Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes Among the NASA Astronaut Corps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Charvat, Jacqueline M.; Lee, Stuart M. C.; Wear, Mary L.; Stenger, Michael B.; Van Baalen, Mary

2018-01-01

BACKGROUND: Acute effects of spaceflight on the cardiovascular system have been studied extensively, but the combined chronic effects of spaceflight and aging are not well understood. Preparation for and participation in spaceflight activities are associated with changes in the cardiovascular system such as decreased carotid artery distensibility and decreased ventricular mass which may lead to an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, astronauts who travel into space multiple times or for longer durations may be at an increased risk across their lifespan. To that end, the purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of common cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes among the NASA astronaut corps during their active career and through retirement. METHODS: Cardiovascular disease outcomes were defined as reports of any of the following: myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization procedures (coronary artery bypass graft surgery [CABG] or percutaneous coronary intervention [PCI]), hypertension, stroke or transient ischemic attack [TIA], heart failure, or total CVD (as defined by the AHA - combined outcome of MI, Angina Pectoris, heart failure, stroke, and hypertension). Each outcome was identified individually from review of NASA's Electronic Medical Record (EMR), EKG reports, and death certificates using ICD-9 codes as well as string searches of physician notes of astronaut exams that occurred between 1959 and 2016. RESULTS: Of 338 NASA astronauts selected as of 2016, 9 reported an MI, 12 reported a revascularization procedure, (7 PCI and 5 CABG), 4 reported Angina (without MI), 5 reported heart failure, 9 reported stroke/TIA, and 96 reported hypertension. Total CVD was reported in 105 astronauts. No astronaut who had an MI or revascularization procedure flew a spaceflight mission following the event. All MI, revascularization, and stroke events occurred in male astronauts. When reviewing astronaut ECG reports, abnormal ECG reports were found

2017 NASA DAY IN MONTGOMERY

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-03-02

NASA ASTRONAUT DON PETTIT, RIGHT, A VETERAN OF THREE SPACEFLIGHTS, DISCUSSES CUBESAT TECHNOLOGY WITH UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA IN TUSCALOOSA STUDENTS, FROM LEFT, DAVID ENGLERT, MADISON KOONTZ AND CONNOR BURLESON.

ESA Astronaut Andreas Mogensen and NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik during NEEMO 19 communications training with instructors

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-08-21

Date: 08-21-14 Location: Bldg 36, 131 Subject: ESA Astronaut Andreas Mogensen and NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik during NEEMO 19 communications training with instructors Marcum Reagan and Barbara Janoiko Photographer: James Blair

Commercial crew astronauts on This Week @NASA – July 10, 2015

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-07-10

NASA has selected four astronauts to work closely with two U.S. commercial companies that will return human spaceflight launches to Florida’s Space Coast. NASA named veteran astronauts and experienced test pilots Robert Behnken, Eric Boe, Douglas Hurley and Sunita Williams to work closely with Boeing and SpaceX. NASA contracted with Boeing and SpaceX to develop crew transportation systems and provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station. The agency will select the commercial crew astronauts from this group of four for the first test, which is scheduled for 2017. Also, NASA’s newest astronauts, New Horizons still on track, Benefits for Humanity, Cargo ship arrives at space station, Training continues for next ISS crew and more!

NASA Remembers Gemini, Apollo Astronaut Dick Gordon

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-07

Astronaut Dick Gordon, command module pilot on Apollo 12, the second lunar landing mission, died on Monday, November 6 at the age of 88. A native of Seattle, Washington and 1951 graduate of the University of Washington, Gordon became an astronaut in 1963 after a career as a naval aviator. He spent more than 316 hours in space on two missions. He was the pilot for the three-day Gemini 11 mission in 1966 and performed two spacewalks. At the time of the flight, Gemini 11 set the world altitude record of 850 miles. Gordon made a second flight in 1969 as command pilot on Apollo 12 with spacecraft commander, Pete Conrad and lunar module pilot, Alan Bean. Throughout the 31-hour lunar surface stay by Conrad and Bean, Gordon remained in orbit around the moon on the command module, "Yankee Clipper." In November 2005, NASA honored Gordon with an Ambassador of Exploration award. NASA presented these prestigious awards to the astronauts who took part in the nation's Mercury, Gemini and Apollo space programs from 1961 to 1972.

Astronaut Jones donning EMU during space walk simulations for STS-59

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-08-16

Astronaut Thomas D. Jones, mission specialist, dons a space suit prior to participating in contingency space walk simulations at the JSC Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Jones is assisted by Frank Hernandez (left) and suit technician Charles Hudson of Hamilton Standard. Jones suit is weighted to that he can achieve a neutrally buoyant state once under water. Extravehicular tasks are not planned for the STS-59 mission, but a number of chores are rehearsed in case of failure of remote systems to perform those jobs.

NASA astronauts and industry experts check out the crew accommod

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-30

HAWTHORNE, Calif. -- NASA astronauts and industry experts check out the crew accommodations in the Dragon spacecraft under development by Space Exploration Technologies SpaceX of Hawthorne, Calif., for the agency's Commercial Crew Program. On top, from left, are NASA Crew Survival Engineering Team Lead Dustin Gohmert, NASA astronauts Tony Antonelli and Lee Archambault, and SpaceX Mission Operations Engineer Laura Crabtree. On bottom, from left, are SpaceX Thermal Engineer Brenda Hernandez and NASA astronauts Rex Walheim and Tim Kopra. In 2011, NASA selected SpaceX during Commercial Crew Development Round 2 CCDev2) activities to mature the design and development of a crew transportation system with the overall goal of accelerating a United States-led capability to the International Space Station. The goal of CCP is to drive down the cost of space travel as well as open up space to more people than ever before by balancing industry’s own innovative capabilities with NASA's 50 years of human spaceflight experience. Six other aerospace companies also are maturing launch vehicle and spacecraft designs under CCDev2, including Alliant Techsystems Inc. ATK, The Boeing Co., Excalibur Almaz Inc., Blue Origin, Sierra Nevada, and United Launch Alliance ULA. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew. Image credit: Space Exploration Technologies

Cerebrovascular Accident Incidence in the NASA Astronaut Population

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LaPelusa, Michael B.; Charvat, Jacqueline M.; Lee, Lesley R.; Wear, Mary L.; Van Baalen, Mary

2016-01-01

The development of atherosclerosis is strongly associated with an increased risk for cerebrovascular accidents (CVA), including stroke and transient ischemic attacks (TIA). Certain unique occupational exposures that individuals in the NASA astronaut corps face, specifically high-performance aircraft training, SCUBA training, and spaceflight, are hypothesized to cause changes to the cardiovascular system. These changes, which include (but are not limited to) oxidative damage as a result of radiation exposure and circadian rhythm disturbance, increased arterial stiffness, and increased carotid-intima-media thickness (CIMT), may contribute to the development of atherosclerosis and subsequent CVA. The purpose of this study was to review cases of CVA in the NASA astronaut corps and describe the comorbidities and occupational exposures associated with CVA.

NASA Astronaut Selection 2009: Behavioral Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holland, A.; Sipes, W.; Bevan, G.; Schmidt, L.; Slack, K.; Moomaw, R.; Vanderark, S.

2011-01-01

Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) is an operational group under medical sciences at NASA/Johnson Space Center. Astronaut applicant screening and assessment is one function of this group, along with psychological training, inflight behavioral support and family services. Direct BHP assessment spans 6-7 months of a 17-month overall selection process.

Pilot Fullerton dons ejection escape suit (EES) on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-23-165 (22-30 March 1982) --- Astronaut Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, dons ejection escape suit (EES) (high altitude pressure garment) life preserver unit (LPU) on forward port side of middeck above potable water tank. Fullerton also adjusts lapbelt fitting and helmet holddown strap. Photo credit: NASA

Compiling a Comprehensive EVA Training Dataset for NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, M. S.; Murry, J. D.; Lee, L. R.; Wear, M. L.; Van Baalen, M.

2016-01-01

Training for a spacewalk or extravehicular activity (EVA) is considered hazardous duty for NASA astronauts. This activity places astronauts at risk for decompression sickness as well as various musculoskeletal disorders from working in the spacesuit. As a result, the operational and research communities over the years have requested access to EVA training data to supplement their studies.

SPACESUIT DONNING AND DOFFING - ZERO-G TRAINING - DON PETERSON - STS-6

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-07-14

Spacesuit Donning and Doffing in Zero-G Training for Don Peterson of the STS-6 Crew with Astronaut Jerry Ross assisting; and, apparatus for testing the JSC Mechanically-Induced Settling Technology (MIST) Experiment. The training is being held aboard the KC-135 to simulate weightlessness. He is being assisted to don the lower torso of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) by an ILC Technician. 1. ASTRONAUT ROSS, JERRY L. - ZERO-G SUITING 2. SHUTTLE - EXPERIMENTS (MIST)

Image Detective 2.0: Engaging Citizen Scientists with NASA Astronaut Photography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Higgins, Melissa; Graff, Paige Valderrama; Heydorn, James; Jagge, Amy; Vanderbloemen, Lisa; Stefanov, William; Runco, Susan; Lehan, Cory; Gay, Pamela

2017-01-01

Image Detective 2.0 engages citizen scientists with NASA astronaut photography of the Earth obtained by crew members on the International Space Station (ISS). Engaged citizen scientists are helping to build a more comprehensive and searchable database by geolocating this imagery and contributing to new imagery collections. Image Detective 2.0 is the newest addition to the suite of citizen scientist projects available through CosmoQuest, an effort led by the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP) and supported through a NASA Science Mission Directorate Cooperative Agreement Notice award. CosmoQuest hosts a number of citizen science projects enabling individuals from around the world to engage in authentic NASA science. Image Detective 2.0, an effort that focuses on imagery acquired by astronauts on the International Space Station, builds on work initiated in 2012 by scientists and education specialists at the NASA Johnson Space Center. Through the many lessons learned, Image Detective 2.0 enhances the original project by offering new and improved options for participation. Existing users, as well as new Image Detective participants joining through the CosmoQuest platform, gain first-hand experience working with astronaut photography and become more engaged with this valuable data being obtained from the International Space Station. Citizens around the world are captivated by astronauts living and working in space. As crew members have a unique vantage point from which to view our Earth, the Crew Earth Observations (CEO) online database, referred to as the Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth (https://eol.jsc.nasa.gov/), provides a means for crew members to share their unique views of our home planet from the ISS with the scientific community and the public. Astronaut photography supports multiple uses including scientific investigations, visualizations, education, and outreach. These astronaut images record how the planet is changing over time, from human

NASA Astronaut Occupational Surveillance Program and Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health, LSAH, Astronaut Exposures and Risk in the Terrestrial and Spaceflight Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keprta, Sean R.; Tarver, William; Van Baalen, Mary; McCoy, Torin

2015-01-01

United States Astronauts have a very unique occupational exposure profile. In order to understand these risks and properly address them, the National Aeronautics and Atmospheric Administration, NASA, originally created the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health, LSAH. The first LSAH was designed to address a variety of needs regarding astronaut health and included a 3 to 1 terrestrial control population in order to compare United States "earth normal" disease and aging to that of a microgravity exposed astronaut. Over the years that program has been modified, now termed Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health, still LSAH. Astronaut spaceflight exposures have also changed, with the move from short duration shuttle flights to long duration stays on international space station and considerable terrestrial training activities. This new LSAH incorporates more of an occupational health and medicine model to the study of occupationally exposed astronauts. The presentation outlines the baseline exposures and monitoring of the astronaut population to exposures, both terrestrial, and in space.

Nasa astronauts, prosthetics and the manned space program.

PubMed

Frenger, Paul

2014-01-01

The author has collaborated with NASA astronauts, scientists and engineers since 2006. Manned deep space missions, beyond the Moon’s orbit, are being planned in this post-Shuttle era. The spacecraft required for longer flights will have relatively restricted crew interior volume. To decrease the negative impact of these tight quarters, the author has proposed recruiting smaller astronauts (abbreviated SAs), persons about one-half the height of current near-Earth crewmembers. This includes achondroplastic dwarfs, lower extremity amputees and persons with certain height-reducing birth defects such as phocomelia. To overcome issues of physical competence, strength and mobility of SAs, the author describes using advanced cybernetic prostheses for those with limb amputations or deformities, and motorized exoskeletons for the others. Muscle and bone-sparing space exercise programs for SAs should be simpler. For example, a motorized exoskeleton used for routine duties in space would also provide both resistance workouts and passive range of motion conditioning for the astronauts, even while resting. Complex personalized artificial intelligence functions may be added. These initial suggestions previously presented to NASA offer a starting point for deep space manned missions to the asteroid belt, Mars and beyond.

NASA honors Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr.

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-02

Apollo 13 astronaut and Biloxi native Fred Haise Jr. smiles during a Dec. 2 ceremony at Gorenflo Elementary School in Biloxi honoring his space career. During the ceremony, Haise was presented with NASA's Ambassador of Exploration Award (an encased moon rock). He subsequently presented the moon rock to Gorenflo officials for display at the school. Haise is best known as one of three astronauts who nursed a crippled Apollo 13 spacecraft back to Earth during a perilous 1970 mission. Although he was unable to walk on the moon as planned for that mission, Haise ended his astronaut career having logged 142 hours and 54 minutes in space. During the ceremony, he praised all those who contributed to the space program.

Remembering NASA Astronaut John Young, 1930-2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-06

Astronaut John Young, who walked on the Moon during Apollo 16 and commanded the first space shuttle mission, has passed away at the age of 87. This video tribute, which includes music and portions of Young’s own words from previous interviews and events, recounts some of the highlights of his storied career at NASA.

Cardiovascular Disease Risk in NASA Astronauts Across the Lifespan: Historical Cohort Studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Charvat, Jacqueline M.; Lee, Stuart M. C.; Davenport, Eddie; Barlow, Carolyn E.; Radford, Nina B.; De Fina, Laura F.; Stenger, Michael B.; Van Baalen, Mary

2017-01-01

Acute effects of spaceflight on the cardiovascular system have been studied extensively, but the combined chronic effects of spaceflight and aging are not well understood. Preparation for and participation in space flight activities are potentially associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors (e.g., altered dietary and exercise habits, physical and emotional stress, circadian shifts, radiation). Further, astronauts who travel into space multiple times may be at an increased risk across their lifespan. However, comparing the risk of cardiovascular disease in astronauts to other large cohorts is difficult. For example, comparisons between astronauts and large national cohorts, such as the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the National Health Information Survey, are hampered by significant differences in health status between astronauts and the general population, and most of these national studies fail to provide longitudinal data on population health. To address those limitations, NASA's Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health previously sought to compare the astronauts to a cohort of civil servants employed at the Johnson Space Center. However, differences between the astronauts and civil servants at the beginning of the study, as well as differential follow up, limited the ability to interpret the results. To resolve some of these limitations, two unique cohorts of healthy workers, U.S. Air Force aviators and Cooper Center Longitudinal Study participants, have been identified as potential comparison populations for the astronaut corps. The Air Force cohort was chosen due to similarities in health at selection, screening, and some occupational exposures that Air Force aviators endure, many of which mirror that of the astronaut corps. The Cooper Clinic cohort, a generally healthy prevention cohort, was chosen for the vast array of clinical cardiovascular measures collected in a longitudinal manner complementary to those collected on

NASA honors Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr.

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-02

Apollo 13 astronaut and Biloxi native Fred Haise Jr. was honored for a lifetime of achievement with NASA's Ambassador of Exploration Award during a Dec. 2 ceremony at Gorenflo Elementary School in Biloxi. Haise subsequently presented the moon rock award to Gorenflo for display at the school. Participating in the ceremony were (l to r): Gorenflo Principal Tina Thompson, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, Haise, Biloxi Public School District Superintendent Paul Tisdale and Stennis Director Gene Goldman.

NASA Astronaut Urinary Conditions Associated with Spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Law, Jennifer; Cole, Richard; Young, Millennia H.; Mason, Sara

2016-01-01

INTRODUCTION: Spaceflight is associated with many factors which may promote kidney stone formation, urinary retention, and/or Urinary Tract Infection (UTI). According to ISS mission predictions supplied by NASA's Integrated Medical Model, kidney stone is the second and sepsis (urosepsis as primary driver) the third most likely reason for emergent medical evacuation from the International Space Station (ISS). METHODS: Inflight and postflight medical records of NASA astronauts were reviewed for urinary retention, UTI and kidney stones during Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Mir, Shuttle, and ISS expeditions 1-38. RESULTS: NASA astronauts have had 7 cases of kidney stones in the 12 months after flight. Three of these cases occurred within 90 to 180 days after landing and one of the seven cases occurred in the first 90 days after flight. There have been a total of 16 cases (0.018 events per person-flights) of urinary retention during flight. The event rates per mission are nearly identical between Shuttle and ISS flights (0.019 vs 0.021 events per person-flights). In 12 of the 16 cases, astronauts had taken at least one space motion sickness medication. Upon further analysis, it was determined that the odds of developing urinary retention in spaceflight is 3 times higher among astronauts who took promethazine. The female to male odds ratio for inflight urinary retention is 11:14. An astronaut with urinary retention is 25 times more likely to have a UTI with a 17% infection rate per mission. There have been 9 reported UTIs during spaceflight. DISCUSSION: It is unclear if spaceflight carries an increased post-flight risk of kidney stones. Regarding urinary retention, the female to male odds ratio is higher during flight compared to the general population where older males comprise almost all cases due to prostatic hypertrophy. This female prevalence in spaceflight is even more concerning given the fact that there have been many more males in space than females. Terrestrial

Alan Bean and Don Peterson Wreath Laying Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-30

NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex hosted two remembrance ceremonies Wednesday, May 30 in honor of astronauts Alan Bean and Don Peterson, respectively. Bean, a member of the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame was selected to join NASA’s third astronaut class in 1963. He was the fourth person to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 12 mission in 1969. Bean went on to become the commander of the second crewed flight of Skylab in 1973 and an accomplished artist during his retirement. He passed away on May 26 at the age of 86. Peterson became a NASA astronaut in 1969. He flew on the maiden voyage of Space Shuttle Challenger in 1983 and was one of the first astronauts to perform a spacewalk from the shuttle. He passed away on May 27 at the age of 84.WreatWreljklaejlkjawekjwWwewerewrwefdsfdsgdfgsdfggdfsgdfsgdfsfdgdffgddsfgrtWrjelkwjlkrewsadjkl

Protecting the Health of Astronauts: Enhancing Occupational Health Monitoring and Surveillance for Former NASA Astronauts to Understand Long-Term Outcomes of Spaceflight-Related Exposures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rossi, Meredith; Lee, Lesley; Wear, Mary; Van Baalen, Mary; Rhodes, Bradley

2017-01-01

The astronaut community is unique, and may be disproportionately exposed to occupational hazards not commonly seen in other communities. The extent to which the demands of the astronaut occupation and exposure to spaceflight-related hazards affect the health of the astronaut population over the life course is not completely known. A better understanding of the individual, population, and mission impacts of astronaut occupational exposures is critical to providing clinical care, targeting occupational surveillance efforts, and planning for future space exploration. The ability to characterize the risk of latent health conditions is a significant component of this understanding. Provision of health screening services to active and former astronauts ensures individual, mission, and community health and safety. Currently, the NASA-Johnson Space Center (JSC) Flight Medicine Clinic (FMC) provides extensive medical monitoring to active astronauts throughout their careers. Upon retirement, astronauts may voluntarily return to the JSC FMC for an annual preventive exam. However, current retiree monitoring includes only selected screening tests, representing an opportunity for augmentation. The potential long-term health effects of spaceflight demand an expanded framework of testing for former astronauts. The need is two-fold: screening tests widely recommended for other aging populations are necessary to rule out conditions resulting from the natural aging process (e.g., colonoscopy, mammography); and expanded monitoring will increase NASA's ability to better characterize conditions resulting from astronaut occupational exposures. To meet this need, NASA has begun an extensive exploration of the overall approach, cost, and policy implications of e an Astronaut Occupational Health program to include expanded medical monitoring of former NASA astronauts. Increasing the breadth of monitoring services will ultimately enrich the existing evidence base of occupational health risks

Video- Astronauts Don Pettit and Ken Bowersox Paint Water Onboard the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Saturday Morning Science, the science of opportunity series of applied experiments and demonstrations, performed aboard the International Space Station (ISS) by Expedition 6 astronaut Dr. Don Pettit, revealed some remarkable findings. Science begets art in this video as Dr. Pettit and commander Ken Bowersox demonstrate two dimensional diffusion using food coloring in a film of water when they created an intriguing birdlike image. Dr. Pettit wonders aloud 'It makes us wonder what Matisse could do with a medium like this.'

Pilot Fullerton dons anti-g and ejection escape suit (EES) on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-31

S82-28922 (30 March 1982) --- Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, floats upside down in the zero-gravity environment of the middeck area of the Earth-orbiting space shuttle Columbia as he dons a modified USAF high altitude pressure garment. The brownish ejection/escape suit is used by the astronauts at launch and entry. Most of the remainder of their mission time, they are attired in a blue constant-wear garment. Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, crew commander, took this picture with a 35mm camera. The crew spent eight full days in the reusable spacecraft, a shuttle record. Photo credit: NASA

Commercial Crew Astronauts Visit Kennedy on This Week @NASA – August 12, 2016

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-08-12

Two of the NASA astronauts training for the first flight tests for the agency’s Commercial Crew Program visited with employees during an Aug. 11 event at Kennedy Space Center. Astronauts Eric Boe and Suni Williams, alongside Commercial Crew Program Manager Kathy Lueders, responded to questions during a panel discussion, moderated by Kennedy Director Robert Cabana. NASA has contracted with Boeing and SpaceX to develop crew transportation systems and provide crew transportation services to and from the International Space Station. The agency will select the commercial crew astronauts from the group that includes Boe, Williams, Bob Behnken and Doug Hurley The first flight tests are targeted for next year. Also, Air Quality Flight over California Wildfire, CYGNSS Media Day, Putting NASA Earth Science to Work, and more!

Pettit prepares for a NASA EPO Activity in the JPM

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-14

ISS030-E-074053 (14 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, prepares for a NASA Education Payload Operations (EPO) activity in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station. Pettit is working with a soft Earth ball and an eraser tied to dental floss to demonstrate the space station orbiting Earth.

Pettit prepares for a NASA EPO Activity in the JPM

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-14

ISS030-E-074051 (14 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, prepares for a NASA Education Payload Operations (EPO) activity in the Kibo laboratory of the International Space Station. Pettit is working with a soft Earth ball and an eraser tied to dental floss to demonstrate the space station orbiting Earth.

NASA's New Educator Astronauts Face Long Wait for Their Shuttle Missions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trotter, Andrew

2006-01-01

When the U.S. space agency pinned badges on the 11 newest members of its astronaut corps this winter, it also increased by three its cadre of educator astronauts. Three former teachers-Dorothy M. Metcalf-Lindenburger, Richard R. Arnold II, and Joseph M. Acaba-graduated from NASA's grueling training program. The gauntlet of fitness test, survival…

Pilot Fullerton dons EES anti-gravity suit lower torso on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-03-30

STS003-23-161 (24 March 1982) --- Astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot, dons an olive drab inner garment which complements the space shuttle Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit. Since there are no plans for an extravehicular activity (EVA) on the flight, Fullerton is just getting some practice time ?in the field? as he is aboard the Earth-orbiting Columbia. He is in the middeck area of the vehicle. The photograph was taken with a 35mm camera by astronaut Jack R. Lousma, STS-3 commander. Photo credit: NASA

A Program of Research and Education in Astronautics at the NASA Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tolson, Robert H.

2000-01-01

The objectives of the Program were to conduct research at the NASA Langley Research Center in the area of astronautics and to provide a comprehensive education program at the Center leading to advanced degrees in Astronautics. We believe that the program has successfully met the objectives and has been of significant benefit to NASA LaRC, the GWU and the nation.

Administrator Bridenstine Chats with Astronauts on This Week @NASA – June 15, 2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-06-15

Administrator Bridenstine chats with a couple of our astronauts, a massive dust storm on Mars, and astronauts at work outside the space station … a few of the stories to tell you about – This Week at NASA!

Analysis of age as a factor in NASA astronaut selection and career landmarks.

PubMed

Kovacs, Gregory T A; Shadden, Mark

2017-01-01

NASA's periodic selection of astronauts is a highly selective process accepting applications from the general population, wherein the mechanics of selection are not made public. This research was an effort to determine if biases (specifically age) exist in the process and, if so, at which points they might manifest. Two sets of analyses were conducted. The first utilized data requested via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) on NASA astronaut applicants for the 2009 and 2013 selection years. Using a series of multinomial and logistic regressions, the data were analyzed to uncover whether age of the applicants linearly or nonlinearly affected their likelihood of receiving an invitation, as well as their likelihood of being selected into the astronaut program. The second used public data on age at selection and age at other career milestones for every astronaut selected from 1959 to 2013 to analyze trends in age over time using ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression and Pearson's correlation. The results for the FOIA data revealed a nonlinear relationship between age and receiving an interview, as well as age and selection into the astronaut program, but the most striking observation was the loss of age diversity at each stage of selection. Applicants younger or older than approximately 40 years were significantly less likely to receive invitations for interviews and were significantly less likely to be selected as an astronaut. Analysis of the public-source data for all selections since the beginning of the astronaut program revealed significant age trends over time including a gradual increase in selectee age and decreased tenure at NASA after last flight, with average age at retirement steady over the entire history of the astronaut program at approximately 48 years.

Forty Years of Psychological and Psychiatric Selection of NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holland, Albert W.

2000-01-01

The purpose of this presentation is to chronicle the history and development of the psychological selection process for NASA astronauts. For over 40 years, astronaut applicants have undergone rigorous medical testing to qualify for candidacy. Psychological selection has an equally long history, dating back to 1958, when psychological requirements were established for astronauts during the Mercury program. However, for many years, psychological selection consisted of psychiatric screening for psychopathology. As we approach the day in which the first ISS crew will live and work in space for months at a time, it becomes clear that both the psychological criteria and the selection system to detect said criteria have changed. This presentation discusses the events that led to the current, dual-phase selection system that is used to select individuals into the astronaut corps. Future directions for psychological selection will also be addressed.

Development of the NASA Digital Astronaut Project Muscle Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewandowski, Beth E.; Pennline, James A.; Thompson, W. K.; Humphreys, B. T.; Ryder, J. W.; Ploutz-Snyder, L. L.; Mulugeta, L.

2015-01-01

This abstract describes development work performed on the NASA Digital Astronaut Project Muscle Model. Muscle atrophy is a known physiological response to exposure to a low gravity environment. The DAP muscle model computationally predicts the change in muscle structure and function vs. time in a reduced gravity environment. The spaceflight muscle model can then be used in biomechanical models of exercise countermeasures and spaceflight tasks to: 1) develop site specific bone loading input to the DAP bone adaptation model over the course of a mission; 2) predict astronaut performance of spaceflight tasks; 3) inform effectiveness of new exercise countermeasures concepts.

NASA Remembers Astronaut Alan Bean - Moonwalker, Skylab Commander, Artist

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-26

Apollo 12 astronaut Alan Bean has died at the age of 86. Bean walked on the Moon in 1969, commanded the second Skylab crew in 1973 and went on in retirement to paint the remarkable worlds and sights he had seen like no other artist. Born in Wheeler, Texas, Bean got an aeronautical engineering degree from the University of Texas before joining the Navy, where he spent four years with a jet attack squadron. As a Navy test pilot, Bean flew several types of aircraft before he was selected with the third group of NASA astronauts in October 1963. He served as a backup for crewmembers on Gemini 10 and Apollo 9. After his Apollo and Skylab flights, Bean remained with NASA until 1981, when he retired to devote full time to painting. He followed that dream for many years at his home studio in Houston, with considerable success. His paintings were particularly popular among space enthusiasts.

Expedition 44 backup crew ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Timothy Peake (left), Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (ROSCOSMOS) (center), and NASA astronaut Timothy L. Kopra

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-02-19

JSC2015E053686 (04/30/2015) --- Expedition 44 backup crew ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Timothy Peake (left), Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko (ROSCOSMOS) (center), and NASA astronaut Timothy L. Kopra .

Injury Surveillance Among NASA Astronauts Using the Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Murray, J. D.; Laughlin, M. S.; Eudy, D. L.; Wear, M. L.; VanBaalen, M. G.

2014-01-01

Astronauts perform physically demanding tasks and risk incurring musculoskeletal injuries during both groundbased training and missions. Increased injury rates throughout the history of the U.S. space program have been attributed to numerous factors, including an aging astronaut corps, increased Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) and Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) training to construct the International Space Station, and improved clinical operations that promote injury prevention and reporting. With NASA program changes through the years (including retirement of the Shuttle program) and an improved training environment (including a new astronaut gym), there is no surveillance program to systematically track injury rates. A limited number of research projects have been conducted over the past 20 years to evaluate musculoskeletal injuries: (1) to evaluate orthopedic injuries from 1987 to 1995, (2) to describe upper extremity injuries, (3) to evaluate EVA spacesuit training related injuries, and (4) to evaluate in-flight musculoskeletal injuries. Nevertheless, there has been no consistently performed comprehensive assessment of musculoskeletal injuries among astronauts. The Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix was introduced at the 2001 meeting of the International Collaborative Effort (ICE) on Injury Statistics. The Matrix proposes a standardized method of classifying body region by nature of injury. Diagnoses are coded using the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding system. The purpose of this study is to assess the usefulness and complexity of the Barell Injury Diagnosis Matrix to classify and track musculoskeletal injuries among NASA astronauts.

NASA Remembers Astronaut Bruce McCandless II

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-22

Former NASA Astronaut Bruce McCandless II, best known for his iconic free-floating spacewalk on a 1984 shuttle flight, died on Dec. 21 at the age of 80. A native of Boston, McCandless II attended the U.S. Naval Academy and served as a naval aviator before joining NASA in 1966. He served in support or backup roles during the Apollo and Skylab programs, including serving as the communicator from mission control to the Apollo 11 crew during their historic 1969 moonwalk. On Feb. 7, 1984, during the Space Shuttle Challenger’s STS-41B mission, he made the first, untethered, free flight spacewalk in the Manned Maneuvering Unit. In 1990, McCandless II was part of the crew on Space Shuttle Discovery’s STS-31 mission, which deployed the Hubble Space Telescope.

Former Dryden pilot and NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Famed astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the moon during the historic Apollo 11 space mission in July 1969, served for seven years as a research pilot at the NACA-NASA High-Speed Flight Station, now the Dryden Flight Research Center, at Edwards, California, before he entered the space program. Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) at the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (later NASA's Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, and today the Glenn Research Center) in 1955. Later that year, he transferred to the High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards as an aeronautical research scientist and then as a pilot, a position he held until becoming an astronaut in 1962. He was one of nine NASA astronauts in the second class to be chosen. As a research pilot Armstrong served as project pilot on the F-100A and F-100C aircraft, F-101, and the F-104A. He also flew the X-1B, X-5, F-105, F-106, B-47, KC-135, and Paresev. He left Dryden with a total of over 2450 flying hours. He was a member of the USAF-NASA Dyna-Soar Pilot Consultant Group before the Dyna-Soar project was cancelled, and studied X-20 Dyna-Soar approaches and abort maneuvers through use of the F-102A and F5D jet aircraft. Armstrong was actively engaged in both piloting and engineering aspects of the X-15 program from its inception. He completed the first flight in the aircraft equipped with a new flow-direction sensor (ball nose) and the initial flight in an X-15 equipped with a self-adaptive flight control system. He worked closely with designers and engineers in development of the adaptive system, and made seven flights in the rocket plane from December 1960 until July 1962. During those fights he reached a peak altitude of 207,500 feet in the X-15-3, and a speed of 3,989 mph (Mach 5.74) in the X-15-1. Armstrong has a total of 8 days and 14 hours in space, including 2 hours and 48 minutes walking on the Moon. In March 1966 he was commander of the Gemini 8

ASTRONAUT YOUNG, JOHN W. - ZERO-GRAVITY (ZERO-G) - KC-135

NASA Image and Video Library

1978-12-15

S79-30347 (31 March 1979) --- Taking advantage of a brief period of zero-gravity afforded aboard a KC-135 flying a parabolic curve, the flight crew of the first space shuttle orbital flight test (STS-1) goes through a spacesuit donning exercise. Astronaut John W. Young has just entered the hard-material torso of the shuttle spacesuit by approaching it from below. He is assisted by astronaut Robert L. Crippen. The torso is held in place by a special stand here, simulating the function provided by the airlock wall aboard the actual shuttle craft. The life support system is mated to the torso on Earth and remains so during the flight, requiring this type of donning and doffing exercise. Note Crippen?s suit is the type to be used for intravehicular activity in the shirt sleeve environment to be afforded aboard shuttle. The suit worn by Young is for extravehicular activity (EVA). Young will be STS-1 commander and Crippen, pilot. They will man the space shuttle orbiter 102 Columbia. Photo credit: NASA

NASA's New Astronauts to Conduct Research Off the Earth , For the Earth and Deep Space Missions

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-07

After receiving a record-breaking number of applications to join an exciting future of space exploration, NASA has selected its largest astronaut class since 2000. Rising to the top of more than 18,300 applicants, NASA chose 12 women and men as the agency’s new astronaut candidates. Vice President Mike Pence joined Acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot, Johnson Space Center Director Ellen Ochoa, and Flight Operations Director Brian Kelly to welcome the new astronaut candidates during an event June 7 at the agency’s Johnson Space Center in Houston. The astronaut candidates will return to Johnson in August to begin two years of training. Then they could be assigned to any of a variety of missions: performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and departing for deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket.

The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post-Shuttle Era

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2011-01-01

In May 2010 the National Research Council (NRC) was asked by NASA to address several questions related to the Astronaut Corps. The NRC's Committee on Human Spaceflight Crew Operations was tasked to: 1. How should the role and size of the activities managed by the Johnson Space Center Flight Crew Operations Directorate change following space shuttle retirement and completion of the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS)? 2. What are the requirements for crew-related ground-based facilities after the Space Shuttle program ends? 3. Is the fleet of aircraft used for training the Astronaut Corps a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts to meet the requirements of NASA's human spaceflight program? Are there more cost-effective means of meeting these training requirements? Although the future of NASA's human spaceflight program has garnered considerable discussion in recent years, and there is considerable uncertainty about what that program will involve in the coming years, the committee was not tasked to address whether or not human spaceflight should continue, or what form it should take. The committee's task restricted it to studying those activities managed by the Flight Crew Operations Directorate, or those closely related to its activities, such as crew-related ground-based facilities and the training aircraft.

Atrial Arrhythmias in Astronauts - Summary of a NASA Summit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barr, Yael R.; Watkins, Sharmila D.; Polk, J. D.

2010-01-01

Background and Problem Definition: To evaluate NASA s current standards and practices related to atrial arrhythmias in astronauts, Space Medicine s Advanced Projects Section at the Johnson Space Center was tasked with organizing a summit to discuss the approach to atrial arrhythmias in the astronaut cohort. Since 1959, 11 cases of atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or supraventricular tachycardia have been recorded among active corps crewmembers. Most of the cases were paroxysmal, although a few were sustained. While most of the affected crewmembers were asymptomatic, those slated for long-duration space flight underwent radiofrequency ablation treatment to prevent further episodes of the arrhythmia. The summit was convened to solicit expert opinion on screening, diagnosis, and treatment options, to identify gaps in knowledge, and to propose relevant research initiatives. Summit Meeting Objectives: The Atrial Arrhythmia Summit brought together a panel of six cardiologists, including nationally and internationally renowned leaders in cardiac electrophysiology, exercise physiology, and space flight cardiovascular physiology. The primary objectives of the summit discussions were to evaluate cases of atrial arrhythmia in the astronaut population, to understand the factors that may predispose an individual to this condition, to understand NASA s current capabilities for screening, diagnosis, and treatment, to discuss the risks associated with treatment of crewmembers assigned to long-duration missions or extravehicular activities, and to discuss recommendations for prevention or management of future cases. Summary of Recommendations: The summit panel s recommendations were grouped into seven categories: Epidemiology, Screening, Standards and Selection, Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation Manifesting Preflight, Atrial Fibrillation during Flight, Prevention of Atrial Fibrillation, and Future Research

Analysis of age as a factor in NASA astronaut selection and career landmarks

PubMed Central

Shadden, Mark

2017-01-01

NASA’s periodic selection of astronauts is a highly selective process accepting applications from the general population, wherein the mechanics of selection are not made public. This research was an effort to determine if biases (specifically age) exist in the process and, if so, at which points they might manifest. Two sets of analyses were conducted. The first utilized data requested via the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) on NASA astronaut applicants for the 2009 and 2013 selection years. Using a series of multinomial and logistic regressions, the data were analyzed to uncover whether age of the applicants linearly or nonlinearly affected their likelihood of receiving an invitation, as well as their likelihood of being selected into the astronaut program. The second used public data on age at selection and age at other career milestones for every astronaut selected from 1959 to 2013 to analyze trends in age over time using ordinary least-squares (OLS) regression and Pearson’s correlation. The results for the FOIA data revealed a nonlinear relationship between age and receiving an interview, as well as age and selection into the astronaut program, but the most striking observation was the loss of age diversity at each stage of selection. Applicants younger or older than approximately 40 years were significantly less likely to receive invitations for interviews and were significantly less likely to be selected as an astronaut. Analysis of the public-source data for all selections since the beginning of the astronaut program revealed significant age trends over time including a gradual increase in selectee age and decreased tenure at NASA after last flight, with average age at retirement steady over the entire history of the astronaut program at approximately 48 years. PMID:28749968

Determination of the Risk of Radiation-Associated Circulatory and Cancer Disease Mortality in a NASA Early Astronaut Cohort

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elgart, S. R.; Chappell, L.; Milder, C. M.; Shavers, M. R.; Huff, J. L.; Little, M.; Patel, Z. S.

2017-01-01

Of the many possible health challenges posed during extended exploratory missions to space, the effects of space radiation on cardiovascular disease and cancer are of particular concern. There are unique challenges to estimating those radiation risks; care and appropriate and rigorous methodology should be applied when considering small cohorts such as the NASA astronaut population. The objective of this work was to determine if there was sufficient evidence for excess risk of cardiovascular disease and cancer in early NASA astronaut cohorts. NASA astronauts in selection groups 1-7 were chosen; this relatively homogeneous cohort consists of 73 white males, who unlike today's astronauts, maintained similar smoking and drinking habits to the general US population, and have published radiation doses. The participants flew in space on missions Mercury through Shuttle and received space radiation doses between 0-74.1 milligrays. Cause of death information was obtained from the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) program at NASA Johnson Space Center. Mortality was compared with the US male population. Trends of mortality with dose were assessed using a logistic model, fitted by maximum likelihood. Only 32 (43.84 percent) of the 73 early astronauts have died. Standard mortality ratios (SMRs) for cancer (n=7, SMR=43.4, 95 percent CI 17.8, 84.9), all circulatory disease (n=7, SMR=33.2, 95 percent CI 13.7, 65.0), and ischemic heart disease (IHD) (n=5, SMR=40.1, 95 percent CI 13.2, 89.4) were significantly lower than for the US white male population. For cerebrovascular disease, the upper confidence interval for SMR included 100, indicating it was not significantly different from the US population (n=2, SMR = 77.0, 95 percent CI 9.4, 268.2). The power of the study is low and remains below 10 percent even when risks 10 times those reported in the literature are assumed. Due to small sample size, there is currently insufficient statistical power to evaluate space

NASA Remembers Astronaut John Young, Moonwalker and First Shuttle Commander

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-06

Astronaut John Young, who walked on the Moon during Apollo 16 and commanded the first space shuttle mission, has passed away at the age of 87. After earning an engineering degree from Georgia Tech and flying planes for the Navy, Young began his impressive career at NASA in 1962, when he was selected from among hundreds of young pilots to join NASA's second astronaut class, known as the "New Nine." Young first flew in space on the first manned Gemini flight, Gemini 3 in March 1965. He later commanded the Gemini 10 mission in July 1966, served as command module pilot on Apollo 10 in 1969, and landed on the Moon as commander of Apollo 16 in April 1972. He went on to command the first Space Shuttle flight in 1981, and also commanded the STS-9 shuttle mission in 1983. He is the only person to go into space as part of the Gemini, Apollo and space shuttle programs and was the first to fly into space six times -- or seven times, when counting his liftoff from the Moon during Apollo 16.

Improvements to the Ionizing Radiation Risk Assessment Program for NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Semones, E. J.; Bahadori, A. A.; Picco, C. E.; Shavers, M. R.; Flores-McLaughlin, J.

2011-01-01

To perform dosimetry and risk assessment, NASA collects astronaut ionizing radiation exposure data from space flight, medical imaging and therapy, aviation training activities and prior occupational exposure histories. Career risk of exposure induced death (REID) from radiation is limited to 3 percent at a 95 percent confidence level. The Radiation Health Office at Johnson Space Center (JSC) is implementing a program to integrate the gathering, storage, analysis and reporting of astronaut ionizing radiation dose and risk data and records. This work has several motivations, including more efficient analyses and greater flexibility in testing and adopting new methods for evaluating risks. The foundation for these improvements is a set of software tools called the Astronaut Radiation Exposure Analysis System (AREAS). AREAS is a series of MATLAB(Registered TradeMark)-based dose and risk analysis modules that interface with an enterprise level SQL Server database by means of a secure web service. It communicates with other JSC medical and space weather databases to maintain data integrity and consistency across systems. AREAS is part of a larger NASA Space Medicine effort, the Mission Medical Integration Strategy, with the goal of collecting accurate, high-quality and detailed astronaut health data, and then securely, timely and reliably presenting it to medical support personnel. The modular approach to the AREAS design accommodates past, current, and future sources of data from active and passive detectors, space radiation transport algorithms, computational phantoms and cancer risk models. Revisions of the cancer risk model, new radiation detection equipment and improved anthropomorphic computational phantoms can be incorporated. Notable hardware updates include the Radiation Environment Monitor (which uses Medipix technology to report real-time, on-board dosimetry measurements), an updated Tissue-Equivalent Proportional Counter, and the Southwest Research Institute

Compiling a Comprehensive EVA Training Dataset for NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, M. S.; Murray, J. D.; Lee, L. R.; Wear, M. L.; Van Baalen, M.

2016-01-01

Training for a spacewalk or extravehicular activity (EVA) is considered a hazardous duty for NASA astronauts. This places astronauts at risk for decompression sickness as well as various musculoskeletal disorders from working in the spacesuit. As a result, the operational and research communities over the years have requested access to EVA training data to supplement their studies. The purpose of this paper is to document the comprehensive EVA training data set that was compiled from multiple sources by the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) epidemiologists to investigate musculoskeletal injuries. The EVA training dataset does not contain any medical data, rather it only documents when EVA training was performed, by whom and other details about the session. The first activities practicing EVA maneuvers in water were performed at the Neutral Buoyancy Simulator (NBS) at the Marshall Spaceflight Center in Huntsville, Alabama. This facility opened in 1967 and was used for EVA training until the early Space Shuttle program days. Although several photographs show astronauts performing EVA training in the NBS, records detailing who performed the training and the frequency of training are unavailable. Paper training records were stored within the NBS after it was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 1985 and closed in 1997, but significant resources would be needed to identify and secure these records, and at this time LSAH has not pursued acquisition of these early training records. Training in the NBS decreased when the Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas, opened the Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF) in 1980. Early training records from the WETF consist of 11 hand-written dive logbooks compiled by individual workers that were digitized at the request of LSAH. The WETF was integral in the training for Space Shuttle EVAs until its closure in 1998. The Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at the Sonny Carter Training Facility near JSC

NASA astronaut Rex Walheim checks out the Dragon spacecraft und

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-30

HAWTHORNE, Calif. -- NASA astronaut Rex Walheim checks out the Dragon spacecraft under development by Space Exploration Technologies SpaceX of Hawthorne, Calif., for the agency's Commercial Crew Program. In 2011, NASA selected SpaceX during Commercial Crew Development Round 2 CCDev2) activities to mature the design and development of a crew transportation system with the overall goal of accelerating a United States-led capability to the International Space Station. The goal of CCP is to drive down the cost of space travel as well as open up space to more people than ever before by balancing industry’s own innovative capabilities with NASA's 50 years of human spaceflight experience. Six other aerospace companies also are maturing launch vehicle and spacecraft designs under CCDev2, including Alliant Techsystems Inc. ATK, The Boeing Co., Excalibur Almaz Inc., Blue Origin, Sierra Nevada, and United Launch Alliance ULA. For more information, visit www.nasa.gov/commercialcrew. Image credit: Space Exploration Technologies

Radiation Exposure and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Early NASA Astronauts: Space for Exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elgart, S. R.; Little, M. P.; Campbell, L. J.; Milder, C. M.; Shavers, M. R.; Huff, J. L.; Patel, Z. S.

2018-01-01

Of the many possible health challenges posed during extended exploratory missions to space, the effects of space radiation on cardiovascular disease and cancer are of particular concern. There are unique challenges to estimating those radiation risks; care and appropriate and rigorous methodology should be applied when considering small cohorts such as the NASA astronaut population. The objective of this work was to establish whether there is evidence for excess cardiovascular disease or cancer mortality in an early NASA astronaut cohort and determine if a correlation exists between space radiation exposure and mortality.

NASA honors Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden (left) presents the Ambassador of Exploration Award (an encased moon rock) to Biloxi native and Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr. (right) for his contributions to space exploration. During a Dec. 2 ceremony at Gorenflo elementary School in Biloxi, Miss., Bolden praised Haise for his overall space career and his performance on the Apollo 13 mission that was crippled two days after launch. Haise and fellow crewmembers nursed the spacecraft on a perilous trip back to Earth. 'The historic Apollo 13 mission was as dramatic as any Hollywood production,' Bolden said. 'When an explosion crippled his command module, Fred and his crewmates, Jim Lovell and Jack Swigert, guided their spacecraft around the moon and back to a successful splashdown in the Pacific Ocean - all while the world held its breath. While Fred didn't have the chance to walk on the moon, the cool courage and concentration in the face of crisis is among NASA's most enduring legacies.'

NASA honors Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr.

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-12-02

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden (left) presents the Ambassador of Exploration Award (an encased moon rock) to Biloxi native and Apollo 13 astronaut Fred Haise Jr. (right) for his contributions to space exploration. During a Dec. 2 ceremony at Gorenflo elementary School in Biloxi, Miss., Bolden praised Haise for his overall space career and his performance on the Apollo 13 mission that was crippled two days after launch. Haise and fellow crewmembers nursed the spacecraft on a perilous trip back to Earth. 'The historic Apollo 13 mission was as dramatic as any Hollywood production,' Bolden said. 'When an explosion crippled his command module, Fred and his crewmates, Jim Lovell and Jack Swigert, guided their spacecraft around the moon and back to a successful splashdown in the Pacific Ocean - all while the world held its breath. While Fred didn't have the chance to walk on the moon, the cool courage and concentration in the face of crisis is among NASA's most enduring legacies.'

Automation of PCXMC and ImPACT for NASA Astronaut Medical Imaging Dose and Risk Tracking

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bahadori, Amir; Picco, Charles; Flores-McLaughlin, John; Shavers, Mark; Semones, Edward

2011-01-01

To automate astronaut organ and effective dose calculations from occupational X-ray and computed tomography (CT) examinations incorporating PCXMC and ImPACT tools and to estimate the associated lifetime cancer risk per the National Council on Radiation Protection & Measurements (NCRP) using MATLAB(R). Methods: NASA follows guidance from the NCRP on its operational radiation safety program for astronauts. NCRP Report 142 recommends that astronauts be informed of the cancer risks from reported exposures to ionizing radiation from medical imaging. MATLAB(R) code was written to retrieve exam parameters for medical imaging procedures from a NASA database, calculate associated dose and risk, and return results to the database, using the Microsoft .NET Framework. This code interfaces with the PCXMC executable and emulates the ImPACT Excel spreadsheet to calculate organ doses from X-rays and CTs, respectively, eliminating the need to utilize the PCXMC graphical user interface (except for a few special cases) and the ImPACT spreadsheet. Results: Using MATLAB(R) code to interface with PCXMC and replicate ImPACT dose calculation allowed for rapid evaluation of multiple medical imaging exams. The user inputs the exam parameter data into the database and runs the code. Based on the imaging modality and input parameters, the organ doses are calculated. Output files are created for record, and organ doses, effective dose, and cancer risks associated with each exam are written to the database. Annual and post-flight exposure reports, which are used by the flight surgeon to brief the astronaut, are generated from the database. Conclusions: Automating PCXMC and ImPACT for evaluation of NASA astronaut medical imaging radiation procedures allowed for a traceable and rapid method for tracking projected cancer risks associated with over 12,000 exposures. This code will be used to evaluate future medical radiation exposures, and can easily be modified to accommodate changes to the risk

Geoscience Training for NASA Astronaut Candidates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, K. E.; Evans, C. A.; Bleacher, J. E.; Graff, T. G.; Zeigler, R.

2017-01-01

After being selected to the astronaut office, crewmembers go through an initial two year training flow, astronaut candidacy, where they learn the basic skills necessary for spaceflight. While the bulk of astronaut candidate training currently centers on the multiple subjects required for ISS operations (EVA skills, Russian language, ISS systems, etc.), training also includes geoscience training designed to train crewmembers in Earth observations, teach astronauts about other planetary systems, and provide field training designed to investigate field operations and boost team skills. This training goes back to Apollo training and has evolved to support ISS operations and future exploration missions.

Astronaut Moment: Scott Tingle: Guitarist

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-24

Description: Before becoming an astronaut, Scott Tingle was in a rock band. He shares his story and how being in a band relates to his training as a NASA astronaut. Tingle is currently living and working aboard the International Space Station. More on Tingle: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/scott-d-tingle More on the space station: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/main/index.html

Astronaut Moments: Scott Tingle: Inspiration

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-14

NASA Astronaut Scott Tingle shares his inspiration for his career as an astronaut. On Sunday, Dec. 17, 2017, Tingle will launch to the International Space Station aboard a Soyuz vehicle at 2:21 a.m. ET (1:21 p.m. Baikonur time) from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan. This will be his first spaceflight. More on Tingle: https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/scott-d-tingle More on the space station: www.nasa.gov/station Archive.org: https://archive.org/details/jsc2017m0009_ScottTingle_AstronautMoment_Inspriation_MXF Youtube: https://youtu.be/8xUOqk2f3vg

SHUTTLE - ASTRONAUT-CANDIDATE (ASCAN) WILLIAMS, DONALD (DON)

NASA Image and Video Library

1979-04-03

S79-30367/69: Exterior views of 747 Shuttle Aircraft. S79-30360/66: ASCAN Don Williams during H Reflex Studies and Hamilton-Standard Tool Belt and Suit Cooling System Tests. 1. AIRCRAFT - 747 2. SHUTTLE - TESTS. S79-30360 thru S79-30369

Former NASA Astronaut, U.S. Senator John Glenn laid to rest in Arlington Cemetery

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-05

On April 6, former astronaut and U.S. Senator John Glenn was interred at Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia. Glenn, who passed away Dec. 8, 2016 at the age of 95, served four terms as a U.S. senator from Ohio, and was one of NASA's original seven Mercury astronauts. His flight on Friendship 7 on Feb. 20, 1962, made him the first American to orbit Earth. The riveting flight united our nation, launched America to the forefront of the space race and secured for him a unique place in the annals of history.

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Scott D. Altman, second from left, is inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame (AHOF) during a ceremony inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA's Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. At far left, Hall of Famer Curt Brown, board chairman, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (ASF), inducts Altman into the Hall of Fame Class of 2018. At right is Hall of Famer John Grunsfeld, who spoke on Altman's behalf during the ceremony. At far right is Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., who also was inducted into the AHOF Class of 2018. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

Astronauts Working Outside the Space Station on This Week @NASA – May 18, 2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-18

Our astronauts doing work outside the space station, an agencywide town hall with our new administrator, and old data provide new insight about Jupiter’s moon Europa – a few of the stories to tell you about – This Week at NASA!

2017 Astronaut Class

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-07

nhq201706070004 (06/07/2017) --- Vice President Mike Pence poses for a group photograph with NASA's 12 new astronaut candidates, Wednesday, June 7, 2017 at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. NASA astronaut candidates, standing from left, Robb Kulin, Jonathan Kim, Robert Hines, Warren Hoburg, Matthew Dominick, Kayla Barron, Jessica Watkins, from left kneeling, Francisco Rubio, Loral O’Hara, Jasmin Moghbeli, Zena Cardman, and Raja Chari. After completing two years of training, the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls) Original Filename

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Kelvin Manning, associate director of NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, welcomes guests to the 2018 U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame (AHOF) Induction inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex (KSCVC). Two veteran space explorers were inducted into the Hall of Fame Class of 2018. They are Scott D. Altman and Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

European astronaut training in Houston.

PubMed

Chiarenza, O

1993-11-01

Three European astronauts are currently training as Space Shuttle Mission Specialists at NASA's Johnson Space Center in Houston. Two of the astronauts, Maurizio Cheli and Jean-Francois Clervoy, recently became members of NASA's 'astronaut pool' and have entered the Advanced Training phase. The third one, Claude Nicollier, is now preparing for the mission to service the Hubble Space Telescope in December.

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Former astronauts and space explorers, Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., and Scott D. Altman, front row, center, left and right, respectively, were inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Class of 2018 during a ceremony inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. They are standing with previous Hall of Famers, including, Curt Brown, back row, far left, chairman of the board, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. Brown performed the induction ceremony. Also in the group is former astronaut and NASA administrator Charlie Bolden, in the center, behind Jones and Altman. In the back row, second from left is John Grunsfeld, who spoke on behalf of Altman during the ceremony. Directly behind Altman is Storey Musgrave, who spoke on behalf of Jones during the ceremony. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

Official Portrait of Astronaut Neil Armstrong

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1969-01-01

Neil Armstrong, donned in his space suit, poses for his official Apollo 11 portrait. Armstrong began his flight career as a naval aviator. He flew 78 combat missions during the Korean War. Armstrong joined the NASA predecessor, NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), as a research pilot at the Lewis Laboratory in Cleveland and later transferred to the NACA High Speed Flight Station at Edwards AFB, California. He was a project pilot on many pioneering high speed aircraft, including the 4,000 mph X-15. He has flown over 200 different models of aircraft, including jets, rockets, helicopters, and gliders. In 1962, Armstrong was transferred to astronaut status. He served as command pilot for the Gemini 8 mission, launched March 16, 1966, and performed the first successful docking of two vehicles in space. In 1969, Armstrong was commander of Apollo 11, the first manned lunar landing mission, and gained the distinction of being the first man to land a craft on the Moon and the first man to step on its surface. Armstrong subsequently held the position of Deputy Associate Administrator for Aeronautics, NASA Headquarters Office of Advanced Research and Technology, from 1970 to 1971. He resigned from NASA in 1971.

Astronauts Congressional Gold Medal

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-20

Apollo 11 Astronauts, from left, Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden attend the U.S House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology tribute to the Apollo 11 Astronauts at the Cannon House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Tuesday, July 21, 2009 in Washington. The committee presented the three Apollo 11 astronauts with a framed copy of House Resolution 607 honoring their achievement, and announced passage of legislation awarding them and John Glenn the Congressional Gold Medal. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Bruce McCandless tests astronaut maneuvering unit

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-16

S72-30704 (1972) --- Astronaut Bruce McCandless II, backup pilot for Skylab 2, tests the balance and control of an astronaut maneuvering unit (AMU) test model at Martin Marietta Corporation's Denver division. The jet-powered backpack can fly for 30 minutes and can be worn over normal clothing or spacesuit. Photo credit: NASA

Retired NASA research pilot and former astronaut Gordon Fullerton was greeted by scores of NASA Dryden staff who bid him farewell after his final NASA flight.

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-21

Long-time NASA Dryden research pilot and former astronaut C. Gordon Fullerton capped an almost 50-year flying career, including more than 38 years with NASA, with a final flight in a NASA F/A-18 on Dec. 21, 2007. Fullerton and Dryden research pilot Jim Smolka flew a 90-minute pilot proficiency formation aerobatics flight with another Dryden F/A-18 and a Dryden T-38 before concluding with two low-level formation flyovers of Dryden before landing. Fullerton was honored with a water-cannon spray arch provided by two fire trucks from the Edwards Air Force Base fire department as he taxied the F/A-18 up to the Dryden ramp, and was then greeted by his wife Marie and several hundred Dryden staff after his final flight. Fullerton began his flying career with the U.S. Air Force in 1958 after earning bachelor's and master's degrees in mechanical engineering from the California Institute of Technology. Initially trained as a fighter pilot, he later transitioned to multi-engine bombers and became a bomber operations test pilot after attending the Air Force Aerospace Research Pilot School at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif. He then was assigned to the flight crew for the planned Air Force Manned Orbital Laboratory in 1966. Upon cancellation of that program, the Air Force assigned Fullerton to NASA's astronaut corps in 1969. He served on the support crews for the Apollo 14, 15, 16 and 17 lunar missions, and was later assigned to one of the two flight crews that piloted the space shuttle prototype Enterprise during the Approach and Landing Test program at Dryden. He then logged some 382 hours in space when he flew on two early space shuttle missions, STS-3 on Columbia in 1982 and STS-51F on Challenger in 1985. He joined the flight crew branch at NASA Dryden after leaving the astronaut corps in 1986. During his 21 years at Dryden, Fullerton was project pilot on a number of high-profile research efforts, including the Propulsion Controlled Aircraft, the high-speed landing tests of

Shoulder Injury Incidence Rates in NASA Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, Mitzi S.; Murray, Jocelyn D.; Foy, Millennia; Wear, Mary L.; Van Baalen, Mary

2014-01-01

Evaluation of the astronaut shoulder injury rates began with an operational concern at the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) during Extravehicular Activity (EVA) training. An astronaut suffered a shoulder injury during an NBL training run and commented that it was possibly due to a hardware issue. During the subsequent investigation, questions arose regarding the rate of shoulder injuries in recent years and over the entire history of the astronaut corps.

78 FR 72011 - Interpretation Concerning Involvement of NASA Astronauts During a Licensed Launch or Reentry

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-02

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Federal Aviation Administration 14 CFR Part 460 Interpretation Concerning Involvement of NASA Astronauts During a Licensed Launch or Reentry AGENCY: Federal Aviation...\\ Human Space Flight Requirements Final Rule, 71 FR at 75618. As can be seen, the FAA's concern with space...

Shoulder Injuries in US Astronauts Related to EVA Suit Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheuring, R. A.; McCulloch, P.; Van Baalen, Mary; Minard, Charles; Watson, Richard; Blatt, T.

2011-01-01

Introduction: For every one hour spent performing extravehicular activity (EVA) in space, astronauts in the US space program spend approximately six to ten hours training in the EVA spacesuit at NASA-Johnson Space Center's Neutral Buoyancy Lab (NBL). In 1997, NASA introduced the planar hard upper torso (HUT) EVA spacesuit which subsequently replaced the existing pivoted HUT. An extra joint in the pivoted shoulder allows increased mobility but also increased complexity. Over the next decade a number of astronauts developed shoulder problems requiring surgical intervention, many of whom performed EVA training in the NBL. This study investigated whether changing HUT designs led to shoulder injuries requiring surgical repair. Methods: US astronaut EVA training data and spacesuit design employed were analyzed from the NBL data. Shoulder surgery data was acquired from the medical record database, and causal mechanisms were obtained from personal interviews Analysis of the individual HUT designs was performed as it related to normal shoulder biomechanics. Results: To date, 23 US astronauts have required 25 shoulder surgeries. Approximately 48% (11/23) directly attributed their injury to training in the planar HUT, whereas none attributed their injury to training in the pivoted HUT. The planar HUT design limits shoulder abduction to 90 degrees compared to approximately 120 degrees in the pivoted HUT. The planar HUT also forces the shoulder into a forward flexed position requiring active retraction and extension to increase abduction beyond 90 degrees. Discussion: Multiple factors are associated with mechanisms leading to shoulder injury requiring surgical repair. Limitations to normal shoulder mechanics, suit fit, donning/doffing, body position, pre-existing injury, tool weight and configuration, age, in-suit activity, and HUT design have all been identified as potential sources of injury. Conclusion: Crewmembers with pre-existing or current shoulder injuries or certain

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Former astronauts and space explorers Scott D. Altman, at left, and Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., are inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Class of 2018 during a ceremony inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. They unveiled their plaques, which will be placed in Hall of Fame at the visitor complex. At far right is Master of Ceremonies, John Zarella, former CNN space correspondent. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Former astronauts and space explorers Scott D. Altman, at left, and Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., are inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Class of 2018 during a ceremony inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. They unveiled their plaques, which will be placed in the Hall of Fame at the visitor complex. At far right is Master of Ceremonies, John Zarella, former CNN space correspondent. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

ASTRONAUT GROUP - FLIGHT LINE

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-01-01

S61-01250 (20 Jan. 1961) --- Photo of the Mercury astronauts standing beside a Convair 106-B aircraft. They are, left to right, M. Scott Carpenter, L. Gordon Cooper Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, Walter M. Schirra Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr. and Donald K. Slayton. EDITOR'S NOTE: Astronaut Gus Grissom died in the Apollo 1 -- Apollo/Saturn (AS-204) -- fire at Cape Kennedy, Florida on Jan. 27, 1967. Astronaut Deke Slayton died from complications of a brain tumor, in League City, Texas on June 13, 1993. Astronaut Shepard died after a lengthy illness in Monterey, California, on July 21, 1998. As of Jan. 1, 1977 none of the seven astronauts remained with the NASA Space Program. However, in October 1998, United States Senator Glenn (Democrat-Ohio) flew as payload specialist on the STS-95 mission. Photo credit: NASA

NASA Astronauts on Soyuz: Experience and Lessons for the Future

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2010-01-01

The U. S., Russia, and, China have each addressed the question of human-rating spacecraft. NASA's operational experience with human-rating primarily resides with Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Space Shuttle, and International Space Station. NASA s latest developmental experience includes Constellation, X38, X33, and the Orbital Space Plane. If domestic commercial crew vehicles are used to transport astronauts to and from space, Soyuz is another example of methods that could be used to human-rate a spacecraft and to work with commercial spacecraft providers. For Soyuz, NASA's normal assurance practices were adapted. Building on NASA's Soyuz experience, this report contends all past, present, and future vehicles rely on a range of methods and techniques for human-rating assurance, the components of which include: requirements, conceptual development, prototype evaluations, configuration management, formal development reviews (safety, design, operations), component/system ground-testing, integrated flight tests, independent assessments, and launch readiness reviews. When constraints (cost, schedule, international) limit the depth/breadth of one or more preferred assurance means, ways are found to bolster the remaining areas. This report provides information exemplifying the above safety assurance model for consideration with commercial or foreign-government-designed spacecraft. Topics addressed include: U.S./Soviet-Russian government/agency agreements and engineering/safety assessments performed with lessons learned in historic U.S./Russian joint space ventures

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., in the center, is inducted into the Astronaut Hall of Fame (AHOF) during a ceremony inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. At left, Hall of Famer Curt Brown, board chairman, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation (ASF), inducts Jones into the Hall of Fame Class of 2018. At right is Hall of Famer Storey Musgrave, who spoke on Jones behalf during the ceremony. Also inducted was retired astronaut Scott D. Altman. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

Preparing for the High Frontier: The Role and Training of NASA Astronauts in the Post- Space Shuttle Era

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2011-01-01

In May 2010, the National Research Council (NRC) was asked by NASA to address several questions related to the Astronaut Corps. The NRC s Committee on Human Spaceflight Crew Operations was tasked to answer several questions: 1. How should the role and size of the activities managed by the Johnson Space Center Flight Crew Operations Directorate change after space shuttle retirement and completion of the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS)? 2. What are the requirements for crew-related ground-based facilities after the Space Shuttle program ends? 3. Is the fleet of aircraft used for training the Astronaut Corps a cost-effective means of preparing astronauts to meet the requirements of NASA s human spaceflight program? Are there more cost-effective means of meeting these training requirements? Although the future of NASA s human spaceflight program has garnered considerable discussion in recent years and there is considerable uncertainty about what the program will involve in the coming years, the committee was not tasked to address whether human spaceflight should continue or what form it should take. The committee s task restricted it to studying activities managed by the Flight Crew Operations Directorate or those closely related to its activities, such as crew-related ground-based facilities and the training aircraft.

Astronaut John H. Glenn

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1959-01-01

Astronaut John H. Glenn, one of the original seven astronauts for Mercury Project selected by NASA on April 27, 1959. The MA-6 mission, boosted by the Mercury-Atlas vehicle, was the first manned orbital launch by the United States, and carried Astronaut Glenn aboard the Friendship 7 spacecraft to orbit the Earth.

Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-21

Inside the Space Shuttle Atlantis attraction at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, two space explorers, Scott D. Altman, second from left, and Thomas D. Jones, Ph.D., far right, are inducted into the U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Class of 2018. At far left is Hall of Famer Curt Brown, board chairman, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation, who inducted Altman and Jones into the AHOF. Second from right is Hall of Famer John Grunsfeld, who spoke on behalf of Altman during the ceremony. Inductees into the Hall of Fame are selected by a committee of Hall of Fame astronauts, former NASA officials, flight directors, historians and journalists. The process is administered by the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. To be eligible, an astronaut must have made his or her first flight at least 17 years before the induction. Candidates must be a U.S. citizen and a NASA-trained commander, pilot or mission specialist who has orbited the earth at least once. Including Altman and Jones, 97 astronauts have been inducted into the AHOF.

Research pilot and former astronaut Gordon Fullerton is congratulated by retired astronaut Fred Haise upon Fullerton's induction into the Astronaut Hall of Fame

NASA Image and Video Library

2005-04-30

Former astronaut Gordon Fullerton (left), currently chief research pilot at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards Air Force Base, is congratulated by former astronaut Fred Haise (right) upon Fullerton's induction into the Astronaut Hall of Fame at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) in Florida on April 30, 2005. Fullerton and Haise were one of two flight crews who flew the Approach and Landing Tests of the prototype Space Shuttle orbiter Enterprise at Dryden in 1977. Fullerton, who had served on the support crews for four Apollo moon landing missions in the early 1970s, went on to fly two Shuttle missions, STS-3 in 1982 and STS-51F in 1985. STS-3 became the only Shuttle mission to date to land at White Sands, N.M., and STS-51F was completed successfully despite the failure of one of the Shuttle's main engines during ascent to orbit. Haise, a member of the crew on the ill-fated Apollo 13 mission, was also a research pilot at NASA Dryden during his pre-astronaut career. Former astronauts Joseph Allen and Bruce McCandless were also inducted during the 2005 ceremonies at the KSC Visitor Center. In addition to honoring former members of NASA's astronaut corps who have made significant contributions to the advancement of space flight, the annual induction ceremonies serve as a fund-raiser for the Astronaut Scholarship Foundation. The foundation funded 17 $10,000 scholarships to college students studying science and engineering in 2004.

ISS NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-20

Expedition 33/34 astronauts onboard the International Space Station answer questions in a live downlink at a NASA Social exploring science on the ISS at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, Feb. 20, 2013 in Washington. Seen from left to right are NASA astronauts Tom Marshburn, Kevin Ford and Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut Chris Hadfield. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Astronaut Robert L. Crippen prepares for underwater training session

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, STS-7 crew commander, adjusts his extravehicular mobility unit's (EMU) gloves prior to donning his helmet for a training session in the weightless environment test facility (WETF).

Astronaut Owen Garriott trims hair of Astronaut Alan Bean

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-19

SL3-108-1292 (19 Aug. 1973) --- Scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, Skylab 3 science pilot, trims the hair of astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander, in this onboard photograph from the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) in Earth orbit. Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot, took this picture with a 35mm Nikon camera. Bean holds a vacuum hose to gather in loose hair. The crew of the second manned Skylab flight went on to successfully complete 59 days aboard the Skylab space station cluster in Earth orbit. Photo credit: NASA

2017 Astronaut Class

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-07

nhq201706070006 (06/07/2017) --- Vice President Mike Pence takes a group selfie with kids that were in attendance during an event where NASA introduced 12 new astronaut candidates, Wednesday, June 7, 2017 at NASA’s Johnson Space Center in Houston, Texas. After completing two years of training, the new astronaut candidates could be assigned to missions performing research on the International Space Station, launching from American soil on spacecraft built by commercial companies, and launching on deep space missions on NASA’s new Orion spacecraft and Space Launch System rocket. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Mercury Astronauts - Group

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-21

S63-18853 (1963) --- Group shot of the original Mercury astronauts taken at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Houston, Texas. The astronauts are left-to-right: L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Walter M. Schirra, Alan B. Shepard Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, John H. Glenn Jr., Donald K. Slayton and M. Scott Carpenter. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Mark Linenger measures height of Astronaut Mark Lee during DSO

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-15

STS064-05-020 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- Astronaut Mark C. Lee gets his height measured by astronaut Jerry M. Linenger as part of a daily in-flight routine supporting a medical Detailed Supplementary Objective (DSO). Astronaut Richard N. Richards, STS-64 mission commander, looks on in the background. This study was designed to collect information about back pain and height changes experienced by astronauts during flight. Crew members participating in this DSO are required to record height measurements and long back-pain symptoms daily. As an ongoing program, this DSO will gather data from 30 astronauts who spend more than eight consecutive days in space. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Alan L. Bean - Family - Houston, TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-07-05

S73-31104 (17 July 1973) --- The wife and children of astronaut Alan L. Bean are photographed at their home near the Johnson Space Center (JSC), where their husband and father is preparing for NASA?s second manned Skylab mission. Bean is commander of the Skylab 3 Earth-orbital mission and will be joined by scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot, and astronaut Jack R. Lousma, pilot for the schedule two-month mission. With Mrs. Sue Bean are the couple?s children Clay, 17, and Amy Sue, 10; and the family?s pet dog. Photo credit: NASA

Original Seven Astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1959-01-01

The group portrait of the original seven astronauts for the Mercury Project. NASA selected its first seven astronauts on April 27, 1959. Left to right at front: Walter M. Wally Schirra, Donald K. Deke Slayton, John H. Glenn, Jr., and Scott Carpenter. Left to right at rear: Alan B. Shepard, Virgil I. Gus Grissom, and L. Gordon Cooper, Jr.

Former Astronaut Leland Melvin speaks with Elmo

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-07-06

NASA Associate Administrator for Education and former astronaut Leland Melvin teaches the ABC's of living and working in space to Sesame Street's Elmo at NASA's Kennedy Space Center, Wednesday, July 6, 2011 in Cape Canaveral, FL. The pair discussed nutrition, exercise, hygiene in orbit. They also chatted about the features of the space shuttle and the various suits that astronauts wear. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman during WETF training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-08-05

S93-42464 (September 1993) --- Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman, mission specialist for STS-73, dons a high-fidelity training version of an Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU) spacesuit at the Johnson Space Center?s (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Coleman, who has recently been named as one of seven crew members for the U.S. Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission, was about to go underwater in a 25-feet deep pool. The pool is used to train astronauts for mission specific space walk chores as well as for contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) tasks.

Astronauts Congressional Gold Medal

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-20

Apollo 11 Astronauts, from left, Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong, and Buzz Aldrin stand in recognition of Astronaut John Glenn during the U.S House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology tribute to the Apollo 11 Astronauts at the Cannon House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Tuesday, July 21, 2009 in Washington. The committee presented the three Apollo 11 astronauts with a framed copy of House Resolution 607 honoring their achievement, and announced passage of legislation awarding them and John Glenn the Congressional Gold Medal. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

PORTRAIT - ASTRONAUT GROUP 16 (NEW AND OLD)

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-02-09

S63-00562 (February 1963) --- Portrait of astronaut groups 1 and 2. The original seven Mercury astronauts selected by NASA in April 1959, are seated (left to right): L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Water M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr., and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, which were named in September 1962, are standing (left to right): Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford, and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Alan Bean flies the Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-27

SL3-107-1215 (27 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, flies the M509 Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment in the forward dome area of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) on the space station cluster in Earth orbit. One of his fellow crewmen took this photograph with a 35mm Nikon camera. Bean is strapped into the back mounted, hand-controlled Automatically Stabilized Maneuvering Unit (ASMU). The dome area is about 22 feet in diameter and 19 feet from top to bottom. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Alan Bean flies the Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-18

SL3-108-1304 (July-September 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, flies the M509 Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment in the forward dome area of the Orbital Workshop (OWS) on the space station cluster in Earth orbit. Bean is strapped in to the back-mounted, hand-controlled Automatically Stabilized Maneuvering Unit (ASMU). This ASMU experiment is being done in shirt sleeves. The dome area where the experiment is conducted is about 22 feet in diameter and 19 feet from top to bottom. Photo credit: NASA

Tracking Historical NASA EVA Training: Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) Development of the EVA Suit Exposure Tracker (EVA SET)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Laughlin, Mitzi S.; Murray, Jocelyn D.; Lee, Lesley R.; Wear, Mary L.; Van Baalen, Mary

2017-01-01

During a spacewalk, designated as extravehicular activity (EVA), an astronaut ventures from the protective environment of the spacecraft into the vacuum of space. EVAs are among the most challenging tasks during a mission, as they are complex and place the astronaut in a highly stressful environment dependent on the spacesuit for survival. Due to the complexity of EVA, NASA has conducted various training programs on Earth to mimic the environment of space and to practice maneuvers in a more controlled and forgiving environment. However, rewards offset the risks of EVA, as some of the greatest accomplishments in the space program were accomplished during EVA, such as the Apollo moonwalks and the Hubble Space Telescope repair missions. Water has become the environment of choice for EVA training on Earth, using neutral buoyancy as a substitute for microgravity. During EVA training, an astronaut wears a modified version of the spacesuit adapted for working in water. This high fidelity suit allows the astronaut to move in the water while performing tasks on full-sized mockups of space vehicles, telescopes, and satellites. During the early Gemini missions, several EVA objectives were much more difficult than planned and required additional time. Later missions demonstrated that "complex (EVA) tasks were feasible when restraints maintained body position and underwater simulation training ensured a high success probability".1,2 EVA training has evolved from controlling body positioning to perform basic tasks to complex maintenance of the Hubble Space Telescope and construction of the International Space Station (ISS). Today, preparation is centered at special facilities built specifically for EVA training, such as the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) at NASA's Johnson Space Center ([JSC], Houston) and the Hydrolab at the Gagarin Cosmonaut Training Centre ([GCTC], Star City, outside Moscow). Underwater training for an EVA is also considered hazardous duty for NASA

Astronaut Alan Shepard receives MASA Distinguished Service award

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-05-07

S88-31387 (8 May 1961) --- President John F. Kennedy (left) congratulates NASA's Distinguished Service Medal Award recipient astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. in a Rose Garden ceremony on May 8, 1961, at the White House. Vice-President Lyndon B. Johnson, NASA Administrator James E. Webb and several NASA astronauts are in the background. Three days earlier, Shepard made history with a 15-minute suborbital space mission in the Freedom 7, Mercury-Redstone 3 spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

NASA Virtual Glovebox: An Immersive Virtual Desktop Environment for Training Astronauts in Life Science Experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Twombly, I. Alexander; Smith, Jeffrey; Bruyns, Cynthia; Montgomery, Kevin; Boyle, Richard

2003-01-01

The International Space Station will soon provide an unparalleled research facility for studying the near- and longer-term effects of microgravity on living systems. Using the Space Station Glovebox Facility - a compact, fully contained reach-in environment - astronauts will conduct technically challenging life sciences experiments. Virtual environment technologies are being developed at NASA Ames Research Center to help realize the scientific potential of this unique resource by facilitating the experimental hardware and protocol designs and by assisting the astronauts in training. The Virtual GloveboX (VGX) integrates high-fidelity graphics, force-feedback devices and real- time computer simulation engines to achieve an immersive training environment. Here, we describe the prototype VGX system, the distributed processing architecture used in the simulation environment, and modifications to the visualization pipeline required to accommodate the display configuration.

The Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bopp, Eugenia; Wear, Mary L.; Lee, Lesley R.; VanBaalen, Mary

2013-01-01

From 1989-2010 NASA conducted a research study, the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health, to investigate the incidence of acute and chronic morbidity and mortality in astronauts and to determine whether their occupational exposures were associated with increased risk of death or disability. In 2004, the Institute of Medicine recommended that NASA convert the longitudinal study into an occupational health surveillance program and in 2010, NASA initiated the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health project. The new program collects data on astronaut workplace exposures, especially those occurring in the training and space flight environments, and conducts operational and health care analyses to look for trends in exposure and health outcomes. Astronaut selection and retention medical standards are rigorous, requiring an extensive clinical testing regimen. As a result, this employee population has contributed to a large set of health data available for analyses. Astronauts represent a special population with occupational exposures not typically experienced by other employee populations. Additionally, astronauts are different from the general population in terms of demographic and physiologic characteristics. The challenges and benefits of conducting health surveillance for an employee population with unique occupational exposures will be discussed. Several occupational surveillance projects currently underway to examine associations between astronaut workplace exposures and medical outcomes will be described.

Radiation Exposure and Mortality from Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer in Early NASA Astronauts.

PubMed

Elgart, S Robin; Little, Mark P; Chappell, Lori J; Milder, Caitlin M; Shavers, Mark R; Huff, Janice L; Patel, Zarana S

2018-05-31

Understanding space radiation health effects is critical due to potential increased morbidity and mortality following spaceflight. We evaluated whether there is evidence for excess cardiovascular disease or cancer mortality in early NASA astronauts and if a correlation exists between space radiation exposure and mortality. Astronauts selected from 1959-1969 were included and followed until death or February 2017, with 39 of 73 individuals still alive at that time. Calculated standardized mortality rates for tested outcomes were significantly below U.S. white male population rates, including all-cardiovascular disease (n = 7, SMR = 33; 95% CI, 14-65) and all-cancer (n = 7, SMR = 43; 95% CI, 18-83), as anticipated in a healthy worker population. Space radiation doses for cohort members ranged from 0-78 mGy. No significant associations between space radiation dose and mortality were found using logistic regression with an internal reference group, adjusting for medical radiation. Statistical power of the logistic regression was <6%, remaining <12% even when expected risk level or observed deaths were assumed to be 10 times higher than currently reported. While no excess radiation-associated cardiovascular or cancer mortality risk was observed, findings must be tempered by the statistical limitations of this cohort; notwithstanding, this small unique cohort provides a foundation for assessment of astronaut health.

New astronauts visit JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1978-02-01

S78-25633 (31 Jan. 1978) --- These six mission specialist astronaut candidates are the first women ASCANs to be named by NASA. They are, left to right, Rhea Seddon, Anna L. Fisher, Judith A. Resnik, Shannon W. Lucid, Sally K. Ride and Kathryn D. Sullivan. Along with these candidates, 14 other mission specialist candidates and 15 pilot astronaut candidates were presented during a press conference at the Johnson Space Center on Jan. 31, 1978. All 35 met the press in the larger Teague Auditorium and the women greeted photographers and other media representatives in the Public Affairs Office briefing room. Photo credit: NASA

Boeing Unveils New Suit for Commercial Crew Astronauts

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-01-23

Boeing unveiled its spacesuit design Wednesday as the company continues to move toward flight tests and crew rotation missions of its Starliner spacecraft and launch systems that will fly astronauts to the International Space Station. Astronauts heading into orbit for the station aboard the Starliner will wear Boeing’s new spacesuits. The suits are custom-designed to fit each astronaut, lighter and more comfortable than earlier versions and meet NASA requirements for safety and functionality. NASA's commercial crew astronauts Eric Boe and Suni Williams tried on the suits at Boeing’s Commercial Crew and Cargo Facility at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center. Boe, Williams, Bob Behnken, and Doug Hurley were selected by NASA in July 2015 to train for commercial crew test flights aboard the Starliner and SpaceX’s Crew Dragon spacecraft. The flight assignments have not been set, so all four of the astronauts are rehearsingheavily for flights aboard both vehicles.

ASTRONAUT GROUP - PORTRAIT

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-10-01

S62-06759 (1962) --- This is the second group of pilot astronauts chosen by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). These astronaut pilots are (kneeling left to right) Charles Conrad, Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, and John W. Young; (standing in the back row - left to right) Elliot M. See, Jr., James A. McDivitt, James A. Lovell, Jr., Edward H. White II, and Thomas P. Stafford.

Improving Bone-Health Monitoring in Astronauts: Recommended Use of Quantitative Computed Tomography [QCT] for Clinical and Operational Decisions by NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sibonga, J. D.; Truszkowski, P.

2010-01-01

DXA measurement of areal bone mineral density [aBMD,g/cm2] is required by NASA for assessing skeletal integrity in astronauts. Due to the abundance of population-based data that correlate hip and spine BMDs to fragility fractures, BMD is widely applied as a predictor of fractures in the general aging population. In contrast, QCT is primarily a research technology that measures three-dimensional , volumetric BMD (vBMD,mg/cm3) of bone and is therefore capable of differentiating between cortical and trabecular components. Additionally, when combined with Finite Element Modeling [FEM], a computational tool, QCT data can be used to estimate the whole bone strength of the hip [FE strength] for a specific load vector. A recent report demonstrated that aBMD failed to correlate with incurred changes in FE strength (for fall and stance loading) by astronauts over typical 180-day ISS (International Space Station) missions. While there are no current guidelines for using QCT data in clinical practice, QCT increases the understanding of how bone structure and mineral content are affected by spaceflight and recovery on Earth. In order to understand/promote/consider the use of QCT, NASA convened a panel of clinicians specializing in osteoporosis. After reviewing the available, albeit limited, medical and research information from long-duration astronauts (e.g., data from DXA, QCT, FEM, biochemistry analyses, medical records and in-flight exercise performance) the panelists were charged with recommending how current and future research data and analyses could inform clinical and operational decisions. The Panel recommended that clinical bone tests on astronauts should include QCT (hip and lumbar spine) for occupational risk surveillance and for the estimation of whole hip bone strength as derived by FEM. FE strength will provide an improved index that NASA could use to select astronauts of optimal bone health for extended duration missions, for repeat missions or for specific

PORTRAIT - ASTRONAUT GROUP 16 (NEW AND OLD) - MSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-02-19

S63-01419 (1963) --- The first two groups of astronauts selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The original seven Mercury astronauts, selected in April 1959, are seated left to right, L. Gordon Cooper Jr., Virgil I. Grissom, M. Scott Carpenter, Walter M. Schirra Jr., John H. Glenn Jr., Alan B. Shepard Jr. and Donald K. Slayton. The second group of NASA astronauts, named in September 1962 are, standing left to right, Edward H. White II, James A. McDivitt, John W. Young, Elliot M. See Jr., Charles Conrad Jr., Frank Borman, Neil A. Armstrong, Thomas P. Stafford and James A. Lovell Jr. Photo credit: NASA

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

A NASA Social participant tweets during as astronaut Joe Acaba answers questions from the audience at NASA Headquaters, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 in Washington. NASA astronaut Acaba launched to the ISS on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Astronaut Joseph Tanner is assisted into his EMU during training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-66 mission specialist, is assisted by Boeing suit expert Steve Voyles in donning the gloves for his extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) as he prepares to be submerged in a 25-feet deep pool at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Though no extravehicular activity (EVA) is planned for the mission, at least two astronauts are trained to perform tasks that would require a space walk in the event of failure of remote systems.

Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan prepares to draw blood from astronaut Charles J. Brady.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-78 ONBOARD VIEW --- Astronaut Richard M. Linnehan prepares to draw blood from astronaut Charles J. Brady. The two mission specialists ultimately joined three other NASA astronauts and two international payload specialists for almost 17-days of research in the Life and Microgravity Spacelab (LMS-1) Science Module in the Space Shuttle Columbias cargo bay. Part of a battery of metabolic studies, blood draws, along with fecal and urine samples of each crew member, are used to measure calcium loss and to determine how and where this loss occurs during spaceflight.

Musculoskeletal Modeling Component of the NASA Digital Astronaut Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewandowski, B. E.; Pennline, J. A.; Stalker, A. R.; Mulugeta, L.; Myers, J. G.

2011-01-01

The NASA Digital Astronaut Project s (DAP) objective is to provide computational tools that support research of the physiological response to low gravity environments and analyses of how changes cause health and safety risks to the astronauts and to the success of the mission. The spaceflight risk associated with muscle atrophy is impaired performance due to reduced muscle mass, strength and endurance. Risks of early onset of osteoporosis and bone fracture are among the spaceflight risks associated with loss of bone mineral density. METHODS: Tools under development include a neuromuscular model, a biomechanical model and a bone remodeling model. The neuromuscular model will include models of neuromuscular drive, muscle atrophy, fiber morphology and metabolic processes as a function of time in space. Human movement will be modeled with the biomechanical model, using muscle and bone model parameters at various states. The bone remodeling model will allow analysis of bone turnover, loss and adaptation. A comprehensive trade study was completed to identify the current state of the art in musculoskeletal modeling. The DAP musculoskeletal models will be developed using a combination of existing commercial software and academic research codes identified in the study, which will be modified for use in human spaceflight research. These individual models are highly dependent upon each other and will be integrated together once they reach sufficient levels of maturity. ANALYSES: The analyses performed with these models will include comparison of different countermeasure exercises for optimizing effectiveness and comparison of task requirements and the state of strength and endurance of a crew member at a particular time in a mission. DISCUSSION: The DAP musculoskeletal model has the potential to complement research conducted on spaceflight induced changes to the musculoskeletal system. It can help with hypothesis formation, identification of causative mechanisms and

SUIT - ASTRONAUT S. CARPENTER - PA

NASA Image and Video Library

1960-08-01

S61-03510 (1961) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter smiles, in his pressure suit, prior to participating in a simulated mission run at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Astronaut Carpenter has been selected as the prime pilot on the United States second attempt to put a man into orbit around Earth. Photo credit: NASA

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

A participant at a NASA Social in Washington engages in social media as he listens to astronaut Joe Acaba answer questions, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 at NASA Headquarters. NASA astronaut Joe Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

A participant at a NASA Social in Washington listens to astronaut Joe Acaba answer questions about his time living aboard the International Space Station, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 at NASA Headquarters. NASA astronaut Acaba launched to the ISS on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Mercury astronauts participate in survivial training

NASA Image and Video Library

1988-03-25

S88-31375 (1960) --- Although more easily recognized in their spacesuits, these seven men are actually NASA astronauts participating in a U.S. Air Force survival school at Stead Air Force Base in Nevada. The original seven Mercury astronauts are, left to right, L. Gordon Cooper Jr.; M. Scott Carpenter; John H. Glenn Jr.; Alan B. Shepard Jr.; Virgil I. Grissom; Walter M. Schirra Jr. and Donald K. Slayton. Portions of their clothing have been fashioned from parachute material. Photo credit: NASA

Atrial Arrhythmias in Astronauts. Summary of a NASA Summit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barr, Yael; Watkins, Sharmila; Polk, J. D.

2011-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the findings of a panel of heart experts brought together to study if atrial arrhythmias more prevalent in astronauts, and potential risk factors that may predispose astronauts to atrial arrhythmias. The objective of the panel was to solicit expert opinion on screening, diagnosis, and treatment options, identify gaps in knowledge, and propose relevant research initiatives. While Atrial Arrhythmias occur in approximately the same percents in astronauts as in the general population, they seem to occur at younger ages in astronauts. Several reasons for this predisposition were given: gender, hypertension, endurance training, and triggering events. Potential Space Flight-Related Risk factors that may play a role in precipitating lone atrial fibrillation were reviewed. There appears to be no evidence that any variable of the space flight environment increases the likelihood of developing atrial arrhythmias during space flight.

Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2012-01-01

At the request of NASA, the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for Evaluation of Space Radiation Cancer Risk Model1 reviewed a number of changes that NASA proposes to make to its model for estimating the risk of radiation-induced cancer in astronauts. The NASA model in current use was last updated in 2005, and the proposed model would incorporate recent research directed at improving the quantification and understanding of the health risks posed by the space radiation environment. NASA's proposed model is defined by the 2011 NASA report Space Radiation Cancer Risk Projections and Uncertainties--2010 . The committee's evaluation is based primarily on this source, which is referred to hereafter as the 2011 NASA report, with mention of specific sections or tables. The overall process for estimating cancer risks due to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation exposure has been fully described in reports by a number of organizations. The approaches described in the reports from all of these expert groups are quite similar. NASA's proposed space radiation cancer risk assessment model calculates, as its main output, age- and gender-specific risk of exposure-induced death (REID) for use in the estimation of mission and astronaut-specific cancer risk. The model also calculates the associated uncertainties in REID. The general approach for estimating risk and uncertainty in the proposed model is broadly similar to that used for the current (2005) NASA model and is based on recommendations by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. However, NASA's proposed model has significant changes with respect to the following: the integration of new findings and methods into its components by taking into account newer epidemiological data and analyses, new radiobiological data indicating that quality factors differ for leukemia and solid cancers, an improved method for specifying quality factors in terms of radiation track structure concepts as

Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman aboard KC-135 aircraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-01-10

S94-26350 (10 Jan. 1994) --- Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman seems to enjoy the brief period of weightlessness she is sharing with fellow members of the 1992 class of astronauts. The weightless experience was afforded by a special parabolic pattern flown by NASA?s KC-135 ?zero gravity? aircraft. Left to right behind her are astronauts Michael E. Lopez-Alegria, Kevin R. Kregel and Winston E. Scott. EDITOR?S NOTE: Since this photograph was taken the four have been named to flights as follows: Kregel, STS-70; Scott, STS-72.

Astronaut John Glenn - Blood Draw - Training - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-07-05

S61-02579 (1961) --- Astronaut nurse Delores B. O'Hara, R.N., in the Aeromedical Laboratory at Cape Canaveral, Florida, takes a blood sample from Mercury astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. Photo credit: NASA

14 CFR 1214.1106 - Selection of astronaut candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection of astronaut candidates. 1214.1106 Section 1214.1106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA Astronaut Candidate Recruitment and Selection Program § 1214.1106 Selection of astronaut...

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

A participant at a NASA Social in Washington tweets as he listens to astronaut Joe Acaba answer questions about his time living aboard the International Space Station, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 at NASA Headquarters. NASA astronaut Joe Acaba launched to the ISS on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-18

NASA Social participants are reflected in the sunglasses of former NASA astronaut Garrett Reisman, now a senior engineer working on astronaut safety and mission assurance for Space Exploration Technologies, or SpaceX, as he speaks with them, Friday, May 18, 2012, at the launch complex where the company's Falcon 9 rocket is set to launch early Friday morning at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in Cape Canaveral, Fla. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

Educating Astronauts About Conservation Biology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Julie A.

2001-01-01

This article reviews the training of astronauts in the interdisciplinary work of conservation biology. The primary responsibility of the conservation biologist at NASA is directing and supporting the photography of the Earth and maintaining the complete database of the photographs. In order to perform this work, the astronauts who take the pictures must be educated in ecological issues.

ASTRONAUT MANEUVERING UNIT (AMU) - GEMINI 12 - EVALUATION - ASTRONAUT ALDRIN - MCDONNELL AIRCRAFT CORP. (MDAC), M0

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-08-15

S66-51073 (15 Aug. 1966) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., prime crew pilot of the Gemini-12 spaceflight, undergoes evaluation procedures with the Astronaut Maneuvering Unit in the 30-foot altitude chamber at McDonnell. The suited Aldrin is wearing an AMU backpack and an Extravehicular Life Support System (ELSS) chest pack. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Exposures to Ionizing Radiation in a Lightly-Shielded Spacesuit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, J. W.; Simonsen, L. C.; Shinn, J. L.; Kim, M.-H. Y.; Cucinotta, F. A.; Badavi, F. F.; Atwell, W.

1999-01-01

The normal working and living areas of the astronauts are designed to provide an acceptable level of protection against the hazards of ionizing radiation of the space environment. Still there are occasions when they must don a spacesuit designed mainly for environmental control and mobility and leave the confines of their better-protected domain. This is especially true for deep space exploration. The impact of spacesuit construction on the exposure of critical astronaut organs will be examined in the ionizing radiation environments of free space, the lunar surface and the Martian surface. The computerized anatomical male model is used to evaluate astronaut self-shielding factors and to determine space radiation exposures to critical radiosensitive human organs.

NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member David Wolf after landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

NASA astronaut and Mir 24 crew member David Wolf, M.D., who was on the Russian Space Station Mir since late September 1997, greets his friend, Tammy Kruse, shortly after his return to Earth on Jan. 31. Dr. Wolf returned aboard the orbiter Endeavour with the rest of the STS-89 crew, including Commander Terrence Wilcutt; Pilot Joe Edwards Jr.; and Mission Specialists James Reilly, Ph.D.; Michael Anderson; Bonnie Dunbar, Ph.D.; and Salizhan Sharipov with the Russian Space Agency. STS-89 Mission Specialist Andrew Thomas, Ph.D., succeeded Dr. Wolf on Mir and is scheduled to remain on the Russian space station until the STS-91 Shuttle mission returns in June 1998. In addition to the docking and crew exchange, STS-89 included the transfer of science, logistical equipment and supplies between the two orbiting spacecrafts.

Astronaut Hammond gets microgravity exercise on rowing machine

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-10

STS064-09-026 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- Astronaut L. Blaine Hammond, STS-64 pilot, gets microgravity exercise on the rowing machine. This area of the space shuttle Discovery's middeck was also used for the treadmill exercising device. Blaine and five other NASA astronauts spent almost 11 days in Earth orbit in support of the mission. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Apollo 11 and John Glenn Astronauts Congressional Gold Medal

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-07-20

Apollo 11 Astronauts, from left, Michael Collins, Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin and NASA Administrator Charles Bolden attend the U.S House of Representatives Committee on Science and Technology tribute to the Apollo 11 Astronauts at the Cannon House Office Building on Capitol Hill, Tuesday, July 21, 2009 in Washington. The Committee presented the three Apollo 11 astronauts with a framed copy of House Resolution 607 honoring their achievement, and announced passage of legislation awarding them and John Glenn the Congressional Gold Medal. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Mary Ellen Weber during training session in WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-05-01

Attired in a training version of the Extravehicular Mobility Unit (EMU), astronaut Mary Ellen Weber gets help with the final touches of suit donning during a training session at JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). Training as a mission specialist for the STS-70 mission, Weber was about to rehearse a contingency space walk.

Evaluating Bone Loss in ISS Astronauts.

PubMed

Sibonga, Jean D; Spector, Elisabeth R; Johnston, Smith L; Tarver, William J

2015-12-01

The measurement of bone mineral density (BMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is the Medical Assessment Test used at the NASA Johnson Space Center to evaluate whether prolonged exposure to spaceflight increases the risk for premature osteoporosis in International Space Station (ISS) astronauts. The DXA scans of crewmembers' BMD during the first decade of the ISS existence showed precipitous declines in BMD for the hip and spine after the typical 6-mo missions. However, a concern exists that skeletal integrity cannot be sufficiently assessed solely by DXA measurement of BMD. Consequently, use of relatively new research technologies is being proposed to NASA for risk surveillance and to enhance long-term management of skeletal health in long-duration astronauts. Sibonga JD, Spector ER, Johnston SL, Tarver WJ. Evaluating bone loss in ISS astronauts.

BIRTHDAY CARD - ASTRONAUT TRULY, RICHARD

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-11-10

S81-39418 (10 Nov. 1981) --- Aware that astronaut Richard H. Truly, pictured, would be difficult to reach on his 44th birthday Nov. 12, pupils at Carver-Jones Elementary School in Baytown, Texas made certain the STS-2 pilot got his birthday card early. Some art pupils of Shirley Dynum got together and decided that they?d like to custom-make Truly a nice remembrance for a day expected to be filled with remembrances. Nov. 12 is also the date for launch of NASA?s second space shuttle flight in the space shuttle Columbia, with astronauts Truly and Joe H. Engle, commander, at the flight deck. In fact, only moments after this photo was taken, the two departed from JSC to Ellington Air Force Base from which they took T-38 flights to the launch facility in Florida. Photo credit: NASA

2017 Astronaut Hall of Fame Induction Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-05-19

In the Space Shuttle Atlantis facility at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida, Astronaut Scholarship Foundation Chairman Dan Brandenstein, left, also a Hall of Fame astronaut, presents inductee Michael Foale with his hall of fame medal. Former NASA Administrator Charlie Bolden, right, a Hall of Fame member, presented Foale for induction. During this year's ceremonies, space shuttle astronaut Ellen Ochoa also was enshrined.

Former Dryden pilot and NASA astronaut Neil Armstrong being inducted into the Aerospace Walk of Hono

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Famed astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, the first man to set foot on the moon during the historic Apollo 11 space mission in July 1969, served for seven years as a research pilot at the NACA-NASA High-Speed Flight Station, now the Dryden Flight Research Center, at Edwards, California, before he entered the space program. Armstrong joined the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) at the Lewis Flight Propulsion Laboratory (later NASA's Lewis Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, and today the Glenn Research Center) in 1955. Later that year, he transferred to the High-Speed Flight Station at Edwards as an aeronautical research scientist and then as a pilot, a position he held until becoming an astronaut in 1962. He was one of nine NASA astronauts in the second class to be chosen. As a research pilot Armstrong served as project pilot on the F-100A and F-100C aircraft, F-101, and the F-104A. He also flew the X-1B, X-5, F-105, F-106, B-47, KC-135, and Paresev. He left Dryden with a total of over 2450 flying hours. He was a member of the USAF-NASA Dyna-Soar Pilot Consultant Group before the Dyna-Soar project was cancelled, and studied X-20 Dyna-Soar approaches and abort maneuvers through use of the F-102A and F5D jet aircraft. Armstrong was actively engaged in both piloting and engineering aspects of the X-15 program from its inception. He completed the first flight in the aircraft equipped with a new flow-direction sensor (ball nose) and the initial flight in an X-15 equipped with a self-adaptive flight control system. He worked closely with designers and engineers in development of the adaptive system, and made seven flights in the rocket plane from December 1960 until July 1962. During those fights he reached a peak altitude of 207,500 feet in the X-15-3, and a speed of 3,989 mph (Mach 5.74) in the X-15-1. Armstrong has a total of 8 days and 14 hours in space, including 2 hours and 48 minutes walking on the Moon. In March 1966 he was commander of the Gemini 8

SCHIRRA, WALTER, JR., ASTRONAUT - TRAINING - CENTRIFUGE - PA

NASA Image and Video Library

1960-11-22

G60-02461 (1960) --- Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr. prepares to enter gondola of centrifuge which is used to test gravitational stress on astronauts training for spaceflight. Schirra became the pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) six-orbit space mission. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Garneau working with Audio Control System panel

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-06-05

STS077-392-007 (19-29 May 1996) --- Inside the Spacehab Module onboard the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour, Canadian astronaut Marc Garneau, mission specialist, joins astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, in checking out the audio control system for Spacehab. The two joined four other NASA astronauts for nine days of research and experimentation in Earth-orbit.

Astronaut John W. Young during water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-06-18

S66-39691 (18 June 1966) --- Astronaut John W. Young, prime crew command pilot for the Gemini-10 spaceflight, sits in Static Article 5 during water egress training activity onboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever. The SA-5 will be placed in the water and he and astronaut Michael Collins will then practice egress and water survival techniques. At right is Gordon Harvey, Spacecraft Operations Branch, Flight Crew Support Division. Photo credit: NASA

STS-79 astronauts have prelaunch meal in O&C

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

Already on an altered schedule in preparation for their spaceflight, the STS-79 astronauts are having lunch around midnight in the Operations and Checkout Building. From left are Mission Specialist Jay Apt; Pilot Terrence W. Wilcutt; Commander William F. Readdy; and Mission Specialists Thomas D. Akers, Carl E. Walz and John E. Blaha. After receiving a weather briefing, the astronauts will don their launch/entry suits and depart for Launch Pad 39A. Awaiting them is the Space Shuttle Atlantis, slated to lift off at approximately 4:54 a.m. EDT, Sept. 16, during a seven-minute window. The 79th Shuttle flight will be highlighted by the fourth docking between the U.S. Shuttle and Russian Space Station Mir and the first in a series of U.S. crew exchanges. Blaha will transfer to Mir and fellow U.S. astronaut Shannon Lucid will return to Earth with the other STS-79 astronauts after a record-setting stay on the station.

Technical Evaluation of the NASA Model for Cancer Risk to Astronauts Due to Space Radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2012-01-01

At the request of NASA, the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for Evaluation of Space Radiation Cancer Risk Model reviewed a number of changes that NASA proposes to make to its model for estimating the risk of radiation-induced cancer in astronauts. The NASA model in current use was last updated in 2005, and the proposed model would incorporate recent research directed at improving the quantification and understanding of the health risks posed by the space radiation environment. NASA's proposed model is defined by the 2011 NASA report Space Radiation Cancer Risk Projections and Uncertainties 2010 (Cucinotta et al., 2011). The committee's evaluation is based primarily on this source, which is referred to hereafter as the 2011 NASA report, with mention of specific sections or tables cited more formally as Cucinotta et al. (2011). The overall process for estimating cancer risks due to low linear energy transfer (LET) radiation exposure has been fully described in reports by a number of organizations. They include, more recently: (1) The "BEIR VII Phase 2" report from the NRC's Committee on Biological Effects of Ionizing Radiation (BEIR) (NRC, 2006); (2) Studies of Radiation and Cancer from the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR, 2006), (3) The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), ICRP Publication 103 (ICRP, 2007); and (4) The Environmental Protection Agency s (EPA s) report EPA Radiogenic Cancer Risk Models and Projections for the U.S. Population (EPA, 2011). The approaches described in the reports from all of these expert groups are quite similar. NASA's proposed space radiation cancer risk assessment model calculates, as its main output, age- and gender-specific risk of exposure-induced death (REID) for use in the estimation of mission and astronaut-specific cancer risk. The model also calculates the associated uncertainties in REID. The general approach for

Things That Scientists Don't Understand About NASA Spaceflight Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Platts, S. H.; Bauer, Terri; Rogers, Shanna

2017-01-01

So you want to conduct human spaceflight research aboard the International Space Station (ISS)? Once your spaceflight research aboard the ISS is proposal is funded.... the real work begins. Because resources are so limited for ISS research, it is necessary to maximize the work being done, while at the same time, minimizing the resources spent. Astronauts may be presented with over 30 human research experiments and select, on average approximately 15 in which to participate. In order to conduct this many studies, ISSMP uses the study requirements provided by the principle investigator to integrate all of this work into the astronauts' complement. The most important thing for investigators to convey to the ISSMP team is their RESEARCH REQUIREMENTS. Requirements are captured in the Experiment document. This document is the official record of how, what, where and when data will be collected. One common mistake that investigators make is not taking this document seriously, but when push comes to shove, if a research requirement is not in this document....it will not get done. The research requirements are then integrated to form a complement of research for each astronaut. What do we mean by integration? Many experiments have overlapping requirements; blood draws, behavioral surveys, heart rate measurement. Where possible, these measures are combined to reduce redundancy and save crew time. Investigators can access these data via data sharing agreements. More examples of how ISS research is integrated will be presented. There are additional limitations commonly associated with human spaceflight research that will also be discussed. Large/heavy hardware, invasive procedures, and toxic reagents are extremely difficult to implement on the ISS. There are strict limits placed on the amount of blood that can be drawn from crew members during (and immediately after) spaceflight. These limits are based on 30-day rolling accumulations. We have recently had to start restricting

NASA Exploration Launch Projects Systems Engineering Approach for Astronaut Missions to the Moon, Mars, and Beyond

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dumbacher, Daniel L.

2006-01-01

The U.S. Vision for Space Exploration directs NASA to design and develop a new generation of safe, reliable, and cost-effective transportation systems to hlfill the Nation s strategic goals and objectives. These launch vehicles will provide the capability for astronauts to conduct scientific exploration that yields new knowledge from the unique vantage point of space. American leadership in opening new fi-ontiers will improve the quality of life on Earth for generations to come. The Exploration Launch Projects office is responsible for delivering the Crew Launch Vehicle (CLV) that will loft the Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) into low-Earth orbit (LEO) early next decade, and for the heavy lift Cargo Launch Vehicle (CaLV) that will deliver the Lunar Surface Access Module (LSAM) to LEO for astronaut return trips to the Moon by 2020 in preparation for the eventual first human footprint on Mars. Crew travel to the International Space Station will be made available as soon possible after the Space Shuttle retires in 2010.

Astronaut Eugene Cernan sleeping aboard Apollo 17 spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-17

AS17-162-24049 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- A fellow crewman took this picture of astronaut Eugene A. Cernan dozing aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft during the final lunar landing mission in NASA's Apollo program. Also, aboard Apollo 17 were astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, and scientist-astronaut Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, lunar module pilot. Cernan was the mission commander.

Astronautics and Aeronautics: A Chronology, 2001-2005

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ivey, William Noel; Lewis, Marieke

2010-01-01

This report is a chronological compilation of narrative summaries of news reports and government documents highlighting significant events and developments in U.S. and foreign aeronautics and astronautics. It covers the years 2001 through 2005. These summaries provide a day-by-day recounting of major activities, such as administrative developments, awards, launches, scientific discoveries, corporate and government research results, and other events in countries with aeronautics and astronautics programs. Researchers used the archives and files housed in the NASA History Division, as well as reports and databases on the NASA Web site.

Astronautics and Aeronautics: A Chronology, 1996-2000

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, Marieke; Swanson, Ryan

2009-01-01

This report is a chronological compilation of narrative summaries of news reports and government documents highlighting significant events and developments in United States and foreign aeronautics and astronautics. It covers the years 1996 through 2000. These summaries provide a day-by-day recounting of major activities, such as administrative developments, awards, launches, scientific discoveries, corporate and government research results, and other events in countries with aeronautics and astronautics programs. Researchers used the archives and files housed in the NASA History Division, as well as reports and databases on the NASA Web site.

Distributed Observer Network (DON), Version 3.0, User's Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mazzone, Rebecca A.; Conroy, Michael P.

2015-01-01

The Distributed Observer Network (DON) is a data presentation tool developed by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to distribute and publish simulation results. Leveraging the display capabilities inherent in modern gaming technology, DON places users in a fully navigable 3-D environment containing graphical models and allows the users to observe how those models evolve and interact over time in a given scenario. Each scenario is driven with data that has been generated by authoritative NASA simulation tools and exported in accordance with a published data interface specification. This decoupling of the data from the source tool enables DON to faithfully display a simulator's results and ensure that every simulation stakeholder will view the exact same information every time.

Tweetup with Astronaut Timothy Creamer

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-07-28

NASA astronaut TJ Creamer talks about his experience in space during a "Tweetup" at NASA Headquarters, Thursday, July 29, 2010, in Washington. Creamer, who spent 161 days living aboard the International Space Station as part of the Expedition 22/23 crew, set up the orbiting outpost's live Internet connection and posted updates about the mission to his Twitter account, sending the first live tweet from orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

HMS Tonometry Payload

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-04-06

ISS030-E-200591 (6 April 2012) --- In the International Space Station?s Destiny laboratory, NASA astronaut Dan Burbank (left), Expedition 30 commander, uses the Health Maintenance System Tonometry payload to perform an intraocular pressure test on NASA astronaut Don Pettit, flight engineer. The activity was supervised via live Ku-band video by medical ground personnel.

Astronaut Alan Bean flies the Astronaut Maneuvering Equipment in the OWS

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-28

S73-34207 (28 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, flies the M509 astronaut Maneuvering Equipment, as seen in this photographic reproduction taken from a television transmission made by a color television camera in the Orbital Workshop (OWS) of the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. Bean is strapped into the back-mounted, hand-controlled Automatically Stabilized Maneuvering Unit (ASMU). The M509 exercise was in the forward dome area of the OWS. The dome area is about 22 feet in diameter and 19 feet from top to bottom. Photo credit: NASA

NASA aircraft technician Don Herman completes placement of the first official U.S. Centennial of Fli

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

NASA aircraft technician Don Herman completes placement of the first official U.S. Centennial of Flight Commission logo on an aircraft. The honored recipient is NASA Dryden Flight Research Center's Active Aeroelastic Wing (AAW) F/A-18 research aircraft, which is poised to begin wing-warping research flights harkening back to the Wright brothers. The Centennial of Flight Commission was created by the U.S.Congress in 1999 to serve as a national and international source of information about activities to commemorate the centennial of the Wright Brothers' first powered flight on the sands of Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, on December 17, 1903. Centennial activities are scheduled for 2003 in both North Carolina and Dayton, Ohio, home of the Wrights. In addition to these celebrations, numerous historical and educational projects are anticipated on the subject of aviation and aeronautics that will be an important legacy of the centennial of powered flight.

Assessments of astronaut effectiveness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rose, Robert M.; Helmreich, Robert L.; Fogg, Louis; Mcfadden, Terry J.

1993-01-01

This study examined the reliability and convergent validity of three methods of peer and supervisory ratings of the effectiveness of individual NASA astronauts and their relationships with flight assignments. These two techniques were found to be reliable and relatively convergent. Seniority and a peer-rated Performance and Competence factor proved to be most closely associated with flight assignments, while supervisor ratings and a peer-rated Group Living and Personality factor were found to be unrelated. Results have implications for the selection and training of astronauts.

NASA and ESA astronauts visit ESO. Hubble repair team meets European astronomers in Garching.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1994-02-01

On Wednesday, February 16, 1994, seven NASA and ESA astronauts and their spouses will spend a day at the Headquarters of the European Southern Observatory. They are the members of the STS-61 crew that successfully repaired the Hubble Space Telescope during a Space Shuttle mission in December 1993. This will be the only stop in Germany during their current tour of various European countries. ESO houses the Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility (ST/ECF), a joint venture by the European Space Agency and ESO. This group of astronomers and computer specialists provide all services needed by European astronomers for observations with the Space Telescope. Currently, the European share is about 20 of the total time available at this telescope. During this visit, a Press Conference will be held on Wednesday, February 16, 11:45 - 12:30 at the ESO Headquarters Karl-Schwarzschild-Strasse 2 D-85748 Garching bei Munchen. Please note that participation in this Press Conference is by invitation only. Media representatives may obtain invitations from Mrs. E. Volk, ESO Information Service at this address (Tel.: +49-89-32006276; Fax.: +49-89-3202362), until Friday, February 11, 1994. After the Press Conference, between 12:30 - 14:00, a light refreshment will be served at the ESO Headquarters to all participants. >From 14:00 - 15:30, the astronauts will meet with students and teachers from the many scientific institutes in Garching in the course of an open presentation at the large lecture hall of the Physics Department of the Technical University. It is a 10 minute walk from ESO to the hall. Later the same day, the astronauts will be back at ESO for a private discussion of various space astronomy issues with their astronomer colleagues, many of whom are users of the Hubble Space Telescope, as well as ground-based telescopes at the ESO La Silla Observatory and elsewhere. The astronauts continue to Switzerland in the evening.

Left to right, astronauts John H. Casper, mission commander, and Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, get

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1996-01-01

STS-77 TRAINING VIEW --- Left to right, astronauts John H. Casper, mission commander, and Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, get help with the final touches of suit donning during emergency bailout training for STS-77 crew members in the Johnson Space Centers (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Casper and Brown will join four other astronauts for nine days aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour next month.

NASA Earth Day 2014

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-22

NASA Astronaut John Mace Grunsfeld takes a quick selfie with astronauts at the International Space Station at the NASA sponsored Earth Day event April 22, 2014 at Union Station in Washington, DC. NASA announced the "Global Selfie" event as part of its "Earth Right Now" campaign, celebrating the launch of five Earth-observing missions in 2014. All selfies posted to social media with the hashtag "GlobalSelfie" will be included in a mosaic image of Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Astronaut Fred Haise - Suiting Room - Prelaunch - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1970-04-11

S70-34851 (11 April 1970) --- A space suit technician talks with astronaut Fred W. Haise Jr., lunar module pilot for NASA's Apollo 13 mission, during suiting up procedures at Kennedy Space Center (KSC). Other members of the crew are astronauts James A. Lovell Jr., commander, and John L. Swigert Jr., command module pilot. Swigert replaced astronaut Thomas K. Mattingly II as a member of the crew when it was learned he had been exposed to measles.

NASA Live Tweetup Event with International Space Station

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-10-21

Former NASA astronaut Tom Jones shows off a sleeping bag used by astronauts living aboard the International Space Station during a NASA Tweetup event at NASA Headquarters in Washington, Wednesday, Oct. 21, 2009. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Tweetup with Astronaut Timothy Creamer

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-07-28

NASA astronaut TJ Creamer talks about his experience in space during a "Tweetup" at NASA Headquarters, Thursday, July 29, 2010, in Washington as Twitter followers looks on. Creamer, who spent 161 days living aboard the International Space Station as part of the Expedition 22/23 crew, set up the orbiting outpost's live Internet connection and posted updates about the mission to his Twitter account, sending the first live tweet from orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)

NASA STEM Event

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-01-19

NASA Astronaut and Associate Administrator for Education, Leland Melvin, talks to school children during an Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) education event held at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel in Arlington, VA on Saturday, Jan. 19, 2013. Students were able to meet with Astronaut Melvin, conduct experiments, build their own space jab, and touch a mockup space suit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Moments: Randy Bresnik

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-12

Astronaut Moments with NASA astronaut Randy Bresnik. Bresnik and his crewmates, cosmonaut Sergey Ryazanskiy of the Russian space agency Roscosmos and Paolo Nespoli of ESA (European Space Agency), will launch on the Russian Soyuz MS-05 spacecraft at 11:41 a.m. on July 28. They are scheduled to return to Earth in December. The crew members will continue several hundred experiments in biology, biotechnology, physical science and Earth science currently underway and scheduled to take place aboard humanity's only permanently occupied orbiting lab. HD download link: https://archive.org/details/jsc2017m000414_Astronaut-Moments-Randy-Bresnik _______________________________________ FOLLOW THE SPACE STATION! Twitter: https://twitter.com/Space_Station Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/ISS Instagram: https://instagram.com/iss/

Astronaut Demographic Database: Everything You Want to Know About Astronauts and More

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keeton, Kathryn; Patterson, Holly

2011-01-01

A wealth of information regarding the astronaut population is available that could be especially useful to researchers. However, until now, it has been difficult to obtain that information in a systematic way. Therefore, this "astronaut database" began as a way for researchers within the Behavioral Health and Performance Group to keep track of the ever growing astronaut corps population. Before our effort, compilation of such data could be found, but not in a way that was easily acquired or accessible. One would have to use internet search engines, read through lengthy and potentially inaccurate informational sites, or read through astronaut biographies compiled by NASA. Astronauts are a unique class of individuals and, by examining such information, which we dubbed "Demographics," we hoped to find some commonalities that may be useful for other research areas and future research topics. By organizing the information pertaining to astronauts1 in a formal, unified catalog, we believe we have made the information more easily accessible, readily useable, and user friendly. Our end goal is to provide this database to others as a highly functional resource within the research community. Perhaps the database can eventually be an official, published document for researchers to gain full access.

Astronaut Kenneth Reightler processes biomedical samples in SPACEHAB

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-02-09

STS060-301-003 (3-11 Feb 1994) --- Astronaut Kenneth S. Reightler, STS-60 pilot, processes biomedical samples in a centrifuge aboard the SPACEHAB module. Reightler joined four other NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut for eight days of research aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.

Astronaut Thomas Jones opens food package on middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-10

STS059-14-004 (9-20 April 1994) --- On the Space Shuttle Endeavour's middeck astronaut Thomas D. Jones, mission specialist, cuts open a package of food as he prepares for mealtime. Jones was joined by five other NASA astronauts aboard Endeavour for the STS-59 mission.

Astronaut Story Musgrave during final stages of exercise in the WETF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Astronaut Story Musgrave, STS-6 mission specialist, checks a sequence list on his spacesuit during the final stages of suit-donning exercise in the weightless environment test facility (WETF). He is wearing the full extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), including helmet and gloves and is strapped in to the platform for movement into the water.

John Young-NASA’s Longest Serving Astronaut

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-06

This music video takes a look back at the NASA career of astronaut John Young, who died Friday night following complications from pneumonia at the age of 87. Young is the only agency astronaut to go into space as part of the Gemini, Apollo and space shuttle programs, and the first to fly into space six times.

Astronaut Norman Thagard rests on middeck while other team is on duty

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-05-03

Astronaut Norman E. Thagard, mission specialist for the "silver" team, rests on the middeck while the "gold" team is on duty in the science module. Don L. Lind, left, "gold" team member, meanwhile participates in autogenic feedback training (AFT), designed to help flight crewmembers overcome the effects of zero-gravity adaptation.

Astronaut Norman Thagard rests on middeck while other team is on duty

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Astronaut Norman E. Thagard, mission specialist for the 'silver' team, rests on the middeck while the 'gold' team is on duty in the science module. Don L. Lind, left, 'gold' team member, meanwhile participates in autogenic feedback training (AFT), designed to help flight crewmembers overcome the effects of zero-gravity adaptation.

Astronaut William Anders Official Portrait

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1967-01-01

This is the official NASA portrait of astronaut William Anders. Anders was commissioned in the air Force after graduation from the Naval Academy and served as a fighter pilot in all-weather interception squadrons of the Air Defense Command. Later he was responsible for technical management of nuclear power reactor shielding and radiation effects programs while at the Air Force Weapons Laboratory in New Mexico. In 1964, Anders was selected by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) as an astronaut with responsibilities for dosimetry, radiation effects and environmental controls. He was backup pilot for the Gemini XI, Apollo 11 flights, and served as lunar module (LM) pilot for Apollo 8, the first lunar orbit mission in December 1968. He has logged more than 6,000 hours flying time.

Astronaut Peggy Whitson at NASM

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-02

NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is interviewed by Marty Kelsey, Friday, March 2, 2018 at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Whitson spent 288 days onboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 50, 51, and 52, conducting four spacewalks and contributing to hundreds of experiments in biology, biotechnology, physical science and Earth science during her stay. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Astronaut Peggy Whitson at NASM

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-02

NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson is seen during an interview, Friday, March 2, 2018 at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Whitson spent 288 days onboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 50, 51, and 52, conducting four spacewalks and contributing to hundreds of experiments in biology, biotechnology, physical science and Earth science during her stay. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

NASA Day at the Capitol

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-02-19

Astronaut Rex Walheim (center) speaks to members of the Mississippi House of Representatives in chambers during NASA Day at the Capitol in Jackson on Feb. 19. Walheim was joined at the podium by members of the Mississippi House of Representatives Gulf Coast delegation, as well as Stennis Space Center Director Gene Goldman (astronaut's immediate right) and NASA's Shared Services Center Director Rick Arbuthnot and Partners for Stennis Executive Director Tish Williams (astronaut's immediate left).

NASA Day at the Capitol

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

Astronaut Rex Walheim (center) speaks to members of the Mississippi House of Representatives in chambers during NASA Day at the Capitol in Jackson on Feb. 19. Walheim was joined at the podium by members of the Mississippi House of Representatives Gulf Coast delegation, as well as Stennis Space Center Director Gene Goldman (astronaut's immediate right) and NASA's Shared Services Center Director Rick Arbuthnot and Partners for Stennis Executive Director Tish Williams (astronaut's immediate left).

Astronaut David Wolf participates in training for contingency EVA in WETF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut David A. Wolf participates in training for contingency extravehicular activity (EVA) for the STS-58 mission. The mission specialist was about to be submerged to a point of neutral buoyancy in the JSC Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). In this view, Wolf is aided by technicians in donning the gloves for his extravehicular mobility unit (EMU).

The Digital Astronaut Project Bone Remodeling Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pennline, James A.; Mulugeta, Lealem; Lewandowski, Beth E.; Thompson, William K.; Sibonga, Jean D.

2014-01-01

Under the conditions of microgravity, astronauts lose bone mass at a rate of 1% to 2% a month, particularly in the lower extremities such as the proximal femur: (1) The most commonly used countermeasure against bone loss has been prescribed exercise, (2) However, current exercise countermeasures do not completely eliminate bone loss in long duration, 4 to 6 months, spaceflight, (3,4) leaving the astronaut susceptible to early onset osteoporosis and a greater risk of fracture later in their lives. The introduction of the Advanced Resistive Exercise Device, coupled with improved nutrition, has further minimized the 4 to 6 month bone loss. But further work is needed to implement optimal exercise prescriptions, and (5) In this light, NASA's Digital Astronaut Project (DAP) is working with NASA physiologists to implement well-validated computational models that can help understand the mechanisms of bone demineralization in microgravity, and enhance exercise countermeasure development.

Astronaut John Young Remembrance, Wreath Laying Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-11

NASA is remembering the accomplishments and legacy of astronaut John Young, who died Jan. 5 at the age of 87. The U.S. Navy fighter pilot joined the space program in 1962 and went on to fly six missions spanning three generations of NASA spacecraft. NASA, the Astronaut Memorial Foundation and the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex hosted a wreath laying ceremony at the Heroes and Legends exhibit at Kennedy’s Visitor Complex Jan. 11 in honor of Young. Young flew aboard Gemini 3 in 1965 and commanded Gemini 10 the following year. In May 1969, he served as command module pilot on Apollo 10 and returned to the Moon as commander of Apollo 16. In April 1981, he commanded the ultimate test flight: STS-1, the first flight of the space shuttle. He was joined aboard shuttle Columbia by pilot Bob Crippen. Young flew his final mission, STS-9, in 1983, but he continued to work in NASA’s astronaut office until his retirement in 2004. Kennedy’s Firing Room 1 was named the Young-Crippen Firing Room in April 2006, the 25th anniversary of Columbia’s maiden voyage.

Astronaut Bruce McCandless during an underwater test MMU/FSS in bldg 29 WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-08-04

Astronaut Bruce McCandless during an underwater test of the Manned Maneuvering Unit (MMU) Flight Support Station (FSS) donning and doffing in the Bldg 29 Weightless Environment Training Facility (WETF). View is of McCandless wearing the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU), stepping into the MMU.

2018 NASA Day of Remembrance

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

Inside the Center for Space Education at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA for the Day of Remembrance ceremony, honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space. Following the ceremony, guests walk to the Space Mirror Memorial. The names of fallen astronauts from Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia, as well as the astronauts who perished in training and commercial airplane accidents are emblazoned on the monument. Each year spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

Astronaut Marsha Ivins with thermal imaging project on flight deck

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-03-05

STS062-04-005 (4-18 March 1994) --- Astronaut Marsha S. Ivins has her hands full with a thermal imaging project on the flight deck of the Space Shuttle Columbia as astronaut Pierre J. Thuot stands by to help. The two mission specialists were joined by three other veteran NASA astronauts for almost 14 full days in Earth-orbit.

Astronaut Susan Helms uses laser instrument during SPARTAN 201 operations

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-16

STS064-33-003 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- Astronaut Susan J. Helms, STS-64 mission specialist, uses a laser instrument during operations with the Shuttle Pointed Autonomous Research Tool for Astronomy 201 (SPARTAN 201). Helms, who spent many mission hours at the controls of the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), joined five other NASA astronauts for almost 11 days in Earth orbit aboard the space shuttle Discovery. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Rock Creek Park

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-04

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer answers a question from the audience, Saturday, Nov. 4, 2017 at the Rock Creek Park Nature Center and Planetarium in Washington, DC. During his 136 day mission aboard the ISS, Fischer conducted two spacewalks and hundreds of scientific experiments. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

ASTRONAUT GROUP - PORTRAIT - SUITED

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-11-01

S62-08774 (July 1960) --- These seven men, wearing spacesuits in this portrait, composed the first group of astronauts announced by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). They were selected in April of 1959 for the Mercury Program. Front row, left to right, are Walter M. Schirra Jr., Donald K. Slayton, John H. Glenn Jr., and M. Scott Carpenter. Back row, left to right, are Alan B. Shepard Jr., Virgil I. Grissom and L. Gordon Cooper Jr. Photo credit: NASA

ISS NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-20

A NASA Social participant asks a question to the astronauts onboard the International Space Station in a live downlink from the ISS at a NASA Social exploring science on the ISS at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, Feb. 20, 2013 in Washington. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Universal values of Canadian astronauts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brcic, Jelena; Della-Rossa, Irina

2012-11-01

Values are desirable, trans-situational goals, varying in importance, that guide behavior. Research has demonstrated that universal values may alter in importance as a result of major life events. The present study examines the effect of spaceflight and the demands of astronauts' job position as life circumstances that affect value priorities. We employed thematic content analysis for references to Schwartz's well-established value markers in narratives (media interviews, journals, and pre-flight interviews) of seven Canadian astronauts and compared the results to the values of National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) and Russian Space Agency (RKA) astronauts. Space flight did alter the level of importance of Canadian astronauts' values. We found a U-shaped pattern for the values of Achievement and Tradition before, during, and after flight, and a linear decrease in the value of Stimulation. The most frequently mentioned values were Achievement, Universalism, Security, and Self-Direction. Achievement and Self Direction are also within the top 4 values of all other astronauts; however, Universalism was significantly higher among the Canadian astronauts. Within the value hierarchy of Canadian astronauts, Security was the third most frequently mentioned value, while it is in seventh place for all other astronauts. Interestingly, the most often mentioned value marker (sub-category) in this category was Patriotism. The findings have important implications in understanding multi-national crew relations during training, flight, and reintegration into society.

ASTRONAUT CONRAD, CHARLES - SKYLAB-II - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-05-09

S73-25283 (8 May 1973) --- Astronaut Paul J. Weitz, prime crew pilot of the first manned Skylab mission, is suited up in Bldg. 5 at Johnson Space Center during prelaunch training activity. He is assisted by astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., prime crew commander. The man in the left background is wearing a face mask to insure that Conrad, Joseph Kerwin and Weitz are not exposed to disease prior to launch. Photo credit: NASA

Astronauts Greg Harbaugh and Joe Tanner suit up for training in WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-06-11

S96-12830 (10 June 1996) --- Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, STS-82 mission specialist assigned to extravehicular activity (EVA) involved with the servicing of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), dons the gloves for his extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) space suit. He is about to be submerged in a 25-ft. deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's weightless environment training facility (WET-F) to participate in simulations for some of the EVA work. Out of frame, astronaut Gregory J. Harbaugh was on the other side of the platform, waiting to join Tanner in the spacewalk rehearsal.

BOY SCOUTS - SPACE TASK GROUP - ASTRONAUT SHEPARD

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-06-19

S61-02455 (19 June 1961) --- Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. met and talked with Boy Scouts from Franklin, Virginia on June 19, 1961. They are photographed in front of the NASA Space Task Group building at Langley Space Flight Center. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

2016 U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame Induction

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-04-14

The U.S. Astronaut Hall of Fame welcomed astronaut inductees Brian Duffy and Scott Parazynski to its ranks during a May 14 ceremony at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, in Florida. Parazynski, who retired from NASA in 2009, flew on five spaceflights and performed seven spacewalks during his career. Duffy, retired from the Air Force and NASA in 2001. He logged more than forty total days in space during his four spaceflights. The pair join an elite group of well-known space explorers, including Alan Shepard, John Glenn, John Young, Neil Armstrong and Sally Ride.

Astronaut Robert Crippen simulates preparation of Skylab meal

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-06-15

S72-41855 (15 June 1972) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, Skylab Medical Experiment Altitude Test (SMEAT) commander, simulates the preparation of a Skylab meal. Crippen is a member of a three-man crew who will spend up to 56 days in the Crew Systems Division's 20-foot altitude chamber at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) beginning in mid-July to obtain medical data and evaluate medical experiment equipment for Skylab. The two crew members not shown in this view are astronauts Karol J. Bobko, SMEAT pilot, and Dr. William E. Thornton, SMEAT science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Kevin Chilton takes a break during bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-22

S93-50720 (22 Dec 1993) --- Astronaut Kevin P. Chilton, pilot, takes a break during emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Chilton and five other NASA astronauts are scheduled to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour next year.

Astronaut Peggy Whitson at NASM

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-02

NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson tapes a segment for STEM in 30 with Marty Kelsey, left, and Beth Wilson, Friday, March 2, 2018 at the Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. Whitson spent 288 days onboard the International Space Station as a member of Expedition 50, 51, and 52, conducting four spacewalks and contributing to hundreds of experiments in biology, biotechnology, physical science and Earth science during her stay. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Astronaut Scott Carpenter - Practices - Air Lubricated Free Attitude (ALFA) Trainer - Langley AFB, VA

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-01-01

S62-01145 (1961) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter practices manual control of a spacecraft in the Air Lubricated Free Attitude (ALFA) trainer located at NASA?s Langley Air Force Base, Virginia. This trainer allows the astronaut to see the image of Earth?s surface at his feet while manually controlling the spacecraft. Carpenter has been selected as the prime pilot of the United States? second orbital flight. Photo credit: NASA

PRELAUNCH ACTIVITY (GT-6) - ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - MISC.

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-15

S65-61806 (15 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 prime crew pilot, is seen through spacecraft window as he awaits the remaining minutes of the Gemini-6 prelaunch countdown. A two-day mission in space was scheduled for astronauts Stafford and Walter M. Schirra Jr. (out of frame), command pilot. NASA successfully launched Gemini-6 from Pad 19 at 8:37 a.m. (EST) on Dec. 15, 1965. An attempt will be made to rendezvous Gemini-6 with Gemini-7. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Thomas Jones during emergency bailout training in WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-06-02

S93-43108 (2 June 1993) --- Astronaut Thomas D. Jones, mission specialist, takes a break during emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Jones and five other NASA astronauts are scheduled to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour next year.

Astronaut John Glenn leaving crew quarters prior to launch

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-02-20

S62-00330 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. (left), Dr. William Douglas, astronauts flight surgeon, and equipment specialist Joe Schmitt leave crew quarters prior to Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) mission. Glenn is in his pressure suit and is carrying the portable ventilation unit. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jan Davis monitors Commercial Protein Crystal Growth experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-02-03

STS060-21-031 (3-11 Feb 1994) --- Using a lap top computer, astronaut N. Jan Davis monitors systems for the Commercial Protein Crystal Growth (CPCG) experiment onboard the Space Shuttle Discovery. Davis joined four other NASA astronauts and a Russian cosmonaut for eight days in space aboard Discovery.

Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts.

PubMed

Cucinotta, F A; Manuel, F K; Jones, J; Iszard, G; Murrey, J; Djojonegro, B; Wear, M

2001-11-01

For over 30 years, astronauts in Earth orbit or on missions to the moon have been exposed to space radiation comprised of high-energy protons and heavy ions and secondary particles produced in collisions with spacecraft and tissue. Large uncertainties exist in the projection of risks of late effects from space radiation such as cancer and cataracts due to the paucity [corrected] of epidemiological data. Here we present epidemiological [corrected] data linking an increased risk of cataracts for astronauts with higher lens doses (>8 mSv) of space radiation relative to other astronauts with lower lens doses (<8 mSv). Our study uses historical data for cataract incidence in the 295 astronauts participating in NASA's Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH) and individual occupational radiation exposure data. These results, while preliminary because of the use of subjective scoring methods, suggest that relatively low doses of space radiation may predispose crew to [corrected] an increased incidence and early appearance of cataracts.

Space radiation and cataracts in astronauts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cucinotta, F. A.; Manuel, F. K.; Jones, J.; Iszard, G.; Murrey, J.; Djojonegro, B.; Wear, M.

2001-01-01

For over 30 years, astronauts in Earth orbit or on missions to the moon have been exposed to space radiation comprised of high-energy protons and heavy ions and secondary particles produced in collisions with spacecraft and tissue. Large uncertainties exist in the projection of risks of late effects from space radiation such as cancer and cataracts due to the paucity [corrected] of epidemiological data. Here we present epidemiological [corrected] data linking an increased risk of cataracts for astronauts with higher lens doses (>8 mSv) of space radiation relative to other astronauts with lower lens doses (<8 mSv). Our study uses historical data for cataract incidence in the 295 astronauts participating in NASA's Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health (LSAH) and individual occupational radiation exposure data. These results, while preliminary because of the use of subjective scoring methods, suggest that relatively low doses of space radiation may predispose crew to [corrected] an increased incidence and early appearance of cataracts.

Astronauts Evans and Cernan aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-12-17

AS17-162-24053 (7-19 Dec. 1972) --- Scientist-astronaut Harrison H. "Jack" Schmitt, lunar module pilot, took this photograph of his two fellow crew men under zero-gravity conditions aboard the Apollo 17 spacecraft during the final lunar landing mission in NASA's Apollo program. That is astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, commander, who is seemingly "right side up." Astronaut Ronald E. Evans, command module pilot, appears to be "upside down." While astronauts Cernan and Schmitt descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Challenger" to explore the Taurus-Littrow region of the moon, astronaut Evans remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) "America" in lunar orbit.

An Astronaut Assistant Rover for Martian Surface Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-01-01

Lunar exploration, recent field tests, and even on-orbit operations suggest the need for a robotic assistant for an astronaut during extravehicular activity (EVA) tasks. The focus of this paper is the design of a 300-kg, 2 cubic meter, semi-autonomous robotic rover to assist astronauts during Mars surface exploration. General uses of this rover include remote teleoperated control, local EVA astronaut control, and autonomous control. Rover size, speed, sample capacity, scientific payload and dexterous fidelity were based on known Martian environmental parameters,- established National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) standards, the NASA Mars Exploration Reference Mission, and lessons learned from lunar and on-orbit sorties. An assumed protocol of a geological, two astronaut EVA performed during daylight hours with a maximum duration of tour hour dictated the following design requirements: (1) autonomously follow the EVA team over astronaut traversable Martian terrain for four hours; (2) retrieve, catalog, and carry 12 kg of samples; (3) carry tools and minimal in-field scientific equipment; (4) provide contingency life support; (5) compile and store a detailed map of surrounding terrain and estimate current position with respect to base camp; (6) provide supplemental communications systems; and (7) carry and support the use of a 7 degree - of- freedom dexterous manipulator.

The Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health Newsletter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Lesley

2011-01-01

The June 2010 LSAH newsletter introduced the change from the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health research study to the new Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health program (An Overview of the New Occupational Surveillance Program for the Astronaut Corps). Instead of performing research-focused retrospective analyses of astronaut medical data compared to a JSC civil servant control population, the new program is focused on prevention of disease and prospective identification and mitigation of health risks in each astronaut due to individual exposure history and the unique occupational exposures experienced by the astronaut corps. The new LSAH program has 5 primary goals: (1) Provide a comprehensive medical exam for each LSAH participant; (2) Conduct occupational surveillance; (3) Improve communication, data accessibility, integrity and storage; (4) Support operational and healthcare analyses; and (5) Support NASA research objectives. This article will focus primarily on the first goal, the comprehensive medical exam. Future newsletters will outline in detail the plans and processes for addressing the remaining program goals.

Astronaut John Glenn - Crew Quarters - Prelaunch - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00377 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., walking out of building with Dr. William K. Douglas (to Glenn's left), and Joe W. Schmitt, NASA's suit technician (in front of Dr. Douglas). This Mercury Atlas 6 (MA-6) ?Friendship 7? flight marks America's first manned Earth-orbiting spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

Expedition 54 Postflight Presentation at NASA Headquarters

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-06-15

NASA astronaut Mark Vande Hei speaks about his time onboard the International Space Station, Friday, June 15, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Vande Hei and astronaut Joe Acaba answered questions from the audience and spoke about their experiences aboard the International Space Station for 168 days as part of Expedition 53 and 54. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

ASTRONAUT JAMES A. LOVELL, JR. - MISC. - GT-7 RECOVERY

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-18

S65-61828 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr., pilot of the Gemini-7 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the Aircraft Carrier USS Wasp. Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot, waits in the raft to be hoisted aboard the helicopter. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Sidney Gutierrez suspended by parachute during bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-22

S93-50718 (22 Dec 1993) --- Astronaut Sidney M. Gutierrez, commander, is suspended by his parachute gear during emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Gutierrez and five other NASA astronauts are scheduled to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour next year.

14 CFR 1214.1106 - Selection of astronaut candidates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Selection of astronaut candidates. 1214.1106 Section 1214.1106 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SPACE FLIGHT NASA... be approved, as required, by JSC/ NASA management and the Associate Administrator for Space Flight...

Astronaut Judith Resnik participates in WETF training

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-05-14

S84-33898 (21 May 1984) --- Astronaut Jon A. McBride, 41-G pilot, assists his crewmate, Astronaut Kathryn D. Sullivan with the glove portion of her extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) prior to Dr. Sullivan's underwater session in the Johnson Space Center's weightless environment training facility (WET-F). Mission specialists Sullivan and David C. Leestma are scheduled for extravehicular activity (EVA) on the Columbia for NASA's 17th scheduled flight.

Kononenko, Padalka and Pettit in the US Lab

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-17

ISS031-E-081644 (17 May 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (left), Expedition 31 commander, conducts a crew safety briefing in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station shortly after Russian cosmonauts Gennady Padalka (center) and Sergei Revin (out of frame); along with NASA astronaut Joe Acaba (not pictured) docked with the space station in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft. NASA astronaut Don Pettit, flight engineer, is at right.

Astronaut Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper During STS-115 Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2005-01-01

Wearing a training version of the shuttle launch and entry suit, STS-115 astronaut and mission specialist, Heidemarie M. Stefanyshyn-Piper, puts the final touches on her suit donning process prior to the start of a water survival training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near Johnson Space Center. Launched on September 9, 2006, the STS-115 mission continued assembly of the International Space Station (ISS) with the installation of the truss segments P3 and P4.

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Rock Creek Park

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-04

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer speaks about his time aboard the International Space Station as part of Expeditions 51 and 52, Saturday, Nov. 4, 2017 at the Rock Creek Park Nature Center and Planetarium in Washington, DC. During his 136 day mission aboard the ISS, Fischer conducted two spacewalks and hundreds of scientific experiments. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

ASTRONAUT EUGENE A. CERNAN - MISC. - ELLINGTON AFB (EAFB), TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-06-10

S66-32677 (10 June 1966) --- The Gemini-9A prime crew, astronaut Thomas P. Stafford (left), command pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan (right), pilot, express their feelings about being home to their families, MSC officials, newsmen, and well-wishers gathered at Ellington Air Force Base to welcome the astronauts home. Astronaut Stafford and Cernan completed their three-day mission in space on June 6, 1966. At right is George M. Low, MSC Deputy Director. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jack Lousma - Inflight Medical Support System (IMSS) - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-01-01

S73-28423 (16 June 1973) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, reaches into a medical kit, part of the Inflight Medical Support System (IMSS), during training for the second manned Skylab Earth-orbital mission. This activity took place in the OWS trainer in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Other Skylab 3 crewmen are astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander, and scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman aboard KC-135 aircraft

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-05-28

S94-35542 (June 1994) --- Astronaut Catherine G. Coleman, mission specialist, gets a preview of next year?s United States Microgravity Laboratory (USML-2) mission aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia. The weightless experience was afforded by a special parabolic pattern flown by NASA?s KC-135 ?zero gravity? aircraft.

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1972. [a chronology of events

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Important events of the U. S. space program during 1972 are recorded in a chronology which encompasses all NASA, NASA related, and international cooperative efforts in aeronautics and astronautics. Personnel and budget concerns are documented, along with the major developments in aircraft research, manned space flight, and interplanetary exploration.

Astronaut Alan Bean holds Special Environmental Sample Container

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-11-20

AS12-49-7278 (19-20 Nov. 1969) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean holds a Special Environmental Sample Container filled with lunar soil collected during the extravehicular activity (EVA) in which astronauts Charles Conrad Jr., commander, and Bean, lunar module pilot, participated. Conrad, who took this picture, is reflected in Bean's helmet visor. Conrad and Bean descended in the Apollo 12 Lunar Module (LM) to explore the lunar surface while astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit. Photo credit: NASA

Canadian astronaut Marc Garneau during emergency bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-10-07

S93-45723 (7 October 1993) --- Canadian astronaut candidate Marc Garneau, later named as a mission specialist for NASA's STS-77 mission-representing the Canadian Space Agency (CSA), participates in emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Garneau was in the 1992 class of Astronaut Candidates (ASCAN). Wearing full parachute gear, Garneau is suspended above a 25-feet deep pool in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). This portion of an astronaut's training is to prepare them for proper measures to take in the event of bailout over water.

Astronaut Kevin Kregel during training session at WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-02-16

S95-03465 (16 Feb 1995) --- Attired in a training version of the Shuttle launch and entry garment, astronaut Kevin R. Kregel gets help with the final touches of suit donning during a training session at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Assigned as pilot for the STS-70 mission, Kregel was about to rehearse emergency bailout. The crew members made use of a nearby 25-feet deep pool to practice parachute landings in water and subsequent deployment of life rafts.

Astronaut Gene Cernan poses in front of Gemini Mission Simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-08-09

S66-32698 (17 June 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan discusses his Gemini-9A extravehicular activity before a gathering of news media representatives in the MSC auditorium. In the background is an Astronaut Maneuvering Unit (AMU) mock-up mounted in a mock-up of a Gemini spacecraft adapter equipment section. Astronauts Cernan and Thomas P. Stafford completed their three-day mission in space on June 6, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-6 - ASTRONAUT GLENN - LT. O'HARA, DELORES (DEE)

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-03-09

S62-00469 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) Earth-orbital space mission, confers with astronaut nurse Dolores B. O'Hara, R.N., during MA-6 prelaunch preparations. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Scott Carpenter practices in the ALFA trainer at Langley

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1962-01-01

Project Mercury Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter practices in the Air Lubricated Free Attitude (ALFA) trainer located at NASA's Manned Spacecraft Center at Langley AFB, Virginia. This trainer allows the astronaut to see the image of the earth's surface at his feet while manually controlling the spacecraft.

Astronauts Gemar and Allen work with lower body negative pressure experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-03-05

STS062-01-032 (4-14 March 1994) --- Astronaut Charles D. (Sam) Gemar, mission specialist, talks to ground controllers while assisting astronaut Andrew M. Allen with a "soak" in the Lower Body Negative Pressure (LBNP) apparatus on Columbia's middeck. The pair was joined by three other veteran NASA astronauts for 14-days of scientific research aboard the Space Shuttle Columbia in earth orbit.

CCP Astronaut Eric Boe, GOES-S Prepared for Launch

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-28

NASA astronaut Eric Boe, one of four astronauts working with the agency’s Commercial Crew Program, had the opportunity to check out the Crew Access Tower at Space Launch Complex 41 (SLC-41) Wednesday with a United Launch Alliance Atlas V on the pad. Boe, along with launch operations engineers from NASA, Boeing, and ULA, climbed the launch pad tower to evaluate lighting and spotlights after dark. The survey helped ensure crew members will have acceptable visibility as they prepare to launch aboard Boeing’s Starliner spacecraft on the Crew Flight Test to the International Space Station targeted for later this year.

MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - LAUNCH - CAPSULE - ASTRONAUT COOPER - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-15

S63-07602 (15 May 1963) --- This is the launch of Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9) on May 15, 1963, at 8:04 a.m. (EST) carrying astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr., pilot. Astronaut Cooper made 22 orbits in 34 hours and 19 minutes, in a spacecraft designated the ?Faith 7." Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut - Shepard - MR-3

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-01-01

S61-02785 (5 May 1961) --- Astronaut Alan B. Shepard Jr. in his pressure suit is seated in a reclining chair while a technician checks communications equipment in his helmet. He is in the suiting trailer before the Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) flight, the first American manned spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Psychological Selection of NASA Astronauts for International Space Station Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Galarza, Laura

1999-01-01

During the upcoming manned International Space Station (ISS) missions, astronauts will encounter the unique conditions of living and working with a multicultural crew in a confined and isolated space environment. The environmental, social, and mission-related challenges of these missions will require crewmembers to emphasize effective teamwork, leadership, group living and self-management to maintain the morale and productivity of the crew. The need for crew members to possess and display skills and behaviors needed for successful adaptability to ISS missions led us to upgrade the tools and procedures we use for astronaut selection. The upgraded tools include personality and biographical data measures. Content and construct-related validation techniques were used to link upgraded selection tools to critical skills needed for ISS missions. The results of these validation efforts showed that various personality and biographical data variables are related to expert and interview ratings of critical ISS skills. Upgraded and planned selection tools better address the critical skills, demands, and working conditions of ISS missions and facilitate the selection of astronauts who will more easily cope and adapt to ISS flights.

Getting to the Heart of Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Astronauts for Exploration Class Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elgart, S. R.; Shavers, M. R.; Chappell, L.; Milder, C. M.; Huff, J. L.; Semones, E. J.; Simonsen, L. C.; Patel, Z. S.

2017-01-01

Since the beginning of manned spaceflight, NASA has recognized the potential risk of cardiovascular decrements due to stressors in the space environment. Of particular concern is the effect of space radiation on cardiovascular disease since astronauts will be exposed to higher levels of galactic cosmic rays outside the Earth's protective magnetosphere. To date, only a few studies have examined the effects of heavy ion radiation on cardiovascular disease, and at lower, space-relevant doses, the association between radiation exposure and cardiovascular pathology is more varied and unclear. Furthermore, other spaceflight conditions such as microgravity, circadian shifts, and confinement stress pose unique challenges in estimating the health risks that can be attributed to exposure to ionizing radiations. In this work, we review age, cause of mortality, and radiation exposure amongst early NASA astronauts in selection groups and discuss the limitations of assessing such a cohort when attempting to characterize the risk of space flight, including stressors such as space radiation and microgravity exposure, on cardiovascular health. METHODS: NASA astronauts in selection groups 1-7 were chosen and the comparison population was white men of the same birth cohort as drawn from data from the CDC Wonder Database and CDC National Center for Health Statistics Life Tables. Cause of death information was obtained from the Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health program and deceased astronauts were classified based on ICD-10 codes: ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, cancer, acute occupational events, non-NASA accidents, and other/unknown. Expected years of life left and expected age at death were calculated for the cohort. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: There were 32 deaths in this early astronaut population, 12 of which were due to accidents or acute occupational events that impacted lifespan considerably. The average age at death from these causes is 30 years lower than the

Astronauts Carr and Pogue demonstrate weight training in zero-gravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-02-01

SL4-150-5080 (16 Nov. 1973-8 Feb. 1974) --- Two of the three Skylab 4 (third manning) astronauts exhibit the "magic" that can be accomplished in the weightlessness of space. Astronaut Gerald D. Carr, mission commander, uses his index finger to suspend astronaut William R. Pogue, pilot, in the Orbital Workshop (OWS). The two "wizards" completed almost three months aboard the Earth-orbiting Skylab space station, plenty of time to grow these full beards. The photograph was taken with a 35mm camera by astronaut Edward G. Gibson, science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

NASA astronaut Joe Acaba answers questions at a NASA Social at NASA Headquarters on Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 in Washington. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA's Astronant Family Support Office

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beven, Gary; Curtis, Kelly D.; Holland, Al W.; Sipes, Walter; VanderArk, Steve

2014-01-01

During the NASA-Mir program of the 1990s and due to the challenges inherent in the International Space Station training schedule and operations tempo, it was clear that a special focus on supporting families was a key to overall mission success for the ISS crewmembers pre-, in- and post-flight. To that end, in January 2001 the first Family Services Coordinator was hired by the Behavioral Health and Performance group at NASA JSC and matrixed from Medical Operations into the Astronaut Office's organization. The initial roles and responsibilities were driven by critical needs, including facilitating family communication during training deployments, providing mission-specific and other relevant trainings for spouses, serving as liaison for families with NASA organizations such as Medical Operations, NASA management and the Astronaut Office, and providing assistance to ensure success of an Astronaut Spouses Group. The role of the Family Support Office (FSO) has modified as the ISS Program matured and the needs of families changed. The FSO is currently an integral part of the Astronaut Office's ISS Operations Branch. It still serves the critical function of providing information to families, as well as being the primary contact for US and international partner families with resources at JSC. Since crews launch and return on Russian vehicles, the FSO has the added responsibility for coordinating with Flight Crew Operations, the families, and their guests for Soyuz launches, landings, and Direct Return to Houston post-flight. This presentation will provide a summary of the family support services provided for astronauts, and how they have changed with the Program and families the FSO serves. Considerations for future FSO services will be discussed briefly as NASA proposes one year missions and beyond ISS missions. Learning Objective: 1) Obtain an understanding of the reasons a Family Support Office was important for NASA. 2) Become familiar with the services provided for

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

Leland Melvin, right, Education Design Team Co-Chair and NASA Astronaut, speaks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

GT-7 RECOVERY - BORMAN, FRANK - ASTRONAUT - MISC.

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-18

S66-15463 (18 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, command pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's 14-day Gemini-7 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the aircraft carrier USS Wasp. Gemini-7 splashed down in the western Atlantic recovery area at 9:05 a.m. (EST), Dec. 18, 1965, to conclude the record-breaking mission in space. Astronaut James A. Lovell Jr. is the Gemini-7 pilot. Photo credit: NASA

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-12

JSC2010-E-008557 (12 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a Thermal Protection System (TPS) Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-12

JSC2010-E-008556 (12 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a Thermal Protection System (TPS) Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-12

JSC2010-E-008553 (12 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a Thermal Protection System (TPS) Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS) training session in the Jake Garn Simulation and Training Facility at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

Astronaut John Glenn tests balance mechanism performance

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-01

S64-14849 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr.'s balance mechanism (semi-circular-canals) is tested by running cool water into his ear and measuring effect on eye motions (nystagmus). Photo credit: NASA

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

NASA astronaut Joe Acaba speaks at a behind-the-scenes NASA Social at NASA Headquarters on Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 in Washington. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

NASA astronaut Joe Acaba answers questions at a behind-the-scenes NASA Social at NASA Headquarters on Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 in Washington. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, center, greets participants at a behind-the-scenes NASA Social in Washington, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 at NASA Headquarters. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Cancer Risk in Astronauts: A Constellation of Uncommon Consequences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Milder, Caitlin M.; Elgart, S. Robin; Chappell, Lori; Charvat, Jaqueline M.; Van Baalen, Mary; Huff, Janice L.; Semones, Edward J.

2017-01-01

Excess cancers resulting from external radiation exposures have been noted since the early 1950s, when a rise in leukemia rates was first reported in young atomic bomb survivors [1]. Further studies in atomic bomb survivors, cancer patients treated with radiotherapy, and nuclear power plant workers have confirmed that radiation exposure increases the risk of not only leukemia, but also a wide array of solid cancers [2,3]. NASA has long been aware of this risk and limits astronauts' risk of exposure-induced death (REID) from cancer by specifying permissible mission durations (PMD) for astronauts on an individual basis. While cancer is present among astronauts, current data does not suggest any excess of known radiation-induced cancers relative to a comparable population of U.S. adults; however, very uncommon cancers have been diagnosed in astronauts including nasopharyngeal cancer, lymphoma of the brain, and acral myxoinflammatory fibroblastic sarcoma. In order to study cancer risk in astronauts, a number of obstacles must be overcome. Firstly, several factors make the astronaut cohort considerably different from the cohorts that have previously been studied for effects resulting from radiation exposure. The high rate of accidents and the much healthier lifestyle of astronauts compared to the U.S. population make finding a suitable comparison population a problematic task. Space radiation differs substantially from terrestrial radiation exposures studied in the past; therefore, analyses of galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) in animal models must be conducted and correctly applied to the human experience. Secondly, a large enough population of exposed astronauts must exist in order to obtain the data necessary to see any potential statistically significant differences between the astronauts and the control population. Thirdly, confounders and effect modifiers, such as smoking, diet, and other space stressors, must be correctly identified and controlled for in those

Astronaut James Newman works with computers and GPS

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-20

STS051-16-028 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- On Discovery's middeck, astronaut James H. Newman, mission specialist, works with an array of computers, including one devoted to Global Positioning System (GPS) operations, a general portable onboard computer displaying a tracking map, a portable audio data modem and another payload and general support computer. Newman was joined by four other NASA astronauts for almost ten full days in space.

ASTRONAUT GLENN, JOHN - MERCURY SPACE SUIT

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00965 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., finishes suiting up, and prepares for the launch of his Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) spacecraft. The MA-6 ?Friendship 7? mission marks America's first manned Earth-orbiting spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Robert Crippen holds training model of Skylab experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-06-15

S72-43280 (15 June 1972) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, Skylab Medical Experiment Altitude Test (SMEAT) commander, holds the training model of Skylab experiment T003, the aerosol analysis test, in this preview of SMEAT activity. He is part of a three-man SMEAT crew who will spend up to 56 days in the Crew Systems Division's 20-foot altitude chamber at the NASA Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) beginning in mid-July to obtain medical data and evaluate medical experiment equipment for Skylab. The two crew members not shown in this view are astronauts Karol J. Bobko, SMEAT pilot, and Dr. William E. Thornton, SMEAT science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John Grunsfeld uses camera to record ASTRO-2 payload

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-03-17

STS067-377-008 (2-18 March 1995) --- Astronaut John M. Grunsfeld, mission specialist, uses a handheld Hasselblad camera to record the Astro-2 payload. Orbiting Earth at 190 nautical miles, Grunsfeld joined four other NASA astronauts and two scientists for almost 17 days conducting research in support of the Astro-2 mission.

Astronaut William Readdy on flight deck wearing sun glasses

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-15

STS051-16-012 (12-22 Sept 1993) --- On Discovery's forward flight deck, astronaut William F. Readdy, pilot, wears shades to block out bright sunshine. Much of the sunshine that normally would be coming through forward windows is blocked by an array of portable computers. Readdy was joined by four other NASA astronauts for almost ten full days in space.

Private Astronaut Training Prepares Commercial Crews of Tomorrow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2015-01-01

A new company that includes a handful of former NASA personnel is already taking applications for the first comprehensive commercial astronaut training approved by the Federal Aviation Administration. Waypoint 2 Space, located at Johnson Space Center, hopes to draw space tourists and enthusiasts and future commercial crewmembers with first-hand NASA know-how, as well as agency training technology.

EGRESS TRAINING - ASTRONAUTS SCHIRRA AND CARPENTER

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-01-01

S62-01358 (1962) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) spaceflight, goes through a water egress test. He is in the Mercury pressure suit, without the helmet, and is wearing a life vest. Photo credit: NASA

The NASA-Sponsored Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA). Relationship of Exposure to Radiation in Space and the Risk of Cataract Incidence and Progression. Report 1: Recruitment and Methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chylack, Leo T.; Peterson, Leif E.; Feiveson, Alan H.; Wear, Mary; Manuel, F. Keith

2007-01-01

The NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA) is a five-year, multi-centered, investigation of lens opacification in populations of U.S. astronauts, military pilots, and ground-based (nonaviator) comparison participants. For astronauts, the explanatory variable of most interest is radiation exposure during space flight, however to properly evaluate its effect, the secondary effects of age, nutrition, general health, solar ocular exposure, and other confounding variables encountered in non-space flight must also be considered. NASCA contains an initial baseline, cross-sectional objective assessment of the severity of cortical (C), nuclear (N), and posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens opacification, and annual follow-on assessments of severity and progression of these opacities in the population of astronauts and in participants sampled from populations of military pilots and ground-based exposure controls. From these data, NASCA will estimate the degree to which space radiation affects lens opacification for astronauts and how the overall risks of each cataract type for astronauts compared with those of the other exposure control groups after adjusting for differences in age and other explanatory variables.

ASTRONAUT GLENN - MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-6 FLIGHT - HANGAR "S" - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00379 (20 Feb. 1962) --- View of astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., Dr. William Douglas, astronauts' flight surgeon, and equipment specialist Joe Schmitt leaving Operations and Checkout Building prior to the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) mission. Glenn is in his pressure suit and is carrying the portable ventilation unit. Photo credit: NASA

Pettit holds MSG Glove in the Columbus Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-17

ISS030-E-049556 (17 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, holds a Microgravity Science Glovebox (MSG) glove in the Columbus laboratory of the International Space Station.

Don/doff support stand for use with rear entry space suits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosmo, Joseph J. (Inventor); Tri, Terry O. (Inventor); Spenny, William E. (Inventor); West, Philip R. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

A don/doff support stand for use with rear entry space suits is disclosed. The support stand is designed for use in one-g environments; however, certain features of the stand can be used on future spacecraft, lunar, or planetary bases. The present invention has a retainer which receives a protrucing lug fixed on the torso section of the space suit. When the lug is locked in the retainer, the space suit is held in a generally upright position. In a one-g environment a portable ladder is positioned adjacent to the rear entry of the space suit supported by the stand. The astronaut climbs up the ladder and grasps a hand bar assembly positioned above the rear entry. The astronaut then slips his legs through the open rear entry and down into the abdominal portion of the suite. The astronaut then lowers himself fully into the suit. The portable ladder is then removed and the astronaut can close the rear entry door. The lug is then disengaged from the retainer and the astronaut is free to engage in training exercises in the suit. When suit use is over, the astronaut returns to the stand and inserts the lug into the retainer. A technician repositions the ladder. The astronaut opens the rear entry door, grasps the hand bar assembly and does a chin-up to extricate himself from the suit. The astronaut climbs down the movable ladder while the suit is supported by the stand.

Don/Doff support stand for use with rear entry space suits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kosmo, Joseph J. (Inventor); Tri, Terry O. (Inventor); Spenny, William E. (Inventor); West, Philip R. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A don/doff support stand for use with rear entry space suits is disclosed. The support stand is designed for use in one-g environments; however, certain features of the stand can be used on future space-craft, lunar or planetary bases. The present invention has a retainer which receives a protruding lug fixed on the torso section of the space suit. When the lug is locked in the retainer, the space suit is held in a generally upright position. In a one-g environment a portable ladder is positioned adjacent to the rear entry of the space suit supported by the stand. The astronaut climbs up the ladder and grasps a hand bar assembly positioned above the rear entry. The astronaut then slips his legs through the open rear entry and down into the abdominal portion of the suit. The astronaut then lowers himself fully into the suit. The portable ladder is then removed and the astronaut can close the rear entry door. The lug is then disengaged from the retainer and the astronaut is free to engage in training exercises in the suit. When suit use is over, the astronaut returns to the stand and inserts the lug into the retainer. A technician repositions the ladder. The astronaut opens the rear entry door, grasps the hand bar assembly and does a chin-up to extricate himself from the suit. The astronaut climbs down the movable ladder while the suit is supported by the stand.

NASA Earth Day 2014

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-04-22

Students listen intently while Astronaut John Mace Grunsfeld speaks at NASA's Earth Day event. The event took place at Union Station in Washington, DC on April 22, 2014. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Astronaut Jerry Linenger with sheet of TIPS correspondence

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-09-15

STS064-23-025 (9-20 Sept. 1994) --- With scissors in hand, astronaut Jerry M. Linenger, STS-64 mission specialist, prepares to cut off a lengthy sheet of correspondence from ground controllers. Called the Thermal Imaging Printing System (TIPS), the message center occupies a stowage locker on the space shuttle Discovery's middeck. Astronaut L. Blaine Hammond, pilot, retrieves a clothing item from a nearby locker. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Kevin Chilton works with advanced cell reactor

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-14

STS059-35-023 (9-20 April 1994) --- Astronaut Kevin P. Chilton, pilot, works with an advanced cell bioreactor, which incorporated the first ever videomicroscope, Space Tissue Loss (STL-B), on the Space Shuttle Endeavour's middeck. This experiment studied cell growth during the STS-59 mission. Chilton was joined in space by five other NASA astronauts for a week and a half of support to the Space Radar Laboratory (SRL-1) mission and other tasks.

TDRS-M NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-17

Social media gather in Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium for a briefing focused on preparations to launch NASA's Tracking and Data Relay Satellite, TDRS-M. The latest spacecraft destined for the agency's constellation of communications satellites, TDRS-M will allow nearly continuous contact with orbiting spacecraft ranging from the International Space Station and Hubble Space Telescope to the array of scientific observatories. Liftoff atop a United Launch Alliance Atlas V rocket is scheduled to take place from Space Launch Complex 41 at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station at 8:03 a.m. EDT Aug. 18. NASA Social Media Team includes: Emily Furfaro and Amber Jacobson. Guest speakers include: Badri Younes, Deputy Associate Administrator for Space Communications and Navigation at NASA Headquarters in Washington; Dave Littmann, Project Manager for TDRS-M at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center; Neil Mallik, NASA Deputy Network Director for Human Spaceflight; Nicole Mann, NASA Astronaut; Steve Bowen, NASA Astronaut; Skip Owen, NASA Launch Services; Scott Messer, United Launch Alliance Program Manager for NASA Missions.

Hair cuttime on ISS

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-03-22

Caption: ISS043E044174 (03/22/2015) --- Its haircut time onboard the International Space Station as Expedition 43 Commander and NASA astronaut Terry Virts handles the scissors while ESA (European Space Agency) astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti holds the vacuum to immediately pull the fine hair strands into the safe container so they don't float away into the station. Hair trims are a regular occurrence during an astronaut's six month tour.

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

A participant at a NASA Social in Washington asks astronaut Joe Acaba a question, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012, at NASA Headquarters. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Canadian astronaut Marc Garneau during emergency bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-10-07

S93-45726 (7 Oct. 1993) --- Canadian astronaut candidate Marc Garneau, later named as a mission specialist for NASA's STS-77 mission, participates in emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center (JSC). Garneau was in the 1992 class of Astronaut Candidates (ASCAN). Wearing full parachute gear following a simulated parachute drop, Garneau has deployed a small life raft in a 25-feet deep pool in JSC's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). This portion of an astronaut's training is to prepare him or her for proper measures to take in the event of bailout over water. Garneau is assisted here by one of several SCUBA-equipped divers in the pool.

Astronaut Scott Carpenter - Medal Presentation - Dr. James Webb Post Mercury-Atlas (MA-7)

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-01-01

S62-04114 (1962) --- Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) mission, receives the NASA Distinguished Service Medal from NASA Adminstrator James E. Webb during ceremonies at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Mike Hopkins Visit to Maryland Science Center

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-06-09

NASA Astronaut Mike Hopkins explains what it was like to live on the International Space Station for 6 months to visitors at the Maryland Science Center in Baltimore, MD on Monday, June 9, 2014. Hopkins served on Expeditions 37 and 38 with Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazanskiy and returned home in March, 2014. (Photo Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

The NASA Clinic System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scarpa, Philip J.; Williams, Richard

2009-01-01

NASA maintains on site occupational health clinics at all Centers and major facilities NASA maintains an on-site clinic that offers comprehensive health care to astronauts at the Johnson Space Center NASA deploys limited health care capability to space and extreme environments Focus is always on preventive health care

Astronauts Gibson and Pogue at Apollo Telescope Mount display/control panel

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-09-10

S73-32837 (10 Sept. 1973) --- Scientist-astronaut Edward G. Gibson, seated, and astronaut William R. Pogue discuss a mission procedure at the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) display and control panel mock-up in the one-G trainer for the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA) at Johnson Space Center. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Eugene Cernan after suiting up for water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-09

S66-29485 (9 April 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, prime crew pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Gemini-9 spaceflight, stands on deck of the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever after suiting up for water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jack R. Lousma and family

NASA Image and Video Library

1971-12-01

S72-31432 (November 1972) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma poses for a family portrait with his wife, Gratia Kay, and their three children, left to right, Mary 4; Timothy, 9; and Matthew, 7. Lousma is the pilot for the Skylab 3 or second manned Skylab mission. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Edward Gibson sails through airlock module hatch

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-02-01

SL4-150-5074 (February 1974) --- Scientist-astronaut Edward G. Gibson, science pilot for the Skylab 4 mission, demonstrates the effects of zero-gravity as he sails through airlock module hatch. Photo credit: NASA

View of Astronaut Owen Garriott in sleep restraints

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-08

SL3-111-1505 (July-September 1973) --- View of scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, Skylab 3 science pilot, in his sleep restraints in the crew quarters of the Orbital Workshop (OWS). Photo credit: NASA

Mortality Due to Cardiovascular Disease Among Apollo Lunar Astronauts.

PubMed

Reynolds, Robert J; Day, Steven M

2017-05-01

Recent research has postulated increased cardiovascular mortality for astronauts who participated in the Apollo lunar missions. The conclusions, however, are based on small numbers of astronauts, are derived from methods with known weaknesses, and are not consistent with prior research. Records for NASA astronauts and U.S. Air Force astronauts were analyzed to produce standardized mortality ratios. Lunar astronauts were compared to astronauts who have never flown in space (nonflight astronauts), those who have only flown missions in low Earth orbit (LEO astronauts), and the U.S. general population. Lunar astronauts were significantly older at cohort entry than other astronaut group and lunar astronauts alive as of the end of 2015 were significantly older than nonflight astronauts and LEO astronauts. No significant differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates between astronaut groups was observed, though lunar astronauts were noted to be at significantly lower risk of death by CVD than are members of the U.S. general population (SMR = 13, 95% CI = 3-39). The differences in age structure between lunar and nonlunar astronauts and the deaths of LEO astronauts from external causes at young ages lead to confounding in proportional mortality studies of astronauts. When age and follow-up time are properly taken into account using cohort-based methods, no significant difference in CVD mortality rates is observed. Care should be taken to select the correct study design, outcome definition, exposure classification, and analysis when answering questions involving rare occupational exposures.Reynolds RJ, Day SM. Mortality due to cardiovascular disease among Apollo lunar astronauts. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2017; 88(5):492-496.

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-115 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner (left) and STS-117 Mission Specialist James Reilly (right) are donning protective clothing to interface with the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), in the background. Equipment familiarization is a routine part of astronaut training and launch preparations.

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-10-21

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - In the Space Station Processing Facility, STS-115 Mission Specialist Joseph Tanner (left) and STS-117 Mission Specialist James Reilly (right) are donning protective clothing to interface with the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM), in the background. Equipment familiarization is a routine part of astronaut training and launch preparations.

STS-134 water survival training at the NBL

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-02-23

JSC2010-E-025724 (23 Feb. 2010) --- NASA astronaut Greg Chamitoff, STS-134 mission specialist, gets helps with the donning of a training version of his shuttle launch and entry suit in preparation for a water survival training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near NASA's Johnson Space Center.

Astronaut Mike Hopkins Visit to Maryland Science Center

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-06-09

NASA Astronaut Mike Hopkins explains what it was like to live on the International Space Station for 6 months to seventh graders from Clear Spring Middle School at the Maryland Science Center in Baltimore, MD on Monday, June 9, 2014. Hopkins served on Expeditions 37 and 38 with Russian cosmonauts Oleg Kotov and Sergey Ryazanskiy and returned home in March, 2014. (Photo Credit: NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

WALK UP RAMP - ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - MISC.

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-06-03

S66-32149 (3 June 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (foreground), command pilot, and Eugene A. Cernan, pilot, walk up the ramp at Pad 19 during the Gemini-9A prelaunch countdown. Photo credit: NASA

SHEPARD, ALAN B., JR. ASTRONAUT - WASHINGTON, DC

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-06

S63-06268 (8 May 1963) --- Astronaut Alan B. Shepard, Jr., receives his NASA's Distinguished Service Medal from President John F. Kennedy, after his Mercury-Redstone 3 (MR-3) flight, in a Rose Garden ceremony on May 8, 1961 at the White House.

Astronaut Curtis Brown works with SAMS on Shuttle Atlantis middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-11-14

STS066-14-021 (3-14 Nov 1994) --- On the Space Shuttle Atlantis' mid-deck, astronaut Curtis L. Brown, Jr., pilot, works with the Space Acceleration Measurement System (SAMS), which is making its eleventh Shuttle flight. This system supports the Protein Crystal Growth (PCG) experiments onboard by collecting and recording data characterizing the microgravity environment in the Shuttle mid-deck. Brown joined four other NASA astronauts and a European Space Agency (ESA) astronaut for 11-days aboard Atlantis in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission.

Pettit exercises on the CEVIS

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-05

ISS030-E-063871 (5 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, exercises on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Pettit exercises on the CEVIS in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-15

ISS030-E-032768 (15 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, exercises on the Cycle Ergometer with Vibration Isolation System (CEVIS) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Pettit performs an in-flight maintenenace on the PWD in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-12

ISS030-E-074046 (12 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, performs in-flight maintenance on the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Pettit performs an in-flight maintenenace on the PWD in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-12

ISS030-E-074045 (12 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, performs in-flight maintenance on the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Pettit performs an in-flight maintenenace on the PWD in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-12

ISS030-E-074042 (12 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, performs in-flight maintenance on the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Pettit performs an in-flight maintenenace on the PWD in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-12

ISS030-E-074044 (12 Feb. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, performs in-flight maintenance on the Potable Water Dispenser (PWD) in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Recommended Methods for Monitoring Skeletal Health in Astronauts to Distinguish Specific Effects of Prolonged Spaceflight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vasadi, Lukas J.; Spector, Elizabeth R.; Smith, Scott A.; Yardley, Gregory L.; Evans, Harlan J.; Sibonga, Jean D.

2016-01-01

NASA uses areal bone mineral density (aBMD) by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to monitor skeletal health in astronauts after typical 180-day spaceflights. The osteoporosis field and NASA, however, recognize the insufficiency of DXA aBMD as a sole surrogate for fracture risk. This is an even greater concern for NASA as it attempts to expand fracture risk assessment in astronauts, given the complicated nature of spaceflight-induced bone changes and the fact that multiple 1-year missions are planned. In the past decade, emerging analyses for additional surrogates have been tested in clinical trials; the potential use of these technologies to monitor the biomechanical integrity of the astronaut skeleton will be presented. OVERVIEW: An advisory panel of osteoporosis policy-makers provided NASA with an evidence-based assessment of astronaut biomedical and research data. The panel concluded that spaceflight and terrestrial bone loss have significant differences and certain factors may predispose astronauts to premature fractures. Based on these concerns, a proposed surveillance program is presented which a) uses Quantitative Computed Tomography (QCT) scans of the hip to monitor the recovery of spaceflight-induced deficits in trabecular BMD by 2 years after return, b) develops Finite Element Models [FEM] of QCT data to evaluate spaceflight effect on calculated hip bone strength and c) generates Trabecular Bone Score [TBS] from serial DXA scans of the lumbar spine to evaluate the effect of age, spaceflight and countermeasures on this novel index of bone microarchitecture. SIGNIFICANCE: DXA aBMD is a widely-applied, evidence-based predictor for fractures but not applicable as a fracture surrogate for premenopausal females and males <50 years. Its inability to detect structural parameters is a limitation for assessing changes in bone integrity with and without countermeasures. Collective use of aBMD, TBS, QCT, and FEM analysis for astronaut surveillance could

Results of the psychiatric, select-out evaluation of US astronaut applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faulk, D. M.; Santy, P. A.; Holland, A. W.; Marsh, R.

1992-01-01

The psychiatric exclusion criteria for astronauts are based on NASA Medical Psychiatric Standards for space flight. Until recently, there were no standardized methods to evaluate disqualifying psychopathology in astronaut applicants. Method: One hundred and six astronaut applicants who had passed the intitial screening were evaluated for Axis 1 and Axis 2 DSM-3-R diagnoses using the NASA structured psychiatric interview. The interview consisted of three parts: (1) an unstructured portion for obtaining biographical and historical information, (2) the schedule for effective disorders-lifetime version (SASDL), specially modified to include all disqualifying Axis 1 mental disorders; and, (3) the personality assessment schedule (PAS) also modified to evaluate for Axis 2 disorders. Results: Nine of 106 candidates (8.5 percent) met diagnostic criteria for six Axis 1 disorders (including V code) or Axis 2 disorders. Two of these disorders were disqualifying for the applicants. 'Near' diagnoses (where applicants met at least 50 percent of the listed criteria) were assessed to demonstrate that clinicians using the interview were able to overcome applicants' reluctance to report symptomatomatology. Conclusion: The use of the NASA structured interview was effective in identifying past and present psychopathology in a group of highly motivated astronaut applicants. This was the first time a structured psychiatric interview had been used in such a setting for this purpose.

Astronaut William Pogue using Skylab Viewfinder Tracking System experiment

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-09-10

S73-32854 (10 Sept. 1973) --- Astronaut William R. Pogue, Skylab 4 pilot, uses the Skylab Viewfinder Tracking System (S191 experiment) during a training exercise in the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA) one-G trainer at Johnson Space Center. In the background is astronaut Gerald P. Carr, seated at the control panel for the Earth Resources Experiments Package (EREP). Carr is Skylab 4 crew commander, and Gibson is science pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronauts Conrad and Kerwin - Human Vestibular Function Experiment - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-01-01

S73-20678 (1 March 1973) --- Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander of the first manned Skylab mission, checks out the Human Vestibular Function, Experiment M131, during Skylab training at Johnson Space Center. Scientist-astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, science pilot of the mission, goes over a checklist. The two men are in the work and experiments compartment of the crew quarters of the Skylab Orbital Workshop (OWS) trainer at JSC. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Judy Resnik Visits Lewis Research Center

NASA Image and Video Library

1979-07-21

Astronaut Judy Resnik visits the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center on July 18, 1979, the tenth anniversary of the Apollo 11 mission. The event, sponsored by the center’s Public Information Office, was attended by Lewis staff, Cleveland-area media and personalities, and the public. During her time in Cleveland, Resnik appeared on a local television program, gave a press conference, lunched with NASA officials, addressed employees at Lewis, and then met the public at the center’s Visitors Information Center. Resnik related her recent experiences as one of the first US female astronauts and her duties as a mission specialist. The Akron, Ohio native earned a Bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1970 and a doctorate in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland in 1977. Resnik served as a biomedic engineer and staff fellow in the Laboratory of Neurophysiology at the National Institutes of Health from 1974 to 1977, where she performed biological research experiments on visual systems. She served as a senior systems engineer in private industry prior to her selection as an astronaut. Resnik first flew as a mission specialist on STS 41-D, Discovery’s maiden flight, in 1984. Resnik was killed in the January 28, 1986 Challenger accident.

NASA Social

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-12-04

NASA Social participants listen as astronaut Joe Acaba answers questions about his time living aboard the International Space Station at NASA Headquarters, Tuesday, Dec. 4, 2012 in Washington. Acaba launched to the International Space Station on a Russian Soyuz spacecraft May 15, 2012, spending 123 days aboard as a flight engineer of the Expedition 31 and 32 crews. He recently returned to Earth on Sept. 17 after four months in low earth orbit. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Astronaut Walter Schirra gets modified calonic test

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-01-01

S62-06157 (1962) --- Astronaut Walter Schirra Jr. gets modified calonic test. His balance mechanism (semicircular canals) are tested by running cool water into ear and measuring effect on eye motions (nystagmus) after his six-orbit flight in the Sigma 7 spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT COOPER, GORDON L. - TRAINING - MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - CAMERA

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-03-01

S63-03952 (1963) --- Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr. explains the 16mm handheld spacecraft camera to his backup pilot astronaut Alan Shepard. The camera, designed by J.R. Hereford of McDonnell Aircraft Corp., will be used by Cooper during the Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9) mission to photograph experiments in space for M.I.T. and the Weather Bureau. Photo credit: NASA

Astronauts Scott Carpenter and Walter Schirra completes water egress test

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-01-01

S62-01355 (1962) --- Project Mercury astronauts M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) spaceflight, prepares to go through a water egress test. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra (back to camera), the backup MA-7 pilot is also present. Carpenter and Schirra are in the Mercury pressure suit, without the helmet. Behind them is an inflated life raft. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jay Apt uses Hasselblad camera to record earth observations

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-20

STS059-46-025 (9-20 April 1994) --- On the Space Shuttle Endeavour's aft flight deck astronaut Jerome (Jay) Apt, mission specialist, uses a handheld 70mm Hasselblad camera to record still scenes of Earth. Apt, the commander of Endeavour's Blue Shift, joined five other NASA astronauts for a week and a half in space in support of the Space Radar Laboratory/STS-59 mission.

GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-7 - PREFLIGHT PHYSICAL - ASTRONAUT FRANK BORMAN - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-02

S65-60603 (2 Dec. 1965) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, Gemini-7 command pilot, sits attentively as two scalp electrodes are attached to his head. The electrodes will allow doctors to record electrical activity of the astronaut's cerebral cortex during periods of weightlessness. The objectives of this in-flight experiment are to assess state of alertness, levels of consciousness, and depth of sleep. Photo credit: NASA

PORTRAIT - ASTRONAUT GROUP - NEWLY-SELECTED - MSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-10-18

S63-18765 (October 1963) --- These fourteen pilots have been assigned to begin training for astronaut positions with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Front row, from the left, Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., William A. Anders, Charles A. Bassett II, Alan L. Bean, Eugene A. Cernan and Roger B. Chaffee. Back row, from the left, Michael Collins, Walter Cunningham, Donn F. Eisele, Theodore C. Freeman, Richard F. Gordon Jr., Russell L. Scweickart, David R. Scott and Clifton C. Williams Jr. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Development of a thermoelectric one-man cooler for use by NASA astronauts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heenan, P.; Mathiprakasam, B.; DeMott, D.

This paper presents the development of a one-man thermoelectric (TE) cooling unit designed for use by NASA astronauts while they are wearing a protective suit during the launch and reentry phases of space shuttle missions. The unit was designed to provide a low-cooling level of 340 Btu/hour in a 75{degree}F environment and a high-cooling level of 480 Btu/hour in a 95{degree}F environment. The unit has an envelope 8 inches wide by 11 inches high by 4.5 inches deep. The TE unit was designed to optimize space and power consumption while providing adequate cooling. The operation of the TE cooling unitmore » requires {similar_to}1.2 amps of 28 VDC power in the low power mode and {similar_to}3.0 amps of 28 VDC power in the high power mode. Two of these units have flown on several shuttle missions this year and are scheduled for continued use on future missions. The response to the TE unit`s performance has been very positive from the shuttle crew. Additional units are being fabricated to keep the shuttle crew members cooled while final development is under way. {copyright} {ital 1995} {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.« less

EAC trains its first international astronaut class.

PubMed

Bolender, Hans; Bessone, Loredana; Schoen, Andreas; Stevenin, Herve

2002-11-01

After several years of planning and preparation, ESA's ISS training programme has become operational. Between 26 August and 6 September, the European Astronaut Centre (EAC) near Cologne gave the first ESA advanced training course for an international ISS astronaut class. The ten astronauts who took part--two from NASA, four from Japan and four from ESA--had begun their advanced training programme back in 2001 with sessions at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston and at the Japanese Training Centre in Tsukuba. During their stay in Cologne, the ten astronauts participated in a total of 33 classroom lessons and hands-on training sessions, which gave them a detailed overview of the systems and subsystems of the Columbus module, the Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV), and the related crew operations tasks. They were also introduced to the four ESA experiment facilities to be operated inside the Columbus module. After their first week of training at EAC, the astronauts were given the opportunity to see the flight model of the Columbus module being integrated at the site of ESA's ISS prime contractor, Astrium in Bremen. The second week of training at EAC included hands-on instruction on the Columbus Data Management System (DMS) using the recently installed Columbus Crew Training Facility. In preparation for the first advanced crew training session at EAC, two Training Readiness Reviews (TRR) were conducted there in June and August. These reviews were supported by training experts and astronauts from NASA, NASDA and CSA (Canada), who were introduced to ESA's advanced training concept and the development process, and then analysed and evaluated the training flow, content and instructional soundness of lessons and courses, as well as the fidelity of the training facilities and the skills of the ESA training instructors. The International Training Control Board (ITCB), made up of representatives from all of the ISS International Partners and mandated to control and

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-03

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer conducts an experiment during a Stem in 30 segment, Friday, Nov. 3, 2017 at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. During Expedition 52, Fischer completed hundreds of scientific experiments and two spacewalks, and concluded his 136-day mission onboard the International Space Station, when he landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan in September 2017. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-03

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer speaks about his time onboard the International Space Station (ISS) during Expeditions 51/52, Friday, Nov. 3, 2017 at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. During Expedition 52, Fischer completed hundreds of scientific experiments and two spacewalks, and concluded his 136-day mission when he landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan in September 2017. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Digital Astronaut Photography: A Discovery Dataset for Archaeology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stefanov, William L.

2010-01-01

Astronaut photography acquired from the International Space Station (ISS) using commercial off-the-shelf cameras offers a freely-accessible source for high to very high resolution (4-20 m/pixel) visible-wavelength digital data of Earth. Since ISS Expedition 1 in 2000, over 373,000 images of the Earth-Moon system (including land surface, ocean, atmospheric, and lunar images) have been added to the Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth online database (http://eol.jsc.nasa.gov ). Handheld astronaut photographs vary in look angle, time of acquisition, solar illumination, and spatial resolution. These attributes of digital astronaut photography result from a unique combination of ISS orbital dynamics, mission operations, camera systems, and the individual skills of the astronaut. The variable nature of astronaut photography makes the dataset uniquely useful for archaeological applications in comparison with more traditional nadir-viewing multispectral datasets acquired from unmanned orbital platforms. For example, surface features such as trenches, walls, ruins, urban patterns, and vegetation clearing and regrowth patterns may be accentuated by low sun angles and oblique viewing conditions (Fig. 1). High spatial resolution digital astronaut photographs can also be used with sophisticated land cover classification and spatial analysis approaches like Object Based Image Analysis, increasing the potential for use in archaeological characterization of landscapes and specific sites.

2018 NASA Day of Remembrance

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

Guests place flowers near the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. The names of fallen astronauts from Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia, as well as the astronauts who perished in training and commercial airplane accidents are emblazoned on the monument. During the annual Day of Remembrance, spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

2018 NASA Day of Remembrance

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

Flowers are placed near the Space Mirror Memorial at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex. The names of fallen astronauts from Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia, as well as the astronauts who perished in training and commercial airplane accidents are emblazoned on the monument. During the annual Day of Remembrance, spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

Astronaut Risk Levels During Crew Module (CM) Land Landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawrence, Charles; Carney, Kelly S.; Littell, Justin

2007-01-01

The NASA Engineering Safety Center (NESC) is investigating the merits of water and land landings for the crew exploration vehicle (CEV). The merits of these two options are being studied in terms of cost and risk to the astronauts, vehicle, support personnel, and general public. The objective of the present work is to determine the astronaut dynamic response index (DRI), which measures injury risks. Risks are determined for a range of vertical and horizontal landing velocities. A structural model of the crew module (CM) is developed and computational simulations are performed using a transient dynamic simulation analysis code (LS-DYNA) to determine acceleration profiles. Landing acceleration profiles are input in a human factors model that determines astronaut risk levels. Details of the modeling approach, the resulting accelerations, and astronaut risk levels are provided.

Astronaut Edwin Aldrin poses for photograph beside deployed U.S. flag

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-07-20

AS11-40-5875 (20 July 1969) --- Astronaut Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot of the first lunar landing mission, poses for a photograph beside the deployed United States flag during an Apollo 11 extravehicular activity (EVA) on the lunar surface. The Lunar Module (LM) is on the left, and the footprints of the astronauts are clearly visible in the soil of the moon. Astronaut Neil A. Armstrong, commander, took this picture with a 70mm Hasselblad lunar surface camera. While astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the LM, the "Eagle", to explore the Sea of Tranquility region of the moon, astronaut Michael Collins, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) "Columbia" in lunar orbit. Photo credit: NASA

Women's History Month at NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-14

NASA Administrator Lori Garver listens to astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson (off camera) at a Women's History Month event at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, March 16, 2011 in Washington. The event entitled Women Inspiring the Next Generation to Reveal the Unknown is a joint venture with NASA and the White House Council on Women and Girls. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Space Shuttle Underside Astronaut Communications Performance Evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hwu, Shian U.; Dobbins, Justin A.; Loh, Yin-Chung; Kroll, Quin D.; Sham, Catherine C.

2005-01-01

The Space Shuttle Ultra High Frequency (UHF) communications system is planned to provide Radio Frequency (RF) coverage for astronauts working underside of the Space Shuttle Orbiter (SSO) for thermal tile inspection and repairing. This study is to assess the Space Shuttle UHF communication performance for astronauts in the shadow region without line-of-sight (LOS) to the Space Shuttle and Space Station UHF antennas. To insure the RF coverage performance at anticipated astronaut worksites, the link margin between the UHF antennas and Extravehicular Activity (EVA) Astronauts with significant vehicle structure blockage was analyzed. A series of near-field measurements were performed using the NASA/JSC Anechoic Chamber Antenna test facilities. Computational investigations were also performed using the electromagnetic modeling techniques. The computer simulation tool based on the Geometrical Theory of Diffraction (GTD) was used to compute the signal strengths. The signal strength was obtained by computing the reflected and diffracted fields along the propagation paths between the transmitting and receiving antennas. Based on the results obtained in this study, RF coverage for UHF communication links was determined for the anticipated astronaut worksite in the shadow region underneath the Space Shuttle.

ISS Benefits for Humanity: Train Like an Astronaut

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-01-29

Published on Jan 29, 2015 Developed in cooperation with NASA scientists and fitness professionals working directly with astronauts, the Train Like an Astronaut program is an exciting and engaging way to get the children of today up and moving. The project uses the excitement of exploration to challenge students to set physical fitness and research goals, practice physical fitness activities, and research proper nutrition, enabling each child to become our next generation of fit explorers! The International Space Station is a blueprint for global cooperation and scientific advancements, a destination for a growing commercial marketplace in low-Earth orbit and a test bed for demonstrating new technologies. The space station is the springboard to NASA’s next great leap in exploration, including future missions to an asteroid and Mars. For more information: http://go.nasa.gov/1zhkuW9

Skylab 3,Astronaut Jack R. Lousma on EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-06

SL3-122-2612 (6 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, participates in the final Skylab 3 extravehicular activity (EVA), during which a variety of tasks were performed. Here, Bean is near the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) during final film change out for the giant telescope facility. Astronaut Owen K. Garriott, who took the picture, is reflected in Bean's helmet visor. The reflected Earth disk in Bean's visor is so clear that the Red Sea and Nile River area can delineated. Photo credit: NASA

Pettit enters data in a laptop computer

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-13

ISS030-E-142862 (13 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, enters data in a computer while working with Robonaut 2 humanoid robot in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station.

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1978: A chronology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janson, Bette R.

1986-01-01

This is the 18th in a series of annual chronologies of significant events in the fields of astronautics and aeronautics. Events covered are international as well as national and political as well as scientific and technical. This series is a reference work for historians, NASA personnel, government agencies, congressional staffs, and the media.

Bridenstine Sworn In As NASA Administrator

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-23

Vice President Mike Pence and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talk with NASA astronauts Andrew Feustel, Scott Tingle, and Ricky Arnold who are onboard the International Space Station, Monday, April 23, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Bridenstine was just sworn in by the Vice President as NASA's 13th Administrator. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Bridenstine Sworn In As NASA Administrator

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-23

Vice President Mike Pence, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine talk with NASA astronauts Scott Tingle, Andrew Feustel, and Ricky Arnold who are onboard the International Space Station, Monday, April 23, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Bridenstine was just sworn in by the Vice President as NASA's 13th Administrator. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

A Strong State of NASA on This Week @NASA – February 16, 2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-02-16

The Fiscal Year 2019 budget and the State of NASA, astronauts at work outside the International Space Station, and the arrival of our next planet-hunting satellite … a few of the stories to tell you about – This Week at NASA!

Astronauts Ochoa and Tanner during egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-23

S94-40073 (23 June 1994) --- Wearing training versions of the launch and entry suits (LES), astronauts Ellen Ochoa, payload commander, and Joseph P. Tanner, mission specialist, await the beginning of a training session on emergency egress procedures. The STS-66 crew participated in the training, held in the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory. Ochoa and Tanner will join three other NASA astronauts and one international mission specialist aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) flight scheduled for November of this year.

Astronauts McDivitt and White look over training plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Astronauts James A. McDivitt (left) and Edward H. White II are shown looking over training plans at Cape Kennedy during prelaunch preparations. The NASA Headquarters alternative photo number is 65-H-275.

Incidence Rate of Cardiovascular Disease End Points in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration Astronaut Corps.

PubMed

Ade, Carl J; Broxterman, Ryan M; Charvat, Jacqueline M; Barstow, Thomas J

2017-08-07

It is unknown whether the astronaut occupation or exposure to microgravity influences the risk of long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD). This study explored the effects of being a career National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) astronaut on the risk for clinical CVD end points. During the Longitudinal Study of Astronaut Health, data were collected on 310 NASA astronauts and 981 nonastronaut NASA employees. The nonastronauts were matched to the astronauts on age, sex, and body mass index, to evaluate acute and chronic morbidity and mortality. The primary outcomes were composites of clinical CVD end points (myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, stroke, and coronary artery bypass surgery) or coronary artery disease (CAD) end points (myocardial infarction and coronary artery bypass surgery). Of the astronauts, 5.2% had a clinical CVD end point and 2.9% had a CAD end point compared with the nonastronaut comparisons with 4.7% and 3.1% having CVD and CAD end points, respectively. In the multivariate models adjusted for traditional risk factors, astronauts had a similar risk of CVD compared with nonastronauts (adjusted hazard ratio, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.60-1.93; P =0.80). Risk of a CAD end point was similar between groups (hazard ratio, 0.97; CI, 0.45-2.08; P =0.93). In astronauts with early spaceflight experience, the risk of CVD (hazard ratio, 0.80; CI, 0.25-2.56; P =0.71) and CAD (hazard ratio, 1.23; CI: 0.27-5.61; P =0.79) compared with astronauts with no experience were not different. These findings suggest that being an astronaut is not associated with increased long-term risk of CVD development. © 2017 The Authors. Published on behalf of the American Heart Association, Inc., by Wiley.

NASA study of cataract in astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-sectional study of the relationship of exposure to space radiation and risk of lens opacity.

PubMed

Chylack, Leo T; Peterson, Leif E; Feiveson, Alan H; Wear, Mary L; Manuel, F Keith; Tung, William H; Hardy, Dale S; Marak, Lisa J; Cucinotta, Francis A

2009-07-01

The NASA Study of Cataract in Astronauts (NASCA) is a 5-year longitudinal study of the effect of space radiation exposure on the severity/progression of nuclear, cortical and posterior subcapsular (PSC) lens opacities. Here we report on baseline data that will be used over the course of the longitudinal study. Participants include 171 consenting astronauts who flew at least one mission in space and a comparison group made up of three components: (a) 53 astronauts who had not flown in space, (b) 95 military aircrew personnel, and (c) 99 non-aircrew ground-based comparison subjects. Continuous measures of nuclear, cortical and PSC lens opacities were derived from Nidek EAS 1000 digitized images. Age, demographics, general health, nutritional intake and solar ocular exposure were measured at baseline. Astronauts who flew at least one mission were matched to comparison subjects using propensity scores based on demographic characteristics and medical history stratified by gender and smoking (ever/never). The cross-sectional data for matched subjects were analyzed by fitting customized non-normal regression models to examine the effect of space radiation on each measure of opacity. The variability and median of cortical cataracts were significantly higher for exposed astronauts than for nonexposed astronauts and comparison subjects with similar ages (P=0.015). Galactic cosmic space radiation (GCR) may be linked to increased PSC area (P=0.056) and the number of PSC centers (P=0.095). Within the astronaut group, PSC size was greater in subjects with higher space radiation doses (P=0.016). No association was found between space radiation and nuclear cataracts. Cross-sectional data analysis revealed a small deleterious effect of space radiation for cortical cataracts and possibly for PSC cataracts. These results suggest increased cataract risks at smaller radiation doses than have been reported previously.

(GT-6 PRIME CREW((PREFLIGHT ACTIVITY) - ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - MISC.

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-12-12

S65-59977 (15 Dec. 1965) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford (foreground), Gemini-6 prime crew pilot; and Alan B. Shepard Jr., chief, Astronaut Office, Manned Spacecraft Center, look over a Gemini mission chart in the suiting trailer at Launch Complex 16 during the Gemini-6 prelaunch countdown at Cape Kennedy, Florida. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Kononenko, Padalka and Acaba in Columbus

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-05-17

ISS031-E-081658 (17 May 2012) --- Russian cosmonaut Gennady Padalka (background) and NASA astronaut Joe Acaba, both Expedition 31 flight engineers, are pictured during a crew safety briefing in the Columbus laboratory to familiarize them with the potential hazards and available safety measures onboard the International Space Station. Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (mostly out of frame at left), commander, conducted the briefing. Out of frame are European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers, NASA astronaut Don Pettit and Russian cosmonaut Sergei Revin, all flight engineers. The event took place shortly after Padalka, Revin and Acaba docked with the space station in their Soyuz TMA-04M spacecraft.

Bridenstine Sworn In As NASA Administrator

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-23

Vice President Mike Pence, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, right, talk with NASA astronauts Scott Tingle, Andrew Feustel, and Ricky Arnold who are onboard the International Space Station, Monday, April 23, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Bridenstine was just sworn in by the Vice President as NASA's 13th Administrator. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Social for the Launch of Orion

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-12-03

At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, NASA leaders spoke to social media participants as the Orion spacecraft and its Delta IV Heavy rocket were being prepared for launch. Speakers included NASA astronaut Rex Walheim.

Vice President Bush visits ESA Astronauts at KSC for Spacelab dedication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

View of Vice President George Bush (center) visiting Astronauts Owen Garriot (left) and Wubbo Ockels of the Netherlands inside the Spacelab after the dedication ceremony in the Kennedy Space Center's Operations and Checkout (O and C) building. The NASA Headquarters alternative photo number is NASA 82-HC-64.

Astronaut Kevin P. Chilton uses helmet to bail water during bailout training

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-22

S93-50705 (22 Dec 1993) --- Astronaut Kevin P. Chilton, pilot, uses his helmet to bail water from his life raft during emergency bailout training at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Chilton and five other NASA astronauts are scheduled to fly aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavour next year.

Astronautics and aeronautics, 1985: A chronology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Janson, Bette R.

1988-01-01

This book is part of a series of annual chronologies of significant events in the fields of astronautics and aeronautics. Events covered are international as well as national, in political as well as scientific and technical areas. This series is an important reference work used by historians, NASA personnel, government agencies, and congressional staffs, as well as the media.

Skylab (SL)-4 Astronauts - "Open House" Press Day - SL Mockup - MSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1972-01-20

S72-17512 (19 Jan. 1972) --- These three men are the crewmen for the first manned Skylab mission. They are astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., commander, standing left; scientist-astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, seated; and astronaut Paul J. Weitz, pilot. They were photographed and interviewed during an "open house" press day in the realistic atmosphere of the Multiple Docking Adapter (MDA) trainer in the Mission Simulation and Training Facility at the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). The control and display panel for the Apollo Telescope Mount (ATM) is at right. Photo credit: NASA

Skylab (SL)-3 - Astronaut Jack R. Lousma - Utensils

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-09-19

S73-34198 (1 Aug. 1973) --- A close-up view of the hands of astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, using a silverware utensil to gather food at the food station, in this photographic reproduction taken from a television transmission made by a color TV camera aboard the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. Astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander, had just zoomed the TV camera in for this close-up of the food tray following a series of wide shots of Lousma at the food station. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut medical selection during the shuttle era: 1981-2011.

PubMed

Johnston, Smith L; Blue, Rebecca S; Jennings, Richard T; Tarver, William J; Gray, Gary W

2014-08-01

U.S. astronauts undergo extensive job-related screening and medical examinations prior to selection in order to identify candidates optimally suited for careers in spaceflight. Screening medical standards evolved over many years and after extensive spaceflight experience. These standards assess health-related risks for each astronaut candidate, minimizing the potential for medical impact on future mission success. This document discusses the evolution of the Shuttle-era medical selection standards and the most common reasons for medical dis-qualification of applicants. Data for astronaut candidate finalists were compiled from medical records and NASA archives from the period of 1978 to 2004 and were retrospectively reviewed for medically disqualifying conditions. During Shuttle selection cycles, a total of 372 applicants were disqualified due to 425 medical concerns. The most common disqualifying conditions included visual, cardiovascular, psychiatric, and behavioral disorders. During this time period, three major expert panel reviews resulted in refinements and alterations to selection standards for future cycles. Shuttle-era screening, testing, and specialist evaluations evolved through periodic expert reviews, evidence-based medicine, and astronaut medical care experience. The Shuttle medical program contributed to the development and implementation of NASA and international standards, longitudinal data collection, improved medical care, and occupational surveillance models. The lessons learned from the Shuttle program serve as the basis for medical selection for the ISS, exploration-class missions, and for those expected to participate in commercial spaceflight.

Astronaut Scott Parazynski during egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-23

S94-40083 (23 June 1994) --- Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski looks at fellow STS-66 mission specialist Joseph R. Tanner, (foreground) during a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during launch and entry phases of the their scheduled November flight. This rehearsal, held in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) of the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory, was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures. In November, Parazynski and Tanner will join three other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist for a week and a half aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in Earth-orbit in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3).

Astronaut Scott Parazynski during egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-23

S94-40079 (23 June 1994) --- Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski looks at fellow STS-66 mission specialist Joseph R. Tanner, (partially visible in foreground) during a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during launch and entry phases of the their scheduled November flight. This rehearsal, held in the Crew Compartment Trainer (CCT) of the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory, was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures. In November, Parazynski and Tanner will join three other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist for a week and a half aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in Earth-orbit in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3).

Land Cover/Land Use Classification and Change Detection Analysis with Astronaut Photography and Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hollier, Andi B.; Jagge, Amy M.; Stefanov, William L.; Vanderbloemen, Lisa A.

2017-01-01

For over fifty years, NASA astronauts have taken exceptional photographs of the Earth from the unique vantage point of low Earth orbit (as well as from lunar orbit and surface of the Moon). The Crew Earth Observations (CEO) Facility is the NASA ISS payload supporting astronaut photography of the Earth surface and atmosphere. From aurora to mountain ranges, deltas, and cities, there are over two million images of the Earth's surface dating back to the Mercury missions in the early 1960s. The Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth website (eol.jsc.nasa.gov) provides a publically accessible platform to query and download these images at a variety of spatial resolutions and perform scientific research at no cost to the end user. As a demonstration to the science, application, and education user communities we examine astronaut photography of the Washington D.C. metropolitan area for three time steps between 1998 and 2016 using Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis (GEOBIA) to classify and quantify land cover/land use and provide a template for future change detection studies with astronaut photography.

ASTRONAUT LOUSMA, JACK - EGRESS - SKYLAB 3 COMMAND MODULE - PACIFIC

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-09-25

S73-36435 (25 Sept. 1973) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, egresses the Skylab 3 Command Module aboard the prime recovery ship, USS New Orleans, during recovery operations in the Pacific Ocean. Astronauts Lousma; Alan L. Bean, commander; and Owen L. Garriott, science pilot, had just completed a successful 59-day visit to the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. The Skylab 3 spacecraft splashed down in the Pacific about 230 miles southwest of San Diego, California. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT ACTIVITY - APOLLO-SOYUZ TEST PROJECT (ASTP) - SOFTWARE - KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-08

S75-24108 (8-10 Feb. 1975) --- A group of Apollo-Soyuz Test Project crewmen inspects an Apollo spacesuit during a three-day tour of NASA's Kennedy Space Center. They were at KSC to look over ASTP launch facilities and flight hardware. The six men wearing white caps are, left to right, cosmonaut Valeriy N. Kubasov, interpreter K.S. Samofal (far end of table), astronaut Vance D. Brand, cosmonaut Aleksey A. Leonov, cosmonaut Vladimir A. Shatalov and astronaut Donald K. Slayton.

Astronaut William McArthur prepares for a training exercise

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-07-20

S93-38686 (20 July 1993) --- Wearing a training version of the partial pressure launch and entry garment, astronaut William S. McArthur prepares to rehearse emergency egress procedures for the STS-58 mission. McArthur, along with the five other NASA astronauts and a visiting payload specialist assigned to the seven-member crew, later simulated contingency evacuation procedures. Most of the training session took place in the crew compartment and full fuselage trainers of the Space Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

Astronaut William McArthur prepares for a training exercise

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-07-20

S93-38679 (20 July 1993) --- Wearing a training version of the partial pressure launch and entry garment, astronaut William S. McArthur listens to a briefing on emergency egress procedures for the STS-58 mission. McArthur, along with five other NASA astronauts and a visiting payload specialist assigned to the seven member crew, later rehearsed contingency evacuation procedures. Most of the training session took place in the crew compartment and full fuselage trainers of the Space Shuttle mockup and integration laboratory.

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki training SSRMS PROF

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-15

JSC2010-E-009784 (15 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a simulation exercise using the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) simulator in the Avionics Systems Laboratory at NASA?s Johnson Space Center.

Proposal for an astronaut mass measurement device for the Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beyer, Neil; Lomme, Jon; Mccollough, Holly; Price, Bradford; Weber, Heidi

1994-01-01

For medical reasons, astronauts in space need to have their mass measured. Currently, this measurement is performed using a mass-spring system. The current system is large, inaccurate, and uncomfortable for the astronauts. NASA is looking for new, different, and preferably better ways to perform this measurement process. After careful analysis our design team decided on a linear acceleration process. Within the process, four possible concept variants are put forth. Among these four variants, one is suggested over the others. The variant suggested is that of a motor-winch system to linearly accelerate the astronaut. From acceleration and force measurements of the process combined Newton's second law, the mass of an astronaut can be calculated.

NASA Columbus Future Forum

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-20

Leland Melvin, NASA Associate Administrator for Education and NASA Astronaut, moderates the NASA Future Forum Inspiration and Education Panel at The Ohio State University on Monday, Feb. 20, 2012, in Columbus, Ohio. The NASA Future Forum features panel discussions on the importance of education to our nation's future in space, the benefit of commercialized space technology to our economy and lives here on Earth, and the shifting roles for the public, commercial and international communities in space. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Office Scheduling System Software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Estevancio

2010-01-01

AOSS is a highly efficient scheduling application that uses various tools to schedule astronauts weekly appointment information. This program represents an integration of many technologies into a single application to facilitate schedule sharing and management. It is a Windows-based application developed in Visual Basic. Because the NASA standard office automation load environment is Microsoft-based, Visual Basic provides AO SS developers with the ability to interact with Windows collaboration components by accessing objects models from applications like Outlook and Excel. This also gives developers the ability to create newly customizable components that perform specialized tasks pertaining to scheduling reporting inside the application. With this capability, AOSS can perform various asynchronous tasks, such as gathering/ sending/ managing astronauts schedule information directly to their Outlook calendars at any time.

Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1986-1990: A Chronology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gawdiak, Ihor Y.; Miro, Ramon J.; Stueland, Sam

1997-01-01

This chronology of events in aeronautics, aviation, space science, and space exploration was prepared by the Federal Research Division of the LibrarY of Congress for the History Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It covers the years 1996-1990 and continues the series of annual chronologies published by NASA. The present volume returns to the format used in the Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1979-1984: A Chronology volume. It also integrates in a single table the information presented in two or three previous publications.

Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1991-1995: A Chronology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gawdiak, Ihor Y. (Compiler); Shetland, Charles (Compiler)

2000-01-01

This chronology of events in aeronautics, aviation, space science, and space exploration was prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress and RSIS for the History Division of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). It covers the years 1991-1995 and continues the series of annual chronologies published by NASA. The present volume uses the format of the previous edition of this series, Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1986-1990: A Chronology. It also integrates, in the appendices, information presented in previous publication

Commerical Crew Astronaut Suni Williams in SpaceX's Spacesuit

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-17

NASA Astronaut Suni Williams, fully suited in SpaceX’s spacesuit, interfaces with the display inside a mock-up of the Crew Dragon spacecraft in Hawthorne, California, during a testing exercise on Tuesday, April 3, 2018.

NASA Brevard Top Scholars

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-13

Retired NASA astronaut Tom Jones talks to high school students during "Lunch with an Astronaut" at the NASA Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex in Florida. Top scholars from Brevard County public high schools were invited to Kennedy Space Center for a tour of facilities, lunch and a roundtable discussion with engineers and scientists at the center. The 2017-2018 Brevard Top Scholars event was hosted by the center's Education Projects and Youth Engagement office to honor the top three scholars of the 2017-2018 graduating student class from each of Brevard County’s public high schools. The students received a personalized certificate at the end of the day.

51-D astronauts Griggs and Hoffman with toys for use in Toys in Space Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

Astronaut David Griggs, 51-D mission specialist, monitors the behavior of a pink plastic flipping toy, nicknamed 'Rat Stuff.' Behind the toy are mock-ups of the middeck lockers. The small toy is part of the 'Toys in Space' project for NASA's STS 51-E mission (26475); Astronaut Jeff A. Hoffman, 51-D mission specialist, goes through a one-G simulation of operation of a friction-powered toy car in NASA's one-G Shuttle trainer at JSC (26476).

STS-51 astronauts participate in emergency bailout training in WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-03-24

S93-31929 (24 March 1993) --- The three mission specialists for NASA's STS-51 mission watch as a crewmate (out of frame) simulates a parachute jump into water during emergency bailout training exercises at the Johnson Space Center's Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Left to right are astronauts Daniel W. Bursch, Carl E. Walz and James H. Newman. Out of frame are astronauts Frank L. Culbertson and William F. Readdy, commander and pilot, respectively.

Bridenstine Sworn In As NASA Administrator

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-23

Vice President Mike Pence, left, and NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine are seen as they talk with NASA astronauts Scott Tingle, Andrew Feustel, and Ricky Arnold who are onboard the International Space Station, Monday, April 23, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Bridenstine was just sworn in by the Vice President as NASA's 13th Administrator. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

2018 NASA Day of Remembrance

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

Following this year's Day of Remembrance ceremony at the Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex, guests pick up flowers to place at the Space Mirror Memorial. The names of fallen astronauts from Apollo 1, Challenger and Columbia, as well as the astronauts who perished in training and commercial airplane accidents are emblazoned on the monument. Each year spaceport employees and guests join others throughout NASA honoring the contributions of astronauts who have perished in the conquest of space.

STS_135_Russia

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-28

JSC2011-E-040291 (28 March 2011) --- NASA astronaut Doug Hurley, STS-135 pilot, dons a Sokol spacesuit March 28, 2011, at the Zvezda facility in Moscow. Hurley's name appears first in English and then in Russian on his suit. The order is reversed on the suits of Russian cosmonauts. Photo credit: NASA Photo/Houston Chronicle, Smiley N. Pool

Women's History Month at NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-14

NASA Deputy Administrator Lori Garver, far left at table, answers a students question at a Women's History Month event at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, March 16, 2011 in Washington. Garver is joined on the panel by NASA astronaut Tracy Caldwell Dyson, center, and NASA Aerospace Engineer Sabrina Thompson. The event entitled Women Inspiring the Next Generation to Reveal the Unknown is a joint venture with NASA and the White House Council on Women and Girls. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Pettit works with two still cameras mounted together in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-21

ISS030-E-049636 (21 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, works with two still cameras mounted together in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. One camera is an infrared modified still camera.

Pettit works with two still cameras mounted together in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-21

ISS030-E-049643 (21 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, works with two still cameras mounted together in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. One camera is an infrared modified still camera.

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-03

NASA astronaut Jack Fischer sticks his finger in a liquid that was just boiling by vacuum, during a Stem in 30 experiment, Friday, Nov. 3, 2017 at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. During Expedition 52, Fischer completed hundreds of scientific experiments and two spacewalks, and concluded his 136-day mission onboard the International Space Station, when he landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan in September 2017. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

Astronaut Thomas P.Stafford Next to Training Simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1968-09-05

Stafford standing next to training simulator Note: 1968-L-08723 same image in black and white. General Stafford was commander of Apollo 10 in May 1969, first flight of the lunar module to the moon, he descended to nine miles above the moon performing the entire lunar landing mission except the actual landing. He performed the first rendezvous around the Moon, and designated the first lunar landing site. NASA.gov/https://www.nasa.gov/astronauts/biographies/former

Astronaut Jack Fischer at Air and Space Museum

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-03

An audience member asks a question after a presentation by NASA astronaut Jack Fischer about his time onboard the International Space Station (ISS) during Expeditions 51/52, Friday, Nov. 3, 2017 at Smithsonian's National Air and Space Museum in Washington. During Expedition 52, Fischer completed hundreds of scientific experiments and two spacewalks, and concluded his 136-day mission when he landed in a remote area near the town of Zhezkazgan, Kazakhstan in September 2017. Photo Credit: (NASA/Aubrey Gemignani)

NASA at the Space & Science Festival

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-08-05

Former NASA astronaut Mike Massimino participates in a panel discussion titled "The Big Picture", Saturday, Aug. 5, 2017 at the Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum in New York City. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Astronaut Bean - Acrobatics - Orbital Workshop (OWS)

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-20

S73-32632 (19 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, performs acrobatics and simulated gymnastics in the dome area of the Orbital Workshop in this photographic reproduction taken from a television transmission made by a color TV camera aboard the Skylab space station in Earth orbit. Bean appears to be floating in a diving position. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jean-Francois Clervoy in middeck during launch/entry training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-23

S94-40074 (23 June 1994) --- Astronaut Jean-Francois Clervoy, STS-66 international mission specialist, sits securely on a collapsible seat on the middeck of a Shuttle trainer during a rehearsal of procedures to be followed during launch and entry phases of his scheduled November flight. This rehearsal, held in the crew compartment trainer of the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory, was followed by a training session on emergency egress procedures. Clervoy, a European astronaut, will join five NASA astronauts for a week and a half aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in Earth-orbit in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3).

PARASAIL TRAINING - ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - GALVESTON BAY, TX

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-08-23

S65-51958 (23 Aug. 1965) --- Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 prime crew pilot, sails over Galveston Bay during parasail training. His water survival gear hangs below him. Photo credit: NASA or National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Astronaut Medical Selection and Flight Medicine Care During the Shuttle ERA 1981 to 2011

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, S.; Jennings, R.; Stepaniak, P.; Schmid, J.; Rouse, B.; Gray, G.; Tarver, B.

2011-01-01

The NASA Shuttle Program began with congressional budget approval in January 5, 1972 and the launch of STS-1 on April 12, 1981 and recently concluded with the landing of STS-135 on July 21, 2011. The evolution of the medical standards and care of the Shuttle Era Astronauts began in 1959 with the first Astronaut selection. The first set of NASA minimal medical standards were documented in 1977 and based on Air Force, Navy, Department of Defense, and the Federal Aviation Administration standards. Many milestones were achieved over the 30 years from 1977 to 2007 and the subsequent 13 Astronaut selections and 4 major expert panel reviews performed by the NASA Flight Medicine Clinic, Aerospace Medicine Board, and Medical Policy Board. These milestones of aerospace medicine standards, evaluations, and clinical care encompassed the disciplines of preventive, occupational, and primary care medicine and will be presented. The screening and retention standards, testing, and specialist evaluations evolved through periodic expert reviews, evidence based medicine, and Astronaut medical care experience. The last decade of the Shuttle Program saw the development of the International Space Station (ISS) with further Space medicine collaboration and knowledge gained from our International Partners (IP) from Russia, Canada, Japan, and the European Space Agencies. The Shuttle Program contribution to the development and implementation of NASA and IP standards and waiver guide documents, longitudinal data collection, and occupational surveillance models will be presented along with lessons learned and recommendations for future vehicles and missions.

Glucuronidation of deoxynivalenol (DON) by different animal species: identification of iso-DON glucuronides and iso-deepoxy-DON glucuronides as novel DON metabolites in pigs, rats, mice, and cows.

PubMed

Schwartz-Zimmermann, Heidi E; Hametner, Christian; Nagl, Veronika; Fiby, Iris; Macheiner, Lukas; Winkler, Janine; Dänicke, Sven; Clark, Erica; Pestka, James J; Berthiller, Franz

2017-12-01

The Fusarium mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of cereal-based food and feed. Mammals metabolize DON by conjugation to glucuronic acid (GlcAc), the extent and regioselectivity of which is species-dependent. So far, only DON-3-glucuronide (DON-3-GlcAc) and DON-15-GlcAc have been unequivocally identified as mammalian DON glucuronides, and DON-7-GlcAc has been proposed as further DON metabolite. In the present work, qualitative HPLC-MS/MS analysis of urine samples of animals treated with DON (rats: 2 mg/kg bw, single bolus, gavage; mice: 1 mg/kg bw, single i.p. injection; pigs: 74 µg/kg bw, single bolus, gavage; cows: 5.2 mg DON/kg dry mass, oral for 13 weeks) revealed additional DON and deepoxy-DON (DOM) glucuronides. To elucidate their structures, DON and DOM were incubated with human (HLM) and rat liver microsomes (RLM). Besides the expected DON/DOM-3- and 15-GlcAc, minor amounts of four DON- and four DOM glucuronides were formed. Isolation and enzymatic hydrolysis of four of these compounds yielded iso-DON and iso-DOM, the identities of which were eventually confirmed by NMR. Incubation of iso-DON and iso-DOM with RLM and HLM yielded two main glucuronides for each parent compound, which were isolated and identified as iso-DON/DOM-3-GlcAc and iso-DON/DOM-8-GlcAc by NMR. Iso-DON-3-GlcAc, most likely misidentified as DON-7-GlcAc in the literature, proved to be a major DON metabolite in rats and a minor metabolite in pigs. In addition, iso-DON-8-GlcAc turned out to be one of the major DON metabolites in mice. DOM-3-GlcAc was the dominant DON metabolite in urine of cows and an important DON metabolite in rat urine. Iso-DOM-3-GlcAc was detected in urine of DON-treated rats and cows. Finally, DON-8,15-hemiketal-8-glucuronide, a previously described by-product of DON-3-GlcAc production by RLM, was identified in urine of DON-exposed mice and rats. The discovery of several novel DON-derived glucuronides in animal urine requires adaptation of

Bridenstine Sworn In As NASA Administrator

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-23

Jen Rae Wang, NASA Associate Administrator for NASA’s Office of Communications, left, NASA Administrator Jim Bridenstine, and Vice President Mike Pence, talk with NASA astronauts Scott Tingle, Andrew Feustel, and Ricky Arnold who are onboard the International Space Station, Monday, April 23, 2018 at NASA Headquarters in Washington. Bridenstine was just sworn in by the Vice President as NASA's 13th Administrator. Photo Credit: (NASA/Joel Kowsky)

Virtual Glovebox (VGX) Aids Astronauts in Pre-Flight Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

NASA's Virtual Glovebox (VGX) was developed to allow astronauts on Earth to train for complex biology research tasks in space. The astronauts may reach into the virtual environment, naturally manipulating specimens, tools, equipment, and accessories in a simulated microgravity environment as they would do in space. Such virtual reality technology also provides engineers and space operations staff with rapid prototyping, planning, and human performance modeling capabilities. Other Earth based applications being explored for this technology include biomedical procedural training and training for disarming bio-terrorism weapons.

Pettit holds cameras in the U.S. Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-15

ISS030-E-175788 (15 Jan. 2012) --- NASA astronaut Don Pettit, Expedition 30 flight engineer, is pictured with two still cameras mounted together in the Destiny laboratory of the International Space Station. One camera is an infrared modified still camera.

MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-6 - SUITING-UP - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S64-14848 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. dons spacesuit during preflight operations at Cape Canaveral, Feb. 20, 1962, the day he flew his Mercury-Atlas 6 spacecraft, Friendship 7, into orbital flight around Earth. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Gordon Cooper is assisted backing out of his spacecraft "Faith 7"

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-22

S63-07855 (16 May 1963) --- Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr. is assisted in backing out of his spacecraft "Faith 7" after a 600,000-mile, 22-orbit journey around Earth. He elected to remain in the spacecraft until it was hoisted to the deck of the USS Kearsarge, as did astronaut Walter Schirra during the previous mission. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Owen Garriott participates in EVA to deploy twin pole solar shield

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-06

SL3-117-2109 (6 Aug. 1973) --- Scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, Skylab 3 science pilot, participates in the Aug. 6, 1973 extravehicular activity (EVA) during which he and astronaut Jack Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, deployed the twin pole solar shield to help shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS). Note the reflection of the solar shield in Garriott's helmet visor. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Joins Clemson to Promote the Value of Integrative STEM Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technology and Engineering Teacher, 2013

2013-01-01

NASA and astronaut Patrick Forrester recently teamed up with Clemson University's College of Health Education and Human Development (HEHD) to promote STEM teaching and learning in the Upstate (SC) community. A goal of HEHD is to extend integrative STEM education opportunities to all teachers and their students in South Carolina. NASA space…

Astronaut McDivitt - Blood Pressure Check - Preflight Examination - Merritt Island, FL

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-06-01

S65-19524 (1 June 1965) --- Dr. Charles A. Berry, chief of Center Medical Programs, MSC, Houston, Texas, prepares to check the blood pressure of astronaut James A. McDivitt, command pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 spaceflight. McDivitt is on the tilt table at the Aero Medical Area, MSC, Merritt Island, where he and astronaut Edward H. White II (out of frame), GT-4 pilot, underwent preflight physicals in preparation for the four-day, 62-revolution spaceflight. The two astronauts were declared in top physical condition. In the background is Dr. Gordon Benson, NASA physician at Cape Kennedy.

Astronaut Eileen Collins during phone interview with news media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut Eileen M. Collins, pilot for the STS-63 mission, participates in a telephone interview with an out of town media representative after having been announced as the pilot on NASA's STS-63 mission aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery.

PORTRAIT - PRIME AND BACKUP CREWS - ASTRONAUT EDWARD H. WHITE II

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-01

S66-30236 (1 April 1966) --- The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has named these astronauts as the prime crew of the first manned Apollo Space Flight. Left to right, are Edward H. White II, command module pilot; Virgil I. Grissom, mission commander; and Roger B. Chaffee, lunar module pilot. Editor's Note: Astronauts Grissom, White and Chaffee lost their lives in a Jan. 27, 1967 fire in the Apollo Command Module (CM) during testing at the launch facility.

Astronaut Curtis Brown suspended by simulated parachute gear during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-28

S94-37516 (28 June 1994) --- Astronaut Curtis L. Brown is suspended by a simulated parachute gear during an emergency bailout training exercise in the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Making his second flight in space, Brown will join four other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist for a week and a half in space aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission.

SPACECRAFT - MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - PRELAUNCH - ASTRONAUT COOPER - SIMULATED FLIGHT TESTS - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-03-01

S63-03975 (1963) --- Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr., prime pilot for the Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9) mission, is pictured prior to entering the Mercury spacecraft for a series of simulated flight tests. During these tests NASA doctors, engineers and technicians monitor Cooper's performance. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Mary Ellen Weber during emergency bailout training at WETF

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-02-16

S95-03469 (16 FEB 1995) --- Attired in a training version of the Shuttle launch and entry garment, astronaut Mary Ellen Weber gets help with the final touches of suit donning during a training session at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Helping out is Rockwell's William L. Todd (right), while Staffon Isaacs looks on. Training as a mission specialist for the STS-70 mission, Weber was about to rehearse emergency bailout. The crew members made use of a nearby 25-feet deep pool to practice parachute landings in water and subsequent deployment of life rafts.

How Will Astronauts Stay Fit during Long Spaceflights?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pine, Devera

1989-01-01

Astronauts on lengthy spaceflights must exercise regularly to forestall muscle atrophy and bone loss, but exercise presents unique problems in a weightless environment. All exercise equipment must have a harness or seat belt. Soviet and NASA space exercise plans and experimental ideas are discussed. (Author/SM)

Commerical Crew Astronauts Visit Launch Complex 39A

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-03-27

Commercial Crew Program astronauts, from the left Doug Hurley, Eric Boe, Bob Behnken and Suni Williams, pose just outside Launch Complex 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The astronauts toured the pad for an up-close look at modifications that are in work for the SpaceX Crew Dragon flight tests. The tower modifications included removal of the space shuttle era rotating service structure. Future integration of the crew access arm will allow for safe crew entry for launch and exit from the spacecraft in the unlikely event a pad abort is required.

Astronaut Kathryn Sullivan prepares to leave for KSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-10-01

41G-90028 / S17-90028 (2 Oct 1984) --- Astronaut Sally K. Ride, 41-G mission specialist, gets a last look of Houston from the ground prior to departing the area in a T-38 jet aircraft to begin preparations in Florida for her 41-G space mission later in the week. Dr. Ride is in the rear station of a NASA T-38 at Ellington Air Base, near the Johnson Space Center. She and four other astronauts used the jet trainers to fly to Florida while the mission's two payload specialists flew there aboard a Gulfstream aircraft.

ASTRONAUT COOPER - SPACECRAFT "FAITH 7" - RECOVERY - USS KEARSAGE - PACIFIC

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-16

S63-07701 (16 May 1963) --- Recovery Force personnel bring the Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9) spacecraft aboard the prime recovery vessel following its successful flight into space. Pilot inside the spacecraft is astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr. Photo credit: NASA

EXAMINATION - ASTRONAUT CARPENTER - SCHOOL OF AVIATION MEDICINE - PENSACOLA, FL

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-12-07

S61-04570 (1961) --- Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter's balance mechanism performance is tested by his walking on a narrow board in his bare feet. He is performing this test at the School of Aviation Medicine, Pensacola, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

Ep43 Diet like an Astronaut

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-04

Dan Huot (Host): Houston, we have a podcast. Welcome to the official podcast of the NASA Johnson Space Center. This is episode 43, diet like an astronaut. I'm Dan Huot and I'll be your host today. And on this podcast we bring in the experts. NASA scientists. Engineers. Astronauts. Anybody who can let you know about the coolest stuff going on right here at NASA. Today we're talking about nutrition in space. More specifically, what the astronauts have to eat to stay healthy and functional during long-duration space flight. There's a lot of folks working on that right here at the NASA Johnson Space Center. Including my guest Dr. Scott Smith, NASA nutritionist and the manager for nutritional biochemistry. There's some pretty significant differences in the way astronauts have to eat in space versus the way we eat here on Earth. And so we sat down to learn more about what the body needs to thrive in space. And how we're preparing to tackle some big challenges for future long-duration missions into deep space. So with no further delay, let's go light speed and jump right ahead to our talk with Dr. Scott Smith. Enjoy. [ Music ] All right, I'm here with Dr. Scott Smith. Scott, you're the, can I call you Scott? Scott Smith: You can call me Scott. Host: Scott, just for the sake of keeping things easy. So you're the manager, and this is a mouthful as so of our guests are, for nutritional biochemistry. You're a NASA nutritionist. Start me off. What does that mean? What does your job kind of encompass here? Scott Smith: Well, the nutrition biochemistry lab is responsible for, in essence, keeping crews healthy from a nutrition point of view. So we are not the food lab. I'm always very quick to point out we don't make the Tang. I don't have anything to do with the food. Our job is to understand what the body needs. And we provide data to the food lab that crew members need this many calories and this much protein. Or this much carbohydrate. Or this much vitamin A. Or vitamin E. Or

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki training SSRMS PROF

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-15

JSC2010-E-009785 (15 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a simulation exercise using the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) simulator in the Avionics Systems Laboratory at NASA?s Johnson Space Center. Crew instructor Joseph M. Nguyen assisted Yamazaki.

STS-131 crew member and JAXA astronaut Naoko Yamazaki training SSRMS PROF

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-01-15

JSC2010-E-009787 (15 Jan. 2010) --- Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) astronaut Naoko Yamazaki, STS-131 mission specialist, participates in a simulation exercise using the Space Station Remote Manipulator System (SSRMS) simulator in the Avionics Systems Laboratory at NASA?s Johnson Space Center. Crew instructor Joseph M. Nguyen assisted Yamazaki.

Biological Visualization, Imaging and Simulation(Bio-VIS) at NASA Ames Research Center: Developing New Software and Technology for Astronaut Training and Biology Research in Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, Jeffrey

2003-01-01

The Bio- Visualization, Imaging and Simulation (BioVIS) Technology Center at NASA's Ames Research Center is dedicated to developing and applying advanced visualization, computation and simulation technologies to support NASA Space Life Sciences research and the objectives of the Fundamental Biology Program. Research ranges from high resolution 3D cell imaging and structure analysis, virtual environment simulation of fine sensory-motor tasks, computational neuroscience and biophysics to biomedical/clinical applications. Computer simulation research focuses on the development of advanced computational tools for astronaut training and education. Virtual Reality (VR) and Virtual Environment (VE) simulation systems have become important training tools in many fields from flight simulation to, more recently, surgical simulation. The type and quality of training provided by these computer-based tools ranges widely, but the value of real-time VE computer simulation as a method of preparing individuals for real-world tasks is well established. Astronauts routinely use VE systems for various training tasks, including Space Shuttle landings, robot arm manipulations and extravehicular activities (space walks). Currently, there are no VE systems to train astronauts for basic and applied research experiments which are an important part of many missions. The Virtual Glovebox (VGX) is a prototype VE system for real-time physically-based simulation of the Life Sciences Glovebox where astronauts will perform many complex tasks supporting research experiments aboard the International Space Station. The VGX consists of a physical display system utilizing duel LCD projectors and circular polarization to produce a desktop-sized 3D virtual workspace. Physically-based modeling tools (Arachi Inc.) provide real-time collision detection, rigid body dynamics, physical properties and force-based controls for objects. The human-computer interface consists of two magnetic tracking devices

Astronaut Richard Gordon walks away from Pad 19 following postponement

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-09-10

S66-50775 (10 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot, walks away from Pad 19 following postponement of the Gemini-11 spaceflight. The mission was rescheduled for Sept. 12, 1966. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Scott Parazynski in hatch of CCT during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-23

S94-36628 (23 June 1994) --- Astronaut Scott E. Parazynski poses at the hatch of the crew compartment trainer prior to a rehearsal of launch and entry procedures for a November 1994 flight aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. Four other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist joined the mission specialist for this training exercise in the crew compartment trainer at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Shuttle Mockup and Integration Laboratory and will join him aboard Atlantis in November. The flight is manifest to support the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission.

NASA in the Park, 2018

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-06-20

NASA in the Park on June 16 in Huntsville featured more than 60 exhibits and demonstrations by NASA experts, as well as performances by Marshall musicians, educational opportunities, games and hands-on activities for all ages. Astronaut Hoot Gibson and Nina Ricks of the band “Just Like Grady” entertained audiences at NASA in the Park.

Official Portrait of Astronaut Michael Collins

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1967-01-01

This is the official NASA portrait of astronaut Michael Collins. Collins chose an Air Force career following graduation from West Point. He served as an experimental flight test officer at the Air Force Flight Test Center, Edwards Air Force Base, California, and, in that capacity, tested performance and stability and control characteristics of Air Force aircraft, primarily jet fighters. Having logged approximately 5,000 hours flying time, Collins was one of the third group of astronauts named by NASA in October 1963. Collins completed two space flights, logging 266 hours in space, of which, 1 hour and 27 minutes was spent in Extra Vehicular Activity (EVA). On July 18, 1966, he served as backup pilot for the Gemini VII mission which included a successful rendezvous and docking with a separately launched Agena target vehicle and, using the power of the Agena, maneuvered the Gemini spacecraft into another orbit for a rendezvous with a second, passive Agena. His skillful performance in completing two periods of EVA included the recovery of a micrometeorite detection experiment from the passive Agena. July 16-24, 1969, Collins served as command module (CM) pilot on Apollo 11, the historic first lunar landing mission. He remained aboard the CM, Columbia, on station in lunar orbit and performed the final re-docking maneuvers following a successful lunar orbit rendezvous with the Lunar Module (LM), Eagle. Collins left NASA in January 1970.

Astronaut John Glenn, Jr. - Insertion - Mercury Spacecraft - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00371 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Mercury astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) spaceflight, enters the Mercury "Friendship 7" spacecraft during the MA-6 prelaunch preparations at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Glenn became the first American to orbit Earth. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut David Scott practicing for Gemini 8 EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-02-01

S66-19284 (1 Feb. 1966) --- Astronaut David R. Scott practicing for Gemini-8 extravehicular activity (EVA) in building 4 of the Manned Spacecraft Center on the air bearing floor. He is wearing the Hand-Held Maneuvering Unit which he will use during the EVA. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Scott Carpenter completes top egress training in white room

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-03-16

S62-01383 (1962) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 7 (the nation's second manned orbital flight), completes top egress training in the white room at Cape Canaveral, Florida. The line he is holding is known as the "man line" which attaches the survival kit to the astronaut. The bag is the survival kit he carries for contingency landings. Clearly visible around his neck is the bag containing the life vest. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Joseph Tanner is assisted into his EMU during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-08-01

S94-40048 (1 August 1994) --- Astronaut Joseph R. Tanner, mission specialist, is assisted by Boeing suit expert Steve Voyles as he prepares to be submerged in a 25-feet deep pool at the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Though no extravehicular activity (EVA) is planned for the mission, at least two astronauts are trained to perform tasks that would require a space walk in the event of failure of remote systems. In November, Tanner will join four other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist for a week and a half in space aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis. The flight will support the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission.

Astronaut Virgil Grissom and family at Patrick AFB airport

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-07-21

S61-03687 (21 July 1961) --- Astronaut Virgil I. (Gus) Grissom and his family are shown at the airport at Patrick Air Force Base facing a crowd of news media representatives. Grissom is speaking into microphones for the news media. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Gregory Jarvis during KC-135 zero gravity training

NASA Image and Video Library

1985-01-25

S85-26106 (25 Jan. 1985) --- Astronaut Gregory Jarvis gets a familiarization session in weightlessness aboard a KC-135 "zero gravity" aircraft. Jarvis was originally assigned as payload specialist to STS-51D but was reassigned to STS-51L. Photo credit: NASA

An Astronaut's View of Jewel-toned Lakes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2002-01-01

Astronauts onboard the International Space Station often observe small, otherwise unnoticed water bodies on the ground due to their unusual colors. For example, the Little Blue Run Dam and reservoir is located in western Pennsylvania, just south of the Ohio River. It is owned by Pennsylvania Power Company and used for industrial sludge impoundment. The materials suspended in the water give it a striking, turquoise color. Another lake with color linked commercial activity is Lake Gribben, just southeast of Palmer in Michigan's Upper Peninsula. Iron ore is extracted from New Richmond Mine visible just north of the lake. Images ISS004-E-10472 (Little Blue Run, April 4, 2002) and ISS004-E-10319 (Gribben, April 22, 2002) were provided by the Earth Sciences and Image Analysis Laboratory at Johnson Space Center. Additional images taken by astronauts and cosmonauts can be viewed at the NASA-JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth

iss031e150065

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-28

ISS031-E-150065 (28 June 2012) --- In the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1), Russian cosmonaut Oleg Kononenko (center), Expedition 31 commander; along with European Space Agency astronaut Andre Kuipers (left) and NASA astronaut Don Pettit, both flight engineers, pose for a photo after adding the Soyuz TMA-03M patch to the growing collection of insignias representing crews who have worked on the International Space Station.

Motivational profile of astronauts at the International Space Station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brcic, Jelena

2010-11-01

Research has demonstrated that the motive triad of needs for achievement, power, and affiliation can predict variables such as occupational success and satisfaction, innovation, aggressiveness, susceptibility to illness, cooperation, conformity, and many others. The present study documents the motivational profiles of astronauts at three stages of their expedition. Thematic content analysis was employed for references to Winter's well-established motive markers in narratives (media interviews, journals, and oral histories) of 46 astronauts participating in International Space Station (ISS) expeditions. Significant pre-flight differences were found in relation to home agency and job status. NASA astronauts, compared with those from the Russian Space Agency, are motivated by higher need for power, as are commanders in comparison to flight engineers. The need for affiliation motive showed a significant change from pre-flight to in-flight stages. The implications of the relationship between the motivational profile of astronauts and the established behavioural correlates of such profiles are discussed.

Women's History Month at NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-14

NASA Astronaut and Expeditions 23 and 24 Flight Engineer, Tracy Caldwell Dyson, speaks at a Women's History Month event at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, March 16, 2011 in Washington. The event entitled Women Inspiring the Next Generation to Reveal the Unknown is a joint venture with NASA and the White House Council on Women and Girls. Caldwell Dyson recently returned from a six-month stay aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Comparison of the mean quality factors for astronauts calculated using the Q-functions proposed by ICRP, ICRU, and NASA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, T.; Endo, A.; Niita, K.

2013-07-01

For the estimation of the radiation risk for astronauts, not only the organ absorbed doses but also their mean quality factors must be evaluated. Three functions have been proposed by different organizations for expressing the radiation quality, including the Q(L), Q(y), and QNASA(Z, E) relationships as defined in International Committee of Radiological Protection (ICRP) Publication 60, International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU) Report 40, and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) TP-2011-216155, respectively. The Q(L) relationship is the most simple and widely used for space dosimetry, but the use of the latter two functions enables consideration of the difference in the track structure of various charged particles during the risk estimation. Therefore, we calculated the mean quality factors in organs and tissues in ICRP/ICRU reference voxel phantoms for the isotropic exposure to various mono-energetic particles using the three Q-functions. The Particle and Heavy Ion Transport code System PHITS was employed to simulate the particle motions inside the phantoms. The effective dose equivalents and the phantom-averaged effective quality factors for the astronauts were then estimated from the calculated mean quality factors multiplied by the fluence-to-dose conversion coefficients and cosmic-ray fluxes inside a spacecraft. It was found from the calculations that QNASA generally gives the largest values for the phantom-averaged effective quality factors among the three Q-functions for neutron, proton, and lighter-ion irradiation, whereas Q(L) provides the largest values for heavier-ion irradiation. Overall, the introduction of QNASA instead of Q(L) or Q(y) in astronaut dosimetry results in the increase the effective dose equivalents because the majority of the doses are composed of the contributions from protons and neutrons, although this tendency may change by the calculation conditions.

The Graphical Representation of the Digital Astronaut Physiology Backbone

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Briers, Demarcus

2010-01-01

This report summarizes my internship project with the NASA Digital Astronaut Project to analyze the Digital Astronaut (DA) physiology backbone model. The Digital Astronaut Project (DAP) applies integrated physiology models to support space biomedical operations, and to assist NASA researchers in closing knowledge gaps related to human physiologic responses to space flight. The DA physiology backbone is a set of integrated physiological equations and functions that model the interacting systems of the human body. The current release of the model is HumMod (Human Model) version 1.5 and was developed over forty years at the University of Mississippi Medical Center (UMMC). The physiology equations and functions are scripted in an XML schema specifically designed for physiology modeling by Dr. Thomas G. Coleman at UMMC. Currently it is difficult to examine the physiology backbone without being knowledgeable of the XML schema. While investigating and documenting the tags and algorithms used in the XML schema, I proposed a standard methodology for a graphical representation. This standard methodology may be used to transcribe graphical representations from the DA physiology backbone. In turn, the graphical representations can allow examination of the physiological functions and equations without the need to be familiar with the computer programming languages or markup languages used by DA modeling software.

Astronauts Grissom and Young prepare to preform flight simulations

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-03-19

S65-21864 (19 March 1965) --- Astronauts Virgil I. Grissom (left), command pilot; and John W. Young, pilot, prepare to run Gemini-Titan 3 simulations in the Gemini mission simulator at Cape Kennedy, Florida. The NASA GT-3 flight was scheduled for March 23, 1965.

Closeup View - Astronaut John Glenn - Insertion - Mercury Capsule - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-01004 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury Atlas 6 (MA-6) mission, participates in Mercury egress training during MA-6 preflight preparations. Glenn made the free world's first manned Earth-orbital flight on Feb. 20, 1962. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John Glenn leaving crew quarters prior to launch

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-00222 (20 Feb. 1962) --- View of astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. and equipment specialist Joe Schmitt leaving crew quarters prior to Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) mission. Glenn is in his pressure suit and is carrying the portable ventilation unit. Photo credit: NASA

EXAMINATION - ASTRONAUT CARPENTER - SCHOOL OF AVIATION MEDICINE - PENSACOLA, FL

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-12-07

S61-04571 (1961) --- Astronaut M. Scott Carpenter's balance mechanism performance is tested as he walks a straight line by putting one foot directly in front of the other. He is performing this test at the School of Aviation Medicine, Pensicola, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

Space Station Astronauts Discuss Life in Space with Virginia Students

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-11-08

Aboard the International Space Station, Expedition 53 Commander Randy Bresnik and Flight Engineers Joe Acaba and Mark Vande Hei of NASA discussed life and scientific research aboard the orbital laboratory during an in-flight educational event Nov. 8 with students at the Pole Green Elementary School in Mechanicsville, Virginia. The three NASA astronauts are in various stages of their respective five-and-a-half-month missions on the complex.

Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut Challenge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lloyd, Charles W.

2016-01-01

The Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut Challenge was developed in 2011 to encourage proper exercise and nutrition at an early age by teaching young people to live and eat like space explorers. The strong correlation between an unhealthy childhood diet and adolescent fitness, and the onset of chronic diseases as an adult is the catalyst for Mission X. Mission X is dedicated to assisting people on a global scale to live healthier lifestyles and learn about human space exploration. The Mission X: Train Like an Astronaut 2015 (MX15) International Challenge hosted almost 40,000 children on 800 teams, 28 countries affiliated with 12 space agencies. The MX15 website included 17 languages. MX15, the fifth annual international fitness challenges sponsored by the NASA Human Research Program worked with the European Space Agency and other space agencies from around the world. In comparison to MX14, MX15 expanded to include four additional new countries, increased the number of students by approximately 68% and the number of teams by 29%. Chile' and South Korea participated in the new fall Astro Charlie Walk Around the Earth Challenge. Pre-challenge training materials were made more readily available from the website. South Korea completed a prospective assessment of the usability of the MX content for improving health and fitness in 212 preschool children and their families. Mission X is fortunate to have the support of the NASA, ESA and JAXA astronaut corps. In MX15, they participated in the opening and closing events as well as while on-board the International Space Station. Italian Astronaut Samantha Cristoretti participated as the MX15 Astronaut Ambassador for health and fitness providing the opening video and other videos from ISS. United Kingdom Astronaut Tim Peake and US Astronaut Kate Rubins have agreed to be the MX Ambassadors for 2016 and 2017 respectively. The MX15 International Working Group Face-to-Face meeting and Closing Event were held at the Agenzia Spaziale

Astronaut James A. McDivitt has blood pressure checked during preflight exam.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

S65-19524 (1 June 1965) --- Dr. Charles A. Berry, Chief of Center Medical Programs, Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC), Houston, prepares to check the blood pressure of astronaut James A. McDivitt, command pilot for the Gemini-Titan 4 space flight. McDivitt is on the tilt table at the Aero Medical Area, Merritt Island, where he and Astronaut Edward H. White II, GT-4 pilot, underwent pre-flight physicals in preparation for the 4-day, 62 revolution space flight. The two astronauts were declared in top physical condition. In the background is Dr. Gordon Benson, NASA physician at Cape Kennedy.

ASTRONAUT KERWIN, JOSEPH P. - EXTRAVEHICULAR ACTIVITY (EVA) - SKYLAB (SL)-2

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-06-01

S73-27562 (June 1973) --- Scientist-astronaut Joseph P. Kerwin, Skylab 2 science pilot, performs extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Skylab 1 and 2 space station cluster in Earth orbit, as seen in this reproduction taken from a color television transmission made by a TV camera aboard the station. Kerwin is just outside the Airlock Module. Kerwin assisted astronaut Charles Conrad Jr., Skylab 2 commander, during the successful EVA attempt to free the stuck solar array system wing on the Orbital Workshop. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut training manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coleman, E. A.

1980-01-01

Scientific information from previous space flights, space medicine, exercise physiology, and sports medicine was used to prepare a physical fitness manual suitable for use by members of the NASA astronaut population. A variety of scientifically valid exercise programs and activities suitable for the development of physical fitness are provided. Programs, activities, and supportive scientific data are presented in a concise, easy to read format so as to permit the user to select his or her mode of training with confidence and devote time previously spent experimenting with training routines to preparation for space flight. The programs and activities included were tested and shown to be effective and enjoyable.

Women's History Month at NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-03-14

NASA Astronaut and Expeditions 23 and 24 Flight Engineer, Tracy Caldwell Dyson, far left, speaks at a Women's History Month event at NASA Headquarters, Wednesday, March 16, 2011 in Washington. The event entitled Women Inspiring the Next Generation to Reveal the Unknown is a joint venture with NASA and the White House Council on Women and Girls. Caldwell Dyson recently returned from a six-month stay aboard the International Space Station. Photo Credit: (NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Astronaut Daniel T. Barry asleep in the middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1996-01-20

STS072-306-024 (11-20 Jan. 1996) --- Astronaut Daniel T. Barry sleeps on the middeck of the Earth-orbiting Space Shuttle Endeavour. The sleeping bag is considered advantageous primarily because it restricts movement in the microgravity environment, as Barry’s crew mates pointed out during a televised NASA briefing following the mission.

NASA Columbus Future Forum

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-02-20

The Ohio State University Vice President for Research Dr. Caroline Whitacre, standing right, moderates the first panel discussion during NASA's Future Forum with NASA Associate Administrator for Science Mission Directorate John Grunsfeld, left, Ohio State University Graduate Research Associate Vijay Gadepally, Sen. John Glenn, NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, and NASA 2009 Astronaut Candidate and Flight Surgeon Serena Auñón, seated right, at The Ohio State University on Monday, Feb. 20, 2012, in Columbus, Ohio. Monday marked the 50th anniversary of Glenn's historic flight as the first American to orbit Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

NASA Education Stakeholder's Summit

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-09-12

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, far right, gives keynote remarks at the NASA Education Stakeholders’ Summit One Stop Shopping Initiative (OSSI), Monday, Sep. 13, 2010, at the Westfields Marriott Conference Center in Chantilly, VA. Administrator Bolden is joined on the panel from left to right by Leland Melvin, Education Design Team Co-Chair and NASA Astronaut; William Kelly, Manager, Public Affairs, American Society for Engineering Education; Michael Lach, Special Assistant for STEM Education, U.S. Department of Education; Cora Marrett, Acting Director, National Science Foundation; and James Stofan, NASA Acting Associate Administrator for Education. (Photo Credit: NASA/Carla Cioffi)

Burbank closes the Node 2 Hatch

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-03-24

ISS030-E-173920 (24 March 2012) --- NASA astronaut Dan Burbank, Expedition 30 commander, closes a hatch in the International Space Station as crew members prepare to move to the appropriate Soyuz vehicles, due to the possibility that space debris could pass close to the station. NASA astronaut Don Pettit, flight engineer, is at left. Burbank, Shkaplerov and Ivanishin sheltered in the Soyuz TMA-22 spacecraft attached to the Poisk Mini-Research Module 2 (MRM2) while Kononenko, Kuipers and Pettit took to the Soyuz TMA-03M docked to the Rassvet Mini-Research Module 1 (MRM-1).

ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - TRAINING (WATER EGRESS) (GEMINI-TITAN [GT]-6 PILOT)(HEAD SHOT) - GULF

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-08-23

S65-43971 (23 Aug. 1965) --- Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 prime crew pilot, is pictured onboard the NASA Motor Vessel Retriever in the Gulf of Mexico during water egress training. Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr. (out of frame), prime crew command pilot, also took part in the training.

Astronaut David Brown poses with ComBBat team

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

Astronaut David Brown poses with members of the team known as ComBBat, representing Central Florida's Astronaut and Titusville high schools. ComBBat was teamed with Boeing at KSC and Brevard Community College. Students from all over the country are at the KSC Visitor Complex for the FIRST (For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology) Southeast Regional competition being held March 9-11 in the Rocket Garden. Teams of high school students are testing the limits of their imagination using robots they have designed, with the support of business and engineering professionals and corporate sponsors, to compete in a technological battle against other schools' robots. Of the 30 high school teams competing, 16 are Florida teams co-sponsored by NASA and KSC contractors. Local high schools participating are Astronaut, Bayside, Cocoa Beach, Eau Gallie, Melbourne, Melbourne Central Catholic, Palm Bay, Rockledge, Satellite, and Titusville.

Astronaut Edward White - Gemini IV Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-01-01

S65-30429 (3 June 1965) --- Astronaut Edward H. White II, pilot of the Gemini IV four-day Earth-orbital mission, floats in the zero gravity of space outside the Gemini IV spacecraft. White wears a specially designed spacesuit; and the visor of the helmet is gold plated to protect him against the unfiltered rays of the sun. He wears an emergency oxygen pack, also. He is secured to the spacecraft by a 25-feet umbilical line and a 23-feet tether line, both wrapped in gold tape to form one cord. In his right hand is a Hand-Held Self-Maneuvering Unit (HHSMU) with which he controls his movements in space. Astronaut James A. McDivitt, command pilot of the mission, remained inside the spacecraft. Photo credit: NASA EDITOR'S NOTE: Astronaut White died in the Apollo/Saturn 204 fire at Cape Kennedy on Jan. 27, 1967.

Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. working with control panel in Skylab simulation

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-02-01

S73-16765 (1 Feb. 1973) --- Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. is seen working with the control panels of the Skylab Orbital Workshop trainer during Skylab training at the Johnson Space Center. Photo credit: NASA

Whitson Receives Call from President Trump on This Week @NASA - April 28, 2017

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-04-28

On April 24 aboard the International Space Station, NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson set a new record for cumulative time spent in space by a U.S. astronaut. President Donald Trump marked the milestone with a call from the Oval Office, with First Daughter Ivanka Trump, and NASA astronaut Kate Rubins – to the station, where Whitson was joined by NASA’s Jack Fischer. Whitson, who in 2008 became the first woman to command the space station, also holds the record for most spacewalks by a female astronaut. NASA worked with the Department of Education, on behalf of the White House, to make the president’s call to the station available to schools across America. Whitson encouraged students to think about how the steps they take in the classroom today could someday help NASA make the next giant leap in space exploration. Also, First Live 4K Broadcast from Space, Kate Rubins Visits National Institutes of Health, Cassini Begins its Grand Finale, and 2017 Astrobiology Science Conference!

MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - ASTRONAUT COOPER - EARTH-SKY VIEW - TIBET

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-15

S63-06454 (15-16 May 1963) --- Tibetan Lake Country North of Katmandu, west of Ihasa, photographed from the Mercury-Atlas 9 (MA-9) capsule by astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr., during his 22-orbit MA-9 spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT CRIPPEN, ROBERT L. - PILOT - STS-1 - TRAINING - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1978-03-22

S79-25007 (13 Dec. 1978) --- Astronaut Robert L. Crippen, pilot for the first space shuttle orbital flight test (STS-1), is assisted by technicians prior to entering a water immersion facility (WIF) during a training session. The zero-gravity familiarization took place in the Johnson Space Center?s training and test center (Building 260). The WIF afford one of two ways to simulate the feeling of weightlessness experienced during space extravehicular activity (EVA), the other being inside aircraft flying a parabolic curve. Crippen will be joined by astronaut John W. Young for the STS-1 flight. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Ellen Ochoa in small life raft during training

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-06-28

S94-37520 (28 June 1994) --- Astronaut Ellen Ochoa, STS-66 payload commander, secures herself in a small life raft during an emergency bailout training exercise in the Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Weightless Environment Training Facility (WET-F). Making her second flight in space, Ochoa will join four other NASA astronauts and a European mission specialist for a week and a half in space aboard the Space Shuttle Atlantis in support of the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS-3) mission. Ochoa was a mission specialist on the ATLAS-2 mission in April of 1993.

Stennis hosts NASA Night in Oxford

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2010-01-01

A young visitor to the Powerhouse Community Arts and Cultural Center in Oxford, Miss., enjoys a balloon rocket transportation activity during a NASA Night in the Neighborhood on March 29. NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center near Bay St. Louis visited the center with a variety of space-related displays and educational activities. Events targeted for children included moon phasers and build-your-own rocket transportation exercises, as well as an astronaut ice cream tasting station. Visitors also were able to take photos in the astronaut suit display. Displays focused on the 40th anniversaries of the Apollo 11 and Apollo 13 lunar missions, the International Space Station, and various aspects of Stennis work. The event was sponsored by the NASA Office of External Affairs and Education at Stennis.

Colonoscopy Screening in the US Astronaut Corps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Masterova, K.; Van Baalen, M.; Wear, M. L.; Murray, J.; Schaefer, C.

2016-01-01

BACKGROUND: Historically, colonoscopy screenings for astronauts have been conducted to ensure that astronauts are in good health for space missions. Recently this historical data has been identified as being useful for developing an occupational surveillance requirement. It can be used to assess overall colon health and to have a point of reference for future tests in current and former astronauts, as well as to follow-up and track rates of colorectal cancer and polyps. These rates can be compared to military and other terrestrial populations. In 2003, the active astronaut colonoscopy requirements changed to require less frequent colonoscopies. Since polyp removal during a colonoscopy is an intervention that prevents the polyp from potentially developing into cancer, the procedure decreases the individual's risk for colon cancer. The objective of this study is to evaluate the possible effect of increased follow-up times between colonoscopies on the number and severity of polyps identified during the procedures among both current and former NASA astronauts. Initial results and forward work regarding astronaut colonoscopy screenings will be presented. METHODS: A retrospective study of all colonoscopy procedures performed on NASA astronauts between 1962 and 2015 (both during active career and retirement) was conducted by review of the JSC Clinic Electronic Medical Record and Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) database for colonoscopy screening procedures and pathology reports. The timeframe of interest was from the time of selection into the Astronaut Corps through May 2015 or death. For each colonoscopy report, the following data were captured: date of procedure, age at time of procedure, reason for procedure, quality of bowel prep, completion of procedure and/or reason for termination of procedure, findings of procedure, subsequent treatment (if any), recommended follow-up interval, actual follow up interval, family history of polyps or colon cancer

Astronaut Dale Gardner holds up for sale sign after EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1984-11-14

51A-104-049 (14 Nov. 1984) --- Astronaut Dale A. Gardner, having just completed the major portion of his second extravehicular activity (EVA) period in three days aboard the Earth-orbiting Discovery, holds up a for sale sign. Astronaut Joseph P. Allen IV, who also participated in the two EVA, is reflected in Gardner's helmet visor. A portion of each of two recovered satellites is in lower right corner, with Westar nearer Discovery's aft. Dr. Allen, standing on the mobile foot restraint, connected to the remote manipulator system. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jack Lousma seen outside Skylab space station during EVA

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-06

S73-31976 (5 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, is seen outside the Skylab space station in Earth orbit during the Aug. 5, 1973 Skylab 3 extravehicular activity (EVA) in this photographic reproduction taken from a television transmission made by a color TV camera aboard the space station. Scientist-astronaut Owen K. Garriott, Skylab 3 science pilot, participated in the EVA with Lousma. During the EVA the two crewmen deployed the twin pole solar shield to help shade the Orbital Workshop. Photo credit: NASA

Don Young | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Don Young Don Young Professional IV-ESH Don.Young@nrel.gov | 303-384-7144 Don Young is an EHS Professional at the NWTC. He received his B.S. from Colorado State University in Biological Science before

GORDON, RICHARD F., ASTRONAUT - MISC. - GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-XI - RECOVERY - FROGMEN - ATLANTIC

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-09-15

S66-50759 (15 Sept. 1966) --- Astronaut Richard F. Gordon Jr., pilot of the Gemini-11 spaceflight, is hoisted from the water by a recovery helicopter from the prime recovery ship USS Guam. Gemini-11 splashed down in the western Atlantic recovery area at 9 a.m. (EST), Sept. 15, 1966, to conclude the three-day mission in space. Astronaut Charles Conrad Jr. (out of frame) is the Gemini-11 command pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Jack Lousma participates in EVA to deploy twin pole solar shield

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-06

SL3-115-1833 (6 Aug. 1973) --- Astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, participates in the Aug. 6, 1973, extravehicular activity (EVA) during which he and astronaut Owen K. Garriott, science pilot, deployed the twin pole solar shield to help shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS). Note the striking reflection of the Earth in Lousma?s helmet visor. This photograph was taken with a 70mm hand-held Hasselblad camera. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John Glenn - Egress Training Activity - Langley AFB, VA

NASA Image and Video Library

1960-12-12

B60-00285 (1960) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury Atlas 6 spaceflight, emerges from an egress trainer during training activity at the Langley Research Center. He is attempting to transfer onto a life raft from the mock-up of the Mercury capsule. Photo credit: NASA

Studying - Astronaut John H. Glenn, Jr. - Mercury-Atlas (MA)-6 - Cape

NASA Image and Video Library

1961-01-01

S61-04546 (1961) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 6 (MA-6) "Friendship 7" mission, takes part in spacecraft systems briefing during preflight activity at Cape Canaveral, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

How To Get a Job Working for NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan

2011-01-01

In an informal meeting with students, I will give an overview of NASA and discuss who works for NASA: astronauts, scientists, engineers, managers and secretaries, and how they are selected, hired and employed. I will discuss the process for applying for NASA jobs, including student programs.

How to get a job working for NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Jonathan P.

2012-01-01

In an informal meeting with students, I will give an overview of NASA and discuss who works for NASA: astronauts, scientists, engineers, managers and secretaries, and how they are selected, hired and employed. I will discuss the process for applying for NASA jobs, including student programs.

Astronaut Eugene Cernan sits in Gemini boilerplate during water egress

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-04-09

S66-29559 (9 April 1966) --- Astronaut Eugene A. Cernan, prime crew pilot of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration?s Gemini-9 spaceflight, sits in Gemini Boiler-plate during water egress training activity in the Gulf of Mexico. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT STAFFORD, THOMAS P. - PLAQUES - JSC

NASA Image and Video Library

1975-02-01

S75-25823 (February 1975) --- Cosmonaut Aleksei A. Leonov (left) and astronaut Thomas P. Stafford display the Apollo Soyuz Test Project (ASTP) commemorative plaque. The two commanders, of their respective crews, are in the Apollo Command Module (CM) trainer at Building 35 at NASA's Johnson Space Center (JSC). Two plaques divided into four quarters each will be flown on the ASTP mission. The American ASTP Apollo crew will carry the four United States quarter pieces aboard Apollo; and the Soviet ASTP Soyuz 19 crew will carry the four USSR quarter sections aboard Soyuz. The eight quarter pieces will be joined together to form two complete commemorative plaques after the two spacecraft rendezvous and dock in Earth orbit. One complete plaque then will be returned to Earth by the astronauts; and the other complete plaque will be brought back by the cosmonauts. The plaque is written in both English and Russian. The Apollo crew will consist of astronauts Thomas P. Stafford, commander; Donald K. "Deke" Slayton, docking module pilot; Vance D. Brand, command module pilot. The Soyuz 19 crew will consist of cosmonauts Aleksei A. Leonov, command pilot; and Valeri N. Kubasov, flight engineer.

Space station astronauts discuss life in space during AGU interview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Showstack, Randy

2012-07-01

Just one day after China's Shenzhou-9 capsule, carrying three Chinese astronauts, docked with the Tiangong-1 space lab on 18 June, Donald Pettit, a NASA astronaut on the International Space Station (ISS), said it is “a step in the right direction” that more people are in space. “Before they launched, there were six people in space,” he said, referring to those on ISS, “and there are 7 billion people on Earth.” The astronauts were “like one in a billion. Now there are nine people in space,” Pettit said during a 19 June interview that he and two other astronauts onboard ISS had with AGU. Pettit continued, “So the gradient of human beings going into space is moving in the right direction. We need to change these numbers so that more and more human beings can call space their home so we can expand off of planet Earth and move out into our solar system.”

NASA Explorer School

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-11-08

The NASA Explorer School-East Oktibbeha County School District team recently celebrated the start of its three-year partnership with NASA during a two-part kickoff event Nov. 7 and 8. Pictured from left are, Oktibbeha County School District Superintendent Dr. Walter Conley; NES Team Administrator James Covington; Stennis Space Center Deputy Director Gene Goldman; Sharon Bonner; NES Team Lead Yolanda Magee; Andrea Temple; Carolyn Rice; and special guest astronaut Roger Crouch.

NASA Explorer School

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

The NASA Explorer School-East Oktibbeha County School District team recently celebrated the start of its three-year partnership with NASA during a two-part kickoff event Nov. 7 and 8. Pictured from left are, Oktibbeha County School District Superintendent Dr. Walter Conley; NES Team Administrator James Covington; Stennis Space Center Deputy Director Gene Goldman; Sharon Bonner; NES Team Lead Yolanda Magee; Andrea Temple; Carolyn Rice; and special guest astronaut Roger Crouch.

Astronauts Young and Collins during water egress training

NASA Image and Video Library

1966-06-18

S66-39699 (18 June 1966) --- Astronauts John W. Young (in water, nose of spacecraft), Gemini-10 command pilot, and Michael Collins (sitting on spacecraft), pilot, use Static Article 6 spacecraft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. A team of Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC) swimmers assisted in the training exercise. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT COOPER, GORDON L. - MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - BEECHCRAFT BONANZA - FL

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-01-01

S63-03989 (1963) --- Astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr., prime pilot for the Mercury Atlas 9 (MA-9) 22-orbit flight, stands by his privately owned Beechcraft Bonanza aircraft, at Patrick Air Base, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

President Nixon - Welcome - Apollo XI Astronauts - USS Hornet

NASA Image and Video Library

1969-07-24

S69-21365 (24 July 1969) --- United States President Richard M. Nixon was in the central Pacific recovery area to welcome the Apollo 11 astronauts aboard the USS Hornet, prime recovery ship for the historic Apollo 11 lunar landing mission. Already confined to the Mobile Quarantine Facility (MQF) are (left to right) Neil A. Armstrong, commander; Michael Collins, command module pilot; and Edwin E. Aldrin Jr., lunar module pilot. Apollo 11 splashed down at 11:49 a.m. (CDT), July 24, 1969, about 812 nautical miles southwest of Hawaii and only 12 nautical miles from the USS Hornet. The three crewmen will remain in the MQF until they arrive at the Manned Spacecraft Center's (MSC) Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL). While astronauts Armstrong and Aldrin descended in the Lunar Module (LM) "Eagle" to explore the Sea of Tranquility region of the moon, astronaut Collins remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) "Columbia" in lunar orbit. Photo credit: NASA

A NASA technician paints NASA's first Orion full-scale abort flight test crew module.

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-03-31

A full-scale flight-test mockup of the Constellation program's Orion crew vehicle arrived at NASA's Dryden Flight Research Center in late March 2008 to undergo preparations for the first short-range flight test of the spacecraft's astronaut escape system later that year. Engineers and technicians at NASA's Langley Research Center fabricated the structure, which precisely represents the size, outer shape and mass characteristics of the Orion space capsule. The Orion crew module mockup was ferried to NASA Dryden on an Air Force C-17. After painting in the Edwards Air Force Base paint hangar, the conical capsule was taken to Dryden for installation of flight computers, instrumentation and other electronics prior to being sent to the U.S. Army's White Sands Missile Range in New Mexico for integration with the escape system and the first abort flight test in late 2008. The tests were designed to ensure a safe, reliable method of escape for astronauts in case of an emergency.

Identifying the "Right Stuff": An Exploration-Focused Astronaut Job Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barrett, J. D.; Holland, A. W.; Vessey, W. B.

2015-01-01

Industrial and organizational (I/O) psychologists play a key role in NASA astronaut candidate selection through the identification of the competencies necessary to successfully engage in the astronaut job. A set of psychosocial competencies, developed by I/O psychologists during a prior job analysis conducted in 1996 and updated in 2003, were identified as necessary for individuals working and living in the space shuttle and on the International Space Station (ISS). This set of competencies applied to the space shuttle and applies to current ISS missions, but may not apply to longer-duration or long-distance exploration missions. With the 2015 launch of the first 12- month ISS mission and the shift in the 2020s to missions beyond low earth orbit, the type of missions that astronauts will conduct and the environment in which they do their work will change dramatically, leading to new challenges for these crews. To support future astronaut selection, training, and research, I/O psychologists in NASA's Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Operations and Research groups engaged in a joint effort to conduct an updated analysis of the astronaut job for current and future operations. This project will result in the identification of behavioral competencies critical to performing the astronaut job, along with relative weights for each of the identified competencies, through the application of job analysis techniques. While this job analysis is being conducted according to job analysis best practices, the project poses a number of novel challenges. These challenges include the need to identify competencies for multiple mission types simultaneously, to evaluate jobs that have no incumbents as they have never before been conducted, and working with a very limited population of subject matter experts. Given these challenges, under the guidance of job analysis experts, we used the following methods to conduct the job analysis and identify the key competencies for current and

NASA Information Summaries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mar, May 1987, 1988

1988-01-01

This document consists of 11 "NASA Information Summaries" grouped together: (1) "Our Planets at a Glance" (PMS-010); (2) "Space Shuttle Mission Summary: 1985-1986" (PMS-005); (3) "Astronaut Selection and Training" (PMS-019); (4) "Space Station" (PMS-008); (5) "Materials Processing in…

Astronaut Sally K. Ride outside of shuttle mission simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-05-26

S83-32890 (23 May 1983) --- Astronaut Sally K. Ride, STS-7 mission specialist, stands near the Shuttle Mission Simulator (SMS) in Johnson Space Center's (JSC) Mission Simulation and Training Facility with suit specialist Alan M. Rochford after simulation of various phases of the upcoming STS-7 flight. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John Glenn looks over checklist during MA-6 preflight activity

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S62-01000 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 6 "Friendship 7" mission, looks over a checklist during MA-6 preflight activity. He is wearing his Mercury spacesuit. Photo credit: NASA

Skylab Astronaut participates in EVA to deploy twin pole solar shield

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-06

SL3-118-2182 (6 Aug. 1973) --- Skylab 3 astronaut participates in the Aug. 6, 1973 extravehicular activity (EVA) during which the twin pole solar shield was deployed to help shade the Orbital Workshop (OWS). Photo credit: NASA

Current Psychological Support for US astronauts on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sipes, Walter; Fiedler, Edna

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation describes the psychological support services that are offered to the United States astronauts on the International Space Station (ISS). The contents include: 1) Operational Psychology; 2) NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operation (NEEMO); and 3) ISS.

48 CFR 1823.7001 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA solicitation..., RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Safety and Health 1823.7001 NASA..., astronauts and pilots, the NASA workforce (including contractor employees working on NASA contracts), or high...

48 CFR 1823.7001 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA solicitation..., RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Safety and Health 1823.7001 NASA..., astronauts and pilots, the NASA workforce (including contractor employees working on NASA contracts), or high...

48 CFR 1823.7001 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA solicitation..., RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Safety and Health 1823.7001 NASA..., astronauts and pilots, the NASA workforce (including contractor employees working on NASA contracts), or high...

48 CFR 1823.7001 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA solicitation..., RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Safety and Health 1823.7001 NASA..., astronauts and pilots, the NASA workforce (including contractor employees working on NASA contracts), or high...

48 CFR 1823.7001 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA solicitation..., RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES, OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, AND DRUG-FREE WORKPLACE Safety and Health 1823.7001 NASA..., astronauts and pilots, the NASA workforce (including contractor employees working on NASA contracts), or high...

Astronaut Frank Borman during training exercise in Apollo Mission simulator

NASA Image and Video Library

1967-08-01

S67-50590 (1867) --- Astronaut Frank Borman, assigned duty as commander of the Apollo 8 mission, participates in a training exercise in the Apollo Mission simulator in the Mission Simulation and training Facility, Building 5, at the Manned Spacecraft Center, Houston, Texas. Photo credit: NASA

MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-9 - ASTRONAUT COOPER - EARTH-SKY VIEW - INDIA

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-05-16

S63-06445 (15-16 May 1963) --- View of the Himalaya Mountain Range in the India-Nepal-Tibet border area, as photographed from the Mercury-Atlas 9 capsule by astronaut L. Gordon Cooper Jr., during his 22-orbit MA-9 spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

ASTRONAUT THOMAS P. STAFFORD - TRAINING (WATER EGRESS) (GT-6 PILOT)

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-08-23

S65-43954 (23 Aug. 1965) --- Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini-6 prime crew pilot, climbs out of a boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. A NASA swimmer in the water nearby assists in the exercise.

What it takes to Fly in Space...Training to be an Astronaut and Daily Operations on ISS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ham, Michelle

2009-01-01

This presentation highlights NASA requirements to become an astronaut, training astronauts must do to fly on the International Space Station (ISS), systems and other training, and day-to-day activities onboard ISS. Additionally, stowage, organization and methods of communication (email, video conferenceing, IP phone) are discussed.

Astronaut Thomas Jones anchored to bunk facility while working on computer

NASA Image and Video Library

1994-04-14

STS059-10-011 (9-20 April 1994) --- Astronaut Thomas D. Jones appears to have climbed out of bed right into his work in this onboard 35mm frame. Actually, Jones had anchored himself in the bunk facility while working on one of the onboard computers which transfered data to the ground via modem. The mission specialist was joined in space by five other NASA astronauts for a week and a half of support to the Space Radar Laboratory (SRL-1)/STS-59 mission.

Compression Stockings May Ameliorate Orthostatic Intolerance in Astronauts After Short-Duration Space Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Platts, Steven H.; Lee, Stuart M. C.; Westby, Christian M.; Ribeiro, L. Christine; Stenger, Michael B.

2011-01-01

Orthostatic intolerance following spaceflight has been observed since the early days of manned spaceflight, and no countermeasure has been 100% effective. During re-entry NASA astronauts currently wear an inflatable anti-gravity suit (AGS) which compresses the legs and abdomen, but this device is uncomfortable and loses effectiveness upon egress from the Space Shuttle. We previously reported that foot-to-thigh, gradient compression stockings were comfortable and effective during standing after Shuttle missions. More recently we showed in a ground-based model of spaceflight that the addition of splanchnic compression to the foot-to-thigh compression stockings, creating foot-to-breast high compression, improved orthostatic tolerance in hypovolemic subjects to a level similar to the AGS. Purpose: To evaluate a new three-piece, foot-to-breast high gradient compression garment as a countermeasure to post-spaceflight orthostatic intolerance. Methods: Fourteen astronauts completed this experiment (7 control, 7 treatment) following Space Shuttle missions lasting 12-16 days. Treatment subjects were custom-fitted for a three-piece, foot-to-breast high compression garment consisting of shorts and foot-to-thigh stockings. The garments were constructed to provide 55 mmHg compression at the ankle and decreased gradually to 15 mmHg over the abdomen. Orthostatic testing occurred 30 days before flight (without garments) and 2 hours after flight (with garments for treatment group only) on landing day. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were acquired for 2 minutes while the subject lay prone and then for 3.5 minutes after the subject stood. Data are reported as mean +/- SE. Results: The compression garment successfully prevented the tachycardia and hypotension typically seen post-spaceflight. On landing day, treatment subjects had a smaller change in HR (11+/-1 vs. 21+/-4 beats/min, p< or =0.05) and no decrease in systolic BP (2+/-4 vs. -9+/-2 mmHg, p< or =0.05). Garments also

Astronaut Thomas Stafford during water egress training in Gulf of Mexico

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Astronaut Thomas P. Stafford, Gemini 6 prime crew pilot, climbs out of a boilerplate model of a Gemini spacecraft during water egress training in the Gulf of Mexico. A NASA swimmer in the water nearby assists in the exercise.

Planetary Science Training for NASA's Astronauts: Preparing for Future Human Planetary Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bleacher, J. E.; Evans, C. A.; Graff, T. G.; Young, K. E.; Zeigler, R.

2017-02-01

Astronauts selected in 2017 and in future years will carry out in situ planetary science research during exploration of the solar system. Training to enable this goal is underway and is flexible to accommodate an evolving planetary science vision.

Astronaut Jack Lousma in Lower Body Negative Pressure Device

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-08-09

S73-34180 (7 Aug. 1973) --- A medium close-up view of astronaut Jack R. Lousma, Skylab 3 pilot, in the Lower Body Negative Pressure Device (LBNPD), as astronaut Alan L. Bean, commander, works around the leg band area. This portion of the LBNPD MO-92 experiment was televised on Aug. 7, 1973. The LBNPD experiment is to provide information concerning the time course of cardiovascular adaptation during flight, and to provide in-flight data for predicting the degree of orthostatic intolerence and impairment of physical capacity to be expected upon returning to Earth environment. The bicycle ergometer is in the background, partially visible behind Bean. Photo credit: NASA

Benefit from NASA

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

Firefighters are like astronauts. They both face dangerous, even hostile environments such as a building full of fire and the vacuum of space. They are both get breathing air from tanks on their backs. Early in the 1970's, NASA began working to improve firefighter breathing systems, which had hardly changed since the 1940s. NASA's Johnson Space Center conducted a 4-year program that applied technology from the portable life support systems used by Apollo astronauts on the moon. The new breathing system is made up of an air bottle, a frame and harness, a face mask, and a warning device. The new system weighs less than 20 pounds, one-third less than the old gear. The new air bottle provides 30 minutes of breathing air, as much as the old system. Like a good hiker's backpack, the new system puts the weight on the firefighter's hips rather than the shoulders. The face mask provides better visibility and the warning device lets the firefighter know when air in the bottle is low. Though they have made many design modifications and refinements, manufacturers of breathing apparatus still incorporate the original NASA technology.

Two ESA astronauts named to early Hubble Space Telescope servicing mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1999-03-01

Nicollier and three NASA astronauts, who had already been training for a Hubble servicing mission planned for June 2000, have been reassigned to this earlier mission (STS-103). Jean-Francois Clervoy and two other NASA astronauts will complete the STS-103 crew. The repairs and maintenance of the telescope will require many hours spent working outside the Shuttle and will make extensive use of the Shuttle's robotic arm Nicollier, of Swiss nationality and making his fourth flight, will be part of the team that will perform the "spacewalks". An astronomer by education, he took part in the first Hubble servicing mission (STS-61) in 1993, controlling the Shuttle's robotic arm while astronauts on the other end of the arm performed the delicate repairs to the telescope. He also served on STS-46 in 1992 using the robotic arm to deploy ESA's Eureca retrievable spacecraft from the Shuttle, and on STS-75 with the Italian Tethered Satellite System in 1996. Nicollier is currently the chief of the robotics branch in NASA's astronaut office and ESA's lead astronaut in Houston. Jean-Francois Clervoy, of French nationality and making his third flight, will have the lead role in the operation of the robotic arm for this mission. He previously served on STS-66 in 1994 using the robotic arm to deploy and later retrieve the German CRISTA-SPAS atmospheric research satellite, and on STS-84 in 1997, a Shuttle mission to the Russian Mir space station. The other STS-103 crewmembers are: Commander Curtis Brown, pilot Scott Kelly, and mission specialists Steven Smith, Michael Foale and John Grunsfeld. During the flight, the astronauts will replace Hubble's failing pointing system, which allows the telescope to aim at stars, planets and other targets, and install other equipment that will be ready for launch at that time. A second mission to complete the previously-scheduled Hubble refurbishment work is foreseen at a later date. The crew for that mission has not yet been assigned. The Hubble

China watches as NASA falters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williamson, Mark

2010-04-01

US President Barack Obama slammed the brakes on NASA in February with a 2011 budget proposal to Congress that will, if approved, cancel plans to return to the Moon by 2020 that had been announced by Obama's predecessor George W Bush in 2004. Known as the Constellation programme, it included the Ares I and Ares V launch vehicles for low Earth orbit (LEO) and planetary missions, and the Orion capsule that would have carried astronauts to the Moon and beyond. Although the impact of the proposal is still unclear, it could be as important for NASA as John F Kennedy's famous speech to Congress on 25 May 1961, in which he announced plans to send astronauts to the Moon by the end of the decade.

T-38 A- AIRCRAFT (NASA 924)

NASA Image and Video Library

1983-12-07

S82-28952 (1 April 1982) --- Crew members from STS-2 and STS-4 meet with the recently returned STS-3 astronauts for a debriefing session at the Johnson Space Center. Taking notes at bottom left foreground is astronaut John W. Young, STS-1 commander and chief of the Astronaut Office at JSC. Clockwise around the table, beginning with Young, are George W. S. Abbey, JSC Director of Flight Operations; and astronauts Joe E. Engle, STS-2 commander; Henry W. Hartsfield Jr., STS-4 pilot; C. Gordon Fullerton, STS-3 pilot; Jack R. Lousma, STS-3 commander; Thomas K. (Ken) Mattingly, STS-4 commander; and Richard H. Truly, STS-2 pilot. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut John Glenn inspects decal for side of his Mercury capsule

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-02

S64-14854 (20 Feb. 1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr. and technicians inspect a decal ready for application to the side of his Mercury spacecraft prior to launch on Feb. 20, 1962. The decal reads "Friendship 7". Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Walter Schirra leaves Hanger "S" prior to MA-8 flight

NASA Image and Video Library

1963-12-01

S63-00695 (3 Oct. 1962) --- Astronaut Walter M. Schirra Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 8 (MA-8) Earth-orbital spaceflight, leaves Hanger "S" at Cape Canaveral on his way to his scheduled Oct. 3, 1962 flight. Photo credit: NASA

Astronaut Alan Bean during news conference prior to Skylab 3 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1973-06-29

S73-30113 (30 June 1973) --- Astronaut Alan L. Bean, Skylab 3 commander, ponders a question from a newsman during the premission press conference on June 30, 1973, in the Building 1 large auditorium at Johnson Space Center. Photo credit: NASA

GEMINI-TITAN (GT)-9 TEST - ASTRONAUT EUGENE A. WHITE -- PERSONAL - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1964-06-03

S66-34051 (3 June 1966) --- Astronauts Thomas P. Stafford and Eugene A. Cernan arrive in the White Room atop Pad 19 at the Kennedy Space Center in preparation for the launch of the Gemini-9 spaceflight. Photo credit: NASA

The NASA Space Shuttle Earth Observations Office

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helfert, Michael R.; Wood, Charles A.

1989-01-01

The NASA Space Shuttle Earth Observations Office conducts astronaut training in earth observations, provides orbital documentation for acquisition of data and catalogs, and analyzes the astronaut handheld photography upon the return of Space Shuttle missions. This paper provides backgrounds on these functions and outlines the data constraints, organization, formats, and modes of access within the public domain.

Protecting Astronaut Medical Privacy: Review of Presentations and Publications for Attributability

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wear, M. L.; Charvat, J. M.; Lee, L. R.; Babiak-Vazquez, A.; Mason, S. S.; Van Baalen, M.

2018-01-01

Retrospective research and medical data collected on astronauts can be a valuable resource for researchers. This data can be requested from two separate NASA Archives. The Lifetime Surveillance of Astronaut Health (LSAH) holds astronaut medical data, and the Life Sciences Data Archive (LSDA) holds research data. One condition of use of astronaut research and medical data is the requirement that all abstracts, publications and presentations using this data must be reviewed for attributability. All final versions of abstracts, presentations, posters, and manuscripts must be reviewed by LSDA/LSAH prior to submission to a conference, journal, or other entities outside the Principal Investigator (PI) laboratory [including the NASA Export Control Document Availability Authorization (DAA) system]. If material undergoes multiple revisions (e.g., journal editor comments), the new versions must also be reviewed by LSDA/LSAH prior to re-submission to the journal. The purpose of this review is to ensure that no personally identifiable information (PII) is included in materials that are presented in a public venue or posted to the public domain. The procedures for submitting materials for review will be outlined. The process that LSAH/LSDA follows for assessing attributability will be presented. Characteristics and parameter combinations that often prompt attributability concerns will be identified. A published case report for a National Football League (NFL) player will be used to demonstrate how, in a population of public interest, a combination of information can result in inadvertent release of private or sensitive information.

Apollo 1 Astronaut Roger Chaffee

NASA Image and Video Library

1965-11-17

Astronaut Roger Chaffee on the Reduced Gravity Walking Simulator located at the Lunar Landing Facility. The purpose of this simulator was to study the subject while walking, jumping or running. Researchers conducted studies of various factors such as fatigue limit, energy expenditure, and speed of locomotion. A.W. Vigil, described the simulator as follows: "When the astronauts land on the moon they will be in an unfamiliar environment involving, particularly, a gravitational field only one-sixth as strong as on earth. A novel method of simulating lunar gravity has been developed and is supported by a puppet-type suspension system at the end of a long pendulum. A floor is provided at the proper angle so that one-sixth of the subject's weight is supported by the floor with the remainder being supported by the suspension system. This simulator allows almost complete freedom in vertical translation and pitch and is considered to be a very realistic simulation of the lunar walking problem. For this problem this simulator suffers only slightly from the restrictions in lateral movement it puts on the test subject. This is not considered a strong disadvantage for ordinary walking problems since most of the motions do, in fact, occur in the vertical plane. However, this simulation technique would be severely restrictive if applied to the study of the extra-vehicular locomotion problem, for example, because in this situation complete six degrees of freedom are rather necessary. This technique, in effect, automatically introduces a two-axis attitude stabilization system into the problem. The technique could, however, be used in preliminary studies of extra-vehicular locomotion where, for example, it might be assumed that one axis of the attitude control system on the astronaut maneuvering unit may have failed." -- Published in James R. Hansen, Spaceflight Revolution: NASA Langley Research Center From Sputnik to Apollo, NASA SP-4308, p. 377; A.W. Vigil, "Discussion of Existing

Astronaut John Glenn running as part of physical training program

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-02-20

S64-14883 (1962) --- Astronaut John H. Glenn Jr., pilot of the Mercury-Atlas 6 mission, participates in a strict physical training program, as he exemplifies by frequent running. Here he pauses during an exercise period on the beach near Cape Canaveral, Florida. Photo credit: NASA

INSERTION - ASTRONAUT CARPENTER - MERCURY-ATLAS (MA)-7 - CAPE

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-05-24

S62-02846 (24 May 1962) --- Project Mercury astronaut M. Scott Carpenter, prime pilot for the Mercury-Atlas 7 (MA-7) mission, is assisted into the MA-7 spacecraft by techicians at Launch Pad 14, Cape Canaveral, Florida. MA-7 is the United States? second attempt in orbital flight around Earth. The spacecraft was designated the ?Aurora? 7. Photo credit: NASA

Astronauts of Mission STS-120 visit Stennis Space Center

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-12-13

Astronaut Pam Melroy presents a commemorative collage of photos and items flown aboard space shuttle Discovery to Bob Cabana, director of NASA's Stennis Space Center in South Mississippi. Melroy commanded NASA's space shuttle mission STS-120. She and fellow crewmembers (from left) Doug Wheelock, Stephanie Wilson, George Zamka, Scott Parazynski and Paolo Nespoli visited Stennis Dec. 13, 2007, to thank employees for the reliability and safe performance of the space shuttle's main engines, which on Oct. 23 launched them aboard Discovery on their mission to the International Space Station.

Astronauts of Mission STS-120 visit Stennis Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)