Sample records for national digestive diseases
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76 FR 11501 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-02
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the....niddk.nih.gov . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases... of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel...
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76 FR 30733 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition C Subcommittee. Date... Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National...
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78 FR 9063 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee... . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and... Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-31
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and... . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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78 FR 56906 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B..., [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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75 FR 3741 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee..., [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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75 FR 56117 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group, Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee.... [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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77 FR 28890 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-05-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee..., [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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78 FR 28859 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic....niddk.nih.gov . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition... grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard...
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78 FR 55086 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, including consideration of personnel qualifications... INSTITUTE OF DIABETES AND DIGESTIVE AND KIDNEY DISEASES, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF HEALTH, BUILDING 5, ROOM B104...
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77 FR 50518 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-21
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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76 FR 16432 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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78 FR 76632 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-18
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council...
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77 FR 2075 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-13
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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75 FR 49940 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council...
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76 FR 45587 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-29
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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78 FR 22272 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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78 FR 3903 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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78 FR 48455 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-08
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. The meetings will be open to the public as... privacy. Name of Committee: National Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-29
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-29
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-17
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-31
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... of Diabetes and Digestive And Kidney Diseases, including consideration of personnel qualifications..., Ph.D., Scientific Director, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Career Awards Review. Date... cycle. Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, including consideration of personnel qualifications..., National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892. 301-496-6844...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-04
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Seeding Team Science in Diabetes... cycle. Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-21
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK KUH-Fellowship Review. Date... . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Renal Supportive Care Studies. Date... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Diverse...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-06
... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Liver PPG Application. Date... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Nutrition Obesity...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR-09-247: NIDDK Ancillary Studies to... Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-02
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR11-349 Research Using Subjects from... cycle. Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DEM Fellowship Grant....niddk.nih.gov . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; RFA-DK11-014 Professional Society... Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Member...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-30
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel HALT-PKD DCC. Date: October 17, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ancillary Study (R01). Date: April 1... Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Genetic and Lifestyle Factors and Risk... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Effects of...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-08
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK KUH-Fellowship Review. Date: June... . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special, Emphasis Panel; Symptoms of Lower Urinary [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Cardiovascular Dysfunction in CKD... Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Autoimmune Microbiome in Diabetes... Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Genetic and Metabolic Fingerprints of.... (301) 594-3993. [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Alagille Syndrome Ancillary Studies...) 594-7799, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, DEM Fellowship Reviews. Date: January 31..., [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR09-247 Ancillary Clinical Studies... review and funding cycle. Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Renal Supportive Care Studies. Date... Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-10
... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and Nutrition. Date: June 13, 2013. Time... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Glucose Regulation. Date: June 5, 2013... Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Pathogenic Mechanisms in UTI...) 594-7799, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-06
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Acute Liver Failure Study. Date: July 22... Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-23
... meeting will focus on ``Diabetes, Dementia, and Alzheimer's Disease.'' Any member of the public interested... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee... Coordinating Committee, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 31 Center Drive...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-29
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Teddy Coordinating Center. Date: August... Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-14
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Multi-Center Clinical Study... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-02
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Study in Necrotizing... Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-30
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Central Repositories Non-Renewable... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Patient Safety Ancillary..., Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: February 9...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-31
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Seeding R24 Applications on... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Research. Date... Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Studies to the Intestinal Stem... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel--Translational Research. Date: September..., Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: August 13...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Liver Tissue and Cell Distribution... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Acute Kidney Injury. Date: June 6, 2013..., Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: April 9...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-17
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK UDA Contract Proposal Review. Date... Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Cellular Biology of Kidney Function and... Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-13
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Special Emphasis Panel; Long Term Follow-up of Preserve Trial... Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-01
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Noninvasive Imaging of Beta Cells. Date... Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-27
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Research. Date...-2542, (301) 594-8898, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-12
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special; Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Applications... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...-2542, (301) 594-8898, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-08
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Beta-Cell Function and Cognition. Date...-5452, (301) 402-7172, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Diabetes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-31
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 1, 2013, 8:00 a.m. to October 2, 2013, 5:00 p.m., the Melrose Hotel, 2430 Pennsylvania...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Clinical Studies Review... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Mechanisms of Upper Gut and Airway Interaction-Program Project Grant. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Multi-Center Clinical Trial Review. Date... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-06
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee, October 20, 2010, 5...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-04
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B Subcommittee, October 16, 2013, 05...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-06
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Trial Review Meeting. Date: May... Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes of Health...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-25
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Nutrition and Metabolism-Related... grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-18
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of [[Page 63844
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... this page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/007447.htm Digestive diseases To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Digestive diseases are disorders of the digestive tract, which ...
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75 FR 4830 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases;
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-29
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel. Predictors of Genitourinary Disorders... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Small Grant Program. Date: March 12, 2010. Time: 2 p.m...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-02
... Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium (ISCC). Date: December 1, 2011. Time: 1 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. Agenda: To review... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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78 FR 58322 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition C Subcommittee. Date...; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology...
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76 FR 20692 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-13
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B... and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-06
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Digestive Diseases Ancillary Study. Date..., Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel. Kidney Disease Ancillary...
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76 FR 24897 - National Institute of Diabetes And Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-03
... Diabetes And Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group, Kidney, Urologic and Hematologic Diseases D Subcommittee..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK Interconnectivity Network. Date... and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Digestive Diseases Program Projects. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel Interdisciplinary Training and Education..., Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Liver Disease and Transplantation... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Urinary Tract Dysfunction P01...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-25
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; LURN Telephone Review Panel. Date... and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-10
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Liver Disease Ancillary Studies. Date... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Microbiota and Immunity Program Projects. Date: April...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-28
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Research. Date... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Kidney Disease Ancillary...
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77 FR 3479 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-24
... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Initial Review Group; Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases B... Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, DEM Fellowship Review. Date...; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-03
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR11-306: NIDDK Central Repositories..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-02
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PKA and PKC Targeting Mechanisms. Date...; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special; Emphasis Panel, Islet Transplant. Date: July 24, 2012..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Study on Genetics of Obesity..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Kidney Diseases in Children Ancillary... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, DDK-C Conflicts. Date: November 16, 2010...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-27
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Chronic Kidney Disease in Children. Date... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the..., Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Review of U34 Clinical Trial Planning... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Review of U34 Clinical Trial... Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, LRP Reviews. Date: May 7, 2010. Time: 2..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-10
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; U34 Clinical Study Planning Grants. Date..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; George M. O'Brien Kidney..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Bariatric Surgery-- Related Ancillary... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Regulatory Mechanisms in...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-23
... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR09-247 Ancillary Clinical Studies of Interest to... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Nutrition and Metabolism.... 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-08
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Biomarkers for AKI and CKD. Date... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Pharmacogenomics or Metformin. Date: September 27...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-12
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Liver Cell Membrane Proteins. Date... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the..., Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-06
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Urogenital Development Program Project... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Urolithiasis Planning Grant. Date: July...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-13
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK DEM Fellowship Review. Date... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Artificial Pancreas Review...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Genetics of Nephropathy Ancillary... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Consortium for Radiologic...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Collaborative... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK DEM Fellowships. Date: June 14-15...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DCC MAPP Network. Date: June 12, 2013... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Bioengineering Interdisciplinary Training for...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-01
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Metabolic Dysfunction Collaborative... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; CAMUS Trial. Date: April 2...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Diabetic Nephropathy Ancillary Studies... and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; T2 Diabetes Ancillary Study. Date: December...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-01
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Diabetes Biomarkers Ancillary Studies... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Ancillary Studies. Date: March 30, 2011. Time...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-28
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Applications... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Translational Research. Date: January 17... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK-KUH Fellowship...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-14
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ancillary Studies Review. Date: April 4..., Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special; Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Life-Moms Phoenix Contract Review..., Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DDN Fellowship Panel. Date: June 17... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK KUH-Fellowship Review. Date: June...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Ancillary R01 Studies on Liver... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Diabetic Ketoacidosis. Date: September...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Genetics Ancillary Study. Date: June 17... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Epidemiology of Diabetes. Date: August 2, 2011. Time...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Special Emphasis Panel for R01... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Liver Ancillary Studies. Date: December...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Clinical Studies of Interest... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, The NIDDK Conflict Telephone SEP. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK Sample Repositories... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; RFA DK-12-504: The...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Study on Energy Balance and... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Planning Grants for Better CKD Outcomes...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Trial Planning Grants in Type 1... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK IBD Genetics... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR09-247 Ancillary Studies in... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; George M. O'Brien Kidney Research Core...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-14
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK Ancillary RO1 Telephone Review SEP... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK PO1 Telephone Review SEP. Date: November 29...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR-12-265: NIDDK Ancillary Studies... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DDK-D Member Conflict of Interest SEP...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-03
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR13-228: Biomarkers for Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney and Urologic Diseases using Repository Biosamples. Date: February 20, 2014. Time: 2:00 p.m...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-29
... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Stone Repeat. Date: February 25, 2013. Time: 6:00 p.m... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Renal Transport Program Projects. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-26
... Panel; Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Date: June 22, 2011. Time: 8:30 a.m. to 5 p.m... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DEM Fellowships. Date: June 15-16, 2011..., Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition [[Page 23326...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-18
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Trials in Type 1 Diabetes (UC4... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Trials in Type 1... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Advisory Council. Date: September 16, 2013. Time: 3:00 p.m. to 4... and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 6707 Democracy Blvd. Room 715, Msc 5452, Bethesda, MD 20892, (301...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-07
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Clinical Trial Cooperative Agreement... Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-02
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special, Emphasis Panel. Clinical Trial Planning Grant Review... Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-22
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel: Genetic and Lifestyle Factors and Risk... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Domestic Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-13
... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Studies to Major Ongoing Clinical Studies CKD. Date: January 9... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Nutrition Obesity Research... and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-19
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney and Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; RFA-DK-13-008 USRDS Special Study... Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and...
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Akolkar, Beena; Spain, Lisa M.; Guill, Michael H.; Del Vecchio, Corey T.; Carroll, Leslie E.
2015-01-01
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Central Repositories, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), are an important resource available to researchers and the general public. The Central Repositories house samples, genetic data, phenotypic data, and study documentation from >100 NIDDK-funded clinical studies, in areas such as diabetes, digestive disease, and liver disease research. The Central Repositories also have an exceptionally rich collection of studies related to kidney disease, including the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease landmark study and recent data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort and CKD in Children Cohort studies. The data are carefully curated and linked to the samples from the study. The NIDDK is working to make the materials and data accessible to researchers. The Data Repositories continue to improve flexible online searching tools that help researchers identify the samples or data of interest, and NIDDK has created several different paths to access the data and samples, including some funding initiatives. Over the past several years, the Central Repositories have seen steadily increasing interest and use of the stored materials. NIDDK plans to make more collections available and do more outreach and education about use of the datasets to the nephrology research community in the future to enhance the value of this resource. PMID:25376765
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Rasooly, Rebekah S; Akolkar, Beena; Spain, Lisa M; Guill, Michael H; Del Vecchio, Corey T; Carroll, Leslie E
2015-04-07
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) Central Repositories, part of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), are an important resource available to researchers and the general public. The Central Repositories house samples, genetic data, phenotypic data, and study documentation from >100 NIDDK-funded clinical studies, in areas such as diabetes, digestive disease, and liver disease research. The Central Repositories also have an exceptionally rich collection of studies related to kidney disease, including the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease landmark study and recent data from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort and CKD in Children Cohort studies. The data are carefully curated and linked to the samples from the study. The NIDDK is working to make the materials and data accessible to researchers. The Data Repositories continue to improve flexible online searching tools that help researchers identify the samples or data of interest, and NIDDK has created several different paths to access the data and samples, including some funding initiatives. Over the past several years, the Central Repositories have seen steadily increasing interest and use of the stored materials. NIDDK plans to make more collections available and do more outreach and education about use of the datasets to the nephrology research community in the future to enhance the value of this resource. Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Nephrology.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR-09-247 Ancillary Clinical Studies in... Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-25
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Diabetes Immunology Ancillary Studies... Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Diabetes Epidemiology Ancillary Study. Date: October 13, 2010...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-26
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Type 1 Diabetes Mouse Resource. Date... and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; IBD Genetics Consortium Data Coordinating Center. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-21
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Novel Therapies for NIDDM P01... Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Ancillary Studies to major ongoing Clinical Research Studies in...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-14
... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Teen-LABS. Date: July 15, 2011. Time: 2 p.m. to 2 p.m... Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-13
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Adherence Studies in Adolescents with Chronic Diseases: Kidney, Urologic or Diabetes (R01). Date: January 10, 2011. Time: 8 a.m. to...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Chronic Pelvic Pain Clinical Study. Date... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ulcerative Colitis Clinical Trials. Date: March 29... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Urology Clinical Trials. Date: March 30, 2011. Time: 2:30 p.m. to 3:30 p.m...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ancillary Studies on Molecular Genetics of Kidney and Urinary Tract Diseases. Date: December 10, 2012. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-18
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR09-247: Ancillary Studies in Liver... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, [[Page 64359
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-11
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Medication Adherence among Children with... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... cycle. (Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Central Repositories Non-Renewable Sample Access (PAR-10-90)--Liver, Kidney, Urological Sciences. Date: October 12, 2010. Time: 2 p.m. to 4...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-15
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ancillary Studies to Major Ongoing Clinical Research Studies. Date: November 14, 2012. Time: 3:00 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-27
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Vitamin D and Diabetes. Date: January 25... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Conference Call). Contact Person: D.G. Patel, Ph.D., Scientific Review Officer, Review Branch, DEA, NIDDK...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-22
... Special Emphasis Panel, Feasibility Studies for Clinical Trials in Type 1 Diabetes. Date: July 18, 2011... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Sickle Cell and CKD...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR09-247: Ancillary Studies to the ongoing Clincal Research Studies on IBSOS. Date: January 26, 2012. Time: 2 p.m. to 3:30 p.m. Agenda: To... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-11
... Panel; Childhood Obesity Prevention. Date: October 10, 2012. Time: 1 p.m. to 2 p.m. Agenda: To review... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIDDK DEM Fellowships Review. Date...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-28
... and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Close Loop Technologies. Date: July 2, 2013... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... meetings. The meetings will be closed to the public in accordance with the provisions set forth in sections...
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2012-04-05
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Translational Research in Diabetes and Obesity. Date: May 17, 2012. Time: 11 a.m. to 4 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications...
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2013-10-01
... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Time-Sensitive Obesity Research. Date: October 28, 2013. Time: 11:00 a.m. to 1:00 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-10
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel Multi-Center Study of Tamsulosin for Ureteral Stones in the Emergency Department. Date: March 26, 2012. Time: 11 a.m. to 12 p.m. Agenda: To...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-19
... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes. Date: July 6, 2010. Time: 1 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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2010-12-16
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Central Repositories Non-Renewable Sample Access (PAR-10-90)-Type 1 Diabetes. Date: January 24, 2011. Time: 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. Agenda: To... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-29
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, including consideration of personnel qualifications... Counselors, NIDDK. Date: May 1-2, 2013. Time: 8:00 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate personal...
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2013-07-31
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, NIDDK Central Repositories Non-Renewable Sample Access (X01): Kidney, Urology and Hepatitis C. Date: August 16, 2013. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 4:00 p.m...
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2013-06-10
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR-12-265 Ancillary Studies: The Microbiome in Child Health, Development and Obesity. Date: June 21, 2013. Time: 1:30 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Agenda...
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2012-11-01
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR-11-350 Research Using Biosamples from Selected Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Studies (DP3). Date: December 4, 2012. Time: 1:30 p.m. to 5:00 p... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-06
... Designs on Diabetes Complications. Date: July 1, 2013. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 2:00 p.m. Agenda: To review and... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PAR-11-043 Calcium Metabolism Program...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-05-14
... 1 Diabetes. Date: June 11, 2012. Time: 9:00 a.m. to 11:30 a.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant... of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Improving Adherence in Type 1... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the...
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Environmental diseases of the digestive system
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rubin, E.; Farber, J.L.
1990-03-01
Environmental factors are important mediators of many diseases of the digestive system, defined as the alimentary tract and the accessory organs of digestion, the liver and pancreas. In this review, we principally focus on the action of chemical agents which are classified as (1) naturally occurring compounds, (2) occupational hazards, (3) therapeutic drugs, and (4) constituents of substances of abuse. In addition, the putative role of dietary habits in the pathogenesis of malignant diseases of the digestive system is discussed.54 references.
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76 FR 30370 - National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-25
... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Obesity and Pregnancy... Special Emphasis Panel; Obesity and Pregnancy. Date: July 14-15, 2011. Time: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-27
..., Metabolic Disease and Pregnancy. Date: June 10, 2010. Time: 3:30 p.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To review and..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-29
... Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Host Innate Immune Microbial Interactions in... Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DDK-D Members Conflict SEP. Date: March 13, 2013. Time: 10:10 a.m...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-26
... Ongoing Clinical Studies in NIDDK (RO1): CKD and Diabetic Nephropathy. Date: February 20, 2014. Time: 4:00... and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-14
..., Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases. Date: June 7, 2010. Time: 1:30 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and... Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-13
... Selected Type 1 Diabetes Clinical Studies (DP3). Date: April 2, 2012. Time: 2:30 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. Agenda...; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology...
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The Debate over National Testing. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Boston, Carol
This digest presents various views of the federal role in testing and offers a brief examination of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP), the "nation's report card," in its national sample format and its state administration, which critics fear has the potential to become a de facto national test if selected as the…
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... cells and provide energy. This process is called digestion. Your digestive system is a series of hollow organs joined ... are also involved. They produce juices to help digestion. There are many types of digestive disorders. The ...
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[Occupational digestive diseases in chemical industry workers of West Siberia].
Pomytkina, T E; Pershin, A N
2010-01-01
The high incidence of chronic digestive diseases is recorded in chemical industry workers exposed to the isolated action of noxious substances. The aim of the investigation was to make a hygienic assessment of the risk for occupational digestive diseases in chemical industry workers exposed to a combination of noxious drugs. The working conditions and the prevalence of digestive diseases were studied in 4120 workers engaged in chemical and auxiliary processes. Under the isolated action of noxious substances, the workers had an average of 35% increase in the incidence of digestive diseases than unexposed ones (p < 0.05). Under the combined action of hazardous substances, the incidence of digestive diseases was 1.7-fold greater (p < 0.05) than in the unexposed subjects and 1.2-fold greater in those under isolated action. The odd ratio and relative risk for digestive diseases in the workers exposed to a combination of noxious substances were 4.0-11.1 and 3.5-10.7 times higher, respectively (p < 0.05) than in the unexposed subjects.
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Pathophysiology of cystic fibrosis and drugs used in associated digestive tract diseases
Haack, Adriana; Aragão, Giselle Gonçalves; Novaes, Maria Rita Carvalho Garbi
2013-01-01
Cystic fibrosis (CF) causes chronic infections in the respiratory tract and alters the digestive tract. This paper reviews the most important aspects of drug treatment and changes in the digestive tract of patients with CF. This is a review of the literature, emphasizing the discoveries made within the last 15 years by analyzing scientific papers published in journals indexed in the Scientific Electronic Library Online, Sciences Information, United States National Library of Medicine and Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online databases, both in English and Portuguese, using the key words: cystic fibrosis, medication, therapeutic, absorption, digestion. Randomized, observational, experimental, and epidemiological clinical studies were selected, among others, with statistical significance of 5%. This review evaluates the changes found in the digestive tract of CF patients including pancreatic insufficiency, constipation and liver diseases. Changes in nutritional status are also described. Clinical treatment, nutritional supplementation and drug management were classified in this review as essential to the quality of life of CF patients, and became available through public policies for monitoring and treating CF. The information gathered on CF and a multi professional approach to the disease is essential in the treatment of these patients. PMID:24379572
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-02
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism... funding cycle. (Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and...
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Review article: fungal microbiota and digestive diseases.
Wang, Z K; Yang, Y S; Stefka, A T; Sun, G; Peng, L H
2014-04-01
The role of the fungal microbiota in digestive diseases is poorly defined, but is becoming better understood due to advances in metagenomics. To review the gastrointestinal fungal microbiota and its relationship with digestive diseases. Search of the literature using PubMed and MEDLINE databases. Subject headings including 'fungal-bacterial interactions', 'mycotoxins', 'immunity to fungi', 'fungal infection', 'fungal microbiota', 'mycobiome' and 'digestive diseases' were used. The fungal microbiota is an integral part of the gastrointestinal microecosystem with up to 10(6) microorganisms per gram of faeces. Next-generation sequencing of the fungal 18S rRNA gene has allowed better characterisation of the gastrointestinal mycobiome. Numerous interactions between fungi and bacteria and the complex immune response to gastrointestinal commensal or pathogenic fungi all impact on the pathophysiology of inflammatory bowel disease and other gastrointestinal inflammatory entities such as peptic ulcers. Mycotoxins generated as fungal metabolites contribute to disturbances of gastrointestinal barrier and immune functions and are associated with chronic intestinal inflammatory conditions as well as hepatocellular and oesophagogastric cancer. Systemic and gastrointestinal disease can also lead to secondary fungal infections. Fungal genomic databases and methodologies need to be further developed and will allow a much better understanding of the diversity and function of the mycobiome in gastrointestinal inflammation, tumourigenesis, liver cirrhosis and transplantation, and its alteration as a consequence of antibiotic therapy and chemotherapy. The fungal microbiota and its metabolites impact gastrointestinal function and contribute to the pathogenesis of digestive diseases. Further metagenomic analyses of the gastrointestinal mycobiome in health and disease is needed. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Gastroesophageal reflux disease and non-digestive tract diseases.
Chen, Ying
2015-05-01
Over the past decade, incidence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) showed an increasing trend resulting from factors, including lifestyle and dietary habits; however, both etiology and pathological mechanisms remain controversial. GERD occurs as a result of a variety of mechanisms and there is no single factor. Symptoms of GERD are often non-typical, with a likelihood of being overlooked by non-gastroenterology professionals. Therefore, improving GERD awareness in non-gastroenterology practitioners, along with early diagnosis and treatment, provide potential benefit to clinicians and patients alike. Increasing evidence suggests GERD has specific connections with a variety of non-digestive tract conditions, may contribute an aggravating compounding effect on other diseases, prolong hospitalization, and increase subsequent medical costs. This review considers and emphasizes the association between GERD and non-digestive tract conditions, including atrial fibrillation, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, primary pulmonary fibrosis and energy metabolism related to diet.
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National Standards for Physical Education. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Young, Judith C.
Quality physical education programs taught by well-trained physical education specialists are an integral part of the total education of a child. This Digest describes the history and development of national standards for physical education by the National Association for Sport and Physical Education (NASPE). In 1995, NASPE published a general…
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Digestive Enzyme Supplementation in Gastrointestinal Diseases.
Ianiro, Gianluca; Pecere, Silvia; Giorgio, Valentina; Gasbarrini, Antonio; Cammarota, Giovanni
2016-01-01
Digestive enzymes are able to break down proteins and carbohydrates and lipids, and their supplementation may play a role in the management of digestive disorders, from lactose intolerance to cystic fibrosis. To date, several formulations of digestive enzymes are available on the market, being different each other in terms of enzyme type, source and origin, and dosage. This review, performed through a non-systematic search of the available literature, will provide an overview of the current knowledge of digestive enzyme supplementation in gastrointestinal disorders, discussion of the use of pancreatic enzymes, lactase (β-galactosidase) and conjugated bile acids, and also exploring the future perspective of digestive enzyme supplementation. Currently, the animal-derived enzymes represent an established standard of care, however the growing study of plant-based and microbe-derived enzymes offers great promise in the advancement of digestive enzyme therapy. New frontiers of enzyme replacement are being evaluated also in the treatment of diseases not specifically related to enzyme deficiency, whereas the combination of different enzymes might constitute an intriguing therapeutic option in the future.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-07
..., 2013, DMICC workshop will discuss new and emerging opportunities for type 1 diabetes research supported by the Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research. An agenda for the DMICC... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee Notice of...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-12
... discuss new and emerging opportunities for type 1 diabetes research supported by the Special Statutory Funding Program for Type 1 Diabetes Research. Any interested person may file written comments with the... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee; Notice of...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-28
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; K-12 Diabetes Prevention Curriculum Development. Date: June 16, 2010. Time: 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate contract proposals...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Hemodialysis and Markers of Heart Failure. Date: December 5, 2011. Time: 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-05-09
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, Tracking Adolescents after Bariatric Surgery. Date: May 25, 2012. Time: 11:00 a.m. to 12:00 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-01
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, PAR-09-247 Ancillary Studies: Bariatric Surgery. Date: March 8, 2012. Time: 3 p.m. to 4:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-24
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; RFA-DK-12-006, Promoting Organ and Tissue Donation Among Diverse Populations. Date: August 22, 2012. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. Agenda: To...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-04
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Ancillary Studies to the Intestinal Stem Cells Consortium. Date: April 4, 2013. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 2:30 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-06-20
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee; Notice of Meeting The Diabetes Mellitus Interagency Coordinating Committee (DMICC) will hold a web conference on July 18, 2012, from 1 to 3:30 p.m. The public is invited to participate in the web conference. For...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-28
... Racial and Ethnic Minority-PA10-236. Date: October 9, 2012. Time: 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. Agenda: To review and... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DDK-C Conflicts. Date: October 18, 2012...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-01
... Clinical Studies: DCCT/EDIC. Date: September 30, 2011. Time: 2 p.m. to 3 p.m. Agenda: To review and...; Fellowships in Digestive Diseases and Nutrition. Date: October 18, 2011. Time: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-12
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; PA10-067: Stem Cells and Diabetic Skin... Major Ongoing Clinical Research Studies in CKD (R01). Date: May 17, 2011. Time: 2 p.m. to 3:30 p.m... . (Catalogue of Federal Domestic Assistance Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research...
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2012-03-02
... accordance with the provisions set forth in section 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C., as amended for the review... asked to show one form of identification (for example, a government-issued photo ID, driver's license... Program Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-06
... Nutrition. Date: February 21, 2012. Time: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant applications... Emphasis Panel, Translational Research. Date: January 26, 2012. Time: 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. [[Page 76169... Nos. 93.847, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Research; 93.848, Digestive Diseases and Nutrition...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-23
... Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; Barrett's Esophagus. Date: March 12... Federal Advisory Committee Act, as amended (5 U.S.C. App.), notice is hereby given of the following... 552b(c)(4) and 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C., as amended. The grant applications and the discussions could...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-02
... from EDIC/GOKind Type I Diabetes Clinical Studies (DP3). Date: June 10, 2013. Time: 10:00 a.m. to 12:30... Panel; PAR-13-013-Research Using Biosamples from TrialNet/DPT-1 Type Diabetes Clinical Studies (DP3... Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; DDK-C Conflicts. Date: June...
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Kelly, Kimberly A.; Hollingsworth, Michael A.; Brand, Randall E.; Liu, Christina H.; Singh, Vikesh K.; Srivastava, Sudhir; Wasan, Ajay D.; Yadav, Dhiraj; Andersen, Dana K.
2015-01-01
A workshop sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases and the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering focused on research gaps and opportunities in the development of new biomarkers of pancreatic disease. The session was held on July 22, 2015, and structured into six sessions: 1) introduction and overview, 2) keynote address, 3) new approaches to the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, 4) biomarkers of pain and inflammation, 5) new approaches to the detection of pancreatic cancer, and 6) shed exosomes, shed cells, and shed proteins. Recent advances in the fields of pancreatic imaging, functional markers of pancreatic disease, proteomics, molecular and cellular imaging, and detection of circulating cancer cells and exosomes were reviewed. Knowledge gaps and research needs were highlighted. The development of new methods for the non-invasive determination of pancreatic pathology, the use of cellular markers of pancreatic function, inflammation, pain, and malignancy, and the refinement of methods to identify cells and cellular constituents of pancreatic cancer were discussed. The further refinement of sophisticated technical methods, and the need for clinical studies to validate these new approaches in large-scale studies of patients at risk for the development of pancreatic disease was repeatedly emphasized. PMID:26465948
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National Standards for Athletic Coaches. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brylinsky, Jody
This digest asserts that the question of coach preparation and training has become a priority issue for many schools and communities, though the research is limited. It examines reasons to have coach education; the scope of sport participation; the status of coach education and training in the United States; National standards for coach education;…
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[Mental disorders in digestive system diseases - internist's and psychiatrist's insight].
Kukla, Urszula; Łabuzek, Krzysztof; Chronowska, Justyna; Krzystanek, Marek; Okopień, BogusŁaw
2015-05-01
Mental disorders accompanying digestive system diseases constitute interdisciplinary yet scarcely acknowledged both diagnostic and therapeutic problem. One of the mostly recognized examples is coeliac disease where patients endure the large spectrum of psychopathological symptoms, starting with attention deficit all the way down to the intellectual disability in extreme cases. It has not been fully explained how the pathomechanism of digestive system diseases affects patient's mental health, however one of the hypothesis suggests that it is due to serotonergic or opioid neurotransmission imbalance caused by gluten and gluten metabolites effect on central nervous system. Behavioral changes can also be invoked by liver or pancreatic diseases, which causes life-threatening abnormalities within a brain. It occurs that these abnormalities reflexively exacerbate the symptoms of primary somatic disease and aggravate its course, which worsens prognosis. The dominant mental disease mentioned in this article is depression which because of its effect on a hypothalamuspituitary- adrenal axis and on an autonomic nervous system, not only aggravates the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases but may accelerate their onset in genetically predisposed patients. Depression is known to negatively affects patients' ability to function in a society and a quality of their lives. Moreover, as far as children are concerned, the occurrence of digestive system diseases accompanied by mental disorders, may adversely affect their further physical and psychological development, which merely results in worse school performance. All those aspects of mental disorders indicate the desirability of the psychological care for patients with recognized digestive system disease. The psychological assistance should be provided immediately after diagnosis of a primary disease and be continued throughout the whole course of treatment. © 2015 MEDPRESS.
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Hypnosis and upper digestive function and disease
Chiarioni, Giuseppe; Palsson, Olafur S; Whitehead, William E
2008-01-01
Hypnosis is a therapeutic technique that primarily involves attentive receptive concentration. Even though a small number of health professionals are trained in hypnosis and lingering myths and misconceptions associated with this method have hampered its widespread use to treat medical conditions, hypnotherapy has gained relevance as an effective treatment for irritable bowel syndrome not responsive to standard care. More recently, a few studies have addressed the potential influence of hypnosis on upper digestive function and disease. This paper reviews the efficacy of hypnosis in the modulation of upper digestive motor and secretory function. The present evidence of the effectiveness of hypnotherapy as a treatment for functional and organic diseases of the upper bowel is also summarized, coupled with a discussion of potential mechanisms of its therapeutic action. PMID:19009639
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Mishlanov, V Yu; Katkova, A V; Dugina, A A; Kuznetzova, V D; Tepanyan, A T; Zhygulev, A N
The aim of the study was to estimate clinical efficiency of the interactive automatic program of digestive system diseases diagnostics "Electronic policlinic". Material was presented by 22 patients with different gastroenterological diseases (duodenal ulcer, chronical gastritis, chronical pancreatitis) and the comparative group consisted of 20 healthy people. The plan of the research included the interactive questionnaire using diagnostic module digestive system diseases of the digestive system of the automated program "Electronic policlinic" (Certificate No. 2012614202 from 12.05.12) posted on the Internet (http://klinikcity.ru). For the purpose of verification of diagnosis patients underwent fibrogastroduodenoscopy, ultrasound examination of abdominal cavity organs, CT scan, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, barium enema. As the result of the study there were showed that interactive automated system was able to reveal 85,7% of patients with chronical gastritis, duodenal ulcer and chronical pancreatitis and 75% of patients with colonopathy. The specify of diagnostic procedure was 80% in the first case and 100% in the second. Prevalence of digestive system diseases basic symptoms was studied too. The conclusion of the study demonstrated interactive questionnaire good ability in preliminary digestive problem patient examination procedure for individual diagnostic plan making.
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... Association -- www.csaceliacs.org Gluten Intolerance Group -- www.gluten.org National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/celiac-disease Beyond Celiac -- www. ...
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Margolis, Ronald; Smith, Philip
2010-01-01
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) celebrates in 2010 its 60th year as an institute of the National Institutes of Health. NIDDK has been fundamental in providing support for research in endocrinology, fostering research to elucidate basic principles of endocrine signaling leading to understanding of diseases and disorders of hormone action. Over this time span, a move to a more molecular level in understanding of the basis of hormone action has emerged and been supported by NIDDK, with many advances finding their way into a new journal, Molecular Endocrinology. The merging of disciplines that has made this possible constitutes a major force for further progress as NIDDK moves forward over the next 60 yr. Together, NIDDK and Molecular Endocrinology have served as catalysts for advancing knowledge in the field, energizing new paradigms that have led to advances in the clinic. PMID:20660301
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... Process Research Training & Career Development Funded Grants & Grant History Research Resources Research at NIDDK Technology Advancement & Transfer Meetings & Workshops Health Information Diabetes Digestive ...
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Dewitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund National Library Power Program.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
School Library Media Annual (SLMA), 1993
1993-01-01
Describes the National Library Power Program, a collaborative effort sponsored by the Dewitt Wallace-Reader's Digest Fund in cooperation with local education funds and public school districts that was designed to create public elementary and middle school library programs that are central to the education program of the school. (LRW)
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Higashi, Hideki; Barendregt, Jan J; Kassebaum, Nicholas J; Weiser, Thomas G; Bickler, Stephen W; Vos, Theo
2015-03-01
To quantify the burden of digestive diseases avertable by surgical care at first-level hospitals in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We examined 4 digestive diseases from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2010 STUDY: Appendicitis, intestinal obstruction, inguinal and femoral hernia, and gallbladder and bile duct disease. Using demographic and epidemiologic data from the GBD 2010 STUDY, we calculated the potential decrease in burden of digestive diseases if quality surgical services were available universally and accessible at first-level hospitals. The lowest case fatality rates for each age and sex grouping from all GBD regions were assumed to reflect the best possible state of full surgical coverage and treatment. These best scenario rates were applied to the GBD 2010 results from all LMIC regions to estimate surgically avertable burden. Overall, 4.8 million disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) or 65% of burden related to the 4 digestive diseases are avertable potentially with first-level surgical care in LMICs. Sub-Saharan Africa has the greatest avertable burden in absolute DALYs (1.7 million) and avertable proportion (83%). Intestinal obstruction accounted for the largest portion of avertable burden among the 4 digestive diseases (2.2 million DALYs; 64% avertable). Improving the capacity of surgical services at first-level hospitals is essential for averting the burden of digestive diseases in LMICs. Practicable strategies for scaling up surgical capacities in rural districts are available potentially, which must be given due attention. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Adult lactose digestion status and effects on disease.
Szilagyi, Andrew
2015-04-01
Adult assimilation of lactose divides humans into dominant lactase-persistent and recessive nonpersistent phenotypes. To review three medical parameters of lactose digestion, namely: the changing concept of lactose intolerance; the possible impact on diseases of microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations; and the possibility that the evolution of lactase has influenced some disease pattern distributions. A PubMed, Google Scholar and manual review of articles were used to provide a narrative review of the topic. The concept of lactose intolerance is changing and merging with food intolerances. Microbial adaptation to regular lactose consumption in lactase-nonpersistent individuals is supported by limited evidence. There is evidence suggestive of a relationship among geographical distributions of latitude, sunhine exposure and lactase proportional distributions worldwide. The definition of lactose intolerance has shifted away from association with lactose maldigestion. Lactose sensitivity is described equally in lactose digesters and maldigesters. The important medical consequence of withholding dairy foods could have a detrimental impact on several diseases; in addition, microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations may alter risk for some diseases. There is suggestive evidence that the emergence of lactase persistence, together with human migrations before and after the emergence of lactase persistence, have impacted modern-day diseases. Lactose maldigestion and lactose intolerance are not synonymous. Withholding dairy foods is a poor method to treat lactose intolerance. Further epidemiological work could shed light on the possible effects of microbial adaptation in lactose maldigesters. The evolutionary impact of lactase may be still ongoing.
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Uc, Aliye; Andersen, Dana K; Bellin, Melena D; Bruce, Jason I; Drewes, Asbjørn M; Engelhardt, John F; Forsmark, Christopher E; Lerch, Markus M; Lowe, Mark E; Neuschwander-Tetri, Brent A; OʼKeefe, Stephen J; Palermo, Tonya M; Pasricha, Pankaj; Saluja, Ashok K; Singh, Vikesh K; Szigethy, Eva M; Whitcomb, David C; Yadav, Dhiraj; Conwell, Darwin L
2016-11-01
A workshop was sponsored by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases to focus on research gaps and opportunities in chronic pancreatitis (CP) and its sequelae. This conference marked the 20th year anniversary of the discovery of the cationic trypsinogen (PRSS1) gene mutation for hereditary pancreatitis. The event was held on July 27, 2016, and structured into 4 sessions: (1) pathophysiology, (2) exocrine complications, (3) endocrine complications, and (4) pain. The current state of knowledge was reviewed; many knowledge gaps and research needs were identified that require further investigation. Common themes included the need to design better tools to diagnose CP and its sequelae early and reliably, identify predisposing risk factors for disease progression, develop standardized protocols to distinguish type 3c diabetes mellitus from other types of diabetes, and design effective therapeutic strategies through novel cell culture technologies, animal models mimicking human disease, and pain management tools. Gene therapy and cystic fibrosis conductance regulator potentiators as possible treatments of CP were discussed. Importantly, the need for CP end points and intermediate targets for future drug trials was emphasized.
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Jia, Chang-Ku; Lu, Xue-Fei; Yang, Qing-Zhuang; Weng, Jie; Chen, You-Ke; Fu, Yu
2014-09-28
Surgery such as digestive tract reconstruction is usually required for pancreatic trauma and severe pancreatitis as well as malignant pancreatic lesions. The most common digestive tract reconstruction techniques (e.g., Child's type reconstruction) for neoplastic diseases of the pancreatic head often encompass pancreaticojejunostomy, choledochojejunostomy and then gastrojejunostomy with pancreaticoduodenectomy, whereas these techniques may not be applicable in benign pancreatic diseases due to an integrated stomach and duodenum in these patients. In benign pancreatic diseases, the aforementioned reconstruction will not only increase the distance between the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but also the risks of traction, twisting and angularity of the jejunal loop. In addition, postoperative complications such as mixed fistula are refractory and life-threatening after common reconstruction procedures. We here introduce a novel pancreaticojejunostomy, hepaticojejunostomy and double Roux-en-Y digestive tract reconstruction in two cases of benign pancreatic disease, thus decreasing not only the distance between the pancreaticojejunostomy and choledochojejunostomy, but also the possibility of postoperative complications compared to common reconstruction methods. Postoperatively, the recovery of these patients was uneventful and complications such as bile leakage, pancreatic leakage and digestive tract obstruction were not observed during the follow-up period.
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Adult lactose digestion status and effects on disease
Szilagyi, Andrew
2015-01-01
BACKGROUND: Adult assimilation of lactose divides humans into dominant lactase-persistent and recessive nonpersistent phenotypes. OBJECTIVES: To review three medical parameters of lactose digestion, namely: the changing concept of lactose intolerance; the possible impact on diseases of microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations; and the possibility that the evolution of lactase has influenced some disease pattern distributions. METHODS: A PubMed, Google Scholar and manual review of articles were used to provide a narrative review of the topic. RESULTS: The concept of lactose intolerance is changing and merging with food intolerances. Microbial adaptation to regular lactose consumption in lactase-nonpersistent individuals is supported by limited evidence. There is evidence suggestive of a relationship among geographical distributions of latitude, sunhine exposure and lactase proportional distributions worldwide. DISCUSSION: The definition of lactose intolerance has shifted away from association with lactose maldigestion. Lactose sensitivity is described equally in lactose digesters and maldigesters. The important medical consequence of withholding dairy foods could have a detrimental impact on several diseases; in addition, microbial adaptation in lactase-nonpersistent populations may alter risk for some diseases. There is suggestive evidence that the emergence of lactase persistence, together with human migrations before and after the emergence of lactase persistence, have impacted modern-day diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Lactose maldigestion and lactose intolerance are not synonymous. Withholding dairy foods is a poor method to treat lactose intolerance. Further epidemiological work could shed light on the possible effects of microbial adaptation in lactose maldigesters. The evolutionary impact of lactase may be still ongoing. PMID:25855879
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... frequent, urgent urination Bladder cancer Doctors diagnose bladder diseases using different tests. These include urine tests, x- ... National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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Treatment of inflammatory bowel disease: what's new in Digestive Disease Week 2016.
Chaparro, María
2016-09-01
Inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic disorder of unknown aetiology that results from a pathologic response from both the innate and acquired immune systems, leading to chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. New drugs have been introduced into the therapeutic armamentarium of inflammatory bowel disease but are not effective in all patients; moreover, among initial responders, there have been reports of loss of response over time. In addition, these drugs sometimes have adverse effects and are often expensive. The present article reviews the studies presented at Digestive Disease Week 2016 that provided new data on the optimisation of currently approved treatments for inflammatory bowel disease, experience with recently approved drugs in clinical practice, and some studies on molecules that are under development for the treatment of these diseases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-12
... Diseases and Nutrition. Date: December 16, 2013. Time: 12:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Agenda: To review and... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Resources - kidney disease ... The following organizations are good resources for information on kidney disease: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney- ...
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[The Study of Psychological Characteristics of Children and Adolescents with Digestive Diseases].
Sviridova, T V; Lazurenko, S B; Venger, A L; Komarova, E V; Potapov, A S; Buslaeva, A S
2015-01-01
The present study was aimed at the psychological characteristics of children with different chronic diseases of the digestive system and the identification of key factors influencing the formation of their personality. The continuous prospective study of psychological peculiarities of 125 patients (7-17 y.o.) with diseases of the digestive system who have been monitored at Scientific Centre of Children's Health (Moscow) was performed. As research methods were used: analysis of medical and pedagogical documentation, participant observation, educational experiment, interview, questionnaires and projective methods. The study involved 125 patients aged 7-17 years (12.4 averagely) with diseases of the digestive system including teens--68 (54%), primary school pupil--57 (46%). The number of boys significantly prevailed over the number of girls (2:1). The study confirmed the existence of a close relationship and mutual influence of three factors: the physical condition, social situation of development, and individual psychological characteristics of children. According to the psychological characteristics the children can be combined in three groups: Group I (47 of 125 people; 37.6%) - children with bad psychological status. This is most typicalfor children with active form of chronic diseases requiring intensive medical assistance (37 of 47people; 78.7%). Group II (59 of 125 people; 47.2%)--children with instable psychological condition, with risk of neurotization. This group mainly comprises patients with chronic diseases at the stage of unstable clinical remission with preserved or compensated functions of organism bodies and systems or with incomplete compensation of functions requiring long term supportive treatment (45 of 59 people; 76.3%). Group III--patients with rather stable psychological condition (19 of 125 people; 15.2%). It comprises patients with rather stable psychological condition, anyway, with expressed psychological vulnerability in stress situation
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Gianfrani, Carmen; Camarca, Alessandra; Mazzarella, Giuseppe; Di Stasio, Luigia; Giardullo, Nicola; Ferranti, Pasquale; Picariello, Gianluca; Rotondi Aufiero, Vera; Picascia, Stefania; Troncone, Riccardo; Pogna, Norberto; Auricchio, Salvatore; Mamone, Gianfranco
2015-09-01
The ancient diploid Triticum monococcum is of special interest as a candidate low-toxic wheat species for celiac disease patients. Here, we investigated how an in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion, affected the immune toxic properties of gliadin from diploid compared to hexaploid wheat. Gliadins from Triticum monococcum, and Triticum aestivum cultivars were digested using either a partial proteolysis with pepsin-chymotrypsin, or an extensive degradation that used gastrointestinal enzymes including the brush border membrane enzymes. The immune stimulatory properties of the digested samples were investigated on T-cell lines and jejunal biopsies from celiac disease patients. The T-cell response profile to the Triticum monococcum gliadin was comparable to that obtained with Triticum aestivum gliadin after the partial pepsin-chymotrypsin digestion. In contrast, the extensive gastrointestinal hydrolysis drastically reduced the immune stimulatory properties of Triticum monococcum gliadin. MS-based analysis showed that several Triticum monococcum peptides, including known T-cell epitopes, were degraded during the gastrointestinal treatment, whereas many of Triticum aestivum gliadin survived the gastrointestinal digestion. The pattern of Triticum monococcum gliadin proteins is sufficiently different from those of common hexaploid wheat to determine a lower toxicity in celiac disease patients following in vitro simulation of human digestion. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Engineering Digestion: Multiscale Processes of Food Digestion.
Bornhorst, Gail M; Gouseti, Ourania; Wickham, Martin S J; Bakalis, Serafim
2016-03-01
Food digestion is a complex, multiscale process that has recently become of interest to the food industry due to the developing links between food and health or disease. Food digestion can be studied by using either in vitro or in vivo models, each having certain advantages or disadvantages. The recent interest in food digestion has resulted in a large number of studies in this area, yet few have provided an in-depth, quantitative description of digestion processes. To provide a framework to develop these quantitative comparisons, a summary is given here between digestion processes and parallel unit operations in the food and chemical industry. Characterization parameters and phenomena are suggested for each step of digestion. In addition to the quantitative characterization of digestion processes, the multiscale aspect of digestion must also be considered. In both food systems and the gastrointestinal tract, multiple length scales are involved in food breakdown, mixing, absorption. These different length scales influence digestion processes independently as well as through interrelated mechanisms. To facilitate optimized development of functional food products, a multiscale, engineering approach may be taken to describe food digestion processes. A framework for this approach is described in this review, as well as examples that demonstrate the importance of process characterization as well as the multiple, interrelated length scales in the digestion process. © 2016 Institute of Food Technologists®
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The Framework for the National Assessment of Educational Progress in Civics. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Patrick, John J.
This digest briefly summarizes the contents of the "Civics Framework for the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress" in terms of the Framework's development and components including civic knowledge, civic skills, and civic dispositions. The framework may be used to inform and guide curriculum development projects in civics and…
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Top-cited articles in digestive system disease from 1950 to 2013.
Tang, Xiaowei; Gong, Wei; Yuan, Fangfang; Li, Ran; Han, Xiaomei; Huang, Silin; Zhi, Fachao; Jiang, Bo
2016-01-01
Examination of top-cited articles is a tool that can help to identify and monitor outstanding scientific researches and landmark papers. We aimed to identify the 100 most cited published papers in peer-reviewed biomedical journals in the field of digestive diseases and to examine their characteristics. The Web of Science (including Science Citation Index) was searched for the most cited papers related to digestive diseases, published from 1955 to the present. The top 100 most cited articles were identified. The number of citations, countries, and institutions of origin, year of publication, study design, topic, and levels of evidence of the articles were noted and analyzed. The most top-cited articles had a mean of 1375 citations. These articles were published between 1978 and 2009 in 29 high-impact journals, with the New England Journal of Medicine (n = 22) topping the list. Of the 100 articles, 34 were clinical studies, 15 were review articles, and 34 were concerned basic science. These articles came from 18 countries, with the USA contributing most of the top-cited articles (n = 53). Eighty-seven institutions produced these 100 top-cited articles, led by the University of Barcelona (n = 4). Seven persons authored two or more of these top-cited articles. The mostly represented specialty was gastrointestinal oncology (n = 49). Our study can give a historical perspective on the scientific progress of digestive diseases, as well as allow for recognition of most important advances in this area and provide useful information to guide future researches. © 2015 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.
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Therapeutic potential of curcumin in digestive diseases
Dulbecco, Pietro; Savarino, Vincenzo
2013-01-01
Curcumin is a low-molecular-weight hydrophobic polyphenol that is extracted from turmeric, which possesses a wide range of biological properties including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-proliferative and anti-microbial activities. Despite its diverse targets and substantial safety, clinical applications of this molecule for digestive disorders have been largely limited to case series or small clinical trials. The poor bioavailability of curcumin is likely the major hurdle for its more widespread use in humans. However, complexation of curcumin into phytosomes has recently helped to bypass this problem, as it has been demonstrated that this new lecithin formulation enables increased absorption to a level 29-fold higher than that of traditional curcuminoid products. This allows us to achieve much greater tissue substance delivery using significantly lower doses of curcumin than have been used in past clinical studies. As curcumin has already been shown to provide good therapeutic results in some small studies of both inflammatory and neoplastic bowel disorders, it is reasonable to anticipate an even greater efficacy with the advent of this new technology, which remarkably improves its bioavailability. These features are very promising and may represent a novel and effective therapeutic approach to both functional and organic digestive diseases. PMID:24409053
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Sofia, M Anthony; Rubin, David T
2017-04-01
The development of therapeutic antibodies represents a revolutionary change in medical therapy for digestive diseases. Beginning with the initial studies that confirmed the pathogenicity of cytokines in inflammatory bowel disease, the development and application of therapeutic antibodies brought challenges and insights into their potential and optimal use. Infliximab was the first biological drug approved for use in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. The lessons learned from infliximab include the importance of immunogenicity and the influence of pharmacokinetics on disease response and outcomes. Building on this foundation, other therapeutic antibodies achieved approval for inflammatory bowel disease and many more are in development for several digestive diseases. In this review, we reflect on the history of therapeutic antibodies and discuss current practice and future directions for the field.
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[Incidence and severity of the digestive system diseases in the armed forces of Ukraine].
Rozhkov, H S
2012-01-01
The paper presents an analysis of the level and structure of morbidity Armed Forces of Ukraine diseases of the digestive system. The highest rates of total incidence of disease in the class XI 2008-2011, recorded among conscripts, the lowest--in the military under the contract.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bishop, Ann P.
This digest describes proposed legislation for the implementation of the National Research and Education Network (NREN). Issues and implications for teachers, students, researchers, and librarians are suggested and the emergence of the electronic network as a general communication and research tool is described. Developments in electronic…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-30
... Clinical Research to advance areas of scientific interest in NIDDK. Date: May 22, 2012. Time: 2:00 p.m. to... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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Problems of the Digestive System
... are examples of common digestive disorders? • What is irritable bowel syndrome? • What is celiac disease? • What is colorectal cancer? • ... Taking medications, especially antibiotics • Digestive diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome What should I do if I have diarrhea? ...
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Buscarini, Elisabetta; Conte, Dario; Cannizzaro, Renato; Bazzoli, Franco; De Boni, Michele; Delle Fave, Gianfranco; Farinati, Fabio; Ravelli, Paolo; Testoni, Pier Alberto; Lisiero, Manola; Spolaore, Paolo
2014-07-01
In 2011 the three major Italian gastroenterological scientific societies (AIGO, the Italian Society of Hospital Gastroenterologists and Endoscopists; SIED, the Italian Society of Endoscopy; SIGE, the Italian Society of Gastroenterology) prepared their official document aimed at analysing medical care for digestive diseases in Italy, on the basis of national and regional data (Health Ministry and Lombardia, Veneto, Emilia-Romagna databases) and to make proposals for planning of care. Digestive diseases were the first or second cause of hospitalizations in Italy in 1999-2009, with more than 1,500,000 admissions/year; however only 5-9% of these admissions was in specialized Gastroenterology units. Reported data show a better outcome in Gastroenterology Units than in non-specialized units: shorter average length of stay, in particular for admissions with ICD-9-CM codes proxying for emergency conditions (6.7 days versus 8.4 days); better case mix (higher average diagnosis-related groups weight in Gastroenterology Units: 1 vs 0.97 in Internal Medicine units and 0.76 in Surgery units); lower inappropriateness of admissions (16-25% versus 29-87%); lower in-hospital mortality in urgent admissions (2.2% versus 5.1%); for patients with urgent admissions due to gastrointestinnal haemorrhage, in-hospital mortality was 2.3% in Gastroenterology units versus 4.0% in others. The present document summarizes the scientific societies' official report, which constitutes the "White paper of Italian Gastroenterology". Copyright © 2014 Editrice Gastroenterologica Italiana S.r.l. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Yang, Guang-Yin; Xu, Jin-Sen; Wu, Zu-Xing
2012-02-01
To find out the regular pattern of pain reaction by pressing along the Governor Vessel at the levels of T3 to L4 on the back in patients with digestive system disease, so as to provide references for diagnosis of the disease. Thirty patients diagnosed with digestive system disease by gastroscopy and colonoscopy as well as 16 patients with digestive symptoms without accurate diagnosis by endoscopy checks were observed. Pressing was applied from Zhiyang (GV 9) to Yaoyangguan (GV 3), including non-acupoints along the Governor Vessel. Positive reaction was recognized since pain, soreness or distension sensation appeared in the space between the spinous process. The positive ratios of 30 patients with endoscopy checks and 16 without the check accounted for 100.0%. The tender spots, usually 5 to 9 in number, were mainly focused on the relative acupoints and non-acupoints along the Governor Vessel from T6 to T10. The pain reaction from Lingtai (GV 10) to Zhongshu (GV 7), which are at the level of T6 to T10, along the Governor Vessel is closely related with digestive system disease. And it can be regarded as function criterion of the digestive system and important reference of auxiliary diagnosis.
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Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as drug targets for diseases of the digestive system
Holzer, Peter
2011-01-01
Approximately 20 of the 30 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits are expressed by specific neurons and cells within the alimentary canal. They subserve important roles in taste, chemesthesis, mechanosensation, pain and hyperalgesia and contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, absorptive and secretory processes, blood flow, and mucosal homeostasis. In a cellular perspective, TRP channels operate either as primary detectors of chemical and physical stimuli, as secondary transducers of ionotropic or metabotropic receptors, or as ion transport channels. The polymodal sensory function of TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPM8, TRPP2, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 enables the digestive system to survey its physical and chemical environment, which is relevant to all processes of digestion. TRPV5 and TRPV6 as well as TRPM6 and TRPM7 contribute to the absorption of Ca2+ and Mg2+, respectively. TRPM7 participates in intestinal pacemaker activity, and TRPC4 transduces muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation to smooth muscle contraction. Changes in TRP channel expression or function are associated with a variety of diseases/disorders of the digestive system, notably gastro-esophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pain and hyperalgesia in heartburn, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, cholera, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esophageal, gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer, and polycystic liver disease. These implications identify TRP channels as promising drug targets for the management of a number of gastrointestinal pathologies. As a result, major efforts are put into the development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists and the assessment of their therapeutic potential. PMID:21420431
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Digestibility of gluten proteins is reduced by baking and enhanced by starch digestion
Pan, Xiaoyan; Bellido, Vincent; Toole, Geraldine A.; Gates, Fred K.; Wickham, Martin S. J.; Shewry, Peter R.; Bakalis, Serafim; Padfield, Philip; Mills, E. N. Clare
2015-01-01
Scope Resistance of proteins to gastrointestinal digestion may play a role in determining immune‐mediated adverse reactions to foods. However, digestion studies have largely been restricted to purified proteins and the impact of food processing and food matrices on protein digestibility is poorly understood. Methods and results Digestibility of a total gliadin fraction (TGF), flour (cv Hereward), and bread was assessed using in vitro batch digestion with simulated oral, gastric, and duodenal phases. Protein digestion was monitored by SDS‐PAGE and immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies specific for celiac‐toxic sequences (QQSF, QPFP) and starch digestion by measuring undigested starch. Whereas the TGF was rapidly digested during the gastric phase the gluten proteins in bread were virtually undigested and digested rapidly during the duodenal phase only if amylase was included. Duodenal starch digestion was also slower in the absence of duodenal proteases. Conclusion The baking process reduces the digestibility of wheat gluten proteins, including those containing sequences active in celiac disease. Starch digestion affects the extent of protein digestion, probably because of gluten‐starch complex formation during baking. Digestion studies using purified protein fractions alone are therefore not predictive of digestion in complex food matrices. PMID:26202208
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Enzymatic Digestion of Chronic Wasting Disease Prions Bound to Soil
SAUNDERS, SAMUEL E.; BARTZ, JASON C.; VERCAUTEREN, KURT C.; BARTELT-HUNT, SHANNON L.
2010-01-01
Chronic wasting disease (CWD) and sheep scrapie can be transmitted via indirect environmental routes, and it is known that soil can serve as a reservoir of prion infectivity. Given the strong interaction between the prion protein (PrP) and soil, we hypothesized that binding to soil enhances prion resistance to enzymatic digestion, thereby facilitating prion longevity in the environment and providing protection from host degradation. We characterized the performance of a commercially available subtilisin enzyme, the Prionzyme, to degrade soil-bound and unbound CWD and HY TME PrP as a function of pH, temperature, and treatment time. The subtilisin enzyme effectively degraded PrP adsorbed to a wide range of soils and soil minerals below the limits of detection. Signal loss occurred rapidly at high pH (12.5) and within 7 d under conditions representative of the natural environment (pH 7.4, 22°C). We observed no apparent difference in enzyme effectiveness between bound and unbound CWD PrP. Our results show that although adsorbed prions do retain relative resistance to enzymatic digestion compared with other brain homogenate proteins, they can be effectively degraded when bound to soil. Our results also suggest a topical application of a subtilisin enzyme solution may be an effective decontamination method to limit disease transmission via environmental ‘hot spots’ of prion infectivity. PMID:20450190
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... liver transplants in children in the United States. Inflammation, which can cause scarring. Over time, this can lead to liver failure. NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels as drug targets for diseases of the digestive system.
Holzer, Peter
2011-07-01
Approximately 20 of the 30 mammalian transient receptor potential (TRP) channel subunits are expressed by specific neurons and cells within the alimentary canal. They subserve important roles in taste, chemesthesis, mechanosensation, pain and hyperalgesia and contribute to the regulation of gastrointestinal motility, absorptive and secretory processes, blood flow, and mucosal homeostasis. In a cellular perspective, TRP channels operate either as primary detectors of chemical and physical stimuli, as secondary transducers of ionotropic or metabotropic receptors, or as ion transport channels. The polymodal sensory function of TRPA1, TRPM5, TRPM8, TRPP2, TRPV1, TRPV3 and TRPV4 enables the digestive system to survey its physical and chemical environment, which is relevant to all processes of digestion. TRPV5 and TRPV6 as well as TRPM6 and TRPM7 contribute to the absorption of Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, respectively. TRPM7 participates in intestinal pacemaker activity, and TRPC4 transduces muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation to smooth muscle contraction. Changes in TRP channel expression or function are associated with a variety of diseases/disorders of the digestive system, notably gastro-esophageal reflux disease, inflammatory bowel disease, pain and hyperalgesia in heartburn, functional dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome, cholera, hypomagnesemia with secondary hypocalcemia, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, esophageal, gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancer, and polycystic liver disease. These implications identify TRP channels as promising drug targets for the management of a number of gastrointestinal pathologies. As a result, major efforts are put into the development of selective TRP channel agonists and antagonists and the assessment of their therapeutic potential. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Digestibility of gluten proteins is reduced by baking and enhanced by starch digestion.
Smith, Frances; Pan, Xiaoyan; Bellido, Vincent; Toole, Geraldine A; Gates, Fred K; Wickham, Martin S J; Shewry, Peter R; Bakalis, Serafim; Padfield, Philip; Mills, E N Clare
2015-10-01
Resistance of proteins to gastrointestinal digestion may play a role in determining immune-mediated adverse reactions to foods. However, digestion studies have largely been restricted to purified proteins and the impact of food processing and food matrices on protein digestibility is poorly understood. Digestibility of a total gliadin fraction (TGF), flour (cv Hereward), and bread was assessed using in vitro batch digestion with simulated oral, gastric, and duodenal phases. Protein digestion was monitored by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting using monoclonal antibodies specific for celiac-toxic sequences (QQSF, QPFP) and starch digestion by measuring undigested starch. Whereas the TGF was rapidly digested during the gastric phase the gluten proteins in bread were virtually undigested and digested rapidly during the duodenal phase only if amylase was included. Duodenal starch digestion was also slower in the absence of duodenal proteases. The baking process reduces the digestibility of wheat gluten proteins, including those containing sequences active in celiac disease. Starch digestion affects the extent of protein digestion, probably because of gluten-starch complex formation during baking. Digestion studies using purified protein fractions alone are therefore not predictive of digestion in complex food matrices. © 2015 The Authors. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
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Muravyev, K A
2011-01-01
The article presents the results of analysis of digestive system morbidity during last decade among adult population of Stavropolsky kray as compared with North Caucasus federal okrug and Russia in general. The analysis according classes of diseases established that in the structure ofgeneral morbidity according the appealability data first place is for diseases of respiratory organs, second place is for diseases of circulatory system, third place is for diseases of urogenital system, fourth place is for diseases of musculoskeletal system, fifth place is for traumas, intoxications and other aftermath of external causes, sixth place is for diseases of digestive system and also pregnancy, delivery and puerperal period In Stavropolsky kray, gastritis and duodenitis are registered much more infrequently as compared with corresponding morbidity increase among adult population of Russia from 2001 to 2010.
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SP and KLF Transcription Factors in Digestive Physiology and Diseases.
Kim, Chang-Kyung; He, Ping; Bialkowska, Agnieszka B; Yang, Vincent W
2017-06-01
Specificity proteins (SPs) and Krüppel-like factors (KLFs) belong to the family of transcription factors that contain conserved zinc finger domains involved in binding to target DNA sequences. Many of these proteins are expressed in different tissues and have distinct tissue-specific activities and functions. Studies have shown that SPs and KLFs regulate not only physiological processes such as growth, development, differentiation, proliferation, and embryogenesis, but pathogenesis of many diseases, including cancer and inflammatory disorders. Consistently, these proteins have been shown to regulate normal functions and pathobiology in the digestive system. We review recent findings on the tissue- and organ-specific functions of SPs and KLFs in the digestive system including the oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, pancreas, and liver. We provide a list of agents under development to target these proteins. Copyright © 2017 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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[The future of inflammatory bowel disease from the perspective of Digestive Disease Week 2012].
Gomollón, Fernando
2012-09-01
The new information presented in Digestive Disease Week has allowed us to speculate on the future of inflammatory bowel disease. Manipulation of diet and the microbioma will probably play an increasingly important role in the treatment of this disease and, in the long term, in its prevention. Biological agents will probably be used earlier and more widely; new information on levels of biological agents, mucosal healing and new comparative studies will also allow these agents to be used in a more precise and personalized way. In addition to infliximab, adalimumab, natalizumab and certolizumab, other biological agents will be employed; among the first of these to be used will be ustekinumab, golimumab and vedolizumab. In the near future, biological agents will be used as frequently in ulcerative colitis as in Crohn's disease. New healthcare models will be developed that will progressively include greater participation among patients and nurses. The ability to predict new diagnostic and prognostic models will allow decisions to be more individualized. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-01-15
... Nutrition. Date: February 14, 2013. Time: 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant... Clinical Studies on LIFE-Moms (R01). Date: February 25, 2013. Time: 1:00 p.m. to 3:00 p.m. Agenda: To... and Nutrition Research; 93.849, Kidney Diseases, Urology and Hematology Research, National Institutes...
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[Role of HMGB1 in Inflammatory-mediated Injury Caused by Digestive System Diseases and Its Repair].
Wang, Fucai; Xie, Yong
2015-08-01
High mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1), a damage-associated molecular pattern, exists ubiquitously in the cells of mammals. It contributes to maintaining the structure of nucleosome and modulating transcription of gene in nuclei. Extracellular HMGB1 plays two-way roles in promoting inflammatory and tissue repair. Released actively as well as passively following cytokine stimulation during cell death, HMGB1 may act as a late inflammatory factor and an endogenous damage-associated molecular pattern recognized by its receptors. And it may mediate the occurrence, development and outcome of the inflammatory injury of digestive system diseases, such as gastric mucosal injury, inflammatory bowel-disease, liver injury, pancreatitis, and so on. This review mainly concerns the research progresses of HMGB1 in the inflammatory injury of digestive system diseases. At the same time, HMGB1 itself, or as a therapeutic target, can promote tissue repair.
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[CHANGES IN THE ORGANS AND TISSUES OF THE ORAL CAVITY WITH DIGESTIVE SYSTEM DISEASES].
Trukhan, D I; Goloshubina, V V; Trukhan, L Yu
2015-01-01
A substantial part of the pathology of organs and tissues of the oral cavity make common manifestations or systemic diseases. Accordingly, the dosage systemic therapy of these diseases can affect the condition of the eye. Changes in organs and tissues of the oral cavity and the appropriate advice a dentist can help the gastroenterologist in the diagnosis and adequate treatment of the patient. The article discusses possible changes in the organs and tissues of the oral cavity in diseases of the digestive system, as well as changes occurring under the influence of drug therapy of these diseases.
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The role of regulatory B cells in digestive system diseases.
Zhou, Zhenyu; Gong, Lei; Wang, Xiaoyun; Hu, Zhen; Wu, Gaojue; Tang, Xuejun; Peng, Xiaobin; Tang, Shuan; Meng, Miao; Feng, Hui
2017-04-01
The past decade has provided striking insights into a newly identified subset of B cells known as regulatory B cells (Bregs). In addition to producing antibody, Bregs also regulate diseases via cytokine production and antigen presentation. This subset of B cells has protective and potentially therapeutic effects. However, the particularity of Bregs has caused some difficulties in conducting research on their roles. Notably, human B10 cells, which are Bregs that produce interleukin 10, share phenotypic characteristics with other previously defined B cell subsets, and currently, there is no known surface phenotype that is unique to B10 cells. An online search was performed in the PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles published providing evidences on the role of regulatory B cells in digestive system diseases. Abundant evidence has demonstrated that Bregs play a regulatory role in inflammatory, autoimmune, and tumor diseases, and regulatory B cells play different roles in different diseases, but future work needs to determine the mechanisms by which Bregs are activated and how these cells affect their target cells.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Rivera Landa, Rogelio; Cardenas Cardenas, Eduardo; Fossion, Ruben; Pérez Zepeda, Mario Ulises
2014-11-01
Technological advances in the last few decennia allow the monitoring of many physiological observables in a continuous way, which in physics is called a "time series". The best studied physiological time series is that of the heart rhythm, which can be derived from an electrocardiogram (ECG). Studies have shown that a healthy heart is characterized by a complex time series and high heart rate variability (HRV). In adverse conditions, the cardiac time series degenerates towards randomness (as seen in, e.g., fibrillation) or rigidity (as seen in, e.g., ageing), both corresponding to a loss of HRV as described by, e.g., Golberger et. al [1]. Cardiac and digestive rhythms are regulated by the autonomous nervous system (ANS), that consists of two antagonistic branches, the orthosympathetic branch (ONS) that accelerates the cardiac rhythm but decelerates the digestive system, and the parasympathetic brand (PNS) that works in the opposite way. Because of this reason, one might expect that the statistics of gastro-esophageal time series, as described by Gardner et. al. [2,3], reflects the health state of the digestive system in a similar way as HRV in the cardiac case, described by Minocha et. al. In the present project, we apply statistical methods derived from HRV analysis to time series of esophageal acidity (24h pHmetry). The study is realized on data from a large patient population from the Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán. Our focus is on patients with functional disease (symptoms but no anatomical damage). We find that traditional statistical approaches (e.g. Fourier spectral analysis) are unable to distinguish between different degenerations of the digestive system, such as gastric esophageal reflux disease (GERD) or functional gastrointestinal disorder (FGID).
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Lost life years due to premature deaths caused by diseases of the digestive system in Poland in 2013
Paciej, Paulina; Ciabiada, Beata; Maniecka-Bryła, Irena
In order to evaluate the health status of a population, besides indicators measuring the incidence of diseases and deaths, potential measures are becoming more frequently used, ie. measures that take into account life-time potential of the individuals in the population. They can particularly by applied to analyse the problem of premature mortality, which is measured by lost life years. The aim of the study was to evaluate life years lost due to diseases of digestive system in Polish population in 2013. The study was based on a dataset containing 387,312 death certificates of Poles who died in 2013, provided by the Central Statistical Office in Poland. Data on deaths caused by diseases of digestive system (K00-K93 by ICD-10) were used in the study – that were 16,543 records (4.3% of all the deaths). Lost life years were assessed with the measures: SEYLL (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost), SEYLLp (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per living person), SEYLLd (Standard Expected Years of Life Lost per death). In the analysed year among men there were 9,275 deaths caused by diseases of digestive system and in women 7,268 deaths. SEYLL in the group of men amounted to 102 230.7 and in the group of women it was 53,475.5. The number of lost life years calculated per 10 000 male inhabitants was 54.9, and for 10,000 females it was 26.9. The highest share in lost life years had alcoholic liver disease (SEYLLp for men – 20.87, for women – 6.1), fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver (SEYLLp for men- 9.7, for women- 5.6) and acute pancreatitis (SEYLLp for men – 5.3, for women – 2.1). The results of the study indicate that diseases of digestive system have an important contribution to the loss of life-time potential in Polish population (6.6% of all SEYLL in 2013). The dominant role in this class of diseases played alcoholic liver disease – K70, fibrosis and cirrhosis of the liver – K74 and acute pancreatitis – K85.
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Zhang, An-Zhong; Wang, Qing-Cai; Huang, Kun-Ming; Huang, Jia-Guo; Zhou, Chang-Hong; Sun, Fu-Qiang; Wang, Su-Wen; Wu, Feng-Ting
2016-01-01
AIM To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases. METHODS A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive system diseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A self-designed General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient’s general information, which included demographic data (including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics (including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities). RESULTS The overall detection rate was 31.11% (540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02% (469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68% (359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44% (650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression (44.06%) and anxiety symptoms (33.33%). χ2 trend test showed: the higher the body mass index (BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend = 13.697, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 9.082, P = 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend = 130.455, P < 0.001, χ2trend = 108.528, P < 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms (χ2trend = 85.759, P < 0.001; χ2trend = 51.969, P < 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression (57.55%) and anxiety (55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis (41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease. CONCLUSION Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic
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Zhang, An-Zhong; Wang, Qing-Cai; Huang, Kun-Ming; Huang, Jia-Guo; Zhou, Chang-Hong; Sun, Fu-Qiang; Wang, Su-Wen; Wu, Feng-Ting
2016-11-14
To investigate the prevalence of depression and anxiety in patients with chronic digestive system diseases. A total of 1736 patients with chronic digestive system diseases were included in this cross-sectional study, including 871 outpatients and 865 in-patients. A self-designed General Information for Patients of the Department of Gastroenterology of General Hospitals questionnaire was used to collect each patient's general information, which included demographic data (including age, sex, marital status, and education) and disease characteristics (including major diseases, disease duration, principal symptoms, chronic pain, sleep disorder, and limited daily activities). The overall detection rate was 31.11% (540/1736) for depression symptoms alone, 27.02% (469/1736) for anxiety symptoms alone, 20.68% (359/1736) for both depression and anxiety symptoms, and 37.44% (650/1736) for either depression or anxiety symptoms. Subjects aged 70 years or above had the highest detection rate of depression (44.06%) and anxiety symptoms (33.33%). χ 2 trend test showed: the higher the body mass index (BMI), the lower the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms ( χ 2 trend = 13.697, P < 0.001; χ 2 trend = 9.082, P = 0.003); the more severe the limited daily activities, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms ( χ 2 trend = 130.455, P < 0.001, χ 2 trend = 108.528, P < 0.001); and the poorer the sleep quality, the higher the detection rate of depression and anxiety symptoms ( χ 2 trend = 85.759, P < 0.001; χ 2 trend = 51.969, P < 0.001). Patients with digestive system tumors had the highest detection rate of depression (57.55%) and anxiety (55.19%), followed by patients with liver cirrhosis (41.35% and 48.08%). Depression and anxiety symptoms were also high in subjects with comorbid hypertension and coronary heart disease. Depression and anxiety occur in patients with tumors, liver cirrhosis, functional dyspepsia, and chronic viral hepatitis
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de Oliveira, Amanda Priscila; Bernardo, Cássia Rubia; Camargo, Ana Vitória da Silveira; Ronchi, Luiz Sérgio; Borim, Aldenis Albaneze; Brandão de Mattos, Cinara Cássia; de Campos Júnior, Eumildo; Castiglioni, Lílian; Netinho, João Gomes; Cavasini, Carlos Eugênio; Bestetti, Reinaldo Bulgarelli; de Mattos, Luiz Carlos
2015-01-01
The clinical manifestations of chronic Chagas disease include the cardiac form of the disease and the digestive form. Not all the factors that act in the variable clinical course of this disease are known. This study investigated whether the CCR5Δ32 (rs333) and CCR5 59029 A/G (promoter region—rs1799987) polymorphisms of the CCR5 gene are associated with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease and with the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD). The antibodies anti-T. cruzi were identified by ELISA. PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to identify the CCR5Δ32 and CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphisms. The chi-square test was used to compare variables between groups. There was a higher frequency of the AA genotype in patients with CCHD compared with patients with the digestive form of the disease and the control group. The results also showed a high frequency of the AG genotype in patients with the digestive form of the disease compared to the other groups. The results of this study show that the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism does not seem to influence the different clinical manifestations of Chagas disease but there is involvement of the CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphism in susceptibility to the different forms of chronic Chagas disease. Besides, these polymorphisms do not influence left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with CCHD. PMID:26599761
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de Oliveira, Amanda Priscila; Bernardo, Cássia Rubia; Camargo, Ana Vitória da Silveira; Ronchi, Luiz Sérgio; Borim, Aldenis Albaneze; de Mattos, Cinara Cássia Brandão; de Campos Júnior, Eumildo; Castiglioni, Lílian; Netinho, João Gomes; Cavasini, Carlos Eugênio; Bestetti, Reinaldo Bulgarelli; de Mattos, Luiz Carlos
2015-01-01
The clinical manifestations of chronic Chagas disease include the cardiac form of the disease and the digestive form. Not all the factors that act in the variable clinical course of this disease are known. This study investigated whether the CCR5Δ32 (rs333) and CCR5 59029 A/G (promoter region--rs1799987) polymorphisms of the CCR5 gene are associated with different clinical forms of chronic Chagas disease and with the severity of left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with chronic Chagas heart disease (CCHD). The antibodies anti-T. cruzi were identified by ELISA. PCR and PCR-RFLP were used to identify the CCR5Δ32 and CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphisms. The chi-square test was used to compare variables between groups. There was a higher frequency of the AA genotype in patients with CCHD compared with patients with the digestive form of the disease and the control group. The results also showed a high frequency of the AG genotype in patients with the digestive form of the disease compared to the other groups. The results of this study show that the CCR5Δ32 polymorphism does not seem to influence the different clinical manifestations of Chagas disease but there is involvement of the CCR5 59029 A/G polymorphism in susceptibility to the different forms of chronic Chagas disease. Besides, these polymorphisms do not influence left ventricular systolic dysfunction in patients with CCHD.
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Johnstone, Carolyn; Hendry, Charles; Farley, Alistair; McLafferty, Ella
This article, which forms part of the life sciences series and is the first of two articles on the digestive system, explores the structure and function of the digestive system. It is important that nurses understand how the digestive system works and its role in maintaining health. The article describes the gross structure of the gastrointestinal tract along with relevant physiology. It also outlines several disorders of the gastrointestinal tract and their treatment and nursing management. The second article will explain the liver, pancreas and gall bladder and their digestive functions, and provides a brief overview of the disorders of chronic liver disease, pancreatitis and gallstones.
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Mulder, Chris J J; Jacobs, Maarten A J M; Leicester, Roger J; Nageshwar Reddy, D; Shepherd, Libby E A; Axon, Anthony T; Waye, Jerome D
2013-07-01
A dedicated digestive disease endoscopy unit is structurally and functionally differentiating rapidly as a result of increasing diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities in the last 10-20 years. Publications with practical details are scarce, imposing a challenge in the construction of such a unit. The lack of authoritative information about endoscopy unit design means that architects produce their own design with or without consulting endoscopists working in such a unit. A working group of the World Endoscopy Organization discussed and outlined a practical approach fordesign and construction of a modern endoscopy unit. Designing the layout is extremely important, necessitating thoughtful planning to provide comfort to the endoscopy staff and patients, and efficient data archiving and transmission during endoscopic services. © 2013 The Authors. Digestive Endoscopy © 2013 Japan Gastroenterological Endoscopy Society.
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Debrix, I; Sitbon, M; Khalil, A; Benomar, A; Becker, A; André, T
2009-02-01
The financial orders of French health insurance system for anticancer treatment are guided by the National recommendations of "Good Use" of anticancer treatment (law article dated August 25, 2005 for the good use of anticancer outside the classic financial hospitals). This law of "Good Use" is based on the recommendations of référentiels de bon usage (RBU). RBU include drugs with labelling or protocoles thérapeutiques temporaires (PTT). If the prescriptions do not conform with RBU, it will be considered as not confirmed and the prescriptor has to explain clearly his point of view in the medical file supported by national and international references and publications and also that of the experts' opinions. The objective of this study, made in 2007 in Tenon Hospital, Paris, was to evaluate the percentage of the prescriptions conform with RBU and the analysis of the other different prescriptions in regards to Thésaurus national de cancérologie digestive (TNCD). We found out that 25% of the anticancer prescriptions for digestive tumours in Tenon hospital are not known by the law of "Good Use". Half of these percentages were clearly recommended via the TNCD. The other half of these non-conform prescriptions were realized in an advanced disease in which there were no clear recommendations or references and there were no other choice. The TNCD validation by the National Cancer Institute can reduce the prescriptions, which are considered as non-conform. In the other hand, for the uncertain prescriptions (non-conform), the decision must be systematically discussed in multidisciplinary stuff with detailed argumentations and clear written explications in the medical file.
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Wang, Cui; Huang, Canke; Wei, Yumei; Zhu, Qi; Tian, Weili; Zhang, Qingyu
2014-07-01
Occupational and experimental studies have revealed the organs most affected by dimethylformamide (DMF) are liver and gastrointestinal tract. However, few studies have focused on the potential effect of outdoor pollution of DMF. This study examined the health risk of hospitalization due to digestive system disease by time series studies in a case city Longwan, China. The urine metabolite of DMF was correlated well with DMF exposure concentration (EC). A 101.0-μg/m(3) (interquartile range) increase in the two-day moving average of DMF EC was associated with a 1.10 (1.01 ˜ 1.20), 1.22 (1.10 ˜ 1.35), and 1.05 (0.90 ˜ 1.22) increase in hospitalization for total digestive system diseases, liver disease, and gastrointestinal tract disease, respectively. The exposure-dose response between DMF and the relative risk of liver disease was linear only below 350 μg/m(3). These findings highlight a previously unrecognized health problem related to VOCs released into the outdoor environment. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Function of obestatin in the digestive system.
Xing, Yue-Xian; Yang, Liu; Kuang, Hong-Yu; Gao, Xin-Yuan; Liu, Hao-Ling
2017-02-01
Physical health has a direct relationship with digestive function. Any abnormalities in the link may cause malnutrition, endocrine disorders, and the decline of organ functions. Obestatin, a biologically active peptide, is encoded by the ghrelin gene. Most studies suggest that obestatin is a pleiotropic peptide, which acts by suppressing the motility of the gastrointestinal tract, regulating the secretion of insulin, reducing inflammation and apoptosis, and promoting proliferation. These characteristics suggest that obestatin may represent an efficient way to prevent the occurrence and development of some digestive diseases. However, the functions of obestatin are not clear, and even appear to be contradictory. The aim of this review was to discuss the close relationship between obestatin and the digestive system, and to provide a unique perspective for the future development of obestatin relative to digestive diseases. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Chuang, Yun-Shiuan; Wu, Meng-Chieh; Yu, Fang-Jung; Wang, Yao-Kuang; Lu, Chien-Yu; Wu, Deng-Chyang; Kuo, Chie-Tong; Wu, Ming-Tsang; Wu, I-Chen
2017-09-29
Cigarette smoking is a well-known risk factor of upper digestive diseases. Findings on alcohol's effect on these diseases are inconsistent and with the exception of its association with esophageal cancer, little is known about betel quid chewing. This study investigated the association between use of these three substances and upper digestive diseases. We collected data from 9,275 patients receiving upper endoscopies between April 2008 and December 2013. Polynomial regressions were used to analyze the association between risk factors and diseases of the esophagus, stomach and duodenum. Meta-analysis for use of these substances and esophageal diseases was also performed. Participants who simultaneously consumed cigarettes, alcohol and betel quid had a 17.28-fold risk of esophageal cancer (95% CI = 7.59-39.33), 2.99-fold risk of Barrette's esophagus (95% CI = 2.40-4.39), 1.60-fold risk of grade A-B erosive esophagitis (95% CI = 1.29-2.00), 2.00-fold risk of gastric ulcer (95% CI = 1.52-2.63), 2.12-fold risk of duodenitis (95% CI = 1.55-2.89) and 1.29-fold risk of duodenal ulcer (95% CI = 1.01-1.65). Concurrent consumption of more substances was associated with significantly higher risk of developing these diseases. Meta-analysis also revealed use of the three substances came with a high risk of esophageal diseases. In conclusions, cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking and betel quid chewing were associated with upper digestive tract diseases.
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[Determination of 27 elements in Maca nationality's medicine by microwave digestion ICP-MS].
Yu, Gui-fang; Zhong, Hai-jie; Hu, Jun-hua; Wang, Jing; Huang, Wen-zhe; Wang, Zhen-zhong; Xiao, Wei
2015-12-01
An analysis method has been established to test 27 elements (Li, Be, B, Mg, Al, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, As, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sn, Sb, Ba, La, Hg, Pb, Bi) in Maca nationality's medicine with microwave digestion-ICP-MS. Sample solutions were analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion, and the contents of elements were calculated according to their calibration curves, and internal standard method was adopted to reduce matrix effect and other interference effects. The experimental results showed that the linear relations of all the elements were very good; the correlation coefficient (r) was 0.9994-1.0000 (Hg was 0.9982) ; the limits of detection were 0.003-2.662 microg x L(-1); the relative standard deviations for all elements of reproducibility were lower than 5% (except the individual elements); the recovery rate were 78.5%-123.7% with RSD lower than 5% ( except the individual elements). The analytical results of standard material showed acceptable agreement with the certified values. This method was applicable to determinate the contents of multi-elements in Maca which had a high sensitivity, good specificity and good repeatability, and provide basis for the quality control of Maca.
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Digestive system fistula: a problem still relevant today.
Głuszek, Stanisław; Korczak, Maria; Kot, Marta; Matykiewicz, Jarosław; Kozieł, Dorota
2011-01-01
Digestive system fistula originates most frequently as a complication after surgical procedures, less often occurs in the course of inflammatory diseases, but it can also result from neoplasm and injuries. THE AIM OF THE STUDY was to analyze the causes and retrospectively assess the perioperative procedures as well as the results of digestive system fistula treatment. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Own experience in digestive system fistula treatment was presented. The subject group consisted of 32 patients treated at the General Surgery, Oncology and Endocrinology Clinical Department between 01.05.2005 and 30.04.2010 due to different digestive tract diseases. The causes of the occurrence of digestive system fistula, methods and results of treatment were analyzed. RESULTS. The analysis covered 32 patients with digestive system fistula, among them 15 men and 17 women. Average age for men was 57 years (20-78), and for women 61 years (24-88). In 11 patients idiopathic fistula causally connected with primary inflammatory disease (7 cases) and with neoplasm (4 cases) was diagnosed, in 19 patients fistula was the result of complications after surgery, in 2 - after abdominal cavity injury. Recovery from fistula was achieved in 23 patients (72%) with the use of individually planned conservative therapy (TPN, EN, antibiotics, drainage, and others) and surgery, depending on the needs of individual patient. 5 patients (16%) died, whereas in 4 left (12%) recovery wasn't achieved (fistula in palliative patients, with advanced stages of neoplasm - bronchoesophageal fistula, the recurrence of uterine carcinoma). CONCLUSIONS. Recently the results of digestive system fistula treatment showed an improvement which manifests itself in mortality decrease and shortening of fistula healing time. Yet, digestive system fistula as a serious complication still poses a very difficult surgical problem.
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Aquaporins in Digestive System.
Zhu, Shuai; Ran, Jianhua; Yang, Baoxue; Mei, Zhechuan
2017-01-01
In this chapter, we mainly discuss the expression and function of aquaporins (AQPs ) expressed in digestive system . AQPs in gastrointestinal tract include four members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP4, AQP5 and AQP8, and a member of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP3. In the digestive glands, especially the liver, we discuss three members of aquaporin subfamily: AQP1, AQP5 and AQP8, a member of aquaglyceroporin subfamily: AQP9. AQP3 is involved in the diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease; AQP5 is relevant to gastric carcinoma cell proliferation and migration; AQP9 plays considerable role in glycerol metabolism , urea transport and hepatocellular carcinoma. Further investigation is necessary for specific locations and functions of AQPs in digestive system.
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Whetzel, Patricia L.; Grethe, Jeffrey S.; Banks, Davis E.; Martone, Maryann E.
2015-01-01
The NIDDK Information Network (dkNET; http://dknet.org) was launched to serve the needs of basic and clinical investigators in metabolic, digestive and kidney disease by facilitating access to research resources that advance the mission of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK). By research resources, we mean the multitude of data, software tools, materials, services, projects and organizations available to researchers in the public domain. Most of these are accessed via web-accessible databases or web portals, each developed, designed and maintained by numerous different projects, organizations and individuals. While many of the large government funded databases, maintained by agencies such as European Bioinformatics Institute and the National Center for Biotechnology Information, are well known to researchers, many more that have been developed by and for the biomedical research community are unknown or underutilized. At least part of the problem is the nature of dynamic databases, which are considered part of the “hidden” web, that is, content that is not easily accessed by search engines. dkNET was created specifically to address the challenge of connecting researchers to research resources via these types of community databases and web portals. dkNET functions as a “search engine for data”, searching across millions of database records contained in hundreds of biomedical databases developed and maintained by independent projects around the world. A primary focus of dkNET are centers and projects specifically created to provide high quality data and resources to NIDDK researchers. Through the novel data ingest process used in dkNET, additional data sources can easily be incorporated, allowing it to scale with the growth of digital data and the needs of the dkNET community. Here, we provide an overview of the dkNET portal and its functions. We show how dkNET can be used to address a variety of use cases that involve
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Zhao, Longyan; Qin, Yujing; Guan, Ruowei; Zheng, Wenqi; Liu, Jikai; Zhao, Jinhua
2018-04-15
The digestibility of fucosylated glycosaminoglycan (FG) and its effects on digestive enzymes were investigated using an in vitro digestion model. Results showed that the molecular weight and the reducing sugar content of FG were not significantly changed, and no free monosaccharides released from FG were detected after the salivary, gastric and intestinal digestion, indicating that both the backbone and the sulfated fucose branches of FG are resistant to be cleaved in the saliva and gastrointestinal tract environments. Furthermore, FG can dose-dependently inhibit digestive enzymes such as α-amylase, pepsin and pancreatic lipase in different degrees under the simulated digestion conditions due to the sulfate and carboxyl groups. These physiological effects of FG may help control the postprandial glucose concentration and have the potential in the prevention or treatment of reflux disease and obesity. The findings may provide information on the digestibility and beneficial physiological effects of FG as a potential natural product to promote human health. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Micro-quantity tissue digestion for metal measurements by use of a microwave acid-digestion bomb.
Nicholson, J R; Savory, M G; Savory, J; Wills, M R
1989-03-01
We describe a simple and convenient method for processing small amounts of tissue samples for trace-metal measurements by atomic absorption spectrometry, by use of a modified Parr microwave digestion bomb. Digestion proceeds rapidly (less than or equal to 90 s) in a sealed Teflon-lined vessel that eliminates contamination or loss from volatilization. Small quantities of tissue (5-100 mg dry weight) are digested in high-purity nitric acid, yielding concentrations of analyte that can be measured directly without further sample manipulation. We analyzed National Institute of Standards and Technology bovine liver Standard Reference Material to verify the accuracy of the technique. We assessed the applicability of the technique to analysis for aluminum in bone by comparison with a dry ashing procedure.
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Teaching and Learning about the Earth. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lee, Hyonyong
This ERIC Digest investigates the earth and space science guidelines of the National Science Education Standards. These guidelines are frequently referred to as the earth system and include components such as plate tectonics, the water cycle, and the carbon cycle. This Digest describes the development of earth systems science and earth systems…
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Chai, Toby C; Asfaw, Tirsit S; Baker, Jan E; Clarkson, Becky; Coleman, Pamela; Hoffstetter, Susan; Konkel, Kimberly; Lavender, Missy; Nair, Shailaja; Norton, Jenna; Subak, Leslee; Visco, Anthony; Star, Robert A; Bavendam, Tamara
2017-07-01
Female urinary incontinence is prevalent, costly and morbid. Participants in a NIDDK (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases) sponsored summit reviewed findings from NIH (National Institutes of Health) funded clinical research on urinary incontinence in women and discussed the future of urinary incontinence research. The NIDDK convened the Summit on Urinary Incontinence Clinical Research in Women on March 14, 2014. Participants representing a broad range of clinical expertise reviewed completed NIH sponsored urinary incontinence related studies, including results from community based epidemiological studies such as the BACH (Boston Area Community Health) Survey and from randomized clinical trials such as PRIDE (Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise), and studies conducted by the Pelvic Floor Disorders Network and the Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network. BACH Survey results improved our understanding of precursors, incidence, prevalence and natural history of urinary incontinence in a diverse group of women. The Pelvic Floor Disorders Network study found that anticholinergic medications and onabotulinumtoxinA are efficacious for treating urge urinary incontinence, and Burch colposuspension and retropubic mid urethral polypropylene slings are efficacious for decreasing stress urinary incontinence following pelvic organ prolapse surgery in women with potential stress urinary incontinence. The Urinary Incontinence Treatment Network study found that fascial slings were better than colposuspension, and that retropubic and transobturator mid urethral polypropylene slings were equivalent for stress urinary incontinence. In patients with stress urinary incontinence a preoperative urodynamic study was noninferior to basic office examinations for surgical outcome. The addition of behavioral intervention did not allow female patients to discontinue antimuscarinics for urge urinary incontinence. PRIDE showed that modest weight
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Digestive oncologist in the gastroenterology training curriculum
Mulder, Chris Jacob Johan; Peeters, Marc; Cats, Annemieke; Dahele, Anna; Droste, Jochim Terhaar sive
2011-01-01
Until the late 1980s, gastroenterology (GE) was considered a subspecialty of Internal Medicine. Today, GE also incorporates Hepatology. However, Digestive Oncology training is poorly defined in the Hepatogastroenterology (HGE)-curriculum. Therefore, a Digestive Oncology curriculum should be developed and this document might be a starting point for such a curriculum. HGE-specialists are increasingly resisting the paradigm in which they play only a diagnostic and technical role in the management of digestive tumors. We suggest minimum end-points in the standard HGE-curriculum for oncology, and recommend a focus year in the Netherlands for Digestive Oncology in the HGE-curriculum. To produce well-trained digestive oncologists, an advanced Digestive Oncology training program with specific qualifications in Digestive Oncology (2 years) has been developed. The schedule in Belgium includes a period of at least 6 mo to be spent in a medical oncology department. The goal of these programs remains the production of well-trained digestive oncologists. HGE specialists are part of the multidisciplinary oncological teams, and some have been administering chemotherapy in their countries for years. In this article, we provide a road map for the organization of a proper training in Digestive Oncology. We hope that the World Gastroenterology Organisation and other (inter)national societies will support the necessary certifications for this specific training in the HGE-curriculum. PMID:21556128
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The Role of Assessment in Counselor Certification. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Clawson, Thomas
Certification of professional counselors is presently viewed in two realms, that of state regulation and of national voluntary credentialing. This digest considers national voluntary certification. The first national certification began in 1972; in 1983 the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) began certification for general practice…
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Levine, Deborah A; Pade, Kathryn H
2016-12-22
Vaccine-preventable diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella continue to plague children and adults worldwide. Although public health programs have helped decrease the prevalence and sequelae of these diseases, outbreaks still occur. To limit the spread of these diseases, emergency clinicians must be able to readily identify the characteristic presentations of the rashes associated with measles, rubella, and varicella, as well as the common presenting features associated with mumps. Diagnostic laboratory studies are not usually necessary, as a complete history and physical examination usually lead to an accurate diagnosis. Treatment for these vaccine-preventable diseases usually consists of supportive care, but, in some cases, severe complications and death may occur. This issue provides a review of the clinical features, differential diagnoses, potential complications, and treatment options for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella. [Points & Pearls is a digest of Pediatric Emergency Medicine Practice].
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76 FR 68615 - National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, 2011
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-04
... National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, 2011 By the President of the United States of America A... disease is a pain they know all too well. Alzheimer's disease burdens an increasing number of our Nation's... health. During National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, we stand united in our commitment to improve...
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Digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of Sasang typology: Systematic review.
Lee, Mi Suk; Sohn, Kyungwoo; Kim, Yun Hee; Hwang, Min-Woo; Kwon, Young Kyu; Bae, Na Young; Chae, Han
2013-06-01
The purpose of this study was to review clinical studies on digestive system-related pathophysiological symptoms of each Sasang type to obtain the generalizable typespecific clinical features, which are important for the diagnosis of the Sasang type and subsequent disease treatment. Sasang typology and digestive system symptom-related keywords were used to search through eight domestic and foreign databases up to March 2012. The results were organized and analyzed based on four categories [digestive function, appetite, eating pattern, and body mass index (BMI)] to elucidate type-specific symptoms. Sasang type-specific digestive system-related symptoms were identified by reviewing 30 related articles that were gathered by searching through the databases. The Tae-Eum (TE) type had the highest digestive functions and the So-Eum (SE) type had the lowest. The TE type appeared to have larger volume with fast eating speed compared with the SE type and individuals in the TE category preferred fatty or salty food, which is responsible for the high occurrence rates of organic digestive diseases such as gastritis. Moreover, BMI was higher in the TE type and lower in the SE type. We systematically reviewed previously published clinical reports on digestive functions, which can be used to meet the objective of Sasang-type differentiation and pathophysiological pattern identification.
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Galled by the Gallbladder?: Your Tiny, Hard-Working Digestive Organ
... Galled by the Gallbladder? Your Tiny, Hard-Working Digestive Organ En español Send us your comments Most ... among the most common and costly of all digestive system diseases. By some estimates, up to 20 ...
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[Anaerobic digestion of lignocellulosic biomass with animal digestion mechanisms].
Wu, Hao; Zhang, Pan-Yue; Guo, Jian-Bin; Wu, Yong-Jie
2013-02-01
Lignocellulosic material is the most abundant renewable resource in the earth. Herbivores and wood-eating insects are highly effective in the digestion of plant cellulose, while anaerobic digestion process simulating animal alimentary tract still remains inefficient. The digestion mechanisms of herbivores and wood-eating insects and the development of anaerobic digestion processes of lignocellulose were reviewed for better understanding of animal digestion mechanisms and their application in design and operation of the anaerobic digestion reactor. Highly effective digestion of lignocellulosic materials in animal digestive system results from the synergistic effect of various digestive enzymes and a series of physical and biochemical reactions. Microbial fermentation system is strongly supported by powerful pretreatment, such as rumination of ruminants, cellulase catalysis and alkali treatment in digestive tract of wood-eating insects. Oxygen concentration gradient along the digestive tract may stimulate the hydrolytic activity of some microorganisms. In addition, the excellent arrangement of solid retention time, digesta flow and end product discharge enhance the animal digestion of wood cellulose. Although anaerobic digestion processes inoculated with rumen microorganisms based rumen digestion mechanisms were developed to treat lignocellulose, the fermentation was more greatly limited by the environmental conditions in the anaerobic digestion reactors than that in rumen or hindgut. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion processes simulating animal digestion mechanisms can effectively enhance the degradation of wood cellulose and other organic solid wastes.
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Digestive tract neural control and gastrointestinal disorders in cerebral palsy.
Araújo, Liubiana A; Silva, Luciana R; Mendes, Fabiana A A
2012-01-01
To examine the neural control of digestive tract and describe the main gastrointestinal disorders in cerebral palsy (CP), with attention to the importance of early diagnosis to an efficient interdisciplinary treatment. Systematic review of literature from 1997 to 2012 from Medline, Lilacs, Scielo, and Cochrane Library databases. The study included 70 papers, such as relevant reviews, observational studies, controlled trials, and prevalence studies. Qualitative studies were excluded. The keywords used were: cerebral palsy, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, constipation, recurrent respiratory infections, and gastrostomy. The appropriate control of the digestive system depends on the healthy functioning and integrity of the neural system. Since CP patients have structural abnormalities of the central and peripheral nervous system, they are more likely to develop eating disorders. These range from neurological immaturity to interference in the mood and capacity of caregivers. The disease has, therefore, a multifactorial etiology. The most prevalent digestive tract disorders are dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux disease, and constipation, with consequent recurrent respiratory infections and deleterious impact on nutritional status. Patients with CP can have neurological abnormalities of digestive system control; therefore, digestive problems are common. The issues raised in the present study are essential for professionals within the interdisciplinary teams that treat patients with CP, concerning the importance of comprehensive anamnesis and clinical examination, such as detailed investigation of gastrointestinal disorders. Early detection of these digestive problems may lead to more efficient rehabilitation measures in order to improve patients' quality of life.
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Resistance of Soil-Bound Prions to Rumen Digestion
Saunders, Samuel E.; Bartelt-Hunt, Shannon L.; Bartz, Jason C.
2012-01-01
Before prion uptake and infection can occur in the lower gastrointestinal system, ingested prions are subjected to anaerobic digestion in the rumen of cervids and bovids. The susceptibility of soil-bound prions to rumen digestion has not been evaluated previously. In this study, prions from infectious brain homogenates as well as prions bound to a range of soils and soil minerals were subjected to in vitro rumen digestion, and changes in PrP levels were measured via western blot. Binding to clay appeared to protect noninfectious hamster PrPc from complete digestion, while both unbound and soil-bound infectious PrPSc proved highly resistant to rumen digestion. In addition, no change in intracerebral incubation period was observed following active rumen digestion of unbound hamster HY TME prions and HY TME prions bound to a silty clay loam soil. These results demonstrate that both unbound and soil-bound prions readily survive rumen digestion without a reduction in infectivity, further supporting the potential for soil-mediated transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) and scrapie in the environment. PMID:22937149
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Dolgushina, A I; Shaposhnik, I I; Volchegorskiĭ, I A
2014-01-01
Paper describes clinical and immunological study about the relationship between chronic diseases of the digestive system and atherosclerosis in the basin of the abdominal aorta in patients of elderly and senile age. There were revealed the structural and clinical features of the gastrointestinal tract diseases, depending on the extent of atherosclerosis in the basin of the abdominal aorta. Evaluation of the immune status included the determination of lymphocyte subpopulation composition, the functional state of neutrophils and cytokine levels. It is found that the progression of atherosclerosis in the basin of the abdominal aorta in patients of elderly and senile age with chronic diseases of the digestive system was accompanied by the activation of pro-inflammatory mechanisms of the immune system and the accompanying intensification of oxidative stress.
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Caramiello, C; Lancellotti, I; Righi, F; Tatàno, F; Taurino, R; Barbieri, L
2013-01-01
A combined experimental evaluation of methane production (obtained by anaerobic digestion) and detailed digestate characterization (with physical-chemical, thermo-gravimetric and mineralogical approaches) was conducted on two organic substrates, which are specific to Italy (at regional and national levels). One of the substrates was grape seeds, which have an agricultural origin, whereas the other substrate was vegetable-tanned leather dust, which has an industrial origin. Under the assumed experimental conditions of the performed lab-scale test series, the grape seed substrate exhibited a resulting net methane production of 175.0 NmL g volatile solids (VS)(-1); hence, it can be considered as a potential energy source via anaerobic digestion. Conversely, the net methane production obtained from the anaerobic digestion of the vegetable-tanned leather dust substrate was limited to 16.1 NmL gVS(-1). A detailed characterization of the obtained digestates showed that there were both nitrogen-containing compounds and complex organic compounds present in the digestate that was obtained from the mixture of leather dust and inoculum. As a general perspective of this experimental study, the application of diversified characterization analyzes could facilitate (1) a better understanding of the main properties of the obtained digestates to evaluate their potential valorization, and (2) a combination of the digestate characteristics with the corresponding methane productions to comprehensively evaluate the bioconversion process.
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National Infectious Diseases Surveillance data of South Korea.
Park, Sunhee; Cho, Eunhee
2014-01-01
The Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) operate infectious disease surveillance systems to monitor national disease incidence. Since 1954, Korea has collected data on various infectious diseases in accordance with the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act. All physicians (including those working in Oriental medicine) who diagnose a patient with an infectious disease or conduct a postmortem examination of an infectious disease case are obliged to report the disease to the system. These reported data are incorporated into the database of the National Infectious Disease Surveillance System, which has been providing web-based real-time surveillance data on infectious diseases since 2001. In addition, the KCDC analyzes reported data and publishes the Infectious Disease Surveillance Yearbook annually.
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Ciccocioppo, Rachele; Dos Santos, Claudia C; Baumgart, Daniel C; Cangemi, Giuseppina C; Cardinale, Vincenzo; Ciacci, Carolina; De Coppi, Paolo; Haldar, Debashis; Klersy, Catherine; Nostro, M Cristina; Ott, Michael; Piemonti, Lorenzo; Tomei, Alice A; Uygun, Basak; Vetrano, Stefania; Orlando, Giuseppe
2018-03-01
A summary of the First Signature Series Event, "Advancements in Cellular Therapies and Regenerative Medicine for Digestive Diseases," held on May 3, 2017, in London, United Kingdom, is presented. Twelve speakers from three continents covered major topics in the areas of cellular therapy and regenerative medicine applied to liver and gastrointestinal medicine as well as to diabetes mellitus. Highlights from their presentations, together with an overview of the global impact of digestive diseases and a proposal for a shared online collection and data-monitoring platform tool, are included in this proceedings. Although growing evidence demonstrate the feasibility and safety of exploiting cell-based technologies for the treatment of digestive diseases, regulatory and methodological obstacles will need to be overcome before the successful implementation in the clinic of these novel attractive therapeutic strategies. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Cellular Therapy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Promoting Physical Activity and Exercise among Children. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Summerfield, Liane M.
This Digest discusses the importance of and ways to foster activity and exercise in children. Following an introduction, the Digest is organized into four sections. The first section deals with the significant health benefits of physical activity, including: reduction in chronic disease risk; lowered risk of colon cancer; increase in bone density;…
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Garbarino, John R.; Hoffman, Gerald L.
1999-01-01
A hydrochloric acid in-bottle digestion procedure is used to partially digest wholewater samples prior to determining recoverable elements by various analytical methods. The use of hydrochloric acid is problematic for some methods of analysis because of spectral interference. The inbottle digestion procedure has been modified to eliminate such interference by using nitric acid instead of hydrochloric acid in the digestion. Implications of this modification are evaluated by comparing results for a series of synthetic whole-water samples. Results are also compared with those obtained by using U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (1994) (USEPA) Method 200.2 total-recoverable digestion procedure. Percentage yields that use the nitric acid inbottle digestion procedure are within 10 percent of the hydrochloric acid in-bottle yields for 25 of the 26 elements determined in two of the three synthetic whole-water samples tested. Differences in percentage yields for the third synthetic whole-water sample were greater than 10 percent for 16 of the 26 elements determined. The USEPA method was the most rigorous for solubilizing elements from particulate matter in all three synthetic whole-water samples. Nevertheless, the variability in the percentage yield by using the USEPA digestion procedure was generally greater than the in-bottle digestion procedure, presumably because of the difficulty in controlling the digestion conditions accurately.
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National disease management plans for key chronic non-communicable diseases in Singapore.
Tan, C C
2002-07-01
In Singapore, chronic, non-communicable diseases, namely coronary heart disease, stroke and cancer, account for more than 60% of all deaths and a high burden of disability and healthcare expenditure. The burden of these diseases is likely to rise with our rapidly ageing population and changing lifestyles, and will present profound challenges to our healthcare delivery and financing systems over the next 20 to 30 years. The containment and optimal management of these conditions require a strong emphasis on patient education and the development of integrated models of healthcare delivery in place of the present uncoordinated, compartmentalised way of delivering healthcare. To meet these challenges, the Ministry of Health's major thrusts are disease control measures which focus mainly on primary prevention; and disease management, which coordinates the national effort to reduce the incidence of these key diseases and their predisposing factors and to ameliorate their long-term impact by optimising control to reduce mortality, morbidity and complications, and improving functional status through rehabilitation. The key initiatives include restructuring of the public sector healthcare institutions into two clusters, each comprising a network of primary health care polyclinics, regional hospitals and tertiary institutions. The functional integration of these healthcare elements within each cluster under a common senior administrative and professional management, and the development of common clinical IT systems will greatly facilitate the implementation of disease management programmes. Secondly, the Ministry is establishing National Disease Registries in coronary heart disease, cancer, stroke, myopia and kidney failure, which will be valuable sources of clinical and outcomes data. Thirdly, in partnership with expert groups, national committees and professional agencies, the Ministry will produce clinical practice guidelines which will assist doctors and healthcare
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NATIONAL ELECTRONIC DISEASE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM (NEDSS)
The National Electronic Disease Surveillance System (NEDSS) project is a public health initiative to provide a standard-based, integrated approach to disease surveillance and to connect public health surveillance to the burgeoning clinical information systems infrastructure. NEDS...
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Consequences of dysthyroidism on the digestive tract and viscera
Daher, Ronald; Yazbeck, Thierry; Jaoude, Joe Bou; Abboud, Bassam
2009-01-01
Thyroid hormones define basal metabolism throughout the body, particularly in the intestine and viscera. Gastrointestinal manifestations of dysthyroidism are numerous and involve all portions of the tract. Thyroid hormone action on motility has been widely studied, but more complex pathophysiologic mechanisms have been indicated by some studies although these are not fully understood. Both thyroid hormone excess and deficiency can have similar digestive manifestations, such as diarrhea, although the mechanism is different in each situation. The liver is the most affected organ in both hypo- and hyperthyroidism. Specific digestive diseases may be associated with autoimmune thyroid processes, such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and Grave’s disease. Among them, celiac sprue and primary biliary cirrhosis are the most frequent although a clear common mechanism has never been proven. Overall, thyroid-related digestive manifestations were described decades ago but studies are still needed in order to confirm old concepts or elucidate undiscovered mechanisms. All practitioners must be aware of digestive symptoms due to dysthyroidism in order to avoid misdiagnosis of rare but potentially lethal situations. PMID:19533804
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Tegethoff, Marion; Stalujanis, Esther; Belardi, Angelo; Meinlschmidt, Gunther
2016-01-01
Background The objective was to estimate temporal associations between mental disorders and physical diseases in adolescents with mental-physical comorbidities. Methods This article bases upon weighted data (N = 6483) from the National Comorbidity Survey Adolescent Supplement (participant age: 13–18 years), a nationally representative United States cohort. Onset of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition lifetime mental disorders was assessed with the fully structured World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview, complemented by parent report. Onset of lifetime medical conditions and doctor-diagnosed diseases was assessed by self-report. Results The most substantial temporal associations with onset of mental disorders preceding onset of physical diseases included those between affective disorders and arthritis (hazard ratio (HR) = 3.36, 95%-confidence interval (CI) = 1.95 to 5.77) and diseases of the digestive system (HR = 3.39, CI = 2.30 to 5.00), between anxiety disorders and skin diseases (HR = 1.53, CI = 1.21 to 1.94), and between substance use disorders and seasonal allergies (HR = 0.33, CI = 0.17 to 0.63). The most substantial temporal associations with physical diseases preceding mental disorders included those between heart diseases and anxiety disorders (HR = 1.89, CI = 1.41 to 2.52), epilepsy and eating disorders (HR = 6.27, CI = 1.58 to 24.96), and heart diseases and any mental disorder (HR = 1.39, CI = 1.11 to 1.74). Conclusions Findings suggest that mental disorders are antecedent risk factors of certain physical diseases in early life, but also vice versa. Our results expand the relevance of mental disorders beyond mental to physical health care, and vice versa, supporting the concept of a more integrated mental-physical health care approach, and open new starting points for early disease prevention and better treatments, with relevance for various medical disciplines. PMID:27768751
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Important roles of P2Y receptors in the inflammation and cancer of digestive system.
Wan, Han-Xing; Hu, Jian-Hong; Xie, Rei; Yang, Shi-Ming; Dong, Hui
2016-05-10
Purinergic signaling is important for many biological processes in humans. Purinoceptors P2Y are widely distributed in human digestive system and different subtypes of P2Y receptors mediate different physiological functions from metabolism, proliferation, differentiation to apoptosis etc. The P2Y receptors are essential in many gastrointestinal functions and also involve in the occurrence of some digestive diseases. Since different subtypes of P2Y receptors are present on the same cell of digestive organs, varying subtypes of P2Y receptors may have opposite or synergetic functions on the same cell. Recently, growing lines of evidence strongly suggest the involvement of P2Y receptors in the pathogenesis of several digestive diseases. In this review, we will focus on their important roles in the development of digestive inflammation and cancer. We anticipate that as the special subtypes of P2Y receptors are studied in depth, specific modulators for them will have good potentials to become promising new drugs to treat human digestive diseases in the near future.
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Digest of Key Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008. NSB-08-2
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Science Foundation, 2008
2008-01-01
This digest of key science and engineering indicators draws primarily from the National Science Board's two-volume "Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008" report. The digest serves two purposes: (1) to draw attention to important trends and data points from across the chapters and volumes of "Science and Engineering Indicators, 2008," and (2)…
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Selective decontamination of the digestive tract.
Krueger, Wolfgang A; Unertl, Klaus E
2002-04-01
Ventilator-associated pneumonia usually originates from the patient's oropharyngeal microflora. In selective digestive decontamination, topical antibiotics are applied to the oropharynx and stomach for prevention of pneumonia and other infections, possibly reducing infection-related mortality. Selective digestive decontamination is also used for the prevention of gut-derived infections in acute necrotizing pancreatitis and liver transplantation. Despite numerous clinical trials, selective digestive decontamination remains controversial. Reduction of the incidence of pneumonia is accepted, but the extent of reduction is debated. Mortality was not reduced in most individual trials, but this finding was calculated in meta-analyses, especially for combined use of topical and systemic antibiotics in surgical ICU patients. Some investigators reported increased resistance and a shift to Gram-positive pathogens. Today, it appears that selective means not only selective suppression of pathogenic bacteria but also selection of appropriate groups of patients for underlying diseases and severity of illness, and selection of ICUs, where the endemic resistance patterns might allow the use of selective digestive decontamination at a relatively low risk for increased selection pressure.
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Digesters in traditional Persian medicine
Mahmoudpour, Zeinab; Shirafkan, Hoda; Mojahedi, Morteza; Gorji, Narjes; Mozaffarpur, Seyyed Ali
2018-01-01
Background: Functional gastrointestinal diseases are common in general populations and comprise more than 40% visits to gastroenterologists. Treatment options of gastrointestinal diseases have been limited. There are a few medications for functional gastrointestinal diseases and some of medications are not available in the market or in the place where the patient lives. Traditional Persian medicine (TPM) is a branch of alternative and traditional medicine based on individual viewpoint and humoral theory, focuses on lifestyle modification and uses natural products to manage the patients. Methods: In this study, a set of compound drugs known as digesters (jawarishes) and other applications are described based on main TPM text books. Results: Jawarishes have different formulations containing various medicinal herbs used for better food digestion and improved gastric functions and also used for other disorders including reinforcing the brain, heart, liver and some therapeutic approaches. Conclusions: By reviewing medieval Persian pharmaceutical manuscripts, we can conclude that many herbs are effective in different systems of the body and improve gastric functions. Zingiber officinalis and Piper nigrum are mixed together to get various formulations. The variety of jawarishes formulations and their different clinical applications can indicate continuity of their use. PMID:29387312
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[Digestive disorders in rabbits and guinea pigs].
Hollmann, P
1992-12-01
Numerous digestive tract diseases in pet rabbits and guinea pigs result from both an inherent physiological predisposition and from poor feeding and husbandry. A large proportion of digestive disturbances in rabbits and guinea pigs are secondary to changes in the oral cavity caused by inadequate teeth wear. The required regular trimming of the cheek teeth using a modified spatula and hollow pair of pincers is described and illustrated. The symptoms, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of a selection of digestive disorders, as commonly encountered in small animal practice, are presented. The difficulties of using antibiotics in view of the gram positive intestinal flora and possible dysbacteria, dysentery and enterotoxaemia are considered. Finally, advice on feeding and on the rearing of orphan neonates is given.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-09
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of...: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892... Branch, DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Room 758, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892...
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[Hungarian national plan and strategy for rare diseases].
Kosztolányi, György
2014-03-02
The rarity of low prevalence diseases and the lack of information, research, diagnosis, treatment and expert availability may mean that the people affected do not benefit from the health resources and services they need. Rare diseases are considered to have little impact on society as a whole, yet they pose serious difficulties for sufferers and their families. By the end of the last century, two robust achievements in science and technology, i.e. the biotechnological and informatics revolutions, have created a real base for global approach to rare diseases by coordinating the capacities for health care, biomedical research and drug development and pooling the very limited resources available both nationally and transnationally. The European Commission has taken a number of actions which help patients and professionals to share expertise and information across borders with the objective of reducing the number of people suffering from these types of diseases. These actions together form the legal basis of the European Union policy on rare diseases. Orphan or rare diseases are now one of the priorities in the public health programmes in European Union. In 2009, the document "European Union Council Recommendation on an action in the field of rare diseases" was released with the main goal to provide national health authorities with supporting tools for the development and implementation of national plans and strategies for rare diseases by the end of 2013. This recommendation adopted by European Union Member States, allows common policy guidelines to be shared everywhere in Europe. By September 2013 the Hungarian National Plan for Rare Diseases, a health policy strategy until 2020 was finalized. The present report gives a short view on the document.
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[Disorders affecting the digestive system during sleep].
Galdón Castillo, A; Galera Mendoza, L; Egea González, A; González Olsen, A; Sánchez González, Y; Paniagua Soto, J
In this work we review the major publications dealing with disorders that affect the digestive system and how they are related to sleep. Development. Sleep disorders occur in 12-25% of the general population and a large percentage of these pathologies are related to disorders of the digestive system. We review the different pathologies and symptoms linked to the digestive tract that give rise to sleep disorders. The study first examined the upper digestive tract, that is, the teeth and teeth grinding, and we then went on to look at gastroesophageal reflux, esophageal motility disorders, peptic ulcer disease, cholelithiasis, gastric ulcer, irritable bowel, proctalgia, the extent to which the disorders are related to pregnancy, disorders at the paediatric age and eating disorders. Digestive pains during sleep form a heterogeneous clinical picture that disrupts patients' sleep and exerts an influence on their quality of daily living, which in turn may affect sleep and favour the appearance of pains. To date these symptoms have received relatively little attention, but in the few studies that have been carried out, it has not been possible to establish with any degree of accuracy whether sleep and the digestive system share common control mechanisms or not. Research into this type of disorders could help to prevent the appearance of the complications that appear in these clinical pictures.
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Teaching about Presidential Elections. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Vontz, Thomas S.; Nixon, William A.
Although elections are an annual theme in many social studies classrooms, presidential election years prompt increased interest among students in the electoral process and offer an opportunity to teach about a national election as it happens. This ERIC Digest describes the legal requirements and traditions of U.S. presidential elections, processes…
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The association between biliary tract inflammation and risk of digestive system cancers
Tsai, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Che-Chen; Peng, Cheng-Yuan; Huang, Wen-Hsin; Su, Wen-Pang; Lai, Shih-Wei; Chen, Hsuan-Ju; Lai, Hsueh-Chou
2016-01-01
Abstract The relationship between biliary tract inflammation (BTI) and digestive system cancers is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BTI and the risks of digestive system cancers. Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data, information on a cohort of patients diagnosed with BTI (n = 4398) between 2000 and 2009 was collected. A comparison cohort of sex-, age-, and index year-matched persons without BTI (n = 17,592) was selected from the same database. The disease was defined by the ICD-9-CM. Both cohorts were followed until the end of 2010 and incidences of digestive system cancers were calculated. The results revealed an increase in adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of biliary tract cancer (24.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.20–65.02), primary liver cancer (1.53; 95% CI: 1.07–2.18), and pancreatic cancer (3.10; 95% CI: 1.20–8.03) in patients with both gallbladder and BTI. The aHR of stomach cancer was also found to be increased (2.73; 95% CI: 1.28–5.81) in patients with gallbladder inflammation only. There were no differences in esophageal cancer (aHR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.23–2.87) and colorectal cancer (aHR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.59–1.45). The aHR for digestive system cancers increased by 3.66 times (95% CI: 2.50–5.35) and 12.20 times (95% CI: 8.66–17.17) in BTI visits frequency averaged 2 to 4 visits per year and frequency averaged ≥5 visits per year, respectively. Patients with BTI have significantly higher risk of digestive system cancers, particularly biliary tract, pancreatic, and primary liver cancers, compared with those who are without it. PMID:27495065
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National Kidney Disease Education Program
... Process Research Training & Career Development Funded Grants & Grant History Research Resources Research at NIDDK Technology Advancement & Transfer Meetings & Events Health Information Diabetes Digestive ...
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Patton, Charles J.; Kryskalla, Jennifer R.
2003-01-01
Alkaline persulfate digestion was evaluated and validated as a more sensitive, accurate, and less toxic alternative to Kjeldahl digestion for routine determination of nitrogen and phosphorus in surface- and ground-water samples in a large-scale and geographically diverse study conducted by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) between October 1, 2001, and September 30, 2002. Data for this study were obtained from about 2,100 surface- and ground-water samples that were analyzed for Kjeldahl nitrogen and Kjeldahl phosphorus in the course of routine operations at the USGS National Water Quality Laboratory (NWQL). These samples were analyzed independently for total nitrogen and total phosphorus using an alkaline persulfate digestion method developed by the NWQL Methods Research and Development Program. About half of these samples were collected during nominally high-flow (April-June) conditions and the other half were collected during nominally low-flow (August-September) conditions. The number of filtered and whole-water samples analyzed from each flow regime was about equal.By operational definition, Kjeldahl nitrogen (ammonium + organic nitrogen) and alkaline persulfate digestion total nitrogen (ammonium + nitrite + nitrate + organic nitrogen) are not equivalent. It was necessary, therefore, to reconcile this operational difference by subtracting nitrate + nitrite concentra-tions from alkaline persulfate dissolved and total nitrogen concentrations prior to graphical and statistical comparisons with dissolved and total Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations. On the basis of two-population paired t-test statistics, the means of all nitrate-corrected alkaline persulfate nitrogen and Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations (2,066 paired results) were significantly different from zero at the p = 0.05 level. Statistically, the means of Kjeldahl nitrogen concentrations were greater than those of nitrate-corrected alkaline persulfate nitrogen concentrations. Experimental evidence strongly
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Teaching Democracy in East Central Europe: The Case of Poland. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Remy, Richard C.
This ERIC digest discusses the Education for Democratic Citizenship in Poland (EDCP) project, a cooperative effort of the Polish Ministry of National Education, the Mershon Center at The Ohio State University, and the Bureau for Civic Education in Local Control Schools at Warsaw, Poland. The digest discusses the background of the project, the…
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Horse manure as feedstock for anaerobic digestion.
Hadin, Sa; Eriksson, Ola
2016-10-01
Horse keeping is of great economic, social and environmental benefit for society, but causes environmental impacts throughout the whole chain from feed production to manure treatment. According to national statistics, the number of horses in Sweden is continually increasing and is currently approximately 360,000. This in turn leads to increasing amounts of horse manure that have to be managed and treated. Current practices could cause local and global environmental impacts due to poor performance or lack of proper management. Horse manure with its content of nutrients and organic material can however contribute to fertilisation of arable land and recovery of renewable energy following anaerobic digestion. At present anaerobic digestion of horse manure is not a common treatment. In this paper the potential for producing biogas and biofertiliser from horse manure is analysed based on a thorough literature review in combination with mathematical modelling and simulations. Anaerobic digestion was chosen as it has a high degree of resource conservation, both in terms of energy (biogas) and nutrients (digestate). Important factors regarding manure characteristics and operating factors in the biogas plant are identified. Two crucial factors are the type and amount of bedding material used, which has strong implications for feedstock characteristics, and the type of digestion method applied (dry or wet process). Straw and waste paper are identified as the best materials in an energy point of view. While the specific methane yield decreases with a high amount of bedding, the bedding material still makes a positive contribution to the energy balance. Thermophilic digestion increases the methane generation rate and yield, compared with mesophilic digestion, but the total effect is negligible. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Children's Literature in a Time of National Tragedy. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lu, Mei-Yu
This digest is intended to guide parents and teachers in helping children deal with the attacks of September 11, 2001 through the use of literature. It begins with suggestions, guidelines, and strategies which parents and teachers can use to help children deal with the tragedy, and it discusses the role of literature in helping children at a time…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-04
...: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892..., DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Room 750, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-2542... applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-07-12
... evaluate grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy...., Scientific Review Officer, Review Branch, DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Room 759, 6707 Democracy... review and evaluate grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-07-12
...: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, Md 20892 (Telephone..., Dea, Niddk, National Institutes of Health, Room 748, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-5452... evaluate grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy...
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White, R R; Roman-Garcia, Y; Firkins, J L; VandeHaar, M J; Armentano, L E; Weiss, W P; McGill, T; Garnett, R; Hanigan, M D
2017-05-01
Evaluation of ration balancing systems such as the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements series is important for improving predictions of animal nutrient requirements and advancing feeding strategies. This work used a literature data set (n = 550) to evaluate predictions of total-tract digested neutral detergent fiber (NDF), fatty acid (FA), crude protein (CP), and nonfiber carbohydrate (NFC) estimated by the NRC (2001) dairy model. Mean biases suggested that the NRC (2001) lactating cow model overestimated true FA and CP digestibility by 26 and 7%, respectively, and under-predicted NDF digestibility by 16%. All NRC (2001) estimates had notable mean and slope biases and large root mean squared prediction error (RMSPE), and concordance (CCC) ranged from poor to good. Predicting NDF digestibility with independent equations for legumes, corn silage, other forages, and nonforage feeds improved CCC (0.85 vs. 0.76) compared with the re-derived NRC (2001) equation form (NRC equation with parameter estimates re-derived against this data set). Separate FA digestion coefficients were derived for different fat supplements (animal fats, oils, and other fat types) and for the basal diet. This equation returned improved (from 0.76 to 0.94) CCC compared with the re-derived NRC (2001) equation form. Unique CP digestibility equations were derived for forages, animal protein feeds, plant protein feeds, and other feeds, which improved CCC compared with the re-derived NRC (2001) equation form (0.74 to 0.85). New NFC digestibility coefficients were derived for grain-specific starch digestibilities, with residual organic matter assumed to be 98% digestible. A Monte Carlo cross-validation was performed to evaluate repeatability of model fit. In this procedure, data were randomly subsetted 500 times into derivation (60%) and evaluation (40%) data sets, and equations were derived using the derivation data and then evaluated against the independent evaluation data. Models
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Respiratory diseases registries in the national registry of rare diseases.
Lara Gallego, Beatriz; Abaitua Borda, Ignacio; Galán Gil, Genaro; Castillo Villegas, Diego; Casanova Espinosa, Álvaro; Cano Jiménez, Esteban; Ojanguren Arranz, Iñigo; Posada de la Paz, Manuel
2014-09-01
This report describes the general characteristics, objectives and organizational aspects of the registries of rare respiratory diseases included in the National Registry of Rare Diseases of the Research Institute for Rare Diseases (ISCIII), in order to publicize their existence and encourage the participation of professionals. Information is collected on the following conditions: alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency, idiopathic tracheal stenosis, adult pulmonary Langerhans' cell histiocytosis, lymphangioleiomyomatosis, alveolar proteinosis, and sarcoidosis. Copyright © 2013 SEPAR. Published by Elsevier Espana. All rights reserved.
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Digestion of Protein in Premature and Term Infants
Dallas, David C; Underwood, Mark A; Zivkovic, Angela M.; German, J. Bruce
2014-01-01
Premature birth rates and premature infant morbidity remain discouragingly high. Improving nourishment for these infants is the key for accelerating their development and decreasing disease risk. Dietary protein is essential for growth and development of infants. Studies on protein nourishment for premature infants have focused on protein requirements for catch-up growth, nitrogen balance, and digestive protease concentrations and activities. However, little is known about the processes and products of protein digestion in the premature infant. This review briefly summarizes the protein requirements of term and preterm infants, and the protein content of milk from women delivering preterm and at term. An in-depth review is presented of the current knowledge of term and preterm infant dietary protein digestion, including human milk protease and anti-protease concentrations; neonatal intestinal pH, and enzyme activities and concentrations; and protein fermentation by intestinal bacteria. The advantages and disadvantages of incomplete protein digestion as well as factors that increase resistance to proteolysis of particular proteins are discussed. In order to better understand protein digestion in preterm and term infants, future studies should examine protein and peptide fragment products of digestion in saliva, gastric, intestinal and fecal samples, as well as the effects of the gut micro biome on protein degradation. The confluence of new mass spectrometry technology and new bioinformatics programs will now allow thorough identification of the array of peptides produced in the infant as they are digested. PMID:24744976
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Assessment for American Indian and Alaska Native Learners. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bordeaux, Roger
This digest examines the use of standardized, nationally normed testing in assessing the progress of American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) students and describes alternative forms of assessment. For years, researchers have criticized the overuse of standardized, nationally normed tests to assess learner and school success. Problems with such…
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Striving for Excellence: The National Education Goals.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
ACCESS ERIC, Rockville, MD.
This compilation of ERIC Digests describes issues, highlights exemplary programs and promising practices, and explains research results that can assist educators in achieving the far-reaching national education goals adopted by the President and the governors in 1990. The two lead digests are "An Overview of the Six National Education…
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Sincu, Nina-Ioana; Mocan, Simona; Chiriac, Lucia Carmen; Băţagă, Simona
2014-01-01
Gastrointestinal symptoms are among the most frequent complaints of patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). An endoscopic and histopathological survey of digestive tract diseases among HIV-infected patients monitored in the Clinic of Infectious Diseases I from Tirgu Mures, Romania. Retrospective, observational study, on a group of 38 HIV-positive patients admitted to the Clinic of Infectious Diseases I from Tirgu Mures, Romania, during 2006-2013, undergoing upper/lower endoscopy. We collected data regarding the results of endoscopy and histopathological examination, CD4+ T-lymphocytes levels, microbiological examinations and outcome. Statistical analysis, performed by using Microsoft Office Excel 2007 and GraphPad Prism 5 programs, included contingency tables analysis and comparing means. Our study depicted a variety of digestive disorders among HIV-infected patients, ranging from opportunistic infections to HIV enteropathy and non-HIV-associated conditions. The presence of Candida esophagitis implied significantly lower levels of CD4+ T-cells (p=0.0043). We found a statistically significant negative association between antiretroviral therapy and the presence of opportunistic infections (p=0.0375, OR=0.2030, 95% CI 0.0423-0.9741). Thirteen (34.21%) patients died, mostly due to tuberculosis and central nervous system infections. All were diagnosed with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). HIV-infected patients experience a wide variety of digestive tract disorders, both AIDS-defining illnesses and non-HIV-associated conditions. Gastrointestinal opportunistic infections occur more often among patients with low CD4+ T-cells levels and in those not receiving antiretroviral therapy. Although digestive conditions did not represent direct causes of death in our study, they may predict an unfavorable outcome in AIDS-stage patients.
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Microwave digestion preparation and ICP determination of boron in human plasma
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ferrando, A. A.; Green, N. R.; Barnes, K. W.; Woodward, B.
1993-01-01
A microwave digestion procedure, followed by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectroscopy, is described for the determination of boron (B) in human plasma. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) currently does not certify the concentration of B in any substance. The NIST citrus leaves 1572 (CL) Standard Reference Material (SRM) and wheat flour 1567a (WF) were chosen to determine the efficacy of digestion. CL and WF values compare favorably to those obtained from an open-vessel, wet digestion followed by ICP, and by neutron activation and mass spectrometric measurements. Plasma samples were oxidized by doubled-distilled ultrapure HNO3 in 120 mL PFA Teflon vessels. An MDS-81D microwave digestion procedure allows for rapid and relatively precise determination of B in human plasma, while limiting handling hazards and sources of contamination.
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Probiotics in digestive diseases: focus on Lactobacillus GG.
Pace, F; Pace, M; Quartarone, G
2015-12-01
Probiotics are becoming increasingly important in basic and clinical research, but they are also a subject of considerable economic interest due to their expanding popularity. They are live micro-organisms which, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit to the host. From this very well-known definition, it is clear that, unlike drugs, probiotics might be useful in healthy subjects to reduce the risk of developing certain diseases or to optimise some physiological functions. They also may offer some advantages in already ill persons in relieving symptoms and signs, e.g. people with acute diarrhea. According to current definitions, probiotics should survive both gastric acid and bile to reach the small intestine and colon, where they exert their effects. Many of these are available in a lyophilized (freeze-dried) pill form, though some are available in yogurt or as packets (sachets), which can be mixed into non-carbonated drinks. The present review focuses on three main issues: 1) understanding why, at present, probiotics are so interesting for doctors and consumers; 2) reviewing the available data on probiotic use in digestive diseases, in particular irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), (prevention of) infectious diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and colorectal cancer (CRC); 3) highlighting the individual profile of Lactobacillus GG (LGG) in the above contexts, providing an assessment as well as recommendations on its use in gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) disorders. Research studies conducted in animals and humans with the main probiotics strains for GIT diseases, and published from the early 1990s to 2014 have been considered. PubMed, Medline and Ovid were the main sources adopted for data retrieving. The increasing attention on probiotics is a direct consequence of the improvement in the techniques for studying microbiota. Until recently, its composition has been analysed by culture-based methods
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Role of microRNA-7 in digestive system malignancy.
Chen, Wan-Qun; Hu, Ling; Chen, Geng-Xin; Deng, Hai-Xia
2016-01-15
There are several malignancies of the digestive system (including gastric, pancreatic and colorectal cancers, and hepatocellular carcinoma), which are the most common types of cancer and a major cause of death worldwide. MicroRNA (miR)-7 is abundant in the pancreas, playing an important role in pancreatic development and endocrine function. Expression of miR-7 is downregulated in digestive system malignancies compared with normal tissue. Although there are contrasting results for miR-7 expression, almost all research reveals that miR-7 is a tumor suppressor, by targeting various genes in specific pathways. Moreover, miR-7 can target different genes simultaneously in different malignancies of the digestive system. By acting on many cytokines, miR-7 is also involved in many gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases as a significant carcinogenic factor. Consequently, miR-7 might be a biomarker or therapeutic target gene in digestive system malignancies.
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Helping the Underachiever in Reading. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Quatroche, Diana J.
Noting that the development of effective intervention programs and instructional strategies for the struggling or underachieving reader continues to be a topic of concern, this Digest first reviews the current status of reading performance, based on the 1998 National Assessment of Educational Progress. It then reports on the importance of early…
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Starch Structure Influences Its Digestibility: A Review.
Magallanes-Cruz, Perla A; Flores-Silva, Pamela C; Bello-Perez, Luis A
2017-09-01
Twenty-five years ago, it was found that a significant fraction of the starch present in foods is not digested in the small intestine and continues to the large intestine, where it is fermented by the microbiota; this fraction was named resistant starch (RS). It was also reported that there is a fraction of starch that is slowly digested, sustaining a release of glucose in the small intestine. Later, health benefits were found to be associated with the consumption of this fraction, called slowly digestible starch (SDS). The authors declare both fractions to be "nutraceutical starch." An overview of the structure of both fractions (RS and SDS), as well as their nutraceutical characteristics, is presented with the objective of suggesting methods and processes that will increase both fractions in starchy foods and prevent diseases that are associated with the consumption of glycemic carbohydrates. © 2017 Institute of Food Technologists®.
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Qi, Jin F; Jia, Cai H; Shin, Jung A; Woo, Jeong M; Wang, Xiang Y; Park, Jong T; Hong, Soon T; Lee, K-T
2016-02-01
In this study, a pH-stat digestion model and a simulated in vitro digestion model were employed to evaluate the digestion degree of lipids depending on different acylglycerols and acyl chain length (that is, diacylglycerol [DAG] compared with soybean oil representing long-chain triacylglycerol compared with medium-chain triacylglycerol [MCT]). In the pH-stat digestion model, differences were observed among the digestion degrees of 3 oils using digestion rate (k), digestion half-time (t1/2 ), and digestion extent (Φmax). The results showed the digestion rate order was MCT > soybean oil > DAG. Accordingly, the order of digestion half-times was MCT < soybean oil < DAG. In simulated in vitro digestion model, digestion rates (k') and digestion half-times (t'1/2 ) were also obtained and the results showed a digestion rate order of MCT (k' = 0.068 min(-1) ) > soybean oil (k' = 0.037 min(-1) ) > DAG (k' = 0.024 min(-1) ). Consequently, the order of digestion half-times was MCT (t'1/2 = 10.20 min) < soybean oil (t'1/2 = 18.74 min) < DAG (t'1/2 = 29.08 min). The parameters obtained using the 2 models showed MCT was digested faster than soybean oil, and that soybean oil was digested faster than DAG. © 2015 Institute of Food Technologists®
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Frogs as integrative models for understanding digestive organ development and evolution.
Womble, Mandy; Pickett, Melissa; Nascone-Yoder, Nanette
2016-03-01
The digestive system comprises numerous cells, tissues and organs that are essential for the proper assimilation of nutrients and energy. Many aspects of digestive organ function are highly conserved among vertebrates, yet the final anatomical configuration of the gut varies widely between species, especially those with different diets. Improved understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that orchestrate digestive organ development is pertinent to many areas of biology and medicine, including the regeneration or replacement of diseased organs, the etiology of digestive organ birth defects, and the evolution of specialized features of digestive anatomy. In this review, we highlight specific examples of how investigations using Xenopus laevis frog embryos have revealed insight into the molecular and cellular dynamics of digestive organ patterning and morphogenesis that would have been difficult to obtain in other animal models. Additionally, we discuss recent studies of gut development in non-model frog species with unique feeding strategies, such as Lepidobatrachus laevis and Eleutherodactylous coqui, which are beginning to provide glimpses of the evolutionary mechanisms that may generate morphological variation in the digestive tract. The unparalleled experimental versatility of frog embryos make them excellent, integrative models for studying digestive organ development across multiple disciplines. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Frogs as integrative models for understanding digestive organ development and evolution
Womble, Mandy; Pickett, Melissa; Nascone-Yoder, Nanette
2016-01-01
The digestive system comprises numerous cells, tissues and organs that are essential for the proper assimilation of nutrients and energy. Many aspects of digestive organ function are highly conserved among vertebrates, yet the final anatomical configuration of the gut varies widely between species, especially those with different diets. Improved understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events that orchestrate digestive organ development is pertinent to many areas of biology and medicine, including the regeneration or replacement of diseased organs, the etiology of digestive organ birth defects, and the evolution of specialized features of digestive anatomy. In this review, we highlight specific examples of how investigations using Xenopus laevis frog embryos have revealed insight into the molecular and cellular dynamics of digestive organ patterning and morphogenesis that would have been difficult to obtain in other animal models. Additionally, we discuss recent studies of gut development in non-model frog species with unique feeding strategies, such as Lepidobatrachus laev is and Eleutherodactylouscoqui, which are beginning to provide glimpses of the evolutionary mechanisms that may generate morphological variation in the digestive tract. The unparalleled experimental versatility of frog embryos make them excellent, integrative models for studying digestive organ development across multiple disciplines. PMID:26851628
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-01
...: National Institutes of Health, One Democracy Plaza, 6701 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892... Branch, DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Room 758, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892... applications. [[Page 59941
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Television Violence: Content, Context, and Consequences. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Aidman, Amy
This digest reports recent findings on violent television content, highlights the recently developed television ratings system, and offers suggestions for parental mediation of children's television viewing. The National Television Violence Study has demonstrated that not all violence is equal. Certain plot elements in portrayals of violence are…
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Agricultural anaerobic digestion power plants in Ireland and Germany: policy and practice.
Auer, Agathe; Vande Burgt, Nathan H; Abram, Florence; Barry, Gerald; Fenton, Owen; Markey, Bryan K; Nolan, Stephen; Richards, Karl; Bolton, Declan; De Waal, Theo; Gordon, Stephen V; O'Flaherty, Vincent; Whyte, Paul; Zintl, Annetta
2017-02-01
The process of anaerobic digestion (AD) is valued as a carbon-neutral energy source, while simultaneously treating organic waste, making it safer for disposal or use as a fertilizer on agricultural land. The AD process in many European nations, such as Germany, has grown from use of small, localized digesters to the operation of large-scale treatment facilities, which contribute significantly to national renewable energy quotas. However, these large AD plants are costly to run and demand intensive farming of energy crops for feedstock. Current policy in Germany has transitioned to support funding for smaller digesters, while also limiting the use of energy crops. AD within Ireland, as a new technology, is affected by ambiguous governmental policies concerning waste and energy. A clear governmental strategy supporting on-site AD processing of agricultural waste will significantly reduce Ireland's carbon footprint, improve the safety and bioavailability of agricultural waste, and provide an indigenous renewable energy source. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Kohan, Donald E; Parker, Mark G; Furth, Susan L; Hudson, Billy G; Warburton, Karen M; Rys-Sikora, Krystyna E; Rankin, Tracy L
2014-06-06
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases conducted the Kidney Research National Dialogue as an interactive means to formulate and prioritize research goals necessary to address the needs of patients with renal disease. This commentary summarizes the discussion and priorities arising from the training domain of the dialogue and posits three overall strategies to broaden the nephrology research workforce pipeline. The community needs to recruit and provide support for mentors in nephrology, target medical and graduate students earlier in their education for exposure to renal research, and expand the research workforce to include basic scientists from many disciplines as well as under-represented minorities. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society of Nephrology.
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Some Recent Ideas on School Feeding. UNESCO-UNICEF-WFP Co-operative Programme Digest No. 21.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chicot, Claude; And Others
This digest for national and international officials, educational administrators, teacher trainers, and teachers addresses the purposes and goals of school feeding projects. Projects that both do and do not receive donated food from abroad are considered. The digest is introduced with a discussion of background information. This discussion raises…
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Oliveira, Tatiana da Silva Fonseca de; Santos, Barbara Neves Dos; Galdino, Tainah Silva; Hasslocher-Moreno, Alejandro Marcel; Bastos, Otilio Machado Pereira; Sousa, Maria Auxiliadora de
2017-01-01
Trypanosoma cruzi is the etiologic agent of Chagas disease in humans, mainly in Latin America. Trypanosome stocks were isolated by hemoculture from patients followed at Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases (FIOCRUZ) and studied using different approaches. For species and genotype identification, the stocks were analyzed by parasitological techniques, polymerase chain reaction assays targeted to specific DNA sequences, isoenzyme patterns, besides sequencing of a polymorphic locus of TcSC5D gene (one stock). The isolates presented typical T. cruzi morphology and usually grew well in routine culture media. Metacyclic trypomastigotes were found in cultures or experimentally infected Triatoma infestans. All isolates were pure T. cruzi cultures, presenting typical 330-bp products from kinetoplast DNA minicircles, and 250 or 200-bp amplicons from the mini-exon non-transcribed spacer. Their genetic type assignment was resolved by their isoenzyme profiles. The finding of TcI in one asymptomatic patient from Paraíba was confirmed by the sequencing assay. TcVI was found in two asymptomatic individuals from Bahia and Rio Grande do Sul. TcII was identified in six patients from Pernambuco, Bahia and Minas Gerais, who presented different clinical forms: cardiac (2), digestive with megaesophagus (1), and indeterminate (3). The main T. cruzi genotypes found in Brazilian chronic patients were identified in this work, including TcI, which is less frequent and usually causes asymptomatic disease, unlike that in other American countries. This study emphasizes the importance of T. cruzi genotyping for possible correlations between the parasite and patient' responses to therapeutic treatment or disease clinical manifestations.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-02
... Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892 (Telephone Conference..., National Institutes of Health, Room 760, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-5452, (301) 594-3993... and evaluate grant applications. Place: National Institutes of Health, Two Democracy Plaza, 6707...
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Grosvenor, Anita J; Haigh, Brendan J; Dyer, Jolon M
2014-11-01
The extent to which nutritional and functional benefit is derived from proteins in food is related to its breakdown and digestion in the body after consumption. Further, detailed information about food protein truncation during digestion is critical to understanding and optimising the availability of bioactives, in controlling and limiting allergen release, and in minimising or monitoring the effects of processing and food preparation. However, tracking the complex array of products formed during the digestion of proteins is not easily accomplished using classical proteomics. We here present and develop a novel proteomic approach using isobaric labelling to mapping and tracking protein truncation and peptide release during simulated gastric digestion, using bovine lactoferrin as a model food protein. The relative abundance of related peptides was tracked throughout a digestion time course, and the effect of pasteurisation on peptide release assessed. The new approach to food digestion proteomics developed here therefore appears to be highly suitable not only for tracking the truncation and relative abundance of released peptides during gastric digestion, but also for determining the effects of protein modification on digestibility and potential bioavailability.
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Huhtanen, P; Seppälä, A; Ahvenjärvi, S; Rinne, M
2008-10-01
Eleven 1-pool, seven 2-pool, and three 3-pool models were compared in fitting gas production data and predicting in vivo NDF digestibility and effective first-order digestion rate of potentially digestible NDF (pdNDF). Isolated NDF from 15 grass silages harvested at different stages of maturity was incubated in triplicate in rumen fluid-buffer solution for 72 h to estimate the digestion kinetics from cumulative gas production profiles. In vivo digestibility was estimated by the total fecal collection method in sheep fed at a maintenance level of feeding. The concentration of pdNDF was estimated by a 12-d in situ incubation. The parameter values from gas production profiles and pdNDF were used in a 2-compartment rumen model to predict pdNDF digestibility using 50 h of rumen residence time distributed in a ratio of 0.4:0.6 between the non-escapable and escapable pools. The effective first-order digestion rate was computed both from observed in vivo and model-predicted pdNDF digestibility assuming the passage kinetic model described above. There were marked differences between the models in fitting the gas production data. The fit improved with increasing number of pools, suggesting that silage pdNDF is not a homogenous substrate. Generally, the models predicted in vivo NDF digestibility and digestion rate accurately. However, a good fit of gas production data was not necessarily translated into improved predictions of the in vivo data. The models overestimating the asymptotic gas volumes tended to underestimate the in vivo digestibility. Investigating the time-related residuals during the later phases of fermentation is important when the data are used to estimate the first-order digestion rate of pdNDF. Relatively simple models such as the France model or even a single exponential model with discrete lag period satisfied the minimum criteria for a good model. Further, the comparison of feedstuffs on the basis of parameter values is more unequivocal than in the case
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DeForte, Shelly; Reddy, Krishna D; Uversky, Vladimir N
2013-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins is overwhelming. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we continue a “Digested Disorder” project and represent a series of reader’s digest type articles objectively representing the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only 2 criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest issue covers papers published during the period of April, May, and June of 2013. The papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings. PMID:28516028
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Challenges in Building Disease-Based National Health Accounts
Rosen, Allison B.; Cutler, David M.
2012-01-01
Background Measuring spending on diseases is critical to assessing the value of medical care. Objective To review the current state of cost of illness (COI) estimation methods, identifying their strengths, limitations and uses. We briefly describe the current National Health Expenditure Accounts (NHEA), and then go on to discuss the addition of COI estimation to the NHEA. Conclusion Recommendations are made for future research aimed at identifying the best methods for developing and using disease-based national health accounts to optimize the information available to policymakers as they struggle with difficult resource allocation decisions. PMID:19536017
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Anaerobic Digestion and its Applications
Anaerobic digestion is a natural biological process. The initials "AD" may refer to the process of anaerobic digestion, or the built systems of anaerobic digesters. While there are many kinds of digesters, the biology is basically the same for all. Anaerobic digesters are built...
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Reddy, Krishna D; DeForte, Shelly; Uversky, Vladimir N
2014-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins grows fast. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we continue a “Digested Disorder” project and represent a new issue of reader’s digest of the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only 2 criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest issue covers papers published during the third quarter of 2013; i.e., during the period of June, July, and September of 2013. Similar to previous issues, the papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings. PMID:28232877
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Modeling Red Blood Cell and Iron Dynamics in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
2012-02-10
level in the body. Most patients with CKD have elevated levels of inflammation due to CKD and the presence of other medical issues (e.g., diabetes ...Blood, 37 (1971), 725–732. [11] Chung-Che Chang, Yayan Chen, Kapil Modi , Omar Awar, Clarence P. Alfrey, and Lawrence Rice, Changes of red blood cell...National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, Bethesda, MD, 2008. [43] M. M. Udden, T. B. Driscoll, M
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77 FR 66519 - National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, 2012
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-06
... National Alzheimer's Disease Awareness Month, 2012 By the President of the United States of America A Proclamation Every day, families across our country confront the tragic realities of Alzheimer's disease--an.... As the number of older Americans grows in the coming years, Alzheimer's disease will continue to pose...
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Intermediate filament proteins of digestive organs: physiology and pathophysiology.
Omary, M Bishr
2017-06-01
Intermediate filament proteins (IFs), such as cytoplasmic keratins in epithelial cells and vimentin in mesenchymal cells and the nuclear lamins, make up one of the three major cytoskeletal protein families. Whether in digestive organs or other tissues, IFs share several unique features including stress-inducible overexpression, abundance, cell-selective and differentiation state expression, and association with >80 human diseases when mutated. Whereas most IF mutations cause disease, mutations in simple epithelial keratins 8, 18, or 19 or in lamin A/C predispose to liver disease with or without other tissue manifestations. Keratins serve major functions including protection from apoptosis, providing cellular and subcellular mechanical integrity, protein targeting to subcellular compartments, and scaffolding and regulation of cell-signaling processes. Keratins are essential for Mallory-Denk body aggregate formation that occurs in association with several liver diseases, whereas an alternate type of keratin and lamin aggregation occurs upon liver involvement in porphyria. IF-associated diseases have no known directed therapy, but high-throughput drug screening to identify potential therapies is an appealing ongoing approach. Despite the extensive current knowledge base, much remains to be discovered regarding IF physiology and pathophysiology in digestive and nondigestive organs. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.
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Studying Watersheds: A Confluence of Important Ideas. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haury, David L.
This digest explains how the study of watersheds can serve to connect concept and skill development across subject areas and grade levels for curriculum reform and standards-based assessment. Specific resources are organized into watersheds in the curriculum, connections to National Standards, watershed concepts and activities, watershed education…
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Annotating a "Reader's Digest" Article--'The NEA: A Washington Lobby Run Rampant.'
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Methvin, Eugene H.; Herndon, Terry
1979-01-01
The copy of a "Reader's Digest" article critical of the political activities of the National Education Association (NEA) is run with marginal comments written by Terry Herndon, NEA executive director. (IRT)
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Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive system. It is one of a group of diseases called inflammatory ... small intestine called the ileum. The cause of Crohn's disease is unknown. It may be due to an ...
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Celiac disease and new diseases related to gluten
Jiménez Ortega, Ana Isabel; Martínez García, Rosa María; Quiles Blanco, María José; Majid Abu Naji, Jamil Abdel; González Iglesias, María José
2016-07-12
Celiac disease is the most common chronic intestinal disease. Nowadays it´s known that this is a multisistemic pathology of immune mechanism, triggered by gluten, which occurs in genetically susceptible individuals. It affects approximately 1% of the world population, which is a very high prevalence, affects all age groups and has symptoms both digestive and extra-digestive. Since it is a disease that requires maintaining a gluten-free diet and medical monitoring for life, it is important to know it and establish its diagnosis properly. Along with celiac disease a number of new diseases related to gluten are diagnosed increasingly, including the non celiac gluten sensitivity or wheat allergy. The suffering of celiac disease, or other related diseases, by conditioning diet changes of the affected individual, it may be associated with nutritional imbalances that need to monitor and try to solve. Therefore patients with this problem need special nutritional advice.
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Anaerobic digestion of food waste: A review focusing on process stability.
Li, Lei; Peng, Xuya; Wang, Xiaoming; Wu, Di
2018-01-01
Food waste (FW) is rich in biomass energy, and increasing numbers of national programs are being established to recover energy from FW using anaerobic digestion (AD). However process instability is a common operational issue for AD of FW. Process monitoring and control as well as microbial management can be used to control instability and increase the energy conversion efficiency of anaerobic digesters. Here, we review research progress related to these methods and identify existing limitations to efficient AD; recommendations for future research are also discussed. Process monitoring and control are suitable for evaluating the current operational status of digesters, whereas microbial management can facilitate early diagnosis and process optimization. Optimizing and combining these two methods are necessary to improve AD efficiency. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Alzheimer's disease research in the context of the national plan to address Alzheimer's disease.
Snyder, Heather M; Hendrix, James; Bain, Lisa J; Carrillo, Maria C
2015-01-01
In 2012, the first National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease in the United States (U.S.) was released, a component of the National Alzheimer's Project Act legislation. Since that time, there have been incremental increases in U.S. federal funding for Alzheimer's disease and related dementia research, particularly in the areas of biomarker discovery, genetic link and related biological underpinnings, and prevention studies for Alzheimer's. A central theme in each of these areas has been the emphasis of cross-sector collaboration and private-public partnerships between government, non-profit organizations and for-profit organizations. This paper will highlight multiple private-public partnerships supporting the advancement of Alzheimer's research in the context of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Digested disorder: Quarterly intrinsic disorder digest (April-May-June, 2013).
DeForte, Shelly; Reddy, Krishna D; Uversky, Vladimir N
2013-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins is overwhelming. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we continue a "Digested Disorder" project and represent a series of reader's digest type articles objectively representing the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only 2 criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest issue covers papers published during the period of April, May, and June of 2013. The papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings.
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Jasek, A; Latham, R E; Mañón, A; Llamas-Moya, S; Adhikari, R; Poureslami, R; Lee, J T
2018-06-08
Exogenous enzymatic supplementation of poultry feeds, including α-galactosidase and xylanase, has been shown to increase metabolically available energy, although little information has been published on the impact on amino acid digestibility. An experiment was conducted to investigate a multicarbohydrase containing α-galactosidase and xylanase on amino acid digestibility, ileal digestible energy (IDE), and CP in male broiler chicks. The experiment was a 2 × 2 (diet × enzyme) factorial arrangement with 15 replicates of 8 male broilers per replicate raised for 21 d in a battery setting. The 2 dietary treatments included a positive control (PC) and a negative control (NC) diet formulated to contain 2.5% less calculated AME and digestible amino acids. Each of these diets was fed with and without enzyme. Broilers were fed a starter diet from 0-14 d (crumble) and a grower from 14-21 d (pellet). Birds were sampled on day 21 to determine ileal amino acid digestibility, IDE, and CP digestibility. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was used as an indigestible marker for the determination of digestibility coefficients. Total ileal amino acid digestibility was increased (P = 0.008) by 3.80% with the inclusion of enzyme. Methionine and lysine digestibility was improved (P < 0.05) with the inclusion of enzyme by 3.37% and 2.61%, respectively. Enzyme inclusion increased (P = 0.001) cysteine digestibility by 9.3%. Diet-influenced ileal amino acid digestibility with tryptophan, threonine, isoleucine, and valine digestibility being increased (P < 0.05) in the PC when compared to the NC. IDE was decreased (P = 0.037) in broilers fed the NC diet by 100 kcal/kg feed when compared to broilers fed the PC diet. Enzyme inclusion increased (P = 0.047) IDE value by 90 kcal/kg. Crude protein digestibility was not influenced by diet; however, similar improvements in CP digestibility with enzyme inclusion were observed as with energy. These data support the benefits of a multicarbohydrase containing
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Dai, Cong; Wang, Meng; Lu, Jun; Dai, Zhiming; Lin, Shuai; Yang, Pengtao; Tian, Tian; Liu, Xinghan; Min, Weili; Dai, Zhijun
2017-01-01
PD-L1 has been reported to be expressed in diverse human malignancies. However, the prognostic value of PD-L1 in digestive system cancers remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the prognostic impact of PD-L1 expression in digestive system cancers. We searched the PubMed, Embase, and the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure for publications concerning PD-L1 expression in digestive system cancers. Correlations of PD-L1 expression level with overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were analyzed. Finally, 32 studies with 7,308 patients were included. Our results show that PD-L1 expression was significantly associated with poorer OS (hazard ratio [HR] =1.44, 95% confidence interval [CI] =1.18-1.76, P <0.001), but not DFS (HR =0.91, 95% CI =0.61-1.37, P =0.657) or RFS (HR =1.27, 95% CI =0.75-2.14, P =0.368). Moreover, in the subgroup analysis, significant associations between PD-L1 expression and OS were found in Asians (HR =1.50, 95% CI =1.19-1.89, P =0.001), gastric cancer (HR =1.43, 95% CI =1.05-1.94, P =0.021), and pancreatic carcinoma (HR =2.64, 95% CI =1.78-3.93, P <0.001). These results suggest that the expression of PD-L1 is associated with worse OS in digestive system cancers, especially in gastric cancer and pancreatic cancer. In addition, PD-L1 may act as a new parameter for predicting poor prognosis and a promising target for anticancer therapy in digestive system cancers.
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Standards for the High School Psychology Course. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Morganett, L. Lee
The latest contribution to the content standards boom that began in the 1990s comes from the American Psychological Association (APA), which recently published "National Standards for the Teaching of High School Psychology." This Digest discusses: (1) the origin and purposes of the project to develop standards for high school psychology…
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Uversky, Vladimir N
2013-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins is blooming. A simple PubMed search for “intrinsically disordered protein OR natively unfolded protein” returns about 1,800 hits (as of June 17, 2013), with many papers published quite recently. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we are starting a “Digested Disorder” project, which will encompass a series of reader’s digest type of publications aiming at the objective representation of the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only two criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest covers papers published during the period of January, February and March of 2013. The papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings. PMID:28516015
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75 FR 48977 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) [[Page 48978
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Digested disorder: Quarterly intrinsic disorder digest (July-August-September, 2013).
Reddy, Krishna D; DeForte, Shelly; Uversky, Vladimir N
2014-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins grows fast. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we continue a "Digested Disorder" project and represent a new issue of reader's digest of the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only 2 criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest issue covers papers published during the third quarter of 2013; i.e., during the period of June, July, and September of 2013. Similar to previous issues, the papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings.
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Tsai, Tsung-Yu; Lin, Che-Chen; Peng, Cheng-Yuan; Huang, Wen-Hsin; Su, Wen-Pang; Lai, Shih-Wei; Chen, Hsuan-Ju; Lai, Hsueh-Chou
2016-08-01
The relationship between biliary tract inflammation (BTI) and digestive system cancers is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the association between BTI and the risks of digestive system cancers.Using the Taiwan National Health Insurance claims data, information on a cohort of patients diagnosed with BTI (n = 4398) between 2000 and 2009 was collected. A comparison cohort of sex-, age-, and index year-matched persons without BTI (n = 17,592) was selected from the same database. The disease was defined by the ICD-9-CM. Both cohorts were followed until the end of 2010 and incidences of digestive system cancers were calculated.The results revealed an increase in adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) of biliary tract cancer (24.45; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 9.20-65.02), primary liver cancer (1.53; 95% CI: 1.07-2.18), and pancreatic cancer (3.10; 95% CI: 1.20-8.03) in patients with both gallbladder and BTI. The aHR of stomach cancer was also found to be increased (2.73; 95% CI: 1.28-5.81) in patients with gallbladder inflammation only. There were no differences in esophageal cancer (aHR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.23-2.87) and colorectal cancer (aHR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.59-1.45). The aHR for digestive system cancers increased by 3.66 times (95% CI: 2.50-5.35) and 12.20 times (95% CI: 8.66-17.17) in BTI visits frequency averaged 2 to 4 visits per year and frequency averaged ≥5 visits per year, respectively.Patients with BTI have significantly higher risk of digestive system cancers, particularly biliary tract, pancreatic, and primary liver cancers, compared with those who are without it.
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Virotherapy of digestive tumors with rodent parvovirus: overview and perspectives.
Akladios, Cherif; Aprahamian, Marc
2016-01-01
Toolan's H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV) exerts a cytotoxic/oncolytic effect, predominantly mediated by its non-structural protein (NS1). This rat parvovirus is harmless, unlike other parvoviruses, and its antitumor potential may be useful to clinicians as its oncolytic action appears to be true in numerous non-digestive and digestive cancers. After a brief review of parvovirus genus and biology, we summarize the proposed mechanisms to explain the cytotoxicity of H-1PV to tumors which results in dysregulation of cell transcription, cell-cycle arrest, termination of cell replication, activation of cellular stress response and induction of cell death. Viral oncolysis induces a strong tumor-specific immune response leading to the recognition and elimination of minimal residual disease. As the action of H-1PV is not limited to the digestive tract, we initially analyse studies performed in non-digestive cancers such as glioma (as the virus is able to cross the blood brain barrier), and then focused more particularly on the results in digestive cancers. Based on the results of studies showing little H-1PV toxicity to living bodies, we advocate for the use of the parvovirus in cancers such as melanoma, glioma and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma in addition to conventional chemotherapy.
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A new vision for the study of benign prostate disease: the NIDDK Prostate Research Strategic Plan.
Mullins, Chris; Kaplan, Steven A
2009-03-01
The American population continues to enjoy a steady increase in life expectancy. A major goal for this population is to maintain and improve quality of life as it ages. For men a major source of age related health burden is benign disorders of the prostate which, despite much research, remain poorly defined and require greater advancement in prevention and treatment. Thus, there is a substantial need to develop a long-range vision to focus and promote efforts to better understand and manage benign prostate disease. In response the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases convened a panel of key opinion leaders including basic researchers, translational scientists, epidemiologists, and clinicians and clinical researchers to develop a comprehensive strategic plan to advance research in benign prostate disease. The overall mission statement of this effort is "To discuss, evaluate, and propose research needs and a long-range research agenda (ie a strategic plan) for NIDDK grant portfolios related to research into benign prostate disease." Implementation and practical application of this strategic plan will require a partnership of the scientific community, the Federal Government, and other public and private organizations and institutions. This focused group of research and thought leaders identified 4 major areas of key significance for future investigation: basic science, epidemiology/population based studies, translational opportunities and clinical sciences. Great opportunities are identified within these 4 areas to develop new insights, and translate findings for benign prostate diseases and related syndromes between the research laboratory and the clinical setting. The product of these efforts, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Prostate Research Strategic Plan, represents a blueprint that researchers and Federal Government can use to review where the field has been, define where the field is and, most
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75 FR 76478 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-08
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health...
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75 FR 13558 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-22
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: March 15, 2010. Jennifer Spaeth, Director...
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77 FR 74674 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-17
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory..., Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: December 10, 2012...
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76 FR 75888 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-05
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory..., Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: November 29, 2011...
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78 FR 78982 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-27
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meetings Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... ransplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health...
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76 FR 3919 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-01-21
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated...
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76 FR 75887 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-05
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory..., Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: November 29, 2011...
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77 FR 19677 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-02
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health...
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75 FR 1068 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-08
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: January 4, 2010. Anna Snouffer, Acting...
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Gallardo, Pedro; Olivares, Alberto; Martínez-Yáñez, Rosario; Caamal-Monsreal, Claudia; Domingues, Pedro M.; Mascaró, Maite; Sánchez, Ariadna; Pascual, Cristina; Rosas, Carlos
2017-01-01
Digestive physiology is one of the bottlenecks of octopus aquaculture. Although, there are successful experimentally formulated feeds, knowledge of the digestive physiology of cephalopods is fragmented, and focused mainly on Octopus vulgaris. Considering that the digestive physiology could vary in tropical and sub-tropical species through temperature modulations of the digestive dynamics and nutritional requirements of different organisms, the present review was focused on the digestive physiology timing of Octopus maya and Octopus mimus, two promising aquaculture species living in tropical (22–30°C) and sub-tropical (15–24°C) ecosystems, respectively. We provide a detailed description of how soluble and complex nutrients are digested, absorbed, and assimilated in these species, describing the digestive process and providing insight into how the environment can modulate the digestion and final use of nutrients for these and presumably other octopus species. To date, research on these octopus species has demonstrated that soluble protein and other nutrients flow through the digestive tract to the digestive gland in a similar manner in both species. However, differences in the use of nutrients were noted: in O. mimus, lipids were mobilized faster than protein, while in O. maya, the inverse process was observed, suggesting that lipid mobilization in species that live in relatively colder environments occurs differently to those in tropical ecosystems. Those differences are related to the particular adaptations of animals to their habitat, and indicate that this knowledge is important when formulating feed for octopus species. PMID:28620313
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(Poly)phenol-digested metabolites modulate alpha-synuclein toxicity by regulating proteostasis.
Macedo, Diana; Jardim, Carolina; Figueira, Inês; Almeida, A Filipa; McDougall, Gordon J; Stewart, Derek; Yuste, Jose E; Tomás-Barberán, Francisco A; Tenreiro, Sandra; Outeiro, Tiago F; Santos, Cláudia N
2018-05-03
Parkinson's disease (PD) is an age-related neurodegenerative disease associated with the misfolding and aggregation of alpha-synuclein (aSyn). The molecular underpinnings of PD are still obscure, but nutrition may play an important role in the prevention, onset, and disease progression. Dietary (poly)phenols revert and prevent age-related cognitive decline and neurodegeneration in model systems. However, only limited attempts were made to evaluate the impact of digestion on the bioactivities of (poly)phenols and determine their mechanisms of action. This constitutes a challenge for the development of (poly)phenol-based nutritional therapies. Here, we subjected (poly)phenols from Arbutus unedo to in vitro digestion and tested the products in cell models of PD based on the cytotoxicity of aSyn. The (poly)phenol-digested metabolites from A. unedo leaves (LPDMs) effectively counteracted aSyn and H 2 O 2 toxicity in yeast and human cells, improving viability by reducing aSyn aggregation and inducing its clearance. In addition, LPDMs modulated pathways associated with aSyn toxicity, such as oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, mitochondrial impairment, and SIR2 expression. Overall, LPDMs reduced aSyn toxicity, enhanced the efficiency of ER-associated protein degradation by the proteasome and autophagy, and reduced oxidative stress. In total, our study opens novel avenues for the exploitation of (poly)phenols in nutrition and health.
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Potential for energy generation from anaerobic digestion of food waste in Australia.
Lou, Xian Fang; Nair, Jaya; Ho, Goen
2013-03-01
Published national and state reports have revealed that Australia deposits an average of 16 million Mg of solid waste into landfills yearly, of which approximately 12.6% is comprised of food. Being highly biodegradable and possessing high energy content, anaerobic digestion offers an attractive treatment option alternative to landfilling. The present study attempted to identify the theoretical maximum benefit of food waste digestion in Australia with regard to energy recovery and waste diversion from landfills. The study also assessed the scope for anaerobic process to utilize waste for energy projects through various case study scenarios. Results indicated anaerobic digestion of total food waste generated across multiple sites in Australia could generate 558 453 dam(3) of methane which translated to 20.3 PJ of heating potential or 1915 GWe in electricity generation annually. This would contribute to 3.5% of total current energy supply from renewable sources. Energy contribution from anaerobic digestion of food waste to the total energy requirement in Australia remains low, partially due to the high energy consumption of the country. However its appropriateness in low density regions, which are prevalent in Australia, may allow digesters to have a niche application in the country.
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78 FR 21961 - National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory... Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: April 8, 2013. David Clary, Program...
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The nationalization of a disease: a paradigm?
Soviero, D J
1986-01-01
The early history of the Federal involvement in Hansen's Disease reflects the history of the Public Health Service itself. As a young and aggressive institution, the Public Health Service sought out contagious, infectious diseases that threatened the public health. National resources and national coordination were needed to fight the likes of malaria, hookworm, or smallpox. The customary attack would consist of a field study, determination of the etiology, the method of transmission, and, then, perhaps, preventive measures. An eradication campaign would follow. Leprosy fit perfectly into the model--a disease of unknown etiology, an unknown method of transmission, thought to be highly contagious, and no known cure. The United States launched a major investigation in Hawaii, where the disease was prevalent and its victims conveniently segregated. The investigation failed. The Public Health Service then turned toward segregation and isolation as a way to fulfill its public health role. A bureaucracy was established around the idea that victims of leprosy must be incarcerated for the good of the public. The institutionalization of the Public Health Service and the philosophy upon which its treatment of leprosy was based proved difficult to change when researchers in the field made major scientific breakthroughs in the 1940s. The realization that the disease was only feebly contagious, activities of patient organizations, and pressure from the media and the Congress did not achieve as dramatic results as the sulfone drugs did. The Public Health Service moved, but slowly. What are the lessons in all of this?.
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The nationalization of a disease: a paradigm?
Soviero, D J
1986-01-01
The early history of the Federal involvement in Hansen's Disease reflects the history of the Public Health Service itself. As a young and aggressive institution, the Public Health Service sought out contagious, infectious diseases that threatened the public health. National resources and national coordination were needed to fight the likes of malaria, hookworm, or smallpox. The customary attack would consist of a field study, determination of the etiology, the method of transmission, and, then, perhaps, preventive measures. An eradication campaign would follow. Leprosy fit perfectly into the model--a disease of unknown etiology, an unknown method of transmission, thought to be highly contagious, and no known cure. The United States launched a major investigation in Hawaii, where the disease was prevalent and its victims conveniently segregated. The investigation failed. The Public Health Service then turned toward segregation and isolation as a way to fulfill its public health role. A bureaucracy was established around the idea that victims of leprosy must be incarcerated for the good of the public. The institutionalization of the Public Health Service and the philosophy upon which its treatment of leprosy was based proved difficult to change when researchers in the field made major scientific breakthroughs in the 1940s. The realization that the disease was only feebly contagious, activities of patient organizations, and pressure from the media and the Congress did not achieve as dramatic results as the sulfone drugs did. The Public Health Service moved, but slowly. What are the lessons in all of this?. Images p401-a p402-a p403-a PMID:3090606
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Brunetaud, Jean Marc; Maunoury, Vincent; Cochelard, Dominique
1997-01-01
Lasers were introduced in digestive endoscopy to stop active gastroduodenal hemorrhages. Their use spread progressively to the treatment of chronic hemorrhages from vascular malformations and sessile tumors. Laser face competition from other endoscopic techniques such as electrocoagulation, injection techniques, dilation, stents, and brachytherapy. Many series have reported the efficacy of lasers in digestive endoscopy used for their thermal or photochemical effects. However, they were gradually abandoned for the treatment of hemorrhages because of competition from nonlaser techniques. Lasers are still used for ablation of sessile tumors, but their true impact is difficult to evaluate. Modern methods of technology assessment did not allow gastroenterologists to clearly define the place of lasers among surgery, radio-chemotherapy, and other endoscopic techniques, and data on the daily use of lasers are not available. Therefore, the conclusion can only be subjective. The best current application of thermal lasers appears to be in the treatment of rectosigmoid villous adenomas in elderly patients. Small superficial rectal cancers may also become a good subject due to the impact of endoscopic ultrasonography. Early lesions with multifocal or diffuse disease such as early esophageal cancers could be the most promising subject of application for photodynamic therapy in the future.
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Davis, T M; Parsons, C M; Utterback, P L; Kirstein, D
2015-05-01
Sixteen meat and bone meal (MBM) samples were obtained and selected from various company plants to provide a wide range in pepsin nitrogen digestibility values. Pepsin digestibility was determined using either 0.02 or 0.002% pepsin. Amino acid (AA) digestibility of the 16 MBM samples was then determined using a precision-fed cecectomized rooster assay. The 0.02% pepsin digestibility values were numerically higher than the 0.002% pepsin values. The values varied from 77 to 93% for 0.02% pepsin and from 67 to 91% for 0.002% pepsin. The rooster AA digestibility results showed a wide range of values among MBM samples mostly due to the 4 samples having lowest and highest AA digestibility. A precision-fed broiler chick ileal AA digestibility assay confirmed that there were large differences in AA digestibility among the MBM samples having the lowest and highest rooster digestibility values. Correlation analyses between pepsin and AA digestibility values showed that the correlation values (r) were highly significant (P < 0.0001) for all AA when all 16 MBM samples were included in the analysis. However, when the MBM samples with the 2 lowest and the 2 highest rooster digestibility values were not included in the correlation analyses, the correlation coefficient values (r) were generally very low and not significant (P > 0.05). The results indicated that the pepsin nitrogen digestibility assay is only useful for detecting large differences in AA digestibility among MBM. There also was no advantage for using 0.02 versus 0.002% pepsin. © 2015 Poultry Science Association Inc.
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Your liver is the largest organ inside your body. It helps your body digest food, store energy, and remove poisons. There are many kinds of liver diseases: Diseases caused by viruses, such as hepatitis ...
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Di Maria, Francesco; Barratta, Martino; Bianconi, Francesco; Placidi, Pisana; Passeri, Daniele
2017-01-01
Solid anaerobic digestion batch (SADB) with liquid digestate recirculation and wet anaerobic digestion of organic waste were experimentally investigated. SADB was operated at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 4.55kgVS/m 3 day, generating about 252NL CH 4 /kgVS, whereas the wet digester was operated at an OLR of 0.9kgVS/m 3 day, generating about 320NL CH 4 /kgVS. The initial total volatile fatty acids concentrations for SADB and wet digestion were about 12,500mg/L and 4500mg/L, respectively. There were higher concentrations of ammonium and COD for the SADB compared to the wet one. The genomic analysis performed by high throughput sequencing returned a number of sequences for each sample ranging from 110,619 to 373,307. More than 93% were assigned to the Bacteria domain. Seven and nine major phyla were sequenced for the SADB and wet digestion, respectively, with Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria being the dominant phyla in both digesters. Taxonomic profiles suggested a methanogenic pathway characterized by a relevant syntrophic acetate-oxidizing metabolism mainly in the liquid digestate of the SADB. This result also confirms the benefits of liquid digestate recirculation for improving the efficiency of AD performed with high solids (>30%w/w) content. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Garfí, Marianna; Ferrer-Martí, Laia; Villegas, Vidal; Ferrer, Ivet
2011-05-01
Guinea pig is one of the most common livestock in rural communities of the Andes. The aim of this research was to study the anaerobic digestion of guinea pig manure in low-cost unheated tubular digesters at high altitude. To this end, the performance of two pilot digesters was monitored during 7 months; and two greenhouse designs were compared. In the dome roof digester the temperature and biogas production were significantly higher than in the shed roof digester. However, the biogas production rate was low (0.04 m(biogas)(3)m(digester)(-3) d(-1)), which is attributed to the low organic loading rate (0.6 kg(VS)m(digester)(-3)d(-1)) and temperature (23°C) of the system, among other factors. In a preliminary fertilization study, the potato yield per hectare was increased by 100% using the effluent as biofertilizer. Improving manure management techniques, increasing the organic loading rate and co digesting other substrates may be considered to enhance the process. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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The challenges of anaerobic digestion and the role of biochar in optimizing anaerobic digestion.
Fagbohungbe, Michael O; Herbert, Ben M J; Hurst, Lois; Ibeto, Cynthia N; Li, Hong; Usmani, Shams Q; Semple, Kirk T
2017-03-01
Biochar, like most other adsorbents, is a carbonaceous material, which is formed from the combustion of plant materials, in low-zero oxygen conditions and results in a material, which has the capacity to sorb chemicals onto its surfaces. Currently, research is being carried out to investigate the relevance of biochar in improving the soil ecosystem, digestate quality and most recently the anaerobic digestion process. Anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic substrates provides both a sustainable source of energy and a digestate with the potential to enhance plant growth and soil health. In order to ensure that these benefits are realised, the anaerobic digestion system must be optimized for process stability and high nutrient retention capacity in the digestate produced. Substrate-induced inhibition is a major issue, which can disrupt the stable functioning of the AD system reducing microbial breakdown of the organic waste and formation of methane, which in turn reduces energy output. Likewise, the spreading of digestate on land can often result in nutrient loss, surface runoff and leaching. This review will examine substrate inhibition and their impact on anaerobic digestion, nutrient leaching and their environmental implications, the properties and functionality of biochar material in counteracting these challenges. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Teaching about the Life and Health of Cells. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Haury, David L.
Modern technology in life and health sciences brings a new understanding to the study of cells and as a result, the National Science Education Standards emphasize understanding of science and technology. This ERIC Digest describes the central role of cell biology (cytology) in understanding these areas and explains conceptual difficulties and…
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Low cost digester monitoring under realistic conditions: Rural use of biogas and digestate quality.
Castro, L; Escalante, H; Jaimes-Estévez, J; Díaz, L J; Vecino, K; Rojas, G; Mantilla, L
2017-09-01
The purpose of this work was to assess the behaviour of anaerobic digestion of cattle manure in a rural digester under realistic conditions, and estimate the quality and properties of the digestate. The data obtained during monitoring indicated that the digester operation was stable without risk of inhibition. It produced an average of 0.85Nm 3 biogas/d at 65.6% methane, providing an energy savings of 76%. In addition, the digestate contained high nutrient concentrations, which is an important feature of fertilizers. However, this method requires post-treatment due to the presence of pathogens. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Kaur, Lovedeep; Rutherfurd, Shane M; Moughan, Paul J; Drummond, Lynley; Boland, Mike J
2010-04-28
This paper describes an in vitro study that tests the proposition that actinidin from green kiwifruit influences the digestion of proteins in the small intestine. Different food proteins, from sources including soy, meat, milk, and cereals, were incubated in the presence or absence of green kiwifruit extract (containing actinidin) using a two-stage in vitro digestion system consisting of an incubation with pepsin at stomach pH (simulating gastric digestion) and then with added pancreatin at small intestinal pH, simulating upper tract digestion in humans. The digests from the small intestinal stage (following the gastric digestion phase) were subjected to gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) to assess loss of intact protein and development of large peptides during the in vitro simulated digestion. Kiwifruit extract influenced the digestion patterns of all of the proteins to various extents. For some proteins, actinidin had little impact on digestion. However, for other proteins, the presence of kiwifruit extract resulted in a substantially greater loss of intact protein and different peptide patterns from those seen after digestion with pepsin and pancreatin alone. In particular, enhanced digestion of whey protein isolate, zein, gluten, and gliadin was observed. In addition, reverse-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) analysis showed that a 2.5 h incubation of sodium caseinate with kiwifruit extract alone resulted in approximately 45% loss of intact protein.
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Digestion and digestive-transport surfaces in cestodes and their fish hosts.
Izvekova, G I; Kuperman, B I; Kuz'mina, V V
1997-12-01
The structural and functional organization of digestive-transport surfaces in some lower cestodes and their fish hosts was studied. It has been shown that the ultrastructure of cestode microtriches and fish enterocyte microvilli being the basis of membrane-linked digestion is quite similar. These organelles increase the digestive-transport surfaces both in helminths and fishes. However, the hydrolytic enzyme activity in helminths is usually 2-4 times lower than that of the fishes. Desorption (adsorption) characteristics of various hydrolases in helminths and fishes are also different. In helminths the easily desorbed fraction of each enzyme is always more abundant than in fishes. In contrast, the intensity of transport processes in helminths is higher when compared with fishes. The adaptation of digestive-transport surfaces and enzyme systems to feeding conditions is discussed.
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Digested disorder: Quarterly intrinsic disorder digest (January/February/March, 2013).
Uversky, Vladimir N
2013-01-01
The current literature on intrinsically disordered proteins is blooming. A simple PubMed search for "intrinsically disordered protein OR natively unfolded protein" returns about 1,800 hits (as of June 17, 2013), with many papers published quite recently. To keep interested readers up to speed with this literature, we are starting a "Digested Disorder" project, which will encompass a series of reader's digest type of publications aiming at the objective representation of the research papers and reviews on intrinsically disordered proteins. The only two criteria for inclusion in this digest are the publication date (a paper should be published within the covered time frame) and topic (a paper should be dedicated to any aspect of protein intrinsic disorder). The current digest covers papers published during the period of January, February and March of 2013. The papers are grouped hierarchically by topics they cover, and for each of the included paper a short description is given on its major findings.
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Li, Bo; Gao, Hong-yang; Gao, Rui; Zhao, Ying-pan; Li, Qing-na; Zhao, Yang; Tang, Xu-dong; Shang, Hong-cai
2016-02-01
Building the clinical therapeutic evaluation system by combing the evaluation given by doctors and patients can form a more comprehensive and objective evaluation system. A literature search on the practice of evidence-based evaluation was conducted in key biomedical databases, i.e. PubMed, Excerpt Medica Database, China Biology Medicine disc and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. However, no relevant study on the subjects of interest was identified. Therefore, drawing on the principles of narrative medicine and expert opinion from systems of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, we propose to develop and pilot-test a novel evidence-based medical record format that captures the perspectives of both patients and doctors in a clinical trial. Further, we seek to evaluate a strategic therapeutic approach that integrates the wisdom of Chinese medicine with the scientific basis of Western medicine in the treatment of digestive system disorders. Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy of remedies under the system of Chinese medicine is an imperative ongoing research. The present study intends to identify a novel approach to assess the synergistic benefits achievable from an integrated therapeutic approach combining Chinese and Western system of medicine to treat digestive system disorders.
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Wilson disease is a rare inherited disorder that prevents your body from getting rid of extra copper. You need ... copper into bile, a digestive fluid. With Wilson disease, the copper builds up in your liver, and ...
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... function in one or more connecting or supporting structures of the body. celiac disease —a digestive disease that damages the small intestine and interferes with the absorption of nutrients from food. People who have celiac ...
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Prognostic value of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in digestive system malignancies.
Zhai, Hui; Li, Xiao-Mei; Maimaiti, Ailifeire; Chen, Qing-Jie; Liao, Wu; Lai, Hong-Mei; Liu, Fen; Yang, Yi-Ning
2015-01-01
MALAT1, a newly discovered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has been reported to be highly expressed in many types of cancers. This meta-analysis summarizes its potential prognostic value in digestive system malignancies. A quantitative meta-analysis was performed through a systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible papers on the prognostic impact of MALAT1 in digestive system malignancies from inception to Apr. 25, 2015. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to summarize the effect. Five studies were included in the study, with a total of 527 patients. A significant association was observed between MALAT1 abundance and poor overall survival (OS) of patients with digestive system malignancies, with pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 7.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.32-13.66, P<0.001). Meta sensitivity analysis suggested the reliability of our findings. No publication bias was observed. MALAT1 abundance may serve as a novel predictive factor for poor prognosis in patients with digestive system malignancies.
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75 FR 19408 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
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2010-04-14
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal..., Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National...
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Gastrointestinal disorders - resources
Digestive disease - resources; Resources - gastrointestinal disorders ... org American Liver Foundation -- www.liverfoundation.org National Digestive Diseases Information Clearinghouse -- www.niddk.nih.gov/health- ...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-04
..., Bethesda, MD 20892. (Telephone Conference Call). Contact Person: Carol J. Goter-Robinson, PhD, Scientific...: Carol J. Goter-Robinson, PhD, Scientific Review Officer, Review Branch, DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes...
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New Approaches to Truancy Prevention in Urban Schools. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Walls, Charles
This digest explores truancy in the urban context, examines the different types and reasons for truancy, and reviews the new ways that researchers and intervention programs are addressing this problem. No national data on truancy rates exist, but many larger cities report staggeringly high rates. The relationship between race or income and truancy…
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Ethnomedicinal plants used for digestive system disorders by the Karen of northern Thailand.
Tangjitman, Kornkanok; Wongsawad, Chalobol; Kamwong, Kaweesin; Sukkho, Treetip; Trisonthi, Chusie
2015-04-09
Digestive system disorders have a substantial effect on worldwide morbidity and mortality rates, including in Thailand, where the majority of the rural areas have a lack of proper sanitation and awareness about disease prevention. This has led to the prevalence of different types of digestive diseases. Karen people in Thailand still use medicinal plants as first aid remedies in treating these diseases. Therefore, this study aimed at documenting the plants used to cure and prevent different types of digestive system disorders by Karen people of Chiang Mai Province, northern Thailand. Ethnomedicinal data were collected from six key informants and 172 non-specialist informants regarding their traditional knowledge of medicinal plants. Quantitative approaches were used to determine Use Value (UV), Informant Consensus Factor (ICF) and Fidelity Level (FL) values. The study revealed that 36 medicinal plant species belonging to 31 genera and 24 families were used to treat digestive system disorders. The most prevalent plant families were Zingiberaceae (6 species), Euphorbiaceae (4 species) and Fabaceae (4 species). Leaves were the most commonly used plant part accounting for 32.6% of the plants, followed by the bark (18.6%). About 60% of the administrations were given orally by potion (60%) and consumption as food was also indicated (14%). The highest ICF values were recorded for carminative disorders, stomachaches, geographic tongue, constipation, appetite stimulants and food poisoning (1.00 each) indicating the best agreement among the informants knowledge of medicinal plants that were used to treat aliments in these categories. The highest fidelity level values were recorded for Punica granatum (100.00), Psidium guajava (95.45), and Gymnopetalum integrifolium (90.91) showing conformity of knowledge on species with the best healing potential. Medicinal plants still play an important role among Karen culture. The present information on these medicinal plants, which have
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-27
...] Chronic Wasting Disease Management Plan/Environmental Impact Statement, Shenandoah National Park AGENCY... National Park Service (NPS) is preparing a Chronic Wasting Disease Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement (CWD Management Plan/EIS) for Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Action is needed at this time...
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Chen, Haotian; Zhang, Yu; Jiang, Zhinong; Zhou, Wei; Cao, Qian
2016-03-01
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) plays an important role in various diseases. EBV-associated lymphoproliferative disease (LPD) is a rare disease with a canceration tendency. It is difficult to differentiate LPD with involvement of digestive tract from Crohn disease due to similar clinical and endoscopic manifestations. We present a case report of multiple ulcers with esophagus, small bowel and the entire colon involved, proved to be NK-Cell LPD, developed into EBV-associated NK/T Cell lymphoma, in an immunocompetent man who was initially misdiagnosed as Crohn disease.This report underscores that intestinal ulcers should be cautiously diagnosed, for it sometimes could be a precancerous lesion.
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Cui, Ning; Luo, Hesheng
2014-05-27
To explore the correlative factors and clinical characteristics of digestive system injury during the treatment of anticoagulant and (or) antiplatelet-agents. A total of 1 443 hospitalized patients on anticoagulant and (or) antiplatelet-agents from January 2010 to December 2013 at Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were analyzed retrospectively. Their length of hospital stay was from 5 to 27 days. Most of them were elderly males (n = 880, 61.0%) with an average age of (62 ± 6) years. 1 138 patients (78.9%) were farmers, workers or someone without a specific occupation. During the treatment of anticoagulant/antiplatelet-agents, statistical difference existed (P = 0.01) between positively and negatively previous digestive disease groups for actively newly occurring digestive system injury (16.0% (41/256) vs 15.9% (189/1 187)). After the dosing of anticoagulant and (or) antiplatelet-agents, 57 (66.3%, 57/86) patients were complicated by hemorrhage of digestive tract, taking 62.9% (61/97) of all positive result patients for Helicobacter pylori test. Comparing preventive PPI group with no PPI group, there was no marked statistical differences (P = 2.67) for digestive system complication (including hemorrhage of digestive tract) while receiving anticoagulant and (or) antiplatelet-agents (13.9% (74/533) vs 17.1% (156/910)). During anticoagulant and/or antiplatelet-agent therapy, 185 patients (12.8%) were complicated by peptic ulcer or peptic ulcer with bleeding, 40 patients (2.8%) had erosive gastritis and 5 (0.3%) developed acute gastric mucosal lesions. And 42 of 76 patients complicated by hemorrhage of digestive tract underwent endoscopic hemostasis while 2 patients were operated. Ninety-seven patients (6.7%) died, including 61 (62.9%, 61/97) from hemorrhage of digestive tract. The remainder became cured, improved and discharged. Moreover, no significant statistical differences existed (P = 2.29) among three combination group (aspirin, clopidogrel, warfarin), two
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[Effects of smoking on the thyroid gland, digestive system, kidney and bone].
Underner, M; Hadjadj, S; Beauchant, M; Bridoux, F; Debiais, F; Meurice, J-C
2008-12-01
In addition to being a major cardiovascular risk factor, smoking promotes or worsens thyroid, digestive, renal and bone diseases. Smoking is positively associated with hyperthyroidism. It is associated with Graves' disease and it especially increases the risk of the development of severe exophthalmos. In contrast, smoking might exert a protective action for thyroid carcinoma. Smoking increases the severity of hepatic lesions in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Smoking accelerates the progression of primary biliary cirrhosis and increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Smoking increases risk of both hyperplastic and adenomatous polyps. While Crohn's disease is associated with smoking, ulcerative colitis is largely a disease of non smokers. Smoking increases risk of development of both renal cell carcinoma and chronic nephropathies, particularly in types 1 and 2 diabetes. Smoking is a risk factor for decreased bone density and is associated with a significantly increased risk of fracture. Smoking is related to the development of rheumatoid arthritis and may adversely influence its severity. Smoking might be considered a risk factor for the development of several thyroid, digestive, renal and bone diseases. Consequently, smoking prevention and cessation programs must be strongly encouraged among the patients concerned.
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77 FR 46099 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-08-02
... Committee: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIAID Clinical..., Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) [[Page 46100
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78 FR 65344 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-31
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 30...
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78 FR 65343 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-31
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 15...
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78 FR 65348 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-31
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 31...
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78 FR 64962 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 21...
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78 FR 64964 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 23...
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78 FR 67370 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 10...
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78 FR 67374 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, October 21...
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Tracking the fate of pasta (T. Durum semolina) immunogenic proteins by in vitro simulated digestion.
Mamone, Gianfranco; Nitride, Chiara; Picariello, Gianluca; Addeo, Francesco; Ferranti, Pasquale; Mackie, Alan
2015-03-18
The aim of the present study was to identify and characterize the celiacogenic/immunogenic proteins and peptides released during digestion of pasta (Triticum durum semolina). Cooked pasta was digested using a harmonized in vitro static model of oral-gastro-duodenal digestion. The course of pasta protein digestion was monitored by SDS-PAGE, and gluten proteins were specifically analyzed by Western blot using sera of celiac patients. Among the allergens, nonspecific lipid-transfer protein was highly resistant to gastro-duodenal hydrolysis, while other digestion-stable allergens such as α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors were not detected being totally released in the pasta cooking water. To simulate the final stage of intestinal degradation, the gastro-duodenal digesta were incubated with porcine jejunal brush-border membrane hydrolases. Sixty-one peptides surviving the brush-border membrane peptidases were identified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, including several gluten-derived sequences encrypting different motifs responsible for the induction of celiac disease. These results provide new insights into the persistence of wheat-derived peptides during digestion of cooked pasta samples.
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Taylor, Vivien F; Toms, Andrew; Longerich, Henry P
2002-01-01
The application of open vessel focused microwave acid digestion is described for the preparation of geological and environmental samples for analysis using inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The method is compared to conventional closed-vessel high pressure methods which are limited in the use of HF to break down silicates. Open-vessel acid digestion more conveniently enables the use of HF to remove Si from geological and plant samples as volatile SiF4, as well as evaporation-to-dryness and sequential acid addition during the procedure. Rock reference materials (G-2 granite, MRG-1 gabbros, SY-2 syenite, JA-1 andesite, and JB-2 and SRM-688 basalts) and plant reference materials (BCR and IAEA lichens, peach leaves, apple leaves, Durham wheat flour, and pine needles) were digested with results comparable to conventional hotplate digestion. The microwave digestion method gave poor results for granitic samples containing refractory minerals, however fusion was the preferred method of preparation for these samples. Sample preparation time was reduced from several days, using conventional hotplate digestion method, to one hour per sample using our microwave method.
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75 FR 57972 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-23
... Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, including consideration of personnel..., Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Building 31...
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78 FR 12769 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-25
... Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... conducted by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, including consideration of personnel..., Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research, National Institutes of Health, HHS) Dated: February 19, 2013...
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Biogas stripping of ammonia from fresh digestate from a food waste digester.
Serna-Maza, A; Heaven, S; Banks, C J
2015-08-01
The efficiency of ammonia removal from fresh source-segregated domestic food waste digestate using biogas as a stripping agent was studied in batch experiments at 35, 55 and 70°C, at gas flow rates of 0.125 and 0.250Lbiogasmin(-1)L(-1)digestate with and without pH adjustment. Higher temperatures and alkaline conditions were required for effective ammonia removal, and at 35°C with or without pH adjustment or 55°C with unadjusted pH there was little or no removal. Results were compared to those from earlier studies with digestate that had been stored prior to stripping and showed that ammonia removal from fresh digestate was more difficult, with time constants 1.6-5.7 times higher than those previously reported. This has implications for the design of large-scale systems where continuous stripping of fresh digestate is likely to be the normal operating mode. A mass balance approach showed that thermal-alkaline stripping improved hydrolysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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A high-throughput assay for quantifying appetite and digestive dynamics.
Jordi, Josua; Guggiana-Nilo, Drago; Soucy, Edward; Song, Erin Yue; Lei Wee, Caroline; Engert, Florian
2015-08-15
Food intake and digestion are vital functions, and their dysregulation is fundamental for many human diseases. Current methods do not support their dynamic quantification on large scales in unrestrained vertebrates. Here, we combine an infrared macroscope with fluorescently labeled food to quantify feeding behavior and intestinal nutrient metabolism with high temporal resolution, sensitivity, and throughput in naturally behaving zebrafish larvae. Using this method and rate-based modeling, we demonstrate that zebrafish larvae match nutrient intake to their bodily demand and that larvae adjust their digestion rate, according to the ingested meal size. Such adaptive feedback mechanisms make this model system amenable to identify potential chemical modulators. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that nicotine, l-lysine, ghrelin, and insulin have analogous impact on food intake as in mammals. Consequently, the method presented here will promote large-scale translational research of food intake and digestive function in a naturally behaving vertebrate. Copyright © 2015 the American Physiological Society.
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A high-throughput assay for quantifying appetite and digestive dynamics
Guggiana-Nilo, Drago; Soucy, Edward; Song, Erin Yue; Lei Wee, Caroline; Engert, Florian
2015-01-01
Food intake and digestion are vital functions, and their dysregulation is fundamental for many human diseases. Current methods do not support their dynamic quantification on large scales in unrestrained vertebrates. Here, we combine an infrared macroscope with fluorescently labeled food to quantify feeding behavior and intestinal nutrient metabolism with high temporal resolution, sensitivity, and throughput in naturally behaving zebrafish larvae. Using this method and rate-based modeling, we demonstrate that zebrafish larvae match nutrient intake to their bodily demand and that larvae adjust their digestion rate, according to the ingested meal size. Such adaptive feedback mechanisms make this model system amenable to identify potential chemical modulators. As proof of concept, we demonstrate that nicotine, l-lysine, ghrelin, and insulin have analogous impact on food intake as in mammals. Consequently, the method presented here will promote large-scale translational research of food intake and digestive function in a naturally behaving vertebrate. PMID:26108871
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75 FR 15712 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory....855, Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases...
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77 FR 76058 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-26
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory....855, Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases...
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75 FR 49942 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-16
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Meeting Pursuant to section 10(a) of the Federal Advisory..., Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research...
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Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Adults: Current Status and Future Directions
McFarland Horne, Frances; Crandall, Jill P.; Goldberg, Andrew; Harkless, Lawrence; Hazzard, William R.; Huang, Elbert S.; Kirkman, M. Sue; Plutzky, Jorge; Schmader, Kenneth E.; Zieman, Susan; High, Kevin P.
2014-01-01
The prevalence of diabetes increases with age, driven in part by an absolute increase in incidence among adults aged 65 years and older. Individuals with diabetes are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease, and age strongly predicts cardiovascular complications. Inflammation and oxidative stress appear to play some role in the mechanisms underlying aging, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and other complications of diabetes. However, the mechanisms underlying the age-associated increase in risk for diabetes and diabetes-related cardiovascular disease remain poorly understood. Moreover, because of the heterogeneity of the older population, a lack of understanding of the biology of aging, and inadequate study of the effects of treatments on traditional complications and geriatric conditions associated with diabetes, no consensus exists on the optimal interventions for older diabetic adults. The Association of Specialty Professors, along with the National Institute on Aging, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, and the American Diabetes Association, held a workshop, summarized in this Perspective, to discuss current knowledge regarding diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older adults, identify gaps, and propose questions to guide future research. PMID:25060886
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Teaching about Hazardous Materials. ERIC/SMEAC Environmental Education Digest No. 2.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Disinger, John F.
Problems related to the handling of hazardous substances and toxic wastes have escalated making this environmental dilemma a national concern. This digest provides an update of key legislative and management efforts associated with hazardous wastes and reviews current instructional materials in the area. Major topics addressed include: (1) waste…
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Comparing national infectious disease surveillance systems: China and the Netherlands.
Vlieg, Willemijn L; Fanoy, Ewout B; van Asten, Liselotte; Liu, Xiaobo; Yang, Jun; Pilot, Eva; Bijkerk, Paul; van der Hoek, Wim; Krafft, Thomas; van der Sande, Marianne A; Liu, Qi-Yong
2017-05-08
Risk assessment and early warning (RAEW) are essential components of any infectious disease surveillance system. In light of the International Health Regulations (IHR)(2005), this study compares the organisation of RAEW in China and the Netherlands. The respective approaches towards surveillance of arboviral disease and unexplained pneumonia were analysed to gain a better understanding of the RAEW mode of operation. This study may be used to explore options for further strengthening of global collaboration and timely detection and surveillance of infectious disease outbreaks. A qualitative study design was used, combining data retrieved from the literature and from semi-structured interviews with Chinese (5 national-level and 6 provincial-level) and Dutch (5 national-level) experts. The results show that some differences exist such as in the use of automated electronic components of the early warning system in China ('CIDARS'), compared to a more limited automated component in the Netherlands ('barometer'). Moreover, RAEW units in the Netherlands focus exclusively on infectious diseases, while China has a broader 'all hazard' approach (including for example chemical incidents). In the Netherlands, veterinary specialists take part at the RAEW meetings, to enable a structured exchange/assessment of zoonotic signals. Despite these differences, the main conclusion is that for the two infections studied, the early warning system in China and the Netherlands are remarkably similar considering their large differences in infectious disease history, population size and geographical setting. Our main recommendations are continued emphasis on international corporation that requires insight into national infectious disease surveillance systems, the usage of a One Health approach in infectious disease surveillance, and further exploration/strengthening of a combined syndromic and laboratory surveillance system.
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The function of digestive enzymes on Cu, Zn, and Pb release from soil in in vitro digestion tests.
Li, Yi; Demisie, Walelign; Zhang, Ming-kui
2013-07-01
The bioaccessibility of soil heavy metals is the solubility of soil heavy metals in synthetic human digestive juice, which is usually determined using in vitro digestion test. To reveal the effects of digestive enzymes on soil heavy metals bioaccessibility, three representative in vitro digestion tests, Simple Bioaccessibility Extraction Test (SBET), Physiologically Based Extraction Test (PBET), and Simple Gastrointestinal Extraction Test (SGET), were chosen. The bioaccessibility of soil Cu, Zn, and Pb in each method were respectively evaluated with and without digestive enzymes, and the differences were compared. The results showed that the effects of digestive enzymes varied with different methods and elements. Because of digestive enzymes addition, the environmental change from acid gastric phase to neutral intestinal phase of PBET did not result in apparently decrease of the bioaccessibility of soil Cu. However, the solubility of soil Zn and Pb were pH-dependent. For SGET, when digestive enzymes were added, its results reflected more variations resulting from soil and element types. The impacts of digestive enzymes on heavy metal dissolution are mostly seen in the intestinal phase. Therefore, digestive enzyme addition is indispensable to the gastrointestinal digestion methods (PBET and SGET), while the pepsin addition is not important for the methods only comprised of gastric digestion (SBET).
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Autoheated thermophilic aerobic digestion
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Deeny, K.; Hahn, H.; Leonhard, D.
1991-10-01
Autothermal thermophilic aerobic digestion (ATAD) is first and foremost a digestion process, the primary purpose of which is to decompose a portion of the waste organic solids generated from wastewater treatment. As a result of the high operating temperature, digestion is expected to occur within a short time period (6 days) and accomplish a high degree of pathogen reduction. ATAD systems are two-stage aerobic digestion processes that operate under thermophilic temperature conditions (40 to 80C) without supplemental heat. Like composting, the systems rely on the conservation of heat released during digestion itself to attain and sustain the desired operating temperature.more » Typical ATAD systems operate at 55C and may reach temperatures of 60 to 65C in the second-stage reactor. Perhaps because of the high operating temperature, this process has been referred to as Liquid Composting.' Major advantages associated with thermophilic operation include high biological reaction rates and a substantial degree of pathogen reduction.« less
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Wang, Qilin; Zhou, Xu; Peng, Lai; Wang, Dongbo; Xie, Guo-Jun; Yuan, Zhiguo
2016-05-01
Post aerobic digestion of anaerobically digested sludge (ADS) has been extensively applied to the wastewater treatment plants to enhance sludge reduction. However, the degradation of ADS in the post aerobic digester itself is still limited. In this work, an innovative free nitrous acid (HNO2 or FNA)-based pretreatment approach is proposed to improve full-scale ADS degradation in post aerobic digester. The post aerobic digestion was conducted by using an activated sludge to aerobically digest ADS for 4 days. Degradations of the FNA-treated (treated at 1.0 and 2.0 mg N/L for 24 h) and untreated ADSs were then determined and compared. The ADS was degraded by 26% and 32%, respectively, in the 4-day post aerobic digestion period while being pretreated at 1.0 and 2.0 mg HNO2-N/L. In comparison, only 20% of the untreated ADS was degraded. Economic analysis demonstrated that the implementation of FNA pretreatment can be economically favourable or not depending on the sludge transport and disposal cost. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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[The German National Disease Management Guideline "Chronic Heart Failure"].
Weinbrenner, S; Langer, T; Scherer, M; Störk, S; Ertl, G; Muth, Ch; Hoppe, U C; Kopp, I; Ollenschläger, G
2012-02-01
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is an illness mostly affecting elderly people. In Germany CHF is one of the most common causes of death and at the same time one of the most common diagnosis in inpatient care. Due to the expected increase in life expectancy in the next few years experts predict a further step-up of the incidence. Against this background development of a national guideline on chronic heart failure was prioritised and accordingly the National Disease Management Guideline (NDMG) Chronic Heart Failure was developed by a multi- and interdisciplinary group. The guideline group comprised experts from all relevant scientific medical societies as well as a patient expert. The National Disease Management Guideline (NDMG) on Chronic Heart Failure aims at supporting patients and health care providers with respect to decisions on a specific health care problem by giving recommendations for actions. Recommendations are informed by the best available scientific evidence on this topic.Patients with CHF often suffer from multiple conditions. Due to this fact and the old age patients do have very complex and demanding health care needs. Thus accounting for co-morbidities is paramount in planning and providing health care for theses patients and communication between doctor and patient but also between all health care providers is crucial.Basic treatment strategies in chronic heart failure comprise management of risk factors and prognostic factors as well as appropriate consideration of co-morbidities accompanied by measures empowering patients in establishing a healthy life style and a self-dependant management of their illness.Psycho-social aspects have a very strong influence on patients' acceptance of the disease and their self-management. In addition they have a strong influence on therapy management of the treating physician thus they have to be addressed adequately during the consultation.The National Disease Management Guideline (NDMG) Chronic Heart Failure (CHF
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Bisphosphonates as potential adjuvants for patients with cancers of the digestive system.
Ang, Celina; Doyle, Erin; Branch, Andrea
2016-01-21
Best known for their anti-resorptive activity in bone, bisphosphonates (BPs) have generated interest as potential antineoplastic agents given their pleiotropic biological effects which include antiproliferative, antiangiogenic and immune-modulating properties. Clinical studies in multiple malignancies suggest that BPs may be active in the prevention or treatment of cancer. Digestive tract malignancies represent a large and heterogeneous disease group, and the activity of BPs in these cancers has not been extensively studied. Recent data showing that some BPs inhibit human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) signaling highlight a potential therapeutic opportunity in digestive cancers, many of which have alterations in the HER axis. Herein, we review the available evidence providing a rationale for the repurposing of BPs as a therapeutic adjunct in the treatment of digestive malignancies, especially in HER-driven subgroups.
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76 FR 30373 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Meeting
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2010-08-27
... and performance, and the competence of individual investigators, the disclosure of which would... and evaluate personal qualifications and performance, and competence of individual investigators... qualifications and performance, and competence of individual investigators. Place: National Institutes of Health...
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Long-term thermophilic mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion with potato pulp.
Bayr, S; Ojanperä, M; Kaparaju, P; Rintala, J
2014-10-01
In this study, mono-digestion of rendering wastes and co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp were studied for the first time in continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) experiments at 55°C. Rendering wastes have high protein and lipid contents and are considered good substrates for methane production. However, accumulation of digestion intermediate products viz., volatile fatty acids (VFAs), long chain fatty acids (LCFAs) and ammonia nitrogen (NH4-N and/or free NH3) can cause process imbalance during the digestion. Mono-digestion of rendering wastes at an organic loading rate (OLR) of 1.5 kg volatile solids (VS)/m(3)d and hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 50 d was unstable and resulted in methane yields of 450 dm(3)/kg VS(fed). On the other hand, co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp (60% wet weight, WW) at the same OLR and HRT improved the process stability and increased methane yields (500-680 dm(3)/kg VS(fed)). Thus, it can be concluded that co-digestion of rendering wastes with potato pulp could improve the process stability and methane yields from these difficult to treat industrial waste materials. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Molinuevo-Salces, Beatriz; Gómez, Xiomar; Morán, Antonio; García-González, Mari Cruz
2013-06-01
Anaerobic digestion of livestock wastes (swine manure (SM) and poultry litter (PL)) and vegetable processing wastes (VPW) mixtures was evaluated in terms of methane yield, volatile solids removal and lignocellulosic material degradation. Batch experiments were performed with 2% VS (volatile solids) to ensure complete conversion of TVFAs (total volatile fatty acids) and to avoid ammonia inhibition. Experimental methane yields obtained for the mixtures resulted in higher values than those obtained from the sum of the methane yields from the individual components. VPW addition to livestock wastes before anaerobic digestion also resulted in improved VS elimination. In SM-VPW co-digestions, CH4 yield increased from 111 to 244 mL CH4 g VS added(-1), and the percentage of VS removed increased from 50% to 86%. For PL-VPW co-digestions, the corresponding values were increased from 158 to 223 mL CH4 g VS added(-1) and from 70% to 92% VS removed. Hemicelluloses and more than 50% of cellulose were degraded during anaerobic digestion. Thermal analyses indicated that the stabilization of the wastes during anaerobic digestion resulted in significantly less energy being released by digestate samples than fresh samples. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2011-08-31
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Economic viability of anaerobic digestion
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wellinger, A.
1996-01-01
The industrial application of anaerobic digestion is a relatively new, yet proven waste treatment technology. Anaerobic digestion reduces and upgrades organic waste, and is a good way to control air pollution as it reduces methane and nitrous gas emissions. For environmental and energy considerations, anaerobic digestion is a nearly perfect waste treatment process. However, its economic viability is still in question. A number of parameters - type of waste (solid or liquid), digester system, facility size, product quality and end use, environmental requirements, cost of alternative treatments (including labor), and interest rates - define the investment and operating costs ofmore » an anaerobic digestion facility. Therefore, identical facilities that treat the same amount and type of waste may, depending on location, legislation, and end product characteristics, reveal radically different costs. A good approach for evaluating the economics of anaerobic digestion is to compare it to treatment techniques such as aeration or conventional sewage treatment (for industrial wastewater), or composting and incineration (for solid organic waste). For example, the cost (per ton of waste) of in-vessel composting with biofilters is somewhat higher than that of anaerobic digestion, but the investment costs 1 1/2 to 2 times more than either composting or anaerobic digestion. Two distinct advantages of anaerobic digestion are: (1) it requires less land than either composting or incinerating, which translates into lower costs and milder environmental and community impacts (especially in densely populated areas); and (2) it produces net energy, which can be used to operate the facility or sold to nearby industries.« less
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Howe, Robert W.; Disinger, John F.
This digest identifies selected sources of materials for environmental education. Included are: the Educational Resources Information Center; the United States Environmental Protection Agency; the Public Broadcasting System; the National Wildlife Federation; and the National Science Teachers Association. References and reviews of print,…
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[Effects of nutritional support on the hypermetabolism of patients with digestive tract fistula].
Chi, Qiang
2012-05-01
Digestive tract fistulas are abnormal connections between gastrointestinal tract and other organs that most commonly occur after surgery. Morbidity and mortality associated with postoperative fistulas are substantial as they are highly associated with nutritional deficits, hypermetabolism, septic complications and concomitant diseases that may appear during prolonged hospital stay. Digestive tract fistula is a challenging condition that involves a multidisciplinary approach to management. The main treatment includes intestinal rest,correction of electrolytic disturbances, parenteral nutrition,protection of the skin surrounding the fistula, and treatment and prophylaxis of any related local or systemic septic complications. Nutritional support, which is an effective and promising treatment for patients with digestive tract fistulas, can promote the closure of the fistula and decrease the duration of hospital stay.
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ABO, Secretor and Lewis histo-blood group systems influence the digestive form of Chagas disease.
Bernardo, Cássia Rubia; Camargo, Ana Vitória Silveira; Ronchi, Luís Sérgio; de Oliveira, Amanda Priscila; de Campos Júnior, Eumildo; Borim, Aldenis Albaneze; Brandão de Mattos, Cinara Cássia; Bestetti, Reinaldo Bulgarelli; de Mattos, Luiz Carlos
2016-11-01
Secretor histo-blood systems is associated with the digestive forms of Chagas disease. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Evaluation of National Tsutsugamushi Disease Surveillance--Japan, 2000.
Matsui, Tamano; Kramer, Michael H; Mendlein, James M; Osaka, Ken; Ohyama, Takaaki; Takahashi, Hiroshi; Ono, Tomomichi; Okabe, Nobuhiko
2002-12-01
In Japan, Tsutsugamushi disease, which is caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, is re-emerging with newly recognized strains and is now endemic in all prefectures except Hokkaido and Okinawa. We analyzed recent surveillance data to describe the epidemiology of Tsutsugamushi disease and to evaluate the newly implemented national surveillance system according to the CDC guidelines for evaluating surveillance systems. In 2000, 756 cases of Tsutsugamushi disease were reported from 37 of 47 prefectures; two of these cases were fatal. The median age of case-patients was 64 years (range: 2 - 94 years); 414 (54.8%) were male. In northern Japan, most cases were diagnosed in the months of May through July and in the months of October through December, and in southern Japan, cases were diagnosed almost year-round with a peak from October through December and in January. Reporting and transfer of surveillance information from the prefecture to the national level was effective and timely, but the completeness and quality of case reporting could still be improved. The current system for Tsutsugamushi disease surveillance is useful for describing epidemiologic patterns by time, prefecture, and demographic characteristics. However, collection of additional information on suspected place of transmission, activity performed at the place of transmission, or the case-patient's profession would likely make the system more valuable for outbreak detection and for better defining populations at risk.
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Early Intervention Programs: Opening the Door to Higher Education. ERIC Digest.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fenske, Robert H.; Geranios, Christine A.; Keller, Jonathan E.; Moore, David E.
This digest summarizes a larger document of the same title which examines early intervention programs providing services and resources to encourage low-income/minority youth to finish high school and enter college. It notes provisions of federal law which encourage such programs and the unifying mission of the National Early Intervention…
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Plant utilization against digestive system disorder in Southern Assam, India.
Choudhury, Prakash Roy; Choudhury, Manabendra Dutta; Ningthoujam, Sanjoy Singh; Mitra, Abhijit; Nath, Deepa; Talukdar, Anupam Das
2015-12-04
Being one of the most common types of life threatening diseases in Southern Assam, India, the digestive system disorders (DSD) have gained much attention in recent decades. Traditional beliefs and inadequate income of mass population result in the use of alternative phytotherapies to treat the diseases. The present paper documents the medicinal knowledge and utilization of plants for treatment of digestive system disorders in Southern Assam, India by Disease Consensus Index (DCI). It also determines the most suitable plant species used to treat digestive system disorders in the study area. The study was based on ethnomedicinal field survey covering a period of 1 year from 2014-2015. The ethnomedicinal information was collected by using semi-structured questionnaires from different traditional Bengali people having knowledge on medicinal plants. Collected data were analyzed by calculating DCI. During the survey, 29 informants were interviewed and a total of 49 plants under 46 genera belonging to 33 families were listed. Data analysis revealed that Litsea glutinosa, Momordica charantia, Andrographis paniculata, Lawsonia inermis, Cleome viscosa, Psidium guajava, Ageratum conyzoides, Cuscuta reflexa, Cynodon dactylon and Carica papaya are the most prominent plants among the people of Southern Assam for treating DSD. This explorative survey emphasizes the need to preserve and document the traditional healing practices for managing DSD inviting for more imminent scientific research on the plants to determine their efficacy as well as safety. With the help of statistical analysis (DCI), we propose 10 priority plants for DSD in present work. Systematic pharmacological study with these plants may contribute significant result. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Zhao, Yuan; Chen, Zixian; Ma, Yushui; Xia, Qing; Zhang, Feng; Fu, Da; Wang, Xiao-Feng
2013-01-01
Polymorphisms in genes involved in the metabolism of folate and methyl groups have been implicated with risk of digestive system cancer. Methionine synthase (MTR) plays a central role in folate metabolism, thereby affecting DNA methylation. The association between A2756G polymorphism (rs1805087) in MTR and digestive system cancer susceptibility was inconsistent in previous studies. To investigate this inconsistency, we performed this meta-analysis. Databases including Pubmed, EMBASE, ISI Web of Science and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched to find relevant studies. Odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess the strength of association. Potential sources of heterogeneity were also assessed by subgroup analysis and meta-regression. A total of 29 articles with 15,368 patients and 23,959 controls were included. We found no association between MTR A2756G polymorphism and digestive system cancer in overall population (G allele: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.98-1.09, P = 0.25; dominant model: OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.97-1.10, P = 0.33; recessive model: OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.89-1.17, P = 0.79). In the stratified analyses according to cancer type, sample size and genotyping method, no evidence of any gene-disease association was obtained in almost all genetic models. However, marginal significant associations were found for East Asians and hospital-based studies. This meta-analysis suggests that there is no significant association between the MTR A2756G polymorphism and digestive system cancer risk.
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Lynch, J P; O'Kiely, P; Murphy, R; Doyle, E M
2014-08-01
Maize stover (total stem and leaves) is not considered a ruminant feed of high nutritive value. Therefore, an improvement in its digestibility may increase the viability of total forage maize production systems in marginal growth regions. The objective of this study was to describe the changes in chemical composition during the storage of contrasting components of maize stover (leaf, upper stem and lower stem) treated with either of two lignin degrading white-rot fungi (WRF; Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor). Three components of maize stover (leaf, upper stem and lower stem), harvested at a conventional maturity for silage production, were digested with either of two WRF for one of four digestion durations (1-4 months). Samples taken prior to fungal inoculation were used to benchmark the changes that occurred. The degradation of acid detergent lignin was observed in all sample types digested with P. ostreatus; however, the loss of digestible substrate in all samples inoculated with P. ostreatus was high, and therefore, P. ostreatus-digested samples had a lower dry matter digestibility than samples prior to inoculation. Similarly, T. veriscolor-digested leaf underwent a non-selective degradation of the rumen-digestible components of fibre. The changes in chemical composition of leaf, upper stem and lower stem digested with either P. ostreatus or T. veriscolor were not beneficial to the feed value of the forage, and incurred high DM losses. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition © 2013 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-20
..., National Institutes of Health, Room 761, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-5452, (301) 594-4719... Democracy Plaza, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892, (Telephone Conference Call). Contact Person... Health, Room 756, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda, MD 20892-5452, (301) 594-7682, [email protected
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In vitro digestive stability of complexes between gliadin and synthetic blocking peptides.
Hoffmann, Karolina; Carlsson, Nils-Gunnar; Alminger, Marie; Chen, Tingsu; Wold, Agnes; Olsson, Olof; Sandberg, Ann-Sofie
2011-05-01
Celiac disease is caused by an inappropriate immune response to incompletely digested gluten proteins. We investigated whether synthetic peptides with high affinity to wheat gliadin could be selected with a phage display technique and whether complexes between such peptides and gliadin could sustain gastric and pancreatic digestion. Two synthetic peptides, P61 and P64, were selected because of their high affinity to immobilized gliadin. They were allowed to form complexes with gliadin, whereafter the complexes were subjected to in vitro digestion with gastric and pancreatic enzymes. The digestion products were analyzed with Western blot and RP HPLC. The results showed that both peptides formed stable complexes with intact gliadin and that complexes between gliadin and peptide P64 partly resisted gastrointestinal digestion. The two peptides reduced the binding of serum anti-gliadin IgA antibodies by 12%, and 11.5%, respectively, and the binding of anti-gliadin antibodies of the IgG isotype by 13% and 10%. Thus peptides produced by a phage display technique could interact stably with gliadin partly masking epitopes for antibody binding. A combination of peptides of this kind may be used to block gliadin-immune system interactions. Copyright © 2011 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
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Prognostic value of long noncoding RNA MALAT1 in digestive system malignancies
Zhai, Hui; Li, Xiao-Mei; Maimaiti, Ailifeire; Chen, Qing-Jie; Liao, Wu; Lai, Hong-Mei; Liu, Fen; Yang, Yi-Ning
2015-01-01
Background: MALAT1, a newly discovered long noncoding RNA (lncRNA), has been reported to be highly expressed in many types of cancers. This meta-analysis summarizes its potential prognostic value in digestive system malignancies. Methods: A quantitative meta-analysis was performed through a systematic search in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) for eligible papers on the prognostic impact of MALAT1 in digestive system malignancies from inception to Apr. 25, 2015. Pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were calculated to summarize the effect. Results: Five studies were included in the study, with a total of 527 patients. A significant association was observed between MALAT1 abundance and poor overall survival (OS) of patients with digestive system malignancies, with pooled hazard ratio (HR) of 7.68 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 4.32-13.66, P<0.001). Meta sensitivity analysis suggested the reliability of our findings. No publication bias was observed. Conclusions: MALAT1 abundance may serve as a novel predictive factor for poor prognosis in patients with digestive system malignancies. PMID:26770406
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Melse, J M; Essink-Bot, M L; Kramers, P G; Hoeymans, N
2000-01-01
OBJECTIVES: This study estimated the burden of disease due to 48 major causes in the Netherlands in 1994 in disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), using national epidemiologic data and disability weights, and explored associated problems and uncertainties. METHODS: We combined data from Dutch vital statistics, registrations, and surveys with Dutch disability weights to calculate disease-specific health loss in DALYs, which are the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) weighted for severity. RESULTS: YLLs were primarily lost by cardiovascular diseases and cancers, while YLDs were mostly lost by mental disorders and a range of chronic somatic disorders (such as chronic nonspecific lung disease and diabetes). These 4 diagnostic groups caused approximately equal numbers of DALYs. Sensitivity analysis calls for improving the accuracy of the epidemiologic data in connection with disability weights, especially for mild and frequent diseases. CONCLUSIONS: The DALY approach appeared to be feasible at a national Western European level and produced interpretable results, comparable to results from the Global Burden of Disease Study for the Established Market Economies. Suggestions for improving the methodology and its applicability are presented. PMID:10937004
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Livestock Anaerobic Digester Database
The Anaerobic Digester Database provides basic information about anaerobic digesters on livestock farms in the United States, organized in Excel spreadsheets. It includes projects that are under construction, operating, or shut down.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-05-29
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Michele, Pognani, E-mail: michele.pognani@unimi.it; Giuliana, D’Imporzano, E-mail: giuliana.dimporzano@unimi.it; Gruppo Ricicla - DiSAA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Biomass and Bioenergy Lab., Parco Tecnologico Padano, Via Einstein, Loc. C.na Codazza, 26900 Lodi
2015-01-15
Highlights: • Solid State Anaerobic Digestion (SSAD) of OFMSW can be optimized by irrigation with digestate. • Digestate spreading allows keeping optimal process parameters and high hydrolysis rate. • The 18.4% of CH{sub 4} was produced in the reactor, leaving the 49.7% in the percolate. • Successive CSTR feed with percolate shows a biogas enriched in methane (more than 80%). • The proposed process allow producing the 68% of OFMSW potential CH{sub 4}, getting high quality organic amendment. - Abstract: Dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of OFMSW was optimized in order to produce biogas avoiding the use of solid inoculum. Doingmore » so the dry AD was performed irrigating the solid waste with liquid digestate (flow rate of 1:1.18–1:0.9 w/w waste/digestate; 21 d of hydraulic retention time – HRT) in order to remove fermentation products inhibiting AD process. Results indicated that a high hydrolysis rate of organic matter (OM) and partial biogas production were obtained directly during the dry AD. Hydrolysate OM was removed from digester by the percolate flow and it was subsequently used to feed a liquid anaerobic digester. During dry AD a total loss of 36.9% of total solids was recorded. Methane balance indicated that 18.4% of potential methane can be produced during dry AD and 49.7% by the percolate. Nevertheless results obtained for liquid AD digestion indicated that only 20.4% and 25.7% of potential producible methane was generated by adopting 15 and 20 days of HRT, probably due to the AD inhibition due to high presence of toxic ammonia forms in the liquid medium.« less
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Differences among total and in vitro digestible phosphorus content of meat and milk products.
Karp, Heini; Ekholm, Päivi; Kemi, Virpi; Hirvonen, Tero; Lamberg-Allardt, Christel
2012-05-01
Meat and milk products are important sources of dietary phosphorus (P) and protein. The use of P additives is common both in processed cheese and meat products. Measurement of in vitro digestible phosphorus (DP) content of foods may reflect absorbability of P. The objective of this study was to measure both total phosphorus (TP) and DP contents of selected meat and milk products and to compare amounts of TP and DP and the proportion of DP to TP among different foods. TP and DP contents of 21 meat and milk products were measured by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). In DP analysis, samples were digested enzymatically, in principle, in the same way as in the alimentary canal before the analyses. The most popular national brands of meat and milk products were chosen for analysis. The highest TP and DP contents were found in processed and hard cheeses; the lowest, in milk and cottage cheese. TP and DP contents in sausages and cold cuts were lower than those in cheeses. Chicken, pork, beef, and rainbow trout contained similar amounts of TP, but slightly more variation was found in their DP contents. Foods containing P additives have a high content of DP. Our study confirms that cottage cheese and unenhanced meats are better choices than processed or hard cheeses, sausages, and cold cuts for chronic kidney disease patients, based on their lower P-to-protein ratios and sodium contents. The results support previous findings of better P absorbability in foods of animal origin than in, for example, legumes. Copyright © 2012 National Kidney Foundation, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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[The use of prokinetics for the correction of motor and tonic digestive disorders].
Maev, I V; Samsonov, A A; Karmanova, E A; Ivanchenko, E A
2009-01-01
Abnormal tonic-motor activity is a key component in pathogenesis of many digestive disorders. Secondary disturbance of tonic-motor activity of digestive organs and the accompanying symptoms are known to develop in conjunction with diseases of other organs and systems, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson's disease, myotonic muscular dystrophy, amyloidosis, hyper- and hypothyroidism, hypoparathyroidism, etc. Disturbed motor activity in the gastro-duodenal region most frequently underlies functional dyspepsia, i.e. a group of symptoms unrelated to organic, systemic and metabolic diseases. Prokinetics are an important class of medicinal products for the treatment of all clinical forms of dyspepsia. One of the new ones is itopride hdrochloride having combined mechanism of action. Clinical studies of this drug revealed its high efficiency in patients with functional dyspepsia, chronic gastritis, and diabetic gastroparesis. It is well tolerated by the patients and produces no serious side effects. Inclusion of this drug in therapy improves the outcome of the treatment of disturbed motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract.
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The role of elevated serum procalcitonin in neuroendocrine neoplasms of digestive system.
Chen, Luohai; Zhang, Yu; Lin, Yuan; Deng, Langhui; Feng, Shiting; Chen, Minhu; Chen, Jie
2017-12-01
Elevated serum procalcitonin (PCT) was reported in patients with certain type of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). The aim of this study was to assess the role of elevated serum PCT in NENs from digestive system. Serum PCT and serum CgA level were measured in 155 patients with NENs from digestive system. Elevated serum PCT was found in 63 patients (40.6%). Grade 3 disease was a significant factor associated with elevated serum PCT (OR, 9.24; 95%CI, 3.04-28.08; P<0.001). Serum PCT level was significantly decreased after treatment both in patients with stable disease (P=0.003) and patients with partial remission (P=0.001). In these patients, serum PCT level significantly increased again at the time of progression disease (P=0.001). Elevated serum PCT was a significant factor of worse survival (HR, 2.86; 95%CI, 1.36-6.03; P=0.006). Compared with patients with normal serum PCT and CgA level, patients with either PCT or CgA elevated and patients with both PCT and CgA elevated had progressively worse survival. Additionally, PCT expression in tumor cells was found in 24.0% of patients but did not correlate with other clinicopathological factors, including serum PCT. Serum PCT is elevated in part of patients with NENs of digestive system, especially in patients with grade 3 disease. Serum PCT level can help evaluate treatment response and its elevation indicates poor prognosis. Combination of serum PCT and CgA can improve outcome prediction. Copyright © 2017 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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2010-02-05
... Vesicoureteral Reflux (RIVUR). Date: March 8, 2010. Time: 10 a.m. to 12 p.m. Agenda: To review and evaluate grant... 20892. (Telephone Conference Call) Contact Person: Lakshmanan Sankaran, PhD, Scientific Review Officer, Review Branch, DEA, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Room 755, 6707 Democracy Boulevard, Bethesda...
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Iraklis, Boubourakas; Kanda, Hiroko; Nabeshima, Tomoyuki; Onda, Mayu; Ota, Nao; Koeda, Sota; Hosokawa, Munetaka
2016-08-01
CSVd could not infect Nicotiana benthamiana when the plants were pretreated with crude leaf extract of Capsicum chinense 'Sy-2'. C. chinense leaves were revealed to contain strong RNA-digesting activity. Several studies have identified active antiviral and antiviroid agents in plants. Capsicum plants are known to contain antiviral agents, but the mechanism of their activity has not been determined. We aimed to elucidate the mechanism of Capsicum extract's antiviroid activity. Chrysanthemum stunt viroid (CSVd) was inoculated into Nicotiana benthamiana plants before or after treating the plants with a leaf extract of Capsicum chinense 'Sy-2'. CSVd infection was determined using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) 3 weeks after inoculation. When Capsicum extract was sprayed or painted onto N. benthamiana before inoculation, it was effective in preventing infection by CSVd. To evaluate CSVd digestion activity in leaf extracts, CSVd was mixed with leaf extracts of Mirabilis, Phytolacca, Pelargonium and Capsicum. CSVd-digesting activities were examined by quantifying undigested CSVd using qRT-PCR, and RNA gel blotting permitted visualization of the digested CSVd. Only Capsicum leaf extract digested CSVd, and in the Capsicum treatment, small digested CSVd products were detected by RNA gel blot analysis. When the digesting experiment was performed for various cultivars and species of Capsicum, only cultivars of C. chinense showed strong CSVd-digesting activity. Our observations indicated that Capsicum extract contains strong RNA-digesting activity, leading to the conclusion that this activity is the main mechanism for protection from infection by CSVd through spraying or painting before inoculation. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a strong RNA-digesting activity by a plant extract.
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The National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (NDB).
Michaud, Kaleb
2016-01-01
The National Data Bank for Rheumatic Diseases (NDB) is a longitudinal observational patient-driven database, founded as a non-profit research organization in 1998 by Dr. Frederick Wolfe. Patients are sent a primary questionnaire twice a year. More than 50,000 patients with more than 100 various rheumatic diseases under the care of more than 1,500 rheumatologists have completed at least one 6-month questionnaire. Many important publications concerning rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, fibromyalgia, and pharmaco-epidemiology have resulted from NDB research.
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Analysis of digester design concepts
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Ashare, E.; Wilson, E. H.
1979-01-29
Engineering economic analyses were performed on various digester design concepts to determine the relative performance for various biomass feedstocks. A comprehensive literature survey describing the state-of-the-art of the various digestion designs is included. The digester designs included in the analyses are CSTR, plug flow, batch, CSTR in series, multi-stage digestion and biomethanation. Other process options investigated included pretreatment processes such as shredding, degritting, and chemical pretreatment, and post-digestion processes, such as dewatering and gas purification. The biomass sources considered include feedlot manure, rice straw, and bagasse. The results of the analysis indicate that the most economical (on a unit gasmore » cost basis) digester design concept is the plug flow reactor. This conclusion results from this system providing a high gas production rate combined with a low capital hole-in-the-ground digester design concept. The costs determined in this analysis do not include any credits or penalties for feedstock or by-products, but present the costs only for conversion of biomass to methane. The batch land-fill type digester design was shown to have a unit gas cost comparable to that for a conventional stirred tank digester, with the potential of reducing the cost if a land-fill site were available for a lower cost per unit volume. The use of chemical pretreatment resulted in a higher unit gas cost, primarily due to the cost of pretreatment chemical. A sensitivity analysis indicated that the use of chemical pretreatment could improve the economics provided a process could be developed which utilized either less pretreatment chemical or a less costly chemical. The use of other process options resulted in higher unit gas costs. These options should only be used when necessary for proper process performance, or to result in production of a valuable by-product.« less
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Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias Summit 2016: National research priorities.
Corriveau, Roderick A; Koroshetz, Walter J; Gladman, Jordan T; Jeon, Sophia; Babcock, Debra; Bennett, David A; Carmichael, S Thomas; Dickinson, Susan L-J; Dickson, Dennis W; Emr, Marian; Fillit, Howard; Greenberg, Steven M; Hutton, Michael L; Knopman, David S; Manly, Jennifer J; Marder, Karen S; Moy, Claudia S; Phelps, Creighton H; Scott, Paul A; Seeley, William W; Sieber, Beth-Anne; Silverberg, Nina B; Sutherland, Margaret L; Taylor, Angela; Torborg, Christine L; Waddy, Salina P; Gubitz, Amelie K; Holtzman, David M
2017-12-05
Goal 1 of the National Plan to Address Alzheimer's Disease is to prevent and effectively treat Alzheimer disease and Alzheimer disease-related dementias by 2025. To help inform the research agenda toward achieving this goal, the NIH hosts periodic summits that set and refine relevant research priorities for the subsequent 5 to 10 years. This proceedings article summarizes the 2016 Alzheimer's Disease-Related Dementias Summit, including discussion of scientific progress, challenges, and opportunities in major areas of dementia research, including mixed-etiology dementias, Lewy body dementia, frontotemporal degeneration, vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia, dementia disparities, and dementia nomenclature. © 2017 American Academy of Neurology.
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Effects of Aging on the Digestive System
... switch to the Professional version Home Digestive Disorders Biology of the Digestive System Effects of Aging on ... Version. DOCTORS: Click here for the Professional Version Biology of the Digestive System Overview of the Digestive ...
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Levi, Carmit Shani; Lesmes, Uri
2014-10-01
The world's population is inevitably ageing thanks to modern progress; however, the development of food and oral formulations tailored to the needs of the elderly is still in its infancy. In vitro digestion models offer high throughput, robust and practically ethics free evaluation of the digestive fate of ingested products. To date, no data have been made publicly available to facilitate the development or application of an in vitro model mirroring the physicochemical conditions of the elderly gastrointestinal system. This study reports the development of a novel and highly bio-relevant in vitro model based on two serially connected bioreactors recreating the dynamic conditions of the adult or elderly alimentary canal. This report and its supplementary material describe in detail the set-up of the system, the applied physicochemical parameters and the development of the controlling software. These are intended to openly depict a versatile platform, which could assist future efforts to develop age-tailored oral formulations. SDS-PAGE analyses of samples collected from the in vitro digestion of β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin and lactoferrin suggest the bioaccessibility of "slow digesting" and "fast digesting" proteins identified in adult models do not necessarily maintain this trait under elderly gastro-intestinal conditions. Overall, this study brings forward a new generic yet advanced model that could facilitate age-tailoring the digestive fate of liquid formulations.
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Borowski, Sebastian; Boniecki, Paweł; Kubacki, Przemysław; Czyżowska, Agata
2018-04-01
In this study, the anaerobic mesophilic co-digestion of food waste (FW) with municipal sewage sludge (MSS) and slaughterhouse waste (SHW) was undertaken in 3-dm 3 laboratory reactors as well as in 50-dm 3 reactors operated in semi-continuous conditions. The highest methane yield of around 0.63 m 3 CH 4 /kgVS fed was achieved for the mixture of FW and SHW treated in the laboratory digester operated at solids retention time (SRT) of 30 days, whereas the co-digestion of FW with MSS under similar operating conditions produced 0.46 m 3 of methane from 1 kgVS fed . No significant differences between methane yields from laboratory digesters and large-scale reactors were reported. The conditioning tests with the digestates from reactor experiments revealed the highest efficiency of inorganic coagulants among all investigated chemicals, which applied in a dose of 10 g/kg allowed to reduce capiliary suction time (CST) of the digestate below 20 s. The combined conditioning with coagulants and bentonite did not further reduce the CST value but improved the quality of the digestate supernatant. In particular, the concentrations of suspended solids, COD as well as metals in the supernatant were considerably lowered. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Digesters and demographics: identifying support for anaerobic digesters on dairy farms.
Sanders, D J; Roberts, M C; Ernst, S C; Thraen, C S
2010-11-01
The dairy industry in the United States is amidst a long-running trend toward fewer, larger dairy farms. This development has created a backlash in some communities over concerns such as odor, waste management, and environmental degradation. Separately, anaerobic digestion has advanced as a waste management technology that potentially offers solutions to some of these issues, providing odor control and a combustible biogas among other things. These digesters require significant capital investments. Voluntary consumer premiums for the renewable energy produced have been used in some instances as a means to move adoption of such systems toward financial feasibility. This project employed a survey to measure Ohio consumers' willingness to pay a premium for renewable energy produced by anaerobic digesters on dairy farms. Cluster analysis was used to segment consumers by willingness to pay, age, education, income, self-identified political inclination, and a composite variable that served as a proxy for respondents' environmental stewardship. Four distinctive groups emerged from the data. Older, less educated respondents were found to have the least amount of support for digesters on dairy farms, whereas politically liberal, environmentally proactive respondents demonstrated the strongest support. Well-educated, affluent respondents and young respondents fell between these 2 groups. Most large dairy farms are generally met with fairly negative responses from their local communities; in contrast, this research finds some popular support for anaerobic digestion technology. Going forward, establishing a positive link between support for anaerobic digesters and for their use on large dairies could open up a new route for less-contested large dairy farm developments. Evaluation of community demographics could become an important part of finding an optimal location for a large dairy farm. Copyright © 2010 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All
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The future of nutrition research at the National Institutes of Health.
Davis, Cindy D; Ohlhorst, Sarah
2014-09-01
Cuts to the NIH budget decreased funding for nutrition research. It is even more necessary now to understand and elevate the role of nutrition research at the NIH. This symposium shed light on where nutrition research stands today and what the future holds for nutrition research at the NIH. In his introduction, the ASN president shared an overview of nutrition research at the NIH and a description of what the ASN is doing to advance the future of nutrition research. Nutrition program directors from various NIH institutes and offices, including the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease, the National Cancer Institute, and the Office of Dietary Supplements, discussed nutrition research advances supported by past and present federal funding and highlighted nutrition research opportunities through forthcoming funding opportunity announcements of interest to ASN members.
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Favero, A; Ragland, D; Vieira, S L; Owusu-Asiedu, A; Adeola, O
2014-12-01
Two experiments using soybean meal (SBM) or canola meal (CM) were conducted to investigate whether the choice of digestibility marker influenced the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) or standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of N and AA in diets supplemented with phytase. In each experiment, 18 barrows fitted with T-cannulas at the ileocecal junction were assigned to 3 diets consisting of a N-free diet to determine endogenous losses of N and AA, a semipurified diet (SBM in Exp. 1 or CM in Exp. 2), and the semipurified diet supplemented with phytase at 1,000 phytase units/kg. Three digestibility markers including acid-insoluble ash (AIA), chromic oxide (Cr2O3), and titanium dioxide (TiO2) were added to each diet at 3 g/kg. Each diet was fed for 7 d, consisting of a 5-d adjustment and a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. In both studies, basal ileal endogenous losses determined with Cr2O3 as a digestibility marker were lower (P<0.01) than with those determined with AIA or TiO2 digestibility markers. Using SBM as the protein source in Exp. 1, there was no interaction between phytase and digestibility marker on AID or SID of AA. The AID of N and AA in SBM using AIA as a digestibility marker tended to be lower (P<0.1) compared with Cr2O3 or TiO2 digestibility markers. Phytase supplementation increased (P<0.001) the AID of Ca and P. The use of AIA or Cr2O3 digestibility marker tended to be associated with lower (P<0.1) SID values compared with TiO2. Phytase did not affect the SID of N or any AA in SBM except for Met, for which there was an increase (P<0.05) with phytase supplementation. Using CM as the protein source in Exp. 2, there were significant interactions between digestibility marker and phytase. Phytase supplementation had effects (P<0.01) on AID or SID when Cr2O3 or TiO2 was used as the digestibility marker. With Cr2O3 or TiO2 as the digestibility marker in the CM diets, phytase supplementation increased (P<0.05) the SID of N and all AA (except Trp). There was
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Prognostic nutritional index as a prognostic biomarker for survival in digestive system carcinomas.
Zhao, Yang; Xu, Peng; Kang, Huafeng; Lin, Shuai; Wang, Meng; Yang, Pengtao; Dai, Cong; Liu, Xinghan; Liu, Kang; Zheng, Yi; Dai, Zhijun
2016-12-27
The prognostic nutritional index (PNI) has been reported to correlate with the prognosis in patients with various malignancies. We performed a meta-analysis to determine the predictive potential of PNI in digestive system cancers. Twenty-three studies with a total of 7,384 patients suffering from digestive system carcinomas were involved in this meta-analysis. A lower PNI was significantly associated with the shorter overall survival (OS) [Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.83, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.62-2.07], the poorer disease-free survival (DFS) (HR 1.85, 95% CI 1.19-2.89), and the higher rate of post-operative complications (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.63-3.28). In conclusion, PNI was allowed to function as an efficient indicator for the prognosis of patients with digestive system carcinomas.
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Gallier, Sophie; Zhu, Xiang Q; Rutherfurd, Shane M; Ye, Aiqian; Moughan, Paul J; Singh, Harjinder
2013-12-01
The aim of this research was to study the effect of milk processing on the in vivo upper digestive tract digestion of milk fat globules. Fasted rats were serially gavaged over a 5h period with cream from raw, pasteurised, or pasteurised and homogenised milk. Only a few intact dietary proteins and peptides were present in the small intestinal digesta. Significantly (P<0.05) more longer chain (C≥10) fatty acids were present in the digesta of rats gavaged with raw (448 mg g(-1) digesta dry matter (DDM)) and homogenised creams (528 mg g(-1) DDM), as compared to pasteurised and homogenised cream (249 mg g(-1) DDM). Microscopy techniques were used to investigate the structural changes during digestion. Liquid-crystalline lamellar phases surrounding the fat globules, fatty acid soap crystals and lipid-mucin interactions were evident in all small intestinal digesta. Overall, the pasteurised and homogenised cream appeared to be digested to a greater extent. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Foaming phenomenon in bench-scale anaerobic digesters.
Siebels, Amanda M; Long, Sharon C
2013-04-01
The Madison Metropolitan Sewerage District (The District) in Madison, Wisconsin has been experiencing seasonal foaming in their anaerobic biosolids digesters, which has occurred from mid-November to late June for the past few years. The exact cause(s) of foaming is unknown. Previous research findings are unclear as to whether applications of advanced anaerobic digestion processes reduce the foaming potential of digesters. The object of this study was to investigate how configurations of thermophilic and acid phase-thermophilic anaerobic digestion would affect foaming at the bench-scale level compared to single stage mesophilic digestion for The District. Bench-scale anaerobic digesters were fed with a 4 to 4.5% by dry weight of solids content blend of waste activated sludge (WAS) and primary sludge from The District. Foaming potential was monitored using Alka-Seltzer and aeration foaming tests. The bench-scale acid phase-thermophilic digester had a higher foaming potential than the bench-scale mesophilic digester. These results indicate that higher temperatures increase the foaming potential of the bench-scale anaerobic digesters. The bench-scale acid phase-thermophilic digesters had a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) volatile solids destruction and a greater percent (approximately 5 to 10%) total solids destruction when compared to the bench-scale mesophilic digester. Overall, for the full-scale foaming experienced by The District, it appears that adding an acid phase or switching to thermophilic digestion would not alleviate The District's foaming issues.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-02
... accordance with the provisions set forth in section 552b(c)(6), Title 5 U.S.C., as amended for the review...: IRA W. LEVIN, PhD, Director, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and... will be asked to show one form of identification (for example, a government-issued photo ID, driver's...
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Li, Yueh-Fen; Shi, Jian; Nelson, Michael C; Chen, Po-Hsu; Graf, Joerg; Li, Yebo; Yu, Zhongtang
2016-01-01
The objective of this study was to understand how the non-microbial factors of L-AD effluent affected the microbiome composition and successions in the SS-AD digesters using both Illumina sequencing and qPCR quantification of major genera of methanogens. The SS-AD digesters started with a feedstock/total effluent (F/Et) ratio 2.2 (half of the effluent was autoclaved) performed stably, while the SS-AD digesters started with a 4.4 F/Et ratio (no autoclaved effluent) suffered from digester acidification, accumulation of volatile fatty acids, and ceased biogas production two weeks after startup. Some bacteria and methanogens were affected by non-microbial factors of the L-AD fluent. Alkalinity, the main difference between the two F/Et ratios, may be the crucial factor when SS-AD digesters were started using L-AD effluent. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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76 FR 7573 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-10
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal..., Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research...
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77 FR 25487 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
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2012-04-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal..., Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Research...
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77 FR 42503 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
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2012-07-19
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal....855, Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation Research; 93.856, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases...
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78 FR 27409 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting
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2013-05-10
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... Infectious Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; NIAID Centers of Excellence [[Page 27410
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-23
... information concerning individuals associated with the grant applications, the disclosure of which would... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel, TeenLABS Ancillary Studies. Date: March 22, 2010. Time: 10 a.m. to 11 a.m...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-25
... information concerning individuals associated with the grant applications, the disclosure of which would... Diseases Special Emphasis Panel; TeenLABS Ancillary Studies. Date: March 22, 2010. Time: 10 a.m. to 11 a.m...
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Effect of Food Waste Co-Digestion on Digestion, Dewatering, and Cake Quality.
Higgins, Matthew; Rajagopalan, Ganesh; Miller, Andre; Brown, Jeffrey; Beightol, Steven
2017-01-01
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of food waste addition on anaerobic digestion performance as well as downstream parameters including dewatering, cake quality, and filtrate quality. Laboratory-scale digesters were fed processed food waste at rates of 25%, 45%, and 65% increased chemical oxygen demand (COD) loading rates compared to a control fed only primary and secondary solids. The specific methane yield increased from 370 L CH4/kg VSadded for the control to 410, 440, and 470 L CH4/kg VSadded for the 25, 45, and 65% food waste addition, respectively. The cake solids after dewatering were all higher for the food waste digesters compared to the control, with the highest cake solids being measured for the 45% food-waste loading. Compared to the control digester, the biosolids odorant concentration increased for the lowest dose of food waste. Odorant concentrations were below detection for the highest food waste loading.
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Sato, K; Ochi, S; Mizuochi, M
2001-01-01
Sewage treatment plants in Japan are subjected to advanced treatment to remove nutrients and hence control eutrophication problems in lakes and bays. This paper discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the separate digestion treatment mode for sludge generated from advanced wastewater treatment. In the separate digestion only primary sludge is digested and the excess activated sludge is directly dewatered. Separate digestion can reduce the return load of nutrients to approximately one third, and has major potential for the beneficial use of sludge.
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Physical changes in white and brown rice during simulated gastric digestion.
Kong, Fanbin; Oztop, Mecit Halil; Singh, R Paul; McCarthy, Michael J
2011-08-01
Previous studies have shown that brown rice generates lower glycemic responses than white rice, a trait that may be beneficial in the dietary management of chronic diseases such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia. The objective of this study was to investigate influence of rice digestion on the physical properties of the gastric digesta that may further impact intestinal absorption. A dynamic stomach model, human gastric simulator, was used to simulate the gastric digestion of white and brown rice. The pH, solids content, and rheological properties of the gastric digesta, as well as the size distribution of particles were studied. Static soaking was conducted to reveal the changes in moisture absorption and texture in rice kernels during simulated gastric digestion, as affected by shaking and the acid in gastric juice. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to image the diffusion of gastric juice into the rice kernels. The results indicate that the bran layer on brown rice had a profound effect in digestion, as it inhibited the absorption of moisture and acid leading to decreased texture degradation, thus delaying the rice disintegration as well as dissolution and slowing emptying of solids. MRI is effective in exhibiting the diffusion of gastric juice as affected by gastric acid and the influence of bran. This study provided quantitative evidence regarding the manner in which structural differences between white and brown rice affect their gastric digestion. The study presented in this paper focuses on how the structural differences in white and brown rice affect their gastric digestion. This information may help consumers to better understand the health benefits associated with eating brown rice. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-07
... Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases; Notice of Closed Meeting Pursuant to section 10(d) of the... Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Initial Review Group, Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases Special..., National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, 6701...
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Comparative study on the National Renal Disease Registry in America, England and Iran.
Ajami, Sima; Askarianzadeh, Mahdi; Saghaeiannejad-Isfahani, Sakineh; Mortazavi, Mojgan; Ehteshami, Asghar
2014-01-01
A disease registry is a database that includes information about people diagnosed with specific types of diseases. The registry collects information that can be used for capturing, managing, and organizing specific information for patients. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the National Renal Disease Registry (NRDR) in selected countries including the United States, United Kingdom, and Iran. Retrieval of data of the NRDR performed through scholars responsible in related agencies, including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and Renal Disease charity, and data registries in the United States, United Kingdom, and Iran. This research was an applied and descriptive, comparative study. The study population consisted of the National Renal Disease Registry of the selected countries including the United States, United Kingdom, and Iran, from which data were collected using forms that were designed according to the study objectives. Sources of data were researchers, scholars responsible in related agencies, including the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and Renal Disease charity, data registries, articles, books, journals, databases, websites, and related documents. Data were gathered through phone, e-mail, study, observation, and interview. The researchers collected data for each country based on the study objectives and then put them in comparative tables. Data were analyzed by descriptive, comparative, and theoretical methods. There is no NRDR in Iran to report the short- and long-term results of renal disease. Most of the renal transplant teams report their own results as single-center experiences. America and Britain have pre-eminent national registry of renal disease, compared to other countries. The Iranian Society of Nephrology should be actively involved to create a National Renal Registry in Iran. The registry should have representatives from the universities, government, armed forces, and private sectors. Researchers proposed
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Disease and Non-Battle Injury Rates For Marine Corps Enlisted Personnel during Peacetime
1990-05-30
Infective and Parasitic Diseases, Diseases of the Respiratory System, and Injury and Poisoning. Although these rates were consistently lower than those...rates were 6 Diseases of the Digestive System, Infective and Parasitic Diseases, Diseases of the Respiratory System, and Injury and Poisoning. The...Diseases of the Digestive System in Europe and Northeast Asia, and Diseases of the Respiratory System in Southwest Asia. Conclusions Although these results
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76 FR 81954 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2011-12-29
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78 FR 63999 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2013-10-25
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78 FR 76847 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2013-12-19
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75 FR 7487 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2010-02-19
... Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute of Allergy [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Special...
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75 FR 7488 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2010-02-19
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78 FR 3009 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2013-01-15
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Membrane thickening aerobic digestion processes.
Woo, Bryen
2014-01-01
Sludge management accounts for approximately 60% of the total wastewater treatment plant expenditure and laws for sludge disposal are becoming increasingly stringent, therefore much consideration is required when designing a solids handling process. A membrane thickening aerobic digestion process integrates a controlled aerobic digestion process with pre-thickening waste activated sludge using membrane technology. This process typically features an anoxic tank, an aerated membrane thickener operating in loop with a first-stage digester followed by second-stage digestion. Membrane thickening aerobic digestion processes can handle sludge from any liquid treatment process and is best for facilities obligated to meet low total phosphorus and nitrogen discharge limits. Membrane thickening aerobic digestion processes offer many advantages including: producing a reusable quality permeate with minimal levels of total phosphorus and nitrogen that can be recycled to the head works of a plant, protecting the performance of a biological nutrient removal liquid treatment process without requiring chemical addition, providing reliable thickening up to 4% solids concentration without the use of polymers or attention to decanting, increasing sludge storage capacities in existing tanks, minimizing the footprint of new tanks, reducing disposal costs, and providing Class B stabilization.
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Abrahamse, Evan; Minekus, Mans; van Aken, George A; van de Heijning, Bert; Knol, Jan; Bartke, Nana; Oozeer, Raish; van der Beek, Eline M; Ludwig, Thomas
2012-12-01
At least during the first 6 months after birth, the nutrition of infants should ideally consist of human milk which provides 40-60 % of energy from lipids. Beyond energy, human milk also delivers lipids with a specific functionality, such as essential fatty acids (FA), phospholipids, and cholesterol. Healthy development, especially of the nervous and digestive systems, depends fundamentally on these. Epidemiological data suggest that human milk provides unique health benefits during early infancy that extend to long-lasting benefits. Preclinical findings show that qualitative changes in dietary lipids, i.e., lipid structure and FA composition, during early life may contribute to the reported long-term effects. Little is known in this respect about the development of digestive function and the digestion and absorption of lipids by the newborn. This review gives a detailed overview of the distinct functionalities that dietary lipids from human milk and infant formula provide and the profound differences in the physiology and biochemistry of lipid digestion between infants and adults. Fundamental mechanisms of infant lipid digestion can, however, almost exclusively be elucidated in vitro. Experimental approaches and their challenges are reviewed in depth.
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Common tea formulations modulate in vitro digestive recovery of green tea catechins.
Green, Rodney J; Murphy, Angus S; Schulz, Burkhard; Watkins, Bruce A; Ferruzzi, Mario G
2007-09-01
Epidemiological evidence suggests a role for tea catechins in reduction of chronic disease risk. However, stability of catechins under digestive conditions is poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize the effect of common food additives on digestive recovery of tea catechins. Green tea water extracts were formulated in beverages providing 4.5, 18, 23, and 3.5 mg per 100 mL epicatechin (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC), epigallocatechin-gallate (EGCG), and epicatechin-gallate (ECG), respectively. Common commercial beverage additives; citric acid (CA), BHT, EDTA, ascorbic acid (AA), milk (bovine, soy, and rice), and citrus juice (orange, grapefruit, lemon, and lime) were formulated into finished tea beverages at incremental dosages. Samples were then subjected to in vitro digestion simulating gastric and small intestinal conditions with pre- and post-digestion catechin profiles assessed by HPLC. Catechin stability in green tea was poor with <20% total catechins remaining post-digestion. EGC and EGCG were most sensitive with less, not double equals 10% recovery. Teas formulated with 50% bovine, soy, and rice milk increased total catechin recovery significantly to 52, 55, and 69% respectively. Including 30 mg AA in 250 mL of tea beverage significantly (p<0.05) increased catechin recovery of EGC, EGCG, EC, and ECG to 74, 54, 82, and 45% respectively. Juice preparation resulted in the highest recovery of any formulation for EGC (81-98%), EGCG (56-76%), EC (86-95%), and ECG (30-55%). These data provide evidence that tea consumption practices and formulation factors likely impact catechin digestive recovery and may result in diverse physiological profiles.
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76 FR 35224 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2011-06-16
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78 FR 26644 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2013-05-07
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76 FR 53688 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2011-08-29
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76 FR 53691 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases Notice of Closed Meetings
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2011-08-29
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75 FR 156 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
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2010-01-04
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77 FR 297 - National Institute of Allergy And Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-04
... Allergy And Infectious Diseases; Notice of Closed Meetings Pursuant to section 10(d) of the Federal... clearly unwarranted invasion of personal privacy. Name of Committee: National Institute of Allergy and...-7098, [email protected] . Name of Committee: National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases...
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Rombouts, Caroline; Hemeryck, Lieselot Y.; Van Hecke, Thomas; De Smet, Stefaan; De Vos, Winnok H.; Vanhaecke, Lynn
2017-01-01
Epidemiological research has demonstrated that the consumption of red meat is an important risk factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC), diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases. However, there is no holistic insight in the (by-) products of meat digestion that may contribute to disease development. To address this hiatus, an untargeted mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics approach was used to create red versus white meat associated metabolic fingerprints following in vitro colonic digestion using the fecal inocula of ten healthy volunteers. Twenty-two metabolites were unequivocally associated with simulated colonic digestion of red meat. Several of these metabolites could mechanistically be linked to red meat-associated pathways including N’-formylkynurenine, kynurenine and kynurenic acid (all involved in tryptophan metabolism), the oxidative stress marker dityrosine, and 3-dehydroxycarnitine. In conclusion, the used MS-based metabolomics platform proved to be a powerful platform for detection of specific metabolites that improve the understanding of the causal relationship between red meat consumption and associated diseases. PMID:28195169
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Synergistic amylomaltase and branching enzyme catalysis to suppress cassava starch digestibility.
Sorndech, Waraporn; Meier, Sebastian; Jansson, Anita M; Sagnelli, Domenico; Hindsgaul, Ole; Tongta, Sunanta; Blennow, Andreas
2015-11-05
Starch provides our main dietary caloric intake and over-consumption of starch-containing foods results in escalating life-style disease including diabetes. By increasing the content of α-1,6 branch points in starch, digestibility by human amylolytic enzymes is expected to be retarded. Aiming at generating a soluble and slowly digestible starch by increasing the content and changing the relative positioning of the branch points in the starch molecules, we treated cassava starch with amylomaltase (AM) and branching enzyme (BE). We performed a detailed molecular analysis of the products including amylopectin chain length distribution, content of α-1,6 glucosidic linkages, absolute molecular weight distribution and digestibility. Step-by-step enzyme catalysis was the most efficient treatment, and it generated branch structures even more extreme than those of glycogen. All AM- and BE-treated samples showed increased resistance to degradation by porcine pancreatic α-amylase and glucoamylase as compared to cassava starch. The amylolytic products showed chain lengths and branching patterns similar to the products obtained from glycogen. Our data demonstrate that combinatorial enzyme catalysis provides a strategy to generate potential novel soluble α-glucan ingredients with low dietary digestibility assets. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Upper digestive stenosis due to a hydatid cyst of the liver.
Jarrar, Mohamed Salah; Ben Hadj Khalifa, Mohamed Habib; Toumi, Radhouane; Ghrissi, Rafik; Elghali, Mohamed Amine; Khenissi, Abdelmajid; Hamila, Fehmi; Letaief, Rached
2015-03-01
The complications of the hydatid cyst of the liver are dominated by infection and rupture. The compression of adjacent organs (mainly the inferior vena cava, the portal vein and the bile ducts) can be seen, when the cyst is located in the dome, in the hilum or within the hepatic parenchyma. Upper digestive stenosis by compression of the duodenum by the hydatid cyst is an exceptional complication. A 63 year-old patient had, for two months, upper digestive stenosis associated with a sensation of weight in the right hypochondrium. Digestive endoscopy showed an extrinsic compression of the second portion of the duodenum. Biopsies were negative. Abdominal CT showed up a hydatid cyst in the segment VI of the liver, adhering to the duodenum, with an exo-vesiculation compressing it. The patient was operated on: There was a hydatid cyst of the right lateral sector compressing the duodenum. A partial intralamellar pericystectomy was performed. Hydatid cyst of the liver, a parasitic disease described as benign, may give mechanical complications related to compression of adjacent organs (especially the bile ducts and veins). Compression of the digestive tract is exceptional. This is due to the proximity of the cyst to the duodenum and the thickness of the cyst wall.
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Urooj, A; Puttraj, S
1999-02-01
The rate of starch hydrolysis in ten cereal-based food preparations was studied using an in vitro dialysis system. The foods were incubated with human saliva and porcine pancreatin. The sugars released after 3 h digestion were expressed as digestibility index (DI), the percentage starch digested was determined and correlated with the degree of gelatinization (DG). Granule morphology was also investigated and related with starch availability for hydrolysis. Significant differences were observed in the in vitro starch digestibility of the 10 foods (P < 0.05). The DI ranged from 53 for chapathi to 78 for rice flakes. DI was inversely related to the protein (r = -0.79, P < 0.01), fat (r = -0.63, P < 0.05) and energy (r = -0.61, P < 0.01). Percent starch digested was inversely related to the insoluble (r = -0.49, P < 0.05) and total dietary fiber (r = -0.63, P < 0.01) content of the foods. The SEM results provided a better understanding of granular morphology on cooking and the effect of protein on limiting DG. The results suggest that carbohydrate foods of potential use in the therapeutic diets may be identified by their in vitro digestion characteristics.
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Jhaveri, Parth; Papastamatiou, Yannis P; German, Donovan P
2015-11-01
Few investigations have studied digestive enzyme activities in the alimentary tracts of sharks to gain insight into how these organisms digest their meals. In this study, we examined the activity levels of proteases, carbohydrases, and lipase in the pancreas, and along the anterior intestine, spiral intestine, and colon of the bonnethead shark, Sphyrna tiburo. We then interpreted our data in the context of a rate-yield continuum to discern this shark's digestive strategy. Our data show anticipated decreasing patterns in the activities of pancreatic enzymes moving posteriorly along the gut, but also show mid spiral intestine peaks in aminopeptidase and lipase activities, which support the spiral intestine as the main site of absorption in bonnetheads. Interestingly, we observed spikes in the activity levels of N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β-glucosidase in the bonnethead colon, and these chitin- and cellulose-degrading enzymes, respectively, are likely of microbial origin in this distal gut region. Taken in the context of intake and relatively long transit times of food through the gut, the colonic spikes in N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase and β-glucosidase activities suggest that bonnetheads take a yield-maximizing strategy to the digestive process, with some reliance on microbial digestion in their hindguts. This is one of the first studies to examine digestive enzyme activities along the gut of any shark, and importantly, the data match with previous observations that sharks take an extended time to digest their meals (consistent with a yield-maximizing digestive strategy) and that the spiral intestine is the primary site of absorption in sharks. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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78 FR 66026 - National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-04
... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES National Institutes of Health National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases; Amended Notice of Meeting Notice is hereby given of a change in the meeting of the Microbiology and Infectious Diseases B Subcommittee, October 15, 2013, 08:00 a.m. to...
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Effects of various fiber additions on lipid digestion during in vitro digestion of beef patties.
Hur, S J; Lim, B O; Park, G B; Joo, S T
2009-01-01
The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various fiber additions on lipid digestion during the in vitro digestion of beef patties. The control patties were prepared with 90.5% lean meat and 9.5% tallow. Treatments consisted of 90% lean meat with 9.5% tallow and either 0.5% cellulose, 0.5% chitosan, or 0.5% pectin. The beef patties were then passed through an in vitro digestion model that simulated the composition of the mouth, stomach, and small intestine juices. The change in structure and properties of the lipid droplets was monitored by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. In general, there was a decrease in lipid droplet diameter as the droplets moved from mouth to stomach to small intestine. The amount of free fatty acid dramatically increased after in vitro digestion in all beef patties. The amount of free fatty acid was, however, lower in beef patties containing chitosan and pectin than other beef patties after in vitro digestion. Beef patties containing various fibers had lower thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values than samples with no fibers. Among the samples to which fibers were added, chitosan and pectin had lower TBARS than beef patties with cellulose. The cholesterol content decreased after in vitro digestion in all beef patties but was not different among the beef patties before and after in vitro digestion. These results enhance our understanding of the physicochemical and structural changes that occur to ground beef within the gastrointestinal tract.
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Sludge stabilization through aerobic digestion
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Hartman, R.B.; Smith, D.G.; Bennett, E.R.
1979-10-01
The aerobic digestion process with certain modifications is evaluated as an alternative for sludge processing capable of developing a product with characteristics required for land application. Environmental conditions, including temperature, solids concentration, and digestion time, that affect the aerobic digestion of a mixed primary sludge-trickling filter humus are investigated. Variations in these parameters that influence the characteristics of digested sludge are determined, and the parameters are optimized to: provide the maximum rate of volatile solids reduction; develop a stable, nonodorous product sludge; and provide the maximum rate of oxidation of the nitrogenous material present in the feed sludge. (3 diagrams,more » 9 graphs, 15 references, 3 tables)« less
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Vithani, Kapilkumar; Hawley, Adrian; Jannin, Vincent; Pouton, Colin; Boyd, Ben J
2017-05-01
Solid self-microemulsifying drug delivery systems (SMEDDS) have received considerable attention in recent times attempting to overcome the drawbacks of liquid SMEDDS. Earlier literature reports on solid SMEDDS have focussed on formulation development; however, the digestibility and propensity for self-assembly of the digested components with endogenous bile salts and phospholipids are unknown. Therefore, as a starting point, previously reported solid SMEDDS containing Gelucire® 44/14 (GEL) and the non-digestible surfactants, Vitamin E TPGS (TPGS) and Lutrol® F 127 (F 127), were prepared, and their dispersion and digestion behaviours were studied using an in vitro lipolysis model, coupled with small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to determine the formed colloidal structures during digestion in real time. GEL alone was digested (89%) and formed a lamellar phase (Lα). When surfactants were added at a 40:60% w/w lipid to surfactants ratio, digestion was inhibited with a significant lag time being evident. However, increasing the fraction of GEL to 50% w/w enabled digestion with reduced lag time. The substitution of the non-digestible surfactants with digestible surfactants, sucrose esters S-1670 (S-1670) and Span® 60 (S-60), eliminated the digestion lag time, and the formation of colloidal structures was more similar to that of GEL alone.
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Anaerobic Digestion. Student Manual. Biological Treatment Process Control.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carnegie, John W., Ed.
This student manual contains the textual material for a four-lesson unit on anaerobic digestion control. Areas addressed include: (1) anaerobic sludge digestion (considering the nature of raw sludge, purposes of anaerobic digestion, the results of digestion, types of equipment, and other topics); (2) digester process control (considering feeding…
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Converging approaches to understanding early onset familial Alzheimer disease: A First Nation study
Cabrera, Laura Y; Beattie, B Lynn; Dwosh, Emily; Illes, Judy
2015-01-01
Objectives: In 2007, a novel pathogenic genetic mutation associated with early onset familial Alzheimer disease was identified in a large First Nation family living in communities across British Columbia, Canada. Building on a community-based participatory study with members of the Nation, we sought to explore the impact and interplay of medicalization with the Nation’s knowledge and approaches to wellness in relation to early onset familial Alzheimer disease. Methods: We performed a secondary content analysis of focus group discussions and interviews with 48 members of the Nation between 2012 and 2013. The analysis focused specifically on geneticization, medicalization, and traditional knowledge of early onset familial Alzheimer disease, as these themes were prominent in the primary analysis. Results: We found that while biomedical explanations of disease permeate the knowledge and understanding of early onset familial Alzheimer disease, traditional concepts about wellness are upheld simultaneously. Conclusion: The analysis brings the theoretical framework of “two-eyed seeing” to the case of early onset familial Alzheimer disease for which the contributions of different ways of knowing are embraced, and in which traditional and western ways complement each other on the path of maintaining wellness in the face of progressive neurologic disease. PMID:27092264
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West Nile Virus and Other Nationally Notifiable Arboviral Diseases - United States, 2016.
Burakoff, Alexis; Lehman, Jennifer; Fischer, Marc; Staples, J Erin; Lindsey, Nicole P
2018-01-12
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) are transmitted to humans primarily through the bites of infected mosquitoes and ticks. West Nile virus (WNV) is the leading cause of domestically acquired arboviral disease in the continental United States (1,2). Other arboviruses, including La Crosse, Powassan, Jamestown Canyon, St. Louis encephalitis, and eastern equine encephalitis viruses, cause sporadic cases of disease and occasional outbreaks. This report summarizes surveillance data reported to CDC for 2016 for nationally notifiable arboviruses. It excludes dengue, chikungunya, and Zika viruses, as these are primarily nondomestic viruses typically acquired through travel. Forty-seven states and the District of Columbia (DC) reported 2,240 cases of domestic arboviral disease, including 2,150 (96%) WNV disease cases. Of the WNV disease cases, 1,310 (61%) were classified as neuroinvasive disease (e.g., meningitis, encephalitis, acute flaccid paralysis), for a national incidence of 0.41 cases per 100,000 population. After WNV, the most frequently reported arboviruses were La Crosse (35 cases), Powassan (22), and Jamestown Canyon (15) viruses. Because arboviral diseases continue to cause serious illness, maintaining surveillance is important to direct prevention activities.
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Aerobic sludge digestion under low dissolved oxygen concentrations.
Arunachalam, RaviSankar; Shah, Hemant K; Ju, Lu-Kwang
2004-01-01
Low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations occur commonly in aerobic digesters treating thickened sludge, with benefits of smaller digester size, much reduced aeration cost, and higher digestion temperature (especially important for plants in colder areas). The effects of low DO concentrations on digestion kinetics were studied using the sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plants in Akron, Ohio, and Los Lunas, New Mexico. The experiments were conducted in both batch digestion and a mixed mode of continuous, fed-batch, and batch operations. The low DO condition was clearly advantageous in eliminating the need for pH control because of the simultaneous occurrence of nitrification and denitrification. However, when compared with fully aerobic (high DO) systems under constant pH control (rare in full-scale plants), low DO concentrations and a higher solids loading had a negative effect on the specific volatile solids (VS) digestion kinetics. Nonetheless, the overall (volumetric) digestion performance depends not only on the specific digestion kinetics, but also the solids concentration, pH, and digester temperature. All of the latter factors favor the low DO digestion of thickened sludge. The significant effect of temperature on low DO digestion was confirmed in the mixed-mode study with the Akron sludge. When compared with the well-known empirical correlation between VS reduction and the product (temperature x solids retention time), the experimental data followed the same trend, but were lower than the correlation predictions. The latter was attributed to the lower digestible VS in the Akron sludge, the slower digestion at low DO concentrations, or both. Through model simulation, the first-order decay constant (kd) was estimated as 0.004 h(-1) in the mixed-mode operations, much lower than those (0.011 to 0.029 h(-1)) obtained in batch digestion. The findings suggested that the interactions among sludges with different treatment ages may have a substantially
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Walter, André; Bechsgaard, Jesper; Scavenius, Carsten; Dyrlund, Thomas S; Sanggaard, Kristian W; Enghild, Jan J; Bilde, Trine
2017-08-10
Spiders are predaceous arthropods that are capable of subduing and consuming relatively large prey items compared to their own body size. For this purpose, spiders have evolved potent venoms to immobilise prey and digestive fluids that break down nutrients inside the prey's body by means of extra-oral digestion (EOD). Both secretions contain an array of active proteins, and an overlap of some components has been anecdotally reported, but not quantified. We systematically investigated the extent of such protein overlap. As venom injection and EOD succeed each other, we further infer functional explanations, and, by comparing two spider species belonging to different clades, assess its adaptive significance for spider EOD in general. We describe the protein composition of the digestive fluids of the mygalomorph Acanthoscurria geniculata and the araneomorph Stegodyphus mimosarum, in comparison with previously published data on a third spider species. We found a number of similar hydrolases being highly abundant in all three species. Among them, members of the family of astacin-like metalloproteases were particularly abundant. While the importance of these proteases in spider venom and digestive fluid was previously noted, we now highlight their widespread use across different spider taxa. Finally, we found species specific differences in the protein overlap between venom and digestive fluid, with the difference being significantly greater in S. mimosarum compared to A. geniculata. The injection of venom precedes the injection with digestive fluid, and the overlap of proteins between venom and digestive fluid suggests an early involvement in EOD. Species specific differences in the overlap may reflect differences in ecology between our two study species. The protein composition of the digestive fluid of all the three species we compared is highly similar, suggesting that the cocktail of enzymes is highly conserved and adapted to spider EOD.