have received significant research attention in material engineering for applications in microelectronics, micro-scale sensors, electromagnetic shielding, and micro actuators. Numerous research efforts have been focused on enhancing the conductivity of CPs by doping. Various conductive materials, such as metal nanoparticles and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles, and structures, such as silver nanoparticles and graphene nanosheets, have been converted into polypyrrole and polypyrrole compounds as the precursors to developing hybrids, conjugates, or crystal nodes within the matrix to enhance the various structural properties, particularly the electrical conductivity. This article reviews <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> doping of conductive polymers alongside technological advancements in the development and application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-doped polymeric systems. Emphasis is given to conductive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as nano-silver particles and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles, graphene nano-sheets, fullerene, and carbon nanotubes (CNT) as dopants for polypyrrole-<span class="hlt">based</span> CPs. The nature of induced electrical properties including electromagnetic absorption, electrical capacitance, and conductivities of polypyrrole systems is also discussed. The prospects and challenges associated with the development and application of CPs are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740388','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23740388"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> with enzyme-like characteristics (nanozymes): next-generation artificial enzymes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wei, Hui; Wang, Erkang</p> <p>2013-07-21</p> <p>Over the past few decades, researchers have established artificial enzymes as highly stable and low-cost alternatives to natural enzymes in a wide range of applications. A variety of materials including cyclodextrins, metal complexes, porphyrins, polymers, dendrimers and biomolecules have been extensively explored to mimic the structures and functions of naturally occurring enzymes. Recently, some <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been found to exhibit unexpected enzyme-like activities, and great advances have been made in this area due to the tremendous progress in nano-research and the unique characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. To highlight the progress in the field of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> artificial enzymes (nanozymes), this review discusses various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been explored to mimic different kinds of enzymes. We cover their kinetics, mechanisms and applications in numerous fields, from biosensing and immunoassays, to stem cell growth and pollutant removal. We also summarize several approaches to tune the activities of nanozymes. Finally, we make comparisons between nanozymes and other catalytic materials (other artificial enzymes, natural enzymes, organic catalysts and <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> catalysts) and address the current challenges and future directions (302 references).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124307','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124307"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for electronics, optoelectronics, photovoltaics, and sensing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jariwala, Deep; Sangwan, Vinod K; Lauhon, Lincoln J; Marks, Tobin J; Hersam, Mark C</p> <p>2013-04-07</p> <p>In the last three decades, zero-dimensional, one-dimensional, and two-dimensional carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (i.e., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, respectively) have attracted significant attention from the scientific community due to their unique electronic, optical, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties. While early work showed that these properties could enable high performance in selected applications, issues surrounding structural inhomogeneity and imprecise assembly have impeded robust and reliable implementation of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in widespread technologies. However, with recent advances in synthesis, sorting, and assembly techniques, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are experiencing renewed interest as the basis of numerous scalable technologies. Here, we present an extensive review of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in electronic, optoelectronic, photovoltaic, and sensing devices with a particular focus on the latest examples <span class="hlt">based</span> on the highest purity samples. Specific attention is devoted to each class of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, thereby allowing comparative analysis of the suitability of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene for each application area. In this manner, this article will provide guidance to future application developers and also articulate the remaining research challenges confronting this field.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315580','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22315580"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as analytical tools for genosensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Abu-Salah, Khalid M; Alrokyan, Salman A; Khan, Muhammad Naziruddin; Ansari, Anees Ahmad</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3270881','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3270881"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as Analytical Tools for Genosensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Abu-Salah, Khalid M.; Alrokyan, Salman A.; Khan, Muhammad Naziruddin; Ansari, Anees Ahmad</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are being increasingly used for the development of electrochemical DNA biosensors, due to the unique electrocatalytic properties found in nanoscale materials. They offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction and for designing a new generation of bioelectronic devices exhibiting novel functions. In particular, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as noble metal nanoparticles (Au, Pt), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots and metal oxide nanoparticles have been actively investigated for their applications in DNA biosensors, which have become a new interdisciplinary frontier between biological detection and material science. In this article, we address some of the main advances in this field over the past few years, discussing the issues and challenges with the aim of stimulating a broader interest in developing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biosensors and improving their applications in disease diagnosis and food safety examination. PMID:22315580</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346713','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22346713"><span>Recent development of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> used in DNA biosensors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Kai; Huang, Junran; Ye, Zunzhong; Ying, Yibin; Li, Yanbin</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>As knowledge of the structure and function of nucleic acid molecules has increased, sequence-specific DNA detection has gained increased importance. DNA biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on nucleic acid hybridization have been actively developed because of their specificity, speed, portability, and low cost. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> for DNA biosensors. Because of their high surface-to-volume ratios and excellent biological compatibilities, <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> could be used to increase the amount of DNA immobilization; moreover, DNA bound to <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> can maintain its biological activity. Alternatively, signal amplification by labeling a targeted analyte with <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> has also been reported for DNA biosensors in many papers. This review summarizes the applications of various <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> for DNA biosensors during past five years. We found that <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> of small sizes were advantageous as substrates for DNA attachment or as labels for signal amplification; and use of two or more types of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> in the biosensors could improve their overall quality and to overcome the deficiencies of the individual nano-components. Most current DNA biosensors require the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in their protocols. However, further development of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> with smaller size and/or with improved biological and chemical properties would substantially enhance the accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity of DNA biosensors. Thus, DNA biosensors without PCR amplification may become a reality in the foreseeable future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3274166','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3274166"><span>Recent Development of <span class="hlt">Nano-Materials</span> Used in DNA Biosensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Xu, Kai; Huang, Junran; Ye, Zunzhong; Ying, Yibin; Li, Yanbin</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>As knowledge of the structure and function of nucleic acid molecules has increased, sequence-specific DNA detection has gained increased importance. DNA biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on nucleic acid hybridization have been actively developed because of their specificity, speed, portability, and low cost. Recently, there has been considerable interest in using <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> for DNA biosensors. Because of their high surface-to-volume ratios and excellent biological compatibilities, <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> could be used to increase the amount of DNA immobilization; moreover, DNA bound to <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> can maintain its biological activity. Alternatively, signal amplification by labeling a targeted analyte with <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> has also been reported for DNA biosensors in many papers. This review summarizes the applications of various <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> for DNA biosensors during past five years. We found that <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> of small sizes were advantageous as substrates for DNA attachment or as labels for signal amplification; and use of two or more types of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> in the biosensors could improve their overall quality and to overcome the deficiencies of the individual nano-components. Most current DNA biosensors require the use of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in their protocols. However, further development of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> with smaller size and/or with improved biological and chemical properties would substantially enhance the accuracy, selectivity and sensitivity of DNA biosensors. Thus, DNA biosensors without PCR amplification may become a reality in the foreseeable future. PMID:22346713</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061384','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26061384"><span>The application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shi, Shuo; Jiang, Wenbao; Zhao, Tianxiao; Aifantis, Katerina E; Wang, Hui; Lin, Lei; Fan, Yubo; Feng, Qingling; Cui, Fu-zhai; Li, Xiaoming</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Bone regeneration is a complicated process that involves a series of biological events, such as cellular recruitment, proliferation and differentiation, and so forth, which have been found to be significantly affected by controlled drug delivery. Recently, a lot of research studies have been launched on the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration. In this article, the latest research progress in this area regarding the use of bioceramics-<span class="hlt">based</span>, polymer-<span class="hlt">based</span>, metallic oxide-<span class="hlt">based</span> and other types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration are reviewed and discussed, which indicates that the controlling drug delivery with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> should be a very promising treatment in orthopedics. Furthermore, some new challenges about the future research on the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in controlled drug delivery for bone regeneration are described in the conclusion and perspectives part. Copyright © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28917970','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28917970"><span>How Do Enzymes 'Meet' Nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Ming; Zeng, Guangming; Xu, Piao; Lai, Cui; Tang, Lin</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Enzymes are fundamental biological catalysts responsible for biological regulation and metabolism. The opportunity for enzymes to 'meet' nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is rapidly increasing due to growing demands for applications in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> design, environmental monitoring, biochemical engineering, and biomedicine. Therefore, understanding the nature of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enzyme interactions is becoming important. Since 2014, enzymes have been used to modify, degrade, or make nanoparticles/<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, while numerous nanoparticles/<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been used as materials for enzymatic immobilization and biosensors and as enzyme mimicry. Among the various nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, metal nanoparticles and carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have received extensive attention due to their fascinating properties. This review provides an overview about how enzymes meet nanoparticles and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837659','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25837659"><span>Cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in water treatment technologies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Carpenter, Alexis Wells; de Lannoy, Charles-François; Wiesner, Mark R</p> <p>2015-05-05</p> <p>Cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are naturally occurring with unique structural, mechanical and optical properties. While the paper and packaging, automotive, personal care, construction, and textiles industries have recognized cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' potential, we suggest cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have great untapped potential in water treatment technologies. In this review, we gather evidence of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' beneficial role in environmental remediation and membranes for water filtration, including their high surface area-to-volume ratio, low environmental impact, high strength, functionalizability, and sustainability. We make direct comparison between cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in terms of physical and chemical properties, production costs, use and disposal in order to show the potential of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as a sustainable replacement for CNTs in water treatment technologies. Finally, we comment on the need for improved communication and collaboration across the myriad industries invested in cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> production and development to achieve an efficient means to commercialization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatRM...318009A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatRM...318009A"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for non-volatile memories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ahn, Ethan C.; Wong, H.-S. Philip; Pop, Eric</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Carbon can create various low-dimensional nanostructures with remarkable electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These features make carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> especially interesting for next-generation memory and storage devices, such as resistive random access memory, phase-change memory, spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory and ferroelectric random access memory. Non-volatile memories greatly benefit from the use of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in terms of bit density and energy efficiency. In this Review, we discuss sp2-hybridized carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> low-dimensional nanostructures, such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes and graphene, in the context of non-volatile memory devices and architectures. Applications of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as memory electrodes, interfacial engineering layers, resistive-switching media, and scalable, high-performance memory selectors are investigated. Finally, we compare the different memory technologies in terms of writing energy and time, and highlight major challenges in the manufacturing, integration and understanding of the physical mechanisms and material properties.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=237450&Lab=NCCT&keyword=silver+AND+nanoparticles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=237450&Lab=NCCT&keyword=silver+AND+nanoparticles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Informing Selection of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Concentrations for ToxCast In Vitro Testing <span class="hlt">based</span> on Occupational Exposure Potential</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Little justification is generally provided for selection of in vitro assay testing concentrations for engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs). Selection of concentration levels for hazard evaluation <span class="hlt">based</span> on real-world exposure scenarios is desirable. We reviewed published ENM concentr...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Nanos...5.6207L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Nanos...5.6207L"><span>The interplay between carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and amyloid fibrils in bio-nanotechnology</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Chaoxu; Mezzenga, Raffaele</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Recent advances in bio-nanotechnology have not only rapidly broadened the applications and scope of hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biological fields, but also greatly enriched the examples of ordered materials <span class="hlt">based</span> on supramolecular self-assembly. Among eminent examples of functional nanostructured materials of undisputed impact in nanotechnology and biological environments, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene) and amyloid fibrils have attracted great attention because of their unique architectures and exceptional physical properties. Nonetheless, combination of these two classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into functional hybrids is far from trivial. For example, the presence of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can offer either an inhibitory effect or promotion of amyloid fibrillation, depending on the structural architectures of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the starting amyloid proteins/peptides considered. To date, numerous studies have been devoted to evaluating both the biological toxicity of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their use in developing therapies for amyloidosis. At the same time, hybridization of these two classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offers new possibilities for combining some of their desirable properties into nanocomposites of possible use in electronics, actuators, sensing, biomedicine and structural materials. This review describes recent developments in the hybridization of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and amyloid fibrils and discusses the current state of the art on the application of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-amyloid fibril hybrids in bio-nanotechnology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21597228','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21597228"><span>Toxicity evaluations of various carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Uo, Motohiro; Akasaka, Tsukasa; Watari, Fumio; Sato, Yoshinori; Tohji, Kazuyuki</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>After the discovery of fullerene and carbon nanotubes, various carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were discovered or synthesized. The carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have remarkable properties, different from bulk materials with the same chemical composition, and are therefore useful for industrial applications. However, the toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may also differ from that of the bulk materials; this difference poses a concern. The physical similarity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to asbestos has led to evaluations for toxicity by many researchers using various methods. In this review, we compile and compare the toxicity evaluations of each carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26111608','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26111608"><span>Comparative assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> definitions and safety evaluation considerations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Boverhof, Darrell R; Bramante, Christina M; Butala, John H; Clancy, Shaun F; Lafranconi, Mark; West, Jay; Gordon, Steve C</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> continue to bring promising advances to science and technology. In concert have come calls for increased regulatory oversight to ensure their appropriate identification and evaluation, which has led to extensive discussions about <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> definitions. Numerous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> definitions have been proposed by government, industry, and standards organizations. We conducted a comprehensive comparative assessment of existing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> definitions put forward by governments to highlight their similarities and differences. We found that the size limits used in different definitions were inconsistent, as were considerations of other elements, including agglomerates and aggregates, distributional thresholds, novel properties, and solubility. Other important differences included consideration of number size distributions versus weight distributions and natural versus intentionally-manufactured materials. Overall, the definitions we compared were not in alignment, which may lead to inconsistent identification and evaluation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and could have adverse impacts on commerce and public perceptions of nanotechnology. We recommend a set of considerations that future discussions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> definitions should consider for describing materials and assessing their potential for health and environmental impacts using risk-<span class="hlt">based</span> approaches within existing assessment frameworks. Our intent is to initiate a dialogue aimed at achieving greater clarity in identifying those <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that may require additional evaluation, not to propose a formal definition. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9945E..02L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9945E..02L"><span>Soft bioelectronics using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Hyunjae; Kim, Dae-Hyeong</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Recently, soft bioelectronics has attracted significant attention because of its potential applications in biointegrated healthcare devices and minimally invasive surgical tools. Mechanical mismatch between conventional electronic/optoelectronic devices and soft human tissues/organs, however, causes many challenges in materials and device designs of bio-integrated devices. Intrinsically soft hybrid materials comprising twodimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are utilized to solve these issues. In this paper, we describe soft bioelectronic devices <span class="hlt">based</span> on graphene synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition process. These devices have unique advantages over rigid electronics, particularly in biomedical applications. The functionalized graphene is hybridized with other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and fabricated into high-performance sensors and actuators toward wearable and minimally invasive healthcare devices. Integrated bioelectronic systems constructed using these devices solve pending issues in clinical medicine while providing new opportunities in personalized healthcare.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=336170&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=336170&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NaKnow<span class="hlt">Base</span>TM: The EPA <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Research Database</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The ability to predict the environmental and health implications of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is an important research priority due to the exponential rate at which nanotechnology is being incorporated into consumer, industrial and biomedical applications. To address this need and...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5090318','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5090318"><span>Non-metallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cancer theranostics: a review of silica- and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> drug delivery systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Yu-Cheng; Huang, Xin-Chun; Luo, Yun-Ling; Chang, Yung-Chen; Hsieh, You-Zung; Hsu, Hsin-Yun</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The rapid development in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has brought great opportunities to cancer theranostics, which aims to combine diagnostics and therapy for cancer treatment and thereby improve the healthcare of patients. In this review we focus on the recent progress of several cancer theranostic strategies using mesoporous silica nanoparticles and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Silicon and carbon are both group IV elements; they have been the most abundant and significant non-metallic substances in human life. Their intrinsic physical/chemical properties are of critical importance in the fabrication of multifunctional drug delivery systems. Responsive nanocarriers constructed using these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been promising in cancer-specific theranostics during the past decade. In all cases, either a controlled texture or the chemical functionalization is coupled with adaptive properties, such as pH-, light-, redox- and magnetic field- triggered responses. Several studies in cells and mice models have implied their underlying therapeutic efficacy; however, detailed and long-term in vivo clinical evaluations are certainly required to make these bench-made materials compatible in real bedside circumstances. PMID:27877592</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4876975','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4876975"><span>Radioactive <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Multimodality Imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Chen, Daiqin; Dougherty, Casey A.; Yang, Dongzhi; Wu, Hongwei; Hong, Hao</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Nuclear imaging techniques, including primarily positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), can provide quantitative information for a biological event in vivo with ultra-high sensitivity, however, the comparatively low spatial resolution is their major limitation in clinical application. By convergence of nuclear imaging with other imaging modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging, the hybrid imaging platforms can overcome the limitations from each individual imaging technique. Possessing versatile chemical linking ability and good cargo-loading capacity, radioactive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can serve as ideal imaging contrast agents. In this review, we provide a brief overview about current state-of-the-art applications of radioactive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the circumstances of multimodality imaging. We present strategies for incorporation of radioisotope(s) into <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> along with applications of radioactive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in multimodal imaging. Advantages and limitations of radioactive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for multimodal imaging applications are discussed. Finally, a future perspective of possible radioactive <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> utilization is presented for improving diagnosis and patient management in a variety of diseases. PMID:27227167</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JNR....17..250H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JNR....17..250H"><span>Comparative hazard analysis and toxicological modeling of diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using the embryonic zebrafish (EZ) metric of toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Harper, Bryan; Thomas, Dennis; Chikkagoudar, Satish; Baker, Nathan; Tang, Kaizhi; Heredia-Langner, Alejandro; Lins, Roberto; Harper, Stacey</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The integration of rapid assays, large datasets, informatics, and modeling can overcome current barriers in understanding <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> structure-toxicity relationships by providing a weight-of-the-evidence mechanism to generate hazard rankings for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here, we present the use of a rapid, low-cost assay to perform screening-level toxicity evaluations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in vivo. Calculated EZ Metric scores, a combined measure of morbidity and mortality in developing embryonic zebrafish, were established at realistic exposure levels and used to develop a hazard ranking of diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Hazard ranking and clustering analysis of 68 diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> revealed distinct patterns of toxicity related to both the core composition and outermost surface chemistry of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The resulting clusters guided the development of a surface chemistry-<span class="hlt">based</span> model of gold nanoparticle toxicity. Our findings suggest that risk assessments <span class="hlt">based</span> on the size and core composition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> alone may be wholly inappropriate, especially when considering complex engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Research should continue to focus on methodologies for determining <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard <span class="hlt">based</span> on multiple sub-lethal responses following realistic, low-dose exposures, thus increasing the availability of quantitative measures of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard to support the development of nanoparticle structure-activity relationships.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2715162','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2715162"><span>Biopharmaceutics and Therapeutic Potential of Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Liang, Xing-Jie; Chen, Chunying; Zhao, Yuliang; Jia, Lee; Wang, Paul C.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are at the leading edge of the rapidly developing nanosciences and are founding an important class of new materials with specific physicochemical properties different from bulk materials with the same compositions. The potential for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is rapidly expanding with novel applications constantly being explored in different areas. The unique size-dependent properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> make them very attractive for pharmaceutical applications. Investigations of physical, chemical and biological properties of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have yielded valuable information. Cytotoxic effects of certain engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> towards malignant cells form the basis for one aspect of nanomedicine. It is inferred that size, three dimensional shape, hydrophobicity and electronic configurations make them an appealing subject in medicinal chemistry. Their unique structure coupled with immense scope for derivatization forms a <span class="hlt">base</span> for exciting developments in therapeutics. This review article addresses the fate of absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) of engineered nanoparticles in vitro and in vivo. It updates the distinctive methodology used for studying the biopharmaceutics of nanoparticles. This review addresses the future potential and safety concerns and genotoxicity of nanoparticle formulations in general. It particularly emphasizes the effects of nanoparticles on metabolic enzymes as well as the parenteral or inhalation administration routes of nanoparticle formulations. This paper illustrates the potential of nanomedicine by discussing biopharmaceutics of fullerene derivatives and their suitability for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Future direction is discussed as well. PMID:18855608</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ANSNN...5a5014P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ANSNN...5a5014P"><span>Carbon-nanotube-<span class="hlt">based</span> liquids: a new class of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Phan, Ngoc Minh; Thang Bui, Hung; Nguyen, Manh Hong; Khoi Phan, Hong</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Carbon-nanotube-<span class="hlt">based</span> liquids—a new class of nanomaterials—have shown many interesting properties and distinctive features offering unprecedented potential for many applications. This paper summarizes the recent progress on the study of the preparation, characterization and properties of carbon-nanotube-<span class="hlt">based</span> liquids including so-called nanofluids, nanolubricants and different kinds of nanosolutions containing multi-walled carbon nanotubes/single-walled carbon nanotubes/graphene. A broad range of current and future applications of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the fields of energy saving, power electronic and optoelectronic devices, biotechnology and agriculture are presented. The paper also identifies challenges and opportunities for future research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28945429','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28945429"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Global Sustainability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamers, Robert J</p> <p>2017-03-21</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> provide tremendous opportunities to advance human welfare in many areas including energy storage, catalysis, photovoltaic energy conversion, environmental remediation, and agriculture. As <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> become incorporated into commercial processes and consumer products in increasing amounts, it will be essential to develop an understanding of how these materials interact with the environment. The broad spectrum and complexity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> drive a need for molecular-level design rules. Ultimately a grand challenge is to use the power of chemistry to ensure that nanoenabled technologies can come to fruition in an environmentally benign manner.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4627040','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4627040"><span>Grouping and Read-Across Approaches for Risk Assessment of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Oomen, Agnes G.; Bleeker, Eric A. J.; Bos, Peter M. J.; van Broekhuizen, Fleur; Gottardo, Stefania; Groenewold, Monique; Hristozov, Danail; Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel; Marcomini, Antonio; Peijnenburg, Willie J. G. M.; Rasmussen, Kirsten; Sánchez Jiménez, Araceli; Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J.; van Tongeren, Martie; Wiench, Karin; Wohlleben, Wendel; Landsiedel, Robert</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Physicochemical properties of chemicals affect their exposure, toxicokinetics/fate and hazard, and for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, the variation of these properties results in a wide variety of materials with potentially different risks. To limit the amount of testing for risk assessment, the information gathering process for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> needs to be efficient. At the same time, sufficient information to assess the safety of human health and the environment should be available for each <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Grouping and read-across approaches can be utilised to meet these goals. This article presents different possible applications of grouping and read-across for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> within the broader perspective of the MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy (RAS), as developed in the EU FP7 project MARINA. Firstly, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be grouped <span class="hlt">based</span> on limited variation in physicochemical properties to subsequently design an efficient testing strategy that covers the entire group. Secondly, knowledge about exposure, toxicokinetics/fate or hazard, for example via properties such as dissolution rate, aspect ratio, chemical (non-)activity, can be used to organise similar materials in generic groups to frame issues that need further attention, or potentially to read-across. Thirdly, when data related to specific endpoints is required, read-across can be considered, using data from a source material for the target <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Read-across could be <span class="hlt">based</span> on a scientifically sound justification that exposure, distribution to the target (fate/toxicokinetics) and hazard of the target material are similar to, or less than, the source material. These grouping and read-across approaches pave the way for better use of available information on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and are flexible enough to allow future adaptations related to scientific developments. PMID:26516872</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516872','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26516872"><span>Grouping and Read-Across Approaches for Risk Assessment of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oomen, Agnes G; Bleeker, Eric A J; Bos, Peter M J; van Broekhuizen, Fleur; Gottardo, Stefania; Groenewold, Monique; Hristozov, Danail; Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel; Marcomini, Antonio; Peijnenburg, Willie J G M; Rasmussen, Kirsten; Jiménez, Araceli Sánchez; Scott-Fordsmand, Janeck J; van Tongeren, Martie; Wiench, Karin; Wohlleben, Wendel; Landsiedel, Robert</p> <p>2015-10-26</p> <p>Physicochemical properties of chemicals affect their exposure, toxicokinetics/fate and hazard, and for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, the variation of these properties results in a wide variety of materials with potentially different risks. To limit the amount of testing for risk assessment, the information gathering process for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> needs to be efficient. At the same time, sufficient information to assess the safety of human health and the environment should be available for each <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Grouping and read-across approaches can be utilised to meet these goals. This article presents different possible applications of grouping and read-across for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> within the broader perspective of the MARINA Risk Assessment Strategy (RAS), as developed in the EU FP7 project MARINA. Firstly, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be grouped <span class="hlt">based</span> on limited variation in physicochemical properties to subsequently design an efficient testing strategy that covers the entire group. Secondly, knowledge about exposure, toxicokinetics/fate or hazard, for example via properties such as dissolution rate, aspect ratio, chemical (non-)activity, can be used to organise similar materials in generic groups to frame issues that need further attention, or potentially to read-across. Thirdly, when data related to specific endpoints is required, read-across can be considered, using data from a source material for the target <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Read-across could be <span class="hlt">based</span> on a scientifically sound justification that exposure, distribution to the target (fate/toxicokinetics) and hazard of the target material are similar to, or less than, the source material. These grouping and read-across approaches pave the way for better use of available information on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and are flexible enough to allow future adaptations related to scientific developments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=330939&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=brain&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=330939&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=brain&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Retinal Toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The neuroretina should be considered as a potential site of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may reach the retina through three potential routes of exposure including; intra­ vitreal injection of therapeutics; blood-borne delivery in the retinal vasculature an...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=256413&keyword=nanotube&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=256413&keyword=nanotube&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Aggregation, Deposition and Release of Graphene Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in the Aquatic Environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Graphene is an atomically thin two dimensional carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> that is composed of a single layer of sp2 – hybridized carbon atoms as found in graphite.1, 2 Usage of graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is increasing rapidly and these materials are predicted to be the most abun...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687944-pathophysiologic-mechanisms-biomedical-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687944-pathophysiologic-mechanisms-biomedical-nanomaterials"><span>Pathophysiologic mechanisms of biomedical <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Liming, E-mail: wangliming@ihep.ac.cn; Chen, Chunying, E-mail: chenchy@nanoctr.cn</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> (NMs) have been widespread used in biomedical fields, daily consuming, and even food industry. It is crucial to understand the safety and biomedical efficacy of NMs. In this review, we summarized the recent progress about the physiological and pathological effects of NMs from several levels: protein-nano interface, NM-subcellular structures, and cell–cell interaction. We focused on the detailed information of nano-bio interaction, especially about protein adsorption, intracellular trafficking, biological barriers, and signaling pathways as well as the associated mechanism mediated by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also introduced related analytical methods that are meaningful and helpful for biomedical effect studies in the future.more » We believe that knowledge about pathophysiologic effects of NMs is not only significant for rational design of medical NMs but also helps predict their safety and further improve their applications in the future. - Highlights: • Rapid protein adsorption onto <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that affects biomedical effects • <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and their interaction with biological membrane, intracellular trafficking and specific cellular effects • <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and their interaction with biological barriers • The signaling pathways mediated by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and related biomedical effects • Novel techniques for studying translocation and biomedical effects of NMs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26459239','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26459239"><span>Two-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Biomedical Applications: Emerging Trends and Future Prospects.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chimene, David; Alge, Daniel L; Gaharwar, Akhilesh K</p> <p>2015-12-02</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are ultrathin <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with a high degree of anisotropy and chemical functionality. Research on 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is still in its infancy, with the majority of research focusing on elucidating unique material characteristics and few reports focusing on biomedical applications of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Nevertheless, recent rapid advances in 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have raised important and exciting questions about their interactions with biological moieties. 2D nanoparticles such as carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> 2D materials, silicate clays, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), and transition metal oxides (TMOs) provide enhanced physical, chemical, and biological functionality owing to their uniform shapes, high surface-to-volume ratios, and surface charge. Here, we focus on state-of-the-art biomedical applications of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as well as recent developments that are shaping this emerging field. Specifically, we describe the unique characteristics that make 2D nanoparticles so valuable, as well as the biocompatibility framework that has been investigated so far. Finally, to both capture the growing trend of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications and to identify promising new research directions, we provide a critical evaluation of potential applications of recently developed 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......110L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......110L"><span>Green Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lewis, Crystal Shenandoa</p> <p></p> <p>Metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted significant research interest due to their unique size-dependent optical, magnetic, electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties as compared with their bulk counterparts. These advantageous and tailorable properties render these materials as ideal candidates for catalysis, photovoltaics, and even biomedical applications. However, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are typically synthesized via chemical or physical processes, which are continuing to rise in cost, complexity, and toxicity. As a result, 'milder' and more environmentally benign nanoscale synthetic methodologies, particularly U-tube double diffusion, molten salt, and hydrothermal techniques, have been utilized to mitigate for these drawbacks. Moreover, these efficient and facile techniques coupled with the unique attributes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will aid in a more practical translation from the lab scale to industry with potential applications spanning from electronics, energy, to medicine. In this thesis, we will discuss the sustainable synthesis of crystalline elemental copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), magnetic spinel ferrites (MFe2O 4 wherein M is Co, Ni, or Zn), rare earth ion doped-calcium titanate (RE-CaTiO3), and hematite (alpha-Fe2O3) as well as our ability to tailor the size and/or morphology and hence tune their properties for potential applications in solar cells and biomedicine. Specifically, for the Cu and Ni nanowires (NWs), the diameters have been dictated by the various template diameters used in the U-tube double diffusion technique. Subsequently, their photocatalytic properties were observed when coupled with TiO2 NPs. For MFe2O4, RE-CaTiO3, and alpha-Fe2O3 nanostructures, the hydrothermal method was employed wherein various parameters such as reaction temperature, concentration, and addition of surfactant were varied to influence their morphology and/or composition. For example, as the reaction temperature was increased, ultrasmall MFe2O4 particles transformed from</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29560713','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29560713"><span>High-Performance Visible-Blind UV Phototransistors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on n-Type Naphthalene Diimide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Song, Inho; Lee, Seung-Chul; Shang, Xiaobo; Ahn, Jaeyong; Jung, Hoon-Joo; Jeong, Chan-Uk; Kim, Sang-Wook; Yoon, Woojin; Yun, Hoseop; Kwon, O-Pil; Oh, Joon Hak</p> <p>2018-04-11</p> <p>This study investigates the performance of single-crystalline <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of wide-band gap naphthalene diimide (NDI) derivatives with methylene-bridged aromatic side chains. Such materials are found to be easily used as high-performance, visible-blind near-UV light detectors. NDI single-crystalline nanoribbons are assembled using a simple solution-<span class="hlt">based</span> process (without solvent-inclusion problems), which is then applied to organic phototransistors (OPTs). Such OPTs exhibit excellent n-channel transistor characteristics, including an average electron mobility of 1.7 cm 2 V -1 s -1 , sensitive UV detection properties with a detection limit of ∼1 μW cm -2 , millisecond-level responses, and detectivity as high as 10 15 Jones, demonstrating the highly sensitive organic visible-blind UV detectors. The high performance of our OPTs originates from the large face-to-face π-π stacking area between the NDI semiconducting cores, which is facilitated by methylene-bridged aromatic side chains. Interestingly, NDI-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoribbon OPTs exhibit a distinct visible-blind near-UV detection with an identical detection limit, even under intense visible light illumination (for example, 10 4 times higher intensity than UV light intensity). Our findings demonstrate that wide-band gap NDI-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are highly promising for developing high-performance visible-blind UV photodetectors. Such photodetectors could potentially be used for various applications including environmental and health-monitoring systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JNR....11.1651O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009JNR....11.1651O"><span>Distinguishing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> particles from background airborne particulate matter for quantitative exposure assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ono-Ogasawara, Mariko; Serita, Fumio; Takaya, Mitsutoshi</p> <p>2009-10-01</p> <p>As the production of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> quantitatively expands, the chance that workers involved in the manufacturing process will be exposed to nanoparticles also increases. A risk management system is needed for workplaces in the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> industry <span class="hlt">based</span> on the precautionary principle. One of the problems in the risk management system is difficulty of exposure assessment. In this article, examples of exposure assessment in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> industries are reviewed with a focus on distinguishing engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> particles from background nanoparticles in workplace atmosphere. An approach by JNIOSH (Japan National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health) to quantitatively measure exposure to carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is also introduced. In addition to real-time measurements and qualitative analysis by electron microscopy, quantitative chemical analysis is necessary for quantitatively assessing exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Chemical analysis is suitable for quantitative exposure measurement especially at facilities with high levels of background NPs.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152673','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27152673"><span>Design of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for medicine, biotechnology, and energy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wen, Amy M; Steinmetz, Nicole F</p> <p>2016-07-25</p> <p>This review provides an overview of recent developments in "chemical virology." Viruses, as materials, provide unique nanoscale scaffolds that have relevance in chemical biology and nanotechnology, with diverse areas of applications. Some fundamental advantages of viruses, compared to synthetically programmed materials, include the highly precise spatial arrangement of their subunits into a diverse array of shapes and sizes and many available avenues for easy and reproducible modification. Here, we will first survey the broad distribution of viruses and various methods for producing virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles, as well as engineering principles used to impart new functionalities. We will then examine the broad range of applications and implications of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials, focusing on the medical, biotechnology, and energy sectors. We anticipate that this field will continue to evolve and grow, with exciting new possibilities stemming from advancements in the rational design of virus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304772','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304772"><span>Metal Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> QNAR Models: Available Structural Descriptors and Understanding of Toxicity Mechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ying, Jiali; Zhang, Ting; Tang, Meng</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are widely used in various areas; however, the divergent published toxicology data makes it difficult to determine whether there is a risk associated with exposure to metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The application of quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) modeling in metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> toxicity studies can reduce the need for time-consuming and resource-intensive nanotoxicity tests. The nanostructure and inorganic composition of metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> makes this approach different from classical QSAR study; this review lists and classifies some structural descriptors, such as size, cation charge, and band gap energy, in recent metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> quantitative nanostructure activity relationship (QNAR) studies and discusses the mechanism of metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> toxicity <span class="hlt">based</span> on these descriptors and traditional nanotoxicity tests. PMID:28347085</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2591W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2591W"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> induction of oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells and macrophages</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Lin; Pal, Anoop K.; Isaacs, Jacqueline A.; Bello, Dhimiter; Carrier, Rebecca L.</p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>Oxidative stress in the lung epithelial A549 cells and macrophages J774A.1 due to contact with commercially important <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> [i.e., nano-silver (nAg), nano-alumina (nAl2O3), single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT), and nano-titanium oxide anatase (nTiO2)] was evaluated. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-induced intracellular oxidative stress was analyzed by both H2DCFDA fluorescein probe and GSH depletion, extracellular oxidative stress was assessed by H2HFF fluorescein probes, and the secretion of chemokine IL-8 by A549 cells due to elevation of cellular oxidative stress was also monitored, in order to provide a comprehensive in vitro study on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-induced oxidative stress in lung. In addition, results from this study were also compared with an acellular "ferric reducing ability of serum" (FRAS) assay and a prokaryotic cell-<span class="hlt">based</span> assay in evaluating oxidative damage caused by the same set of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, for comparison purposes. In general, it was found that <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-induced oxidative stress is highly cell-type dependent. In A549 lung epithelial cells, nAg appeared to induce highest level of oxidative stress and cell death followed by CNT, nTiO2, and nAl2O3. Different biological oxidative damage (BOD) assays' (i.e., H2DCFA, GSH, and IL-8 release) results generally agreed with each other, and the same trends of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-induced BOD were also observed in acellular FRAS and prokaryotic E. coli K12-<span class="hlt">based</span> assay. In macrophage J774A.1 cells, nAl2O3 and nTiO2 appeared to induce highest levels of oxidative stress. These results suggest that epithelial and macrophage cell models may provide complimentary information when conducting cell-<span class="hlt">based</span> assays to evaluate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-induced oxidative damage in lung.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095965','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24095965"><span>Impact of humic/fulvic acid on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: a review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Wang-Wang; Zeng, Guang-Ming; Gong, Ji-Lai; Liang, Jie; Xu, Piao; Zhang, Chang; Huang, Bin-Bin</p> <p>2014-01-15</p> <p>Nowadays <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been widely used to remove heavy metals from water/wastewater due to their large surface area and high reactivity. Humic acid (HA) and fulvic acid (FA) exist ubiquitously in aquatic environments and have a variety of functional groups which allow them to complex with metal ions and interact with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These interactions can not only alter the environmental behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, but also influence the removal and transportation of heavy metals by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Thus, the interactions and the underlying mechanisms involved warrant specific investigations. This review outlined the effects of HA/FA on the removal of heavy metals from aqueous solutions by various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, mainly including carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, iron-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and photocatalytic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Moreover, mechanisms involved in the interactions were discussed and potential environmental implications of HA/FA to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and heavy metals were evaluated. © 2013.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.2488W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.2488W"><span>Self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for photoacoustic imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Lei; Yang, Pei-Pei; Zhao, Xiao-Xiao; Wang, Hao</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In recent years, extensive endeavors have been paid to construct functional self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for various applications such as catalysis, separation, energy and biomedicines. To date, different strategies have been developed for preparing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with diversified structures and functionalities via fine tuning of self-assembled building blocks. In terms of biomedical applications, bioimaging technologies are urgently calling for high-efficient probes/contrast agents for high-performance bioimaging. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging whole-body imaging modality offering high spatial resolution, deep penetration and high contrast in vivo. The self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> show high stability in vivo, specific tolerance to sterilization and prolonged half-life stability and desirable targeting properties, which is a kind of promising PA contrast agents for biomedical imaging. Herein, we focus on summarizing recent advances in smart self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with NIR absorption as PA contrast agents for biomedical imaging. According to the preparation strategy of the contrast agents, the self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are categorized into two groups, i.e., the ex situ and in situ self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The driving forces, assembly modes and regulation of PA properties of self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications for long-term imaging, enzyme activity detection and aggregation-induced retention (AIR) effect for diagnosis and therapy are emphasized. Finally, we conclude with an outlook towards future developments of self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for PA imaging.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24730297','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24730297"><span>Antimicrobial and biocompatible properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ul-Islam, M; Shehzad, A; Khan, S; Khattak, W A; Ullah, M W; Park, J K</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The rapid development of drug-resistant characteristics in pathogenic viral, bacterial, and fungal species and the consequent spread of infectious diseases are currently receiving serious attention. Indeed, there is a pressing demand to explore novel materials and develop new strategies that can address these issues of serious concern. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are currently proving to be the most capable therapeutic agents to cope with such hazards. The exceptional physiochemical properties and impressive antimicrobial capabilities of nanoparticles have provoked their utilization in biomedical fields. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> of both organic and inorganic nature have shown the capabilities of disrupting microbial cells through different mechanisms. Along with the direct influence on the microbial cell membrane, DNA and proteins, these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damage cell components and viruses. Currently, a serious hazard associated with these antimicrobial <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is their toxicity to human and animal cells. Extensive studies have reported the dose, time, and cell-dependent toxicology of various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and some have shown excellent biocompatible properties. Nevertheless, there is still debate regarding the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for medical applications. Therefore, in this review, the antimicrobial activities of various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with details of their acting mechanisms were compiled. The relative toxic and biocompatible behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> emphasized in this study provides information pertaining to their practical applicability in medical fields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757620','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26757620"><span>Self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for photoacoustic imaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Lei; Yang, Pei-Pei; Zhao, Xiao-Xiao; Wang, Hao</p> <p>2016-02-07</p> <p>In recent years, extensive endeavors have been paid to construct functional self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for various applications such as catalysis, separation, energy and biomedicines. To date, different strategies have been developed for preparing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with diversified structures and functionalities via fine tuning of self-assembled building blocks. In terms of biomedical applications, bioimaging technologies are urgently calling for high-efficient probes/contrast agents for high-performance bioimaging. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is an emerging whole-body imaging modality offering high spatial resolution, deep penetration and high contrast in vivo. The self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> show high stability in vivo, specific tolerance to sterilization and prolonged half-life stability and desirable targeting properties, which is a kind of promising PA contrast agents for biomedical imaging. Herein, we focus on summarizing recent advances in smart self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with NIR absorption as PA contrast agents for biomedical imaging. According to the preparation strategy of the contrast agents, the self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are categorized into two groups, i.e., the ex situ and in situ self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The driving forces, assembly modes and regulation of PA properties of self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications for long-term imaging, enzyme activity detection and aggregation-induced retention (AIR) effect for diagnosis and therapy are emphasized. Finally, we conclude with an outlook towards future developments of self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for PA imaging.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=210212&keyword=e+AND+commerce&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=210212&keyword=e+AND+commerce&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Phototoxicity of Selected <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Quantification of exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is critical for assessing their environmental hazard and risk. This is an immediate issue for nano-TiO2 because it is one of more common <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> now in commerce, and is difficult to analyze using common acid-digestion techniques. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA602085','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA602085"><span>Development of Novel Metal Hydride-Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">Based</span> Nanocomposites as Anode Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion Battery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-06-30</p> <p>The aim of this study is to develop metal hydride-carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> nanocomposites as anode electrode materials for high capacity lithium ion battery and...henceforth to develop high energy density, and good cyclic stability lithium ion battery .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28045253','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28045253"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for In Vivo Imaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smith, Bryan Ronain; Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam</p> <p>2017-02-08</p> <p>In vivo imaging, which enables us to peer deeply within living subjects, is producing tremendous opportunities both for clinical diagnostics and as a research tool. Contrast material is often required to clearly visualize the functional architecture of physiological structures. Recent advances in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are becoming pivotal to generate the high-resolution, high-contrast images needed for accurate, precision diagnostics. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are playing major roles in imaging by delivering large imaging payloads, yielding improved sensitivity, multiplexing capacity, and modularity of design. Indeed, for several imaging modalities, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are now not simply ancillary contrast entities, but are instead the original and sole source of image signal that make possible the modality's existence. We address the physicochemical makeup/design of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through the lens of the physical properties that produce contrast signal for the cognate imaging modality-we stratify <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the basis of their (i) magnetic, (ii) optical, (iii) acoustic, and/or (iv) nuclear properties. We evaluate them for their ability to provide relevant information under preclinical and clinical circumstances, their in vivo safety profiles (which are being incorporated into their chemical design), their modularity in being fused to create multimodal <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (spanning multiple different physical imaging modalities and therapeutic/theranostic capabilities), their key properties, and critically their likelihood to be clinically translated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5e2002U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5e2002U"><span>Synthesis of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from different pyrolysis techniques: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Umer Zahid, Muhammad; Pervaiz, Erum; Hussain, Arshad; Shahzad, Muhammad Imran; Niazi, Muhammad Bilal Khan</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>In the current age, the significance of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for many applications has made the efforts for the facile synthesis methods from abundantly available wastes in a cost-effective way. Pyrolysis in a broad spectrum is commonly employed for the synthesis of carbon nanostructures by thermally treating the organic waste. The mechanism of growth of the nanoparticles determines the functional distribution of nanoparticles <span class="hlt">based</span> on the growing size, medium, and physio-chemical properties. Carbon nanomaterial’s growth is a complicated process which is profoundly influenced by temperature, catalyst, and type of precursor. Nowadays, significant progress has been made in improving nanomaterial’s growth techniques, opening new paths for commercial production of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The most promising are the methods involving hydrocarbon-rich organic waste as the feed source. In this review, synthesis of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, specifically carbon nanotubes (CNTs), Carbon nanofibers (CNFs) and Graphene (G) are discussed by different pyrolysis techniques. Furthermore, the review explores recent advancements made in the context of pyrolysis.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191414','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191414"><span>Deformable devices with integrated functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for wearable electronics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Jaemin; Lee, Jongsu; Son, Donghee; Choi, Moon Kee; Kim, Dae-Hyeong</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>As the market and related industry for wearable electronics dramatically expands, there are continuous and strong demands for flexible and stretchable devices to be seamlessly integrated with soft and curvilinear human skin or clothes. However, the mechanical mismatch between the rigid conventional electronics and the soft human body causes many problems. Therefore, various prospective <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that possess a much lower flexural rigidity than their bulk counterparts have rapidly established themselves as promising electronic materials replacing rigid silicon and/or compound semiconductors in next-generation wearable devices. Many hybrid structures of multiple <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been also developed to pursue both high performance and multifunctionality. Here, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art wearable devices <span class="hlt">based</span> on one- or two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, single-crystal silicon and oxide nanomembranes, organic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their hybrids) in combination with zero-dimensional functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., metal/oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots). Starting from an introduction of materials strategies, we describe device designs and the roles of individual ones in integrated systems. Detailed application examples of wearable sensors/actuators, memories, energy devices, and displays are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3....4K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3....4K"><span>Deformable devices with integrated functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for wearable electronics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Jaemin; Lee, Jongsu; Son, Donghee; Choi, Moon Kee; Kim, Dae-Hyeong</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>As the market and related industry for wearable electronics dramatically expands, there are continuous and strong demands for flexible and stretchable devices to be seamlessly integrated with soft and curvilinear human skin or clothes. However, the mechanical mismatch between the rigid conventional electronics and the soft human body causes many problems. Therefore, various prospective <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that possess a much lower flexural rigidity than their bulk counterparts have rapidly established themselves as promising electronic materials replacing rigid silicon and/or compound semiconductors in next-generation wearable devices. Many hybrid structures of multiple <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been also developed to pursue both high performance and multifunctionality. Here, we provide an overview of state-of-the-art wearable devices <span class="hlt">based</span> on one- or two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., carbon nanotubes, graphene, single-crystal silicon and oxide nanomembranes, organic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their hybrids) in combination with zero-dimensional functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., metal/oxide nanoparticles and quantum dots). Starting from an introduction of materials strategies, we describe device designs and the roles of individual ones in integrated systems. Detailed application examples of wearable sensors/actuators, memories, energy devices, and displays are also presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NML....10...53D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NML....10...53D"><span>A Review on Graphene-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Biomedical Applications and Risks in Environment and Health</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dasari Shareena, Thabitha P.; McShan, Danielle; Dasmahapatra, Asok K.; Tchounwou, Paul B.</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (GBNs) have attracted increasing interests of the scientific community due to their unique physicochemical properties and their applications in biotechnology, biomedicine, bioengineering, disease diagnosis and therapy. Although a large amount of researches have been conducted on these novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, limited comprehensive reviews are published on their biomedical applications and potential environmental and human health effects. The present research aimed at addressing this knowledge gap by examining and discussing: (1) the history, synthesis, structural properties and recent developments of GBNs for biomedical applications; (2) GBNs uses as therapeutics, drug/gene delivery and antibacterial materials; (3) GBNs applications in tissue engineering and in research as biosensors and bioimaging materials; and (4) GBNs potential environmental effects and human health risks. It also discussed the perspectives and challenges associated with the biomedical applications of GBNs.[Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=336532','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=336532"><span>Modeling Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) Fate and ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Under the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is required to perform new chemical reviews of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) identified in pre-manufacture notices. However, environmental fate models developed for traditional contaminants are limited in their ability to simulate the environmental behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> due to incomplete understanding and representation of the processes governing <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> distribution in the environment and by scarce empirical data quantifying the interaction of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with environmental surfaces. We have updated the Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program (WASP), version S, to incorporate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as an explicitly simulated state variable. WASPS now has the capability to simulate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> fate and transport in surface waters and sediments using heteroaggregation, the kinetic process governing the attachment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to particles and subsequently ENM distribution in the aqueous and sediment phases. Unlike dissolved chemicals which use equilibrium partition coefficients, heteroaggregation consists of a particle collision rate and an attachment efficiency ( lXhet) that generally acts as a one direction process. To demonstrate, we used a derived a het value from sediment attachment studies to parameterize WASP for simulation of multi walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) transport in Brier Creek, a coastal plain river located in central eastern Georgia, USA and a tr</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27887838','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27887838"><span>A mixture toxicity approach to predict the toxicity of Ag decorated ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Azevedo, S L; Holz, T; Rodrigues, J; Monteiro, T; Costa, F M; Soares, A M V M; Loureiro, S</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology is a rising field and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can now be found in a vast variety of products with different chemical compositions, sizes and shapes. New nanostructures combining different <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being developed due to their enhancing characteristics when compared to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> alone. In the present study, the toxicity of a nanostructure composed by a ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> with Ag <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on its surface (designated as ZnO/Ag nanostructure) was assessed using the model-organism Daphnia magna and its toxicity predicted <span class="hlt">based</span> on the toxicity of the single components (Zn and Ag). For that ZnO and Ag <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as single components, along with its mixture prepared in the laboratory, were compared in terms of toxicity to ZnO/Ag nanostructures. Toxicity was assessed by immobilization and reproduction tests. A mixture toxicity approach was carried out using as starting point the conceptual model of Concentration Addition. The laboratory mixture of both <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> showed that toxicity was dependent on the doses of ZnO and Ag used (immobilization) or presented a synergistic pattern (reproduction). The ZnO/Ag nanostructure toxicity prediction, <span class="hlt">based</span> on the percentage of individual components, showed an increase in toxicity when compared to the expected (immobilization) and dependent on the concentration used (reproduction). This study demonstrates that the toxicity of the prepared mixture of ZnO and Ag and of the ZnO/Ag nanostructure cannot be predicted <span class="hlt">based</span> on the toxicity of their components, highlighting the importance of taking into account the interaction between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> when assessing hazard and risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhD...51k3002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhD...51k3002C"><span>One-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for energy storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Cheng; Fan, Yuqi; Gu, Jianhang; Wu, Liming; Passerini, Stefano; Mai, Liqiang</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The search for higher energy density, safer, and longer cycling-life energy storage systems is progressing quickly. One-dimensional (1D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have a large length-to-diameter ratio, resulting in their unique electrical, mechanical, magnetic and chemical properties, and have wide applications as electrode materials in different systems. This article reviews the latest hot topics in applying 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, covering both their synthesis and their applications. 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be grouped into the categories: carbon, silicon, metal oxides, and conducting polymers, and we structure our discussion accordingly. Then, we survey the unique properties and application of 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in batteries and supercapacitors, and provide comments on the progress and advantages of those systems, paving the way for a better understanding of employing 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for energy storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572965','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29572965"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Plasmon-Enhanced Infrared Spectroscopy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Xiaoxia; Sun, Zhipei; Low, Tony; Hu, Hai; Guo, Xiangdong; García de Abajo, F Javier; Avouris, Phaedon; Dai, Qing</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Surface-enhanced infrared absorption (SEIRA) has attracted increasing attention due to the potential of infrared spectroscopy in applications such as molecular trace sensing of solids, polymers, and proteins, specifically fueled by recent substantial developments in infrared plasmonic materials and engineered nanostructures. Here, the significant progress achieved in the past decades is reviewed, along with the current state of the art of SEIRA. In particular, the plasmonic properties of a variety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are discussed (e.g., metals, semiconductors, and graphene) along with their use in the design of efficient SEIRA configurations. To conclude, perspectives on potential applications, including single-molecule detection and in vivo bioassays, are presented. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4832057','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4832057"><span>Coupling carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with photochromic molecules for the generation of optically responsive materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Xiaoyan; Hou, Lili; Samorì, Paolo</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Multifunctional carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offer routes towards the realization of smart and high-performing (opto)electronic (nano)devices, sensors and logic gates. Meanwhile photochromic molecules exhibit reversible transformation between two forms, induced by the absorption of electromagnetic radiation. By combining carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with photochromic molecules, one can achieve reversible changes in geometrical structure, electronic properties and nanoscale mechanics triggering by light. This thus enables a reversible modulation of numerous physical and chemical properties of the carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> towards the fabrication of cognitive devices. This review examines the state of the art with respect to these responsive materials, and seeks to identify future directions for investigation. PMID:27067387</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MPLB...3150011B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MPLB...3150011B"><span>Specific heat and thermal conductivity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bhatt, Sandhya; Kumar, Raghuvesh; Kumar, Munish</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>A model is proposed to study the size and shape effects on specific heat and thermal conductivity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The formulation developed for specific heat is <span class="hlt">based</span> on the basic concept of cohesive energy and melting temperature. The specific heat of Ag and Au nanoparticles is reported and the effect of size and shape has been studied. We observed that specific heat increases with the reduction of particle size having maximum shape effect for spherical nanoparticle. To provide a more critical test, we extended our model to study the thermal conductivity and used it for the study of Si, diamond, Cu, Ni, Ar, ZrO2, BaTiO3 and SrTiO3 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A significant reduction is found in the thermal conductivity for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by decreasing the size. The model predictions are consistent with the available experimental and simulation results. This demonstrates the suitability of the model proposed in this paper.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364029','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364029"><span>Remediation of water and wastewater by using engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: A review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bishoge, Obadia K; Zhang, Lingling; Suntu, Shaldon L; Jin, Hui; Zewde, Abraham A; Qi, Zhongwei</p> <p>2018-05-12</p> <p>Nanotechnology is currently a fast-rising socioeconomic and political knowledge-<span class="hlt">based</span> technology owing to the unique characteristics of its engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This branch of technology is useful for water and wastewater remediation. Many scientists and researchers have been conducting different studies and experiments on the applications of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> at the local to international level. This review mainly aims to provide a current overview of existing knowledge on engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their applications in water and wastewater remediation. Furthermore, the present risks and challenges of nanotechnology are examined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..442..682W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..442..682W"><span>Morphological transformations of BNCO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: Role of intermediates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, B. B.; Qu, X. L.; Zhu, M. K.; Levchenko, I.; Baranov, O.; Zhong, X. X.; Xu, S.; Ostrikov, K.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p> the 1D boron and nitrogen co-doped tube-like carbon nanorods. The significant differences in the PL properties can be attributed to different carbon structures in these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These achievements can be used to synthesize and control the structures of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and contribute to the development of the next generation optoelectronic nanodevices <span class="hlt">based</span> on 1D and 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/951856-nanomaterial-based-biosensors-detection-pesticides-explosives','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/951856-nanomaterial-based-biosensors-detection-pesticides-explosives"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Biosensors for Detection of Pesticides and Explosives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wang, Jun; Lin, Yuehe</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>In this chapter, we describe <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> biosensors for detecting OP pesticides and explosives. CNTs and functionalized silica nanoparticles have been chosen for this study. The biosensors were combined with the flow-injection system, providing great advantages for onsite, real-time, and continuous detection of environmental pollutants such as OPs and TNT. The sensors take advantage of the electrocatalytic properties of CNTs, which makes it feasible to achieve a sensitive electrochemical detection of the products from enzymatic reactions at low potential. This approach uses a large aspect ratio of silica nanoparticles, which can be used as a carrier for loading a large amountmore » of electroactive species, such as poly(guanine), for amplified detection of explosives. These methods offer a new environmental monitoring tool for rapid, inexpensive, and highly sensitive detection of OPs or TNT compounds.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........59Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006PhDT........59Y"><span>Design and characterization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-biomolecule conjugates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yim, Tae-Jin</p> <p></p> <p>In the field of nanobiotechnology, nanoscale dimensions result in physical properties that differ from more conventional bulk material state. The integration of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biomolecules has begun to be used for unique physical properties, and for biological specific recognition, thereby leading to novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-biomolecule conjugates. The direction of this dissertation is to develop biocatalytic <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-biomolecule conjugates and to characterize them. For this, biological catalysts are employed to combine with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Two large parts include functional ization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biomolecules and assembly of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using a biological catalyst. First part of this thesis work is the exploration of the biocatalytic properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-biomolecule conjugates. Si nanocolumns have higher surface area which leads more amount of biocatalytis immobilization than flat Si wafer with the same projected area. The enhanced activity of soybean peroxidase (SBP) immobilized onto Si nanocolumns as novel nanostructured supports is focused. Next, the catalytic activity of immobilized DNAzyme onto multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) is compared to that in solution phase, and multiple turnovers are examined. The relationship between hybridization efficiency and activity is investigated as a function of surface density of DNAzyme on MWNTs. Then, cellular delivery of silica nanoparticle-protein conjugates is visually confirmed and therefore the intracellular function of a protein delivered by silica nanoparticle-protein conjugates is proved. For one example of the intracellular function, stable SBP immobilized onto silica nanoparticles to activate a prodrug is demonstrated. Second part of this thesis work is the formation of nanostructured materials through the enzymatic assembly of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs). Enzymatic polymerization of a phenol compound is applied to the bridging of two or more SWNTs functionalized with phenol</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176290','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1176290"><span>Assembly of ordered carbon shells on semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sutter, Eli Anguelova; Sutter, Peter Werner</p> <p>2010-05-11</p> <p>In some embodiments of the invention, encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described. In certain embodiments the nanostructures described are semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> encapsulated with ordered carbon shells. In some aspects a method for producing encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is disclosed. In some embodiments applications of encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1079426','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1079426"><span>Assembly of ordered carbon shells on semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Sutter, Eli Anguelova; Sutter, Peter Werner</p> <p>2012-10-02</p> <p>In some embodiments of the invention, encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described. In certain embodiments the nanostructures described are semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> encapsulated with ordered carbon shells. In some aspects a method for producing encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is disclosed. In some embodiments applications of encapsulated semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323804','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16323804"><span>Relative risk analysis of several manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: an insurance industry context.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Robichaud, Christine Ogilvie; Tanzil, Dicksen; Weilenmann, Ulrich; Wiesner, Mark R</p> <p>2005-11-15</p> <p>A relative risk assessment is presented for the industrial fabrication of several <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The production processes for five <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were selected for this analysis, <span class="hlt">based</span> on their current or near-term potential for large-scale production and commercialization: single-walled carbon nanotubes, bucky balls (C60), one variety of quantum dots, alumoxane nanoparticles, and nano-titanium dioxide. The assessment focused on the activities surrounding the fabrication of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, exclusive of any impacts or risks with the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> themselves. A representative synthesis method was selected for each <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on its potential for scaleup. A list of input materials, output materials, and waste streams for each step of fabrication was developed and entered into a database that included key process characteristics such as temperature and pressure. The physical-chemical properties and quantities of the inventoried materials were used to assess relative risk <span class="hlt">based</span> on factors such as volatility, carcinogenicity, flammability, toxicity, and persistence. These factors were first used to qualitatively rank risk, then combined using an actuarial protocol developed by the insurance industry for the purpose of calculating insurance premiums for chemical manufacturers. This protocol ranks three categories of risk relative to a 100 point scale (where 100 represents maximum risk): incident risk, normal operations risk, and latent contamination risk. Results from this analysis determined that relative environmental risk from manufacturing each of these five materials was comparatively low in relation to other common industrial manufacturing processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1224504','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1224504"><span>Comparative hazard analysis and toxicological modeling of diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using the embryonic zebrafish (EZ) metric of toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Harper, Bryan; Thomas, Dennis G.; Chikkagoudar, Satish</p> <p></p> <p>The integration of rapid assays, large data sets, informatics and modeling can overcome current barriers in understanding <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> structure-toxicity relationships by providing a weight-of-the-evidence mechanism to generate hazard rankings for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here we present the use of a rapid, low-cost assay to perform screening-level toxicity evaluations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in vivo. Calculated EZ Metric scores, a combined measure of morbidity and mortality, were established at realistic exposure levels and used to develop a predictive model of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Hazard ranking and clustering analysis of 68 diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> revealed distinct patterns of toxicity related to both core composition and outermost surface chemistrymore » of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The resulting clusters guided the development of a predictive model of gold nanoparticle toxicity to embryonic zebrafish. In addition, our findings suggest that risk assessments <span class="hlt">based</span> on the size and core composition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> alone may be wholly inappropriate, especially when considering complex engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These findings reveal the need to expeditiously increase the availability of quantitative measures of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard and broaden the sharing of that data and knowledge to support predictive modeling. In addition, research should continue to focus on methodologies for developing predictive models of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard <span class="hlt">based</span> on sub-lethal responses to low dose exposures.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1224504-comparative-hazard-analysis-toxicological-modeling-diverse-nanomaterials-using-embryonic-zebrafish-ez-metric-toxicity','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1224504-comparative-hazard-analysis-toxicological-modeling-diverse-nanomaterials-using-embryonic-zebrafish-ez-metric-toxicity"><span>Comparative hazard analysis and toxicological modeling of diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using the embryonic zebrafish (EZ) metric of toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Harper, Bryan; Thomas, Dennis G.; Chikkagoudar, Satish; ...</p> <p>2015-06-04</p> <p>The integration of rapid assays, large data sets, informatics and modeling can overcome current barriers in understanding <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> structure-toxicity relationships by providing a weight-of-the-evidence mechanism to generate hazard rankings for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here we present the use of a rapid, low-cost assay to perform screening-level toxicity evaluations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in vivo. Calculated EZ Metric scores, a combined measure of morbidity and mortality, were established at realistic exposure levels and used to develop a predictive model of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Hazard ranking and clustering analysis of 68 diverse <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> revealed distinct patterns of toxicity related to both core composition and outermost surface chemistrymore » of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The resulting clusters guided the development of a predictive model of gold nanoparticle toxicity to embryonic zebrafish. In addition, our findings suggest that risk assessments <span class="hlt">based</span> on the size and core composition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> alone may be wholly inappropriate, especially when considering complex engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These findings reveal the need to expeditiously increase the availability of quantitative measures of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard and broaden the sharing of that data and knowledge to support predictive modeling. In addition, research should continue to focus on methodologies for developing predictive models of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard <span class="hlt">based</span> on sub-lethal responses to low dose exposures.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JOM....70d.566D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JOM....70d.566D"><span>A Review of the Cell to Graphene-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Interface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Darbandi, Arash; Gottardo, Erik; Huff, Joshua; Stroscio, Michael; Shokuhfar, Tolou</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The area of cellular interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is an important research interest. The sensitivity of cells toward their extracellular matrix allows researchers to create microenvironments for guided stem cell differentiation. Among <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, graphene, often called the "wonder material," and its derivatives are at the forefront of such endeavors. Graphene's carbon backbone, paired with its biocompatibility and ease of functionalization, has been used as an enhanced method of controlled cell proliferation. Graphene's honeycomb nature allows for compatibility with polymers and biological material for the creation of nanocomposite scaffolds that help differentiation into cell types that have otherwise been proven difficult. Such materials and their role in guiding cell growth can aid the construction of tissue grafts where shortages and patient compatibility create a low success rate. This review will bring together novel studies and techniques used to understand and optimizes graphene's role in cell growth mechanisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4544834','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4544834"><span>Cellulose <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Water Treatment Technologies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carpenter, Alexis Wells; de Lannoy, Charles François; Wiesner, Mark R.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are naturally occurring with unique structural, mechanical and optical properties. While the paper and packaging, automotive, personal care, construction, and textiles industries have recognized cellulose nanomaterials’ potential, we suggest cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have great untapped potential in water treatment technologies. In this review, we gather evidence of cellulose nanomaterials’ beneficial role in environmental remediation and membranes for water filtration, including their high surface area-to-volume ratio, low environmental impact, high strength, functionalizability, and sustainability. We make direct comparison between cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in terms of physical and chemical properties, production costs, use and disposal in order to show the potential of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as a sustainable replacement for CNTs in water treatment technologies. Finally, we comment on the need for improved communication and collaboration across the myriad industries invested in cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> production and development to achieve an efficient means to commercialization. PMID:25837659</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335261','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28335261"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Cardiac Myocyte Tissue Engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Amezcua, Rodolfo; Shirolkar, Ajay; Fraze, Carolyn; Stout, David A</p> <p>2016-07-19</p> <p>Since their synthesizing introduction to the research community, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have infiltrated almost every corner of science and engineering. Over the last decade, one such field has begun to look at using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for beneficial applications in tissue engineering, specifically, cardiac tissue engineering. During a myocardial infarction, part of the cardiac muscle, or myocardium, is deprived of blood. Therefore, the lack of oxygen destroys cardiomyocytes, leaving dead tissue and possibly resulting in the development of arrhythmia, ventricular remodeling, and eventual heart failure. Scarred cardiac muscle results in heart failure for millions of heart attack survivors worldwide. Modern cardiac tissue engineering research has developed <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> applications to combat heart failure, preserve normal heart tissue, and grow healthy myocardium around the infarcted area. This review will discuss the recent progress of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for cardiovascular tissue engineering applications through three main <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> approaches: scaffold designs, patches, and injectable materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933294','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28933294"><span>Biodegradable black phosphorus-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biomedicine: theranostic applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhen; Liu, Zhiming; Su, Chengkang; Yang, Biwen; Fei, Xixi; Li, Yi; Hou, Yuqing; Zhao, Henan; Guo, Yanxian; Zhuang, Zhengfei; Zhong, Huiqing; Guo, Zhouyi</p> <p>2017-09-20</p> <p>Ascribe to the unique two-dimensional planar nanostructure with exceptional physical and chemical properties, black phosphorous (BP) as the emerging inorganic two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> with high biocompatibility and degradability has been becoming one of the most promising materials of great potentials in biomedicine. The exfoliated BP sheets possess ultra-high surface area available for valid bio-conjugation and molecular loading for chemotherapy. Utilizing the intrinsic near-infrared optical absorbance, BP-<span class="hlt">based</span> photothermal therapy in vivo, photodynamic therapy and biomedical imaging has been realized, achieving unprecedented anti-tumor therapeutic efficacy in animal experiments. Additionally, the BP nanosheets can strongly react with oxygen and water, and finally degrade to non-toxic phosphate and phosphonate in the aqueous solution. This manuscript aimed to summarize the preliminary progresses on theranostic application of BP and its derivatives black phosphorus quantum dots (BPQDs), and discussed the prospects and the state-of-art unsolved critical issues of using BP-<span class="hlt">based</span> material for theranostic applications. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54.1555S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018HMT....54.1555S"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in solar thermal energy storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shamshirgaran, Seyed Reza; Khalaji Assadi, Morteza; Viswanatha Sharma, Korada</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Solar thermal conversion technology harvests the sun's energy, rather than fossil fuels, to generate low-cost, low/zero-emission energy in the form of heating, cooling or electrical form for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The advent of nanofluids and nanocomposites or phase change materials, is a new field of study which is adapted to enhance the efficiency of solar collectors. The concepts of thermal energy storage technologies are investigated and the role of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in energy conversion is discussed. This review revealed that although the exploitation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will boost the performance of solar collectors almost in all cases, this would be accompanied by certain challenges such as production cost, instability, agglomeration and erosion. Earlier studies have dealt with the enhancement of thermal conductivity and heat capacity; however, less attention has been given to the facing challenges. Moreover, no exact criteria can be found for the selection of appropriate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their properties for a specific application. In most research studies, the nanoparticles' material and properties have not been selected <span class="hlt">based</span> on estimated values so that all the aspects of desired application could be considered simultaneously. The wide spread use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can lead to cost effective solutions as well. Therefore, it seems there should be a sense of techno-economic optimization in exploiting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for solar thermal energy storage applications. The optimization should cover the key parameters, particularly nanoparticle type, size, loading and shape which depends on the sort of application and also dispersion technology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017HMT...tmp..477S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017HMT...tmp..477S"><span>Application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in solar thermal energy storage</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shamshirgaran, Seyed Reza; Khalaji Assadi, Morteza; Viswanatha Sharma, Korada</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Solar thermal conversion technology harvests the sun's energy, rather than fossil fuels, to generate low-cost, low/zero-emission energy in the form of heating, cooling or electrical form for residential, commercial, and industrial sectors. The advent of nanofluids and nanocomposites or phase change materials, is a new field of study which is adapted to enhance the efficiency of solar collectors. The concepts of thermal energy storage technologies are investigated and the role of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in energy conversion is discussed. This review revealed that although the exploitation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will boost the performance of solar collectors almost in all cases, this would be accompanied by certain challenges such as production cost, instability, agglomeration and erosion. Earlier studies have dealt with the enhancement of thermal conductivity and heat capacity; however, less attention has been given to the facing challenges. Moreover, no exact criteria can be found for the selection of appropriate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their properties for a specific application. In most research studies, the nanoparticles' material and properties have not been selected <span class="hlt">based</span> on estimated values so that all the aspects of desired application could be considered simultaneously. The wide spread use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can lead to cost effective solutions as well. Therefore, it seems there should be a sense of techno-economic optimization in exploiting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for solar thermal energy storage applications. The optimization should cover the key parameters, particularly nanoparticle type, size, loading and shape which depends on the sort of application and also dispersion technology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22945571','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22945571"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: a challenge for toxicological risk assessment?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haase, Andrea; Tentschert, Jutta; Luch, Andreas</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has emerged as one of the central technologies in the twenty-first century. This judgment becomes apparent by considering the increasing numbers of people employed in this area; the numbers of patents, of scientific publications, of products on the market; and the amounts of money invested in R&D. Prospects originating from different fields of nanoapplication seem unlimited. However, nanotechnology certainly will not be able to meet all of the ambitious expectations communicated, yet has high potential to heavily affect our daily life in the years to come. This might occur in particular in the field of consumer products, for example, by introducing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics, textiles, or food contact materials. Another promising area is the application of nanotechnology in medicine fueling hopes to significantly improve diagnosis and treatment of all kinds of diseases. In addition, novel technologies applying <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are expected to be instrumental in waste remediation and in the production of efficient energy storage devices and thus may help to overcome world's energy problems or to revolutionize computer and data storage technologies. In this chapter, we will focus on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. After a brief historic and general overview, current proposals of how to define <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be summarized. Due to general limitations, there is still no single, internationally accepted definition of the term "<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>." After elaborating on the status quo and the scope of nanoanalytics and its shortcomings, the current thinking about possible hazards resulting from nanoparticulate exposures, there will be an emphasis on the requirements to be fulfilled for appropriate health risk assessment and regulation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. With regard to reliable risk assessments, until now there is still the remaining issue to be resolved of whether or not specific challenges and unique features exist on the nanoscale that have to be tackled and distinctively</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389615','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389615"><span>[<span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics--present situation and future].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Masunaga, Takuji</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Cosmetics are consumer products intended to contribute to increasing quality of life and designed for long-term daily use. Due to such features of cosmetics, they are required to ensure quality and safety at a high level, as well as to perform well, in response to consumers' demands. Recently, the technology associated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has progressed rapidly and has been applied to various products, including cosmetics. For example, nano-sized titanium dioxide has been formulated in sunscreen products in pursuit of improving its performance. As some researchers and media have expressed concerns about the safety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, a vague feeling of anxiety has been raised in society. In response to this concern, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has begun original research related to the safety assurance of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> formulated in cosmetics, to allow consumers to use cosmetics without such concerns. This paper describes the activities of the JCIA regarding safety research on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including a survey of the actual usage of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics, analysis of the existence of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the skin, and assessment of skin carcinogenicity of nano-sized titanium dioxide. It also describes the international status of safety assurance and regulation regarding <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5848992','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5848992"><span>Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>/Allotropes: A Glimpse of Their Synthesis, Properties and Some Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zainal, Zulkarnain; Yusof, Nor Azah</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Carbon in its single entity and various forms has been used in technology and human life for many centuries. Since prehistoric times, carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials such as graphite, charcoal and carbon black have been used as writing and drawing materials. In the past two and a half decades or so, conjugated carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, especially carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, activated carbon and graphite have been used as energy materials due to their exclusive properties. Due to their outstanding chemical, mechanical, electrical and thermal properties, carbon nanostructures have recently found application in many diverse areas; including drug delivery, electronics, composite materials, sensors, field emission devices, energy storage and conversion, etc. Following the global energy outlook, it is forecasted that the world energy demand will double by 2050. This calls for a new and efficient means to double the energy supply in order to meet the challenges that forge ahead. Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are believed to be appropriate and promising (when used as energy materials) to cushion the threat. Consequently, the amazing properties of these materials and greatest potentials towards greener and environment friendly synthesis methods and industrial scale production of carbon nanostructured materials is undoubtedly necessary and can therefore be glimpsed as the focal point of many researchers in science and technology in the 21st century. This is <span class="hlt">based</span> on the incredible future that lies ahead with these smart carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials. This review is determined to give a synopsis of new advances towards their synthesis, properties, and some applications as reported in the existing literatures. PMID:29438327</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079368','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26079368"><span>An integrated science-<span class="hlt">based</span> methodology to assess potential risks and implications of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tolaymat, Thabet; El Badawy, Amro; Sequeira, Reynold; Genaidy, Ash</p> <p>2015-11-15</p> <p>There is an urgent need for broad and integrated studies that address the risks of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) along the different endpoints of the society, environment, and economy (SEE) complex adaptive system. This article presents an integrated science-<span class="hlt">based</span> methodology to assess the potential risks of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. To achieve the study objective, two major tasks are accomplished, knowledge synthesis and algorithmic computational methodology. The knowledge synthesis task is designed to capture "what is known" and to outline the gaps in knowledge from ENMs risk perspective. The algorithmic computational methodology is geared toward the provision of decisions and an understanding of the risks of ENMs along different endpoints for the constituents of the SEE complex adaptive system. The approach presented herein allows for addressing the formidable task of assessing the implications and risks of exposure to ENMs, with the long term goal to build a decision-support system to guide key stakeholders in the SEE system towards building sustainable ENMs and nano-enabled products. Published by Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/51010','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/51010"><span>Mechanical properties of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> studied by contact resonance atomic force microscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Ryan Wagner; Robert J. Moon; Arvind Raman</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Quantification of the mechanical properties of cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is key to the development of new cellulose <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> products. Using contact resonance atomic force microscopy we measured and mapped the transverse elastic modulus of three types of cellulosic nanoparticles: tunicate cellulose nanocrystals, wood cellulose nanocrystals, and wood cellulose...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21742483','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21742483"><span>Biotechnological synthesis of functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lloyd, Jonathan R; Byrne, James M; Coker, Victoria S</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Biological systems, especially those using microorganisms, have the potential to offer cheap, scalable and highly tunable green synthetic routes for the production of the latest generation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Recent advances in the biotechnological synthesis of functional nano-scale materials are described. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> range from catalysts to novel inorganic antimicrobials, nanomagnets, remediation agents and quantum dots for electronic and optical devices. Where possible, the roles of key biological macromolecules in controlling production of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are highlighted, and also technological limitations that must be addressed for widespread implementation are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29265140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29265140"><span>Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides: versatile biomolecules for generating functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pu, Fang; Ren, Jinsong; Qu, Xiaogang</p> <p>2018-02-21</p> <p>The incorporation of biomolecules into <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> generates functional nanosystems with novel and advanced properties, presenting great potential for applications in various fields. Nucleobases, nucleosides and nucleotides, as building blocks of nucleic acids and biological coenzymes, constitute necessary components of the foundation of life. In recent years, as versatile biomolecules for the construction or regulation of functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, they have stimulated interest in researchers, due to their unique properties such as structural diversity, multiplex binding sites, self-assembly ability, stability, biocompatibility, and chirality. In this review, strategies for the synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the regulation of their morphologies and functions using nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides as building blocks, templates or modulators are summarized alongside selected applications. The diverse applications range from sensing, bioimaging, and drug delivery to mimicking light-harvesting antenna, the construction of logic gates, and beyond. Furthermore, some perspectives and challenges in this emerging field are proposed. This review is directed toward the broader scientific community interested in biomolecule-<span class="hlt">based</span> functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26262476','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26262476"><span>Emerging Carbon and Post-Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Inks for Printed Electronics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Secor, Ethan B; Hersam, Mark C</p> <p>2015-02-19</p> <p>Carbon and post-carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> present desirable electrical, optical, chemical, and mechanical attributes for printed electronics, offering low-cost, large-area functionality on flexible substrates. In this Perspective, recent developments in carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> inks are highlighted. Monodisperse semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes compatible with inkjet and aerosol jet printing are ideal channels for thin-film transistors, while inkjet, gravure, and screen-printable graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> inks are better-suited for electrodes and interconnects. Despite the high performance achieved in prototype devices, additional effort is required to address materials integration issues encountered in more complex systems. In this regard, post-carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> inks (e.g., electrically insulating boron nitride and optically active transition-metal dichalcogenides) present promising opportunities. Finally, emerging work to extend these <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> inks to three-dimensional printing provides a path toward nonplanar devices. Overall, the superlative properties of these materials, coupled with versatile assembly by printing techniques, offer a powerful platform for next-generation printed electronics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..317B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..317B"><span>Environmental Risk Assessment of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bayramov, A. A.</p> <p></p> <p>In this paper, various aspects of modern nanotechnologies and, as a result, risks of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> impact on an environment are considered. This very brief review of the First International Conference on Material and Information Sciences in High Technologies (2007, Baku, Azerbaijan) is given. The conference presented many reports that were devoted to nanotechnology in biology and business for the developing World, formation of charged nanoparticles for creation of functional nanostructures, nanoprocessing of carbon nanotubes, magnetic and optical properties of manganese-phosphorus nanowires, ultra-nanocrystalline diamond films, and nanophotonics communications in Azerbaijan. The mathematical methods of simulation of the group, individual and social risks are considered for the purpose of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> risk reduction and remediation. Lastly, we have conducted studies at a plant of polymeric materials (and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>), located near Baku. Assessments have been conducted on the individual risk of person affection and constructed the map of equal isolines and zones of individual risk for a plant of polymeric materials (and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256032','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1256032"><span>Multi-metal oxide ceramic <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>O'Brien, Stephen; Liu, Shuangyi; Huang, Limin</p> <p>2016-06-07</p> <p>A convenient and versatile method for preparing complex metal oxides is disclosed. The method uses a low temperature, environmentally friendly gel-collection method to form a single phase <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. In one embodiment, the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> consists of Ba.sub.AMn.sub.BTi.sub.CO.sub.D in a controlled stoichiometry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696094','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28696094"><span>High-Rate Assembly of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> on Insulating Surfaces Using Electro-Fluidic Directed Assembly.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yilmaz, Cihan; Sirman, Asli; Halder, Aditi; Busnaina, Ahmed</p> <p>2017-08-22</p> <p>Conductive or semiconducting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> applications such as electronics and sensors often require direct placement of such <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on insulating surfaces. Most fluidic-<span class="hlt">based</span> directed assembly techniques on insulating surfaces utilize capillary force and evaporation but are diffusion limited and slow. Electrophoretic-<span class="hlt">based</span> assembly, on the other hand, is fast but can only be utilized for assembly on a conductive surface. Here, we present a directed assembly technique that enables rapid assembly of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on insulating surfaces. The approach leverages and combines fluidic and electrophoretic assembly by applying the electric field through an insulating surface via a conductive film underneath. The approach (called electro-fluidic) yields an assembly process that is 2 orders of magnitude faster compared to fluidic assembly. By understanding the forces on the assembly process, we have demonstrated the controlled assembly of various types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are conducting, semiconducting, and insulating including nanoparticles and single-walled carbon nanotubes on insulating rigid and flexible substrates. The presented approach shows great promise for making practical devices in miniaturized sensors and flexible electronics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApSS..302...92C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApSS..302...92C"><span>MAPLE deposition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Caricato, A. P.; Arima, V.; Catalano, M.; Cesaria, M.; Cozzoli, P. D.; Martino, M.; Taurino, A.; Rella, R.; Scarfiello, R.; Tunno, T.; Zacheo, A.</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) has been recently exploited for depositing films of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by combining the advantages of colloidal inorganic nanoparticles and laser-<span class="hlt">based</span> techniques. MAPLE-deposition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> meeting applicative purposes demands their peculiar properties to be taken into account while planning depositions to guarantee a congruent transfer (in terms of crystal structure and geometric features) and explain the deposition outcome. In particular, since nanofluids can enhance thermal conductivity with respect to conventional fluids, laser-induced heating can induce different ablation thermal regimes as compared to the MAPLE-treatment of soft materials. Moreover, nanoparticles exhibit lower melting temperatures and can experience pre-melting phenomena as compared to their bulk counterparts, which could easily induce shape and or crystal phase modification of the material to be deposited even at very low fluences. In this complex scenario, this review paper focuses on examples of MAPLE-depositions of size and shape controlled nanoparticles for different applications highlights advantages and challenges of the MAPLE-technique. The influence of the deposition parameters on the physical mechanisms which govern the deposition process is discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26887668"><span>The applicability of chemical alternatives assessment for engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hjorth, Rune; Hansen, Steffen Foss; Jacobs, Molly; Tickner, Joel; Ellenbecker, Michael; Baun, Anders</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The use of alternatives assessment to substitute hazardous chemicals with inherently safer options is gaining momentum worldwide as a legislative and corporate strategy to minimize consumer, occupational, and environmental risks. Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> represent an interesting case for alternatives assessment approaches, because they can be considered both emerging "chemicals" of concern, as well as potentially safer alternatives to hazardous chemicals. However, comparing the hazards of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to traditional chemicals or to other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is challenging, and critical elements in chemical hazard and exposure assessment may have to be fundamentally altered to sufficiently address <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The aim of this paper is to assess the overall applicability of alternatives assessment methods for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and to outline recommendations to enhance their use in this context. The present paper focuses on the adaptability of existing hazard and exposure assessment approaches to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as well as strategies to design inherently safer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We argue that alternatives assessment for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is complicated by the sheer number of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> possible. As a result, the inclusion of new data tools that can efficiently and effectively evaluate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as substitutes is needed to strengthen the alternatives assessment process. However, we conclude that with additional tools to enhance traditional hazard and exposure assessment modules of alternatives assessment, such as the use of mechanistic toxicity screens and control banding tools, alternatives assessment can be adapted to evaluate engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as potential substitutes for chemicals of concern and to ensure safer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are incorporated in the design of new products. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:177-187. © 2016 SETAC. © 2016 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......197K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......197K"><span>Decontamination of Surfaces Exposed to Carbonbased Nanotubes and <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Karimi, Zahra</p> <p></p> <p>Contamination of surfaces by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can happen due to accidental spillage and release or gradual accumulation during processing or handling. Considering the increasingly wide use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in industry and research labs and also taking into account the diversity of physical and chemical properties of different <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (such as solubility, aggregation/agglomeration, and surface reactivity), there is a pressing need to define reliable <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-specific decontamination guidelines. In this project, we propose and investigate a potential method for surface decontamination of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using solvent cleaning and wipes. The results show that the surfactant-assisted removal efficiencies of multi-walled carbon nanotubes, single walled carbon nantubes and single walled carbon nano-horns from silicon wafers through wiping is greater than 95%, 90% and 78%, respectively. The need for further studies to understand the mechanisms of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> removal from surfaces and development of standard techniques for surface decontamination of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is highlighted. Another phase of experiments were performed to examine the efficiency of surfactants to remove multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) from silicon substrates with nano and microscaled features. In the first set of experiments, nanoscale features were induced on silicon wafers using SF6 and O2 plasma. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to observe the surface topology and roughness. In the second set, well-defined microscale topological features were induced on silicon wafers using photo lithography and plasma etching. The etching time was varied to create semi-ellipsoidal pits with average diameter and height of ~ 7-9 microm, and ~ 1-3 microm, respectively. MWCNTs in the form of liquid solution were deposited on the surface of silicon wafers using the spin coating process. For the cleaning process, the contaminated surfaces were first sprayed with different types of surfactant</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777018','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28777018"><span>Current Progress of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Molecularly Imprinted Electrochemical Sensing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhong, Chunju; Yang, Bin; Jiang, Xinxin; Li, Jianping</p> <p>2018-01-02</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have received much attention during the past decade because of their excellent optical, electronic, and catalytic properties. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> possess high chemical reactivity, also high surface energy. Thus, provide a stable immobilization platform for biomolecules, while preserving their reactivity. Due to the conductive and catalytic properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can also enhance the sensitivity of molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensors by amplifying the electrode surface, increasing the electron transfer, and catalyzing the electrochemical reactions. Molecularly imprinted polymers that contain specific molecular recognition sites can be designed for a particular target analyte. Incorporating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into molecularly imprinted polymers is important because <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can improve the response signal, increase the sensitivity, and decrease the detection limit of the sensors. This study describes the classification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in molecularly imprinted polymers, their analytical properties, and their applications in the electrochemical sensors. The progress of the research on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in molecularly imprinted polymers and the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in molecularly imprinted polymers is also reviewed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=230850&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=battery&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=230850&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=battery&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Elicit Cellular Stress Responses</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being developed continuously and incorporated into consumer products, resulting in increased human exposures. The study of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has focused largely on toxicity endpoints without further investigating potential mechanisms or pathway...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614862','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29614862"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> interactions with biomembranes: Bridging the gap between soft matter models and biological context.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Werner, Marco; Auth, Thorsten; Beales, Paul A; Fleury, Jean Baptiste; Höök, Fredrik; Kress, Holger; Van Lehn, Reid C; Müller, Marcus; Petrov, Eugene P; Sarkisov, Lev; Sommer, Jens-Uwe; Baulin, Vladimir A</p> <p>2018-04-03</p> <p>Synthetic polymers, nanoparticles, and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials have great potential in applications including drug delivery, gene transfection, in vitro and in vivo imaging, and the alteration of biological function. Nature and humans use different design strategies to create <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: biological objects have emerged from billions of years of evolution and from adaptation to their environment resulting in high levels of structural complexity; in contrast, synthetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> result from minimalistic but controlled design options limited by the authors' current understanding of the biological world. This conceptual mismatch makes it challenging to create synthetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that possess desired functions in biological media. In many biologically relevant applications, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> must enter the cell interior to perform their functions. An essential transport barrier is the cell-protecting plasma membrane and hence the understanding of its interaction with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is a fundamental task in biotechnology. The authors present open questions in the field of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interactions with biological membranes, including: how physical mechanisms and molecular forces acting at the nanoscale restrict or inspire design options; which levels of complexity to include next in computational and experimental models to describe how <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> cross barriers via passive or active processes; and how the biological media and protein corona interfere with <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> functionality. In this Perspective, the authors address these questions with the aim of offering guidelines for the development of next-generation <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that function in biological media.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25910580','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25910580"><span>Theranostic applications of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cancer: Focus on imaging and cargo delivery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Daiqin; Dougherty, Casey A; Zhu, Kaicheng; Hong, Hao</p> <p>2015-07-28</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted significant attention over the past decades due to their unique physical properties, versatile functionalization chemistry, and biological compatibility. In this review, we will summarize the current state-of-the-art applications of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cancer imaging and drug delivery/therapy. The carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be categorized into fullerenes, nanotubes, nanohorns, nanodiamonds, nanodots and graphene derivatives <span class="hlt">based</span> on their morphologies. The chemical conjugation/functionalization strategies of each category will be introduced before focusing on their applications in cancer imaging (fluorescence/bioluminescence, magnetic resonance (MR), positron emission tomography (PET), single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), photoacoustic, Raman imaging, etc.) and cargo (chemo/gene/therapy) delivery. The advantages and limitations of each category and the potential clinical utilization of these carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will be discussed. Multifunctional carbon nanoplatforms have the potential to serve as optimal candidates for image-guided delivery vectors for cancer. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4665544','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4665544"><span>Trends in <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Non-Invasive Diabetes Sensing Technologies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Makaram, Prashanth; Owens, Dawn; Aceros, Juan</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Blood glucose monitoring is considered the gold standard for diabetes diagnostics and self-monitoring. However, the underlying process is invasive and highly uncomfortable for patients. Furthermore, the process must be completed several times a day to successfully manage the disease, which greatly contributes to the massive need for non-invasive monitoring options. Human serums, such as saliva, sweat, breath, urine and tears, contain traces of glucose and are easily accessible. Therefore, they allow minimal to non-invasive glucose monitoring, making them attractive alternatives to blood measurements. Numerous developments regarding noninvasive glucose detection techniques have taken place over the years, but recently, they have gained recognition as viable alternatives, due to the advent of nanotechnology-<span class="hlt">based</span> sensors. Such sensors are optimal for testing the amount of glucose in serums other than blood thanks to their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity ranges, in addition to their size and compatibility with electronic circuitry. These nanotechnology approaches are rapidly evolving, and new techniques are constantly emerging. Hence, this manuscript aims to review current and future <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> technologies utilizing saliva, sweat, breath and tears as a diagnostic medium for diabetes monitoring. PMID:26852676</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26852676','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26852676"><span>Trends in <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Non-Invasive Diabetes Sensing Technologies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Makaram, Prashanth; Owens, Dawn; Aceros, Juan</p> <p>2014-04-21</p> <p>Blood glucose monitoring is considered the gold standard for diabetes diagnostics and self-monitoring. However, the underlying process is invasive and highly uncomfortable for patients. Furthermore, the process must be completed several times a day to successfully manage the disease, which greatly contributes to the massive need for non-invasive monitoring options. Human serums, such as saliva, sweat, breath, urine and tears, contain traces of glucose and are easily accessible. Therefore, they allow minimal to non-invasive glucose monitoring, making them attractive alternatives to blood measurements. Numerous developments regarding noninvasive glucose detection techniques have taken place over the years, but recently, they have gained recognition as viable alternatives, due to the advent of nanotechnology-<span class="hlt">based</span> sensors. Such sensors are optimal for testing the amount of glucose in serums other than blood thanks to their enhanced sensitivity and selectivity ranges, in addition to their size and compatibility with electronic circuitry. These nanotechnology approaches are rapidly evolving, and new techniques are constantly emerging. Hence, this manuscript aims to review current and future <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> technologies utilizing saliva, sweat, breath and tears as a diagnostic medium for diabetes monitoring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4066909','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4066909"><span>Functional DNA-Containing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Cellular Applications in Biosensing, Imaging, and Targeted Therapy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p> single-stranded DNA. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can be designed and synthesized in needed sizes and shapes, and they possess unique chemical and physical properties, which make them useful as DNA carriers or assistants, excellent signal reporters, transducers, and amplifiers. When <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are combined with functional DNAs to create novel assay platforms, highly sensitive biosensing and high-resolution imaging result. For example, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxides can quench fluorescence efficiently to achieve low background and effectively increase the signal-to-background ratio. Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles themselves can be colorimetric reporters because of their different optical absorptions between monodispersion and aggregation. DNA self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> contain several properties of both DNA and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Compared with DNA–<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> complexes, DNA self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> more closely resemble living beings, and therefore they have lower cytotoxicity at high concentrations. Functional DNA self-assemblies also have high density of DNA for multivalent reaction and three-dimensional nanostructures for cell uptake. Now and in the future, we envision the use of DNA <span class="hlt">bases</span> in making designer molecules for many challenging applications confronting chemists. With the further development of artificial DNA <span class="hlt">bases</span> using smart organic synthesis, DNA macromolecules <span class="hlt">based</span> on elegant molecular assembly approaches are expected to achieve great diversity, additional versatility, and advanced functions. PMID:24780000</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780000','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24780000"><span>Functional DNA-containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: cellular applications in biosensing, imaging, and targeted therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liang, Hao; Zhang, Xiao-Bing; Lv, Yifan; Gong, Liang; Wang, Ruowen; Zhu, Xiaoyan; Yang, Ronghua; Tan, Weihong</p> <p>2014-06-17</p> <p>-stranded DNA. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can be designed and synthesized in needed sizes and shapes, and they possess unique chemical and physical properties, which make them useful as DNA carriers or assistants, excellent signal reporters, transducers, and amplifiers. When <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are combined with functional DNAs to create novel assay platforms, highly sensitive biosensing and high-resolution imaging result. For example, gold nanoparticles and graphene oxides can quench fluorescence efficiently to achieve low background and effectively increase the signal-to-background ratio. Meanwhile, gold nanoparticles themselves can be colorimetric reporters because of their different optical absorptions between monodispersion and aggregation. DNA self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> contain several properties of both DNA and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Compared with DNA-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> complexes, DNA self-assembled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> more closely resemble living beings, and therefore they have lower cytotoxicity at high concentrations. Functional DNA self-assemblies also have high density of DNA for multivalent reaction and three-dimensional nanostructures for cell uptake. Now and in the future, we envision the use of DNA <span class="hlt">bases</span> in making designer molecules for many challenging applications confronting chemists. With the further development of artificial DNA <span class="hlt">bases</span> using smart organic synthesis, DNA macromolecules <span class="hlt">based</span> on elegant molecular assembly approaches are expected to achieve great diversity, additional versatility, and advanced functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatRM...217059L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatRM...217059L"><span>Strain-controlled electrocatalysis on multimetallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Luo, Mingchuan; Guo, Shaojun</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>Electrocatalysis is crucial for the development of clean and renewable energy technologies, which may reduce our reliance on fossil fuels. Multimetallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> serve as state-of-the-art electrocatalysts as a consequence of their unique physico-chemical properties. One method of enhancing the electrocatalytic performance of multimetallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is to tune or control the surface strain of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and tremendous progress has been made in this area in the past decade. In this Review, we summarize advances in the introduction, tuning and quantification of strain in multimetallic nanocrystals to achieve more efficient energy conversion by electrocatalysis. First, we introduce the concept of strain and its correlation with other key physico-chemical properties. Then, using the electrocatalytic reduction of oxygen as a model reaction, we discuss the underlying mechanisms behind the strain-adsorption-reactivity relationship <span class="hlt">based</span> on combined classical theories and models. We describe how this knowledge can be harnessed to design multimetallic nanocrystals with optimized strain to increase the efficiency of oxygen reduction. In particular, we highlight the unexpectedly beneficial (and previously overlooked) role of tensile strain from multimetallic nanocrystals in improving electrocatalysis. We conclude by outlining the challenges and offering our perspectives on the research directions in this burgeoning field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT.......191A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT.......191A"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-based</span> Electrochemical Sensors for the Detection of Glucose and Cholesterol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ahmadalinezhad, Asieh</p> <p></p> <p>Electrochemical detection methods are highly attractive for the monitoring of glucose, cholesterol, cancer, infectious diseases, and biological warfare agents due to their low cost, high sensitivity, functionality despite sample turbidity, easy miniaturization via microfabrication, low power requirements, and a relatively simple control infrastructure. The development of implantable biosensors is laden with great challenges, which include longevity and inherent biocompatibility, coupled with the continuous monitoring of analytes. Deficiencies in any of these areas will necessitate their surgical replacement. In addition, random signals arising from non-specific adsorption events can cause problems in diagnostic assays. Hence, a great deal of effort has been devoted to the specific control of surface structures. Nanotechnology involves the creation and design of structures with at least one dimension that is below 100 nm. The optical, magnetic, and electrical properties of nanostructures may be manipulated by altering their size, shape, and composition. These attributes may facilitate improvements in biocompatibility, sensitivity and the specific attachment of biomaterials. Thus, the central theme of this dissertation pertains to highlighting the critical roles that are played by the morphology and intrinsic properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> when they are applied in the development of electrochemical biosensors. For this PhD project, we initially designed and fabricated a novel amperometric glucose biosensor <span class="hlt">based</span> on the immobilization of glucose oxidase (GOx) on a Prussian blue modified nanoporous gold surface, which exhibited a rapid response and a low detection limit of 2.5 microM glucose. The sensitivity of the biosensor was found to be very high (177 microA/mM) and the apparent Michaelis--Menten constant was calculated to be 2.1 mM. Our study has demonstrated that nanoporous gold provides an excellent matrix for enzyme immobilization. To adopt these advanced</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27319209','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27319209"><span>Techniques for Investigating Molecular Toxicology of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yanli; Li, Chenchen; Yao, Chenjie; Ding, Lin; Lei, Zhendong; Wu, Minghong</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has been a rapidly developing field in the past few decades, resulting in the more and more exposure of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to human. The increased applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for industrial, commercial and life purposes, such as fillers, catalysts, semiconductors, paints, cosmetic additives and drug carriers, have caused both obvious and potential impacts on human health and environment. Nanotoxicology is used to study the safety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and has grown at the historic moment. Molecular toxicology is a new subdiscipline to study the interactions and impacts of materials at the molecular level. To better understand the relationship between the molecular toxicology and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, this review summarizes the typical techniques and methods in molecular toxicology which are applied when investigating the toxicology of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and include six categories: namely; genetic mutation detection, gene expression analysis, DNA damage detection, chromosomal aberration analysis, proteomics, and metabolomics. Each category involves several experimental techniques and methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26716190','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26716190"><span>Applications of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Food Packaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bumbudsanpharoke, Nattinee; Choi, Jungwook; Ko, Seonghyuk</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have drawn great interest in recent years due to their extraordinary properties that make them advantageous in food packaging applications. Specifically, nanoparticles can impart significant barrier properties, as well as mechanical, optical, catalytic, and antimicrobial properties into packaging. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and nanoclay account for the majority of the nano-enabled food packaging on the market, while others, such as nano-zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium, share less of the current market. In current food packaging, these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are primarily used to impart antimicrobial function and to improve barrier properties, thereby extending the shelf life and freshness of packaged food. On the other hand, there is growing concern about the migration of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from food contact materials to foodstuffs and its associated potential risks. Indeed, insufficient data about environmental and human safety assessments of migration and exposure of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are hindering their market growth. To overcome this barrier, the public believes that legislation from government agencies is critical. This review provides an overview of the characteristics and functions of major <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are commonly applied to food packaging, including available and near- future products. Migration research, safety issues, and public concerns are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1413460-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1413460-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules"><span>2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Mu, Peng; Zhou, Guangwen; Chen, Chun-Long</p> <p>2017-10-21</p> <p>Two dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted broad interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties with potential applications in electronics, chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmaceutics. Due to the current limitations of traditional 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., graphene and graphene oxide) in tuning surface chemistry and compositions, 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules (e.g., DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids) have recently been developed. They represent an emerging class of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with attractive physical and chemical properties. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and applications of this type of sequence-defined 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also discuss the challenges andmore » opportunities in this new field.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1413460-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1413460-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules"><span>2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mu, Peng; Zhou, Guangwen; Chen, Chun-Long</p> <p></p> <p>Two dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted broad interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties with potential applications in electronics, chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmaceutics. Due to the current limitations of traditional 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., graphene and graphene oxide) in tuning surface chemistry and compositions, 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules (e.g., DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids) have recently been developed. They represent an emerging class of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with attractive physical and chemical properties. Here, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and applications of this type of sequence-defined 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also discuss the challenges andmore » opportunities in this new field.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726944','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23726944"><span>Lab-on-a-chip synthesis of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and quantum dots for biomedical applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Krishna, Katla Sai; Li, Yuehao; Li, Shuning; Kumar, Challa S S R</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>The past two decades have seen a dramatic raise in the number of investigations leading to the development of Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices for synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A majority of these investigations were focused on inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> comprising of metals, metal oxides, nanocomposites and quantum dots. Herein, we provide an analysis of these findings, especially, considering the more recent developments in this new decade. We made an attempt to bring out the differences between chip-<span class="hlt">based</span> as well as tubular continuous flow systems. We also cover, for the first time, various opportunities the tools from the field of computational fluid dynamics provide in designing LOC systems for synthesis inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Particularly, we provide unique examples to demonstrate that there is a need for concerted effort to utilize LOC devices not only for synthesis of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> but also for carrying out superior in vitro studies thereby, paving the way for faster clinical translation. Even though LOC devices with the possibility to carry out multi-step syntheses have been designed, surprisingly, such systems have not been utilized for carrying out simultaneous synthesis and bio-functionalization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. While traditionally, LOC devices are primarily <span class="hlt">based</span> on microfluidic systems, in this review article, we make a case for utilizing millifluidic systems for more efficient synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro studies of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> tailor-made for biomedical applications. Finally, recent advances in the field clearly point out the possibility for pushing the boundaries of current medical practices towards personalized health care with a vision to develop automated LOC-<span class="hlt">based</span> instrumentation for carrying out simultaneous synthesis, bio-functionalization and in vitro evaluation of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29193793','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29193793"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-Enabled Wearable Sensors for Healthcare.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yao, Shanshan; Swetha, Puchakayala; Zhu, Yong</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Highly sensitive wearable sensors that can be conformably attached to human skin or integrated with textiles to monitor the physiological parameters of human body or the surrounding environment have garnered tremendous interest. Owing to the large surface area and outstanding material properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are promising building blocks for wearable sensors. Recent advances in the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enabled wearable sensors including temperature, electrophysiological, strain, tactile, electrochemical, and environmental sensors are presented in this review. Integration of multiple sensors for multimodal sensing and integration with other components into wearable systems are summarized. Representative applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enabled wearable sensors for healthcare, including continuous health monitoring, daily and sports activity tracking, and multifunctional electronic skin are highlighted. Finally, challenges, opportunities, and future perspectives in the field of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enabled wearable sensors are discussed. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026102','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29026102"><span>Fast identification of the conduction-type of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by field emission technique.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Xun; Gan, Haibo; Tian, Yan; Peng, Luxi; Xu, Ningsheng; Chen, Jun; Chen, Huanjun; Deng, Shaozhi; Liang, Shi-Dong; Liu, Fei</p> <p>2017-10-12</p> <p>There are more or less dopants or defects existing in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, so they usually have different conduct-types even for the same substrate. Therefore, fast identification of the conduction-type of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is very essential for their practical application in functional nanodevices. Here we use the field emission (FE) technique to research <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and establish a generalized Schottky-Nordheim (SN) model, in which an important parameter λ (the image potential factor) is first introduced to describe the effective image potential. By regarding λ as the criterion, their energy-band structure can be identified: (a) λ = 1: metal; (b) 0.5 < λ < 1: n-type semiconductor; (c) 0 < λ < 0.5: p-type semiconductor. Moreover, this method can be utilized to qualitatively evaluate the doping-degree for a given semiconductor. We test numerically and experimentally a group of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> emitters and all results agree with our theoretical results very well, which suggests that our method <span class="hlt">based</span> on FE measurements should be an ideal and powerful tool to fast ascertain the conduction-type of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24656358','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24656358"><span>The development and amino acid binding ability of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on azo derivatives: theory and experiment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shang, Xuefang; Du, Jinge; Yang, Wancai; Liu, Yun; Fu, Zhiyuan; Wei, Xiaofang; Yan, Ruifang; Yao, Ningcong; Guo, Yaping; Zhang, Jinlian; Xu, Xiufang</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Two nano-material-containing azo groups have been designed and developed, and the binding ability of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> with various amino acids has been characterized by UV-vis and fluorescence titrations. Results indicated that two <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> showed the strongest binding ability for homocysteine among twenty normal kinds of amino acids (alanine, valine, leucine, isoleucine, methionine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, arginine, glycine, serine, threonine, asparagine, phenylalanine, histidine, tryptophan, proline, lysine, glutamine, tyrosine and homocysteine). The reason for the high sensitivity for homocysteine was that two <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> containing an aldehyde group reacted with SH in homocysteine and afforded very stable thiazolidine derivatives. Theoretical investigation further illustrated the possible binding mode in host-guest interaction and the roles of molecular frontier orbitals in molecular interplay. Thus, the two <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> can be used as optical sensors for the detection of homocysteine. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25889088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25889088"><span>High surface adsorption properties of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are responsible for mortality, swimming inhibition, and biochemical responses in Artemia salina larvae.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mesarič, Tina; Gambardella, Chiara; Milivojević, Tamara; Faimali, Marco; Drobne, Damjana; Falugi, Carla; Makovec, Darko; Jemec, Anita; Sepčić, Kristina</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>We investigated the effects of three different carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on brine shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae. The larvae were exposed to different concentrations of carbon black, graphene oxide, and multiwall carbon nanotubes for 48 h, and observed using phase contrast and scanning electron microscopy. Acute (mortality) and behavioural (swimming speed alteration) responses and cholinesterase, glutathione-S-transferase and catalase enzyme activities were evaluated. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were ingested and concentrated in the gut, and attached onto the body surface of the A. salina larvae. This attachment was responsible for concentration-dependent inhibition of larval swimming, and partly for alterations in the enzyme activities, that differed according to the type of tested <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. No lethal effects were observed up to 0.5mg/mL carbon black and 0.1mg/mL multiwall carbon nanotubes, while graphene oxide showed a threshold whereby it had no effects at 0.6 mg/mL, and more than 90% mortality at 0.7 mg/mL. Risk quotients calculated on the basis of predicted environmental concentrations indicate that carbon black and multiwall carbon nanotubes currently do not pose a serious risk to the marine environment, however if uncontrolled release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> continues, this scenario can rapidly change. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13..112G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NRL....13..112G"><span>Comparative Study of the Electrochemical, Biomedical, and Thermal Properties of Natural and Synthetic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghaemi, Ferial; Abdullah, Luqman Chuah; Kargarzadeh, Hanieh; Abdi, Mahnaz M.; Azli, Nur Farhana Waheeda Mohd; Abbasian, Maryam</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>In this research, natural <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), nanofiber cellulose (NFC), and synthetic nanoparticles such as carbon nanofiber (CNF) and carbon nanotube (CNT) with different structures, sizes, and surface areas were produced and analyzed. The most significant contribution of this study is to evaluate and compare these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on the effects of their structures and morphologies on their electrochemical, biomedical, and thermal properties. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the obtained results, the natural <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with low dimension and surface area have zero cytotoxicity effects on the living cells at 12.5 and 3.125 μg/ml concentrations of NFC and CNC, respectively. Meanwhile, synthetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with the high surface area around 15.3-21.1 m2/g and significant thermal stability (480 °C-600 °C) enhance the output of electrode by creating a higher surface area and decreasing the current flow resistance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JOM....68d1145Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JOM....68d1145Y"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-Enabled Dry Electrodes for Electrophysiological Sensing: A Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yao, Shanshan; Zhu, Yong</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Long-term, continuous, and unsupervised tracking of physiological data is becoming increasingly attractive for health/wellness monitoring and ailment treatment. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have recently attracted extensive attention as building blocks for flexible/stretchable conductors and are thus promising candidates for electrophysiological electrodes. Here we provide a review on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-enabled dry electrodes for electrophysiological sensing, focusing on electrocardiography (ECG). The dry electrodes can be classified into contact surface electrodes, contact-penetrating electrodes, and noncontact capacitive electrodes. Different types of electrodes including their corresponding equivalent electrode-skin interface models and the sources of the noise are first introduced, followed by a review on recent developments of dry ECG electrodes <span class="hlt">based</span> on various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including metallic nanowires, metallic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and graphene. Their fabrication processes and performances in terms of electrode-skin impedance, signal-to-noise ratio, resistance to motion artifacts, skin compatibility, and long-term stability are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29491411','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29491411"><span>Recent progress and perspectives of space electric propulsion systems <span class="hlt">based</span> on smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Levchenko, I; Xu, S; Teel, G; Mariotti, D; Walker, M L R; Keidar, M</p> <p>2018-02-28</p> <p>Drastic miniaturization of electronics and ingression of next-generation <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into space technology have provoked a renaissance in interplanetary flights and near-Earth space exploration using small unmanned satellites and systems. As the next stage, the NASA's 2015 Nanotechnology Roadmap initiative called for new design paradigms that integrate nanotechnology and conceptually new materials to build advanced, deep-space-capable, adaptive spacecraft. This review examines the cutting edge and discusses the opportunities for integration of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into the most advanced types of electric propulsion devices that take advantage of their unique features and boost their efficiency and service life. Finally, we propose a concept of an adaptive thruster.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3559V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014cosp...40E3559V"><span>Potential space applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and standartization issues</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Voronina, Ekaterina; Novikov, Lev</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> surpass traditional materials for space applications in many aspects due to their unique properties associated with nanoscale size of their constituents. This superiority in mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties will evidently inspire a wide range of applications in the next generation spacecraft intended for the long-term (~15-20 years) operation in near-Earth orbits and the automatic and manned interplanetary missions as well as in the construction of inhabited <span class="hlt">bases</span> on the Moon. Nanocomposites with nanoclays, carbon nanotubes and various nanoparticles as fillers are one of the most promising materials for space applications. They may be used as light-weighted and strong structural materials as well as functional and smart materials of general and specific applications, e.g. thermal stabilization, radiation shielding, electrostatic charge mitigation, protection of atomic oxygen influence and space debris impact, etc. Currently, ISO activity on developing standards concerning different issues of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> manufacturing and applications is high enough. In this presentation, a brief review of existing standards and standards under development in this field is given. Most such standards are related to nanoparticles and nanotube production and characterization, thus the next important step in this activity is the creation of standards on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> properties and their behavior in different environmental conditions, including extreme environments. The near-Earth’s space is described as an extreme environment for materials due to high vacuum, space radiation, hot and cold plasma, micrometeoroids and space debris, temperature differences, etc. Existing experimental and theoretical data demonstrate that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> response to various space environment effects may differ substantially from the one of conventional bulk spacecraft materials. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the space environment components, critical for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25088794','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25088794"><span>Soft X-ray spectromicroscopy for speciation, quantitation and nano-eco-toxicology of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lawrence, J R; Swerhone, G D W; Dynes, J J; Korber, D R; Hitchcock, A P</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>There is a critical need for methods that provide simultaneous detection, identification, quantitation and visualization of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> at their interface with biological and environmental systems. The approach should allow speciation as well as elemental analysis. Using the intrinsic X-ray absorption properties, soft X-ray scanning transmission X-ray spectromicroscopy (STXM) allows characterization and imaging of a broad range of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including metals, oxides and organic materials, and at the same time is able to provide detailed mapping of biological components. Thus, STXM offers considerable potential for application to research on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biology and the environment. The potential and limitations of STXM in this context are discussed using a range of examples, focusing on the interaction of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with microbial cells, biofilms and extracellular polymers. The studies outlined include speciation and mapping of metal-containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (Ti, Ni, Cu) and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (multiwalled carbon nanotubes, C60 fullerene). The benefits of X-ray fluorescence detection in soft X-ray STXM are illustrated with a study of low levels of Ni in a natural river biofilm. © 2014 The Authors Journal of Microscopy © 2014 Royal Microscopical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439675-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1439675-nanomaterials-assembled-from-sequence-defined-molecules"><span>2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mu, Peng; Zhou, Guangwen; Chen, Chun-Long</p> <p></p> <p>Two dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have attracted broad interest owing to their unique physical and chemical properties with potential applications in electronics, chemistry, biology, medicine and pharmaceutics. Due to the current limitations of traditional 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (e.g., graphene and graphene oxide) in tuning surface chemistry and compositions, 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> assembled from sequence-defined molecules (e.g., DNAs, proteins, peptides and peptoids) have recently been developed. They represent an emerging class of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with attractive physical and chemical properties. In this mini-review, we summarize the recent progress in the synthesis and applications of this type of sequence-defined 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The challenges and opportunitiesmore » in this new field are also discussed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1432670','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1432670"><span>Porous substrates filled with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Worsley, Marcus A.; Baumann, Theodore F.; Satcher, Jr., Joe H.; Stadermann, Michael</p> <p>2018-04-03</p> <p>A composition comprising: at least one porous carbon monolith, such as a carbon aerogel, comprising internal pores, and at least one <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, such as carbon nanotubes, disposed uniformly throughout the internal pores. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> can be disposed in the middle of the monolith. In addition, a method for making a monolithic solid with both high surface area and good bulk electrical conductivity is provided. A porous substrate having a thickness of 100 microns or more and comprising macropores throughout its thickness is prepared. At least one catalyst is deposited inside the porous substrate. Subsequently, chemical vapor deposition is used to uniformly deposit a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> in the macropores throughout the thickness of the porous substrate. Applications include electrical energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors, and hydrogen storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1150645','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1150645"><span>Porous substrates filled with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Worsley, Marcus A.; Baumann, Theodore F.; Satcher, Jr., Joe H.; Stadermann, Michael</p> <p>2014-08-19</p> <p>A composition comprising: at least one porous carbon monolith, such as a carbon aerogel, comprising internal pores, and at least one <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, such as carbon nanotubes, disposed uniformly throughout the internal pores. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> can be disposed in the middle of the monolith. In addition, a method for making a monolithic solid with both high surface area and good bulk electrical conductivity is provided. A porous substrate having a thickness of 100 microns or more and comprising macropores throughout its thickness is prepared. At least one catalyst is deposited inside the porous substrate. Subsequently, chemical vapor deposition is used to uniformly deposit a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> in the macropores throughout the thickness of the porous substrate. Applications include electrical energy storage, such as batteries and capacitors, and hydrogen storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298882','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23298882"><span>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for solar energy conversion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mlinar, Vladan</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Understanding how to engineer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for targeted solar-cell applications is the key to improving their efficiency and could lead to breakthroughs in their design. Proposed mechanisms for the conversion of solar energy to electricity are those exploiting the particle nature of light in conventional photovoltaic cells, and those using the collective electromagnetic nature, where light is captured by antennas and rectified. In both cases, engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> form the crucial components. Examples include arrays of semiconductor nanostructures as an intermediate band (so called intermediate band solar cells), semiconductor nanocrystals for multiple exciton generation, or, in antenna-rectifier cells, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for effective optical frequency rectification. Here, we discuss the state of the art in p-n junction, intermediate band, multiple exciton generation, and antenna-rectifier solar cells. We provide a summary of how engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been used in these systems and a discussion of the open questions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3059267','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3059267"><span>Cytotoxicity screening of 23 engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using a test matrix of ten cell lines and three different assays</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> display unique properties that may have impact on human health, and thus require a reliable evaluation of their potential toxicity. Here, we performed a standardized in vitro screening of 23 engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We thoroughly characterized the physicochemical properties of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and adapted three classical in vitro toxicity assays to eliminate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interference. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> toxicity was assessed in ten representative cell lines. Results Six <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> induced oxidative cell stress while only a single <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> reduced cellular metabolic activity and none of the particles affected cell viability. Results from heterogeneous and chemically identical particles suggested that surface chemistry, surface coating and chemical composition are likely determinants of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Individual cell lines differed significantly in their response, dependent on the particle type and the toxicity endpoint measured. Conclusion In vitro toxicity of the analyzed engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> cannot be attributed to a defined physicochemical property. Therefore, the accurate identification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> cytotoxicity requires a matrix <span class="hlt">based</span> on a set of sensitive cell lines and in vitro assays measuring different cytotoxicity endpoints. PMID:21345205</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687941-grouping-nanomaterials-predict-potential-induce-pulmonary-inflammation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22687941-grouping-nanomaterials-predict-potential-induce-pulmonary-inflammation"><span>Grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to predict their potential to induce pulmonary inflammation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Braakhuis, Hedwig M., E-mail: hedwig.braakhuis@rivm.nl; Department of Toxicogenomics, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht; Oomen, Agnes G.</p> <p></p> <p>The rapidly expanding manufacturing, production and use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have raised concerns for both worker and consumer safety. Various studies have been published in which induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has been described. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can vary in aspects such as size, shape, charge, crystallinity, chemical composition, and dissolution rate. Currently, efforts are made to increase the knowledge on the characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that can be used to categorise them into hazard groups according to these characteristics. Grouping helps to gather information on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in an efficient way with the aim to aid risk assessment. Here, wemore » discuss different ways of grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for their risk assessment after inhalation. Since the relation between single intrinsic particle characteristics and the severity of pulmonary inflammation is unknown, grouping of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by their intrinsic characteristics alone is not sufficient to predict their risk after inhalation. The biokinetics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> should be taken into account as that affects the dose present at a target site over time. The parameters determining the kinetic behaviour are not the same as the hazard-determining parameters. Furthermore, characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> change in the life-cycle, resulting in human exposure to different forms and doses of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. As information on the biokinetics and in situ characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is essential but often lacking, efforts should be made to include these in testing strategies. Grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will probably be of the most value to risk assessors when information on intrinsic characteristics, life-cycle, biokinetics and effects are all combined. - Highlights: • Grouping of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> helps to gather information in an efficient way with the aim to aid risk assessment. • Different ways of grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for their risk assessment after inhalation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29480081','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29480081"><span>Stability of biogenic metal(loid) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> related to the colloidal stabilization theory of chemical nanostructures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Piacenza, Elena; Presentato, Alessandro; Turner, Raymond J</p> <p>2018-02-25</p> <p>In the last 15 years, the exploitation of biological systems (i.e. plants, bacteria, mycelial fungi, yeasts, and algae) to produce metal(loid) (Me)-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has been evaluated as eco-friendly and a cost-effective alternative to the chemical synthesis processes. Although the biological mechanisms of biogenic Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> (Bio-Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>) production are not yet completely elucidated, a key advantage of such bio-nanostructures over those chemically synthesized is related to their natural thermodynamic stability, with several studies ascribed to the presence of an organic layer surrounding these Bio-Me-nanostructures. Different macromolecules (e.g. proteins, peptides, lipids, DNA, and polysaccharides) or secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids, terpenoids, glycosides, organic acids, and alkaloids) naturally produced by organisms have been indicated as main contributors to the stabilization of Bio-Me-nanostructures. Nevertheless, the chemical-physical mechanisms behind the ability of these molecules in providing stability to Bio-Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are unknown. In this context, transposing the stabilization theory of chemically synthesized Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (Ch-Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>) to biogenic materials can be used towards a better comprehension of macromolecules and secondary metabolites role as stabilizing agents of Bio-Me-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. According to this theory, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are generally featured by high thermodynamic instability in suspension, due to their high surface area and surface energy. This feature leads to the necessity to stabilize chemical nanostructures, even during or directly after their synthesis, through the development of (i) electrostatic, (ii) steric, or (iii) electrosteric interactions occurring between molecules and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in suspension. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on these three mechanisms, this review is focused on parallels between the stabilization of biogenic or chemical <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, suggesting which chemical-physical mechanisms may be</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25899923','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25899923"><span>Graphene, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide and gold as elite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for fabrication of biosensors for healthcare.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumar, Sandeep; Ahlawat, Wandit; Kumar, Rajesh; Dilbaghi, Neeraj</p> <p>2015-08-15</p> <p>Technological advancements worldwide at rapid pace in the area of materials science and nanotechnology have made it possible to synthesize nanoparticles with desirable properties not exhibited by the bulk material. Among variety of available <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, graphene, carbon nanotubes, zinc oxide and gold nanopartilces proved to be elite and offered amazing electrochemical biosensing. This encourages us to write a review which highlights the recent achievements in the construction of genosensor, immunosensor and enzymatic biosensor <span class="hlt">based</span> on the above <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Carbon <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> offers a direct electron transfer between the functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and active site of bioreceptor without involvement of any mediator which not only amplifies the signal but also provide label free sensing. Gold shows affinity towards immunological molecules and is most routinely used for immunological sensing. Zinc oxide can easily immobilize proteins and hence offers a large group of enzyme <span class="hlt">based</span> biosensor. Modification of the working electrode by introduction of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> or combination of two/three of above <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> together and forming a nanocomposite reflected the best results with excellent stability, reproducibility and enhanced sensitivity. Highly attractive electrochemical properties and electrocatalytic activity of these elite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have facilitated achievement of enhanced signal amplification needed for the construction of ultrasensitive electrochemical affinity biosensors for detection of glucose, cholesterol, Escherichia coli, influenza virus, cancer, human papillomavirus, dopamine, glutamic acid, IgG, IgE, uric acid, ascorbic acid, acetlycholine, cortisol, cytosome, sequence specific DNA and amino acids. Recent researches for bedside biosensors are also discussed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..MARL44013R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014APS..MARL44013R"><span>Describing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: A Uniform Description System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rumble, John; Freiman, Steve; Teague, Clayton</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Products involving <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are growing rapidly and nanoparticles also occur naturally. Materials, scientists, engineers, health officials, and regulators have realized they need a common description system. Led by CODATA and VAMAS, a Uniform Description System (UDS) for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is being developed to meet the requirements of a broad range of scientific and technical disciplines and different user communities. The goal of the CODATA/VAMAS effort is the creation of a complete set of descriptors that can be used by all communities, e.g., materials, physics, chemistry, agricultural, medical, etc., interested in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The description system must be relevant to researchers, manufacturers of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, materials selectors, and regulators. The purpose of the UDS for materials on the nanoscale is twofold: Uniqueness and Equivalency. The first step in the development of the UDS has been the creation of a Framework that will be used by the different communities to guide in the selection of descriptors relevant to their needs. This talk is a brief description of the draft of such a Framework, and how the framework will be translated into a robust description system with input from many scientific communities including physics. A contribution from the CODATA/VAMAS Working Group on the Description of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21182693-size-effects-latex-nanomaterials-lung-inflammation-mice','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21182693-size-effects-latex-nanomaterials-lung-inflammation-mice"><span>Size effects of latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on lung inflammation in mice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Inoue, Ken-ichiro; Takano, Hirohisa; Yanagisawa, Rie</p> <p></p> <p>Effects of nano-sized materials (<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>) on sensitive population have not been well elucidated. This study examined the effects of pulmonary exposure to (latex) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on lung inflammation related to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or allergen in mice, especially in terms of their size-dependency. In protocol 1, ICR male mice were divided into 8 experimental groups that intratracheally received a single exposure to vehicle, latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (250 {mu}g/animal) with three sizes (25, 50, and 100 nm), LPS (75 {mu}g/animal), or LPS plus latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In protocol 2, ICR male mice were divided into 8 experimental groups that intratracheally received repeated exposure to vehicle,more » latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (100 {mu}g/animal), allergen (ovalbumin: OVA; 1 {mu}g/animal), or allergen plus latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In protocol 1, latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with all sizes exacerbated lung inflammation elicited by LPS, showing an overall trend of amplified lung expressions of proinflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, LPS plus <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, especially with size less than 50 nm, significantly elevated circulatory levels of fibrinogen, macrophage chemoattractant protein-1, and keratinocyte-derived chemoattractant, and von Willebrand factor as compared with LPS alone. The enhancement tended overall to be greater with the smaller <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> than with the larger ones. In protocol 2, latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with all sizes did not significantly enhance the pathophysiology of allergic asthma, characterized by eosinophilic lung inflammation and Igs production, although latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with less than 50 nm significantly induced/enhanced neutrophilic lung inflammation. These results suggest that latex <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> differentially affect two types of (innate and adaptive immunity-dominant) lung inflammation.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26603513"><span>Grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to predict their potential to induce pulmonary inflammation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Braakhuis, Hedwig M; Oomen, Agnes G; Cassee, Flemming R</p> <p>2016-05-15</p> <p>The rapidly expanding manufacturing, production and use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have raised concerns for both worker and consumer safety. Various studies have been published in which induction of pulmonary inflammation after inhalation exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has been described. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can vary in aspects such as size, shape, charge, crystallinity, chemical composition, and dissolution rate. Currently, efforts are made to increase the knowledge on the characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that can be used to categorise them into hazard groups according to these characteristics. Grouping helps to gather information on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in an efficient way with the aim to aid risk assessment. Here, we discuss different ways of grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for their risk assessment after inhalation. Since the relation between single intrinsic particle characteristics and the severity of pulmonary inflammation is unknown, grouping of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by their intrinsic characteristics alone is not sufficient to predict their risk after inhalation. The biokinetics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> should be taken into account as that affects the dose present at a target site over time. The parameters determining the kinetic behaviour are not the same as the hazard-determining parameters. Furthermore, characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> change in the life-cycle, resulting in human exposure to different forms and doses of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. As information on the biokinetics and in situ characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is essential but often lacking, efforts should be made to include these in testing strategies. Grouping <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will probably be of the most value to risk assessors when information on intrinsic characteristics, life-cycle, biokinetics and effects are all combined. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547661','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25547661"><span>New type of redox nanoprobe: C60-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and its application in electrochemical immunoassay for doping detection.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Jing; Zhuo, Ying; Chai, Ya-Qin; Xiang, Yun; Yuan, Ruo</p> <p>2015-02-03</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were usually exploited as nanocarriers in an electrochemical immunosensor but rarely acted as redox nanoprobes. Herein, our motivation is to adequately utilize the inner redox activity of fullerene (C60) to obtain a new type of redox nanoprobe <span class="hlt">based</span> on a hydrophilic C60 <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. First, C60 nanoparticles (C60NPs) were prepared by phase-transfer method and functionalized with amino-terminated polyamidoamine (PAMAM) to obtain the PAMAM decorated C60NPs (PAMAM-C60NPs) which have better hydrophilicity compared to that of unmodified C60NPs and possesses abundant amine groups for further modification. Following that, gold nanoparticles (nano-Au) were absorbed on the PAMAM-C60NPs surface, and the resultant Au-PAMAM-C60NPs were employed as a new type of redox nanoprobe and nanocarrier to label detection antibodies (Ab2). Doping control has become the biggest problem facing international sport. Erythropoietin (EPO) as a blood doping agent has been a hotspot in doping control. After sandwich-type immunoreaction between EPO (as a model) and Ab2-labeled Au-PAMAM-C60NPs, the resultant immunosensor was further incubated with a drop of tetraoctylammonium bromide (TOAB) which acts as booster to arouse the inner redox activity of Au-PAMAM-C60NPs, thus a pair of reversible redox peaks is observed. As a result, the proposed immunosensor shows a wide linear range and a relatively low detection limit for EPO. This strategy paves a new avenue for exploring the redox nanoprobe <span class="hlt">based</span> on carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the electrochemical biosensor field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..MART34005S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015APS..MART34005S"><span>High Performance and Economic Supercapacitors for Energy Storage <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Samuilov, Vladimir; Farshid, Behzad; Frenkel, Alexander; Sensor CAT at Stony Brook Team</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>We designed and manufactured very inexpensive prototypes of supercapacitors for energy storage <span class="hlt">based</span> on carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> comprised of: reduced graphene oxide (RGOs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as electrodes filled with polymer gel electrolytes. The electrochemical properties of supercapacitors made using these materials were compared and analyzed. A significant tradeoff between the energy density and the power density was determined; RGO electrodes demonstrated the highest energy density, while composite RGO/CNT electrodes showed the highest power density. The thickness of the RGO electrode was varied to determine its effect on the power density of the supercapacitor and results showed that with decreasing electrode thickness power density would increase. The specific capacitances of over 600 F/g were observed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhDT.......155W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002PhDT.......155W"><span>Polymer-mediated formation of polyoxomolybdate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wan, Quan</p> <p></p> <p>A polymer-mediated synthetic pathway to a polyoxomolybdate <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> is investigated in this work. Block copolymers or homopolymers containing poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) are mixed with a MoO2(OH)(OOH) aqueous solution to form a golden gel or viscous solution. As revealed by synchrotron X-ray scattering measurements, electron microscopy, and other characterization techniques, the final dark blue polyoxomolybdate product is a highly ordered simple cubic network similar to certain zeolite structure but with a much larger lattice constant of ˜5.2 nm. The average size of the cube-like single crystals is close to 1 mum. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on its relatively low density (˜2.2 g/cm3), the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> can be highly porous if the amount of the residual polymer can be substantially reduced. The valence of molybdenum is ˜5.7 <span class="hlt">based</span> on cerimetric titration, representing the mixed-valence nature of the polyoxomolybdate structure. The self-assembled structures (if any) of the polymer gel do not have any correlation with the final polyoxomolybdate nanostructure, excluding the possible role of polymers being a structure-directing template. On the other hand, the PEO polymer stabilizes the precursor molybdenum compound through coordination between its ether oxygen atoms and molybdenum atoms, and reduces the molybdenum (VI) precursor compound with its hydroxyl group being a reducing agent. The rare simple cubic ordering necessitates the existence of special affinities among the polyoxomolybdate nanosphere units resulted from the reduction reaction. Our mechanism study shows that the acidified condition is necessary for the synthesis of the mixed-valence polyoxomolybdate clusters, while H2O2 content modulates the rate of the reduction reaction. The polymer degradation is evidenced by the observation of a huge viscosity change, and is likely through a hydrolysis process catalyzed by molybdenum compounds. Cube-like polyoxomolybdate nanocrystals with size of ˜40 nm are obtained by means of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1254574-pursuing-two-dimensional-nanomaterials-flexible-lithium-ion-batteries','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1254574-pursuing-two-dimensional-nanomaterials-flexible-lithium-ion-batteries"><span>Pursuing two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for flexible lithium-ion batteries</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Liu, Bin; Zhang, Ji-Guang; Shen, Guozhen</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Stretchable/flexible electronics provide a foundation for various emerging applications that beyond the scope of conventional wafer/circuit board technologies due to their unique features that can satisfy a broad range of applications such as wearable devices. Stretchable electronic and optoelectronics devices require the bendable/wearable rechargeable Li-ion batteries, thus these devices can operate without limitation of external powers. Various two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are of great interest in flexible energy storage devices, especially Li-ion batteries. This is because 2D materials exhibit much more exposed surface area supplying abundant Li-insertion channels and shortened paths for fast lithium ion diffusion. Here, we will review themore » recent developments on the flexible Li-ion batteries <span class="hlt">based</span> on two dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These researches demonstrated advancements in flexible electronics by incorporating various 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into bendable batteries to achieve high electrochemical performance, excellent mechanical flexibility as well as electrical stability under stretching/bending conditions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28681950','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28681950"><span>Recent applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in capillary electrophoresis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>González-Curbelo, Miguel Ángel; Varela-Martínez, Diana Angélica; Socas-Rodríguez, Bárbara; Hernández-Borges, Javier</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have found an important place in Analytical Chemistry and, in particular, in Separation Science. Among them, metal-organic frameworks, magnetic and non-magnetic nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and graphene, as well as their combinations, are the most important <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been used up to now. Concerning capillary electromigration techniques, these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have also been used as both pseudostationary phases in electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) and as stationary phases in microchip capillary electrophoresis (CE) and capillary electrochromatography (CEC), as a result of their interesting and particular properties. This review article pretends to provide a general and critical revision of the most recent applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in this field (period 2010-2017). © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanos...7.2154G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanos...7.2154G"><span>Genotoxicity of metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: review of recent data and discussion of possible mechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Golbamaki, Nazanin; Rasulev, Bakhtiyor; Cassano, Antonio; Marchese Robinson, Richard L.; Benfenati, Emilio; Leszczynski, Jerzy; Cronin, Mark T. D.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has rapidly entered into human society, revolutionized many areas, including technology, medicine and cosmetics. This progress is due to the many valuable and unique properties that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> possess. In turn, these properties might become an issue of concern when considering potentially uncontrolled release to the environment. The rapid development of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> thus raises questions about their impact on the environment and human health. This review focuses on the potential of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to cause genotoxicity and summarizes recent genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Though the number of genotoxicity studies on metal oxide/silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is still limited, this endpoint has recently received more attention for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and the number of related publications has increased. An analysis of these peer reviewed publications over nearly two decades shows that the test most employed to evaluate the genotoxicity of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is the comet assay, followed by micronucleus, Ames and chromosome aberration tests. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the data studied, we concluded that in the majority of the publications analysed in this review, the metal oxide (or silica) nanoparticles of the same core chemical composition did not show different genotoxicity study calls (i.e. positive or negative) in the same test, although some results are inconsistent and need to be confirmed by additional experiments. Where the results are conflicting, it may be due to the following reasons: (1) variation in size of the nanoparticles; (2) variations in size distribution; (3) various purities of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>; (4) variation in surface areas for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with the same average size; (5) differences in coatings; (6) differences in crystal structures of the same types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>; (7) differences in size of aggregates in solution/media; (8) differences in assays; (9) different concentrations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in assay tests. Indeed, due to the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313137','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26313137"><span>E-DNA sensor of Mycobacterium tuberculosis <span class="hlt">based</span> on electrochemical assembly of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (MWCNTs/PPy/PAMAM).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miodek, Anna; Mejri, Nawel; Gomgnimbou, Michel; Sola, Christophe; Korri-Youssoufi, Hafsa</p> <p>2015-09-15</p> <p>Two-step electrochemical patterning methods have been employed to elaborate composite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> formed with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) coated with polypyrrole (PPy) and redox PAMAM dendrimers. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> has been demonstrated as a molecular transducer for electrochemical DNA detection. The nanocomposite MWCNTs-PPy has been formed by wrapping the PPy film on MWCNTs during electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole on the gold electrode. The MWCNTs-PPy layer was modified with PAMAM dendrimers of fourth generation (PAMAM G4) with covalent bonding by electro-oxidation method. Ferrocenyl groups were then attached to the surface as a redox marker. The electrochemical properties of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> (MWCNTs-PPy-PAMAM-Fc) were studied using both square wave voltammetry and cyclic voltammetry to demonstrate efficient electron transfer. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> shows high performance in the electrochemical detection of DNA hybridization leading to a variation in the electrochemical signal of ferrocene with a detection limit of 0.3 fM. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrates ability for sensing DNA of rpoB gene of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in real PCR samples. Developed biosensor was suitable for detection of sequences with a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) T (TCG/TTG), responsible for resistance of M. tuberculosis to rifampicin drug, and discriminating them from wild-type samples without such mutation. This shows potential of such systems for further application in pathogens diagnostic and therapeutic purpose.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TJSAI..23...36T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008TJSAI..23...36T"><span>Development of a Design Supporting System for <span class="hlt">Nano-Materials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on a Framework for Integrated Knowledge of Functioning-Manufacturing Process</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tarumi, Shinya; Kozaki, Kouji; Kitamura, Yoshinobu; Mizoguchi, Riichiro</p> <p></p> <p>In the recent materials research, much work aims at realization of ``functional materials'' by changing structure and/or manufacturing process with nanotechnology. However, knowledge about the relationship among function, structure and manufacturing process is not well organized. So, material designers have to consider a lot of things at the same time. It would be very helpful for them to support their design process by a computer system. In this article, we discuss a conceptual design supporting system for <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span>. Firstly, we consider a framework for representing functional structures and manufacturing processes of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> with relationships among them. We expand our former framework for representing functional knowledge <span class="hlt">based</span> on our investigation through discussion with experts of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span>. The extended framework has two features: 1) it represents functional structures and manufacturing processes comprehensively, 2) it expresses parameters of function and ways with their dependencies because they are important for material design. Next, we describe a conceptual design support system we developed <span class="hlt">based</span> on the framework with its functionalities. Lastly, we evaluate the utility of our system in terms of functionality for design supports. For this purpose, we tried to represent two real examples of material design. And then we did an evaluation experiment on conceptual design of material using our system with the collaboration of domain experts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168663','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28168663"><span>Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Their Physicochemical Characteristics and How to Measure Them.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Atluri, Rambabu; Jensen, Keld Alstrup</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Numerous types of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) are commercially available and developments move towards producing more advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with tailored properties. Such advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may include chemically doped or modified derivatives with specific surface chemistries; also called higher generation or multiconstituent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. To fully enjoy the benefits of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, appropriate characterisation of ENMs is necessary for many aspects of their production, use, testing and reporting to regulatory bodies. This chapter introduces both structural and textural properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with a focus on demonstrating the information that can be achieved by analysis of primary physicochemical characteristics and how such information is critical to understand or assess the possible toxicity of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Many of characterization methods are very specific to obtain particular characteristics and therefore the most widely used techniques are explained and demonstrated.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......196G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......196G"><span>An Investigation of Carbon-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Efficient Energy Production And Delivery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gangoli, Varun Shenoy</p> <p></p> <p>Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been demonstrated to have different potential applications in the energy industry. However, there are challenges in the realization of these applications. Chirality of single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) defines their electronic properties, and obtaining an ensemble of SWCNTs of the same chirality has been a problem studied for over two decades with no clear solution yet. Other carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as carbon black aggregates, are hydrophobic in nature and potential applications in the oil and gas industry require their dispersal in an aqueous solvent. Another application in the oil and gas industry is enhanced oil recovery (EOR), and here there is a need for an inexpensive, stable, and efficient surfactant compared to currently used industrial solutions. The challenge of producing SWCNTs of the same chirality is studied using two approaches--separation after synthesis of SWCNTs of mixed chiralities, and chemical control over chirality of as-synthesized SWCNTs. Agarose gel-<span class="hlt">based</span> affinity chromatography was used as a means towards highly semiconductor- enriched SWCNTs using a family of nonionic surfactants. UV-vis-NIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to quantify the separation efficiency of the metal- and semiconductor-enriched SWCNTs. This process is an improvement over other chromatography-<span class="hlt">based</span> techniques at the time in that the nonionic surfactants used are less expensive, enable a higher purity of semiconductor SWCNTs (>95%) and decompose fully by simply heating in air thus leaving behind pristine SWCNTs. The second approach was <span class="hlt">based</span> on using catalyst dopants to preferentially synthesize SWCNTs of a particular chirality at the expense of SWCNTs of other chiralities. Heterogeneous catalysis combined with the screw dislocation theory of SWCNT growth provided the background for this work, and both selenium and phosphorus were identified as chemical dopants for iron catalysts</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=330939','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?direntryid=330939"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Retinal Toxicity | Science Inventory | US ...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The neuroretina should be considered as a potential site of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity. Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may reach the retina through three potential routes of exposure including; intra­ vitreal injection of therapeutics; blood-borne delivery in the retinal vasculature and then crossing the blood-retinal barrier; and through the choroidal blood supply, crossing the Bruch's membrane and the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). The blood-retinal barrier is functionally similar to the blood-brain barrier, normally restricting transport of larger sized materials, but particles in the lower <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> size range can be expected to transit. The blood flow to the retinal choroid is, on a tissue mass basis, one of the highest in the body raising the potential for rapid delivery of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to the RPE. In vitro, RPE cells rapidly uptake nano particles, transport and agglomerate them in the perinuclear cytoplasm. In vivo studies have shown that the eye can uptake <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and retain them longer than many other tissues after cessation of exposure. Toxicity from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to the neural retina or the RPE would be expected to follow common mechanisms identified for other tissues including generation of reactive oxygen species, alteration of cellular redox status, altered intracellular signaling, and release of toxic metal ions from soluble metallic particles. The retina and other ocular tissues, however, have potential for additional phototoxic mechanism</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........17L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT........17L"><span>Understanding the biological and environmental implications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lin, Sijie</p> <p></p> <p> quantified by UV-vis spectrophotometry and fitted with the Freundlich isothem. Effects of the adsorption of QDs on the photosynthetic activities of the algae are evaluated using O2 evolution and CO2 depletion assays, and the ecological impact of such adsorption is discussed. To understand the effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the cell membrane, nanoparticles (Au, TiO2, and QDs) of different surface charges and chemical compositions are introduced to HT-29 mammalian cells in Chapter 4. The polarization of the cell membrane is investigated using a FLIPR membrane potential kit. The phase of the cell membrane, in the presence of both positively and negatively charged nanoparticles, are examined using laurden, a lipophilic dye that serves as a molecular reporter on the fluidic or gel phase of the host membrane. To address the effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on biological and ecological systems within the same context, Chapter 5 offers a first parallel comparison between mammalian and plant cell responses to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This study is conducted using a plant cell viability assay, complimented by bright field, fluorescence, and electron microscopy imaging. Discussions of this study are presented <span class="hlt">based</span> on the hydrophobicity and solubility of C60(OH) 20 and of supramolecular complex C70-NOM, hydrophobicity and porous structure of the plant Allium cepa cell wall, and the amphiphilic structure and endocytosis of the plasma cell membrane of both Allium cepa and HT-29 cells. Chapter 6 summarizes and rationalizes results obtained from the entire dissertation research. Future work inspired by this research is presented at the end of the chapter. Specifically, this dissertation is structured to embody the following essential and complementary chapters: (1) Chapter 1: Literature review (2) Chapter 2: Nano-Eco interactions at the whole organism level; (3) Chapter 3: Nano-Eco interactions at the cellular level; (4) Chapter 4: Nano-Bio interactions at the cellular level; (5) Chapter 5: Parallel comparison</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........60Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........60Y"><span>Soft Sensors and Actuators <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yao, Shanshan</p> <p></p> <p>The focus of this research is using novel bottom-up synthesized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and structures to build up devices for wearable sensors and soft actuators. The applications of the wearable sensors towards motion detection and health monitoring are investigated. In addition, flexible heaters for bimorph actuators and stretchable patches made of microgel depots containing drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs) for stretch-triggered wearable drug delivery are studied. Considerable efforts have been made to achieve highly sensitive and wearable sensors that can simultaneously detect multiple stimuli such as stretch, pressure, temperature or touch. Highly stretchable multifunctional sensors that can detect strain (up to 50%), pressure (up to 1 MPa) and finger touch with good sensitivity, fast response time ( 40 ms) and good pressure mapping function were developed. The sensors were demonstrated for several wearable applications including monitoring thumb movements and knee motions, illustrating the potential utilities of such sensors in robotic systems, prosthetics, healthcare and flexible touch panels. In addition to mechanical sensors, a wearable skin hydration sensor made of silver nanowires (AgNWs) in a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) matrix was demonstrated <span class="hlt">based</span> on skin impedance measurement. The hydration sensors were packaged into a flexible wristband for skin hydration monitoring and a chest patch consisting of a strain sensor, three electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes and a skin hydration sensor for multimodal sensing. The wearable wristband and chest patch may be used for low-cost, wireless and continuous sensing of skin hydration and other health parameters. Two representative applications of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for soft actuators were investigated. In the first application on bimorph actuation, low-voltage and extremely flexible electrothermal bimorph actuators were fabricated in a simple, efficient and scalable process. The bimorph actuators were made of flexible Ag</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335345&Lab=NERL&keyword=POLYMER&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=335345&Lab=NERL&keyword=POLYMER&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Roles of Direct and Indirect Light-Induced Transformations of Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Exposures in Aquatic Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have a variety of useful characteristics such as extraordinary electron and heat conducting abilities, optical absorption and mechanical properties, and potential applications in tra...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML...tmp...58C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML...tmp...58C"><span>Recent Developments in 2D <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Chemiresistive-Type Gas Sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Choi, Seon-Jin; Kim, Il-Doo</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are gaining tremendous interests due to the fascinating physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties. Recent advances in 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> synthesis have contributed to optimization of various parameters such as physical dimension and chemical structure for specific applications. In particular, development of high performance gas sensors is gaining vast importance for real-time and on-site environmental monitoring by detection of hazardous chemical species. In this review, we comprehensively report recent achievements of 2D nanostructured materials for chemiresistive-type gas sensors. Firstly, the basic sensing mechanism is described <span class="hlt">based</span> on charge transfer behavior between gas species and 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Secondly, diverse synthesis strategies and characteristic gas sensing properties of 2D nanostructures such as graphene, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), phosphorus, and MXenes are presented. In addition, recent trends in synthesis of 2D heterostructures by integrating two different types of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their gas sensing properties are discussed. Finally, this review provides perspectives and future research directions for gas sensor technology using various 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML....14..221C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EML....14..221C"><span>Recent Developments in 2D <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Chemiresistive-Type Gas Sensors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Choi, Seon-Jin; Kim, Il-Doo</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures are gaining tremendous interests due to the fascinating physical, chemical, electrical, and optical properties. Recent advances in 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> synthesis have contributed to optimization of various parameters such as physical dimension and chemical structure for specific applications. In particular, development of high performance gas sensors is gaining vast importance for real-time and on-site environmental monitoring by detection of hazardous chemical species. In this review, we comprehensively report recent achievements of 2D nanostructured materials for chemiresistive-type gas sensors. Firstly, the basic sensing mechanism is described <span class="hlt">based</span> on charge transfer behavior between gas species and 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Secondly, diverse synthesis strategies and characteristic gas sensing properties of 2D nanostructures such as graphene, metal oxides, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), metal organic frameworks (MOFs), phosphorus, and MXenes are presented. In addition, recent trends in synthesis of 2D heterostructures by integrating two different types of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their gas sensing properties are discussed. Finally, this review provides perspectives and future research directions for gas sensor technology using various 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=235785&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=battery&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=235785&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=battery&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Cellular Stress Responses Elicited by Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being incorporated continuously into consumer products, resulting in increased human exposures. The study of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has focused largely on oxidative stress and inflammation endpoints without further investigation of underlying pathwa...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanot..25N5102E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanot..25N5102E"><span>Chemosensitizing effects of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cancer cells: enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation as underlying mechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Erdmann, Kati; Ringel, Jessica; Hampel, Silke; Rieger, Christiane; Huebner, Doreen; Wirth, Manfred P.; Fuessel, Susanne</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Recent studies have shown that carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as carbon nanofibres (CNFs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can exert antitumor activities themselves and sensitize cancer cells to conventional chemotherapeutics such as carboplatin and cisplatin. In the present study, the chemosensitizing effect of CNFs and CNTs on cancer cells of urological origin was investigated regarding the underlying mechanisms. Prostate cancer (DU-145, PC-3) and bladder cancer (EJ28) cells were treated with carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNFs, CNTs) and chemotherapeutics (carboplatin, cisplatin) alone as well as in combination for 24 h. Forty-eight (EJ28) or 72 h (DU-145, PC-3) after the end of treatment the effects on cellular proliferation, clonogenic survival, cell death rate and cell cycle distribution were evaluated. Depending on the cell line, simultaneous administration of chemotherapeutics and carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> produced an additional inhibition of cellular proliferation and clonogenic survival of up to 77% and 98%, respectively, compared to the inhibitory effects of the chemotherapeutics alone. These strongly enhanced antiproliferative effects were accompanied by an elevated cell death rate, which was predominantly mediated via apoptosis and not by necrosis. The antitumor effects of combinations with CNTs were less pronounced than those with CNFs. The enhanced effects of the combinatory treatments on cellular function were mostly of additive to partly synergistic nature. Furthermore, cell cycle analysis demonstrated an arrest at the G2/M phase mediated by a monotreatment with chemotherapeutics. Following combinatory treatments, mostly less than or nearly additive increases of cell fractions in the G2/M phase could be observed. In conclusion, the pronounced chemosensitizing effects of CNFs and CNTs were mediated by an enhanced apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. The combination of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and conventional chemotherapeutics represents a novel</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802404','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23802404"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in cancer-therapy drug delivery system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Gen; Zeng, Xin; Li, Ping</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can enhance the delivery and treatment efficiency of anti-cancer drugs, and the mechanisms of the tumor-reducing activity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with cancer drug have been investigated. The task for drug to reach pathological areas has facilitated rapid advances in nanomedicine. Herein, we summarize promising findings with respect to cancer therapeutics <span class="hlt">based</span> on nano-drug delivery vectors. Relatively high toxicity of uncoated nanoparticles restricts the use of these materials in humans. In order to reduce toxicity, many approaches have focused on the encapsulation of nanoparticles with biocompatible materials. Efficient delivery systems have been developed that utilized nanoparticles loaded with high dose of cancer drug in the presence of bilayer molecules. Well-established nanotechnologies have been designed for drug delivery with specific bonding. Surface-modified nanoparticles as vehicles for drug delivery system that contains multiple nano-components, each specially designed to achieve aimed task for the emerging application delivery of therapeutics. Drug-coated polymer nanoparticles could efficiently increase the intracellular accumulation of anti-cancer drugs. This review also introduces the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with drug on the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Direct interactions between the particles and cellular molecules to cause adverse biological responses are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812004','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26812004"><span>The potential of protein-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interaction for advanced drug delivery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Qiang; Mu, Huiling</p> <p>2016-03-10</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, like nanoparticles, micelles, nano-sheets, nanotubes and quantum dots, have great potentials in biomedical fields. However, their delivery is highly limited by the formation of protein corona upon interaction with endogenous proteins. This new identity, instead of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> itself, would be the real substance the organs and cells firstly encounter. Consequently, the behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in vivo is uncontrollable and some undesired effects may occur, like rapid clearance from blood stream; risk of capillary blockage; loss of targeting capacity; and potential toxicity. Therefore, protein-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interaction is a great challenge for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> systems and should be inhibited. However, this interaction can also be used to functionalize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by forming a selected protein corona. Unlike other decoration using exogenous molecules, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> functionalized by selected protein corona using endogenous proteins would have greater promise for clinical use. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of protein-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interaction. Importantly, a discussion about how to use such interaction is launched and some possible applications of such interaction for advanced drug delivery are presented. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2060M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2060M"><span>Latest research results on the effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on humans and the environment: DaNa - Knowledge <span class="hlt">Base</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marquardt, C.; Kühnel, D.; Richter, V.; Krug, H. F.; Mathes, B.; Steinbach, C.; Nau, K.</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology is considered one of the key technologies of the 21st century. The success of this fascinating technology is <span class="hlt">based</span> on its versatility. It will bring about fundamental changes of basic research as well as of many sectors of industry and also of daily life from electronics to the health care system. However, consumers often miss reliable and understandable information on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and all aspects of this versatile technology. A huge body of data on the potential hazards of nanoobjects towards human and environmental health already exists, but is either not easily accessible for a broad audience or presented unprocessable for nonexperts. But risk communication is an essential and thus integral component of risk management. For that purpose, the DaNa-Project aims at filling this gap by collecting and evaluating scientific results in an interdisciplinary approach with scientists from different research areas, such as human and environmental toxicology, biology, physics, chemistry, and sociology. Research findings from the field of human and environmental nanotoxicology are being prepared and presented together with material properties and possible applications for interested laymen and stakeholders. For the evaluation of literature a "Literature Criteria Checklist" has been developed as well as a Standard Operation Procedure template (SOP) <span class="hlt">based</span> on careful scientific practice.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..385S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009nrb..book..385S"><span>Methods of Economic Valuation of The Health Risks Associated with <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shalhevet, S.; Haruvy, N.</p> <p></p> <p>The worldwide market for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is growing rapidly, but relatively little is still known about the potential risks associated with these materials. The potential health hazards associated with exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may lead in the future to increased health costs as well as increased economic costs to the companies involved, as has happened in the past in the case of asbestos. Therefore, it is important to make an initial estimate of the potential costs associated with these health hazards, and to prepare ahead with appropriate health insurance for individuals and financial insurance for companies. While several studies have examined the environmental and health hazards of different <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by performing life cycle impact assessments, so far these studies have concentrated on the cost of production, and did not estimate the economic impact of the health hazards. This paper discusses methods of evaluating the economic impact of potential health hazards on the public. The proposed method is <span class="hlt">based</span> on using life cycle impact assessment studies of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to estimate the DALYs (Disability Adjusted Life Years) associated with the increased probability of these health hazards. The economic valuation of DALY's can be carried out <span class="hlt">based</span> on the income lost and the costs of medical treatment. The total expected increase in cost depends on the increase in the statistical probability of each disease.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552443','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552443"><span>In Situ Synthesis of Metal Nanoparticle Embedded Hybrid Soft <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Divya, Kizhmuri P; Miroshnikov, Mikhail; Dutta, Debjit; Vemula, Praveen Kumar; Ajayan, Pulickel M; John, George</p> <p>2016-09-20</p> <p>The allure of integrating the tunable properties of soft <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with the unique optical and electronic properties of metal nanoparticles has led to the development of organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A promising method for the synthesis of such organic-inorganic hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is afforded by the in situ generation of metal nanoparticles within a host organic template. Due to their tunable surface morphology and porosity, soft organic materials such as gels, liquid crystals, and polymers that are derived from various synthetic or natural compounds can act as templates for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles of different shapes and sizes. This method provides stabilization to the metal nanoparticles by the organic soft material and advantageously precludes the use of external reducing or capping agents in many instances. In this Account, we exemplify the green chemistry approach for synthesizing these materials, both in the choice of gelators as soft material frameworks and in the reduction mechanisms that generate the metal nanoparticles. Established herein is the core design principle centered on conceiving multifaceted amphiphilic soft materials that possess the ability to self-assemble and reduce metal ions into nanoparticles. Furthermore, these soft materials stabilize the in situ generated metal nanoparticles and retain their self-assembly ability to generate metal nanoparticle embedded homogeneous organic-inorganic hybrid materials. We discuss a remarkable example of vegetable-<span class="hlt">based</span> drying oils as host templates for metal ions, resulting in the synthesis of novel hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The synthesis of metal nanoparticles via polymers and self-assembled materials fabricated via cardanol (a bioorganic monomer derived from cashew nut shell liquid) are also explored in this Account. The organic-inorganic hybrid structures were characterized by several techniques such as UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244158','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25244158"><span>Exploring the possibilities and limitations of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> genome.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qian, Chenxi; Siler, Todd; Ozin, Geoffrey A</p> <p>2015-01-07</p> <p>What are we going to do with the cornucopia of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> appearing in the open and patent literature, every day? Imagine the benefits of an intelligent and convenient means of categorizing, organizing, sifting, sorting, connecting, and utilizing this information in scientifically and technologically innovative ways by building a <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Genome founded upon an all-purpose Periodic Table of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>. In this Concept article, inspired by work on the Human Genome project, which began in 1989 together with motivation from the recent emergence of the Materials Genome project initiated in 2011 and the Nanoinformatics Roadmap 2020 instigated in 2010, we envision the development of a <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Genome (NMG) database with the most advanced data-mining tools that leverage inference engines to help connect and interpret patterns of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> information. It will be equipped with state-of-the-art visualization techniques that rapidly organize and picture, categorize and interrelate the inherited behavior of complex nanomatter from the information programmed in its constituent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> building blocks. A <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Genome Initiative (NMGI) of the type imagined herein has the potential to serve the global nanoscience community with an opportunity to speed up the development continuum of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through the innovation process steps of discovery, structure determination and property optimization, functionality elucidation, system design and integration, certification and manufacturing to deployment in technologies that apply these versatile <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in environmentally responsible ways. The possibilities and limitations of this concept are critically evaluated in this article. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28961368','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28961368"><span>Energy Device Applications of Synthesized 1D Polymer <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Long-Biao; Xu, Wei; Hao, Jianhua</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>1D polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as emerging materials, such as nanowires, nanotubes, and nanopillars, have attracted extensive attention in academia and industry. The distinctive, various, and tunable structures in the nanoscale of 1D polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> present nanointerfaces, high surface-to-volume ratio, and large surface area, which can improve the performance of energy devices. In this review, representative fabrication techniques of 1D polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are summarized, including electrospinning, template-assisted, template-free, and inductively coupled plasma methods. The recent advancements of 1D polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in energy device applications are demonstrated. Lastly, existing challenges and prospects of 1D polymer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for energy device applications are presented. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093252','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25093252"><span>Characterizing adoption of precautionary risk management guidance for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, an emerging occupational hazard.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schubauer-Berigan, Mary K; Dahm, Matthew M; Schulte, Paul A; Hodson, Laura; Geraci, Charles L</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (substances with at least one dimension of 1-100 nm) has been of increased interest, with the recent growth in production and use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> worldwide. Various organizations have recommended methods to minimize exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The purpose of this study was to evaluate available data to examine the extent to which studied U.S. companies (which represent a small fraction of all companies using certain forms of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>) follow the guidelines for reducing occupational exposures to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been issued by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) and other organizations. Survey data, field reports, and field notes for all NIOSH <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure assessments conducted between 2006 and 2011 were collected and reviewed to: (1) determine the level of adoption of precautionary guidance on engineering controls and personal protective equipment (PPE), and (2) evaluate the reliability of companies' self-reported use of engineering controls and PPE. Use of PPE was observed among 89% [95% confidence interval (CI): 76%-96%] of 46 visited companies, and use of containment-<span class="hlt">based</span> engineering controls for at least some processes was observed among 83% (95% CI: 76%-96%). In on-site evaluations, more than 90% of the 16 engineered carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> companies that responded to an industrywide survey were observed to be using engineering controls and PPE as reported or more stringently than reported. Since PPE use was slightly more prevalent than engineering controls, better communication may be necessary to reinforce the importance of the hierarchy of controls. These findings may also be useful in conducting exposure assessment and epidemiologic research among U.S. workers handling <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28044458','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28044458"><span>Application of Bayesian networks for hazard ranking of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to support human health risk assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marvin, Hans J P; Bouzembrak, Yamine; Janssen, Esmée M; van der Zande, Meike; Murphy, Finbarr; Sheehan, Barry; Mullins, Martin; Bouwmeester, Hans</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>In this study, a Bayesian Network (BN) was developed for the prediction of the hazard potential and biological effects with the focus on metal- and metal-oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to support human health risk assessment. The developed BN captures the (inter) relationships between the exposure route, the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> physicochemical properties and the ultimate biological effects in a holistic manner and was <span class="hlt">based</span> on international expert consultation and the scientific literature (e.g., in vitro/in vivo data). The BN was validated with independent data extracted from published studies and the accuracy of the prediction of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> hazard potential was 72% and for the biological effect 71%, respectively. The application of the BN is shown with scenario studies for TiO 2 , SiO 2 , Ag, CeO 2 , ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. It is demonstrated that the BN may be used by different stakeholders at several stages in the risk assessment to predict certain properties of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of which little information is available or to prioritize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for further screening.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188675','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25188675"><span>Dendritic silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (KCC-1) with fibrous pore structure possess high DNA adsorption capacity and effectively deliver genes in vitro.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Xiaoxi; Tao, Zhimin; Praskavich, John C; Goswami, Anandarup; Al-Sharab, Jafar F; Minko, Tamara; Polshettiwar, Vivek; Asefa, Tewodros</p> <p>2014-09-16</p> <p>The pore size and pore structure of nanoporous materials can affect the materials' physical properties, as well as potential applications in different areas, including catalysis, drug delivery, and biomolecular therapeutics. KCC-1, one of the newest members of silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, possesses fibrous, large pore, dendritic pore networks with wide pore entrances, large pore size distribution, spacious pore volume and large surface area--structural features that are conducive for adsorption and release of large guest molecules and biomacromolecules (e.g., proteins and DNAs). Here, we report the results of our comparative studies of adsorption of salmon DNA in a series of KCC-1-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are functionalized with different organoamine groups on different parts of their surfaces (channel walls, external surfaces or both). For comparison the results of our studies of adsorption of salmon DNA in similarly functionalized, MCM-41 mesoporous silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with cylindrical pores, some of the most studied silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for drug/gene delivery, are also included. Our results indicate that, despite their relatively lower specific surface area, the KCC-1-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> show high adsorption capacity for DNA than the corresponding MCM-41-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, most likely because of KCC-1's large pores, wide pore mouths, fibrous pore network, and thereby more accessible and amenable structure for DNA molecules to diffuse through. Conversely, the MCM-41-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> adsorb much less DNA, presumably because their outer surfaces/cylindrical channel pore entrances can get blocked by the DNA molecules, making the inner parts of the materials inaccessible. Moreover, experiments involving fluorescent dye-tagged DNAs suggest that the amine-grafted KCC-1 materials are better suited for delivering the DNAs adsorbed on their surfaces into cellular environments than their MCM-41 counterparts. Finally, cellular toxicity tests show that the KCC-1-<span class="hlt">based</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5311046','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5311046"><span>Allergic Responses Induced by the Immunomodulatory Effects of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> upon Skin Exposure</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yoshioka, Yasuo; Kuroda, Etsushi; Hirai, Toshiro; Tsutsumi, Yasuo; Ishii, Ken J.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Over the past decade, a vast array of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has been created through the development of nanotechnology. With the increasing application of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in various fields, such as foods, cosmetics, and medicines, there has been concern about their safety, that is, nanotoxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to collect information about the biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> so that we can exploit their potential benefits and design safer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, while avoiding nanotoxicity as a result of inhalation or skin exposure. In particular, the immunomodulating effect of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is one of most interesting aspects of nanotoxicity. However, the immunomodulating effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through skin exposure have not been adequately discussed compared with the effects of inhalation exposure, because skin penetration by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is thought to be extremely low under normal conditions. On the other hand, the immunomodulatory effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> via skin may cause severe problems for people with impaired skin barrier function, because some <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> could penetrate the deep layers of their allergic or damaged skin. In addition, some studies, including ours, have shown that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> could exhibit significant immunomodulating effects even if they do not penetrate the skin. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the allergic responses induced by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> upon skin exposure. First, we discuss <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> penetration of the intact or impaired skin barrier. Next, we describe the immunomodulating effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, focusing on the sensitization potential of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the effects of co-exposure of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with substances such as chemical sensitizers or allergens, on the onset of allergy, following skin exposure. Finally, we discuss the potential mechanisms underlying the immunomodulating effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by describing the involvement of the protein corona in the interaction of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=312073&Lab=NERL&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=312073&Lab=NERL&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Investigating the Toxicity and Environmental Fate of Graphene <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The Hersam Laboratory at Northwestern University works with the Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology and the United States Environmental Protection Agency to study the toxicity and environmental fate of emergent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, specifically carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanomate...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293982','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23293982"><span>Modeling approaches for characterizing and evaluating environmental exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in support of risk-<span class="hlt">based</span> decision making.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Lowry, Michael; Grieger, Khara D; Money, Eric S; Johnston, John M; Wiesner, Mark R; Beaulieu, Stephen M</p> <p>2013-02-05</p> <p>As the use of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> becomes more prevalent, the likelihood of unintended exposure to these materials also increases. Given the current scarcity of experimental data regarding fate, transport, and bioavailability, determining potential environmental exposure to these materials requires an in depth analysis of modeling techniques that can be used in both the near- and long-term. Here, we provide a critical review of traditional and emerging exposure modeling approaches to highlight the challenges that scientists and decision-makers face when developing environmental exposure and risk assessments for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We find that accounting for nanospecific properties, overcoming data gaps, realizing model limitations, and handling uncertainty are key to developing informative and reliable environmental exposure and risk assessments for engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We find methods suited to recognizing and addressing significant uncertainty to be most appropriate for near-term environmental exposure modeling, given the current state of information and the current insufficiency of established deterministic models to address environmental exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5227554','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5227554"><span>Accelerating the Translation of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Biomedicine</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mitragotri, Samir; Anderson, Daniel G.; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Chow, Edward K.; Ho, Dean; Kabanov, Alexander V.; Karp, Jeffrey M.; Kataoka, Kazunori; Mirkin, Chad A.; Petrosko, Sarah Hurst; Shi, Jinjun; Stevens, Molly M.; Sun, Shouheng; Teoh, Sweehin; Venkatraman, Subbu S.; Xia, Younan; Wang, Shutao; Gu, Zhen; Xu, Chenjie</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Due to their size and tailorable physicochemical properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are an emerging class of structures utilized in biomedical applications. There are now many prominent examples of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> being used to improve human health, in areas ranging from imaging and diagnostics to therapeutics and regenerative medicine. An overview of these examples reveals several common areas of synergy and future challenges. This Nano Focus discusses the current status and future potential of promising <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their translation from the laboratory to the clinic, by highlighting a handful of successful examples. PMID:26115196</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=212511&keyword=perception+AND+risk&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=212511&keyword=perception+AND+risk&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">NANOMATERIALS</span>, NANOTECHNOLOGY: APPLICATIONS, CONSUMER PRODUCTS, AND BENEFITS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Nanotechnology is a platform technology that is finding more and more applications daily. Today over 600 consumer products are available globally that utilize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This chapter explores the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanotechnology in three areas, namely Medicine, Environ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=336505&Lab=NERL&keyword=electronics&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=336505&Lab=NERL&keyword=electronics&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Predicted phototoxicities of carbon <span class="hlt">nano-material</span> by quantum mechanical calculations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The purpose of this research is to develop a predictive model for the phototoxicity potential of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (fullerenols and single-walled carbon nanotubes). This model is <span class="hlt">based</span> on the quantum mechanical (ab initio) calculations on these carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials and compa...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1035642-green-chemical-synthesis-silver-nanomaterials-maltodextrin','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1035642-green-chemical-synthesis-silver-nanomaterials-maltodextrin"><span>Green chemical synthesis of silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with maltodextrin.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Tallant, David Robert; Lu, Ping; Lambert, Timothy N.</p> <p>2010-11-01</p> <p>Silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have significant application resulting from their optical properties related to surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy, high electrical conductivity, and anti-microbial impact. A 'green chemistry' synthetic approach for silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> minimizes the environmental impact of silver synthesis, as well as lowers the toxicity of the reactive agents. Biopolymers have long been used for stabilization of silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during synthesis, and include gum Arabic, heparin, and common starch. Maltodextrin is a processed derivative of starch with lower molecular weight and an increase in the number of reactive reducing aldehyde groups, and serves as a suitable single reactant for the formation ofmore » metallic silver. Silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be formed under either a thermal route at neutral pH in water or by reaction at room temperature under more alkaline conditions. Deposited silver materials are formed on substrates from near neutral pH solutions at low temperatures near 50 C. Experimental conditions <span class="hlt">based</span> on material concentrations, pH and reaction time are investigated for development of deposited films. Deposit morphology and optical properties are characterized using SEM and UV-vis techniques. Silver nanoparticles are generated under alkaline conditions by a dissolution-reduction method from precipitated silver (II) oxide. Synthesis conditions were explored for the rapid development of stable silver nanoparticle dispersions. UV-vis absorption spectra, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques were used to characterize the nanoparticle formation kinetics and the influence of reaction conditions. The adsorbed content of the maltodextrin was characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26743355','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26743355"><span>Micro-<span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Tumor Microwave Hyperthermia: Design, Preparation, and Application.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Xue; Tan, Longfei; Liu, Tianlong; Meng, Xianwei</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Cancer hyperthermia is attracting much attention in basic science and clinics. Among the hyperthermia techniques, microwave (MW) heating is most commonly used for cancer treatment. It offers highly competitive advantages: faster heat generation from microwave radiation, less susceptibility to heat up local tissues, maneuverability, and depth of penetration in tissues and capability of killing tumor cells. Although the encouraging clinical results are being collected, MW hyperthermia has its own challenges, such as inaccurate targeting and low selectivity, which lead to damage to the surrounding vital organs and tissues. To address these issues, this review aims to introduce micronanomaterials as promising agents for receiving the electromagnetic wave, which should be beneficial for improving the efficacy of MW hyperthermia. We have searched many peer-reviewed papers in medical and chemical material databases about micro-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for tumor microwave hyperthermia. Distinguishing features and important progresses are introduced in this review. One hundred and forty papers were chosen and included in this review. Four parts were described, including hyperthermia techniques and the application of micro-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, microwave thermal therapy and treatment principle, microwave absorbing micro-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, the preparation and application of micro-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in microwave thermal therapy. We review the most recent literatures on micro-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> MW heating strategies for cancer treatment, with the aim to give the reader an overview of the state-of-the-art of MW hyperthermia therapy. The future of MW responsive materials will also be discussed, including combination of imaging probes and targeting moieties. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1224506-biological-responses-engineered-nanomaterials-needs-next-decade','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1224506-biological-responses-engineered-nanomaterials-needs-next-decade"><span>Biological responses to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: Needs for the next decade</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Murphy, Catherine J.; Vartanian, Ariane M.; Geiger, Franz M.; ...</p> <p>2015-06-09</p> <p>In this study, the interaction of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biomolecules, cells, and organisms is an enormously vital area of current research, with applications in nanoenabled diagnostics, imaging agents, therapeutics, and contaminant removal technologies. Yet the potential for adverse biological and environmental impacts of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure is considerable and needs to be addressed to ensure sustainable development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In this Outlook four research needs for the next decade are outlined: (i) measurement of the chemical nature of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in dynamic, complex aqueous environments; (ii) real-time measurements of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-biological interactions with chemical specificity; (iii) delineation of molecular modes of action for nanomaterialmore » effects on living systems as functions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> properties; and (iv) an integrated systems approach that includes computation and simulation across orders of magnitude in time and space.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4899452','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4899452"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Interfacing with Neurons: An In vivo Perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Baldrighi, Michele; Trusel, Massimo; Tonini, Raffaella; Giordani, Silvia</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Developing new tools that outperform current state of the art technologies for imaging, drug delivery or electrical sensing in neuronal tissues is one of the great challenges in neurosciences. Investigations into the potential use of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for such applications started about two decades ago. Since then, numerous in vitro studies have examined interactions between these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and neurons, either by evaluating their compatibility, as vectors for drug delivery, or for their potential use in electric activity sensing and manipulation. The results obtained indicate that carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may be suitable for medical therapies. However, a relatively small number of in vivo studies have been carried out to date. In order to facilitate the transformation of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> into practical neurobiomedical applications, it is essential to identify and highlight in the existing literature the strengths and weakness that different carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have displayed when probed in vivo. Unfortunately the current literature is sometimes sparse and confusing. To offer a clearer picture of the in vivo studies on carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the central nervous system, we provide a systematic and critical review. Hereby we identify properties and behavior of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in vivo inside the neural tissues, and we examine key achievements and potentially problematic toxicological issues. PMID:27375413</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNR....12.1971S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JNR....12.1971S"><span>Occupational exposure limits for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: state of the art</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schulte, P. A.; Murashov, V.; Zumwalde, R.; Kuempel, E. D.; Geraci, C. L.</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>Assessing the need for and effectiveness of controlling airborne exposures to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the workplace is difficult in the absence of occupational exposure limits (OELs). At present, there are practically no OELs specific to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that have been adopted or promulgated by authoritative standards and guidance organizations. The vast heterogeneity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> limits the number of specific OELs that are likely to be developed in the near future, but OELs could be developed more expeditiously for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by applying dose-response data generated from animal studies for specific nanoparticles across categories of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with similar properties and modes of action. This article reviews the history, context, and approaches for developing OELs for particles in general and nanoparticles in particular. Examples of approaches for developing OELs for titanium dioxide and carbon nanotubes are presented and interim OELs from various organizations for some <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are discussed. When adequate dose-response data are available in animals or humans, quantitative risk assessment methods can provide estimates of adverse health risk of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in workers and, in conjunction with workplace exposure and control data, provide a basis for determining appropriate exposure limits. In the absence of adequate quantitative data, qualitative approaches to hazard assessment, exposure control, and safe work practices are prudent measures to reduce hazards in workers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257841','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25257841"><span>Granular biodurable <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: No convincing evidence for systemic toxicity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moreno-Horn, Marcus; Gebel, Thomas</p> <p>2014-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are usually defined by primary particle diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nm. The scope of this review is an evaluation of experimental animal studies dealing with the systemic levels and putative systemic effects induced by nanoparticles which can be characterized as being granular biodurable particles without known specific toxicity (GBP). Relevant examples of such materials comprise nanosized titanium dioxide (TiO2) and carbon black. The question was raised whether GBP <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> systemically accumulate and may possess a relevant systemic toxicity. With few exceptions, the 56 publications reviewed were not performed using established standard protocols, for example, OECD guidelines but used non-standard study designs. The studies including kinetic investigations indicated that GBP <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were absorbed and systemically distributed to rather low portions only. There was no valid indication that GPB <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> possess novel toxicological hazard properties. In addition, no convincing evidence for a relevant specific systemic toxicity of GBP <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> could be identified. The minority of the papers reviewed (15/56) investigated both nanosized and microsized GBP materials in parallel. A relevant different translocation of GBP <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in contrast to GBP micromaterials was not observed in these studies. There was no evidence that GPB <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> possess toxicological properties other than their micromaterial counterparts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5420554','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5420554"><span>Endotoxin Contamination in <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Leads to the Misinterpretation of Immunosafety Results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Yang; Fujita, Mayumi; Boraschi, Diana</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Given the presence of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in consumers’ products and their application in nanomedicine, nanosafety assessment is becoming increasingly important. In particular, immunosafety aspects are being actively investigated. In <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> immunosafety testing strategies, it is important to consider that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanoparticles are very easy to become contaminated with endotoxin, which is a widespread contaminant coming from the Gram-negative bacterial cell membrane. Because of the potent inflammatory activity of endotoxin, contaminated <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can show inflammatory/toxic effects due to endotoxin, which may mask or misidentify the real biological effects (or lack thereof) of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Therefore, before running immunosafety assays, either in vitro or in vivo, the presence of endotoxin in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> must be evaluated. This calls for using appropriate assays with proper controls, because many <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> interfere at various levels with the commercially available endotoxin detection methods. This also underlines the need to develop robust and bespoke strategies for endotoxin evaluation in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. PMID:28533772</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5898818','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5898818"><span>Fluorescent <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for the Development of Latent Fingerprints in Forensic Sciences</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Ming; Yu, Aoyang; Zhu, Ye</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This review presents an overview on the application of latent fingerprint development techniques in forensic sciences. At present, traditional developing methods such as powder dusting, cyanoacrylate fuming, chemical method, and small particle reagent method, have all been gradually compromised given their emerging drawbacks such as low contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity, as well as high toxicity. Recently, much attention has been paid to the use of fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including quantum dots (QDs) and rare earth upconversion fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (UCNMs) due to their unique optical and chemical properties. Thus, this review lays emphasis on latent fingerprint development <span class="hlt">based</span> on QDs and UCNMs. Compared to latent fingerprint development by traditional methods, the new methods using fluorescent <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can achieve high contrast, sensitivity, and selectivity while showing reduced toxicity. Overall, this review provides a systematic overview on such methods. PMID:29657570</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953301','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/953301"><span>Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, Sexy New Technology and Potential Hazards</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Beaulieu, R A</p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> enhance exciting new applications that can greatly benefit society in areas of cancer treatments, solar energy, energy storage, and water purification. While nanotechnology shows incredible promise in these and other areas by exploiting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> unique properties, these same properties can potentially cause adverse health effects to workers who may be exposed during work. Dispersed nanoparticles in air can cause adverse health effects to animals not merely due to their chemical properties but due to their size, structure, shape, surface chemistry, solubility, carcinogenicity, reproductive toxicity, mutagenicity, dermal toxicity, and parent material toxicity. Nanoparticles have a greater likelihood of lungmore » deposition and blood absorption than larger particles due to their size. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can also pose physical hazards due to their unusually high reactivity, which makes them useful as catalysts, but has the potential to cause fires and explosions. Characterization of the hazards (and potential for exposures) associated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> development and incorporation in other products is an essential step in the development of nanotechnologies. Developing controls for these hazards are equally important. Engineered controls should be integrated into <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> manufacturing process design according to 10CFR851, DOE Policy 456.1, and DOE Notice 456.1 as safety-related hardware or administrative controls for worker safety. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> hazards in a nuclear facility must also meet control requirements per DOE standards 3009, 1189, and 1186. Integration of safe designs into manufacturing processes for new applications concurrent with the developing technology is essential for worker safety. This paper presents a discussion of nanotechnology, <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> properties/hazards and controls.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApSS..256.3917X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ApSS..256.3917X"><span>Synthesis of camptothecin-loaded gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xing, Zhimin; Liu, Zhiguo; Zu, Yuangang; Fu, Yujie; Zhao, Chunjian; Zhao, Xiuhua; Meng, Ronghua; Tan, Shengnan</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>Camptothecin-loaded gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been synthesized by the sodium borohydride reduction method under a strong basic condition. The obtained gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The camptothecin-loaded gold colloidal solution was very stable and can be stored for more than two months at room temperature without obvious changes. The color of the colloidal solution can change from wine red to purple and blue during the acidifying process. It was revealed that the release of camptothecin and the aggregation of gold nanoparticles can be controlled by tuning the solution pH. The present study implied that the gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be used as the potential carrier for CPT delivery.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E3SWC..2200119M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E3SWC..2200119M"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in the environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mrowiec, Bozena</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>This paper considers engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, deliberately engineered and manufactured to have certain properties and have at least one primary dimension of less than 100 nm. Materials produced with the aid of nanotechnologies are used in many areas of everyday life. Researches with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have shown that the physiochemical characteristic of particles can influence their effects in biological systems. The field of nanotechnology has created risk for environment and human health. The toxicity of nanoparticles may be affected by different physicochemical properties, including size, shape, chemistry, surface properties, agglomeration, solubility, and charge, as well as effects from attached functional groups and crystalline structure. The greater surface-area-to-mass ratio of nanoparticles makes them generally more reactive than their macro-sized counterparts. Exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can occur at different life-cycle stages of the materials and/or products. The knowledge gaps limiting the understanding of the human and environment hazard and risk of nanotechnology should be explained by the scientific investigations for help to protect human and environmental health and to ensure the benefits of the nanotechnology products without excessive risk of this new technology. In this review are presented the proposal measurement methods for NMs characteristic.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23009586','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23009586"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in the field of design ergonomics: present status.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chowdhury, Anirban; Sanjog, J; Reddy, Swathi Matta; Karmakar, Sougata</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Application of nanotechnology and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is not new in the field of design, but a recent trend of extensive use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in product and/or workplace design is drawing attention of design researchers all over the world. In the present paper, an attempt has been made to describe the diverse use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in product and workplace design with special emphasis on ergonomics (occupational health and safety; thermo-regulation and work efficiency, cognitive interface design; maintenance of workplace, etc.) to popularise the new discipline 'nanoergonomics' among designers, design users and design researchers. Nanoergonomics for sustainable product and workplace design by minimising occupational health risks has been felt by the authors to be an emerging research area in coming years. Use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the field of design ergonomics is less explored till date. In the present review, an attempt has been made to extend general awareness among ergonomists/designers about applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>/nanotechnology in the field of design ergonomics and about health implications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during their use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525571','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27525571"><span>Mechanism of hard-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> clearance by the liver.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tsoi, Kim M; MacParland, Sonya A; Ma, Xue-Zhong; Spetzler, Vinzent N; Echeverri, Juan; Ouyang, Ben; Fadel, Saleh M; Sykes, Edward A; Goldaracena, Nicolas; Kaths, Johann M; Conneely, John B; Alman, Benjamin A; Selzner, Markus; Ostrowski, Mario A; Adeyi, Oyedele A; Zilman, Anton; McGilvray, Ian D; Chan, Warren C W</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>The liver and spleen are major biological barriers to translating nanomedicines because they sequester the majority of administered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and prevent delivery to diseased tissue. Here we examined the blood clearance mechanism of administered hard <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in relation to blood flow dynamics, organ microarchitecture and cellular phenotype. We found that <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> velocity reduces 1,000-fold as they enter and traverse the liver, leading to 7.5 times more <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interaction with hepatic cells relative to peripheral cells. In the liver, Kupffer cells (84.8 ± 6.4%), hepatic B cells (81.5 ± 9.3%) and liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (64.6 ± 13.7%) interacted with administered PEGylated quantum dots, but splenic macrophages took up less material (25.4 ± 10.1%) due to differences in phenotype. The uptake patterns were similar for two other <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> types and five different surface chemistries. Potential new strategies to overcome off-target <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> accumulation may involve manipulating intra-organ flow dynamics and modulating the cellular phenotype to alter hepatic cell interactions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=249334&Lab=NCER&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=249334&Lab=NCER&keyword=Nanotechnology&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>TRANSFORMATION AND FATE OF <span class="hlt">NANOMATERIALS</span> DURING WASTEWATER TREATMENT AND INCINERATION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><p>This research will produce new data about the characteristics and fate of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during biological wastewater treatment and incineration. Such knowledge is necessary for estimating exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and developing life cycle risk assessments of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. To...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29342950','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29342950"><span>Recent Advances of Rare-Earth Ion Doped Luminescent <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Perovskite Solar Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Qiao, Yu; Li, Shuhan; Liu, Wenhui; Ran, Meiqing; Lu, Haifei; Yang, Yingping</p> <p>2018-01-15</p> <p>Organic-inorganic lead halide <span class="hlt">based</span> perovskite solar cells have received broad interest due to their merits of low fabrication cost, a low temperature solution process, and high energy conversion efficiencies. Rare-earth (RE) ion doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be used in perovskite solar cells to expand the range of absorption spectra and improve the stability due to its upconversion and downconversion effect. This article reviews recent progress in using RE-ion-doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in mesoporous electrodes, perovskite active layers, and as an external function layer of perovskite solar cells. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing the effective use of RE-ion-doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in perovskite solar cells and present some prospects for future research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5791130','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5791130"><span>Recent Advances of Rare-Earth Ion Doped Luminescent <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Perovskite Solar Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Qiao, Yu; Li, Shuhan; Liu, Wenhui; Ran, Meiqing; Lu, Haifei</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Organic-inorganic lead halide <span class="hlt">based</span> perovskite solar cells have received broad interest due to their merits of low fabrication cost, a low temperature solution process, and high energy conversion efficiencies. Rare-earth (RE) ion doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be used in perovskite solar cells to expand the range of absorption spectra and improve the stability due to its upconversion and downconversion effect. This article reviews recent progress in using RE-ion-doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in mesoporous electrodes, perovskite active layers, and as an external function layer of perovskite solar cells. Finally, we discuss the challenges facing the effective use of RE-ion-doped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in perovskite solar cells and present some prospects for future research. PMID:29342950</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......425M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......425M"><span>Thermal energy harvesting and solar energy conversion utilizing carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McCarthy, Patrick T.</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation provides details of carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> fabrication for applications in energy harvesting and generation. As energy demands increase, and concerns about mankind's environmental impact increase, alternative methods of generating energy will be widely researched. Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may be effective in such applications as their fabrication is often inexpensive and they have highly desirable electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties. Synthesis and characterization of carbon nanotube thermal interfaces on gadolinium foils is described herein. Total thermal interface resistances of carbon nanotube coated gadolinium were measured using a one-dimensional reference calorimeter technique, and the effect of hydrogen embrittlement on the magnetic properties of gadolinium foils is discussed. The samples generated in this study were consistently measured with reduced total thermal interface resistances of 55-70% compared to bare gadolinium. Characterization of gadolinium foils in a cooling device called a magneto thermoelectric generator was also performed. A gadolinium shuttle drives the device as it transitions between ferromagnetic and paramagnetic states. Reduced interface resistances from the carbon nanotube arrays led to increased shuttle frequency and effective heat transfer coefficients. Detailed theoretical derivations for electron emission during thermal and photo-excitation are provided for both three-dimensional and two-dimensional materials. The derived theories were fitted to experimental data from variable temperature photoemission studies of potassium-intercalated graphitic nanopetals. A work function reduction from approximately 4.5 eV to 2 -- 3 eV resulted from potassium intercalation and adsorption. While changes in the electron energy distribution shape and intensity were significant within 310 -- 680 K, potassium-intercalated graphitic petals demonstrate very high thermal stability after heating to nearly 1000 K. Boron</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3894052','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3894052"><span>Biological and Environmental Transformations of Copper-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Zhongying; Von Dem Bussche, Annette; Kabadi, Pranita K.; Kane, Agnes B.; Hurt, Robert H.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Copper-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles are an important class of materials with applications as catalysts, conductive inks, and antimicrobial agents. Environmental and safety issues are particularly important for copper-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> because of their potential large-scale use and their high redox activity and toxicity reported from in vitro studies. Elemental nanocopper oxidizes readily upon atmospheric exposure during storage and use, so copper oxides are highly relevant phases to consider in studies of environmental and health impacts. Here we show that copper oxide nanoparticles undergo profound chemical transformations under conditions relevant to living systems and the natural environment. Copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) dissolution occurs at lysosomal pH (4-5), but not at neutral pH in pure water. Despite the near-neutral pH of cell culture medium, CuO-NPs undergo significant dissolution in media over time scales relevant to toxicity testing due to ligand-assisted ion release, in which amino acid complexation is an important contributor. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy shows that dissolved copper in association with CuO-NPs are the primary redox-active species. CuO-NPs also undergo sulfidation by a dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism, and the new sulfide surfaces act as catalysts for sulfide oxidation. Copper sulfide NPs are found to be much less cytotoxic than CuO NPs, which is consistent with the very low solubility of CuS. Despite this low solubility of CuS, EPR studies show that sulfidated CuO continues to generate some ROS activity due to the release of free copper by H2O2 oxidation during the Fenton-chemistry-<span class="hlt">based</span> EPR assay. While sulfidation can serve as a natural detoxification process for nanosilver and other chalcophile metals, our results suggest that sulfidation may not fully and permanently detoxify copper in biological or environmental compartments that contain reactive oxygen species. PMID:24032665</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......130T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......130T"><span>Studying the Interface between <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Biomolecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Torelli, Marco Diego</p> <p></p> <p>As engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> become ubiquitous among society, their inevitable entrance into the environment invites questions as to potential implications. As the field of nanotechnology progresses, responsible development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> requires a broad availability of useful tools. To this aim, this work seeks to improve analytical abilities to address fundamental molecular interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with biological systems that can be expanded broadly, divided into the following: (1) A model applicable to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was developed and validated to correct the over-estimated signal for core:shell <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that can occur at small particle sizes approaching the electron attenuation length of the material being investigated. (2) To understand the role of underlying substrate in particle interactions, diamond and gold functionalized with a protein resisting molecule (hexaethylene glycol) were compared to test the ability of each to resist adsorption of charged proteins. It was demonstrated that the underlying substrate can have an effect on the ability of to properly resist proteins, with charged proteins adsorbing to gold, believed to be due to the ability of gold to form an image dipole. (3) To advance the use of nanodiamond in biological settings, methods to create robust chemical linkages at single digit sizes were developed. Alkene <span class="hlt">based</span> oligo(ethylene glycol) molecules were successfully photochemically grafted to fully disaggregated detonation nanodiamond. Because the scalability of such methods currently limits such functionalization broadly, polyelectrolytic wrapping of nanodiamond was developed as a useful and scalable method to produce diamond nanoparticles with varying amine <span class="hlt">based</span> functionalities. (4) Phage display was adapted as a method to determine chemical functionalities that interact with anatase titanium dioxide below 20 nm. In contrast to finding specific, individual inorganic binding sequences, we lowered the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308835&keyword=nano&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=308835&keyword=nano&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Simulating the fate and transport of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in surface waters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The unique properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have resulted in their increased production. However, it is unclear how <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will move and react once released to the environment One approach for addressing possible exposure of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in surface waters is by using numerical...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28306244','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28306244"><span>Recent Advances in Ultrathin Two-Dimensional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tan, Chaoliang; Cao, Xiehong; Wu, Xue-Jun; He, Qiyuan; Yang, Jian; Zhang, Xiao; Chen, Junze; Zhao, Wei; Han, Shikui; Nam, Gwang-Hyeon; Sindoro, Melinda; Zhang, Hua</p> <p>2017-05-10</p> <p>Since the discovery of mechanically exfoliated graphene in 2004, research on ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has grown exponentially in the fields of condensed matter physics, material science, chemistry, and nanotechnology. Highlighting their compelling physical, chemical, electronic, and optical properties, as well as their various potential applications, in this Review, we summarize the state-of-art progress on the ultrathin 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with a particular emphasis on their recent advances. First, we introduce the unique advances on ultrathin 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, followed by the description of their composition and crystal structures. The assortments of their synthetic methods are then summarized, including insights on their advantages and limitations, alongside some recommendations on suitable characterization techniques. We also discuss in detail the utilization of these ultrathin 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for wide ranges of potential applications among the electronics/optoelectronics, electrocatalysis, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, photocatalysis, and sensing platforms. Finally, the challenges and outlooks in this promising field are featured on the basis of its current development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4023549','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4023549"><span>A review and perspective of existing research on the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from solid nanocomposites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Advances in adding <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to various matrices have occurred in tandem with the identification of potential hazards associated with exposure to pure forms of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We searched multiple research publication databases and found that, relative to data generated on potential <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazards or exposures, very little attention has focused on understanding the potential and conditions for release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from nanocomposites. However, as a prerequisite to exposure studying release is necessary to inform risk assessments. We identified fifty-four studies that specifically investigated the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and review them in the following release scenario groupings: machining, weathering, washing, contact and incineration. While all of the identified studies provided useful information, only half were controlled experiments. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on these data, the debris released from solid, non-food nanocomposites contains in varying frequencies, a mixture of four types of debris. Most frequently identified are (1) particles of matrix alone, and slightly less often, the (2) matrix particles exhibit the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> partially or fully embedded; far less frequently is (3) the added <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> entirely dissociated from the matrix identified: and most rare are (4) dissolved ionic forms of the added <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. The occurrence of specific debris types appeared to be dependent on the specific release scenario and environment. These data highlight that release from nanocomposites can take multiple forms and that additional research and guidance would be beneficial, allowing for more consistent characterization of the release potential of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In addition, these data support calls for method validation and standardization, as well as understanding how laboratory release scenarios relate to real-world conditions. Importantly, as risk is considered to be a function of the inherent hazards of a substance and the actual potential for exposure, data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24708765','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24708765"><span>A review and perspective of existing research on the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from solid nanocomposites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Froggett, Stephan J; Clancy, Shaun F; Boverhof, Darrell R; Canady, Richard A</p> <p>2014-04-07</p> <p>Advances in adding <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to various matrices have occurred in tandem with the identification of potential hazards associated with exposure to pure forms of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We searched multiple research publication databases and found that, relative to data generated on potential <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazards or exposures, very little attention has focused on understanding the potential and conditions for release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from nanocomposites. However, as a prerequisite to exposure studying release is necessary to inform risk assessments. We identified fifty-four studies that specifically investigated the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and review them in the following release scenario groupings: machining, weathering, washing, contact and incineration. While all of the identified studies provided useful information, only half were controlled experiments. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on these data, the debris released from solid, non-food nanocomposites contains in varying frequencies, a mixture of four types of debris. Most frequently identified are (1) particles of matrix alone, and slightly less often, the (2) matrix particles exhibit the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> partially or fully embedded; far less frequently is (3) the added <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> entirely dissociated from the matrix identified: and most rare are (4) dissolved ionic forms of the added <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. The occurrence of specific debris types appeared to be dependent on the specific release scenario and environment. These data highlight that release from nanocomposites can take multiple forms and that additional research and guidance would be beneficial, allowing for more consistent characterization of the release potential of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In addition, these data support calls for method validation and standardization, as well as understanding how laboratory release scenarios relate to real-world conditions. Importantly, as risk is considered to be a function of the inherent hazards of a substance and the actual potential for exposure, data</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29251504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29251504"><span>Cellulosic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Food and Nutraceutical Applications: A Review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khan, Avik; Wen, Yangbing; Huq, Tanzina; Ni, Yonghao</p> <p>2018-01-10</p> <p>Cellulosic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) are organic, green <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that are obtained from renewable sources and possess exceptional mechanical strength and biocompatibility. The associated unique physical and chemical properties have made these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> an intriguing prospect for various applications including the food and nutraceutical industry. From the immobilization of various bioactive agents and enzymes, emulsion stabilization, direct food additives, to the development of intelligent packaging systems or pathogen or pH detectors, the potential food related applications for CNMs are endless. Over the past decade, there have been several reviews published covering different aspects of cellulosic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as processing-structure-property relationship, physical and chemical properties, rheology, extraction, nanocomposites, etc. In this critical review, we have discussed and provided a summary of the recent developments in the utilization of cellulosic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in applications related to food and nutraceuticals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2024G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2024G"><span>Predictive tests to evaluate oxidative potential of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghiazza, Mara; Carella, Emanuele; Oliaro-Bosso, Simonetta; Corazzari, Ingrid; Viola, Franca; Fenoglio, Ivana</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Oxidative stress constitutes one of the principal injury mechanisms through which particulate toxicants (asbestos, crystalline silica, hard metals) and engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can induce adverse health effects. ROS may be generated indirectly by activated cells and/or directly at the surface of the material. The occurrence of these processes depends upon the type of material. Many authors have recently demonstrated that metal oxides and carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles may influence (increasing or decreasing) the generation of oxygen radicals in a cell environment. Metal oxide, such as iron oxides, crystalline silica, and titanium dioxide are able to generate free radicals via different mechanisms causing an imbalance within oxidant species. The increase of ROS species may lead to inflammatory responses and in some cases to the development of cancer. On the other hand carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes, carbon black as well as cerium dioxide are able to scavenge the free radicals generated acting as antioxidant. The high numbers of new-engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which are introduced in the market, are exponentially increasing. Therefore the definition of toxicological strategies is urgently needed. The development of acellular screening tests will make possible the reduction of the number of in vitro and in vivo tests to be performed. An integrated protocol that may be used to predict the oxidant/antioxidant potential of engineered nanoparticles will be here presented.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116676','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28116676"><span>Scientific and Regulatory Considerations for Generic Complex Drug Products Containing <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zheng, Nan; Sun, Dajun D; Zou, Peng; Jiang, Wenlei</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>In the past few decades, the development of medicine at the nanoscale has been applied to oral and parenteral dosage forms in a wide range of therapeutic areas to enhance drug delivery and reduce toxicity. An obvious response to these benefits is reflected in higher market shares of complex drug products containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> than that of conventional formulations containing the same active ingredient. The surging market interest has encouraged the pharmaceutical industry to develop cost-effective generic versions of complex drug products <span class="hlt">based</span> on nanotechnology when the associated patent and exclusivity on the reference products have expired. Due to their complex nature, nanotechnology-<span class="hlt">based</span> drugs present unique challenges in determining equivalence standards between generic and innovator products. This manuscript attempts to provide the scientific rationales and regulatory considerations of key equivalence standards (e.g., in vivo studies and in vitro physicochemical characterization) for oral drugs containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, iron-carbohydrate complexes, liposomes, protein-bound drugs, nanotube-forming drugs, and nano emulsions. It also presents active research studies in bridging regulatory and scientific gaps for establishing equivalence of complex products containing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We hope that open communication among industry, academia, and regulatory agencies will accelerate the development and approval processes of generic complex products <span class="hlt">based</span> on nanotechnology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23370509','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23370509"><span>[International trend of guidance for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk assessment].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hirose, Akihiko</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>In the past few years, several kinds of opinions or recommendations on the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> safety assessment have been published from international or national bodies. Among the reports, the first practical guidance of risk assessment from the regulatory body was published from the European Food Safety Authorities in May 2011, which included the determination of exposure scenario and toxicity testing strategy. In October 2011, European Commission (EC) adopted the definition of "<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>" for regulation. And more recently, Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety of EC released guidance for assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics in June 2012. A series of activities in EU marks an important step towards realistic safety assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. On the other hand, the US FDA announced a draft guidance for industry in June 2011, and then published draft guidance documents for both "Cosmetic Products" and "Food Ingredients and Food Contact Substances" in April 2012. These draft documents do not restrictedly define the physical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, but when manufacturing changes alter the dimensions, properties, or effects of an FDA-regulated product, the products are treated as new products. Such international movements indicate that most of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with any new properties would be assessed or regulated as new products by most of national authorities in near future, although the approaches are still case by case basis. We will introduce such current international activities and consideration points for regulatory risk assessment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965171','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21965171"><span>Toward toxicity testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the 21st century: a paradigm for moving forward.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lai, David Y</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>A challenge-facing hazard identification and safety evaluation of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> being introduced to market is the diversity and complexity of the types of materials with varying physicochemical properties, many of which can affect their toxicity by different mechanisms. In general, in vitro test systems have limited usefulness for hazard identification of nanoparticles due to various issues. Meanwhile, conducting chronic toxicity/carcinogenicity studies in rodents for every new <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> introduced into the commerce is impractical if not impossible. New toxicity testing systems which rely on predictive, high-throughput technologies may be the ultimate goal of evaluating the potential hazard of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. However, at present, this approach alone is unlikely to succeed in evaluating the toxicity of the wide array of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and requires validation from in vivo studies. This article proposes a paradigm for toxicity testing and elucidation of the molecular mechanisms of reference materials for specific <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> classes/subclasses using short-term in vivo animal studies in conjunction with high-throughput screenings and mechanism-<span class="hlt">based</span> short-term in vitro assays. The hazard potential of a particular <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> can be evaluated by conducting only in vitro high-throughput assays and mechanistic studies and comparing the data with those of the reference materials in the specific class/subclass-an approach in line with the vision for 'Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century' of chemicals. With well-designed experiments, testing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of varying/selected physicochemical parameters may be able to identify the physicochemical parameters contributing to toxicity. The data so derived could be used for the development of computer model systems to predict the hazard potential of specific nanoparticles <span class="hlt">based</span> on property-activity relationships. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=240105&keyword=genetic+AND+data+AND+analysis&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=240105&keyword=genetic+AND+data+AND+analysis&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Toxicity Screening in Developing Zebrafish Embryos</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>To assess <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> vertebrate toxicity, a high-content screening assay was created using developing zebrafish, Danio rerio. This included a diverse group of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (n=42 total) ranging from metallic (Ag, Au) and metal oxide (CeO2, CuO, TiO2, ZnO) nanoparticles, to non...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759090','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22759090"><span>Fate and risks of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in aquatic and terrestrial environments.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Batley, Graeme E; Kirby, Jason K; McLaughlin, Michael J</p> <p>2013-03-19</p> <p> interact with nanoparticles to change surface charge and mobility and affect the interactions of those nanoparticles with biota. Ultimately, aquatic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> accumulate in bottom sediments, facilitated in natural systems by heteroaggregation. Homoaggregates of nanoparticles sediment more slowly. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> from urban, medical, and industrial sources may undergo significant transformations during wastewater treatment processes. For example, sulfidation of silver nanoparticles in wastewater treatment systems converts most of the nanoparticles to silver sulfides (Ag₂S). Aggregation of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with other mineral and organic components of the wastewater often results in most of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> being associated with other solids rather than remaining as dispersed nanosized suspensions. Risk assessments for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> releases to the environment are still in their infancy, and reliable measurements of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> at environmental concentrations remain challenging. Predicted environmental concentrations <span class="hlt">based</span> on current usage are low but are expected to increase as use increases. At this early stage, comparisons of estimated exposure data with known toxicity data indicate that the predicted environmental concentrations are orders of magnitude below those known to have environmental effects on biota. As more toxicity data are generated under environmentally-relevant conditions, risk assessments for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will improve to produce accurate assessments that assure environmental safety.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027670','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27027670"><span>Safety and toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for ocular drug delivery applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mehra, Neelesh K; Cai, Defu; Kuo, Lih; Hein, Travis; Palakurthi, Srinath</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Multifunctional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are rapidly emerging for ophthalmic delivery of therapeutics to facilitate safe and effective targeting with improved patient compliance. Because of their extremely high area to volume ratio, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> often have physicochemical properties that are different from those of their larger counterparts. There exists a complex relationship between the physicochemical properties (composition, size, shape, charge, roughness, and porosity) of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their interaction with the biological system. The eye is a very sensitive accessible organ and is subjected to intended and unintended exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Currently, various ophthalmic formulations are available in the market, while some are underway in preclinical and clinical phases. However, the data on safety, efficacy, and toxicology of these advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for ocular drug delivery are sparse. Focus of the present review is to provide a comprehensive report on the safety, biocompatibility and toxicities of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the eye.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1040288','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1040288"><span>Expanding Applications of SERS through Versatile <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> Engineering (Postprint)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-06-22</p> <p>AFRL-RX-WP-JA-2017-0341 EXPANDING APPLICATIONS OF SERS THROUGH VERSATILE <span class="hlt">NANOMATERIALS</span> ENGINEERING (POSTPRINT) M. Fernanda...AND SUBTITLE EXPANDING APPLICATIONS OF SERS THROUGH VERSATILE <span class="hlt">NANOMATERIALS</span> ENGINEERING (POSTPRINT) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8650-15-2-5518 5b...Expanding applications of SERS through versatile <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> engineering M. Fernanda Cardinal, Emma Vander Ende, Ryan A. Hackler, Michael O. McAnally</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401719','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29401719"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Sensing and Biosensing of Phenolic Compounds and Related Antioxidant Capacity in Food.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Della Pelle, Flavio; Compagnone, Dario</p> <p>2018-02-04</p> <p>Polyphenolic compounds (PCs) have received exceptional attention at the end of the past millennium and as much at the beginning of the new one. Undoubtedly, these compounds in foodstuffs provide added value for their well-known health benefits, for their technological role and also marketing. Many efforts have been made to provide simple, effective and user friendly analytical methods for the determination and antioxidant capacity (AOC) evaluation of food polyphenols. In a parallel track, over the last twenty years, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (NMs) have made their entry in the analytical chemistry domain; NMs have, in fact, opened new paths for the development of analytical methods with the common aim to improve analytical performance and sustainability, becoming new tools in quality assurance of food and beverages. The aim of this review is to provide information on the most recent developments of new NMs-<span class="hlt">based</span> tools and strategies for total polyphenols (TP) determination and AOC evaluation in food. In this review optical, electrochemical and bioelectrochemical approaches have been reviewed. The use of nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and hybrid materials for the detection of polyphenols is the main subject of the works reported. However, particular attention has been paid to the success of the application in real samples, in addition to the NMs. In particular, the discussion has been focused on methods/devices presenting, in the opinion of the authors, clear advancement in the fields, in terms of simplicity, rapidity and usability. This review aims to demonstrate how the NM-<span class="hlt">based</span> approaches represent valid alternatives to classical methods for polyphenols analysis, and are mature to be integrated for the rapid quality assessment of food quality in lab or directly in the field.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614864','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24614864"><span>Two dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for flexible supercapacitors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Peng, Xu; Peng, Lele; Wu, Changzheng; Xie, Yi</p> <p>2014-05-21</p> <p>Flexible supercapacitors, as one of most promising emerging energy storage devices, are of great interest owing to their high power density with great mechanical compliance, making them very suitable as power back-ups for future stretchable electronics. Two-dimensional (2D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including the quasi-2D graphene and inorganic graphene-like materials (IGMs), have been greatly explored to providing huge potential for the development of flexible supercapacitors with higher electrochemical performance. This review article is devoted to recent progresses in engineering 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for flexible supercapacitors, which survey the evolution of electrode materials, recent developments in 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their hybrid nanostructures with regulated electrical properties, and the new planar configurations of flexible supercapacitors. Furthermore, a brief discussion on future directions, challenges and opportunities in this fascinating area is also provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2062S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2062S"><span>Overview of Risk Management for Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schulte, P. A.; Geraci, C. L.; Hodson, L. L.; Zumwalde, R. D.; Kuempel, E. D.; Murashov, V.; Martinez, K. F.; Heidel, D. S.</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Occupational exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) is considered a new and challenging occurrence. Preliminary information from laboratory studies indicates that workers exposed to some kinds of ENMs could be at risk of adverse health effects. To protect the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> workforce, a precautionary risk management approach is warranted and given the newness of ENMs and emergence of nanotechnology, a naturalistic view of risk management is useful. Employers have the primary responsibility for providing a safe and healthy workplace. This is achieved by identifying and managing risks which include recognition of hazards, assessing exposures, characterizing actual risk, and implementing measures to control those risks. Following traditional risk management models for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is challenging because of uncertainties about the nature of hazards, issues in exposure assessment, questions about appropriate control methods, and lack of occupational exposure limits (OELs) or nano-specific regulations. In the absence of OELs specific for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, a precautionary approach has been recommended in many countries. The precautionary approach entails minimizing exposures by using engineering controls and personal protective equipment (PPE). Generally, risk management utilizes the hierarchy of controls. Ideally, risk management for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> should be part of an enterprise-wide risk management program or system and this should include both risk control and a medical surveillance program that assesses the frequency of adverse effects among groups of workers exposed to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In some cases, the medical surveillance could include medical screening of individual workers to detect early signs of work-related illnesses. All medical surveillance should be used to assess the effectiveness of risk management; however, medical surveillance should be considered as a second line of defense to ensure that implemented risk management practices are effective.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23705409','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23705409"><span>[Degradation and transformation of engineering carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the environment: A review].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yue, Fang-Ning; Luo, Shui-Ming; Zhang, Cheng-Dong</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>With the large amount production and application of engineering carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, their potential ecological risk has attracted extensive attention. The degradation and transformation of the carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the environment directly affect the fates and eco-toxicity of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the environment, and the research of the degradation and transformation processes of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the environment is the key link for the determination of the environmental capacity of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and for the evaluation of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> life cycle in the environment. This paper briefly introduced the chemical transformation, microbial degradation, and photodegradation of the major engineering carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (carbon nanotubes and fullerene) in the environment, and summarized the environmental and structural factors affecting the degradation of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the related intrinsic mechanisms. The shortcomings of the related researches and the directions of the future research were also put forward.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979818','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26979818"><span>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: toward effective safety management in research laboratories.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Groso, Amela; Petri-Fink, Alke; Rothen-Rutishauser, Barbara; Hofmann, Heinrich; Meyer, Thierry</p> <p>2016-03-15</p> <p>It is still unknown which types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and associated doses represent an actual danger to humans and environment. Meanwhile, there is consensus on applying the precautionary principle to these novel materials until more information is available. To deal with the rapid evolution of research, including the fast turnover of collaborators, a user-friendly and easy-to-apply risk assessment tool offering adequate preventive and protective measures has to be provided. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on new information concerning the hazards of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, we improved a previously developed risk assessment tool by following a simple scheme to gain in efficiency. In the first step, using a logical decision tree, one of the three hazard levels, from H1 to H3, is assigned to the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Using a combination of decision trees and matrices, the second step links the hazard with the emission and exposure potential to assign one of the three nanorisk levels (Nano 3 highest risk; Nano 1 lowest risk) to the activity. These operations are repeated at each process step, leading to the laboratory classification. The third step provides detailed preventive and protective measures for the determined level of nanorisk. We developed an adapted simple and intuitive method for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk management in research laboratories. It allows classifying the nanoactivities into three levels, additionally proposing concrete preventive and protective measures and associated actions. This method is a valuable tool for all the participants in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> safety. The users experience an essential learning opportunity and increase their safety awareness. Laboratory managers have a reliable tool to obtain an overview of the operations involving <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in their laboratories; this is essential, as they are responsible for the employee safety, but are sometimes unaware of the works performed. Bringing this risk to a three-band scale (like other types of risks such as biological, radiation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1149613','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1149613"><span>Toxicology and cellular effect of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Chen, Fanqing</p> <p>2014-07-22</p> <p>The increasing use of nanotechnology in consumer products and medical applications underlies the importance of understanding its potential toxic effects to people and the environment. Herein are described methods and assays to predict and evaluate the cellular effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure. Exposing cells to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> at cytotoxic doses induces cell cycle arrest and increases apoptosis/necrosis, activates genes involved in cellular transport, metabolism, cell cycle regulation, and stress response. Certain <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> induce genes indicative of a strong immune and inflammatory response within skin fibroblasts. Furthermore, the described multiwall carbon nanoonions (MWCNOs) can be used as a therapeutic in the treatment of cancer due to its cytotoxicity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2001V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2001V"><span>Reproductive toxicity of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: a review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vasyukova, I.; Gusev, A.; Tkachev, A.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>In the current review, we assembled the experimental evidences of an association between carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbon black, graphite nanoplatelets, graphene, single- and multi-walled carbon nanotubes, and fullerene exposure and adverse reproductive and developmental effects, in vitro and in vivo studies. It is shown that carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> reveal toxic effect on reproductive system and offspring development of the animals of various system groups to a certain degree depending on carbon crystal structure. Although this paper provides initial information about the potential male and female reproductive toxicity of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, further studies, using characterized nanoparticles, relevant routes of administration, and doses closely reflecting all the expected levels of exposure are needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4041602','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4041602"><span>Zinc Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Biomedical Fluorescence Detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hahm, Jong-in</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>One-dimensional zinc oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been recently developed into novel, extremely effective, optical signal-enhancing bioplatforms. Their usefulness has been demonstrated in various biomedical fluorescence assays. Fluorescence is extensively used in biology and medicine as a sensitive and noninvasive detection method for tracking and analyzing biological molecules. Achieving high sensitivity via improving signal-to-noise ratio is of paramount importance in fluorescence-<span class="hlt">based</span>, trace-level detection. Recent advances in the development of optically superior one-dimensional materials have contributed to this important biomedical area of detection. This review article will discuss major research developments that have so far been made in this emerging and exciting topical field. The discussion will cover a broad range of subjects including synthesis of zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs), various properties differentiating them as suitable optical biodetection platforms, their demonstrated applicability in DNA and protein detection, and the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> characteristics relevant for biomolecular fluorescence enhancement. This review will then summarize the current status of ZnO NR-<span class="hlt">based</span> biodetection and further elaborate future utility of ZnO NR platforms for advanced biomedical assays, <span class="hlt">based</span> on their proven advantages. Lastly, present challenges experienced in this topical area will be identified and focal subject areas for future research will be suggested as well. PMID:24730276</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5069833','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5069833"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> incorporated ultrasound contrast agents for cancer theranostics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fu, Lei; Ke, Heng-Te</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology provides various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with tremendous functionalities for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. Recently, theranostics has been developed as an alternative strategy for efficient cancer treatment through combination of imaging diagnosis and therapeutic interventions under the guidance of diagnostic results. Ultrasound (US) imaging shows unique advantages with excellent features of real-time imaging, low cost, high safety and portability, making US contrast agents (UCAs) an ideal platform for construction of cancer theranostic agents. This review focuses on the development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> incorporated multifunctional UCAs serving as theranostic agents for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics, via conjugation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIOs), CuS nanoparticles, DNA, siRNA, gold nanoparticles (GNPs), gold nanorods (GNRs), gold nanoshell (GNS), graphene oxides (GOs), polypyrrole (PPy) nanocapsules, Prussian blue (PB) nanoparticles and so on to different types of UCAs. The cancer treatment could be more effectively and accurately carried out under the guidance and monitoring with the help of the achieved theranostic agents. Furthermore, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> incorporated theranostic agents <span class="hlt">based</span> on UCAs can be designed and constructed by demand for personalized and accurate treatment of cancer, demonstrating their great potential to address the challenges of cancer heterogeneity and adaptation, which can provide alternative strategies for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. PMID:27807499</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4275547','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4275547"><span>Applications of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopic techniques in studying nucleic acids and nucleic acid-functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wu, Peiwen; Yu, Yang; McGhee, Claire E.; Tan, Li Huey</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In this review, we summarize recent progresses in the application of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopic techniques for nucleic acid research that takes advantage of high-flux and high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation from synchrotron sources. The first section of the review focuses on the characterization of the structure and folding processes of nucleic acids using different types of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopies, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, X-ray footprinting and small-angle X-ray scattering. In the second section, the characterization of nucleic acid-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanostructures, nucleic acid-functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nucleic acid-lipid interactions using these spectroscopic techniques is summarized. Insights gained from these studies are described and future directions of this field are also discussed. PMID:25205057</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1342722-applications-synchrotron-based-spectroscopic-techniques-studying-nucleic-acids-nucleic-acid-functionalized-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1342722-applications-synchrotron-based-spectroscopic-techniques-studying-nucleic-acids-nucleic-acid-functionalized-nanomaterials"><span>Applications of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopic techniques in studying nucleic acids and nucleic acid-functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Wu, Peiwen; Yu, Yang; McGhee, Claire E.; ...</p> <p>2014-09-10</p> <p>In this paper, we summarize recent progress in the application of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopic techniques for nucleic acid research that takes advantage of high-flux and high-brilliance electromagnetic radiation from synchrotron sources. The first section of the review focuses on the characterization of the structure and folding processes of nucleic acids using different types of synchrotron-<span class="hlt">based</span> spectroscopies, such as X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray emission spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, synchrotron radiation circular dichroism, X-ray footprinting and small-angle X-ray scattering. In the second section, the characterization of nucleic acid-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanostructures, nucleic acid-functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nucleic acid-lipid interactions using these spectroscopic techniques is summarized. Insightsmore » gained from these studies are described and future directions of this field are also discussed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3638956','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3638956"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and synergistic low intensity direct current (LIDC) stimulation technology for orthopaedic implantable medical devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Samberg, Meghan E.; Cohen, Paul H.; Wysk, Richard A.; Monteiro-Riviere, Nancy A.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> play a significant role in biomedical research and applications due to their unique biological, mechanical, and electrical properties. In recent years, they have been utilised to improve the functionality and reliability of a wide range of implantable medical devices ranging from well-established orthopaedic residual hardware devices (e.g. hip implants) that can repair defects in skeletal systems to emerging tissue engineering scaffolds that can repair or replace organ functions. This review summarizes the applications and efficacies of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that include synthetic or naturally occurring metals, polymers, ceramics, and composites in orthopaedic implants, the largest market segment of implantable medical devices. The importance of synergistic engineering techniques that can augment or enhance the performance of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> applications in orthopaedic implants is also discussed,, the focus being on a low intensity direct electric current (LIDC) stimulation technology to promote the long-term antibacterial efficacy of oligodynamic metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> surfaces by ionization, while potentially accelerating tissue growth and osseointegration. While many <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have clearly demonstrated their ability to provide more effective implantable medical surfaces, further decisive investigations are necessary before they can translate into medically safe and commercially viable clinical applications. The paper concludes with a discussion about some of the critical impending issues with the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials-based</span> technologies in implantable medical devices, and potential directions to address these. PMID:23335493</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4977448','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4977448"><span>Applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as vaccine adjuvants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhu, Motao; Wang, Rongfu; Nie, Guangjun</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Vaccine adjuvants are applied to amplify the recipient's specific immune responses against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to meet the demands for more potent antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. Nanotechnology provides a multifunctional stage for the integration of desired adjuvant activities performed by the building blocks of tailor-designed nanoparticles. Using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for antigen delivery can provide high bioavailability, sustained and controlled release profiles, and targeting and imaging properties resulting from manipulation of the nanomaterials’ physicochemical properties. Moreover, the inherent immune-regulating activity of particular <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can further promote and shape the cellular and humoral immune responses toward desired types. The combination of both the delivery function and immunomodulatory effect of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as adjuvants is thought to largely benefit the immune outcomes of vaccination. In this review, we will address the current achievements of nanotechnology in the development of novel adjuvants. The potential mechanisms by which <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> impact the immune responses to a vaccine and how physicochemical properties, including size, surface charge and surface modification, impact their resulting immunological outcomes will be discussed. This review aims to provide concentrated information to promote new insights for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants. PMID:25483497</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28497205','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28497205"><span>Transmission electron microscopy artifacts in characterization of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-cell interactions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Leung, Yu Hang; Guo, Mu Yao; Ma, Angel P Y; Ng, Alan M C; Djurišić, Aleksandra B; Degger, Natalie; Leung, Frederick C C</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>We investigated transmission electron microscopy artifacts obtained using standard sample preparation protocols applied to the investigation of Escherichia coli cells exposed to common <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as TiO 2 , Ag, ZnO, and MgO. While the common protocols for some <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> result only in known issues of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-independent generation of anomalous deposits due to fixation and staining, for others, there are reactions between the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and chemicals used for post-fixation or staining. Only in the case of TiO 2 do we observe only the known issues of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-independent generation of anomalous deposits due to exceptional chemical stability of this material. For the other three <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, different artifacts are observed. For each of those, we identify causes of the observed problems and suggest alternative sample preparation protocols to avoid artifacts arising from the sample preparation, which is essential for correct interpretation of the obtained images and drawing correct conclusions on cell-<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interactions. Finally, we propose modified sample preparation and characterization protocols for comprehensive and conclusive investigations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-cell interactions using electron microscopy and for obtaining clear and unambiguous revelation whether the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> studied penetrate the cells or accumulate at the cell membranes. In only the case of MgO and ZnO, the unambiguous presence of Zn and Mg could be observed inside the cells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364209','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29364209"><span>Dispersion of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kaur, Inder; Ellis, Laura-Jayne; Romer, Isabella; Tantra, Ratna; Carriere, Marie; Allard, Soline; Mayne-L'Hermite, Martine; Minelli, Caterina; Unger, Wolfgang; Potthoff, Annegret; Rades, Steffi; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia</p> <p>2017-12-25</p> <p>The sonication process is commonly used for de-agglomerating and dispersing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in aqueous <span class="hlt">based</span> media, necessary to improve homogeneity and stability of the suspension. In this study, a systematic step-wise approach is carried out to identify optimal sonication conditions in order to achieve a stable dispersion. This approach has been adopted and shown to be suitable for several <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (cerium oxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) dispersed in deionized (DI) water. However, with any change in either the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> type or dispersing medium, there needs to be optimization of the basic protocol by adjusting various factors such as sonication time, power, and sonicator type as well as temperature rise during the process. The approach records the dispersion process in detail. This is necessary to identify the time points as well as other above-mentioned conditions during the sonication process in which there may be undesirable changes, such as damage to the particle surface thus affecting surface properties. Our goal is to offer a harmonized approach that can control the quality of the final, produced dispersion. Such a guideline is instrumental in ensuring dispersion quality repeatability in the nanoscience community, particularly in the field of nanotoxicology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5908381','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5908381"><span>Dispersion of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kaur, Inder; Ellis, Laura-Jayne; Romer, Isabella; Tantra, Ratna; Carriere, Marie; Allard, Soline; Mayne-L'Hermite, Martine; Minelli, Caterina; Unger, Wolfgang; Potthoff, Annegret; Rades, Steffi; Valsami-Jones, Eugenia</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The sonication process is commonly used for de-agglomerating and dispersing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in aqueous <span class="hlt">based</span> media, necessary to improve homogeneity and stability of the suspension. In this study, a systematic step-wise approach is carried out to identify optimal sonication conditions in order to achieve a stable dispersion. This approach has been adopted and shown to be suitable for several <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (cerium oxide, zinc oxide, and carbon nanotubes) dispersed in deionized (DI) water. However, with any change in either the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> type or dispersing medium, there needs to be optimization of the basic protocol by adjusting various factors such as sonication time, power, and sonicator type as well as temperature rise during the process. The approach records the dispersion process in detail. This is necessary to identify the time points as well as other above-mentioned conditions during the sonication process in which there may be undesirable changes, such as damage to the particle surface thus affecting surface properties. Our goal is to offer a harmonized approach that can control the quality of the final, produced dispersion. Such a guideline is instrumental in ensuring dispersion quality repeatability in the nanoscience community, particularly in the field of nanotoxicology. PMID:29364209</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695321','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695321"><span>Recent advances in applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for sample preparation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Linnan; Qi, Xiaoyue; Li, Xianjiang; Bai, Yu; Liu, Huwei</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Sample preparation is a key step for qualitative and quantitative analysis of trace analytes in complicated matrix. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology in material science, numerous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been developed with particularly useful applications in analytical chemistry. Benefitting from their high specific areas, increased surface activities, and unprecedented physical/chemical properties, the potentials of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for rapid and efficient sample preparation have been exploited extensively. In this review, recent progress of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> applied in sample preparation has been summarized and discussed. Both nanoparticles and nanoporous materials are evaluated for their unusual performance in sample preparation. Various compositions and functionalizations extended the applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in sample preparations, and distinct size and shape selectivity was generated from the diversified pore structures of nanoporous materials. Such great variety make <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> a kind of versatile tools in sample preparation for almost all categories of analytes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565198','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25565198"><span>A practical approach to determine dose metrics for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Delmaar, Christiaan J E; Peijnenburg, Willie J G M; Oomen, Agnes G; Chen, Jingwen; de Jong, Wim H; Sips, Adriënne J A M; Wang, Zhuang; Park, Margriet V D Z</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Traditionally, administered mass is used to describe doses of conventional chemical substances in toxicity studies. For deriving toxic doses of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, mass and chemical composition alone may not adequately describe the dose, because particles with the same chemical composition can have completely different toxic mass doses depending on properties such as particle size. Other dose metrics such as particle number, volume, or surface area have been suggested, but consensus is lacking. The discussion regarding the most adequate dose metric for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> clearly needs a systematic, unbiased approach to determine the most appropriate dose metric for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In the present study, the authors propose such an approach and apply it to results from in vitro and in vivo experiments with silver and silica <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The proposed approach is shown to provide a convenient tool to systematically investigate and interpret dose metrics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Recommendations for study designs aimed at investigating dose metrics are provided. © 2015 SETAC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5666470','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5666470"><span>Lyotropic Liquid Crystal Phases from Anisotropic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dierking, Ingo</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Liquid crystals are an integral part of a mature display technology, also establishing themselves in other applications, such as spatial light modulators, telecommunication technology, photonics, or sensors, just to name a few of the non-display applications. In recent years, there has been an increasing trend to add various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to liquid crystals, which is motivated by several aspects of materials development. (i) addition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can change and thus tune the properties of the liquid crystal; (ii) novel functionalities can be added to the liquid crystal; and (iii) the self-organization of the liquid crystalline state can be exploited to template ordered structures or to transfer order onto dispersed <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Much of the research effort has been concentrated on thermotropic systems, which change order as a function of temperature. Here we review the other side of the medal, the formation and properties of ordered, anisotropic fluid phases, liquid crystals, by addition of shape-anisotropic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to isotropic liquids. Several classes of materials will be discussed, inorganic and mineral liquid crystals, viruses, nanotubes and nanorods, as well as graphene oxide. PMID:28974025</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10010E..1WI','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE10010E..1WI"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and preservation mechanisms of architecture monuments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ion, Rodica-Mariana; Radu, Adrian; Teodorescu, Sofia; Fierǎscu, Irina; Fierǎscu, Radu-Claudiu; Ştirbescu, Raluca-Maria; Dulamǎ, Ioana Daniela; Şuicǎ-Bunghez, Ioana-Raluca; Bucuricǎ, Ioan Alin; Ion, Mihaela-Lucia</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Knowledge of the chemical composition of the building materials of the monuments may help us to preserve and protect them from the pollution of our cities. The aim of this work is to characterize the materials of the walls from ancient buildings, the decay products that could be appear due to the action of pollution and a new method <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (hydroxyapatite -HAp) for a conservative preservation of the treated walls. Some analytical techniques have been used, as follow: X-ray fluorescence energy dispersive (EDXRF) (for the relative abundance of major, minor and trace elements), FTIR and Raman spectroscopy (for stratigraphic study of cross-sections of multi-layered materials found in wall paintings), Optical microscopy (OM), (for morphology of the wall samples). The <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> suspension HAp applied on the sample surface by spraying, decreased the capillary water uptake, do not modify significantly the color of the samples and induced a reduced mass loss for the treated samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=295066&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=invertebrates&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=295066&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=invertebrates&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Effects of Copper <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> on Marine Benthic Communities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Copper <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CuNMs) are used as an anti-bacterial and anti-fouling agent in numerous commercial and industrial products, including water purifiers, fungicides, wood and touch surfaces. The widespread popularity of copper <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in consumer products increases the r...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28477250','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28477250"><span>An overview of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> applied for removing dyes from wastewater.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cai, Zhengqing; Sun, Youmin; Liu, Wen; Pan, Fei; Sun, Peizhe; Fu, Jie</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Organic dyes are one of the most commonly discharged pollutants in wastewaters; however, many conventional treatment methods cannot treat them effectively. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed rapid development of nanotechnologies, which offered new opportunities for developing innovative methods to treat dye-contaminated wastewater with low price and high efficiency. The large surface area, modified surface properties, unique electron conduction properties, etc. offer <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with excellent performances in dye-contaminated wastewater treatment. For examples, the agar-modified monometallic/bimetallic nanoparticles have the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity of 875.0 mg/g, which are several times higher than conventional adsorbents. Among various <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, the carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, nano-sized TiO 2 , and graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4 ) are considered as the most promising <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for removing dyes from water phase. However, some challenges, such as high cost and poor separation performance, still limit their engineering application. This article reviewed the recent advances in the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used for dye removal via adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and biological treatment. The modification methods for improving the effectiveness of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are highlighted. Finally, the current knowledge gaps of developing <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the environmental application were discussed, and the possible further research direction is proposed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338723','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22338723"><span>Eating <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: cruelty-free and safe? the EFSA guidance on risk assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in food and feed.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sauer, Ursula G</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are increasingly being added to food handling and packaging materials, or directly, to human food and animal feed. To ensure the safety of such engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs), in May 2011, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) published a guidance document on Risk assessment of the application of nanoscience and nanotechnologies in the food and feed chain. It states that risk assessment should be performed by following a step-wise procedure. Whenever human or animal exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is expected, the general hazard characterisation scheme requests information from in vitro genotoxicity, toxicokinetic and repeated dose 90-day oral toxicity studies in rodents. Numerous prevailing uncertainties with regard to <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> characterisation and their hazard and risk assessment are addressed in the guidance document. This article discusses the impact of these knowledge gaps on meeting the goal of ensuring human safety. The EFSA's guidance on the risk assessment of ENMs in food and animal feed is taken as an example for discussion, from the point of view of animal welfare, on what level of uncertainty should be considered acceptable for human safety assessment of products with non-medical applications, and whether animal testing should be considered ethically acceptable for such products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925445','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20925445"><span>Gene toxicity studies on titanium dioxide and zinc oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used for UV-protection in cosmetic formulations.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Landsiedel, Robert; Ma-Hock, Lan; Van Ravenzwaay, Ben; Schulz, Markus; Wiench, Karin; Champ, Samantha; Schulte, Stefan; Wohlleben, Wendel; Oesch, Franz</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Titanium dioxide and zinc oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, used as UV protecting agents in sunscreens, were investigated for their potential genotoxicity in in vitro and in vivo test systems. Since standard OECD test methods are designed for soluble materials and genotoxicity testing for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is still under revision, a battery of standard tests was used, covering different endpoints. Additionally, a procedure to disperse the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the test media and careful characterization of the dispersed test item was added to the testing methods. No genotoxicity was observed in vitro (Ames' Salmonella gene mutation test and V79 micronucleus chromosome mutation test) or in vivo (mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and Comet DNA damage assay in lung cells from rats exposed by inhalation). These results add to the still limited data <span class="hlt">base</span> on genotoxicity test results with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and provide congruent results of a battery of standard OECD test methods applied to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892035','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22892035"><span>Toxicity, Uptake, and Translocation of Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Vascular plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miralles, Pola; Church, Tamara L; Harris, Andrew T</p> <p>2012-09-04</p> <p>To exploit the promised benefits of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, it is necessary to improve our knowledge of their bioavailability and toxicity. The interactions between engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and vascular plants are of particular concern, as plants closely interact with soil, water, and the atmosphere, and constitute one of the main routes of exposure for higher species, i.e. accumulation through the food chain. A review of the current literature shows contradictory evidence on the phytotoxicity of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The mechanisms by which engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> penetrate plants are not well understood, and further research on their interactions with vascular plants is required to enable the field of phytotoxicology to keep pace with that of nanotechnology, the rapid evolution of which constantly produces new materials and applications that accelerate the environmental release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740672','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29740672"><span>Visual colorimetric detection of tin(II) and nitrite using a molybdenum oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> three-input logic gate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Du, Jiayan; Zhao, Mengxin; Huang, Wei; Deng, Yuequan; He, Yi</p> <p>2018-05-09</p> <p>We report a molybdenum oxide (MoO 3 ) <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> three-input logic gate that uses Sn 2+ , NO 2 - , and H + ions as inputs. Under acidic conditions, Sn 2+ is able to reduce MoO 3 nanosheets, generating oxygen-vacancy-rich MoO 3-x <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> along with strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and an intense blue solution as the output signal. When NO 2 - is introduced, the redox reaction between the MoO 3 nanosheets and Sn 2+ is strongly inhibited because the NO 2 - consumes both H + and Sn 2+ . The three-input logic gate was employed for the visual colorimetric detection of Sn 2+ and NO 2 - under different input states. The colorimetric assay's limit of detection for Sn 2+ and the lowest concentration of NO 2 - detectable by the assay were found to be 27.5 nM and 0.1 μM, respectively. The assay permits the visual detection of Sn 2+ and NO 2 - down to concentrations as low as 2 μM and 25 μM, respectively. The applicability of the logic-gate-<span class="hlt">based</span> colorimetric assay was demonstrated by using it to detect Sn 2+ and NO 2 - in several water sources.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25910977','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25910977"><span>Mobility of coated and uncoated TiO2 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in soil columns--Applicability of the tests methods of OECD TG 312 and 106 for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nickel, Carmen; Gabsch, Stephan; Hellack, Bryan; Nogowski, Andre; Babick, Frank; Stintz, Michael; Kuhlbusch, Thomas A J</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are commonly used in everyday life products and during their life cycle they can be released into the environment. Soils and sediments are estimated as significant sinks for those <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. To investigate and assess the behaviour of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in soils and sediments standardized test methods are needed. In this study the applicability of two existing international standardized test guidelines for the testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, OECD TG 106 "Adsorption/Desorption using a Bath Equilibrium Method" and the OECD TG 312 "Leaching in Soil Columns", were investigated. For the study one coated and two uncoated TiO2 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were used, respectively. The results indicate that the OECD TG 106 is not applicable for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. However, the test method according to OECD TG 312 was found to be applicable if nano-specific adaptations are applied. The mobility investigations of the OECD TG 312 indicated a material-dependent mobility of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, which in some cases may lead to an accumulation in the upper soil layers. Whereas no significant transport was observed for the uncoated materials for the double-coated material (coating with dimethicone and aluminiumoxide) a significant transport was detected and attributed to the coating. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19...61W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19...61W"><span>Reliable <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> classification of powders using the volume-specific surface area method</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wohlleben, Wendel; Mielke, Johannes; Bianchin, Alvise; Ghanem, Antoine; Freiberger, Harald; Rauscher, Hubert; Gemeinert, Marion; Hodoroaba, Vasile-Dan</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>The volume-specific surface area (VSSA) of a particulate material is one of two apparently very different metrics recommended by the European Commission for a definition of "<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>" for regulatory purposes: specifically, the VSSA metric may classify <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and non-<span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> differently than the median size in number metrics, depending on the chemical composition, size, polydispersity, shape, porosity, and aggregation of the particles in the powder. Here we evaluate the extent of agreement between classification by electron microscopy (EM) and classification by VSSA on a large set of diverse particulate substances that represent all the anticipated challenges except mixtures of different substances. EM and VSSA are determined in multiple labs to assess also the level of reproducibility. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the results obtained on highly characterized benchmark materials from the NanoDefine EU FP7 project, we derive a tiered screening strategy for the purpose of implementing the definition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We finally apply the screening strategy to further industrial materials, which were classified correctly and left only borderline cases for EM. On platelet-shaped <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, VSSA is essential to prevent false-negative classification by EM. On porous materials, approaches involving extended adsorption isotherms prevent false positive classification by VSSA. We find no false negatives by VSSA, neither in Tier 1 nor in Tier 2, despite real-world industrial polydispersity and diverse composition, shape, and coatings. The VSSA screening strategy is recommended for inclusion in a technical guidance for the implementation of the definition.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5854963','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5854963"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-Based</span> Sensing and Biosensing of Phenolic Compounds and Related Antioxidant Capacity in Food</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Polyphenolic compounds (PCs) have received exceptional attention at the end of the past millennium and as much at the beginning of the new one. Undoubtedly, these compounds in foodstuffs provide added value for their well-known health benefits, for their technological role and also marketing. Many efforts have been made to provide simple, effective and user friendly analytical methods for the determination and antioxidant capacity (AOC) evaluation of food polyphenols. In a parallel track, over the last twenty years, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (NMs) have made their entry in the analytical chemistry domain; NMs have, in fact, opened new paths for the development of analytical methods with the common aim to improve analytical performance and sustainability, becoming new tools in quality assurance of food and beverages. The aim of this review is to provide information on the most recent developments of new NMs-<span class="hlt">based</span> tools and strategies for total polyphenols (TP) determination and AOC evaluation in food. In this review optical, electrochemical and bioelectrochemical approaches have been reviewed. The use of nanoparticles, quantum dots, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and hybrid materials for the detection of polyphenols is the main subject of the works reported. However, particular attention has been paid to the success of the application in real samples, in addition to the NMs. In particular, the discussion has been focused on methods/devices presenting, in the opinion of the authors, clear advancement in the fields, in terms of simplicity, rapidity and usability. This review aims to demonstrate how the NM-<span class="hlt">based</span> approaches represent valid alternatives to classical methods for polyphenols analysis, and are mature to be integrated for the rapid quality assessment of food quality in lab or directly in the field. PMID:29401719</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........21S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT........21S"><span>Multifunctional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for advanced molecular imaging and cancer therapy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Subramaniam, Prasad</p> <p></p> <p>Nanotechnology offers tremendous potential for use in biomedical applications, including cancer and stem cell imaging, disease diagnosis and drug delivery. The development of nanosystems has aided in understanding the molecular mechanisms of many diseases and permitted the controlled nanoscale manipulation of biological phenomena. In recent years, many studies have focused on the use of several kinds of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for cancer and stem cell imaging and also for the delivery of anticancer therapeutics to tumor cells. However, the proper diagnosis and treatment of aggressive tumors such as brain and breast cancer requires highly sensitive diagnostic agents, in addition to the ability to deliver multiple therapeutics using a single platform to the target cells. Addressing these challenges, novel multifunctional <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> platforms that incorporate multiple therapeutic and diagnostic agents, with superior molecular imaging and targeting capabilities, has been presented in this work. The initial part of this work presents the development of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with superior optical properties for efficiently delivering soluble cues such as small interfering RNA (siRNA) into brain cancer cells with minimal toxicity. Specifically, this section details the development of non-toxic quantums dots for the imaging and delivery of siRNA into brain cancer and mesenchymal stem cells, with the hope of using these quantum dots as multiplexed imaging and delivery vehicles. The use of these quantum dots could overcome the toxicity issues associated with the use of conventional quantum dots, enabled the imaging of brain cancer and stem cells with high efficiency and allowed for the delivery of siRNA to knockdown the target oncogene in brain cancer cells. The latter part of this thesis details the development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> drug delivery platforms for the co-delivery of multiple anticancer drugs to brain tumor cells. In particular, this part of the thesis focuses on</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090007953','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20090007953"><span>Novel Carbon Dioxide Microsensor <span class="hlt">Based</span> on Tin Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Doped With Copper Oxide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Xu, Jennifer C.; Hunter, Gary W.; Lukco, Dorothy; Liu, Chung-Chiun; Ward, Benjamin J.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of the major indicators of fire and therefore its measurement is very important for low-false-alarm fire detection and emissions monitoring. However, only a limited number of CO2 sensing materials exist due to the high chemical stability of CO2. In this work, a novel CO2 microsensor <span class="hlt">based</span> on nanocrystalline tin oxide (SnO2) doped with copper oxide (CuO) has been successfully demonstrated. The CuO-SnO2 <span class="hlt">based</span> CO2 microsensors are fabricated by means of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) technology and sol-gel <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-synthesis processes. At a doping level of CuO: SnO2 = 1:8 (molar ratio), the resistance of the sensor has a linear response to CO2 concentrations for the range of 1 to 4 percent CO2 in air at 450 C. This approach has demonstrated the use of SnO2, typically used for the detection of reducing gases, in the detection of an oxidizing gas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664709','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21664709"><span>Emerging roles of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the food industry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morris, V J</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>Nanoscience is the study of phenomena and the manipulation of materials at the atomic or molecular level. Nanotechnology involves the design, production and use of structures through control of the size and shape of the materials at the nanometre scale. Nanotechnology in the food sector is an emerging area with considerable research and potential products. There is particular interest in the definition and regulation of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This term covers three classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: natural and processed nanostructures in foods; particulate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> metabolized or excreted on digestion; and particulate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> not broken down on digestion, which accumulate in the body. This review describes examples of these classes and their likely status in the food industry. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........37H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........37H"><span>Substrate-<span class="hlt">Based</span> Noble-Metal <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Shape Engineering and Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hajfathalian, Maryam</p> <p></p> <p>Nanostructures have potential for use in state-of-the-art applications such as sensing, imaging, therapeutics, drug delivery, and electronics. The ability to fabricate and engineer these nanoscale materials is essential for the continued development of such devices. Because the morphological features of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> play a key role in determining chemical and physical properties, there is great interest in developing and improving methods capable of controlling their size, shape, and composition. While noble nanoparticles have opened the door to promising applications in fields such as imaging, cancer targeting, photothermal treatment, drug delivery, catalysis and sensing, the synthetic processes required to form these nanoparticles on surfaces are not well-developed. Herein is a detailed account on efforts for adapting established solution-<span class="hlt">based</span> seed-mediated synthetic protocols to structure in a substrate-<span class="hlt">based</span> platform. These syntheses start by (i) defining heteroepitaxially oriented nanostructured seeds at site-specific locations using lithographic or directed-assembly techniques, and then (ii) transforming the seeds using either a solution or vapor phase processing route to activate kinetically- or thermodynamically-driven growth modes, to arrive at nanocrystals with complex and useful geometries. The first series of investigations highlight synthesis-routes <span class="hlt">based</span> on heterogeneous nucleation, where templates serve as nucleation sites for metal atoms arriving in the vapor phase. In the first research direction, the vapor-phase heterogeneous nucleation of Ag on Au was carried out at high temperatures, where the Ag vapor was sourced from a sublimating foil onto adjacent Au templates. This process transformed both the composition and morphology of the initial Au Wulff-shaped nanocrystals to a homogeneous AuAg nanoprism. In the second case, the vapor-phase heterogeneous nucleation of Cu atoms on Au nanocrystal templates was investigated by placing a Cu foil next</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4311253','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4311253"><span>Fabrication of heterogeneous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> array by programmable heating and chemical supply within microfluidic platform towards multiplexed gas sensing application</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yang, Daejong; Kang, Kyungnam; Kim, Donghwan; Li, Zhiyong; Park, Inkyu</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>A facile top-down/bottom-up hybrid nanofabrication process <span class="hlt">based</span> on programmable temperature control and parallel chemical supply within microfluidic platform has been developed for the all liquid-phase synthesis of heterogeneous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> arrays. The synthesized materials and locations can be controlled by local heating with integrated microheaters and guided liquid chemical flow within microfluidic platform. As proofs-of-concept, we have demonstrated the synthesis of two types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> arrays: (i) parallel array of TiO2 nanotubes, CuO nanospikes and ZnO nanowires, and (ii) parallel array of ZnO nanowire/CuO nanospike hybrid nanostructures, CuO nanospikes and ZnO nanowires. The laminar flow with negligible ionic diffusion between different precursor solutions as well as localized heating was verified by numerical calculation and experimental result of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> array synthesis. The devices made of heterogeneous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> array were utilized as a multiplexed sensor for toxic gases such as NO2 and CO. This method would be very useful for the facile fabrication of functional nanodevices <span class="hlt">based</span> on highly integrated arrays of heterogeneous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. PMID:25634814</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25335463','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25335463"><span>Regulating the electrical behaviors of 2D inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for energy applications.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feng, Feng; Wu, Junchi; Wu, Changzheng; Xie, Yi</p> <p>2015-02-11</p> <p>Recent years have witnessed great developments in inorganic 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for their unique dimensional confinement and diverse electronic energy bands. Precisely regulating their intrinsic electrical behaviors would bring superior electrical conductivity, rendering 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> ideal candidates for active materials in electrochemical applications when combined with the excellent reaction activity from the inorganic lattice. This Concept focuses on highly conducting inorganic 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including intrinsic metallic 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and artificial highly conductive 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The intrinsic metallicity of 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is derived from their closely packed atomic structures that ensure maximum overlapping of electron orbitals, while artificial highly conductive 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> could be achieved by designed methodologies of surface modification, intralayer ion doping, and lattice strain, in which atomic-scale structural modulation plays a vital role in realizing conducting behaviors. Benefiting from fast electron transfer, high reaction activity, as well as large surface areas arising from the 2D inorganic lattice, highly conducting 2D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> open up prospects for enhancing performance in electrochemical catalysis and electrochemical capacitors. Conductive 2D inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> promise higher efficiency for electrochemical applications of energy conversion and storage. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhDT........12S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhDT........12S"><span>Design and Optimization of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Sensing Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sanderson, Robert Noboru</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, materials with one or more of their dimensions on the nanoscale, have emerged as an important field in the development of next-generation sensing systems. Their high surface-to-volume ratio makes them useful for sensing, but also makes them sensitive to processing defects and inherent material defects. To develop and optimize these systems, it is thus necessary to characterize these defects to understand their origin and how to work around them. Scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) are important characterization methods which can measure nanoscale topography and electronic structure. These methods are appealing in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> systems because they are non-damaging and provide local, high-resolution data, and so are capable of detecting nanoscale features such as single defect sites. There are difficulties, however, in the interpretation of SPM data. For instance, AFM-<span class="hlt">based</span> methods are prone to experimental artifacts due to long-range interactions, such as capacitive crosstalk in Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM), and artifacts due to the finite size of the probe tip, such as incorrect surface tracking at steep topographical features. Mechanical characterization (via force spectroscopy) of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with significant nanoscale variations, such as tethered lipid bilayer membranes (tLBMs), is also difficult since variations in the bulk system's mechanical behavior must be distinguished from local fluctuations. Additionally, interpretation of STM data is non-trivial due to local variations in electron density in addition to topographical variations. In this thesis we overcome some limitations of SPM methods by supplementing them with additional surface analytical methods as well as computational methods, and we characterize several <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> systems. Current-carrying vapor-liquid-solid Si nanowires (useful for interdigitated-electrode-<span class="hlt">based</span> sensors) are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2009G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MS%26E...98a2009G"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in consumer's goods: the problems of risk assessment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gmoshinski, I. V.; Khotimchenko, S. A.</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology and engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are currently used in wide variety of cosmetic products, while their use in food industry, packaging materials, household chemicals etc. still includes a limited number of items and does not show a significant upward trend. However, the problem of priority <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> associated risks is relevant due to their high production volumes and an constantly growing burden on the environment and population. In accordance with the frequency of use in mass-produced consumer goods, leading priority <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are silver nanoparticles (NPs) and (by a wide margin) NPs of gold, platinum, and titanium dioxide. Frequency of nanosized silica introduction into food products as a food additive, at the moment, seems to be underestimated, since the use of this <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> is not declared by manufacturers of products and objective control of its content is difficult. Analysis of literature data on toxicological properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> shows that currently accumulated amount of information is sufficient to establish the safe doses of nanosized silver, gold and titanium dioxide. Data have been provided in a series of studies concerning the effect of oral intake of nanosized silica on the condition of laboratory animals, including on the performance of the immune system. The article examines the existing approaches to the assessment of population exposure to priority <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, characteristics of existing problems and risk management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3215190','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3215190"><span>Anisotropic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: structure, growth, assembly, and functions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sajanlal, Panikkanvalappil R.; Sreeprasad, Theruvakkattil S.; Samal, Akshaya K.; Pradeep, Thalappil</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Comprehensive knowledge over the shape of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is a critical factor in designing devices with desired functions. Due to this reason, systematic efforts have been made to synthesize materials of diverse shape in the nanoscale regime. Anisotropic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are a class of materials in which their properties are direction-dependent and more than one structural parameter is needed to describe them. Their unique and fine-tuned physical and chemical properties make them ideal candidates for devising new applications. In addition, the assembly of ordered one-dimensional (1D), two-dimensional (2D), and three-dimensional (3D) arrays of anisotropic nanoparticles brings novel properties into the resulting system, which would be entirely different from the properties of individual nanoparticles. This review presents an overview of current research in the area of anisotropic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in general and noble metal nanoparticles in particular. We begin with an introduction to the advancements in this area followed by general aspects of the growth of anisotropic nanoparticles. Then we describe several important synthetic protocols for making anisotropic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, followed by a summary of their assemblies, and conclude with major applications. PMID:22110867</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28463533','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28463533"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Craniofacial and Dental Tissue Engineering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, G; Zhou, T; Lin, S; Shi, S; Lin, Y</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Tissue engineering shows great potential as a future treatment for the craniofacial and dental defects caused by trauma, tumor, and other diseases. Due to the biomimetic features and excellent physiochemical properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are of vital importance in promoting cell growth and stimulating tissue regeneration in tissue engineering. For craniofacial and dental tissue engineering, the frequently used <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> include nanoparticles, nanofibers, nanotubes, and nanosheets. Nanofibers are attractive for cell invasion and proliferation because of their resemblance to extracellular matrix and the presence of large pores, and they have been used as scaffolds in bone, cartilage, and tooth regeneration. Nanotubes and nanoparticles improve the mechanical and chemical properties of scaffold, increase cell attachment and migration, and facilitate tissue regeneration. In addition, nanofibers and nanoparticles are also used as a delivery system to carry the bioactive agent in bone and tooth regeneration, have better control of the release speed of agent upon degradation of the matrix, and promote tissue regeneration. Although applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in tissue engineering remain in their infancy with numerous challenges to face, the current results indicate that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have massive potential in craniofacial and dental tissue engineering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25090251','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25090251"><span>Versatile in situ gas analysis apparatus for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> reactors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Meysami, Seyyed Shayan; Snoek, Lavina C; Grobert, Nicole</p> <p>2014-09-02</p> <p>We report a newly developed technique for the in situ real-time gas analysis of reactors commonly used for the production of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, by showing case-study results obtained using a dedicated apparatus for measuring the gas composition in reactors operating at high temperature (<1000 °C). The in situ gas-cooled sampling probe mapped the chemistry inside the high-temperature reactor, while suppressing the thermal decomposition of the analytes. It thus allows a more accurate study of the mechanism of progressive thermocatalytic cracking of precursors compared to previously reported conventional residual gas analyses of the reactor exhaust gas and hence paves the way for the controlled production of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with tailored properties. Our studies demonstrate that the composition of the precursors dynamically changes as they travel inside of the reactor, causing a nonuniform growth of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Moreover, mapping of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> reactor using quantitative gas analysis revealed the actual contribution of thermocatalytic cracking and a quantification of individual precursor fragments. This information is particularly important for quality control of the produced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and for the recycling of exhaust residues, ultimately leading toward a more cost-effective continuous production of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in large quantities. Our case study of multiwall carbon nanotube synthesis was conducted using the probe in conjunction with chemical vapor deposition (CVD) techniques. Given the similarities of this particular CVD setup to other CVD reactors and high-temperature setups generally used for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> synthesis, the concept and methodology of in situ gas analysis presented here does also apply to other systems, making it a versatile and widely applicable method across a wide range of materials/manufacturing methods, catalysis, as well as reactor design and engineering.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29549013','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29549013"><span>IR780 <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for cancer imaging and photothermal, photodynamic and combinatorial therapies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alves, Cátia G; Lima-Sousa, Rita; de Melo-Diogo, Duarte; Louro, Ricardo O; Correia, Ilídio J</p> <p>2018-05-05</p> <p>IR780, a molecule with a strong optical absorption and emission in the near infrared (NIR) region, is receiving an increasing attention from researchers working in the area of cancer treatment and imaging. Upon irradiation with NIR light, IR780 can produce reactive oxygen species as well as increase the body temperature, thus being a promising agent for application in cancer photodynamic and photothermal therapy. However, IR780's poor water solubility, fast clearance, acute toxicity and low tumor uptake may limit its use. To overcome such issues, several types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been used to encapsulate and deliver IR780 to tumor cells. This mini-review is focused on the application of IR780 <span class="hlt">based</span> nanostructures for cancer imaging, and photothermal, photodynamic and combinatorial therapies. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1218777','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1218777"><span>Microreactor-Assisted <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Deposition for Photovoltaic Thin-Film Production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>This factsheet describes a research project whose goal is to develop and demonstrate a scalable microreactor-assisted <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> deposition pilot platform for the production, purification, functionalization, and solution deposition of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for PV applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nanotechnology+AND+applications&pg=3&id=EJ823754','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nanotechnology+AND+applications&pg=3&id=EJ823754"><span>Development of a <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> One-Week Intersession Course</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Walters, Keith A.; Bullen, Heather A.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>A novel one-week intersession lecture-lab hybrid course on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is presented. The course provided a combination of background theory and hands-on laboratory experiments to educate students about <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanotechnology. The design of the course, subject matter, and laboratory experiments are discussed. Topics and level were…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22755040','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22755040"><span>Effect of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the germination and growth of rice plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nair, Remya; Mohamed, M Sheikh; Gao, Wei; Maekawa, Toru; Yoshida, Yasuhiko; Ajayan, Pulickel M; Kumar, D Sakthi</p> <p>2012-03-01</p> <p>For the successful diverse applications of different <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in life sciences, it is necessary to understand the ultimate fate, distribution and potential environmental impacts of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Phytotoxicity studies using higher plants is an important criterion for understanding the toxicity of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We studied the effects of engineered carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of various dimensionalities (carbon nanotubes, C60, graphene) on the germination of rice seeds. A pronounced increase in the rate of germination was observed for rice seeds in the presence of some of these carbon nanostructures, in particular the nanotubes. Increased water content was observed in the carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> treated seeds during germination compared to controls. The germinated seeds were then grown in a basal growth medium supplemented with carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for studying their impact on further seedling growth. Treated seedlings appeared to be healthier with well-developed root and shoot systems compared to control seedlings. Our results indicate the possible use for carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as enhancers in the growth of rice seedlings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28D5701N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017Nanot..28D5701N"><span>Optimal <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> concentration: harnessing percolation theory to enhance polymer nanocomposite performance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nadiv, Roey; Shtein, Michael; Shachar, Gal; Varenik, Maxim; Regev, Oren</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>A major challenge in nanocomposite research is to predict the optimal <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> concentration (ONC) yielding a maximal reinforcement in a given property. We present a simple approach to identify the ONC <span class="hlt">based</span> on our finding that it is typically located in close proximity to an abrupt increase in polymer matrix viscosity, termed the rheological percolation threshold, and thus may be used as an indicator of the ONC. This premise was validated by rheological and fractography studies of composites loaded by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including graphene nanoribbons or carbon or tungsten disulfide nanotubes. The correlation between in situ viscosity, the rheological percolation threshold concentration and the nanocomposite fractography demonstrates the utility of the method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28609298"><span>Optimal <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> concentration: harnessing percolation theory to enhance polymer nanocomposite performance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nadiv, Roey; Shtein, Michael; Shachar, Gal; Varenik, Maxim; Regev, Oren</p> <p>2017-07-28</p> <p>A major challenge in nanocomposite research is to predict the optimal <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> concentration (ONC) yielding a maximal reinforcement in a given property. We present a simple approach to identify the ONC <span class="hlt">based</span> on our finding that it is typically located in close proximity to an abrupt increase in polymer matrix viscosity, termed the rheological percolation threshold, and thus may be used as an indicator of the ONC. This premise was validated by rheological and fractography studies of composites loaded by <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including graphene nanoribbons or carbon or tungsten disulfide nanotubes. The correlation between in situ viscosity, the rheological percolation threshold concentration and the nanocomposite fractography demonstrates the utility of the method.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22131295','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22131295"><span>Health and safety implications of occupational exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Stebounova, Larissa V; Morgan, Hallie; Grassian, Vicki H; Brenner, Sara</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The rapid growth and commercialization of nanotechnology are currently outpacing health and safety recommendations for engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. As the production and use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> increase, so does the possibility that there will be exposure of workers and the public to these materials. This review provides a summary of current research and regulatory efforts related to occupational exposure and medical surveillance for the nanotechnology workforce, focusing on the most prevalent industrial <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> currently moving through the research, development, and manufacturing pipelines. Their applications and usage precedes a discussion of occupational health and safety efforts, including exposure assessment, occupational health surveillance, and regulatory considerations for these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=198088&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=hull&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=198088&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=hull&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Assessing the Implications of Modified <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Bioassay Testing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>As nanotechnology advances to product development, filling environmental health and safety knowledge gaps is critical. Nanotoxicology is over-generalized, provided the permutations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> variants created by the classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (carbonaceous, metals, quantum dot...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...510886G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015NatSR...510886G"><span>Surface Curvature Relation to Protein Adsorption for Carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gu, Zonglin; Yang, Zaixing; Chong, Yu; Ge, Cuicui; Weber, Jeffrey K.; Bell, David R.; Zhou, Ruhong</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The adsorption of proteins onto carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CBNs) is dictated by hydrophobic and π-π interactions between aliphatic and aromatic residues and the conjugated CBN surface. Accordingly, protein adsorption is highly sensitive to topological constraints imposed by CBN surface structure; in particular, adsorption capacity is thought to increase as the incident surface curvature decreases. In this work, we couple Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations with fluorescence spectroscopy experiments to characterize this curvature dependence in detail for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA). By studying BSA adsorption onto carbon nanotubes of increasing radius (featuring descending local curvatures) and a flat graphene sheet, we confirm that adsorption capacity is indeed enhanced on flatter surfaces. Naïve fluorescence experiments featuring multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), however, conform to an opposing trend. To reconcile these observations, we conduct additional MD simulations with MWCNTs that match those prepared in experiments; such simulations indicate that increased mass to surface area ratios in multi-walled systems explain the observed discrepancies. In reduction, our work substantiates the inverse relationship between protein adsorption capacity and surface curvature and further demonstrates the need for subtle consideration in experimental and simulation design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5335944','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5335944"><span>Emerging Cytokine Biosensors with Optical Detection Modalities and <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-Enabled Signal Enhancement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Singh, Manpreet; Truong, Johnson; Reeves, W. Brian; Hahm, Jong-in</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Protein biomarkers, especially cytokines, play a pivotal role in the diagnosis and treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases. Therefore, a critical need for advanced cytokine sensors has been rapidly growing and will continue to expand to promote clinical testing, new biomarker development, and disease studies. In particular, sensors employing transduction principles of various optical modalities have emerged as the most common means of detection. In typical cytokine assays which are <span class="hlt">based</span> on the binding affinities between the analytes of cytokines and their specific antibodies, optical schemes represent the most widely used mechanisms, with some serving as the gold standard against which all existing and new sensors are benchmarked. With recent advancements in nanoscience and nanotechnology, many of the recently emerging technologies for cytokine detection exploit various forms of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for improved sensing capabilities. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have been demonstrated to exhibit exceptional optical properties unique to their reduced dimensionality. Novel sensing approaches <span class="hlt">based</span> on the newly identified properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have shown drastically improved performances in both the qualitative and quantitative analyses of cytokines. This article brings together the fundamentals in the literature that are central to different optical modalities developed for cytokine detection. Recent advancements in the applications of novel technologies are also discussed in terms of those that enable highly sensitive and multiplexed cytokine quantification spanning a wide dynamic range. For each highlighted optical technique, its current detection capabilities as well as associated challenges are discussed. Lastly, an outlook for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> cytokine sensors is provided from the perspective of optimizing the technologies for sensitivity and multiplexity as well as promoting widespread adaptations of the emerging optical techniques by lowering high thresholds currently</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.9919M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.9919M"><span>How should the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data be evaluated?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Marchese Robinson, Richard L.; Lynch, Iseult; Peijnenburg, Willie; Rumble, John; Klaessig, Fred; Marquardt, Clarissa; Rauscher, Hubert; Puzyn, Tomasz; Purian, Ronit; Åberg, Christoffer; Karcher, Sandra; Vriens, Hanne; Hoet, Peter; Hoover, Mark D.; Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Harper, Stacey L.</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology is of increasing significance. Curation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data into electronic databases offers opportunities to better understand and predict <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' behaviour. This supports innovation in, and regulation of, nanotechnology. It is commonly understood that curated data need to be sufficiently complete and of sufficient quality to serve their intended purpose. However, assessing data completeness and quality is non-trivial in general and is arguably especially difficult in the nanoscience area, given its highly multidisciplinary nature. The current article, part of the <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Data Curation Initiative series, addresses how to assess the completeness and quality of (curated) <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. In order to address this key challenge, a variety of related issues are discussed: the meaning and importance of data completeness and quality, existing approaches to their assessment and the key challenges associated with evaluating the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. Considerations which are specific to the nanoscience area and lessons which can be learned from other relevant scientific disciplines are considered. Hence, the scope of this discussion ranges from physicochemical characterisation requirements for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and interference of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with nanotoxicology assays to broader issues such as minimum information checklists, toxicology data quality schemes and computational approaches that facilitate evaluation of the completeness and quality of (curated) data. This discussion is informed by a literature review and a survey of key <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data curation stakeholders. Finally, drawing upon this discussion, recommendations are presented concerning the central question: how should the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data be evaluated?Nanotechnology is of increasing significance. Curation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data into electronic databases offers opportunities to better understand and predict</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22266191-fabrication-functional-nanomaterials-using-flame-assisted-spray-pyrolysis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22266191-fabrication-functional-nanomaterials-using-flame-assisted-spray-pyrolysis"><span>Fabrication of functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using flame assisted spray pyrolysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Purwanto, Agus, E-mail: aguspur@uns.ac.id</p> <p>2014-02-24</p> <p>Flame assisted spray pyrolysis (FASP) is a class of synthesis method for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> fabrication. The ability to control <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> characteristics and easy to be-scaled up are the main features of FASP. The crystallinity and particles size of the prepared <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be easily controlled by variation of fuel flow rate. The precursor concentration, carrier gas flow rate, and carrier gas can be also used to control the prepared <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Energy related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> preparation uses as the example case in FASP application. These material are yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG:Ce) and tungsten oxide (WO{sub 3}). It needs strategies to produce these materialsmore » into nano-sized order. YAG:Ce nanoparticles only can be synthesized by FASP using the urea addition. The decomposition of urea under high temperature of flame promotes the breakage of YAG:Ce particles into nanoparticles. In the preparation of WO{sub 3}, the high temperature flame can be used to gasify WO{sub 3} solid material. As a result, WO{sub 3} nanoparticles can be prepared easily. Generally, to produce nanoparticles via FASP method, the boiling point of the material is important to determine the strategy which will be used.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26319162','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26319162"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> towards fabrication of cholesterol biosensors: Key roles and design approaches.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Saxena, Urmila; Das, Asim Bikas</p> <p>2016-01-15</p> <p>Importance of cholesterol biosensors is already recognized in the clinical diagnosis of cardiac and brain vascular diseases as discernible from the enormous amount of research in this field. Nevertheless, the practical application of a majority of the fabricated cholesterol biosensors is ordinarily limited by their inadequate performance in terms of one or more analytical parameters including stability, sensitivity and detection limit. Nanoscale materials offer distinctive size tunable electronic, catalytic and optical properties which opened new opportunities for designing highly efficient biosensor devices. Incorporation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biosensing devices has found to improve the electroactive surface, electronic conductivity and biocompatibility of the electrode surfaces which then improves the analytical performance of the biosensors. Here we have reviewed recent advances in <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> cholesterol biosensors. Foremost, the diverse roles of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in these sensor systems have been discussed. Later, we have exhaustively explored the strategies used for engineering cholesterol biosensors with nanotubes, nanoparticles and nanocomposites. Finally, this review concludes with future outlook signifying some challenges of these nanoengineered cholesterol sensors. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992434','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25992434"><span>Smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, Soonmo; Tripathi, Anuj; Singh, Deepti</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has become important in various disciplines of technology and science. It has proven to be a potential candidate for various applications ranging from biosensors to the delivery of genes and therapeutic agents to tissue engineering. Scaffolds for every application can be tailor made to have the appropriate physicochemical properties that will influence the in vivo system in the desired way. For highly sensitive and precise detection of specific signals or pathogenic markers, or for sensing the levels of particular analytes, fabricating target-specific <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be very useful. Multi-functional nano-devices can be fabricated using different approaches to achieve multi-directional patterning in a scaffold with the ability to alter topographical cues at scale of less than or equal to 100 nm. Smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are made to understand the surrounding environment and act accordingly by either protecting the drug in hostile conditions or releasing the "payload" at the intended intracellular target site. All of this is achieved by exploiting polymers for their functional groups or incorporating conducting materials into a natural biopolymer to obtain a "smart material" that can be used for detection of circulating tumor cells, detection of differences in the body analytes, or repair of damaged tissue by acting as a cell culture scaffold. Nanotechnology has changed the nature of diagnosis and treatment in the biomedical field, and this review aims to bring together the most recent advances in smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481952','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29481952"><span>Engineered chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: Bioactivities, mechanisms and perspectives in plant protection and growth.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kumaraswamy, R V; Kumari, Sarita; Choudhary, Ram Chandra; Pal, Ajay; Raliya, Ramesh; Biswas, Pratim; Saharan, Vinod</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>Excessive use of agrochemicals for enhancing crop production and its protection posed environmental and health concern. Integration of advanced technology is required to realize the concept of precision agriculture by minimizing the input of pesticides and fertilizers per unit while improving the crop productivity. Notably, chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> biodegradable <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (NMs) including nanoparticles, nanogels and nanocomposites have eventually proceeded as a key choice in agriculture due to their inimitable properties like antimicrobial and plant growth promoting activities. The foreseeable role of chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> NMs in plants might be in achieving sustainable plant growth through boosting the intrinsic potential of plants. In-spite of the fact that chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> NMs abode immense biological activities in plants, these materials have not yet been widely adopted in agriculture due to poor understanding of their bioactivity and modes of action towards pathogenic microbes and in plant protection and growth. To expedite the anticipated claims of chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> NMs, it is imperative to line up all the possible bioactivities which denote for sustainable agriculture. Herein, we have highlighted, in-depth, various chitosan <span class="hlt">based</span> NMs which have been used in plant growth and protection mainly against fungi, bacteria and viruses and have also explained their modes of action. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=238650&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=silver+AND+nanoparticles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=238650&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=silver+AND+nanoparticles&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Silver <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Murine Macrophages</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Silver <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are increasingly used as antimicrobial agents in a variety of products. Although there is considerable potential for human exposure to these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, little is known about the health risks associated with their use. Macrophages are prominent immune cell...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383334','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22383334"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for advanced energy conversion and storage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dai, Liming; Chang, Dong Wook; Baek, Jong-Beom; Lu, Wen</p> <p>2012-04-23</p> <p>It is estimated that the world will need to double its energy supply by 2050. Nanotechnology has opened up new frontiers in materials science and engineering to meet this challenge by creating new materials, particularly carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, for efficient energy conversion and storage. Comparing to conventional energy materials, carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> possess unique size-/surface-dependent (e.g., morphological, electrical, optical, and mechanical) properties useful for enhancing the energy-conversion and storage performances. During the past 25 years or so, therefore, considerable efforts have been made to utilize the unique properties of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, as energy materials, and tremendous progress has been achieved in developing high-performance energy conversion (e.g., solar cells and fuel cells) and storage (e.g., supercapacitors and batteries) devices. This article reviews progress in the research and development of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> during the past twenty years or so for advanced energy conversion and storage, along with some discussions on challenges and perspectives in this exciting field. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSM.V43D..06R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AGUSM.V43D..06R"><span>Observations on the interaction of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with bacteria</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Raja, P. M.; Ajayan, P. M.; Nalamasu, O.; Sharma, A.</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>Large scale commercial manufacturing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> raises the important issue of their environmental fate. With increased production (estimated to be in million gallon range) the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interactions with environmental microbial ecology would be significant. However, there are scant studies that have addressed this concern. It is therefore essential to experimentally determine some fundamental parameters to ascertain any environmental stresses related to microbiological interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. There are concerns that such an interaction may be similar to the biogeochemical interactions of asbestos fibers, which continues to be an alarming environmental issue. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are newly emerging <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, with a wide range of potential electronic and medical applications. Though CNTs are dimensionally similar to the mineral fibers, they differ morphologically, and can possess different surface chemistries, capable of complex and varied biological interactions within the environment. In this study, we present experimental data that show discernible effects on microbial morphology, biofilm formation, substrate consumption rates and growth of Escherichia coli in the presence of carbon nanotubes with the aim of developing a fundamental understanding of the environmental implications of CNT-microbial interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435835','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23435835"><span>Prospects of <span class="hlt">nano-material</span> in breast cancer management.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Singh, A K; Pandey, A; Tewari, M; Kumar, R; Sharma, A; Pandey, H P; Shukla, H S</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Breast cancer evaluation and early diagnosis are core complexity worldwide and an ambiguity for scientists till date. <span class="hlt">Nano-materials</span> are innovative tools for rapid diagnosis and therapy, which may induce an immense result in the field of oncology. Their exceptional size-dependent properties make them special and superior materials and quite indispensable in several fields of the human activities. The major obstacle in finding cure for malignant breast cancer is to increase in development of resistances for tumors to the therapeutic treatments. The widespread mammo-graph particle is being developed by nations to diagnosis disease in primitive stage to decline the mortality rates caused by breast carcinoma. The advancement of nano-particle <span class="hlt">based</span> diagnostic tools facilitates in evaluation and provides encouraging development in breast cancer therapeutics. In this compact review, efforts have been made to compose the current advancements in the area of functional nano-particles. Furthermore, in vivo and in vitro applications of <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> in breast cancer management are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=319248','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=319248"><span>Food decontamination using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The research indicates that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including nanoemulsions are promising decontamination media for the reduction of food contaminating pathogens. The inhibitory effect of nanoparticles for pathogens could be due to deactivate cellular enzymes and DNA; disrupting of membrane permeability; and/...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4113196','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4113196"><span>Application of short-term inhalation studies to assess the inhalation toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background A standard short-term inhalation study (STIS) was applied for hazard assessment of 13 metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and micron-scale zinc oxide. Methods Rats were exposed to test material aerosols (ranging from 0.5 to 50 mg/m3) for five consecutive days with 14- or 21-day post-exposure observation. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and histopathological sections of the entire respiratory tract were examined. Pulmonary deposition and clearance and test material translocation into extra-pulmonary organs were assessed. Results Inhaled <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were found in the lung, in alveolar macrophages, and in the draining lymph nodes. Polyacrylate-coated silica was also found in the spleen, and both zinc oxides elicited olfactory epithelium necrosis. None of the other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> was recorded in extra-pulmonary organs. Eight <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> did not elicit pulmonary effects, and their no observed adverse effect concentrations (NOAECs) were at least 10 mg/m3. Five materials (coated nano-TiO2, both ZnO, both CeO2) evoked concentration-dependent transient pulmonary inflammation. Most effects were at least partially reversible during the post-exposure period. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the NOAECs that were derived from quantitative parameters, with BALF polymorphonuclear (PMN) neutrophil counts and total protein concentration being most sensitive, or from the severity of histopathological findings, the materials were ranked by increasing toxic potency into 3 grades: lower toxic potency: BaSO4; SiO2.acrylate (by local NOAEC); SiO2.PEG; SiO2.phosphate; SiO2.amino; nano-ZrO2; ZrO2.TODA; ZrO2.acrylate; medium toxic potency: SiO2.naked; higher toxic potency: coated nano-TiO2; nano-CeO2; Al-doped nano-CeO2; micron-scale ZnO; coated nano-ZnO (and SiO2.acrylate by systemic no observed effect concentration (NOEC)). Conclusion The STIS revealed the type of effects of 13 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and micron-scale ZnO, information on their toxic potency, and the location and reversibility of effects</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4894344','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4894344"><span>Fundamental Properties of One-Dimensional Zinc Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Implementations in Various Detection Modes of Enhanced Biosensing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hahm, Jong-in</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Recent bioapplications of one-dimensional (1D) zinc oxide (ZnO) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, despite the short development period, have shown promising signs as new sensors and assay platforms offering exquisite biomolecular sensitivity and selectivity. The incorporation of 1D ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has proven beneficial to various modes of biodetection owing to their inherent properties. The more widely explored electrochemical and electrical approaches tend to capitalize on the reduced physical dimensionality, yielding a high surface-to-volume ratio, as well as on the electrical properties of ZnO. The newer development of the use of 1D ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in fluorescence-<span class="hlt">based</span> biodetection exploits the innate optical property of their high anisotropy. This review considers stimulating research advances made to identify and understand fundamental properties of 1D ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and examines various biosensing modes utilizing them, while focusing on the unique optical properties of individual and ensembles of 1D ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> specifically pertaining to their bio-optical applications in simple and complex fluorescence assays. PMID:27215822</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1312658','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1312658"><span>Final Report: "Energetics of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Navrotsky, Alexandra; Ross, Nancy; Woodfield, Brian</p> <p>2015-02-14</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, solids with very small particle size, form the basis of new technologies that are revolutionizing fields such as energy, lighting, electronics, medical diagnostics, and drug delivery. These nanoparticles are different from conventional bulk materials in many ways we do not yet fully understand. This project focused on their structure and thermodynamics and emphasized the role of water in nanoparticle surfaces. Using a unique and synergistic combination of high-tech techniques—namely oxide melt solution calorimetry, cryogenic heat capacity measurements, and inelastic neutron scattering—this work has identified differences in structure, thermodynamic stability, and water behavior on nanoparticles as a function of compositionmore » and particle size. The systematics obtained increase the fundamental understanding needed to synthesize, retain, and apply these technologically important <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and to predict and tailor new materials for enhanced functionality, eventually leading to a more sustainable way of life. Highlights are reported on the following topics: surface energies, thermochemistry of nanoparticles, and changes in stability at the nanoscale; heat capacity models and the gapped phonon spectrum; control of pore structure, acid sites, and thermal stability in synthetic γ-aluminas; the lattice contribution is the same for bulk and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>; and inelastic neutron scattering studies of water on nanoparticle surfaces.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547819','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21547819"><span>Octanol-water distribution of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hristovski, Kiril D; Westerhoff, Paul K; Posner, Jonathan D</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The goal of this study was to examine the effects of pH and ionic strength on octanol-water distribution of five model engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Distribution experiments resulted in a spectrum of three broadly classified scenarios: distribution in the aqueous phase, distribution in the octanol, and distribution into the octanol-water interface. Two distribution coefficients were derived to describe the distribution of nanoparticles among octanol, water and their interface. The results show that particle surface charge, surface functionalization, and composition, as well as the solvent ionic strength and presence of natural organic matter, dramatically impact this distribution. Distributions of nanoparticles into the interface were significant for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that exhibit low surface charge in natural pH ranges. Increased ionic strengths also contributed to increased distributions of nanoparticle into the interface. Similarly to the octanol-water distribution coefficients, which represent a starting point in predicting the environmental fate, bioavailability and transport of organic pollutants, distribution coefficients such as the ones described in this study could help to easily predict the fate, bioavailability, and transport of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430138','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28430138"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as Assisted Matrix of Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Small Molecules.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Minghua; Yang, Xueqing; Yang, Yixin; Qin, Peige; Wu, Xiuru; Cai, Zongwei</p> <p>2017-04-21</p> <p>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a soft ionization method, coupling with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has become an indispensible tool for analyzing macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and polymers. However, the application of MALDI for the analysis of small molecules (<700 Da) has become the great challenge because of the interference from the conventional matrix in low mass region. To overcome this drawback, more attention has been paid to explore interference-free methods in the past decade. The technique of applying <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as matrix of laser desorption/ionization (LDI), also called <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-assisted laser desorption/ionization (<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-assisted LDI), has attracted considerable attention in the analysis of low-molecular weight compounds in TOF MS. This review mainly summarized the applications of different types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span>, metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> and metal-organic frameworks as assisted matrices for LDI in the analysis of small biological molecules, environmental pollutants and other low-molecular weight compounds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5408179','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5408179"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as Assisted Matrix of Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Small Molecules</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lu, Minghua; Yang, Xueqing; Yang, Yixin; Qin, Peige; Wu, Xiuru; Cai, Zongwei</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI), a soft ionization method, coupling with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF MS) has become an indispensible tool for analyzing macromolecules, such as peptides, proteins, nucleic acids and polymers. However, the application of MALDI for the analysis of small molecules (<700 Da) has become the great challenge because of the interference from the conventional matrix in low mass region. To overcome this drawback, more attention has been paid to explore interference-free methods in the past decade. The technique of applying <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as matrix of laser desorption/ionization (LDI), also called <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-assisted laser desorption/ionization (<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>-assisted LDI), has attracted considerable attention in the analysis of low-molecular weight compounds in TOF MS. This review mainly summarized the applications of different types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span>, metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> and metal-organic frameworks as assisted matrices for LDI in the analysis of small biological molecules, environmental pollutants and other low-molecular weight compounds. PMID:28430138</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......492S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhDT.......492S"><span>Experimental investigation of interactions between proteins and carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sengupta, Bishwambhar</p> <p></p> <p>The global market for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> products is forecasted to reach $1 trillion per annum per annum for 2015. Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) exhibit unique physicochemical properties with potential to impact diverse aspects of society through applications in electronics, renewable energy, and medicine. While the research and proposed applications of ENMs continue to grow rapidly, the health and safety of ENMs still remains a major concern to the public as well as to policy makers and funding agencies. It is now widely accepted that focused efforts are needed for identifying the list of physicochemical descriptors of ENM before they can be evaluated for nanotoxicity and biological response. This task is surprisingly challenging, as many physicochemical properties of ENMs are closely inter related and cannot be varied independently (e.g. increasing the size of an ENM can introduce additional defects). For example, varying toxic response may ensue due to different methods of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> preparation, dissimilar impurities and defects. Furthermore, the inadvertent coating of proteins on ENM surface in any biological milieu results in the formation of the so-called "protein/bio-corona" which can in turn alter the fate of ENMs and their biological response. Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (CNMs) such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and graphene oxide are widely used ENMs. It is now known that defects in CNMs play an important role not only in materials properties but also in the determination of how materials interact at the nano-bio interface. In this regard, this work investigates the influence of defect-induced hydrophilicity on the bio-corona formation using micro Raman, photoluminescence, infrared spectroscopy, electrochemistry, and molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show that the interaction of proteins (albumin and fibrinogen) with CNMs is strongly influenced by charge transfer between them, inducing protein unfolding which enhances conformational entropy and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1295295-electrochemical-sensors-biosensors-based-nanomaterials-nanostructures','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1295295-electrochemical-sensors-biosensors-based-nanomaterials-nanostructures"><span>Electrochemical Sensors and Biosensors <span class="hlt">Based</span> on <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Nanostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zhu, Chengzhou; Yang, Guohai; Li, He; ...</p> <p>2014-10-29</p> <p>We report that considerable attention has been devoted to the integration of recognition elements with electronic elements to develop electrochemical sensors and biosensors.Various electrochemical devices, such as amperometric sensors, electrochemical impedance sensors, and electrochemical luminescence sensors as well as photoelectrochemical sensors, provide wide applications in the detection of chemical and biological targets in terms of electrochemical change of electrode interfaces. Here, this review focuses on recent advances in electrochemical sensors and biosensors <span class="hlt">based</span> on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures during 2013 to 2014. The aim of this effort is to provide the reader with a clear and concise view of new advancesmore » in areas ranging from electrode engineering, strategies for electrochemical signal amplification, and novel electroanalytical techniques used in the miniaturization and integration of the sensors. Moreover, the authors have attempted to highlight areas of the latest and significant development of enhanced electrochemical nanosensors and nanobiosensors that inspire broader interests across various disciplines. Electrochemical sensors for small molecules, enzyme-<span class="hlt">based</span> biosensors, genosensors, immunosensors, and cytosensors are reviewed herein (Figure 1). Such novel advances are important for the development of electrochemical sensors that open up new avenues and methods for future research. In conclusion, we recommend readers interested in the general principles of electrochemical sensors and electrochemical methods to refer to other excellent literature for a broad scope in this area.(3, 4) However, due to the explosion of publications in this active field, we do not claim that this Review includes all of the published works in the past two years and we apologize to the authors of excellent work, which is unintentionally left out.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29772760','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29772760"><span>A Review of Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>' Synthesis via the Chemical Vapor Deposition (CVD) Method.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Manawi, Yehia M; Samara, Ayman; Al-Ansari, Tareq; Atieh, Muataz A</p> <p>2018-05-17</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been extensively used in many applications owing to their unique thermal, electrical and mechanical properties. One of the prime challenges is the production of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on a large scale. This review paper summarizes the synthesis of various carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> via the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. These carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> include fullerenes, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene, carbide-derived carbon (CDC), carbon nano-onion (CNO) and MXenes. Furthermore, current challenges in the synthesis and application of these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are highlighted with suggested areas for future research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-19/pdf/2013-14564.pdf','FEDREG'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-06-19/pdf/2013-14564.pdf"><span>78 FR 36784 - Survey of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Risk Management Practices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collection.action?collectionCode=FR">Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-06-19</p> <p>...-0010, Docket Number NIOSH-265] Survey of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Risk Management Practices AGENCY: National...), Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). ACTION: Proposed NIOSH Survey of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Risk Management... public meeting and opportunity for comment on a proposed NIOSH survey. The primary purpose of the survey...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27071683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27071683"><span>Solution-Processed Two-Dimensional Metal Dichalcogenide-<span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Energy Storage and Conversion.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cao, Xiehong; Tan, Chaoliang; Zhang, Xiao; Zhao, Wei; Zhang, Hua</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>The development of renewable energy storage and conversion devices is one of the most promising ways to address the current energy crisis, along with the global environmental concern. The exploration of suitable active materials is the key factor for the construction of highly efficient, highly stable, low-cost and environmentally friendly energy storage and conversion devices. The ability to prepare two-dimensional (2D) metal dichalcogenide (MDC) nanosheets and their functional composites in high yield and large scale via various solution-<span class="hlt">based</span> methods in recent years has inspired great research interests in their utilization for renewable energy storage and conversion applications. Here, we will summarize the recent advances of solution-processed 2D MDCs and their hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for energy storage and conversion applications, including rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors, electrocatalytic hydrogen generation and solar cells. Moreover, <span class="hlt">based</span> on the current progress, we will also give some personal insights on the existing challenges and future research directions in this promising field. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29071201','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29071201"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial-based</span> Microfluidic Chips for the Capture and Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sun, Duanping; Chen, Zuanguang; Wu, Minhao; Zhang, Yuanqing</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), a type of cancer cells that spreads from primary or metastatic tumors into the bloodstream, can lead to a new fatal metastasis. As a new type of liquid biopsy, CTCs have become a hot pursuit and detection of CTCs offers the possibility for early diagnosis of cancers, earlier evaluation of chemotherapeutic efficacy and cancer recurrence, and choice of individual sensitive anti-cancer drugs. The fundamental challenges of capturing and characterizing CTCs are the extremely low number of CTCs in the blood and the intrinsic heterogeneity of CTCs. A series of microfluidic devices have been proposed for the analysis of CTCs with automation capability, precise flow behaviors, and significant advantages over the conventional larger scale systems. This review aims to provide in-depth insights into CTCs analysis, including various <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> microfluidic chips for the capture and detection of CTCs <span class="hlt">based</span> on the specific biochemical and physical properties of CTCs. The current developmental trends and promising research directions in the establishment of microfluidic chips for the capture and detection of CTCs are also discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27562146','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27562146"><span>Gold <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Consumer Cosmetics Nanoproducts: Analyses, Characterization, and Dermal Safety Assessment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cao, Mingjing; Li, Jiayang; Tang, Jinglong; Chen, Chunying; Zhao, Yuliang</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Establishment of analytical methods of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in consumer products for their human and environmental risk assessment becomes urgent for both academic and industrial needs. Owing to the difficulties and challenges around <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in complex media, proper chemical separation and biological assays of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from nanoproducts needs to be firstly developed. Herein, a facile and rapid method to separate and analyze gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetics is reported. Gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are successfully separated from different facial or eye creams and their physiochemical properties are analyzed by quantitative and qualitative state-of-the art techniques with high sensitivity or high spatial resolution. In turn, a protocol including quantification of gold by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and thorough characterization of morphology, size distribution, and surface property by electron microscopes, atomic force microscope, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscope is developed. Subsequently, the preliminary toxicity assessment indicates that gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in cosmetic creams have no observable toxicity to human keratinocytes even after 24 h exposure up to a concentration of 200 μg mL -1 . The environmental scanning electron microscope reveals that gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are mostly attached on the cell membrane. Thus, the present study provides a full analysis protocol for toxicity assessment of gold <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in consumer products (cosmetic creams). © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1328704','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1328704"><span><span class="hlt">Nano-materials</span> for adhesive-free adsorbers for bakable extreme high vacuum cryopump surfaces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Stutzman, Marcy; Jordan, Kevin; Whitney, Roy R.</p> <p>2016-10-11</p> <p>A cryosorber panel having <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used for the cryosorption material, with <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> either grown directly on the cryopanel or freestanding <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> attached to the cryopanel mechanically without the use of adhesives. Such <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> cryosorber materials can be used in place of conventional charcoals that are attached to cryosorber panels with special low outgassing, low temperature capable adhesives. Carbon nanotubes and other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> could serve the same purpose as conventional charcoal cryosorbers, providing a large surface area for cryosorption without the need for adhesive since the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be grown directly on a metallic substrate or mechanically attached. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> would be capable of being fully baked by heating above 100.degree. C., thereby eliminating water vapor from the system, eliminating adhesives from the system, and allowing a full bake of the system to reduce hydrogen outgassing, with the goal of obtaining extreme high vacuum where the pump can produce pressures below 1.times.10.sup.-12 Torr.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22783888','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22783888"><span>Analysis of the occupational, consumer and environmental exposure to engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used in 10 technology sectors.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nowack, Bernd; Brouwer, Connie; Geertsma, Robert E; Heugens, Evelyn H W; Ross, Bryony L; Toufektsian, Marie-Claire; Wijnhoven, Susan W P; Aitken, Robert J</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Humans and the environment can come into contact with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through a wide range of applications during all stages of the life cycle of nanoproducts. The aim of this commentary is to present an assessment of the potential for exposure and thus identify possible environmental, health and safety (EHS) issues for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used in 10 technology sectors. We analysed all life cycle stages with regard to potential for exposure of workers, consumers/patients, and the environment. A wide variety of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are used of which many have negligible potential for exposure, while others have medium or even high potential for exposure. <span class="hlt">Based</span> on the likelihood of exposure, it appears that in general most attention should be paid to the agrifood, chemistry/materials, textiles and health sectors; and less to the information and communication technology (ICT), security and energy sectors. Toxicity and exposure are both important; however, the EHS impact of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is always dependent on their particular use.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273819','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29273819"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: certain aspects of application, risk assessment and risk communication.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Laux, Peter; Tentschert, Jutta; Riebeling, Christian; Braeuning, Albert; Creutzenberg, Otto; Epp, Astrid; Fessard, Valérie; Haas, Karl-Heinz; Haase, Andrea; Hund-Rinke, Kerstin; Jakubowski, Norbert; Kearns, Peter; Lampen, Alfonso; Rauscher, Hubert; Schoonjans, Reinhilde; Störmer, Angela; Thielmann, Axel; Mühle, Uwe; Luch, Andreas</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Development and market introduction of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> trigger the need for an adequate risk assessment of such products alongside suitable risk communication measures. Current application of classical and new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is analyzed in context of regulatory requirements and standardization for chemicals, food and consumer products. The challenges of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> characterization as the main bottleneck of risk assessment and regulation are presented. In some areas, e.g., quantification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> within complex matrices, the establishment and adaptation of analytical techniques such as laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and others are potentially suited to meet the requirements. As an example, we here provide an approach for the reliable characterization of human exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> resulting from food packaging. Furthermore, results of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity and ecotoxicity testing are discussed, with concluding key criteria such as solubility and fiber rigidity as important parameters to be considered in material development and regulation. Although an analysis of the public opinion has revealed a distinguished rating depending on the particular field of application, a rather positive perception of nanotechnology could be ascertained for the German public in general. An improvement of material characterization in both toxicological testing as well as end-product control was concluded as being the main obstacle to ensure not only safe use of materials, but also wide acceptance of this and any novel technology in the general public.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22417518','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22417518"><span>A brief review of the occurrence, use, and safety of food-related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Magnuson, Bernadene A; Jonaitis, Tomas S; Card, Jeffrey W</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have tremendous potential to enhance the food supply through novel applications, including nutrient and bioactive absorption and delivery systems; ingredient functionality; improved colors and flavors; microbial, allergen, and contaminant detection and control; and food packaging properties and performance. To determine the current state of knowledge regarding the safety of these potential uses of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, an appraisal of the published literature on the safety of food-related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> was undertaken. A method of assessment of reliability of toxicology studies was developed to conduct this appraisal. The review of the toxicology literature on oral exposure to food-related <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> found that the number of studies is limited. Exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the human food chain may occur not only through intentional uses in food manufacturing, but also via uses in agricultural production and carry over from use in other industries. Although a number of analytical methods are useful in physicochemical characterization of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, new methods may be needed to more fully detect and characterize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> incorporated into foods and in other media. There is a need for additional toxicology studies of sufficient quality and duration on different types of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to further our understanding of the characteristics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that affect safety of oral exposure resulting from use in various food applications. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...813437J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...813437J"><span>Volatile-nanoparticle-assisted optical visualization of individual carbon nanotubes and other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jian, Muqiang; Xie, Huanhuan; Wang, Qi; Xia, Kailun; Yin, Zhe; Zhang, Mingyu; Deng, Ningqin; Wang, Luning; Ren, Tianling; Zhang, Yingying</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has put forward high requirements for characterization techniques. Optical microscopy (OM), with easy accessibility and open operating spaces as compared to scanning electron microscopy, is a good choice to quickly locate materials and to be integrated with other equipment. However, OM is limited by its low resolution. Herein, we present a facile and non-destructive approach for optical observation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> under conventional OMs with the aid of volatile nanoparticles (NPs), which can be deposited and removed in a controlled manner. The NPs deposited on the surface of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> render strong light scattering to enable the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to become optically visible. For example, this approach enables the observation of individual carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with OMs at low magnification or even with the naked eye. Both supported CNTs on various substrates and suspended CNTs can be observed with this approach. Most importantly, the NPs can be completely removed through moderate heat treatment or laser irradiation, avoiding potential influence on the properties or subsequent applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Furthermore, we systematically investigate the deposition of various volatile NPs (up to 14 kinds) for the optical observation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We also demonstrated the application of this approach on other <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including nanowires and graphene. We showed that this approach is facile, controllable, non-destructive, and contamination-free, indicating wide potential applications.The development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has put forward high requirements for characterization techniques. Optical microscopy (OM), with easy accessibility and open operating spaces as compared to scanning electron microscopy, is a good choice to quickly locate materials and to be integrated with other equipment. However, OM is limited by its low resolution. Herein, we present a facile and non-destructive approach for optical observation of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......170P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......170P"><span>Catalytic applications of bio-inspired <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pacardo, Dennis Kien Balaong</p> <p></p> <p>The biomimetic synthesis of Pd nanoparticles was presented using the Pd4 peptide, TSNAVHPTLRHL, isolated from combinatorial phage display library. Using this approach, nearly monodisperse and spherical Pd nanoparticles were generated with an average diameter of 1.9 +/- 0.4 nm. The peptide-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanocatalyst were employed in the Stille coupling reaction under energy-efficient and environmentally friendly reaction conditions of aqueous solvent, room temperature and very low catalyst loading. To this end, the Pd nanocatalyst generated high turnover frequency (TOF) value and quantitative yields using ≥ 0.005 mol% Pd as well as catalytic activities with different aryl halides containing electron-withdrawing and electron-donating groups. The Pd4-capped Pd nanoparticles followed the atom-leaching mechanism and were found to be selective with respect to substrate identity. On the other hand, the naturally-occurring R5 peptide (SSKKSGSYSGSKGSKRRIL) was employed in the synthesis of biotemplated Pd <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which showed morphological changes as a function of Pd:peptide ratio. TOF analysis for hydrogenation of olefinic alcohols showed similar catalytic activity regardless of nanomorphology. Determination of catalytic properties of these bio-inspired <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are important as they serve as model system for alternative green catalyst with applications in industrially important transformations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1335929-nanomaterials-sensor-applications','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1335929-nanomaterials-sensor-applications"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Sensor Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Márquez, Francisco; Morant, Carmen</p> <p>2015-01-15</p> <p>A large part of the advances in nanotechnology have been directed towards the development of highspeed electronics, more efficient catalysts, and sensors. This latter group of applications has great relevance and unprecedented development potential for the coming years. Some of the main objectives for the development of sensors have focused on making more sensitive, effective and specific sensing devices. The improvement of these systems and the increase of specificity are clearly associated with a decrease in size of the components, which can lead to obtaining more rapid action, almost in real time. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> currently used in sensor development include amore » long list of nanostructured systems, as for example: Metal nanotubes, nanowires, nanofibers, nanocomposites, nanorods, nanoparticles, nanostructured polymers, and different allotropes of carbon as carbon nanotubes, graphene or fullerenes, among others [1]. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are characterized by having unique physicochemical properties, including high electrical and thermal conductivity, extremely high surface area/volume ratio, high mechanical strength and even excellent catalytic properties [1] [2]. These materials, may exhibit relevant physicochemical behavior, such as quantization or electronic confinement effects, which can be used in the development of all kinds of sensors [2]. So far, sensors have been developed for determination and quantification of gases, radiation, biomolecules, microorganisms, etc. [2] [3]. The sensors developed so far usually use the system lock and key, wherein the selective receptor (lock) is selectively anchored to the analyte of interest (or key). This system has great limitations when analyzing the analyte in the presence of other analytes, which can alter the sensitivity or specificity of the measure, as occurs in sensors used in biomedical applications [3] [4]. One possible solution is <span class="hlt">based</span> on the development of sensor arrays, consisting of a combination of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28912550','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28912550"><span>Calcium-Mediated Adhesion of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Reservoir Fluids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Eichmann, Shannon L; Burnham, Nancy A</p> <p>2017-09-14</p> <p>Globally, a small percentage of oil is recovered from reservoirs using primary and secondary recovery mechanisms, and thus a major focus of the oil industry is toward developing new technologies to increase recovery. Many new technologies utilize surfactants, macromolecules, and even nanoparticles, which are difficult to deploy in harsh reservoir conditions and where failures cause material aggregation and sticking to rock surfaces. To combat these issues, typically material properties are adjusted, but recent studies show that adjusting the dispersing fluid chemistry could have significant impact on material survivability. Herein, the effect of injection fluid salinity and composition on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> fate is explored using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results show that the calcium content in reservoir fluids affects the interactions of an AFM tip with a calcite surface, as surrogates for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> interacting with carbonate reservoir rock. The extreme force sensitivity of AFM provides the ability to elucidate small differences in adhesion at the pico-Newton (pN) level and provides direct information about material survivability. Increasing the calcium content mitigates adhesion at the pN-scale, a possible means to increase <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> survivability in oil reservoirs or to control <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> fate in other aqueous environments.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26374657','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26374657"><span>A weight-of-evidence approach to identify <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in consumer products: a case study of nanoparticles in commercial sunscreens.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cuddy, Michael F; Poda, Aimee R; Moser, Robert D; Weiss, Charles A; Cairns, Carolyn; Steevens, Jeffery A</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Nanoscale ingredients in commercial products represent a point of emerging environmental concern due to recent findings that correlate toxicity with small particle size. A weight-of-evidence (WOE) approach <span class="hlt">based</span> upon multiple lines of evidence (LOE) is developed here to assess <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as they exist in consumer product formulations, providing a qualitative assessment regarding the presence of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, along with a baseline estimate of nanoparticle concentration if <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> do exist. Electron microscopy, analytical separations, and X-ray detection methods were used to identify and characterize <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in sunscreen formulations. The WOE/LOE approach as applied to four commercial sunscreen products indicated that all four contained at least 10% dispersed primary particles having at least one dimension <100 nm in size. Analytical analyses confirmed that these constituents were comprised of zinc oxide (ZnO) or titanium dioxide (TiO2). The screening approaches developed herein offer a streamlined, facile means to identify potentially hazardous <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> constituents with minimal abrasive processing of the raw material.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JNR....20...33S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JNR....20...33S"><span>A <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> release model for waste shredding using a Bayesian belief network</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shandilya, Neeraj; Ligthart, Tom; van Voorde, Imelda; Stahlmecke, Burkhard; Clavaguera, Simon; Philippot, Cecile; Ding, Yaobo; Goede, Henk</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>The shredding of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and other products, incorporated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, can lead to a substantial release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Considering the uncertainty, complexity, and scarcity of experimental data on release, we present the development of a Bayesian belief network (BBN) model. This baseline model aims to give a first prediction of the release of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (excluding nanofibers) during their mechanical shredding. With a focus on the description of the model development methodology, we characterize <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> release in terms of number, size, mass, and composition of released particles. Through a sensitivity analysis of the model, we find the material-specific parameters like affinity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to the matrix of the composite and their state of dispersion inside the matrix to reduce the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> release up to 50%. The shredder-specific parameters like number of shafts in a shredder and input and output size of the material for shredding could minimize it up to 98%. The comparison with two experimental test cases shows promising outcome on the prediction capacity of the model. As additional experimental data on <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> release becomes available, the model is able to further adapt and update risk forecasts. When adapting the model with additional expert beliefs, experts should be selected using criteria, e.g., substantial contribution to <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> and/or particulate matter release-related scientific literature, the capacity and willingness to contribute to further development of the BBN model, and openness to accepting deviating opinions. [Figure not available: see fulltext.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27452157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27452157"><span>Functional protein-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> produced in microorganisms recognized as safe: A new platform for biotechnology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cano-Garrido, Olivia; Sánchez-Chardi, Alejandro; Parés, Sílvia; Giró, Irene; Tatkiewicz, Witold I; Ferrer-Miralles, Neus; Ratera, Imma; Natalello, Antonino; Cubarsi, Rafael; Veciana, Jaume; Bach, Àlex; Villaverde, Antonio; Arís, Anna; Garcia-Fruitós, Elena</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Inclusion bodies (IBs) are protein-<span class="hlt">based</span> nanoparticles formed in Escherichia coli through stereospecific aggregation processes during the overexpression of recombinant proteins. In the last years, it has been shown that IBs can be used as nanostructured biomaterials to stimulate mammalian cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. In addition, these nanoparticles have also been explored as natural delivery systems for protein replacement therapies. Although the production of these protein-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in E. coli is economically viable, important safety concerns related to the presence of endotoxins in the products derived from this microorganism need to be addressed. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a group of food-grade microorganisms that have been classified as safe by biologically regulatory agencies. In this context, we have demonstrated herein, for the first time, the production of fully functional, IB-like protein nanoparticles in LAB. These nanoparticles have been fully characterized using a wide range of techniques, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, zymography, cytometry, confocal microscopy, and wettability and cell coverage measurements. Our results allow us to conclude that these materials share the main physico-chemical characteristics with IBs from E. coli and moreover are devoid of any harmful endotoxin contaminant. These findings reveal a new platform for the production of protein-<span class="hlt">based</span> safe products with high pharmaceutical interest. The development of both natural and synthetic biomaterials for biomedical applications is a field in constant development. In this context, E. coli is a bacteria that has been widely studied for its ability to naturally produce functional biomaterials with broad biomedical uses. Despite being effective, products derived from this species contain membrane</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2302I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2302I"><span>Biomarkers of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure and effect: current status</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Iavicoli, Ivo; Leso, Veruscka; Manno, Maurizio; Schulte, Paul A.</p> <p>2014-03-01</p> <p>Recent advances in nanotechnology have induced a widespread production and application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. As a consequence, an increasing number of workers are expected to undergo exposure to these xenobiotics, while the possible hazards to their health remain not being completely understood. In this context, biological monitoring may play a key role not only to identify potential hazards from and to evaluate occupational exposure to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, but also to detect their early biological effects to better assess and manage risks of exposure in respect of the health of workers. Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide a critical evaluation of potential biomarkers of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> exposure and effect investigated in human and animal studies. Concerning exposure biomarkers, internal dose of metallic or metal oxide nanoparticle exposure may be assessed measuring the elemental metallic content in blood or urine or other biological materials, whereas specific molecules may be carefully evaluated in target tissues as possible biomarkers of biologically effective dose. Oxidative stress biomarkers, such as 8-hydroxy-deoxy-guanosine, genotoxicity biomarkers, and inflammatory response indicators may also be useful, although not specific, as biomarkers of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> early adverse health effects. Finally, potential biomarkers from "omic" technologies appear to be quite innovative and greatly relevant, although mechanistic, ethical, and practical issues should all be resolved before their routine application in occupational settings could be implemented. Although all these findings are interesting, they point out the need for further research to identify and possibly validate sensitive and specific biomarkers of exposure and effect, suitable for future use in occupational biomonitoring programs. A valuable contribution may derive from the studies investigating the biological behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and the factors influencing their toxicokinetics and reactivity. In</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........29P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhDT........29P"><span>Cooperative <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> systems for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Park, Ji Ho</p> <p></p> <p>The unique electromagnetic and biologic properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being harnessed to build powerful new medical technologies. Particularly, there have been recently increasing interests in cancer nanotechnology, wherein <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> play an important role in ultrasensitive imaging, targeting, and therapy of cancer. However, these <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> typically function as individual units and are designed to independently perform their tasks. In this dissertation, new cooperative nanosystems consisting of two distinct <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> that work together to target, identify, or treat tumors in vivo were studied. In the first two chapters, the synthesis of worm-shaped dextran-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (nanoworms, NW) exhibiting substantial in vivo circulation times and significant tumor targeting when coated with tumor-homing peptides were studied. NWs are also found to display a greater magnetic resonance (MR) response than the spherical nanoparticles. Next, two types of multifunctional nanoparticles were fabricated for simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer. Micellar hybrid nanoparticles (MHN) that contain magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and an anti-cancer drug doxorubicin (DOX) within a single PEG-modified phospholipid micelle were first prepared. Simultaneous multimodal imaging (MR and fluorescence) and targeted drug delivery in vitro and in vivo was performed using DOX-incorporated targeted MHN. Secondly, luminescent porous silicon nanoparticles (LPSINP) that were drug-loadable, biodegradable and relatively non-toxic were prepared. In contrast to most inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, LPSINP were degraded in vivo in a relatively short time with no noticeable toxicity. The clearance and degradation of intravenously injected LPSINP in the bladder, liver, and spleen were established by whole-body fluorescence imaging. Finally, two types of cooperative <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> systems to amplify targeting and deliver drugs efficiently to regions of tumor invasion were</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4769694','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4769694"><span>What is the role of curvature on the properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Solveyra, Estefania Gonzalez</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for drug delivery and theranostics applications is a promising paradigm in nanomedicine, as it brings together the best features of nanotechnolgy, molecular biology and medicine. To fully exploit the synergistic potential of such interdisciplinary strategy, a comprehensive description of the interactions at the interface between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and biological systems is not only crucial, but also mandatory. Routine strategies to engineer <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> drugs comprise modifying their surface with biocompatible and targeting ligands, in many cases resorting to modular approaches that assume additive behavior. However, emergent behavior can be observed when combining confinement and curvature. The final properties of functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> become dependent not only on the properties of their constituents but also on the geometry of the nano-bio interface, and on the local molecular environment. Modularity no longer holds, and the coupling between interactions, chemical equilibrium and molecular organization has to be directly addressed in order to design smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with controlled spatial functionalization envisioning optimized biomedical applications. Nanoparticle’s curvature becomes an integral part of the design strategy, enabling to control and engineer the chemical and surface properties with molecular precision. Understanding how NP size, morphology, and surface chemistry are interrelated will put us one step closer to engineering nanobiomaterials capable of mimicking biological structures and their behaviors, paving the way into applications and the possibility to elucidate the use of curvature by biological systems. PMID:26310432</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389087','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24389087"><span>Toxicity of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in biomedical imaging.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Jinxia; Chang, Xueling; Chen, Xiaoxia; Gu, Zhanjun; Zhao, Feng; Chai, Zhifang; Zhao, Yuliang</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Inorganic nanoparticles have shown promising potentials as novel biomedical imaging agents with high sensitivity, high spatial and temporal resolution. To translate the laboratory innovations into clinical applications, their potential toxicities are highly concerned and have to be evaluated comprehensively both in vitro and in vivo before their clinical applications. In this review, we first summarized the in vivo and in vitro toxicities of the representative inorganic nanoparticles used in biomedical imagings. Then we further discuss the origin of nanotoxicity of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including ROS generation and oxidative stress, chemical instability, chemical composition, the surface modification, dissolution of nanoparticles to release excess free ions of metals, metal redox state, and left-over chemicals from synthesis, etc. We intend to provide the readers a better understanding of the toxicology aspects of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and knowledge for achieving optimized designs of safer inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for clinical applications. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4550106','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4550106"><span>Ice Nucleation Properties of Oxidized Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Heterogeneous ice nucleation is an important process in many fields, particularly atmospheric science, but is still poorly understood. All known inorganic ice nucleating particles are relatively large in size and tend to be hydrophilic. Hence it is not obvious that carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> should nucleate ice. However, in this paper we show that four different readily water-dispersible carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are capable of nucleating ice. The tested materials were carboxylated graphene nanoflakes, graphene oxide, oxidized single walled carbon nanotubes and oxidized multiwalled carbon nanotubes. The carboxylated graphene nanoflakes have a diameter of ∼30 nm and are among the smallest entities observed so far to nucleate ice. Overall, carbon nanotubes were found to nucleate ice more efficiently than flat graphene species, and less oxidized materials nucleated ice more efficiently than more oxidized species. These well-defined carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may pave the way to bridging the gap between experimental and computational studies of ice nucleation. PMID:26267196</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24988288','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24988288"><span>Current advances in lanthanide ion (Ln(3+))-<span class="hlt">based</span> upconversion <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for drug delivery.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yang, Dongmei; Ma, Ping'an; Hou, Zhiyou; Cheng, Ziyong; Li, Chunxia; Lin, Jun</p> <p>2015-03-21</p> <p>Lanthanide ion (Ln(3+))-<span class="hlt">based</span> upconversion nano/micromaterials that emit higher-energy visible light when excited by low-energy NIR light have aroused considerable attention in the forefront of materials science and biomedical fields, which stems from their unique optical and chemical properties including minimum photodamage to living organisms, low autofluorescence, high signal-to-noise ratio and detection sensitivity, and high penetration depth in biological or environmental samples. Thus, Ln(3+)-<span class="hlt">based</span> upconversion materials are rising new stars and are quickly emerging as potential candidates to revolutionize novel biomedical applications. In this review article, we mainly focus on the recent progress in various chemical syntheses of Ln(3+)-<span class="hlt">based</span> upconversion <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, with special emphasis on their application in stimuli-response controlled drug release and subsequent therapy. Functional groups that are introduced into the stimuli-responsive system can respond to external triggers, such as pH, temperature, light, and even magnetic fields, which can regulate the movement of the pharmaceutical cargo and release the drug at a desired time and in a desired area. This is crucial to boost drug efficacy in cancer treatment while minimizing the side effects of cytotoxic drugs. Many multifunctional (magnetic/upconversion luminescence and porous) composite materials <span class="hlt">based</span> on Ln(3+) have been designed for controlled drug delivery and multimodal bioimaging. Finally, the challenges and future opportunities for Ln(3+)-<span class="hlt">based</span> upconversion materials are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.......326C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.......326C"><span>Environmental and biological applications and implications of soft and condensed <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Pengyu</p> <p></p> <p>, respectively. The surface plasmon resonance of gold nanowires and NPs are utilized for enhancing the detection limits of Cu(II) down to nanomolar level and protein/lipids down to picomolar level. Chapter five justifies the growing concern of the environmental implications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in light of the increasing environmental and biological applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> <span class="hlt">based</span> on the previous chapters, using ZnO NPs and single-celled green algae, Chlorella sp. as a model system. Chapter six summarized the key findings in this dissertation and presents future work stimulated by this PhD research. In summary, the key scientific contributions of this dissertation are: 1). we have performed the first study on the versatility of a trifunctional dendrimer for hosting cationic, anionic, and polyaromatic chemical contaminants; 2). we have demonstrated for the first time the concept that a soft, biocompatible nanoparticle—a dendrimer, can be used for hosting discharged, harmful nanoparticles for environmental remediation; and 3). we have shown for the first time the impact of nanoparticles on aquatic organisms is bidirectional.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23200793','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23200793"><span>Considerations on the EU definition of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>: science to support policy making.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bleeker, Eric A J; de Jong, Wim H; Geertsma, Robert E; Groenewold, Monique; Heugens, Evelyn H W; Koers-Jacquemijns, Marjorie; van de Meent, Dik; Popma, Jan R; Rietveld, Anton G; Wijnhoven, Susan W P; Cassee, Flemming R; Oomen, Agnes G</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>In recent years, an increasing number of applications and products containing or using <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have become available. This has raised concerns that some of these materials may introduce new risks for humans or the environment. A clear definition to discriminate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from other materials is prerequisite to include provisions for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in legislation. In October 2011 the European Commission published the 'Recommendation on the definition of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>', primarily intended to provide unambiguous criteria to identify materials for which special regulatory provisions might apply, but also to promote consistency on the interpretation of the term '<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'. In this paper, the current status of various regulatory frameworks of the European Union with regard to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is described, and major issues relevant for regulation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are discussed. This will contribute to better understanding the implications of the choices policy makers have to make in further regulation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Potential issues that need to be addressed and areas of research in which science can contribute are indicated. These issues include awareness on situations in which nano-related risks may occur for materials that fall outside the definition, guidance and further development of measurement techniques, and dealing with changes during the life cycle. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304698','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5304698"><span>Autophagy as a Possible Underlying Mechanism of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Toxicity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cohignac, Vanessa; Landry, Marion Julie; Boczkowski, Jorge; Lanone, Sophie</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The rapid development of nanotechnologies is raising safety concerns because of the potential effects of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on human health, particularly at the respiratory level. Since the last decades, many in vivo studies have been interested in the pulmonary effects of different classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. It has been shown that some of them can induce toxic effects, essentially depending on their physico-chemical characteristics, but other studies did not identify such effects. Inflammation and oxidative stress are currently the two main mechanisms described to explain the observed toxicity. However, the exact underlying mechanism(s) still remain(s) unknown and autophagy could represent an interesting candidate. Autophagy is a physiological process in which cytoplasmic components are digested via a lysosomal pathway. It has been shown that autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis and the progression of human diseases, and is able to modulate the oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory responses. A growing amount of literature suggests that a link between <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> toxicity and autophagy impairment could exist. In this review, we will first summarize what is known about the respiratory effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and we will then discuss the possible involvement of autophagy in this toxicity. This review should help understand why autophagy impairment could be taken as a promising candidate to fully understand <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> toxicity. PMID:28344236</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033139','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033139"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> synthesis and characterization for toxicological studies: TiO2 case study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Valsami-Jones, E.; Berhanu, D.; Dybowska, A.; Misra, S.; Boccaccini, A.R.; Tetley, T.D.; Luoma, S.N.; Plant, J.A.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>In recent years it has become apparent that the novel properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may predispose them to a hitherto unknown potential for toxicity. A number of recent toxicological studies of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> exist, but these appear to be fragmented and often contradictory. Such discrepancies may be, at least in part, due to poor description of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> or incomplete characterization, including failure to recognise impurities, surface modifications or other important physicochemical aspects of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>. Here we make a case for the importance of good quality, well-characterized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for future toxicological studies, combined with reliable synthesis protocols, and we present our efforts to generate such materials. The model system for which we present results is TiO2 nanoparticles, currently used in a variety of commercial products. ?? 2008 The Mineralogical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=235770&Lab=NCCT&keyword=Nanotechnology+AND+Engineering&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=235770&Lab=NCCT&keyword=Nanotechnology+AND+Engineering&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Development and In Vitro Toxicity Evaluation of Alternative Sustainable <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> types are rapidly being developed for the value they may add to consumer products without sufficient evaluation of implications for human health, toxicity, environmental impact and long-term sustainability. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> made of metals, semiconductors and vario...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3838497','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3838497"><span>Biomedical Applications of Zinc Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yin; Nayak, Tapas R.; Hong, Hao; Cai, Weibo</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology has witnessed tremendous advancement over the last several decades. Zinc oxide (ZnO), which can exhibit a wide variety of nanostructures, possesses unique semiconducting, optical, and piezoelectric properties hence has been investigated for a wide variety of applications. One of the most important features of ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is low toxicity and biodegradability. Zn2+ is an indispensable trace element for adults (~10 mg of Zn2+ per day is recommended) and it is involved in various aspects of metabolism. Chemically, the surface of ZnO is rich in -OH groups, which can be readily functionalized by various surface decorating molecules. In this review article, we summarized the current status of the use of ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications, such as biomedical imaging (which includes fluorescence, magnetic resonance, positron emission tomography, as well as dual-modality imaging), drug delivery, gene delivery, and biosensing of a wide array of molecules of interest. Research in biomedical applications of ZnO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> will continue to flourish over the next decade, and much research effort will be needed to develop biocompatible/biodegradable ZnO nanoplatforms for potential clinical translation. PMID:24206130</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1340774-nanomaterials-extreme-environments-fundamentals-applications-rostislav-andrievski-arsen-khatchoyan','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1340774-nanomaterials-extreme-environments-fundamentals-applications-rostislav-andrievski-arsen-khatchoyan"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Extreme Environments: Fundamentals and Applications Rostislav A. Andrievski and Arsen V. Khatchoyan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Devanathan, Ram</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Extreme Environments Rostislav A. Andrievski and Arsen V. Khatchoyan Springer, 2016 106 pages, $99.00 (e-book $69.99) ISBN 978–3-319–25331–2 This slim volume is an extensive review of our current understanding of the response of nanostructured materials to extreme operating conditions, such as high temperature, flux of high energy neutrons, high pressure, mechanical stress, and oxidizing environments. The emphasis is on metallic materials, especially Cu alloys. Graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials, fullerenes, polymeric materials, nano-glasses and glass-ceramics are not covered by this review. The book has six chapters including an introduction and a brief conclusion. The introduction documents the growth of scientific interestmore » in nanostructured materials and stresses the need to study the behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> under extreme conditions. This chapter also presents Herbert Gleiter’s classification of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> into twelve groups <span class="hlt">based</span> on the shapes of the nanoscale features and chemical composition of the components of the nanostructure. The second chapter deals with the high temperature environment and the thermodynamics and kinetics of grain growth. The authors identify the lack of reliable thermodynamic data as a key limitation in this field. The discussion brings out the interplay of structural relaxation, redistribution of excess free volume, diffusion, and recrystallization in multicomponent nanostructures at elevated temperature. Chapter 3 focuses on the effects of ion and neutron irradiation on the structure and properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The authors do a good job of highlighting recent studies on the radiation tolerance of nanocrystalline oxides and rapid grain growth under irradiation. The material addresses both fission and fusion reactor applications. Chapter 4 reviews the effects of severe plastic deformation and cyclic loading on nanostructure formation and phase transformation. This chapter also explores the challenge of</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.8473L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.8473L"><span>Bismuth oxyhalide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: layered structures meet photocatalysis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Jie; Yu, Ying; Zhang, Lizhi</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>In recent years, layered bismuth oxyhalide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have received more and more interest as promising photocatalysts because their unique layered structures endow them with fascinating physicochemical properties; thus, they have great potential photocatalytic applications for environment remediation and energy harvesting. In this article, we explore the synthesis strategies and growth mechanisms of layered bismuth oxyhalide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and propose design principles of tailoring a layered configuration to control the nanoarchitectures for high efficient photocatalysis. Subsequently, we focus on their layered structure dependent properties, including pH-related crystal facet exposure and phase transformation, facet-dependent photoactivity and molecular oxygen activation pathways, so as to clarify the origin of the layered structure dependent photoreactivity. Furthermore, we summarize various strategies for modulating the composition and arrangement of layered structures to enhance the photoactivity of nanostructured bismuth oxyhalides via internal electric field tuning, dehalogenation effect, surface functionalization, doping, plasmon modification, and heterojunction construction, which may offer efficient guidance for the design and construction of high-performance bismuth oxyhalide-<span class="hlt">based</span> photocatalysis systems. Finally, we highlight some crucial issues in engineering the layered-structure mediated properties of bismuth oxyhalide photocatalysts and provide tentative suggestions for future research on increasing their photocatalytic performance.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanos...7.3338C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Nanos...7.3338C"><span>Recent developments and directions in printed <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Choi, Hyung Woo; Zhou, Tianlei; Singh, Madhusudan; Jabbour, Ghassan E.</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>In this review, we survey several recent developments in printing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for contacts, transistors, sensors of various kinds, light-emitting diodes, solar cells, memory devices, and bone and organ implants. The commonly used <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are classified according to whether they are conductive, semiconducting/insulating or biological in nature. While many printing processes are covered, special attention is paid to inkjet printing and roll-to-roll printing in light of their complexity and popularity. In conclusion, we present our view of the future development of this field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..171L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JNR....19..171L"><span>Safety assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using an advanced decision-making framework, the DF4nanoGrouping</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Landsiedel, Robert; Ma-Hock, Lan; Wiench, Karin; Wohlleben, Wendel; Sauer, Ursula G.</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>As presented at the 2016 TechConnect World Innovation Conference on 22-25 May 2016 in Washington DC, USA, the European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) `Nano Task Force' proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (DF4nanoGrouping) consisting of three tiers to assign <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to four main groups with possible further subgrouping to refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'s life cycle and biological pathways: intrinsic material properties and system-dependent properties (that depend upon the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'s respective surroundings), biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, and cellular and apical toxic effects. Use, release, and exposure route may be applied as `qualifiers' to determine if, e.g., <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> cannot be released from products, which may justify waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio, (3) passive, and (4) active <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The DF4nanoGrouping foresees a stepwise evaluation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> properties and effects with increasing biological complexity. In case studies covering carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, metal oxide, and metal sulfate <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, amorphous silica and organic pigments (all <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> having primary particle sizes below 100 nm), the usefulness of the DF4nanoGrouping for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> hazard assessment was confirmed. The DF4nanoGrouping facilitates grouping and targeted testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. It ensures that sufficient data for the risk assessment of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> are available, and it fosters the use of non-animal methods. No studies are performed that do not provide crucial data. Thereby, the DF4nanoGrouping serves to save both animals and resources.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28078811','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28078811"><span>The effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on blood coagulation in hemostasis and thrombosis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simak, Jan; De Paoli, Silvia</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The blood coagulation balance in the organism is achieved by the interaction of the blood platelets (PLTs) with the plasma coagulation system (PCS) and the vascular endothelial cells. In healthy organism, these systems prevent thrombosis and, in events of vascular damage, enable blood clotting to stop bleeding. The dysregulation of hemostasis may cause serious thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic pathologies. Numerous engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being investigated for biomedical purposes and are unavoidably exposed to the blood. Also, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> may access vascular system after occupational, environmental, or other types of exposure. Thus, it is essential to evaluate the effects of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on hemostasis. This review focuses on investigations of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> interactions with the blood components involved in blood coagulation: the PCS and PLTs. Particular emphases include the pathophysiology of effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on the PCS, including the kallikrein-kinin system, and on PLTs. Methods for investigating these interactions are briefly described, and a review of the most important studies on the interactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with plasma coagulation and platelets is provided. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1448. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1448 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. © Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5357991','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5357991"><span>One‐Dimensional Earth‐Abundant <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Water‐Splitting Electrocatalysts</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Jun</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Hydrogen fuel acquisition <span class="hlt">based</span> on electrochemical or photoelectrochemical water splitting represents one of the most promising means for the fast increase of global energy need, capable of offering a clean and sustainable energy resource with zero carbon footprints in the environment. The key to the success of this goal is the realization of robust earth‐abundant materials and cost‐effective reaction processes that can catalyze both hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with high efficiency and stability. In the past decade, one‐dimensional (1D) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures have been substantially investigated for their potential in serving as these electrocatalysts for reducing overpotentials and increasing catalytic activity, due to their high electrochemically active surface area, fast charge transport, efficient mass transport of reactant species, and effective release of gas produced. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in developing new 1D <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as catalysts for HER, OER, as well as bifunctional electrocatalysts for both half reactions. Different categories of earth‐abundant materials including metal‐<span class="hlt">based</span> and metal‐free catalysts are introduced, with their representative results presented. The challenges and perspectives in this field are also discussed. PMID:28331791</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4540359','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4540359"><span>Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Using Radiolabeled Inorganic <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sun, Xiaolian; Cai, Weibo; Chen, Xiaoyuan</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>. Although being fast and specific, only a few combinations of isotopes and nanoparticles have been explored. Since the applications of radiolabeled nanoparticles are <span class="hlt">based</span> on the premise that the radioisotopes are stably attached to the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, stability (colloidal and radiochemical) assessment of radiolabeled nanoparticles is also highlighted. Despite the fact that thousands of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been developed for clinical research, only very few have moved to humans. One major reason is the lack of understanding of the biological behavior of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. We discuss specific examples of using PET imaging to monitor the in vivo fate of radiolabeled nanoparticles, emphasizing the importance of labeling strategies and caution in interpreting PET data. Design considerations for radiolabeled nanoplatforms for multimodal molecular imaging are also illustrated, with a focus on strategies to combine the strengths of different imaging modalities and to prolong the circulation time. PMID:25635467</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4560752','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4560752"><span>Wet-chemical synthesis and applications of non-layer structured two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tan, Chaoliang; Zhang, Hua</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Non-layer structured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with single- or few-layer thickness have two-dimensional sheet-like structures and possess intriguing properties. Recent years have seen major advances in development of a host of non-layer structured ultrathin two-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as noble metals, metal oxides and metal chalcogenides. The wet-chemical synthesis has emerged as the most promising route towards high-yield and mass production of such <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are now finding increasing applications in a wide range of areas including catalysis, energy production and storage, sensor and nanotherapy, to name but a few. PMID:26303763</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693576','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28693576"><span>Cell-<span class="hlt">based</span> cytotoxicity assays for engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> safety screening: exposure of adipose derived stromal cells to titanium dioxide nanoparticles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Yan; Hadjiargyrou, M; Rafailovich, Miriam; Mironava, Tatsiana</p> <p>2017-07-11</p> <p>Increasing production of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> requires fast and proper assessment of its potential toxicity. Therefore, there is a need to develop new assays that can be performed in vitro, be cost effective, and allow faster screening of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs). Herein, we report that titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) can induce damage to adipose derived stromal cells (ADSCs) at concentrations which are rated as safe by standard assays such as measuring proliferation, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Specifically, we demonstrated that low concentrations of TiO 2 NPs, at which cellular LDH, ROS, or proliferation profiles were not affected, induced changes in the ADSCs secretory function and differentiation capability. These two functions are essential for ADSCs in wound healing, energy expenditure, and metabolism with serious health implications in vivo. We demonstrated that cytotoxicity assays <span class="hlt">based</span> on specialized cell functions exhibit greater sensitivity and reveal damage induced by ENMs that was not otherwise detected by traditional ROS, LDH, and proliferation assays. For proper toxicological assessment of ENMs standard ROS, LDH, and proliferation assays should be combined with assays that investigate cellular functions relevant to the specific cell type.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..374a2062C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..374a2062C"><span>Synthesis and Technological Innovation of Applying Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Wastewater Treatment by Flotation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Covaliu, C. I.; Moga, I. C.; Matache, M. G.; Paraschiv, G.; Gageanu, I.; Vasile, E.</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The appearance and development of nanotechnology gave new and efficient modalities for pollutants removal from wastewaters by using new compounds called <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which possess unique structural and morphological properties. In this paper we investigated the application of CoFe2O4 <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> for increasing the efficiency of oily wastewater treatment by flotation. CoFe2O4 <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> was prepared by precipitation method. Prior testing their application in wastewater treatment by flotation, the oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> was structural and morphological characterized by XRD and TEM analyses. The influence of CoFe2O4<span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> on oily wastewater depollution by flotation process was investigated by measuring the following parameters: treatment efficiency [%] and the stability of froth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444494','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24444494"><span>Nanotechnology in reproductive medicine: emerging applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Barkalina, Natalia; Charalambous, Charis; Jones, Celine; Coward, Kevin</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>In the last decade, nanotechnology has been extensively introduced for biomedical applications, including bio-detection, drug delivery and diagnostic imaging, particularly in the field of cancer diagnostics and treatment. However, there is a growing trend towards the expansion of nanobiotechnological tools in a number of non-cancer applications. In this review, we discuss the emerging uses of nanotechnology in reproductive medicine and reproductive biology. For the first time, we summarise the available evidence regarding the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as experimental tools for the detection and treatment of malignant and benign reproductive conditions. We also present an overview of potential applications for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in reproductive biology, discuss the benefits and concerns associated with their use in a highly delicate system of reproductive tissues and gametes, and address the feasibility of this innovative and potentially controversial approach in the clinical setting and for investigative research into the mechanisms underlying reproductive diseases. This unique review paper focuses on the emerging use of nanotechnology in reproductive medicine and reproductive biology, highlighting the role of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in the detection and treatment of various reproductive conditions, keeping in mind the benefits and potential concerns associated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> use in the delicate system of reproductive tissue and gametes. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191411','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28191411"><span>Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Navya, P N; Daima, Hemant Kumar</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Innovative engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are at the leading edge of rapidly emerging fields of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Meticulous synthesis, unique physicochemical properties, manifestation of chemical or biological moieties on the surface of materials make engineered nanostructures suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Besides, tailored <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> exhibit entirely novel therapeutic applications with better functionality, sensitivity, efficiency and specificity due to their customized unique physicochemical and surface properties. Additionally, such designer made <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has potential to generate series of interactions with various biological entities including DNA, proteins, membranes, cells and organelles at nano-bio interface. These nano-bio interactions are driven by colloidal forces and predominantly depend on the dynamic physicochemical and surface properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Nevertheless, recent development and atomic scale tailoring of various physical, chemical and surface properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is promising to dictate their interaction in anticipated manner with biological entities for biomedical applications. As a result, rationally designed <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are in extensive demand for bio-molecular detection and diagnostics, therapeutics, drug and gene delivery, fluorescent labelling, tissue engineering, biochemical sensing and other pharmaceuticals applications. However, toxicity and risk associated with engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is rather unclear or not well understood; which is gaining considerable attention and the field of nanotoxicology is evolving promptly. Therefore, this review explores current knowledge of articulate engineering of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications with special attention on potential toxicological perspectives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3....1N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3....1N"><span>Rational engineering of physicochemical properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications with nanotoxicological perspectives</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Navya, P. N.; Daima, Hemant Kumar</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Innovative engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are at the leading edge of rapidly emerging fields of nanobiotechnology and nanomedicine. Meticulous synthesis, unique physicochemical properties, manifestation of chemical or biological moieties on the surface of materials make engineered nanostructures suitable for a variety of biomedical applications. Besides, tailored <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> exhibit entirely novel therapeutic applications with better functionality, sensitivity, efficiency and specificity due to their customized unique physicochemical and surface properties. Additionally, such designer made <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has potential to generate series of interactions with various biological entities including DNA, proteins, membranes, cells and organelles at nano-bio interface. These nano-bio interactions are driven by colloidal forces and predominantly depend on the dynamic physicochemical and surface properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Nevertheless, recent development and atomic scale tailoring of various physical, chemical and surface properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is promising to dictate their interaction in anticipated manner with biological entities for biomedical applications. As a result, rationally designed <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are in extensive demand for bio-molecular detection and diagnostics, therapeutics, drug and gene delivery, fluorescent labelling, tissue engineering, biochemical sensing and other pharmaceuticals applications. However, toxicity and risk associated with engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is rather unclear or not well understood; which is gaining considerable attention and the field of nanotoxicology is evolving promptly. Therefore, this review explores current knowledge of articulate engineering of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications with special attention on potential toxicological perspectives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=318651&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=lipid+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=318651&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=lipid+AND+research&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Metabolomic effects in HepG2 cells exposed to CeO2, SiO2 and CuO <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>To better assess potential hepatotoxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, human liver HepG2 cells were exposed for three days to 5 different CeO2 (either 30 or 100 ug/ml), 3 SiO2 <span class="hlt">based</span> (30 ug/ml) or 1 CuO (3 ug/ml) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with dry primary particle sizes ranging from 15 to 213 nm. Metab...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936271','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2936271"><span>Effective Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Phosphopeptides Using Mesoporous Metal Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nelson, Cory A.; Szczech, Jeannine R.; Dooley, Chad J.; Xu, Qingge; Lawrence, Matthew J.; Zhu, Haoyue; Jin, Song; Ge, Ying</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Mass spectrometry (MS)-<span class="hlt">based</span> phosphoproteomics remains challenging due to the low abundance of phosphoproteins and substoichiometric phosphorylation. This demands better methods to effectively enrich phosphoproteins/peptides prior to MS analysis. We have previously communicated the first use of mesoporous zirconium oxide (ZrO2) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for effective phosphopeptide enrichment. Here we present the full report including the synthesis, characterization, and application of mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2), ZrO2, and hafnium oxide (HfO2) in phosphopeptide enrichment and MS analysis. Mesoporous ZrO2 and HfO2 are demonstrated to be superior to TiO2 for phosphopeptide enrichment from a complex mixture with high specificity (>99%), which could almost be considered as “a purification”, mainly because of the extremely large active surface area of mesoporous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A single enrichment and Fourier transform MS analysis of phosphopeptides digested from a complex mixture containing 7% of α-casein identified 21 out of 22 phosphorylation sites for α-casein. Moreover, the mesoporous ZrO2 and HfO2 can be reused after a simple solution regeneration procedure with comparable enrichment performance to that of fresh materials. Mesoporous ZrO2 and HfO2 <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> hold great promise for applications in MS-<span class="hlt">based</span> phosphoproteomics. PMID:20704311</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120002682','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120002682"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Electronics and Optoelectronics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Koehne, Jessica E.; Meyyappan, M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> such as carbon nanotubes(CNTs), graphene, and inorganic nanowires(INWs) have shown interesting electronic, mechanical, optical, thermal, and other properties and therefore have been pursued for a variety of applications by the nanotechnology community ranging from electronics to nanocomposites. While the first two are carbon-<span class="hlt">based</span> materials, the INWs in the literature include silicon, germanium, III-V, II-VI, a variety of oxides, nitrides, antimonides and others. In this talk, first an overview of growth of these three classes of materials by CVD and PECVD will be presented along with results from characterization. Then applications in development of chemical sensors, biosensors, energy storage devices and novel memory architectures will be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........14G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT........14G"><span>Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopic Characterization of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Biopolymers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Chengchen</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have attracted considerable attention in recent research due to their wide applications in various fields such as material science, physical science, electrical engineering, and biomedical engineering. Researchers have developed many methods for synthesizing different types of nanostructures and have further applied them in various applications. However, in many cases, a molecular level understanding of nanoparticles and their associated surface chemistry is lacking investigation. Understanding the surface chemistry of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is of great significance for obtaining a better understanding of the properties and functions of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy can provide a familiar means of looking at the molecular structure of molecules bound to surfaces of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as well as a method to determine the size of nanoparticles in solution. Here, a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques including one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopies was used to investigate the surface chemistry and physical properties of some common <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including for example, thiol-protected gold nanostructures and biomolecule-capped silica nanoparticles. Silk is a natural protein fiber that features unique properties such as excellent mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and non-linear optical properties. These appealing physical properties originate from the silk structure, and therefore, the structural analysis of silk is of great importance for revealing the mystery of these impressive properties and developing novel silk-<span class="hlt">based</span> biomaterials as well. Here, solid-state NMR spectroscopy was used to elucidate the secondary structure of silk proteins in N. clavipes spider dragline silk and B. mori silkworm silk. It is found that the Gly-Gly-X (X=Leu, Tyr, Gln) motif in spider dragline silk is not in a beta-sheet or alpha-helix structure and is very likely to be present in a disordered structure with evidence for 31-helix</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4212797','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4212797"><span>Shape-Controlled Synthesis of Hybrid <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> via Three-Dimensional Hydrodynamic Focusing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Shape-controlled synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through a simple, continuous, and low-cost method is essential to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research toward practical applications. Hydrodynamic focusing, with its advantages of simplicity, low-cost, and precise control over reaction conditions, has been used for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> synthesis. While most studies have focused on improving the uniformity and size control, few have addressed the potential of tuning the shape of the synthesized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here we demonstrate a facile method to synthesize hybrid materials by three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF). While keeping the flow rates of the reagents constant and changing only the flow rate of the buffer solution, the molar ratio of two reactants (i.e., tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and HAuCl4) within the reaction zone varies. The synthesized TTF–Au hybrid materials possess very different and predictable morphologies. The reaction conditions at different buffer flow rates are studied through computational simulation, and the formation mechanisms of different structures are discussed. This simple one-step method to achieve continuous shape-tunable synthesis highlights the potential of 3D-HF in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research. PMID:25268035</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268035','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25268035"><span>Shape-controlled synthesis of hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> via three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Mengqian; Yang, Shikuan; Ho, Yi-Ping; Grigsby, Christopher L; Leong, Kam W; Huang, Tony Jun</p> <p>2014-10-28</p> <p>Shape-controlled synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through a simple, continuous, and low-cost method is essential to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research toward practical applications. Hydrodynamic focusing, with its advantages of simplicity, low-cost, and precise control over reaction conditions, has been used for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> synthesis. While most studies have focused on improving the uniformity and size control, few have addressed the potential of tuning the shape of the synthesized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Here we demonstrate a facile method to synthesize hybrid materials by three-dimensional hydrodynamic focusing (3D-HF). While keeping the flow rates of the reagents constant and changing only the flow rate of the buffer solution, the molar ratio of two reactants (i.e., tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and HAuCl4) within the reaction zone varies. The synthesized TTF-Au hybrid materials possess very different and predictable morphologies. The reaction conditions at different buffer flow rates are studied through computational simulation, and the formation mechanisms of different structures are discussed. This simple one-step method to achieve continuous shape-tunable synthesis highlights the potential of 3D-HF in <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22689170-recent-advances-unresolved-issues-application-computational-modelling-prediction-biological-effects-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22689170-recent-advances-unresolved-issues-application-computational-modelling-prediction-biological-effects-nanomaterials"><span>Recent advances, and unresolved issues, in the application of computational modelling to the prediction of the biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Winkler, David A., E-mail: dave.winkler@csiro.au</p> <p>2016-05-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> research is one of the fastest growing contemporary research areas. The unprecedented properties of these materials have meant that they are being incorporated into products very quickly. Regulatory agencies are concerned they cannot assess the potential hazards of these materials adequately, as data on the biological properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are still relatively limited and expensive to acquire. Computational modelling methods have much to offer in helping understand the mechanisms by which toxicity may occur, and in predicting the likelihood of adverse biological impacts of materials not yet tested experimentally. This paper reviews the progress these methods, particularly those QSAR-<span class="hlt">based</span>,more » have made in understanding and predicting potentially adverse biological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and also the limitations and pitfalls of these methods. - Highlights: • <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> regulators need good information to make good decisions. • <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and their interactions with biology are very complex. • Computational methods use existing data to predict properties of new <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. • Statistical, data driven modelling methods have been successfully applied to this task. • Much more must be learnt before robust toolkits will be widely usable by regulators.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410423-review-electric-discharge-microplasmas-generated-highly-fluctuating-fluids-characteristics-application-nanomaterials-synthesis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22410423-review-electric-discharge-microplasmas-generated-highly-fluctuating-fluids-characteristics-application-nanomaterials-synthesis"><span>Review of electric discharge microplasmas generated in highly fluctuating fluids: Characteristics and application to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> synthesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Stauss, Sven, E-mail: sven.stauss@plasma.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Terashima, Kazuo, E-mail: kazuo@plasma.k.u-tokyo.ac.jp; Muneoka, Hitoshi</p> <p>2015-05-15</p> <p>Plasma-<span class="hlt">based</span> fabrication of novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures is indispensible for the development of next-generation electronic devices and for green energy applications. In particular, controlling the interactions between plasmas and materials interfaces, and the plasma fluctuations, is crucial for further development of plasma-<span class="hlt">based</span> processes and bottom-up growth of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Electric discharge microplasmas generated in supercritical fluids represent a special class of high-pressure plasmas, where fluctuations on the molecular scale influence the discharge properties and the possible bottom-up growth of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This review discusses an anomaly observed for direct current microplasmas generated near the critical point, a local decrease in the breakdownmore » voltage. This anomalous behavior is suggested to be caused by the concomitant decrease of the ionization potential due to the formation of clusters near the critical point, and the formation of extended electron mean free paths caused by the high-density fluctuation near the critical point. It is also shown that in the case of dielectric barrier microdischarges generated close to the critical point, the high-density fluctuation of the supercritical fluid persists. The final part of the review discusses the application of discharges generated in supercritical fluids to synthesis of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, in particular, molecular diamond—so-called diamondoids—by microplasmas generated inside conventional batch-type and continuous flow microreactors.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310432','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26310432"><span>What is the role of curvature on the properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for biomedical applications?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gonzalez Solveyra, Estefania; Szleifer, Igal</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for drug delivery and theranostics applications is a promising paradigm in nanomedicine, as it brings together the best features of nanotechnolgy, molecular biology, and medicine. To fully exploit the synergistic potential of such interdisciplinary strategy, a comprehensive description of the interactions at the interface between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and biological systems is not only crucial, but also mandatory. Routine strategies to engineer <span class="hlt">nanomaterial-based</span> drugs comprise modifying their surface with biocompatible and targeting ligands, in many cases resorting to modular approaches that assume additive behavior. However, emergent behavior can be observed when combining confinement and curvature. The final properties of functionalized <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> become dependent not only on the properties of their constituents but also on the geometry of the nano-bio interface, and on the local molecular environment. Modularity no longer holds, and the coupling between interactions, chemical equilibrium, and molecular organization has to be directly addressed in order to design smart <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with controlled spatial functionalization envisioning optimized biomedical applications. Nanoparticle's curvature becomes an integral part of the design strategy, enabling to control and engineer the chemical and surface properties with molecular precision. Understanding how nanoparticle size, morphology, and surface chemistry are interrelated will put us one step closer to engineering nanobiomaterials capable of mimicking biological structures and their behaviors, paving the way into applications and the possibility to elucidate the use of curvature by biological systems. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2016, 8:334-354. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1365 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=233699&keyword=tio2&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=233699&keyword=tio2&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Time-Course Determination of Cellular Stress Responses Elicited by Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are being incorporated continuously into consumer products, resulting in increased human exposures. The study of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> has focused largely on oxidative stress and inflammation endpoints without further investigating potential pathways. ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098076','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24098076"><span>NEIMiner: <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> environmental impact data miner.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tang, Kaizhi; Liu, Xiong; Harper, Stacey L; Steevens, Jeffery A; Xu, Roger</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>As more engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (eNM) are developed for a wide range of applications, it is crucial to minimize any unintended environmental impacts resulting from the application of eNM. To realize this vision, industry and policymakers must <span class="hlt">base</span> risk management decisions on sound scientific information about the environmental fate of eNM, their availability to receptor organisms (eg, uptake), and any resultant biological effects (eg, toxicity). To address this critical need, we developed a model-driven, data mining system called NEIMiner, to study <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> environmental impact (NEI). NEIMiner consists of four components: NEI modeling framework, data integration, data management and access, and model building. The NEI modeling framework defines the scope of NEI modeling and the strategy of integrating NEI models to form a layered, comprehensive predictability. The data integration layer brings together heterogeneous data sources related to NEI via automatic web services and web scraping technologies. The data management and access layer reuses and extends a popular content management system (CMS), Drupal, and consists of modules that model the complex data structure for NEI-related bibliography and characterization data. The model building layer provides an advanced analysis capability for NEI data. Together, these components provide significant value to the process of aggregating and analyzing large-scale distributed NEI data. A prototype of the NEIMiner system is available at http://neiminer.i-a-i.com/.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3790276','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3790276"><span>NEIMiner: <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> environmental impact data miner</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tang, Kaizhi; Liu, Xiong; Harper, Stacey L; Steevens, Jeffery A; Xu, Roger</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>As more engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (eNM) are developed for a wide range of applications, it is crucial to minimize any unintended environmental impacts resulting from the application of eNM. To realize this vision, industry and policymakers must <span class="hlt">base</span> risk management decisions on sound scientific information about the environmental fate of eNM, their availability to receptor organisms (eg, uptake), and any resultant biological effects (eg, toxicity). To address this critical need, we developed a model-driven, data mining system called NEIMiner, to study <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> environmental impact (NEI). NEIMiner consists of four components: NEI modeling framework, data integration, data management and access, and model building. The NEI modeling framework defines the scope of NEI modeling and the strategy of integrating NEI models to form a layered, comprehensive predictability. The data integration layer brings together heterogeneous data sources related to NEI via automatic web services and web scraping technologies. The data management and access layer reuses and extends a popular content management system (CMS), Drupal, and consists of modules that model the complex data structure for NEI-related bibliography and characterization data. The model building layer provides an advanced analysis capability for NEI data. Together, these components provide significant value to the process of aggregating and analyzing large-scale distributed NEI data. A prototype of the NEIMiner system is available at http://neiminer.i-a-i.com/. PMID:24098076</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10090E..0BA','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017SPIE10090E..0BA"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span>-enhanced frequency combs (Conference Presentation)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Armani, Andrea M.; Castro-Beltran, Rigoberto; Diep, Vinh; Gungor, Eda; Shen, Xiaoqin; Soltani, Soheil</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>Optical cavities are able to confine and store specific wavelengths of light, acting as optical amplifiers at those wavelengths. Because the amount of amplification is directly related to the cavity quality factor (Q) (or the cavity finesse), frequency comb research has focused on high-Q and ultra-high Q microcavities fabricated from a range of materials using a variety of methods. In all cases, the comb generation relies on a nonlinear process known as parametric frequency conversion which is <span class="hlt">based</span> on a third order nonlinear interaction and which results in four wave mixing (FWM). Clearly, this approach requires significant optical power, which was the original motivation for using ultra-high-Q cavities. In fact, the majority of research to date has focused on pursuing increasingly high Q factors. However, another strategy is to improve the nonlinearity of the resonator through intelligently designing materials for this application. In the present work, a suite of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (organic and inorganic) have been intelligently designed with the explicit purpose to enhance the nonlinearity of the resonator and reducing the threshold for frequency comb generation in the near-IR. The <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> do not change the structure of the comb and only act to reduce the comb threshold. The silica microcavity is used as a testbed for initial demonstration and verification purposes. However, the fundamental strategy is translatable to other whispering gallery mode cavities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3...23C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NanoC...3...23C"><span>Multidimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for the control of stem cell fate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chueng, Sy-Tsong Dean; Yang, Letao; Zhang, Yixiao; Lee, Ki-Bum</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Current stem cell therapy suffers low efficiency in giving rise to differentiated cell lineages, which can replace the original damaged cells. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, on the other hand, provide unique physical size, surface chemistry, conductivity, and topographical microenvironment to regulate stem cell differentiation through multidimensional approaches to facilitate gene delivery, cell-cell, and cell-ECM interactions. In this review, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are demonstrated to work both alone and synergistically to guide selective stem cell differentiation. From three different nanotechnology families, three approaches are shown: (1) soluble microenvironmental factors; (2) insoluble physical microenvironment; and (3) nano-topographical features. As regenerative medicine is heavily invested in effective stem cell therapy, this review is inspired to generate discussions in the potential clinical applications of multi-dimensional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanot..27B4003S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanot..27B4003S"><span>Interaction of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with hydrophobic organic pollutants</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sahle-Demessie, E.; Han, Changseok; Zhao, Amy; Hahn, Bill; Grecsek, Heidi</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>As <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> become an increasing part of everyday consumer products, it is imperative to monitor their potential release during production, use and disposal, and to assess their impact on the health of humans and the ecosystem. This necessitates research to better understand how the properties of engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) lead to their accumulation and redistribution in the environment, and to assess whether they could become novel pollutants or if they can affect the mobility and bioavailability of other toxins. This study focuses on understanding the influence of nanostructured-TiO2 and the interaction of multi-walled carbon nanotubes with organic pollutants in water. We studied the adsorption and water phase dispersion of model pollutants with relatively small water solubility (i.e., two- and three-ring polyaromatic hydrocarbons and insecticides) with respect to ENMs. The sorption of pollutants was measured <span class="hlt">based</span> on water phase analysis, and by separating suspended particles from the water phase and analyzing dried samples using integrated thermal-chromatographic-mass spectroscopic (TGA/GC/MS) techniques. Solid phase analysis using a combination of TGA/GC/MS is a novel technique that can provide real-time quantitative analysis and which helps to understand the interaction of hydrophobic organic pollutants and ENMs. The adsorption of these contaminants to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> increased the concentration of the contaminants in the aqueous phase as compared to the ‘real’ partitioning due to the octanol-water partitioning. The study showed that ENMs can significantly influence the adsorption and dispersion of hydrophobic/low water soluble contaminants. The type of ENM, the exposure to light, and the water pH have a significant influence on the partitioning of pollutants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=255733&Lab=NERL&keyword=technology+AND+electrical&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=255733&Lab=NERL&keyword=technology+AND+electrical&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Colloidal Properties and Stability of Graphene Oxide <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in the Aquatic Environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>While graphene oxide (GO) has been found to be the most toxic graphene-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, its environmental fate is still unexplored. In this study, the aggregation kinetics and stability of GO were investigated using time-resolved dynamic light scattering over a wide range of a...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2065G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JPhCS.429a2065G"><span>Concerns related to Safety Management of Engineered <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in research environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Groso, A.; Meyer, Th</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Since the rise of occupational safety and health research on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> a lot of progress has been made in generating health effects and exposure data. However, when detailed quantitative risk analysis is in question, more research is needed, especially quantitative measures of workers exposure and standards to categorize toxicity/hazardousness data. In the absence of dose-response relationships and quantitative exposure measurements, control banding (CB) has been widely adopted by OHS community as a pragmatic tool in implementing a risk management strategy <span class="hlt">based</span> on a precautionary approach. Being in charge of health and safety in a Swiss university, where <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are largely used and produced, we are also faced with the challenge related to <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>' occupational safety. In this work, we discuss the field application of an in-house risk management methodology similar to CB as well as some other methodologies. The challenges and issues related to the process will be discussed. Since exact data on <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> hazardousness are missing for most of the situations, we deduce that the outcome of the analysis for a particular process is essentially the same with a simple methodology that determines only exposure potential and the one taking into account the hazardousness of ENPs. It is evident that when reliable data on hazardousness factors (as surface chemistry, solubility, carcinogenicity, toxicity etc.) will be available, more differentiation will be possible in determining the risk for different materials. On the protective measures side, all CB methodologies are inclined to overprotection side, only that some of them suggest comprehensive protective/preventive measures and others remain with basic advices. The implementation and control of protective measures in research environment will also be discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27734061','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27734061"><span>Is the risk from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> perceived as different from the risk of 'chemicals' by the Australian public?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Capon, Adam; Rolfe, Margaret; Gillespie, James; Smith, Wayne</p> <p>2016-04-15</p> <p>Manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in Australia are managed predominantly through existing chemical regulatory frameworks. Many Australian government regulators have suggested the framing of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as 'chemicals' when communicating about manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to the general public. This paper aims to determine whether the Australian public perception of manufactured <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> differs to that of 'chemicals', and to examine the relationship between attitudes towards chemicals and perceptions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk. We undertook a computerised assisted telephone survey of the Australian public. Analysis was undertaken using descriptive, paired tests of proportion, paired t-test and logistic regression techniques. We explored perceptions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk and their relationship to perceptions of chemical risk and 'chemical attitudes'. We found that the public perceives <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in a more favourable light than it does chemicals. Perception of risk from chemicals had the greatest association with perceived <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk (adjusted odds ratios between 0.1 and 0.2) and that attitudes to chemicals were associated with perception of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> risk in some cases. Risk communicators and policy makers need to consider the differences and associations between <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and chemicals when addressing the regulatory aspects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with the public. This is relevant for communication strategies that attempt to normalise the risks from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> compared with those of chemicals, especially as <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are perceived to be less risky than chemicals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220322','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24220322"><span>Chemical modifications and bioconjugate reactions of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for sensing, imaging, drug delivery and therapy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Biju, Vasudevanpillai</p> <p>2014-02-07</p> <p>As prepared <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> of metals, semiconductors, polymers and carbon often need surface modifications such as ligand exchange, and chemical and bioconjugate reactions for various biosensor, bioanalytical, bioimaging, drug delivery and therapeutic applications. Such surface modifications help us to control the physico-chemical, toxicological and pharmacological properties of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Furthermore, introduction of various reactive functional groups on the surface of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> allows us to conjugate a spectrum of contrast agents, antibodies, peptides, ligands, drugs and genes, and construct multifunctional and hybrid <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for the targeted imaging and treatment of cancers. This tutorial review is intended to provide an introduction to newcomers about how chemical and bioconjugate reactions transform the surface of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> such as silica nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, gold quantum clusters, semiconductor quantum dots, carbon nanotubes, fullerene and graphene, and accordingly formulate them for applications such as biosensing, bioimaging, drug and gene delivery, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy and photothermal therapy. Nonetheless, controversial reports and our growing concerns about toxicity and pharmacokinetics of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> suggest the need for not only rigorous in vivo experiments in animal models but also novel <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for practical applications in the clinical settings. Further reading of original and review articles cited herein is necessary to buildup in-depth knowledge about the chemistry, bioconjugate chemistry and biological applications of individual <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2401C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JNR....16.2401C"><span>Hazard assessment of W and Mo sulphide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for automotive use</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Corazzari, Ingrid; Deorsola, Fabio A.; Gulino, Giulia; Aldieri, Elisabetta; Bensaid, Samir; Turci, Francesco; Fino, Debora</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Engineered <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (ENMs) are growing in interest and use due to the enhancements envisaged in many applications. ENM hazard identification and exposure scenarios are growing in interest too. Inhalation, ingestion and assimilation through skin during ENM production or use have to be considered as possible events, and potential ENM toxicity has to be investigated before new ENM-<span class="hlt">based</span> products are placed on the market. To design new ENM-<span class="hlt">based</span> additive in lubricants for automotive application, the European FP7 Project AddNano is investigating the use of fullerene-like inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, including transition metal disulphides. In this work, the potential toxicities of well-characterized pristine MoS2 and WS2 ENMs were evaluated by in vitro cellular and a cell-free chemical tests. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress on human pulmonary epithelial cells (A549), ENM surface reactivity (free radical production and lipid peroxidation), and ENM durability in simulated biological fluids were evaluated. In all tests, WS2 did not elicit a response significantly different from the negative control. MoS2 showed a moderate cellular toxicity at the highest dose and was inert in all other circumstances. Both WS2 and MoS2 were soluble in simulated biological fluids, suggesting a short durability in vivo. The low overall biological and chemical reactivity of WS2 and MoS2 suggests that tested <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are unlikely to be an hazard, as far as human respiratory system is concerned. Data could be usefully implemented in the context of environmental risk assessment and life cycle assessment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4437601','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4437601"><span>Application of dental <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: potential toxicity to the central nervous system</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Feng, Xiaoli; Chen, Aijie; Zhang, Yanli; Wang, Jianfeng; Shao, Longquan; Wei, Limin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1–100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood–brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems. PMID:25999717</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999717','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25999717"><span>Application of dental <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>: potential toxicity to the central nervous system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feng, Xiaoli; Chen, Aijie; Zhang, Yanli; Wang, Jianfeng; Shao, Longquan; Wei, Limin</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> are defined as materials with one or more external dimensions with a size of 1-100 nm. Such materials possess typical nanostructure-dependent properties (eg, chemical, biological, optical, mechanical, and magnetic), which may differ greatly from the properties of their bulk counterparts. In recent years, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been widely used in the production of dental materials, particularly in light polymerization composite resins and bonding systems, coating materials for dental implants, bioceramics, endodontic sealers, and mouthwashes. However, the dental applications of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> yield not only a significant improvement in clinical treatments but also growing concerns regarding their biosecurity. The brain is well protected by the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which separates the blood from the cerebral parenchyma. However, in recent years, many studies have found that nanoparticles (NPs), including nanocarriers, can transport through the BBB and locate in the central nervous system (CNS). Because the CNS may be a potential target organ of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, it is essential to determine the neurotoxic effects of NPs. In this review, possible dental <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their pathways into the CNS are discussed, as well as related neurotoxicity effects underlying the in vitro and in vivo studies. Finally, we analyze the limitations of the current testing methods on the toxicological effects of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. This review contributes to a better understanding of the nano-related risks to the CNS as well as the further development of safety assessment systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.2406D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...6.2406D"><span>The rapid size- and shape-controlled continuous hydrothermal synthesis of metal sulphide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dunne, Peter W.; Starkey, Chris L.; Gimeno-Fabra, Miquel; Lester, Edward H.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis offers a cheap, green and highly scalable route for the preparation of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which has predominantly been applied to metal oxide <span class="hlt">based</span> materials. In this work we report the first continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis of metal sulphide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A wide range of binary metal sulphides, ZnS, CdS, PbS, CuS, Fe(1-x)S and Bi2S3, have been synthesised. By varying the reaction conditions two different mechanisms may be invoked; a growth dominated route which permits the formation of nanostructured sulphide materials, and a nucleation driven process which produces nanoparticles with temperature dependent size control. This offers a new and industrially viable route to a wide range of metal sulphide nanoparticles with facile size and shape control.Continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis offers a cheap, green and highly scalable route for the preparation of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> which has predominantly been applied to metal oxide <span class="hlt">based</span> materials. In this work we report the first continuous flow hydrothermal synthesis of metal sulphide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. A wide range of binary metal sulphides, ZnS, CdS, PbS, CuS, Fe(1-x)S and Bi2S3, have been synthesised. By varying the reaction conditions two different mechanisms may be invoked; a growth dominated route which permits the formation of nanostructured sulphide materials, and a nucleation driven process which produces nanoparticles with temperature dependent size control. This offers a new and industrially viable route to a wide range of metal sulphide nanoparticles with facile size and shape control. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details, refinement procedure, fluorescence spectra of ZnS samples. See DOI: 10.1039/c3nr05749f</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1198272-nanomaterials-hydrogen-storage-applications-review','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1198272-nanomaterials-hydrogen-storage-applications-review"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Hydrogen Storage Applications: A Review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Niemann, Michael U.; Srinivasan, Sesha S.; Phani, Ayala R.; ...</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Nmore » anomaterials have attracted great interest in recent years because of the unusual mechanical, electrical, electronic, optical, magnetic and surface properties. The high surface/volume ratio of these materials has significant implications with respect to energy storage. Both the high surface area and the opportunity for <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> consolidation are key attributes of this new class of materials for hydrogen storage devices. anostructured systems including carbon nanotubes, nano-magnesium <span class="hlt">based</span> hydrides, complex hydride/carbon nanocomposites, boron nitride nanotubes, TiS 2 / MoS 2 nanotubes, alanates, polymer nanocomposites, and metal organic frameworks are considered to be potential candidates for storing large quantities of hydrogen. Recent investigations have shown that nanoscale materials may offer advantages if certain physical and chemical effects related to the nanoscale can be used efficiently. The present review focuses the application of nanostructured materials for storing atomic or molecular hydrogen. The synergistic effects of nanocrystalinity and nanocatalyst doping on the metal or complex hydrides for improving the thermodynamics and hydrogen reaction kinetics are discussed. In addition, various carbonaceous <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and novel sorbent systems (e.g. carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, nanofibers, polyaniline nanospheres and metal organic frameworks etc.) and their hydrogen storage characteristics are outlined.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMEM....440015Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JMEM....440015Y"><span>Functions of <span class="hlt">Nano-Materials</span> in Food Packaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yap, Ray Chin Chong; Kwablah, Amegadze Paul Seyram; He, Jiating; Li, Xu</p> <p></p> <p>Food packaging has been changing from bulky and rigid form in the past to different variation of lights and plastic packagings. Regardless of the changes, the packaging must be able to uphold its original function which is to serve as food containment as well as to protect the food from the external environment. Coupled with the increasing consumer’s awareness on food waste, higher standard of living, technological developments are underway to enhance the shelf-life of packed food as well as methods to provide indications of food packaging environment. There are many different indicators for food spoilage, but two commonly found gases in food packaging are oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is the main mechanism for food spoilage, while carbon dioxide is often used in modified-atmosphere-packaging. There are also different methods of gas scavenging and/or sensing techniques <span class="hlt">based</span> on different concepts in the literature. In this review, the focus will be on <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span>, namely titanium dioxide, silica, zeolites and metal organic frameworks. This review is structured in a manner to highlight how each material can be used in both gas scavenging and/or indicators applications. The last part of the review focuses on the approach and some key considerations when integrating <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> into the plastic film.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409201','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409201"><span>Bioinspired synthesis and self-assembly of hybrid organic–inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Honghu</p> <p></p> <p>Nature is replete with complex organic–inorganic hierarchical materials of diverse yet specific functions. These materials are intricately designed under physiological conditions through biomineralization and biological self-assembly processes. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to investigating mechanisms of such biomineralization and biological self-assembly processes as well as gaining inspiration to develop biomimetic methods for synthesis and self-assembly of functional <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. In this work, we focus on the bioinspired synthesis and self-assembly of functional inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> templated by specialized macromolecules including proteins, DNA and polymers. The in vitro biomineralization process of the magnetite biomineralizing protein Mms6 has been investigated using small-angle X-ray scattering.more » Templated by Mms6, complex magnetic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can be synthesized on surfaces and in the bulk. DNA and synthetic polymers have been exploited to construct macroscopic two- and three-dimensional (2D and 3D) superlattices of gold nanocrystals. Employing X-ray scattering and spectroscopy techniques, the self-assembled structures and the self-assembly mechanisms have been studied, and theoretical models have been developed. Our results show that specialized macromolecules including proteins, DNA and polymers act as effective templates for synthesis and self-assembly of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. These bottom-up approaches provide promising routes to fabricate hybrid organic–inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with rationally designed hierarchical structures, targeting specific functions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21042977','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21042977"><span>Assessment of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> cytotoxicity and internalization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zaki, Noha M; Tirelli, Nicola</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The impact that nanotechnology may have on life and medical sciences is immense and includes novel therapies as much as novel diagnostic and imaging tools, often offering the possibility to combine the two. It is, therefore, of the essence to understand and control the interactions that <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can have with cells, first at an individual level, focusing on, e.g., binding and internalization events, and then at a tissue level, where diffusion and long-range transport add further complications. Here, we present experimental methods <span class="hlt">based</span> on selective labeling techniques and the use of effectors for a qualitative and quantitative evaluation of endocytic phenomena involving nanoparticles. The understanding of the cell-material interactions arising from these tests can then form the basis for a model-<span class="hlt">based</span> evaluation of nanoparticles behavior in 3D tissues.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4899944','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4899944"><span>How should the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data be evaluated?†</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Marchese Robinson, Richard L.; Lynch, Iseult; Peijnenburg, Willie; Rumble, John; Klaessig, Fred; Marquardt, Clarissa; Rauscher, Hubert; Puzyn, Tomasz; Purian, Ronit; Åberg, Christoffer; Karcher, Sandra; Vriens, Hanne; Hoet, Peter; Hoover, Mark D.; Hendren, Christine Ogilvie; Harper, Stacey L.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Nanotechnology is of increasing significance. Curation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data into electronic databases offers opportunities to better understand and predict nanomaterials’ behaviour. This supports innovation in, and regulation of, nanotechnology. It is commonly understood that curated data need to be sufficiently complete and of sufficient quality to serve their intended purpose. However, assessing data completeness and quality is non-trivial in general and is arguably especially difficult in the nanoscience area, given its highly multidisciplinary nature. The current article, part of the <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Data Curation Initiative series, addresses how to assess the completeness and quality of (curated) <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. In order to address this key challenge, a variety of related issues are discussed: the meaning and importance of data completeness and quality, existing approaches to their assessment and the key challenges associated with evaluating the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data. Considerations which are specific to the nanoscience area and lessons which can be learned from other relevant scientific disciplines are considered. Hence, the scope of this discussion ranges from physicochemical characterisation requirements for <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and interference of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with nanotoxicology assays to broader issues such as minimum information checklists, toxicology data quality schemes and computational approaches that facilitate evaluation of the completeness and quality of (curated) data. This discussion is informed by a literature review and a survey of key <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data curation stakeholders. Finally, drawing upon this discussion, recommendations are presented concerning the central question: how should the completeness and quality of curated <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> data be evaluated? PMID:27143028</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28626123','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28626123"><span>Significance of Intratracheal Instillation Tests for the Screening of Pulmonary Toxicity of <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morimoto, Yasuo; Izumi, Hiroto; Yoshiura, Yukiko; Fujisawa, Yuri; Fujita, Katsuhide</p> <p></p> <p>Inhalation tests are the gold standard test for the estimation of the pulmonary toxicity of respirable materials. Intratracheal instillation tests have been used widely, but they yield limited evidence of the harmful effects of respirable materials. We reviewed the effectiveness of intratracheal instillation tests for estimating the hazards of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, mainly using research papers featuring intratracheal instillation and inhalation tests centered on a Japanese national project. Compared to inhalation tests, intratracheal instillation tests induced more acute inflammatory responses in the animal lung due to a bolus effect regardless of the toxicity of the <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. However, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with high toxicity induced persistent inflammation in the chronic phase, and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with low toxicity induced only transient inflammation. Therefore, in order to estimate the harmful effects of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>, an observation period of 3 months or 6 months following intratracheal instillation is necessary. Among the endpoints of pulmonary toxicity, cell count and percentage of neutrophil, chemokines for neutrophils and macrophages, and oxidative stress markers are considered most important. These markers show persistent and transient responses in the lung from <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with high and low toxicity, respectively. If the evaluation of the pulmonary toxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is performed in not only the acute but also the chronic phase in order to avoid the bolus effect of intratracheal instillation and inflammatory-related factors that are used as endpoints of pulmonary toxicity, we speculate that intratracheal instillation tests can be useful for screening for the identification of the hazard of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> through pulmonary inflammation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030001007&hterms=NANOMATERIALS&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DNANOMATERIALS','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030001007&hterms=NANOMATERIALS&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DNANOMATERIALS"><span>Carbon <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> as Reinforcements for Composites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Shen; Su, Ching-Hua; Lehoczky, S. L.; Curreri, Peter A. (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>Carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> including fellerenes, nanotubes (CNT) and nanofibers have been proposed for many applications. One of applications is to use the carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as reinforcements for composites, especially for polymer matrices. Carbon nanotubes is a good reinforcement for lightweight composite applications due to its low mass density and high Young's modulus. Two obscures need to overcome for carbon nanotubes as reinforcements in composites, which are large quantity production and functioning the nanotubes. This presentation will discuss the carbon nanotube growth by chemical vapor deposition. In order to reduce the cost of producing carbon nanotubes as well as preventing the sliding problems, carbon nanotubes were also synthesized on carbon fibers. The synthesis process and characterization results of nanotubes and nanotubes/fibers will be discussed in the presentation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27877637','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27877637"><span>Creating biological <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using synthetic biology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rice, MaryJoe K; Ruder, Warren C</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Synthetic biology is a new discipline that combines science and engineering approaches to precisely control biological networks. These signaling networks are especially important in fields such as biomedicine and biochemical engineering. Additionally, biological networks can also be critical to the production of naturally occurring biological <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and as a result, synthetic biology holds tremendous potential in creating new materials. This review introduces the field of synthetic biology, discusses how biological systems naturally produce materials, and then presents examples and strategies for incorporating synthetic biology approaches in the development of new materials. In particular, strategies for using synthetic biology to produce both organic and inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are discussed. Ultimately, synthetic biology holds the potential to dramatically impact biological materials science with significant potential applications in medical systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..MARC39006R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013APS..MARC39006R"><span>Redox electrodes comprised of polymer-modified carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Roberts, Mark; Emmett, Robert; Karakaya, Mehmet; Podila, Ramakrishna; Rao, Apparao; Clemson Physics Team; Clemson Chemical Engineering Team</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>A shift in how we generate and use electricity requires new energy storage materials and systems compatible with hybrid electric transportation and the integration of renewable energy sources. Supercapacitors provide a solution to these needs by combining the high power, rapid switching, and exceptional cycle life of a capacitor with the high energy density of a battery. Our research brings together nanotechnology and materials chemistry to address the limitations of electrode materials. Paper electrodes fabricated with various forms of carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, such as nanotubes, are modified with redox-polymers to increase the electrode's energy density while maintaining rapid discharge rates. In these systems, the carbon <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> provide the high surface area, electrical conductivity, nanoscale and porosity, while the redox polymers provide a mechanism for charge storage through Faradaic charge transfer. The design of redox polymers and their incorporation into <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> electrodes will be discussed with a focus on enabling high power and high energy density electrodes.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008namb.book....1F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008namb.book....1F"><span>Biocompatible <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> and Nanodevices Promising for Biomedical Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Firkowska, Izabela; Giannona, Suna; Rojas-Chapana, José A.; Luecke, Klaus; Brüstle, Oliver; Giersig, Michael</p> <p></p> <p>Nanotechnology applied to biology requires a thorough understanding of how molecules, sub-cellular entities, cells, tissues, and organs function and how they are structured. The merging of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and life science into hybrids of controlled organization and function is possible, assuming that biology is nanostructured, and therefore man-made <span class="hlt">nano-materials</span> can structurally mimic nature and complement each other. By taking advantage of their special properties, <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can stimulate, respond to and interact with target cells and tissues in controlled ways to induce desired physiological responses with a minimum of undesirable effects. To fulfill this goal the fabrication of nano-engineered materials and devices has to consider the design of natural systems. Thus, engineered micro-nano-featured systems can be applied to biology and biomedicine to enable new functionalities and new devices. These include, among others, nanostructured implants providing many advantages over existing, conventional ones, nanodevices for cell manipulation, and nanosensors that would provide reliable information on biological processes and functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620023','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28620023"><span>Synthetic biology engineering of biofilms as <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> factories.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nguyen, Peter Q</p> <p>2017-06-15</p> <p>Bottom-up fabrication of nanoscale materials has been a significant focus in materials science for expanding our technological frontiers. This assembly concept, however, is old news to biology - all living organisms fabricate themselves using bottom-up principles through a vast self-organizing system of incredibly complex biomolecules, a marvelous dynamic that we are still attempting to unravel. Can we use what we have gleaned from biology thus far to illuminate alternative strategies for designer <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> manufacturing? In the present review article, new synthetic biology efforts toward using bacterial biofilms as platforms for the synthesis and secretion of programmable <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> are described. Particular focus is given to self-assembling functional amyloids found in bacterial biofilms as re-engineerable modular nanomolecular components. Potential applications and existing challenges for this technology are also explored. This novel approach for repurposing biofilm systems will enable future technologies for using engineered living systems to grow artificial <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. © 2017 The Author(s); published by Portland Press Limited on behalf of the Biochemical Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.........8Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhDT.........8Y"><span>Bottom-Up Syntheses and Characterization of One Dimensional <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yeh, Yao-Wen</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>, materials having at least one dimension below 100 nm, have been creating exciting opportunities for fundamental quantum confinement studies and applications in electronic devices and energy technologies. One obvious and important aspect of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is their production. Although nanostructures can be obtained by top-down reductive e-beam lithography and focused ion beam processes, further development of these processes is needed before these techniques can become practical routes to large scale production. On the other hand, bottom-up syntheses, with advantages in material diversity, throughput, and the potential for large volume production, may provide an alternative strategy for creating nanostructures. In this work, we explore syntheses of one dimensional nanostructures <span class="hlt">based</span> on hydrothermal and arc discharge methods. The first project presented in this thesis involves syntheses of technologically important <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their potential application in energy harvesting. In particular, it was demonstrated that single crystal ferroelectric lead magnesium niobate lead titanate (PMN-PT) nanowires can be synthesized by a hydrothermal route. The chemical composition of the synthesized nanowires is near the rhombohedral-monoclinic boundary of PMN-PT, which leads to a high piezoelectric coefficient of 381 pm/V. Finally, the potential use of PMN-PT nanowires in energy harvesting applications was also demonstrated. The second part of this thesis involves the synthesis of carbon and boron nitride nanotubes by dc arc discharges. In particular, we investigated how local plasma related properties affected the synthesis of carbon nanostructures. Finally, we investigated the anodic nature of the arc and how a dc arc discharge can be applied to synthesize boron nitride nanotubes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24666323','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24666323"><span>Microwave-assisted chemistry: synthetic applications for rapid assembly of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and organics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gawande, Manoj B; Shelke, Sharad N; Zboril, Radek; Varma, Rajender S</p> <p>2014-04-15</p> <p>The magic of microwave (MW) heating technique, termed the Bunsen burner of the 21st century, has emerged as a valuable alternative in the synthesis of organic compounds, polymers, inorganic materials, and <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Important innovations in MW-assisted chemistry now enable chemists to prepare catalytic materials or <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and desired organic molecules, selectively, in almost quantitative yields and with greater precision than using conventional heating. By controlling the specific MW parameters (temperature, pressure, and ramping of temperature) and choice of solvents, researchers can now move into the next generation of advanced <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> design and development. Microwave-assisted chemical reactions are now well-established practices in the laboratory setting although some controversy lingers as to how MW irradiation is able to enhance or influence the outcome of chemical reactions. Much of the discussion has focused on whether the observed effects can, in all instances, be rationalized by purely thermal Arrhenius-<span class="hlt">based</span> phenomena (thermal microwave effects), that is, the importance of the rapid heating and high bulk reaction temperatures that are achievable using MW dielectric heating in sealed reaction vessels, or whether these observations can be explained by so-called "nonthermal" or "specific microwave" effects. In recent years, innovative and significant advances have occurred in MW hardware development to help delineate MW effects, especially the use of silicon carbide (SiC) reaction vessels and the accurate measurement of temperature using fiber optic (FO) temperature probes. SiC reactors appear to be good alternatives to MW transparent borosilicate glass, because of their high microwave absorptivity, and as such they serve as valuable tools to demystify the claimed magical MW effects. This enables one to evaluate the influence of the electromagnetic field on the specific chemical reactions, under truly identical conventional heating</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......198S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......198S"><span>Contributions and mechanisms of action of graphite <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in ultra high performance concrete</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sbia, Libya Ahmed</p> <p></p> <p>Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) reaches high strength and impermeability levels by using a relatively large volume fraction of a dense binder with fine microstructure in combination with high-quality aggregates of relatively small particle size, and reinforcing fibers. The dense microstructure of the cementitions binder is achieved by raising the packing density of the particulate matter, which covers sizes ranging from few hundred nanometers to few millimeters. The fine microstructure of binder in UHPC is realized by effective use of pozzolans to largely eliminate the coarse crystalline particles which exist among cement hydrates. UHPC incorporates (steel) fibers to overcome the brittleness of its dense, finely structured cementitious binder. The main thrust of this research is to evaluate the benefits of nanmaterials in UHPC. The dense, finely structure cementitious binder as well as the large volume fraction of the binder in UHPC benefit the dispersion of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and their interfacial interactions. The relatively close spacing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> within the cementitious binder of UHPC enables them to render local reinforcement effects in critically stressed regions such as those in the vicinity of steel reinforcement and prestressing strands as well as fibers. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> can also raise the density of the binder in UHPC by extending the particle size distribution down to the few nanometers range. Comprehensive experimental studies supported by theoretical investigations were undertake in order to optimize the use of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in UHPC, identity the UHPC (mechanical) properties which benefit from the introduction of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and define the mechanisms of action of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in UHPC. Carbon nanofiber was the primary <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> used in this investigation. Some work was also conducted with graphite nanoplates. The key hypotheses of the project were as follows: (i) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can make important contributions to the packing density of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543350','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29543350"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> in Neural-Stem-Cell-Mediated Regenerative Medicine: Imaging and Treatment of Neurological Diseases.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Bingbo; Yan, Wei; Zhu, Yanjing; Yang, Weitao; Le, Wenjun; Chen, Bingdi; Zhu, Rongrong; Cheng, Liming</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Patients are increasingly being diagnosed with neuropathic diseases, but are rarely cured because of the loss of neurons in damaged tissues. This situation creates an urgent clinical need to develop alternative treatment strategies for effective repair and regeneration of injured or diseased tissues. Neural stem cells (NSCs), highly pluripotent cells with the ability of self-renewal and potential for multidirectional differentiation, provide a promising solution to meet this demand. However, some serious challenges remaining to be addressed are the regulation of implanted NSCs, tracking their fate, monitoring their interaction with and responsiveness to the tissue environment, and evaluating their treatment efficacy. <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> have been envisioned as innovative components to further empower the field of NSC-<span class="hlt">based</span> regenerative medicine, because their unique physicochemical characteristics provide unparalleled solutions to the imaging and treatment of diseases. By building on the advantages of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, tremendous efforts have been devoted to facilitate research into the clinical translation of NSC-<span class="hlt">based</span> therapy. Here, recent work on emerging <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is highlighted and their performance in the imaging and treatment of neurological diseases is evaluated, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of various imaging modalities currently used. The underlying mechanisms of therapeutic efficacy are discussed, and future research directions are suggested. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372398-effects-metal-composition-ratio-peptide-templated-multimetallic-pdpt-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1372398-effects-metal-composition-ratio-peptide-templated-multimetallic-pdpt-nanomaterials"><span>Effects of Metal Composition and Ratio on Peptide-Templated Multimetallic PdPt <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Merrill, Nicholas A.; Nitka, Tadeusz T.; McKee, Erik M.</p> <p></p> <p>It can be difficult to simultaneously control the size, composition, and morphology of metal <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> under benign aqueous conditions. For this, bio-inspired approaches have become increasing popular due to their ability to stabilize a wide array of metal catalysts under ambient conditions. In this regard, we used the R5 peptide as a 3D template for the formation of PdPt bimetallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Monometallic Pd and Pt <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been shown to be highly reactive towards a variety of catalytic processes, but by forming bimetallic species, increased catalytic activity may be realized. The optimal metal-to-metal ratio was determined by varying the Pd:Ptmore » ratio to obtain the largest increase in catalytic activity. To better understand the morphology and the local atomic structure of the materials, the bimetallic PdPt <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were extensively studied using transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analysis. The resulting PdPt materials were determined to form multicomponent nanostructures where the Pt component demonstrated varying degrees of oxidation <span class="hlt">based</span> upon the Pd:Pt ratio. To test the catalytic reactivity of the materials, olefin hydrogenation was conducted which indicated a slight catalytic enhancement for the multicomponent materials. These results suggest a strong correlation between the metal ratio and the stabilizing biotemplate in controlling the final materials morphology, composition, and the interactions between the two metal species.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1344949-effects-metal-composition-ratio-peptide-templated-multimetallic-pdpt-nanomaterials','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1344949-effects-metal-composition-ratio-peptide-templated-multimetallic-pdpt-nanomaterials"><span>Effects of metal composition and ratio on peptide-templated multimetallic PdPt <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Merrill, Nicholas A.; Nitka, Tadeusz T.; McKee, Erik M.; ...</p> <p>2017-02-03</p> <p>It can be difficult to simultaneously control the size, composition, and morphology of metal <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> under benign aqueous conditions. For this, bioinspired approaches have become increasingly popular due to their ability to stabilize a wide array of metal catalysts under ambient conditions. In this regard, we used the R5 peptide as a three-dimensional template for formation of PdPt bimetallic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. Monometallic Pd and Pt <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been shown to be highly reactive toward a variety of catalytic processes, but by forming bimetallic species, increased catalytic activity may be realized. The optimal metal-to-metal ratio was determined by varying the Pd:Pt ratiomore » to obtain the largest increase in catalytic activity. To better understand the morphology and the local atomic structure of the materials, the bimetallic PdPt <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> were extensively studied by transmission electron microscopy, extended X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and pair distribution function analysis. The resulting PdPt materials were determined to form multicomponent nanostructures where the Pt component demonstrated varying degrees of oxidation <span class="hlt">based</span> upon the Pd:Pt ratio. To test the catalytic reactivity of the materials, olefin hydrogenation was conducted, which indicated a slight catalytic enhancement for the multicomponent materials. Finally, these results suggest a strong correlation between the metal ratio and the stabilizing biotemplate in controlling the final materials morphology, composition, and the interactions between the two metal species.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25818068','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25818068"><span>A decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (DF4nanoGrouping).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Arts, Josje H E; Hadi, Mackenzie; Irfan, Muhammad-Adeel; Keene, Athena M; Kreiling, Reinhard; Lyon, Delina; Maier, Monika; Michel, Karin; Petry, Thomas; Sauer, Ursula G; Warheit, David; Wiench, Karin; Wohlleben, Wendel; Landsiedel, Robert</p> <p>2015-03-15</p> <p>The European Centre for Ecotoxicology and Toxicology of Chemicals (ECETOC) 'Nano Task Force' proposes a Decision-making framework for the grouping and testing of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> (DF4nanoGrouping) that consists of 3 tiers to assign <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to 4 main groups, to perform sub-grouping within the main groups and to determine and refine specific information needs. The DF4nanoGrouping covers all relevant aspects of a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'s life cycle and biological pathways, i.e. intrinsic material and system-dependent properties, biopersistence, uptake and biodistribution, cellular and apical toxic effects. Use (including manufacture), release and route of exposure are applied as 'qualifiers' within the DF4nanoGrouping to determine if, e.g. <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> cannot be released from a product matrix, which may justify the waiving of testing. The four main groups encompass (1) soluble <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, (2) biopersistent high aspect ratio <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, (3) passive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, and (4) active <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>. The DF4nanoGrouping aims to group <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> by their specific mode-of-action that results in an apical toxic effect. This is eventually directed by a <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span>'s intrinsic properties. However, since the exact correlation of intrinsic material properties and apical toxic effect is not yet established, the DF4nanoGrouping uses the 'functionality' of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for grouping rather than relying on intrinsic material properties alone. Such functionalities include system-dependent material properties (such as dissolution rate in biologically relevant media), bio-physical interactions, in vitro effects and release and exposure. The DF4nanoGrouping is a hazard and risk assessment tool that applies modern toxicology and contributes to the sustainable development of nanotechnological products. It ensures that no studies are performed that do not provide crucial data and therefore saves animals and resources. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143952','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21143952"><span>Management of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> safety in research environment.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Groso, Amela; Petri-Fink, Alke; Magrez, Arnaud; Riediker, Michael; Meyer, Thierry</p> <p>2010-12-10</p> <p>Despite numerous discussions, workshops, reviews and reports about responsible development of nanotechnology, information describing health and environmental risk of engineered nanoparticles or <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is severely lacking and thus insufficient for completing rigorous risk assessment on their use. However, since preliminary scientific evaluations indicate that there are reasonable suspicions that activities involving <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> might have damaging effects on human health; the precautionary principle must be applied. Public and private institutions as well as industries have the duty to adopt preventive and protective measures proportionate to the risk intensity and the desired level of protection. In this work, we present a practical, 'user-friendly' procedure for a university-wide safety and health management of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, developed as a multi-stakeholder effort (government, accident insurance, researchers and experts for occupational safety and health). The process starts using a schematic decision tree that allows classifying the nano laboratory into three hazard classes similar to a control banding approach (from Nano 3--highest hazard to Nano1--lowest hazard). Classifying laboratories into risk classes would require considering actual or potential exposure to the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> as well as statistical data on health effects of exposure. Due to the fact that these data (as well as exposure limits for each individual material) are not available, risk classes could not be determined. For each hazard level we then provide a list of required risk mitigation measures (technical, organizational and personal). The target 'users' of this safety and health methodology are researchers and safety officers. They can rapidly access the precautionary hazard class of their activities and the corresponding adequate safety and health measures. We succeed in convincing scientist dealing with nano-activities that adequate safety measures and management are promoting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018364','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3018364"><span>Management of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> safety in research environment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Despite numerous discussions, workshops, reviews and reports about responsible development of nanotechnology, information describing health and environmental risk of engineered nanoparticles or <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> is severely lacking and thus insufficient for completing rigorous risk assessment on their use. However, since preliminary scientific evaluations indicate that there are reasonable suspicions that activities involving <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> might have damaging effects on human health; the precautionary principle must be applied. Public and private institutions as well as industries have the duty to adopt preventive and protective measures proportionate to the risk intensity and the desired level of protection. In this work, we present a practical, 'user-friendly' procedure for a university-wide safety and health management of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, developed as a multi-stakeholder effort (government, accident insurance, researchers and experts for occupational safety and health). The process starts using a schematic decision tree that allows classifying the nano laboratory into three hazard classes similar to a control banding approach (from Nano 3 - highest hazard to Nano1 - lowest hazard). Classifying laboratories into risk classes would require considering actual or potential exposure to the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> as well as statistical data on health effects of exposure. Due to the fact that these data (as well as exposure limits for each individual material) are not available, risk classes could not be determined. For each hazard level we then provide a list of required risk mitigation measures (technical, organizational and personal). The target 'users' of this safety and health methodology are researchers and safety officers. They can rapidly access the precautionary hazard class of their activities and the corresponding adequate safety and health measures. We succeed in convincing scientist dealing with nano-activities that adequate safety measures and management are promoting</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=338715&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=Stress&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=338715&Lab=NHEERL&keyword=Stress&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Metabolomic effects of CeO2, SiO2 and CuO metal oxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> on HepG2 cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>To better assess potential hepatotoxicity of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, human liver HepG2 cells were exposed for 3 days to five different CeO2 (either 30 or 100 μg/ml), 3 SiO2 <span class="hlt">based</span> (30 μg/ml) or 1 CuO (3 μg/ml) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with dry primary particle sizes ranging from 15 to 213 nm. Metabol...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425417','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4425417"><span>Enzyme-Responsive <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span> for Controlled Drug Delivery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hu, Quanyin; Katti, Prateek S.; Gu, Zhen</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Enzymes underpin physiological function and exhibit dysregulation in many disease-associated microenvironments and aberrant cell processes. Exploiting altered enzyme activity and expression for diagnostics, drug targeting, and drug release is tremendously promising. When combined with booming research in nanobiotechnology, enzyme-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for controlled drug release have achieved significant development and been studied as an important class of drug delivery devices in nanomedicine. In this review, we describe enzymes such as proteases, phospholipase and oxidoreductases that serve as delivery triggers. Subsequently, we explore recently developed enzyme-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with versatile applications for extracellular and intracellular drug delivery. We conclude by discussing future opportunities and challenges in this area. PMID:25251024</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...612273H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Nanos...612273H"><span>Enzyme-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for controlled drug delivery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hu, Quanyin; Katti, Prateek S.; Gu, Zhen</p> <p>2014-10-01</p> <p>Enzymes underpin physiological function and exhibit dysregulation in many disease-associated microenvironments and aberrant cell processes. Exploiting altered enzyme activity and expression for diagnostics, drug targeting, and drug release is tremendously promising. When combined with booming research in nanobiotechnology, enzyme-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> used for controlled drug release have achieved significant development and have been studied as an important class of drug delivery strategies in nanomedicine. In this review, we describe enzymes such as proteases, phospholipases and oxidoreductases that serve as delivery triggers. Subsequently, we explore recently developed enzyme-responsive <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> with versatile applications for extracellular and intracellular drug delivery. We conclude by discussing future opportunities and challenges in this area.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApPRv...2a1103L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015ApPRv...2a1103L"><span>Radiofrequency heating of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for cancer treatment: Progress, controversies, and future development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Xiaoming; Chen, Hui-jiuan; Chen, Xiaodong; Alfadhl, Yasir; Yu, Junsheng; Wen, Dongsheng</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>In recent years, the application of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to biological and biomedicine areas has attracted intensive interest. One of the hot topics is the <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> mediated radiofrequency (RF) hyperthermia or ablation, i.e., using RF fields/waves to heat tumor tissues treated with <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to destroy cancerous cells while minimizing the side-heating effect. However, there are currently many contradictive results reported concerning the heating effect of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> under a RF field. This paper provided a comprehensive review to <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> mediated RF ablation from both experimental and theoretical aspects. Three heating mechanisms were discussed, i.e., laser heating, magnetic field heating, and electric field heating in RF spectrum, with the focus on the last one. The results showed that while diluted pure metallic nanoparticles could be heated significantly by a laser through the surface plasmon resonance, they cannot be easily heated by a RF electric field. Further studies are proposed focusing on nanoparticle structure and morphology, electromagnetic frequency and localized heating effect to pave the way for future development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........22Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........22Z"><span>Noble metal <span class="hlt">based</span> plasmonic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their application for bio-imaging and photothermal therapy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhu, Dewei</p> <p></p> <p>During the past two decades, researchers have gained more and more insight into the manipulation of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> to create useful technologies. Numerous classes of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have been produced and studied <span class="hlt">based</span> upon their intriguing chemical and physical properties and their potential applications in diverse fields, ranging from electronics to renewable energy and biomedicine. In this dissertation, we describe the synthesis and potential biomedical applications of several types of noble metal-<span class="hlt">based</span> <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> in which we control size, shape, and coupling to other materials to tune their localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) interaction with light. We demonstrate the application of these novel nanostructures as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging and as photosensitizers for photothermal therapy. Chapter one first presents protocols for producing monodisperse spherical nanoparticles of gold and silver. The diameter of the nanospheres can be adjusted from less than 2 nm to greater than 10 nm by controlling the reaction conditions, including ligands that cap the nanosphere surfaces, reaction time, and reaction temperature. Next, we describe the synthesis of multi-branched Au nanocrystals with predominantly tripodal, tetrapodal and star-shaped morphologies. We demonstrate tuning of the LSPR energy in these materials by changing the branch length. In the third part of this chapter, we present a novel method for coupling heavily-doped p-type copper selenide (Cu2-xSe) NPs with Au NPs by seeded nanocrystal growth to form a new type of semiconductor-metal heterogeneous nanostructure. This new class of plasmonic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> can simultaneously exhibit two types of LSPR in a single system, producing a broad optical absorbance that is nearly flat across the near infrared (NIR) spectral region (750-1150nm), along with a small shoulder at 566 nm that originates from the Au NP. We conclude this first chapter by demonstrating the use of self-doped copper sulfide</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332127','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23332127"><span>Insights into biogenic and chemical production of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Faramarzi, Mohammad Ali; Sadighi, Armin</p> <p>2013-03-01</p> <p>The synthesis of inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanostructures by the means of diverse physical, chemical, and biological principles has been developed in recent decades. The nanoscale materials and structures creation continue to be an active area of researches due to the exciting properties of the resulting <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and their innovative applications. Despite physical and chemical approaches which have been used for a long time to produce <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span>, biological resources as green candidates that can replace old production methods have been focused in recent years to generate various inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) or other nanoscale structures. Cost-effective, eco-friendly, energy efficient, and nontoxic produced <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> using diverse biological entities have been received increasing attention in the last two decades in contrast to physical and chemical methods owe using toxic solvents, generate unwanted by-products, and high energy consumption which restrict the popularity of these ways employed in nanometric science and engineering. In this review, the biosynthesis of gold, silver, gold-silver alloy, magnetic, semiconductor nanocrystals, silica, zirconia, titania, palladium, bismuth, selenium, antimony sulfide, and platinum NPs, using bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, yeasts, plant extracts and also informational bio-macromolecules including proteins, polypeptides, DNA, and RNA have been reported extensively to mention the current status of the biological inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterial</span> production. In other hand, two well-known wet chemical techniques, namely chemical reduction and sol-gel methods, used to produce various types of nanocrystalline powders, metal oxides, and hybrid organic-inorganic <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> have presented. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1010272','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1010272"><span><span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Dispersion/Dissolution Characterization: Scientific Operating Procedure SOP-F-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>ER D C/ EL S R- 16 -1 Environmental Consequences of Nanotechnologies <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Dispersion/Dissolution Characterization Scientific...Nanotechnologies ERDC/EL SR-16-1 May 2016 <span class="hlt">Nanomaterial</span> Dispersion/Dissolution Characterization Scientific Operating Procedure SOP-F-1 Lesley Miller...diagnostic application. While microscopy represents the only available method for measuring particle size, this is very labor intensive and prone to</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......284C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT.......284C"><span>Graphene <span class="hlt">Based</span> <span class="hlt">Nanomaterials</span>: Synthesis and the Structural Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cao, Linlin</p> <p></p> <p>Along with the development of <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> and nanotechnology, graphene has attracted great attention due to its outstanding mechanical, electrical, and physical properties. Graphene oxide (GO), as a derivative of graphene, has also attracted great attention, especially as reinforcements for strong and lightweight composites. The most widely used method to synthesize GO is Hummers' method, which involves hazardous chemicals and is a time-consuming process. In this thesis work, I will introduce a green and feasible process to produce GO and nitrogen-doped GO directly from bio-waste materials without catalyst or substrate. Their applications as oxygen reduction reaction catalyst in fuel cell and fast electroactive actuator will be demonstrated. Then I will explore GO's application in poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) composites and poly(acrylamide) (PAM) hydrogels. Through interfacial evolution, GO/PDMS composites and GO/PAM hydrogels will be able to stiffen in response to applied cyclic loads. It is shown that the hybrid chemical and physical crosslinking network plays a critical role in the dynamic self-stiffening response. These results provide insight into the complicated nature at the interface between polymer chains and GO, and will help to develop self-stiffening artificial muscle and soft robotics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490138','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490138"><span>Polymer coated CaAl-layered double hydroxide <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> for potential calcium supplement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Tae-Hyun; Lee, Jeong-A; Choi, Soo-Jin; Oh, Jae-Min</p> <p>2014-12-05</p> <p>We have successfully prepared layered double hydroxide (LDH) <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> containing calcium and aluminum ions in the framework (CaAl-LDH). The surface of CaAl-LDH was coated with enteric polymer, Eudragit®L 100 in order to protect <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> from fast dissolution under gastric condition of pH 1.2. The X-ray diffraction patterns, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the pristine LDH was well prepared having hydrocalumite structure, and that the polymer effectively coated the surface of LDH without disturbing structure. From thermal analysis, it was determined that only a small amount (less than 1%) of polymer was coated on the LDH surface. Metal dissolution from LDH <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> was significantly reduced upon Eudragit®L 100 coating at pH 1.2, 6.8 and 7.4, which simulates gastric, enteric and plasma conditions, respectively, and the dissolution effect was the most suppressed at pH 1.2. The LDH <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> did not exhibit any significant cytotoxicity up to 1000 μg/mL and intracellular calcium concentration significantly increased in LDH-treated human intestinal cells. Pharmacokinetic study demonstrated absorption efficiency of Eudragit®L 100 coated LDH following oral administration to rats. Moreover, the LDH <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> did not cause acute toxic effect in vivo. All the results suggest the great potential of CaAl-LDH <span class="hlt">nanomaterials</span> as a calcium supplement.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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