Ethnic Differences in Physical Fitness, Blood Pressure and Blood Chemistry in Women (AGES 20-63)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ayers, G. W.; Wier, L. T.; Jackson, A. S.; Stuteville, J. E.; Keptra, Sean (Technical Monitor)

1999-01-01

This study examined the role of ethnicity on the aerobic fitness, blood pressure, and selected blood chemistry values of women. One hundred twenty-four females (mean age 41.37 +/- 9.0) were medically Examined at the NASA/Johnson Space Center occupational health clinic. Ethnic groups consisted of 23 Black (B), 18 Hispanic (H) and 83 Non-minority (NM). Each woman had a maximum Bruce treadmill stress test (RER greater than or = 1.1) and a negative ECG. Indirect calorimetry, skinfolds, self-report physical activity (NASA activity scale), seated blood pressure, and blood chemistry panel determined VO2max, percent fat, level of physical activity, blood pressure and blood chemistry values. ANOVA revealed that the groups did not differ (p greater than 0.05) in age, VO2 max, weight, percent fat, level of physical activity, total cholesterol, or HDL-C. However, significant differences (p greater than 0.05) were noted in BMI, diastolic blood pressure, and blood chemistries. BMI was 3.17 higher in H than in NM; resting diastolic pressures were 5.69 and 8.05 mmHg. lower in NM and H than in B; triglycerides were 48.07 and 37.21 mg/dl higher in H than in B and NM; hemoglobin was .814 gm/dl higher in NM than B; fasting blood sugar was 15.41 mg/dl higher in H than NM; The results of this study showed that ethnic groups differed in blood pressure and blood chemistry values but not aerobic fitness or physical activity. There was an ethnic difference in BMI but not percent fat.

Vitamin D status of psychiatric inpatients in New Zealand's Waikato region.

PubMed

Menkes, David B; Lancaster, Kaye; Grant, Michael; Marsh, Reginald W; Dean, Peter; du Toit, Stephen A

2012-06-26

Vitamin D deficiency is widespread in New Zealand, confers multiple health risks, and may be particularly common among people with psychiatric illness. We studied vitamin D status in an unselected sample of adult psychiatric inpatients in Hamilton (latitude 37.5 S) during late winter. We recruited 102 consenting subjects and measured 25-hydroxy vitamin D3 levels in venous blood using a competitive electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. In addition to descriptive statistics, we used one-sample t-tests to determine the extent to which ethnic and diagnostic subgroups fell below the vitamin D deficiency threshold of 50 nM. 75 subjects (74%) had vitamin D levels <50 nM and thus had at least mild deficiency, while 19 (19%) were severely deficient with levels <25 nM. Rates of deficiency were comparable for men and women; only the former showed a correlation of vitamin D levels with age (r = 0.45, p < 0.01). Maori participants constituted half the sample (n = 51) and were more likely to be deficient than their European counterparts (p = 0.04). Vitamin D also varied by diagnosis, with schizophrenia associated with markedly lower levels than mania and depression (p < 0.001). Vitamin D deficiency is prevalent in the psychiatric inpatient setting in New Zealand and may be relevant to poor physical health outcomes, notably among Maori and those with schizophrenia. These findings support proposals to provide vitamin D supplementation, particularly during the winter months.

Modeling of light-emitting diode wavefronts for the optimization of transmission holograms.

PubMed

Karthaus, Daniela; Giehl, Markus; Sandfuchs, Oliver; Sinzinger, Stefan

2017-06-20

The objective of applying transmission holograms in automotive headlamp systems requires the adaptation of holograms to divergent and polychromatic light sources like light-emitting diodes (LEDs). In this paper, four different options to describe the scalar light waves emitted by a typical automotive LED are regarded. This includes a new approach to determine the LED's wavefront from interferometric measurements. Computer-generated holograms are designed considering the different LED approximations and recorded into a photopolymer. The holograms are reconstructed with the LED and the resulting images are analyzed to evaluate the quality of the wave descriptions. In this paper, we show that our presented new approach leads to better results in comparison to other wave descriptions. The enhancement is evaluated by the correlation between reconstructed and ideal images. In contrast to the next best approximation, a spherical wave, the correlation coefficient increased by 0.18% at 532 nm, 1.69% at 590 nm, and 0.75% at 620 nm.

A Descriptive Profile of Physical Education Teachers and Programs in Atlantic Canada

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Randall, Lynn; Robinson, Daniel Bruce; Fletcher, Tim

2014-01-01

The purpose of this research was to investigate the extent to which quality physical education is currently being taught in Atlantic Canada. We used survey methods to generate descriptive data indicating: (a) the backgrounds of those who teach physical education and (b) what is being taught in physical education. Our findings suggest physical…

The eccentric collective BFKL pomeron

DOE PAGES

McLerran, Larry; Skokov, Vladimir V.

2015-08-01

In this study, we apply the flow analysis for multi-particle correlations used in heavy-ion collisions to multi-particle production from a Pomeron. We show that the nth order angular harmonic arising from an m particle correlation v n[m] satisfies v n[m] ≈ v n[p] for n ≥ 1. We discuss some implications of this for the Color Glass Condensate description of high energy hadronic collisions.

Experimenting with Impacts in a Conceptual Physics or Descriptive Astronomy Laboratory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LoPresto, Michael C.

2016-01-01

What follows is a description of the procedure for and results of a simple experiment on the formation of impact craters designed for the laboratory portions of lower mathematical-level general education science courses such as conceptual physics or descriptive astronomy. The experiment provides necessary experience with data collection and…

Nurse manager perceptions of role satisfaction and retention at an academic medical center.

PubMed

Zwink, Jennifer E; Dzialo, Maureen; Fink, Regina M; Oman, Kathleen S; Shiskowsky, Kaycee; Waite, Kathi; DeVine, Deborah; Sanders, Carolyn L; Le-Lazar, Jamie T T

2013-03-01

The aim of this study was to explore the perceptions of inpatient acute care nurse managers (NM) employed at an academic Magnet® hospital about factors that influence NM retention, including current work environment, satisfaction, work-life balance, sucssful NM traits, and personal development and educational needs. Nurse managers are challenged with increased workloads impacting their ability to implement all role components. A qualitative descriptive study design used focus group methodology to explore perceptions of the NM role. Nurse managers identified staff recognition, support, peer relationships, collaboration, and ability to make positive change as factors influencing their decision to remain in the role. Burnout factors included workload issues, work-life imbalance, and difficulty sustaining positive relationships. Traits supporting success were communication, resiliency, integrity, and a visionary outlook. Suggestions for NM development and education were identified. Findings can be used to improve NM satisfaction, work-life balance, recruitment, retention, and succession planning.

Dynamic analysis of astronaut motions in microgravity: Applications for Extravehicular Activity (EVA)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newman, Dava J.

1995-01-01

Simulations of astronaut motions during extravehicular activity (EVA) tasks were performed using computational multibody dynamics methods. The application of computational dynamic simulation to EVA was prompted by the realization that physical microgravity simulators have inherent limitations: viscosity in neutral buoyancy tanks; friction in air bearing floors; short duration for parabolic aircraft; and inertia and friction in suspension mechanisms. These limitations can mask critical dynamic effects that later cause problems during actual EVA's performed in space. Methods of formulating dynamic equations of motion for multibody systems are discussed with emphasis on Kane's method, which forms the basis of the simulations presented herein. Formulation of the equations of motion for a two degree of freedom arm is presented as an explicit example. The four basic steps in creating the computational simulations were: system description, in which the geometry, mass properties, and interconnection of system bodies are input to the computer; equation formulation based on the system description; inverse kinematics, in which the angles, velocities, and accelerations of joints are calculated for prescribed motion of the endpoint (hand) of the arm; and inverse dynamics, in which joint torques are calculated for a prescribed motion. A graphical animation and data plotting program, EVADS (EVA Dynamics Simulation), was developed and used to analyze the results of the simulations that were performed on a Silicon Graphics Indigo2 computer. EVA tasks involving manipulation of the Spartan 204 free flying astronomy payload, as performed during Space Shuttle mission STS-63 (February 1995), served as the subject for two dynamic simulations. An EVA crewmember was modeled as a seven segment system with an eighth segment representing the massive payload attached to the hand. For both simulations, the initial configuration of the lower body (trunk, upper leg, and lower leg) was a neutral microgravity posture. In the first simulation, the payload was manipulated around a circular trajectory of 0.15 m radius in 10 seconds. It was found that the wrist joint theoretically exceeded its ulnal deviation limit by as much as 49. 8 deg and was required to exert torques as high as 26 N-m to accomplish the task, well in excess of the wrist physiological limit of 12 N-m. The largest torque in the first simulation, 52 N-m, occurred in the ankle joint. To avoid these problems, the second simulation placed the arm in a more comfortable initial position and the radius and speed of the circular trajectory were reduced by half. As a result, the joint angles and torques were reduced to values well within their physiological limits. In particular, the maximum wrist torque for the second simulation was only 3 N-m and the maximum ankle torque was only 6 N-m.

A Qualitative Case Study Exploring the Nature of New Managerialism in UK Higher Education and Its Impact on Individual Academics' Experience of Doing Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nickson, Alicen

2014-01-01

New Managerialism (NM) has been used as an analytical framework to help understand the changes within the UK Higher Education Sector. This project sought to extend that work by undertaking a case study of an English university. Using the theory of NM, the study combined organisational description, strategic document review and in-depth interviews…

Synthesis of hollow carbon nanoshells and their application for supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudakov, G. A.; Sosunov, A. V.; Ponomarev, R. S.; Khenner, V. K.; Reza, Md. Shamim; Sumanasekera, Gamini

2018-01-01

This work is devoted to the study of the synthesis, the description of the structure, and the use of hollow carbon nanoshells 3-5 nm in size. Hollow carbon nanoshells were synthesized by thermolysis of a mixture of nickel acetate and citric acid in the temperature range of 500-700°C. During the chemical reaction, nickel nuclei 3-5 nm in size are formed, separated from each other by carbon layers. At an annealing temperature of 600°C, the most ordered, close-packed structure is formed, evenly distributed throughout the sample. The etching of nickel with nitric acid resulted in hollow carbon nanoshells with a high specific surface area ( 1200 m2/g) and a homogeneous structure. Raman spectroscopy shows that the graphene-like structure of carbon nanoshells is preserved before and after the etching of nickel, and their defect density does not increase, which enables them to be subjected to new processing (functionalization) in order to obtain additional physical properties. The resulting carbon nanoshells were used as active material of the supercapacitor electrodes. The conducted electrochemical measurements showed that the specific capacitance of the supercapacitor did not fall below 120 F/g at a current density of 0.3 to 3 A after 800 charge/discharge cycles.

Phase space deformations in phantom cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López, J. L.; Sabido, M.; Yee-Romero, C.

2018-03-01

We discuss the physical consequences of general phase space deformations on the minisuperspace of phantom cosmology. Based on the principle of physically equivalent descriptions in the deformed theory, we investigate for what values of the deformation parameters the arising descriptions are physically equivalent. We also construct and solve the quantum model and derive the semiclassical dynamics.

Nuclear medicine training and practice in Poland.

PubMed

Teresińska, Anna; Birkenfeld, Bożena; Królicki, Leszek; Dziuk, Mirosław

2014-10-01

In Poland, nuclear medicine (NM) has been an independent specialty since 1988. At the end of 2013, the syllabus for postgraduate specialization in NM has been modified to be in close accordance with the syllabus approved by the European Union of Medical Specialists and is expected to be enforced before the end of 2014. The National Consultant in Nuclear Medicine is responsible for the specialization program in NM. The Medical Center of Postgraduate Training is the administrative body which accepts the specialization programs, supervises the training, organizes the examinations, and awards the specialist title. Specialization in NM for physicians lasts for five years. It consists of 36 months of training in a native nuclear medicine department, 12 months of internship in radiology, 3 months in cardiology, 3 months in endocrinology, 3 months in oncology, and 3 months in two other departments of NM. If a NM trainee is a specialist of a clinical discipline and/or is after a long residency in NM departments, the specialization in NM can be shortened to three years. During the training, there are obligatory courses to be attended which include the elements of anatomy imaging in USG, CT, and MR. Currently, there are about 170 active NM specialists working for 38.5 million inhabitants in Poland. For other professionals working in NM departments, it is possible to get the title of a medical physics specialist after completing 3.5 years of training (for those with a master's in physics, technical physics or biomedical engineering) or the title of a radiopharmacy specialist after completing 3 years of training (for those with a master's in chemistry or biology). At present, the specialization program in NM for nurses is being developed by the Medical Centre of Postgraduate Education. Continuing education and professional development are obligatory for all physicians and governed by the Polish Medical Chamber. The Polish Society of Nuclear Medicine (PTMN) organizes regular postgraduate training for physicians working in NM. Educational programs are comprehensive, covering both diagnostics and current forms of radioisotope therapy. They are aimed not only at physicians specialized/specializing in NM, but also at other medical professionals employed in radionuclide departments as well as physicians of other specialties.

Remote Sensing of Multiple Cloud Layer Heights Using Multi-Angular Measurements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sinclair, Kenneth; Van Diedenhoven, Bastiaan; Cairns, Brian; Yorks, John; Wasilewski, Andrzej; Mcgill, Matthew

2017-01-01

Cloud top height (CTH) affects the radiative properties of clouds. Improved CTH observations will allow for improved parameterizations in large-scale models and accurate information on CTH is also important when studying variations in freezing point and cloud microphysics. NASAs airborne Research Scanning Polarimeter (RSP) is able to measure cloud top height using a novel multi-angular contrast approach. For the determination of CTH, a set of consecutive nadir reflectances is selected and the cross-correlations between this set and co-located sets at other viewing angles are calculated for a range of assumed cloud top heights, yielding a correlation profile. Under the assumption that cloud reflectances are isotropic, local peaks in the correlation profile indicate cloud layers. This technique can be applied to every RSP footprint and we demonstrate that detection of multiple peaks in the correlation profile allow retrieval of heights of multiple cloud layers within single RSP footprints. This paper provides an in-depth description of the architecture and performance of the RSPs CTH retrieval technique using data obtained during the Studies of Emissions and Atmospheric Composition, Clouds and Climate Coupling by Regional Surveys (SEAC(exp. 4)RS) campaign. RSP retrieved cloud heights are evaluated using collocated data from the Cloud Physics Lidar (CPL). The method's accuracy associated with the magnitude of correlation, optical thickness, cloud thickness and cloud height are explored. The technique is applied to measurements at a wavelength of 670 nm and 1880 nm and their combination. The 1880-nm band is virtually insensitive to the lower troposphere due to strong water vapor absorption.

Physically disconnected non-diffusible cell-to-cell communication between neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y and DRG primary sensory neurons.

PubMed

Chaban, Victor V; Cho, Taehoon; Reid, Christopher B; Norris, Keith C

2013-01-01

Cell-cell communication occurs via a variety of mechanisms, including long distances (hormonal), short distances (paracrine and synaptic) or direct coupling via gap junctions, antigen presentation, or ligand-receptor interactions. We evaluated the possibility of neuro-hormonal independent, non-diffusible, physically disconnected pathways for cell-cell communication using dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons. We assessed intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]) in primary culture DRG neurons that express ATP-sensitive P2X3, capsaicinsensitive TRPV1 receptors modulated by estradiol. Physically disconnected (dish-in-dish system; inner chamber enclosed) mouse DRG were cultured for 12 hours near: a) media alone (control 1), b) mouse DRG (control 2), c) human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cells (cancer intervention), or d) mouse DRG treated with KCl (apoptosis intervention). Chemosensitive receptors [Ca(2+)](i) signaling did not differ between control 1 and 2. ATP (10 μM) and capsaicin (100nM) increased [Ca(2+)](i) transients to 425.86 + 49.5 nM, and 399.21 ± 44.5 nM, respectively. 17β-estradiol (100 nM) exposure reduced ATP (171.17 ± 48.9 nM) and capsaicin (175.01±34.8 nM) [Ca(2+)](i) transients. The presence of cancer cells reduced ATP- and capsaicin-induced [Ca(2+)](i) by >50% (p<0.05) and abolished the 17β-estradiol effect. By contrast, apoptotic DRG cells increased initial ATP-induced [Ca(2+)](i), flux four fold and abolished subsequent [Ca(2+)](i), responses to ATP stimulation (p<0.001). Capsaicin (100nM) induced [Ca(2+)](i) responses were totally abolished. The local presence of apoptotic DRG or human neuroblastoma cells induced differing abnormal ATP and capsaicin-mediated [Ca(2+)](i) fluxes in normal DRG. These findings support physically disconnected, non-diffusible cell-to-cell signaling. Further studies are needed to delineate the mechanism(s) of and model(s) of communication.

Correlations among magnetic, electrical and magneto-transport properties of NiFe nanohole arrays.

PubMed

Leitao, D C; Ventura, J; Teixeira, J M; Sousa, C T; Pinto, S; Sousa, J B; Michalik, J M; De Teresa, J M; Vazquez, M; Araujo, J P

2013-02-13

In this work, we use anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates to build NiFe magnetic nanohole arrays. We perform a thorough study of their magnetic, electrical and magneto-transport properties (including the resistance R(T), and magnetoresistance MR(T)), enabling us to infer the nanohole film morphology, and the evolution from granular to continuous film with increasing thickness. In fact, different physical behaviors were observed to occur in the thickness range of the study (2 nm < t < 100 nm). For t < 10 nm, an insulator-to-metallic crossover was visible in R(T), pointing to a granular film morphology, and thus being consistent with the presence of electron tunneling mechanisms in the magnetoresistance. Then, for 10 nm < t < 50 nm a metallic R(T) allied with a larger anisotropic magnetoresistance suggests the onset of morphological percolation of the granular film. Finally, for t > 50 nm, a metallic R(T) and only anisotropic magnetoresistance behavior were obtained, characteristic of a continuous thin film. Therefore, by combining simple low-cost bottom-up (templates) and top-down (sputtering deposition) techniques, we are able to obtain customized magnetic nanostructures with well-controlled physical properties, showing nanohole diameters smaller than 35 nm.

Analysis of Optogalvanic Transients at 621.7 nm, 633.4 nm and 640.2 nm of Neon in a Discharge Plasma Fitted with a Monte Carlo Mathematical Model.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogungbemi, Kayode; Han, Xianming; Blosser, Micheal; Misra, Prabhakar; LASER Spectroscopy Group Collaboration

2014-03-01

Optogalvanic transitions have been recorded and fitted for 1s5 - 2p7\\ (621.7 nm), 1s5 - 2p8 (633.4 nm) and 1s5 - 2p9 (640.2 nm) transitions of neon in a Fe-Ne hollow cathode plasma discharge as a function of current (2-19 mA) and time evolution (0-50 microsec). The optogalvanic waveforms have been fitted to a Monte carlo mathematical model. The variation in the excited population of neon is governed by the rate of collision of the atoms involving the common metastable state (1s5) for the three transitions investigated. The concomitant changes in amplitudes and intensities of the optogalvanic signal waveforms associated with these transitions have been studied rigorously and the fitted parameters obtained using the Monte Carlo algorithm to help better understand the physics of the hollow cathode discharge. Thanks to Laser Spectroscopy group in Physics and Astronomy Dept. Howard University Washington DC.

Decomposition of Spectral Signatures of Coloured Dissolved Organic Matter Absorption and its Spatial Distribution Along Southeastern Arabian Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muhamed Ashraf, P.; Souda, V. P.; Minu, P.

2016-02-01

The process of photosynthesis involves the conversion of inorganic carbon into organic carbon and the light availability is the crucial factor affecting photosynthesis in case 2 waters. Coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) is a major competitor for light apart from suspended sediments and phytoplankton. The objective was 1) to understand the spatial, vertical and seasonal variability of CDOM by decomposing spectral signatures of absorption in the UV region and to identify the source of CDOM in the study area. The study was carried out for the period 2013 May to 2014 December on monthly basis. Samples from 9 spatial stations, covering estuarine, barmouth and marine region were collected along coastal waters off Kochi, Southeastern Arabian Sea. Two spectral range from 200nm to 400nm were selected for the study, ie. between 275-295 and 350-400. Slope between 275-295nm (S275-295) showed no variation spatially and seasonally except for estuarine station. But slope between 350-400nm (S350-400) exhibited considerable variations spatially, seasonally and vertically. Lower values of ratio between S275-295 and S350-400 in surface waters during monsoon season indicated presence of CDOM with heavy molecular weight of terrigenous origin. Premonsoon and postmonsoon seasons had higher ratio indicating presence of CDOM with lighter molecular weight. Autocthonous origin and degradation of terrigenous matter produces CDOM with light molecular weight. The ratio is found to be increasing from estuary to offshore stations. Hence it is inferred that, the chemical nature of CDOM is affected by both physical and biological components in dynamically unstable case 2 coastal waters. The results presented here shows difference in spectral slope to estimate optical properties of CDOM which is relevant for the description of underwater optics and to the development of ocean colour remote sensing algorithms in the region.

Description and availability of the SMARTS spectral model for photovoltaic applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Myers, Daryl R.; Gueymard, Christian A.

2004-11-01

Limited spectral response range of photocoltaic (PV) devices requires device performance be characterized with respect to widely varying terrestrial solar spectra. The FORTRAN code "Simple Model for Atmospheric Transmission of Sunshine" (SMARTS) was developed for various clear-sky solar renewable energy applications. The model is partly based on parameterizations of transmittance functions in the MODTRAN/LOWTRAN band model family of radiative transfer codes. SMARTS computes spectra with a resolution of 0.5 nanometers (nm) below 400 nm, 1.0 nm from 400 nm to 1700 nm, and 5 nm from 1700 nm to 4000 nm. Fewer than 20 input parameters are required to compute spectral irradiance distributions including spectral direct beam, total, and diffuse hemispherical radiation, and up to 30 other spectral parameters. A spreadsheet-based graphical user interface can be used to simplify the construction of input files for the model. The model is the basis for new terrestrial reference spectra developed by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for photovoltaic and materials degradation applications. We describe the model accuracy, functionality, and the availability of source and executable code. Applications to PV rating and efficiency and the combined effects of spectral selectivity and varying atmospheric conditions are briefly discussed.

Ultraviolet Spectral Irradiance Scale Comparison: 210 nm to 300 nm

PubMed Central

Thompson, Ambler; Early, Edward A.; O’Brian, Thomas R.

1998-01-01

Comparison of the irradiances from a number of ultraviolet spectral irradiance standards, based on different physical principles, showed agreement to within their combined standard uncertainties as assigned to them by NIST. The wavelength region of the spectral irradiance comparison was from 210 nm to 300 nm. The spectral irradiance sources were: an electron storage ring, 1000 W quartz-halogen lamps, deuterium arc lamps, and a windowless argon miniarc. PMID:28009378

Different regions of line formation in the envelope of the early emission line star HD 190073

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ringuelet, A. E.; Rovira, M.; Cidale, L.; Sahade, J.

1987-01-01

A description is presented of the spectral features that characterize the spectrum of HD 190073 both in the photographic region (360-660 nm), and in the IUE UV (115-320 nm). A number of different types of profiles can be distinguished, and this seems to imply that many different 'broad' regions of line formation coexist in the extended envelope of the star, including regions with densities differing in several orders of magnitude.

Documentation for the machine-readable version of the ANS Ultraviolet Photometry Catalogue of Point Sources (Wesselius et al 1982)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Warren, W. H., Jr.

1984-01-01

The machine-readable version of the Astronomical Netherlands Satellite ultraviolet photometry catalog is described in detail, with a byte-by-byte format description and characteristics of the data file given. The catalog is a compilation of ultraviolet photometry in five bands, within the wavelength range 155 nm to 330 nm, for 3573 mostly stellar objects. Additional cross reference data (object identification, UBV photometry and MK spectral types) are included in the catalog.

Physically Protected Spread Spectrum Communications

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-04-14

Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 NUMBER(S) AFRL -RV-PS-TR-2016-0046 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution... AFRL /RVIL Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 2 cys Official Record Copy AFRL /RVSW/Khanh Pham 1 cy 38 Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. (This page intentionally left blank) ... AFRL -RV-PS- AFRL -RV-PS- TR-2016-0046 TR-2016-0046 PHYSICALLY PROTECTED SPREAD SPECTRUM COMMUNICATIONS Hyuck M. Kwon Wichita State

Portable Soft X-Ray Laser

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-22

ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 worch) A carpact sOtt X-ray laser (SXL) can be designed combining results of Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory ( PPPL ) and Rutherford...Appleton Laboratory (RAL). At PPPL , gain at 18.2nm was dem- onstrated in a carbon plasma pumped by a low energy laser, with no mag- netic field. The...Physics Laboratory ( PPPL ) and Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL). In the PPPL experiment, gain at a wavelength of 18.2 nm was demonstrated in a

Data catalog series for space science and applications flight missions. Volume 5A: Descriptions of astronomy, astrophysics, and solar physics spacecraft and investigations. Volume 5B: Descriptions of data sets from astronomy, astrophysics, and solar physics spacecraft and investigations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kim, Sang J. (Editor)

1988-01-01

The main purpose of the data catalog series is to provide descriptive references to data generated by space science flight missions. The data sets described include all of the actual holdings of the Space Science Data Center (NSSDC), all data sets for which direct contact information is available, and some data collections held and serviced by foreign investigators, NASA and other U.S. government agencies. This volume contains narrative descriptions of data sets of astronomy, astrophysics, solar physics spacecraft and investigations. The following spacecraft series are included: Mariner, Pioneer, Pioneer Venus, Venera, Viking, Voyager, and Helios. Separate indexes to the planetary and interplanetary missions are also provided.

Microstructure, Chemistry, and Origin of Grain Rims on ilmenite from the Lunar Soil Finest Fraction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christoffersen, Roy; Keller, Lindsay P.; McKay, David S.

1996-01-01

Analytical transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations reveal that ilmenite grains sampled from the sub-10 micron size fraction of Apollo 11 (10084) and Apollo 16 (61221, 67701) soils have rims 10-300 nm thick that are chemically and microstructurally distinct from the host ilmenite. The rims have a thin outer sublayer 10-50 nm thick that contains the ilmenite-incompatible elements Si, Al, Ca and S. This overlies a relatively thicker (50-250 nm) inner sublayer of nanocrystalline Ti-oxide precipitates in a matrix of single-crystal ilmenite that is structurally continuous with the underlying host grain. Microstructural information, as well as data from x-ray spectrometry (EDS) and electron energy loss spectrometry (EELS) analysis of the inner sublayer, suggest that both the inner and outer sublayer assemblages are reduced and that the inner layer is depleted in Fe relative to the underlying ilmenite. The chemistry of the outer sublayer suggests that it is a surface deposit of sputtered or impact-vaporized components from the bulk lunar soil. The inner sublayer is part of the original host grain that has been physically and chemically processed, but not amorphized, by solar ion irradiation and possibly some subsolidus heating. The fact that the deposited outer sublayer is consistently much thinner than the radiation-altered inner sublayer indicates that only a minor fraction of the total rim volume is a product of vapor or sputter deposition. This finding is in contrast to recent descriptions of thick deposited layers on one-third of regolith silicate grains and indicates that ilmenite and silicate rims as a group are different in the fraction of deposited material that they contain.

Physiological profiles of Hong Kong élite soccer players.

PubMed Central

Chin, M K; Lo, Y S; Li, C T; So, C H

1992-01-01

Most physiological profiles of élite soccer players originate from Western Europe and North America. Unfortunately, there is a scarcity of descriptive data on the physical characteristics of Asian soccer players. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the physiological profiles of élite soccer players in Hong Kong. It was conducted in conjunction with the selection of the Hong Kong team before the 1990 Beijing Asian Games. In all, 24 professional soccer players were selected from a pool of 180 players as subjects for the study. The following means(s.d.) were observed: height 173.4(4.6) cm; weight 67.7(5.0) kg; body fat 7.3(3.0)%; forced vital capacity (FVC) 5.1(0.6) l; maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) 59.1(4.9) ml kg-1 min-1; anaerobic threshold (AT 80.0(7.2)% of VO2max; alactic power index 13.5(2.4) W kg-1; lactic work index 298(27) J kg-1; peak isokinetic dominant knee extensor and flexor strengths 2.72(0.36) Nm kg-1 and 1.65(0.20) Nm kg-1. On average the physique of Hong Kong soccer players appeared to be smaller and lighter than those found in Europe, which may be one of the key factors that contribute to the lack of success of Hong Kong soccer teams in international competition. PMID:1490221

Comprehensive description of the Orion laser facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hopps, Nicholas; Oades, Kevin; Andrew, Jim; Brown, Colin; Cooper, Graham; Danson, Colin; Daykin, Simon; Duffield, Stuart; Edwards, Ray; Egan, David; Elsmere, Stephen; Gales, Steve; Girling, Mark; Gumbrell, Edward; Harvey, Ewan; Hillier, David; Hoarty, David; Horsfield, Colin; James, Steven; Leatherland, Alex; Masoero, Stephen; Meadowcroft, Anthony; Norman, Michael; Parker, Stefan; Rothman, Stephen; Rubery, Michael; Treadwell, Paul; Winter, David; Bett, Thomas

2015-06-01

The Orion laser facility at the atomic weapons establishment (AWE) in the UK has been operational since April 2013, fielding experiments that require both its long and short pulse capability. This paper provides a full description of the facility in terms of laser performance, target systems and diagnostics currently available. Inevitably, this is a snapshot of current capability—the available diagnostics and the laser capability are evolving continuously. The laser systems consist of ten beams, optimised around 1 ns pulse duration, which each provide a nominal 500 J at a wavelength of 351 nm. There are also two short pulse beams, which each provide 500 J in 0.5 ps at 1054 nm. There are options for frequency doubling one short pulse beam to enhance the pulse temporal contrast. More recently, further contrast enhancement, based on optical parametric amplification (OPA) in the front end with a pump pulse duration of a few ps, has been installed. An extensive suite of diagnostics are available for users, probing the optical emission, x-rays and particles produced in laser-target interactions. Optical probe diagnostics are also available. A description of the diagnostics is provided.

40 CFR 161.160 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Chemistry Data Requirements § 161.160 Description of materials used to produce the product. The following... composition (and, if requested by the Agency, chemical and physical properties) of the ingredient, including a..., chemical or physical properties) of the starting material, including a copy of all technical specifications...

40 CFR 161.160 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Chemistry Data Requirements § 161.160 Description of materials used to produce the product. The following... composition (and, if requested by the Agency, chemical and physical properties) of the ingredient, including a..., chemical or physical properties) of the starting material, including a copy of all technical specifications...

40 CFR 161.160 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Chemistry Data Requirements § 161.160 Description of materials used to produce the product. The following... composition (and, if requested by the Agency, chemical and physical properties) of the ingredient, including a..., chemical or physical properties) of the starting material, including a copy of all technical specifications...

40 CFR 161.160 - Description of materials used to produce the product.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Chemistry Data Requirements § 161.160 Description of materials used to produce the product. The following... composition (and, if requested by the Agency, chemical and physical properties) of the ingredient, including a..., chemical or physical properties) of the starting material, including a copy of all technical specifications...

A New Solar Spectrum from 656 to 3088 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meftah, M.; Damé, L.; Bolsée, D.; Pereira, N.; Sluse, D.; Cessateur, G.; Irbah, A.; Sarkissian, A.; Djafer, D.; Hauchecorne, A.; Bekki, S.

2017-08-01

The solar spectrum is a key parameter for different scientific disciplines such as solar physics, climate research, and atmospheric physics. The SOLar SPECtrometer (SOLSPEC) instrument of the Solar Monitoring Observatory (SOLAR) payload onboard the International Space Station (ISS) has been built to measure the solar spectral irradiance (SSI) from 165 to 3088 nm with high accuracy. To cover the full wavelength range, three double-monochromators with concave gratings are used. We present here a thorough analysis of the data from the third channel/double-monochromator, which covers the spectral range between 656 and 3088 nm. A new reference solar spectrum is therefore obtained in this mainly infrared wavelength range (656 to 3088 nm); it uses an absolute preflight calibration performed with the blackbody of the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB). An improved correction of temperature effects is also applied to the measurements using in-flight housekeeping temperature data of the instrument. The new solar spectrum (SOLAR-IR) is in good agreement with the ATmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science (ATLAS 3) reference solar spectrum from 656 nm to about 1600 nm. However, above 1600 nm, it agrees better with solar reconstruction models than with spacecraft measurements. The new SOLAR/SOLSPEC measurement of solar spectral irradiance at about 1600 nm, corresponding to the minimum opacity of the solar photosphere, is 248.08 ± 4.98 mW m-2 nm-1 (1 σ), which is higher than recent ground-based evaluations.

The Fundamental Neutron Physics Facilities at NIST.

PubMed

Nico, J S; Arif, M; Dewey, M S; Gentile, T R; Gilliam, D M; Huffman, P R; Jacobson, D L; Thompson, A K

2005-01-01

The program in fundamental neutron physics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began nearly two decades ago. The Neutron Interactions and Dosimetry Group currently maintains four neutron beam lines dedicated to studies of fundamental neutron interactions. The neutrons are provided by the NIST Center for Neutron Research, a national user facility for studies that include condensed matter physics, materials science, nuclear chemistry, and biological science. The beam lines for fundamental physics experiments include a high-intensity polychromatic beam, a 0.496 nm monochromatic beam, a 0.89 nm monochromatic beam, and a neutron interferometer and optics facility. This paper discusses some of the parameters of the beam lines along with brief presentations of some of the experiments performed at the facilities.

The Fundamental Neutron Physics Facilities at NIST

PubMed Central

Nico, J. S.; Arif, M.; Dewey, M. S.; Gentile, T. R.; Gilliam, D. M.; Huffman, P. R.; Jacobson, D. L.; Thompson, A. K.

2005-01-01

The program in fundamental neutron physics at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) began nearly two decades ago. The Neutron Interactions and Dosimetry Group currently maintains four neutron beam lines dedicated to studies of fundamental neutron interactions. The neutrons are provided by the NIST Center for Neutron Research, a national user facility for studies that include condensed matter physics, materials science, nuclear chemistry, and biological science. The beam lines for fundamental physics experiments include a high-intensity polychromatic beam, a 0.496 nm monochromatic beam, a 0.89 nm monochromatic beam, and a neutron interferometer and optics facility. This paper discusses some of the parameters of the beam lines along with brief presentations of some of the experiments performed at the facilities. PMID:27308110

Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration-Plant Program. Volume II. The environment (Deliverable No. 27). [Baseline environmental data

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-08-01

The proposed site of the Industrial Fuel Gas Demonstration Plant (IFGDP) is located on a small peninsula extending eastward into Lake McKeller from the south shore. The peninsula is located west-southwest of the City of Memphis near the confluence of Lake McKeller and the Mississippi River. The environmental setting of this site and the region around this site is reported in terms of physical, biological, and human descriptions. Within the physical description, this report divides the environmental setting into sections on physiography, geology, hydrology, water quality, climatology, air quality, and ambient noise. The biological description is divided into sections onmore » aquatic and terrestrial ecology. Finally, the human environment description is reported in sections on land use, demography, socioeconomics, culture, and visual features. This section concludes with a discussion of physical environmental constraints.« less

Composing Models of Geographic Physical Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hofer, Barbara; Frank, Andrew U.

Processes are central for geographic information science; yet geographic information systems (GIS) lack capabilities to represent process related information. A prerequisite to including processes in GIS software is a general method to describe geographic processes independently of application disciplines. This paper presents such a method, namely a process description language. The vocabulary of the process description language is derived formally from mathematical models. Physical processes in geography can be described in two equivalent languages: partial differential equations or partial difference equations, where the latter can be shown graphically and used as a method for application specialists to enter their process models. The vocabulary of the process description language comprises components for describing the general behavior of prototypical geographic physical processes. These process components can be composed by basic models of geographic physical processes, which is shown by means of an example.

Charge Transport in Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes: A Paradigm Shift

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-18

that provide inadequate descriptions of experimental data, often using empirical equations whose fitting parameters have no physical significance...provide inadequate descriptions of experimental data, often using empirical equations whose fitting parameters have no physical significance...Ea The hydrodynamic model, utilizing the Stokes equation describes isothermal conductivity, self-diffusion coefficient, and the dielectric

Physics division. Progress report, January 1, 1995--December 31, 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stewart, M.; Bacon, D.S.; Aine, C.J.

1997-10-01

This issue of the Physics Division Progress Report describes progress and achievements in Physics Division research during the period January 1, 1995-December 31, 1996. The report covers the five main areas of experimental research and development in which Physics Division serves the needs of Los Alamos National Laboratory and the nation in applied and basic sciences: (1) biophysics, (2) hydrodynamic physics, (3) neutron science and technology, (4) plasma physics, and (5) subatomic physics. Included in this report are a message from the Division Director, the Physics Division mission statement, an organizational chart, descriptions of the research areas of the fivemore » groups in the Division, selected research highlights, project descriptions, the Division staffing and funding levels for FY95-FY97, and a list of publications and presentations.« less

In situ evidence of mineral physical protection and carbon stabilization revealed by nanoscale 3-D tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weng, Yi-Tse; Wang, Chun-Chieh; Chiang, Cheng-Cheng; Tsai, Heng; Song, Yen-Fang; Huang, Shiuh-Tsuen; Liang, Biqing

2018-05-01

An approach for nanoscale 3-D tomography of organic carbon (OC) and associated mineral nanoparticles was developed to illustrate their spatial distribution and boundary interplay, using synchrotron-based transmission X-ray microscopy (TXM). The proposed 3-D tomography technique was first applied to in situ observation of a laboratory-made consortium of black carbon (BC) and nanomineral (TiO2, 15 nm), and its performance was evaluated using dual-scan (absorption contrast and phase contrast) modes. This novel tool was then successfully applied to a natural OC-mineral consortium from mountain soil at a spatial resolution of 60 nm, showing the fine structure and boundary of OC, the distribution of abundant nano-sized minerals, and the 3-D organo-mineral association in situ. The stabilization of 3500-year-old natural OC was mainly attributed to the physical protection of nano-sized iron (Fe)-containing minerals (Fe oxyhydroxides including ferrihydrite, goethite, and lepidocrocite), and the strong organo-mineral complexation. In situ evidence revealed an abundance of mineral nanoparticles, in dense thin layers or nano-aggregates/clusters, instead of crystalline clay-sized minerals on or near OC surfaces. The key working minerals for C stabilization were reactive short-range-order (SRO) mineral nanoparticles and poorly crystalline submicron-sized clay minerals. Spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the studied OC was not merely in crisscross co-localization with reactive SRO minerals; there could be a significant degree of binding between OC and the minerals. The ubiquity and abundance of mineral nanoparticles on the OC surface, and their heterogeneity in the natural environment may have been severely underestimated by traditional research approaches. Our in situ description of organo-mineral interplay at the nanoscale provides direct evidence to substantiate the importance of mineral physical protection for the long-term stabilization of OC. This high-resolution 3-D tomography approach is a promising tool for generating new insight into the interior 3-D structure of micro-aggregates, the in situ interplay between OC and minerals, and the fate of mineral nanoparticles (including heavy metals) in natural environments.

Physics and Applications of Unipolar Barriers in Infrared (IR) Detectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-08-23

SE 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 NUMBER(S) AFRL -RV-PS-TR-2016-0120 12. DISTRIBUTION / AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for...DISTRIBUTION LIST DTIC/OCP 8725 John J. Kingman Rd, Suite 0944 Ft Belvoir, VA 22060-6218 1 cy AFRL /RVIL Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 2 cys Official... AFRL -RV-PS- TR-2016-0120 AFRL -RV-PS- TR-2016-0120 PHYSICS AND APPLICATIONS OF UNIPOLAR BARRIERS IN INFRARED (IR) DETECTORS Gary Wicks University

High-resolution x-ray tomography using laboratory sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tkachuk, Andrei; Feser, Michael; Cui, Hongtao; Duewer, Fred; Chang, Hauyee; Yun, Wenbing

2006-08-01

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) is a powerful nondestructive 3D imaging technique, which enables the visualization of the three dimensional structure of complex, optically opaque samples. High resolution XCT using Fresnel zone plate lenses has been confined in the past to synchrotron radiation centers due to the need for a bright and intense source of x-rays. This confinement severely limits the availability and accessibility of x-ray microscopes and the wide proliferation of this methodology. We are describing a sub-50nm resolution XCT system operating at 8 keV in absorption and Zernike phase contrast mode based on a commercially available laboratory x-ray source. The system utilizes high-efficiency Fresnel zone plates with an outermost zone width of 35 nm and 700 nm structure height resulting in a current spatial resolution better than 50 nm. In addition to the technical description of the system and specifications, we present application examples in the semiconductor field.

The National Ignition Facility Status and Plans for Laser Fusion and High Energy Density Experimental Studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wuest, Craig R.

2001-03-01

The National Ignition Facility (NIF) currently under construction at the University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory is 192-beam, 1.8 Megajoule, 500 Terawatt, 351 nm laser for inertial confinement fusion and high energy density experimental studies. NIF is being built by the Department of Energy and the National Nuclear Security Agency to provide an experimental test bed for the US Stockpile Stewardship Program to ensure the country’s nuclear deterrent without underground nuclear testing. The experimental program for NIF will encompass a wide range of physical phenomena from fusion energy production to materials science. Of the roughly 700 shots available per year, about 10% of the shots will be dedicated to basic science research. Additionally, most of the shots on NIF will be conducted in unclassified configurations that will allow participation from the greater scientific community in planned applied physics experiments. This presentation will provide a look at the status of the construction project as well as a description of the scientific uses of NIF. NIF is currently scheduled to provide first light in 2004 and will be completed in 2008. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by University of California Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under contract No. W-7405-Eng-48.

Kepler orbits in the Stokesian sedimentation of discs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chajwa, Rahul; Menon, Narayanan; Ramaswamy, Sriram

We study experimentally the settling dynamics of a pair of falling discs in a viscous fluid (Re 10-4), in a quasi-two-dimensional geometry with the vector normal to the discs, and the trajectory of the centres of the discs, lying in a plane. For initial conditions that are symmetric about the settling direction, we find periodic or scattering orbits of the settling pair [S. Jung et al., PRE 74, 035302 (2006)], and account for these in a purely far-field analysis [S. Kim, Int J Multiphase Flow 11, 699 (1985)]. In particular, we show that the problem of a symmetrically settling pair of spheroids can be mapped to the Kepler two-body problem. The solution to this problem gives a sharp transition between bound and scattering trajectories which is consistent with experimental observations. For initial conditions where the motions of the particles are not symmetric about the settling direction, we obtain yet another separatrix between full rotations and periodic oscillations which we study within an effective Hamiltonian description of this inertialess and entirely dissipative dynamical system. Present addresses - RC: ICTS-TIFR, Hessarghatta, Bengaluru 560 089; NM: Physics Department, UMass Amherst MA 01003; SR: Dept of Physics, IISc, Bengaluru 560 012 SR was supported in part by a J C Bose Fellowship of the SERB, India.

Emmision cross section of OI (135.6nm) at 100 eV resulting from electron-inpact dissociative excitation of O-2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noren, C.; Kanik, I.; Ajello, J.; McCartney, P.; Makarov, O.; McClintock, W.; Drake, V.

2001-01-01

In this Letter, we report for the first time, the ratio of the O I (135.6 nm)/O I (130.4 nm) absolute emission cross sections from electron-impact dissociative excitation of O-2 at 100 eV using facilities located at the University of Colorado, Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP).

48 CFR 570.302 - Description of requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the lease. (2) Functional, performance, or physical requirements. (3) Any special requirements. (4... requirements. 570.302 Section 570.302 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION... Leasehold Interests in Real Property 570.302 Description of requirements. (a) The description of...

Local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and physical inactivity, features of the built environment, and 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin in an Australian population-based biomedical cohort.

PubMed

Carroll, Suzanne J; Paquet, Catherine; Howard, Natasha J; Coffee, Neil T; Taylor, Anne W; Niyonsenga, Theo; Daniel, Mark

2016-10-01

Descriptive norms vary between places. Spatial variation in health-related descriptive norms may predict individual-level health outcomes. Such relationships have rarely been investigated. This study assessed 10-year change in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in relation to local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity (n = 1890) and physical inactivity (n = 1906) in models accounting for features of the built environment. HbA1c was measured three times over 10 years for a population-based biomedical cohort of adults in Adelaide, South Australia. Environmental exposures were expressed for cohort participants using 1600 m road-network buffers centred on participants' residential address. Local descriptive norms (prevalence of overweight/obesity [body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)] and of physical inactivity [<150 min/week]) were aggregated from responses to a separate geocoded population survey. Built environment measures were public open space (POS) availability (proportion of buffer area) and walkability. Separate sets of multilevel models analysed different predictors of 10-year change in HbA1c. Each model featured one local descriptive norm and one built environment variable with area-level education and individual-level covariates (age, sex, employment status, education, marital status, and smoking status). Interactions between local descriptive norms and built environment measures were assessed. HbA1c increased over time. POS availability and local descriptive norms for overweight/obesity and physical inactivity were each associated with greater rates of HbA1c increase. Greater walkability was associated with a reduced rate of HbA1c increase, and reduced the influence of the overweight/obesity norm on the rate of increase in HbA1c. Local descriptive health-related norms and features of the built environment predict 10-year change in HbA1c. The impact of local descriptive norms can vary according to built environment features. Little researched thus far, local descriptive norms may play an important role in the evolution of HbA1c and thus cardiometabolic risk, over time. Further empirical research on local descriptive norms is necessary to understand how residential environments shape chronic disease risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Quantum optics. Gravity meets quantum physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Adams, Bernhard W.

2015-02-27

Albert Einstein’s general theory of relativity is a classical formulation but a quantum mechanical description of gravitational forces is needed, not only to investigate the coupling of classical and quantum systems but simply to give a more complete description of our physical surroundings. In this issue of Nature Photonics, Wen-Te Liao and Sven Ahrens reveal a link between quantum and gravitational physics. They propose that in the quantum-optical effect of superradiance, the world line of electromagnetic radiation is changed by the presence of a gravitational field.

Physical fitness, health behaviour and health among nursing students: A descriptive correlational study.

PubMed

Klainin-Yobas, Piyanee; He, Hong-Gu; Lau, Ying

2015-12-01

Health behaviour is of great importance for nursing students to achieve optimal health. Healthy students tend to complete their study and remain in the nursing workforce. They will also serve as a role model of for patients. However, there is limited research concerning physical fitness and health behaviour (such as sleep problems) in this population. This study aims to examine the relationships among health behaviour, personal variables, physical fitness, perceived physical health and psychological health. A cross-sectional descriptive correlational study was used. A total of 335 nursing students who were enrolled in a university in Thailand. Data were collected by self-administered questionnaires and physical fitness tests. Independent variables were personal variables and health behaviour. Outcome variables included physical fitness, perceived physical health and psychological health. Descriptive statistics and path analyses were used to analyse data. Nursing students had poor to moderate levels of total physical fitness, with cardiovascular fitness and body flexibility components having the lowest scores. Students who exercised regularly tended to have better physical fitness, perceived physical health and psychological health. Those who did not have sleep problems had better psychological health. Some personal variables and health behaviours were associated with health among nursing students. Appropriate interventions are required to promote positive health behaviour in this population. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Physical Activity, Health, and Well-Being: An International Scientific Consensus Conference. Proceedings.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouchard, Claude; And Others

1995-01-01

Presents eight papers: "Physical Activity and Health"; "Exercise and Physical Health"; "Exercise and Physical Health: Cancer and Immune Function"; "Exercise and Psychosocial Health"; "Physical Activity, Health, and Wellbeing at Different Life Stages"; "Descriptive Epidemiology of…

A study on the physical fitness index, heart rate and blood pressure in different phases of lunar month on male human subjects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Ujjwal; Ghosh, Tusharkanti

2013-09-01

The gravitational pull of the moon on the earth is not the same in all phases of the lunar month, i.e. new moon (NM), first quarter (FQ), full moon (FM) and third quarter (TQ), and as a result the amplitude of tide differs in different phases. The gravitational pull of the moon may have effects on the fluid compartments of the human body and hence the cardiovascular system may be affected differentially in the different phases of the lunar month. In the present study resting heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP), physical fitness index (PFI), peak HR and BP immediately after step test, and recovery HR and BP after step test were measured during different phases of the lunar month in 76 male university students (age 23.7 ± 1.7 years). At rest, both systolic and mean arterial BP were ˜5 mmHg lower in NM and FM compared to FQ and TQ, but resting HR was not significantly different between phases. Further, peak HR and peak systolic BP after step test were lower (˜4 beat/min and ˜5 mmHg, respectively) in NM and FM compared to FQ and TQ. PFI was also higher (˜5) in NM and FM compared to FQ and TQ. Recovery of HR after step test was quicker in NM and FM compared to that of FQ and TQ. It appears from this study that gravitational pull of the moon may affect the cardiovascular functions of the human body. Moreover, the physical efficiency of humans is increased in NM and FM due to these altered cardiovascular regulations.

A retrospective, descriptive study of shoulder outcomes in outpatient physical therapy.

PubMed

Millar, A Lynn; Lasheway, Philip A; Eaton, Wendy; Christensen, Frances

2006-06-01

A retrospective, descriptive study of clients with shoulder dysfunction referred to physical therapy. To (1) describe the clinical and functional outcomes of clients with shoulder dysfunction following outpatient physical therapy, and (2) to compare the outcomes by type of shoulder dysfunction. Although individuals with shoulder dysfunction are commonly referred to physical therapy few large descriptive studies regarding outcomes following physical therapy are available. Data for 878 clients (468 female, 410 male) were retrieved and analyzed. This database was developed between 1997 and 2000 and included 4 outpatient facilities from 1 healthcare system in the southwest corner of Michigan. Clients were classified by type of shoulder dysfunction, and standardized tests were performed upon admittance and discharge to physical therapy. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated for all data. Of all clients, 55.1% had shoulder impingement, while 18.3% had postoperative repair, 8.9% had a frozen shoulder, 7.6% had a rotator cuff tear, 3.0% had shoulder instability, 2.1% were post fracture, and the remaining 4.9% had miscellaneous diagnoses. The average (+/-SD) age of the patients was 53.6 +/- 16.4 years, with an average (+/-SD) number of treatment sessions of 13.7 +/- 11.0. All groups showed significant changes following physical therapy intervention. Clients with diverse types of shoulder dysfunction demonstrated improvement in both clinical and functional measures at the conclusion of physical therapy, although it is not possible to determine whether these changes were due to the interventions or due to time. The type of shoulder dysfunction appears to affect the prognosis, thus expected outcomes should be based upon initial diagnosis and specific measures.

Impact of quantum confinement on transport and the electrostatic driven performance of silicon nanowire transistors at the scaling limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Ameri, Talib; Georgiev, Vihar P.; Sadi, Toufik; Wang, Yijiao; Adamu-Lema, Fikru; Wang, Xingsheng; Amoroso, Salvatore M.; Towie, Ewan; Brown, Andrew; Asenov, Asen

2017-03-01

In this work we investigate the impact of quantum mechanical effects on the device performance of n-type silicon nanowire transistors (NWT) for possible future CMOS applications at the scaling limit. For the purpose of this paper, we created Si NWTs with two channel crystallographic orientations <1 1 0> and <1 0 0> and six different cross-section profiles. In the first part, we study the impact of quantum corrections on the gate capacitance and mobile charge in the channel. The mobile charge to gate capacitance ratio, which is an indicator of the intrinsic performance of the NWTs, is also investigated. The influence of the rotating of the NWTs cross-sectional geometry by 90° on charge distribution in the channel is also studied. We compare the correlation between the charge profile in the channel and cross-sectional dimension for circular transistor with four different cross-sections diameters: 5 nm, 6 nm, 7 nm and 8 nm. In the second part of this paper, we expand the computational study by including different gate lengths for some of the Si NWTs. As a result, we establish a correlation between the mobile charge distribution in the channel and the gate capacitance, drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL) and the subthreshold slope (SS). All calculations are based on a quantum mechanical description of the mobile charge distribution in the channel. This description is based on the solution of the Schrödinger equation in NWT cross sections along the current path, which is mandatory for nanowires with such ultra-scale dimensions.

Physically transient photonics: random versus distributed feedback lasing based on nanoimprinted DNA.

PubMed

Camposeo, Andrea; Del Carro, Pompilio; Persano, Luana; Cyprych, Konrad; Szukalski, Adam; Sznitko, Lech; Mysliwiec, Jaroslaw; Pisignano, Dario

2014-10-28

Room-temperature nanoimprinted, DNA-based distributed feedback (DFB) laser operation at 605 nm is reported. The laser is made of a pure DNA host matrix doped with gain dyes. At high excitation densities, the emission of the untextured dye-doped DNA films is characterized by a broad emission peak with an overall line width of 12 nm and superimposed narrow peaks, characteristic of random lasing. Moreover, direct patterning of the DNA films is demonstrated with a resolution down to 100 nm, enabling the realization of both surface-emitting and edge-emitting DFB lasers with a typical line width of <0.3 nm. The resulting emission is polarized, with a ratio between the TE- and TM-polarized intensities exceeding 30. In addition, the nanopatterned devices dissolve in water within less than 2 min. These results demonstrate the possibility of realizing various physically transient nanophotonics and laser architectures, including random lasing and nanoimprinted devices, based on natural biopolymers.

Fluorescence spectra and biological activity of aerosolized bacillus spores and MS2 bacteriophage exposed to ozone at different relative humidities in a rotating drum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna; Pan, Yong-Le; Hill, Steven C.; Kinahan, Sean; Corson, Elizabeth; Eshbaugh, Jonathan; Santarpia, Joshua L.

2015-03-01

Biological aerosols (bioaerosols) released into the environment may undergo physical and chemical transformations when exposed to atmospheric constituents such as solar irradiation, reactive oxygenated species, ozone, free radicals, water vapor and pollutants. Aging experiments were performed in a rotating drum chamber subjecting bioaerosols, Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam (BtAH) spores and MS2 bacteriophages to ozone at 0 and 150 ppb, and relative humidities (RH) at 10%, 50%, and 80+%. Fluorescence spectra and intensities of the aerosols as a function of time in the reaction chamber were measured with a single particle fluorescence spectrometer (SPFS) and an Ultra-Violet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer® Spectrometer (UV-APS). Losses in biological activity were measured by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) assay. For both types of aerosols the largest change in fluorescence emission was between 280 and 400 nm when excited at 263 nm followed by fluorescence emission between 380 and 700 nm when excited at 351 nm. The fluorescence for both BtAH and MS2 were observed to decrease significantly at high ozone concentration and high RH when excited at 263 nm excitation. The decreases in 263 nm excited fluorescence are indicative of hydrolysis and oxidation of tryptophan in the aerosols. Fluorescence measured with the UV-APS (355-nm excitation) increased with time for both BtAH and MS2 aerosols. A two log loss of MS2 bacteriophage infectivity was observed in the presence of ozone at ~50% and 80% RH when measured by culture and normalized for physical losses by q-PCR. Viability of BtAH spores after exposure could not be measured due to the loss of genomic material during experiments, suggesting degradation of extracelluar DNA attributable to oxidation. The results of these studies indicate that the physical and biological properties of bioaerosols change significantly after exposure to ozone and water vapor.

Fluorescence spectra and biological activity of aerosolized bacillus spores and MS2 bacteriophage exposed to ozone at different relative humidities in a rotating drum

DOE PAGES

Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna; Pan, Yong-Le; Hill, Steven C.; ...

2015-10-14

Biological aerosols (bioaerosols) released into the environment may undergo physical and chemical transformations when exposed to atmospheric constituents such as solar irradiation, reactive oxygenated species, ozone, free radicals, water vapor and pollutants. Aging experiments were performed in a rotating drum chamber subjecting bioaerosols, Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam (BtAH) spores and MS2 bacteriophages to ozone at 0 and 150 ppb, and relative humidities (RH) at 10%, 50%, and 80+%. Fluorescence spectra and intensities of the aerosols as a function of time in the reaction chamber were measured with a single particle fluorescence spectrometer (SPFS) and an Ultra-Violet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer® Spectrometermore » (UV-APS). Losses in biological activity were measured by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) assay. For both types of aerosols the largest change in fluorescence emission was between 280 and 400 nm when excited at 263 nm followed by fluorescence emission between 380 and 700 nm when excited at 351 nm. The fluorescence for both BtAH and MS2 were observed to decrease significantly at high ozone concentration and high RH when excited at 263 nm excitation. The decreases in 263 nm excited fluorescence are indicative of hydrolysis and oxidation of tryptophan in the aerosols. Fluorescence measured with the UV-APS (355-nm excitation) increased with time for both BtAH and MS2 aerosols. A two log loss of MS2 bacteriophage infectivity was observed in the presence of ozone at ~50% and 80% RH when measured by culture and normalized for physical losses by q-PCR. Viability of BtAH spores after exposure could not be measured due to the loss of genomic material during experiments, suggesting degradation of extracelluar DNA attributable to oxidation. The results of these studies indicate that the physical and biological properties of bioaerosols change significantly after exposure to ozone and water vapor.« less

Fluorescence spectra and biological activity of aerosolized bacillus spores and MS2 bacteriophage exposed to ozone at different relative humidities in a rotating drum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ratnesar-Shumate, Shanna; Pan, Yong-Le; Hill, Steven C.

Biological aerosols (bioaerosols) released into the environment may undergo physical and chemical transformations when exposed to atmospheric constituents such as solar irradiation, reactive oxygenated species, ozone, free radicals, water vapor and pollutants. Aging experiments were performed in a rotating drum chamber subjecting bioaerosols, Bacillus thuringiensis Al Hakam (BtAH) spores and MS2 bacteriophages to ozone at 0 and 150 ppb, and relative humidities (RH) at 10%, 50%, and 80+%. Fluorescence spectra and intensities of the aerosols as a function of time in the reaction chamber were measured with a single particle fluorescence spectrometer (SPFS) and an Ultra-Violet Aerodynamic Particle Sizer® Spectrometermore » (UV-APS). Losses in biological activity were measured by culture and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) assay. For both types of aerosols the largest change in fluorescence emission was between 280 and 400 nm when excited at 263 nm followed by fluorescence emission between 380 and 700 nm when excited at 351 nm. The fluorescence for both BtAH and MS2 were observed to decrease significantly at high ozone concentration and high RH when excited at 263 nm excitation. The decreases in 263 nm excited fluorescence are indicative of hydrolysis and oxidation of tryptophan in the aerosols. Fluorescence measured with the UV-APS (355-nm excitation) increased with time for both BtAH and MS2 aerosols. A two log loss of MS2 bacteriophage infectivity was observed in the presence of ozone at ~50% and 80% RH when measured by culture and normalized for physical losses by q-PCR. Viability of BtAH spores after exposure could not be measured due to the loss of genomic material during experiments, suggesting degradation of extracelluar DNA attributable to oxidation. The results of these studies indicate that the physical and biological properties of bioaerosols change significantly after exposure to ozone and water vapor.« less

Ti, Ni and TiNi nanoparticles physically synthesized by Ar+ beam milling.

PubMed

Torres Castro, A; López Cuéllar, E; José Yacamán, M; Ortiz Méndez, U

2008-12-01

When the size of a particle decreases around 100 nm or less, there is a change in properties from those shown in the bulk material. In this work approximately 3 nm nanoparticles of Ni, Ti and TiNi bimetallic are produced using physical vapor deposition (PVD). Nanoparticles are characterized by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRTEM), High Angle Annular Dark Field (HAADF), Electron Diffraction (ED). The results show that all nanoparticles maintain the same crystal structure of bulk material but a change in their lattice parameter is produced.

Physics through the 1990s: Nuclear physics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

The volume begins with a non-mathematical introduction to nuclear physics. A description of the major advances in the field follows, with chapters on nuclear structure and dynamics, fundamental forces in the nucleus, and nuclei under extreme conditions of temperature, density, and spin. Impacts of nuclear physics on astrophysics and the scientific and societal benefits of nuclear physics are then discussed. Another section deals with scientific frontiers, describing research into the realm of the quark-gluon plasma; the changing description of nuclear matter, specifically the use of the quark model; and the implications of the standard model and grand unified theories of elementary-particle physics; and finishes with recommendations and priorities for nuclear physics research facilities, instrumentation, accelerators, theory, education, and data bases. Appended are a list of national accelerator facilities, a list of reviewers, a bibliography, and a glossary.

Quality characteristics of Bali sardinella (Sardinella lemuru) oil purified with bentonite as an adsorbent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nadhiro, U.; Subekti, S.; Tjahjaningsih, W.; Patmawati

2018-04-01

Crude fish oil extracted from fish canning industry a low quality, therefore refining process is required to obtain feasible fish oil for food purposes. Purification of fish oil can through steps of degumming, neutralization, and bleaching by using bentonite as the adsorbent. This study aims to analyze the results of the purification process of crude fish oil by-product of canning industry of lemuru fish by using bentonite adsorbent with different concentrations. The method used was an experimental method by descriptive data analysis. The results showed that the highest yield (33.418 %) obtained from oil purification of lemuru with bentonite concentration of 6 % are classified as follows: free fatty acid content of 0.265 %, peroxide value of 6.343 mEq / kg, produce clarity 60.275 % T, 88.075 % T, 87.5 % T, 87.425 % T, 87.975 % T at a wavelength (λ) of 450 nm, 550 nm, 620 nm, 665 nm, 700 nm, para-anisidine value of 3.725 mEq / kg; and value of oxidation total of 16.41 meq / kg.

Challenges for Physical Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Under Pristine and Environmentally Relevant Conditions

EPA Science Inventory

The reported size distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is strongly affected by the underlying measurement method, agglomeration state, and dispersion conditions. A selection of AgNP materials with vendor-reported diameters ranging from 1 nm to 100 nm, various size distrib...

Nonlinear optics of fibre event horizons.

PubMed

Webb, Karen E; Erkintalo, Miro; Xu, Yiqing; Broderick, Neil G R; Dudley, John M; Genty, Goëry; Murdoch, Stuart G

2014-09-17

The nonlinear interaction of light in an optical fibre can mimic the physics at an event horizon. This analogue arises when a weak probe wave is unable to pass through an intense soliton, despite propagating at a different velocity. To date, these dynamics have been described in the time domain in terms of a soliton-induced refractive index barrier that modifies the velocity of the probe. Here we complete the physical description of fibre-optic event horizons by presenting a full frequency-domain description in terms of cascaded four-wave mixing between discrete single-frequency fields, and experimentally demonstrate signature frequency shifts using continuous wave lasers. Our description is confirmed by the remarkable agreement with experiments performed in the continuum limit, reached using ultrafast lasers. We anticipate that clarifying the description of fibre event horizons will significantly impact on the description of horizon dynamics and soliton interactions in photonics and other systems.

Application of mid-infrared pulses for quasi-phase-matching of high-order harmonics in silver plasma.

PubMed

Ganeev, Rashid A; Husakou, Anton; Suzuki, Masayuki; Kuroda, Hiroto

2016-02-22

We demonstrate the quasi-phase-matching of a group of harmonics generated in Ag multi-jet plasma using tunable pulses in the region of 1160 - 1540 nm and their second harmonic emission. The numerical treatment of this effect includes microscopic description of the harmonic generation, propagation of the pump pulse, and the propagation of the generated harmonics. We obtained more than 30-fold growth of harmonics at the conditions of quasi-phase-matching in the region of 35 nm using eight-jet plasma compared with the case of imperforated plasma.

Nuclear and particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology (NPAC) capability review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Redondo, Antonio

2010-01-01

The present document represents a summary self-assessment of the status of the Nuclear and Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology (NPAC) capability across Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). For the purpose of this review, we have divided the capability into four theme areas: Nuclear Physics, Particle Physics, Astrophysics and Cosmology, and Applied Physics. For each theme area we have given a general but brief description of the activities under the area, a list of the Laboratory divisions involved in the work, connections to the goals and mission of the Laboratory, a brief description of progress over the last three years, ourmore » opinion of the overall status of the theme area, and challenges and issues.« less

10 CFR Appendix A to Part 605 - The Energy Research Program Office Descriptions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... inorganic chemistry; chemical physics; atomic physics; photochemistry; radiation chemistry; thermodynamics... is comprised of the subfields metallurgy, ceramics, solid state physics, materials chemistry, and... listed below. (a) Applied Plasma Physics (APP) This Division seeks to develop that body of physics...

Nanotechnology for the forest products industry

Treesearch

Theodore Wegner; Philip Jones

2005-01-01

Nanotechnology is defined as the manipulation of materials measuring 100 nanometers or less in at least one dimension. In addition, nanomaterials must display unique properties and characteristics that are different than their bulk properties. At the 1-nanometer (nm) level, quantum mechanics rules, and at dimensions above 100 nm, classical continuum mechanics, physics...

Multi-Wave Station of Solar Monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Korokhin, V.; Akimov, L.; Beletsky, S.; Belkina, I.; Velikodsky, Y.; Marchenko, G.; Shaparenko, E.

A technical description of the contemporary solar telescope of the Kharkov Astronomical Observatory (http://khassm.virtualave.net) is given, and the plan to future development is sketched. A wide range monitoring of solar activity including observations near UV range in Balmer continuum and the IR line of He 1083 nm is presented.

Simultaneous Retrievals of Aerosol Properties Using Airborne Sun Photometer, Solar Flux Radiometer, and Satellite Radiance Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houben, H.; Bergstrom, R. W.; Russell, P. B.; Pilewskie, P.

2006-12-01

Characterization of atmospheric aerosols and their climatic effects frequently requires more information than can be gathered by a single instrument. Considerable effort must be devoted to assembling a suite of complementary instruments to make the required measurements and to the production of computational tools that can fuse the data into a coherent description of the aerosols. The twin turboprop Sky Research Jetstream-31 (J-31) has participated in a number of recent field campaigns (Intex A/ICARTT, Intex B/Milagro) with goals that include column closure studies of atmospheric radiation and satellite validation. Among the instruments on board were the 14-channel NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sunphotometer (AATS-14, which measures the transmission of the solar beam in 14 narrow spectral channels from 354 nm to 2139 nm with bandwidths between 2 and 6 nm for most channels) and the Solar Spectral Flux Radiometer (SSFR, a moderate resolution flux [irradiance] spectrometer with a hemispheric field of view which makes simultaneous zenith and nadir measurements in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2200 nm with spectral resolution 8--12 nm). To retrieve the data we have developed a new adjointed radiative transfer model which simultaneously predicts the direct solar beam, upwelling and downwelling fluxes at the J-31 level, and satellite radiances. The code is based on an adding-doubling formulation, with an arbitrary number of streams and azimuths. The matrix form of the model allows for straightforward (though complicated) linearized and adjoint versions. We are thus able to use data assimilation techniques to determine best-fit aerosol properties above and below the J-31 (and ocean surface albedo), based on approximately 25 independent measurements from the aircraft alone. The presence of both flux and extinction data allow the ready identification of absorbing and scattering aerosols. When column closure spirals are flown, or surface or satellite data are available, a more detailed description of the aerosol and its vertical distribution can be obtained. We believe the J-31 platform and the new radiation code constitute an important facility for the validation of satellite aerosol observations.

Are quantum-mechanical-like models possible, or necessary, outside quantum physics?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotnitsky, Arkady

2014-12-01

This article examines some experimental conditions that invite and possibly require recourse to quantum-mechanical-like mathematical models (QMLMs), models based on the key mathematical features of quantum mechanics, in scientific fields outside physics, such as biology, cognitive psychology, or economics. In particular, I consider whether the following two correlative features of quantum phenomena that were decisive for establishing the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics play similarly important roles in QMLMs elsewhere. The first is the individuality and discreteness of quantum phenomena, and the second is the irreducibly probabilistic nature of our predictions concerning them, coupled to the particular character of the probabilities involved, as different from the character of probabilities found in classical physics. I also argue that these features could be interpreted in terms of a particular form of epistemology that suspends and even precludes a causal and, in the first place, realist description of quantum objects and processes. This epistemology limits the descriptive capacity of quantum theory to the description, classical in nature, of the observed quantum phenomena manifested in measuring instruments. Quantum mechanics itself only provides descriptions, probabilistic in nature, concerning numerical data pertaining to such phenomena, without offering a physical description of quantum objects and processes. While QMLMs share their use of the quantum-mechanical or analogous mathematical formalism, they may differ by the roles, if any, the two features in question play in them and by different ways of interpreting the phenomena they considered and this formalism itself. This article will address those differences as well.

Interactions of double patterning technology with wafer processing, OPC and design flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lucas, Kevin; Cork, Chris; Miloslavsky, Alex; Luk-Pat, Gerry; Barnes, Levi; Hapli, John; Lewellen, John; Rollins, Greg; Wiaux, Vincent; Verhaegen, Staf

2008-03-01

Double patterning technology (DPT) is one of the main options for printing logic devices with half-pitch less than 45nm; and flash and DRAM memory devices with half-pitch less than 40nm. DPT methods decompose the original design intent into two individual masking layers which are each patterned using single exposures and existing 193nm lithography tools. The results of the individual patterning layers combine to re-create the design intent pattern on the wafer. In this paper we study interactions of DPT with lithography, masks synthesis and physical design flows. Double exposure and etch patterning steps create complexity for both process and design flows. DPT decomposition is a critical software step which will be performed in physical design and also in mask synthesis. Decomposition includes cutting (splitting) of original design intent polygons into multiple polygons where required; and coloring of the resulting polygons. We evaluate the ability to meet key physical design goals such as: reduce circuit area; minimize rework; ensure DPT compliance; guarantee patterning robustness on individual layer targets; ensure symmetric wafer results; and create uniform wafer density for the individual patterning layers.

Correlative live and super-resolution imaging reveals the dynamic structure of replication domains.

PubMed

Xiang, Wanqing; Roberti, M Julia; Hériché, Jean-Karim; Huet, Sébastien; Alexander, Stephanie; Ellenberg, Jan

2018-06-04

Chromosome organization in higher eukaryotes controls gene expression, DNA replication, and DNA repair. Genome mapping has revealed the functional units of chromatin at the submegabase scale as self-interacting regions called topologically associating domains (TADs) and showed they correspond to replication domains (RDs). A quantitative structural and dynamic description of RD behavior in the nucleus is, however, missing because visualization of dynamic subdiffraction-sized RDs remains challenging. Using fluorescence labeling of RDs combined with correlative live and super-resolution microscopy in situ, we determined biophysical parameters to characterize the internal organization, spacing, and mechanical coupling of RDs. We found that RDs are typically 150 nm in size and contain four co-replicating regions spaced 60 nm apart. Spatially neighboring RDs are spaced 300 nm apart and connected by highly flexible linker regions that couple their motion only <550 nm. Our pipeline allows a robust quantitative characterization of chromosome structure in situ and provides important biophysical parameters to understand general principles of chromatin organization. © 2018 Xiang et al.

[Physical methods and molecular biology].

PubMed

Serdiuk, I N

2009-01-01

The review is devoted to the description of the current state of physical and chemical methods used for studying the structural and functional bases of living processes. Special attention is focused on the physical methods that have opened a new page in the research of the structure of biological macromolecules. They include primarily the methods of detecting and manipulating single molecules using optical and magnetic traps. New physical methods, such as two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy and magnetic resonance microscopy are also analyzed briefly in the review. The path that physics and biology have passed for the latest 55 years shows that there is no single method providing all necessary information on macromolecules and their interactions. Each method provides its space-time view of the system. All physical methods are complementary. It is just complementarity that is the fundamental idea justifying the existence in practice of all physical methods, whose description is the aim of the review.

Effective description of domain wall strings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodrigues, Davi R.; Abanov, Ar.; Sinova, J.; Everschor-Sitte, K.

2018-04-01

The analysis of domain wall dynamics is often simplified to one-dimensional physics. For domain walls in thin films, more realistic approaches require the description as two-dimensional objects. This includes the study of vortices and curvatures along the domain walls as well as the influence of boundary effects. Here we provide a theory in terms of soft modes that allows us to analytically study the physics of extended domain walls and their stability. By considering irregularly shaped skyrmions as closed domain walls, we analyze their plasticity and compare their dynamics with those of circular skyrmions. Our theory directly provides an analytical description of the excitation modes of magnetic skyrmions, previously accessible only through sophisticated micromagnetic numerical calculations and spectral analysis. These analytical expressions provide the scaling behavior of the different physics on parameters that experiments can test.

Intensity/time profiles of solar particle events at one astronomical unit

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shea, M. A.

1988-01-01

A description of the intensity-time profiles of solar proton events observed at the orbit of the earth is presented. The discussion, which includes descriptive figures, presents a general overview of the subject without the detailed mathematical description of the physical processes which usually accompany most reviews.

Transient disablement in the physically active with musculoskeletal injuries, part I: a descriptive model.

PubMed

Vela, Luzita I; Denegar, Craig

2010-01-01

Disablement theory has been characterized as the sequence of events that occurs after an injury, but little research has been conducted to establish how disablement is experienced and described by physically active persons. To describe the disablement process in physically active persons with musculoskeletal injuries. Concurrent, embedded mixed-methods study. For the qualitative portion, interviews were conducted to create descriptive disablement themes. For the quantitative portion, frequencies analysis was used to identify common terminology. National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate and club sports, collegiate intramural program, large high school athletics program, and outpatient orthopaedic center. Thirty-one physically active volunteers (15 males, 16 females; mean age  =  21.2 years; range, 14-53 years) with a current injury (18 lower extremity injuries, 13 upper extremity injuries) participated in individual interviews. Six physically active volunteers (3 males, 3 females; mean age  =  22.2 years; range, 16-28 years) participated in the group interview to assess trustworthiness. We analyzed interviews through a constant-comparison method, and data were collected until saturation occurred. Common limitations were transformed into descriptive themes and were confirmed during the group interview. Disablement descriptors were identified with frequencies and fit to the themes. A total of 15 overall descriptive themes emerged within the 4 disablement components, and descriptive terms were identified for each theme. Impairments were marked by 4 complaints: pain, decreased motion, decreased muscle function, and instability. Functional limitations were denoted by problems with skill performance, daily actions, maintaining positions, fitness, and changing directions. Disability consisted of problems with participation in desired activities. Lastly, problems in quality of life encompassed uncertainty and fear, stress and pressure, mood and frustration, overall energy, and altered relationships. A preliminary generic outcomes instrument was generated from the findings. Our results will help clinicians understand how disablement is described by the physically active. The findings also have implications for how disablement outcomes are measured.

Perceptions and the role of group exercise among New York City adults, 2010-2011: an examination of interpersonal factors and leisure-time physical activity.

PubMed

Firestone, Melanie J; Yi, Stella S; Bartley, Katherine F; Eisenhower, Donna L

2015-03-01

To examine associations of descriptive norms (i.e., behaviors of social group members) and exercising 'with a partner' or 'as a part of a group' on weekly leisure-time physical activity. T-tests and adjusted multivariable linear models were used to test the associations between descriptive norms and exercising with a partner or as a part of a group with self-reported leisure-time physical activity using the cross-sectional, population-based New York City Physical Activity and Transit (PAT) Survey 2010-2011 (n=3806). Overall, 70.6% of adult New Yorkers reported having physically active friends. Having active friends was associated with increased leisure-time physical activity; however, the effect varied by sex. Compared to those who did not have active friends, males with active friends reported two times more activity (56 min/week) and women reported two and a half times more activity (35 min/week) (both p-values<0.001). Physically active males and females who usually engaged in leisure-time activities as a part of a group reported 1.4 times more activity than those who exercised alone (both p-values<0.03). Descriptive norms and group exercise were associated with leisure-time physical activity among adults. Based on these associations, encouraging group exercise may be an effective strategy for increasing leisure-time physical activity among certain subgroups. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Magnetically guiding and orienting integrated chemical sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anker, Jeffrey N.; Lee, Yong-Eun Koo; Kopelman, Raoul

2014-08-01

Fluorescent microsensors for detecting pH and oxygen were positioned and oriented using magnetic tweezers. These multifunctional integrated microsensors were fabricated by physically linking together nano-components including magnetic nanoparticles, fluorescent nanoparticles, and metal hemisphere-shells. Two such microsensors are magnetic roll-shaped polystyrene particles with 120 nm fluorescent oxygen-sensing ormosil nanospheres that are physically pressed ("breaded") into the roll surface, and 4-5 µm fluorescent microspheres that are capped with a 50 nm thick metal hemispherical shell. The magnetic tweezers consisted of an iron wire that was magnetized in an external magnetic field. Rotating this external field oriented and rotated the microsensors.

Emotions while awaiting lung transplantation: A comprehensive qualitative analysis

PubMed Central

Brügger, Aurelia; Aubert, John-David

2014-01-01

Patients awaiting lung transplantation are at risk of negative emotional and physical experiences. How do they talk about emotions? Semi-structured interviews were performed (15 patients). Categorical analysis focusing on emotion-related descriptions was organized into positive–negative–neutral descriptions: for primary and secondary emotions, evaluation processes, coping strategies, personal characteristics, emotion descriptions associated with physical states, (and) contexts were listed. Patients develop different strategies to maintain positive identity and attitude, while preserving significant others from extra emotional load. Results are discussed within various theoretical and research backgrounds, in emphasizing their importance in the definition of emotional support starting from the patient’s perspective. PMID:28070345

Emotions while awaiting lung transplantation: A comprehensive qualitative analysis.

PubMed

Brügger, Aurelia; Aubert, John-David; Piot-Ziegler, Chantal

2014-07-01

Patients awaiting lung transplantation are at risk of negative emotional and physical experiences. How do they talk about emotions? Semi-structured interviews were performed (15 patients). Categorical analysis focusing on emotion-related descriptions was organized into positive-negative-neutral descriptions: for primary and secondary emotions, evaluation processes, coping strategies, personal characteristics, emotion descriptions associated with physical states, (and) contexts were listed. Patients develop different strategies to maintain positive identity and attitude, while preserving significant others from extra emotional load. Results are discussed within various theoretical and research backgrounds, in emphasizing their importance in the definition of emotional support starting from the patient's perspective.

Application of the three-dimensional aperiodic Fourier modal method using arc elements in curvilinear coordinates.

PubMed

Bucci, Davide; Martin, Bruno; Morand, Alain

2012-03-01

This paper deals with a full vectorial generalization of the aperiodic Fourier modal method (AFMM) in cylindrical coordinates. The goal is to predict some key characteristics such as the bending losses of waveguides having an arbitrary distribution of the transverse refractive index. After a description of the method, we compare the results of the cylindrical coordinates AFMM with simulations by the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method performed on an S-bend structure made by a 500 nm × 200 nm silicon core (n=3.48) in silica (n=1.44) at a wavelength λ=1550 nm, the bending radius varying from 0.5 up to 2 μm. The FDTD and AFMM results show differences comparable to the variations obtained by changing the parameters of the FDTD simulations.

Bridgman growth and scintillation properties of calcium tungstate single crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhenhai; Jiang, Linwen; Chen, Yaping; Chen, Peng; Chen, Hongbing; Mao, Rihua

2017-12-01

CaWO4 single crystal with large size was grown by Bridgman method. The results of transmission spectra show that the transmittance of CaWO4 crystal reaches 79-85% in 320-800 nm wavelength range. The refraction index is near 1.80 in visible and infrared region. CaWO4 crystal shows a broad emission band centered at 424 nm under X-ray excitation and centered at 416 nm under ultraviolet (λex = 280 nm) excitation. The decay kinetics of CaWO4 single crystal shows double-exponential decay with fast decay constant τ1 = 5.4 μs and slow decay constant τ2 = 177.1 μs. The energy resolution of CaWO4 crystal was found to be 31.6% in the net peak of 545.9 channel. Meanwhile, the absolute output is at the lever of 19,000 ± 1000 photons/MeV. The results indicate the scintillator of CaWO4 single crystal has great potential in the applications of high-energy physics and nuclear physics due to its high light output and great energy resolution.

Femtosecond dynamics of monolayer MoS2-Ag nanoparticles hybrid probed at 532 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Xuefeng; Shi, Ying; Liu, Xiaochun; Sun, Mengtao

2018-01-01

In this communication, plasmon-exciton couplings of monolayer MoS2/Ag nanoparticles (NPs) hybrids with different sizes are investigated, using transient absorption spectra. Ultrafast dynamics of coupling interactions inside these hybrid structures are carefully examined at 532 nm, which can well interpret the apllication of plasmon-exciton coupling for the co-driven chemical reactions excited at 532 nm. Our experimental results can promote the deeper understanding on the physical mechanism of plasmon-excition interaction, and applications in different fields.

Model function to calculate the refractive index of native hemoglobin in the wavelength range of 250-1100 nm dependent on concentration.

PubMed

Friebel, Moritz; Meinke, Martina

2006-04-20

The real part of the complex refractive index of oxygenated native hemoglobin solutions dependent on concentration was determined in the wavelength range 250 to 1100 nm by Fresnel reflectance measurements. The hemoglobin solution was produced by physical hemolysis of human erythrocytes followed by ultracentrifugation and filtration. A model function is presented for calculating the refractive index of hemoglobin solutions depending on concentration in the wavelength range 250 to 1100 nm.

Comprehensive Fractal Description of Porosity of Coal of Different Ranks

PubMed Central

Ren, Jiangang; Zhang, Guocheng; Song, Zhimin; Liu, Gaofeng; Li, Bing

2014-01-01

We selected, as the objects of our research, lignite from the Beizao Mine, gas coal from the Caiyuan Mine, coking coal from the Xiqu Mine, and anthracite from the Guhanshan Mine. We used the mercury intrusion method and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method to analyze the structure and shape of the coal pores and calculated the fractal dimensions of different aperture segments in the coal. The experimental results show that the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of lignite, gas coal, and coking coal with an aperture of greater than or equal to 10 nm, as well as the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of anthracite with an aperture of greater than or equal to 100 nm, can be calculated using the mercury intrusion method; the fractal dimension of the coal pore, with an aperture range between 2.03 nm and 361.14 nm, can be calculated using the liquid nitrogen adsorption method, of which the fractal dimensions bounded by apertures of 10 nm and 100 nm are different. Based on these findings, we defined and calculated the comprehensive fractal dimensions of the coal pores and achieved the unity of fractal dimensions for full apertures of coal pores, thereby facilitating, overall characterization for the heterogeneity of the coal pore structure. PMID:24955407

Describing Nanomaterials: A Uniform Description System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rumble, John; Freiman, Steve; Teague, Clayton

2014-03-01

Products involving nanomaterials are growing rapidly and nanoparticles also occur naturally. Materials, scientists, engineers, health officials, and regulators have realized they need a common description system. Led by CODATA and VAMAS, a Uniform Description System (UDS) for nanomaterials is being developed to meet the requirements of a broad range of scientific and technical disciplines and different user communities. The goal of the CODATA/VAMAS effort is the creation of a complete set of descriptors that can be used by all communities, e.g., materials, physics, chemistry, agricultural, medical, etc., interested in nanomaterials. The description system must be relevant to researchers, manufacturers of nanomaterials, materials selectors, and regulators. The purpose of the UDS for materials on the nanoscale is twofold: Uniqueness and Equivalency. The first step in the development of the UDS has been the creation of a Framework that will be used by the different communities to guide in the selection of descriptors relevant to their needs. This talk is a brief description of the draft of such a Framework, and how the framework will be translated into a robust description system with input from many scientific communities including physics. A contribution from the CODATA/VAMAS Working Group on the Description of Nanomaterials.

Quantifications of Geomagnetic Storm Impact on TEC and NmF2 during 2013 Mar. event

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shim, J. S.; Tsagouri, I.; Goncharenko, L. P.; Mays, M. L.; Taktakishvili, A.; Rastaetter, L.; Kuznetsova, M. M.

2016-12-01

We investigate the ionospheric response to 2013 Mar. geomagnetic storm event using GPS TEC, ISR and ionosonde observations in North American sector. In order to quantify variations of TEC and NmF2 (or foF2) due to the storm, we remove the background quiet-time values (e.g., TEC of one day prior to the storm, NmF2 median and average of five quietest days for 30 days prior to the storm). In addition, in order to assess modeling capability of reproducing storm impacts on TEC and NmF2, we compare the observations with various model simulations, which are obtained from empirical, physics-based, and data assimilation models. Further, we investigate how uncertainty in the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) impacts on TEC and NmF2 during the geomagnetic storm event. For this uncertainty study, we use a physics-based coupled ionosphere-thermosphere model, CTIPe, and solar wind parameters obtained from ensemble of WSA-ENLIL+Cone model simulations. This study has been supported by the Community Coordinated Modeling Center (CCMC) at the Goddard Space Flight Center. Model outputs and observational data used for the study will be permanently posted at the CCMC website (http://ccmc.gsfc.nasa.gov) for the space science communities to use.

Tannic Acid/Fe3+/Ag Nanofilm Exhibiting Superior Photodynamic and Physical Antibacterial Activity.

PubMed

Xu, Ziqiang; Wang, Xiuhua; Liu, Xiangmei; Cui, Zhenduo; Yang, Xianjin; Yeung, Kelvin Wai Kwok; Chung, Jonathan Chiyuen; Chu, Paul K; Wu, Shuilin

2017-11-15

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) enwrapped in the biologically safe tannic acid (TA)/Fe 3+ nanofilm are synthesized by an ultrafast, green, simple, and universal method. The physical antibacterial activity and photodynamic antibacterial therapy (PAT) efficacy of the TA/Fe 3+ /AgNPs nanofilm were investigated for the first time, which exhibited a strong physical antibacterial activity as well as great biocompatibility, through in vitro and in vivo studies. The results disclosed that this hybrid coating could possess high PAT capabilities upon irradiation under a visible light of 660 nm, which is longer than those of previously reported green and blue sensitization light, thus allowing deeper light penetration into biological tissues. Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectra proved that the PAT efficacy of the TA/Fe 3+ /AgNPs nanofilm was associated with the yields of singlet oxygen ( 1 O 2 ) under the irradiation of visible light (660 nm). A higher PAT efficiency of 100 and 94% against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus could be achieved within 20 min of illumination under 660 nm visible light, whereas the innate physical antibacterial activity of AgNPs could endow the implants with long-term prevention of bacterial infection. The mechanism of PAT may be associated with the formation of oxidative stress and oxidative damage to key biomolecules (proteins and lipids) in bacteria. Our results reveal that the synergistic action of both PAT and physical action of AgNPs in this hybrid nanofilm is an effective way to inactivate bacteria, with minimal side effects.

Multispectral image fusion for detecting land mines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clark, G.A.; Sengupta, S.K.; Aimonetti, W.D.

1995-04-01

This report details a system which fuses information contained in registered images from multiple sensors to reduce the effects of clutter and improve the ability to detect surface and buried land mines. The sensor suite currently consists of a camera that acquires images in six bands (400nm, 500nm, 600nm, 700nm, 800nm and 900nm). Past research has shown that it is extremely difficult to distinguish land mines from background clutter in images obtained from a single sensor. It is hypothesized, however, that information fused from a suite of various sensors is likely to provide better detection reliability, because the suite ofmore » sensors detects a variety of physical properties that are more separable in feature space. The materials surrounding the mines can include natural materials (soil, rocks, foliage, water, etc.) and some artifacts.« less

Courses in Physics in Medical Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Physics Education, 1975

1975-01-01

Provides information concerning programs in medical physics, radiation biology, and radiation physics at eight British medical colleges. Each institution is separately listed, and the provided information typically includes program descriptions, graduate programs, and main branches of research. (MLH)

Behavior dynamics: One perspective

PubMed Central

Marr, M. Jackson

1992-01-01

Behavior dynamics is a field devoted to analytic descriptions of behavior change. A principal source of both models and methods for these descriptions is found in physics. This approach is an extension of a long conceptual association between behavior analysis and physics. A theme common to both is the role of molar versus molecular events in description and prediction. Similarities and differences in how these events are treated are discussed. Two examples are presented that illustrate possible correspondence between mechanical and behavioral systems. The first demonstrates the use of a mechanical model to describe the molar properties of behavior under changing reinforcement conditions. The second, dealing with some features of concurrent schedules, focuses on the possible utility of nonlinear dynamical systems to the description of both molar and molecular behavioral events as the outcome of a deterministic, but chaotic, process. PMID:16812655

Evaluation of the electrical contact area in contact-mode scanning probe microscopy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Celano, Umberto, E-mail: celano@imec.be, E-mail: u.celano@gmail.com; Chintala, Ravi Chandra; Vandervorst, Wilfried

The tunneling current through an atomic force microscopy (AFM) tip is used to evaluate the effective electrical contact area, which exists between tip and sample in contact-AFM electrical measurements. A simple procedure for the evaluation of the effective electrical contact area is described using conductive atomic force microscopy (C-AFM) in combination with a thin dielectric. We characterize the electrical contact area for coated metal and doped-diamond tips operated at low force (<200 nN) in contact mode. In both cases, we observe that only a small fraction (<10 nm{sup 2}) of the physical contact (∼100 nm{sup 2}) is effectively contributing to the transportmore » phenomena. Assuming this reduced area is confined to the central area of the physical contact, these results explain the sub-10 nm electrical resolution observed in C-AFM measurements.« less

1059 and 1328nm LD pumped Nd:S-FAP solid state laser

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun Lianke; Zhang Shaojun; Zhao Shengzhi

In this paper the authors introduce a new laser crystal--Nd{sup 3+}:Sr{sub 5}(PO{sub 4}){sub 3}F, Nd:S-FAP, and present its optical and physical characteristics. Based on the experiment lasing performance of CW LD pumped Nd:S-FAP crystal is reported here: the threshold and slope efficiency of 1059 nm Nd:S-FAP laser pumped by CW LD at 805nm are 7mW and 41%, and that of 1328nm Nd:S-FAP laser are 19mW and 35%. The comparison between experimental result and theoretical calculation is also discussed in this paper.

Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Preparation of High School Physics Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Etkina, Eugenia

2010-01-01

This paper contains a scholarly description of pedagogical practices of the Rutgers Physics/Physical Science Teacher Preparation program. The program focuses on three aspects of teacher preparation: knowledge of physics, knowledge of pedagogy, and knowledge of how to teach physics (pedagogical content knowledge--PCK). The program has been in place…

Elementary Physical Education Teachers' Content Knowledge of Physical Activity and Health-Related Fitness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santiago, Jose A.; Disch, James G.; Morales, Julio

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine elementary physical education teachers' content knowledge of physical activity and health-related fitness. Sixty-four female and 24 male teachers completed the Appropriate Physical Activity and Health-Related Fitness test. Descriptive statistics results indicated that the mean percentage score for the test…

On the Role of Mathematics in Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quale, Andreas

2011-01-01

I examine the association between the observable physical world and the mathematical models of theoretical physics. These models will exhibit many entities that have no counterpart in the physical world, but which are still necessary for the mathematical description of physical systems. Moreover, when the model is applied to the analysis of a…

Direct observation of stick-slip movements of water nanodroplets induced by an electron beam

PubMed Central

Mirsaidov, Utkur M.; Zheng, Haimei; Bhattacharya, Dipanjan; Casana, Yosune; Matsudaira, Paul

2012-01-01

Dynamics of the first few nanometers of water at the interface are encountered in a wide range of physical, chemical, and biological phenomena. A simple but critical question is whether interfacial forces at these nanoscale dimensions affect an externally induced movement of a water droplet on a surface. At the bulk-scale water droplets spread on a hydrophilic surface and slip on a nonwetting, hydrophobic surface. Here we report the experimental description of the electron beam-induced dynamics of nanoscale water droplets by direct imaging the translocation of 10- to 80-nm-diameter water nanodroplets by transmission electron microscopy. These nanodroplets move on a hydrophilic surface not by a smooth flow but by a series of stick-slip steps. We observe that each step is preceded by a unique characteristic deformation of the nanodroplet into a toroidal shape induced by the electron beam. We propose that this beam-induced change in shape increases the surface free energy of the nanodroplet that drives its transition from stick to slip state. PMID:22517747

Impurity precipitation in atomized particles evidenced by nano x-ray diffraction computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonnin, Anne; Wright, Jonathan P.; Tucoulou, Rémi; Palancher, Hervé

2014-08-01

Performances and physical properties of high technology materials are influenced or even determined by their initial microstructure and by the behavior of impurity phases. Characterizing these impurities and their relations with the surrounding matrix is therefore of primary importance but it unfortunately often requires a destructive approach, with the risk of misinterpreting the observations. The improvement we have done in high resolution X-ray diffraction computed tomography combined with the use of an X-ray nanoprobe allows non-destructive crystallographic description of materials with microscopic heterogeneous microstructure (with a grain size between 10 nm and 10 μm). In this study, the grain localization in a 2D slice of a 20 μm solidified atomized γU-Mo particle is shown and a minority U(C,O) phase (1 wt. %) with sub-micrometer sized grains was characterized inside. Evidence is presented showing that the onset of U(C,O) grain crystallization can be described by a precipitation mechanism since one single U-Mo grain has direct orientation relationship with more than one surrounding U(C,O) grains.

Dominant transverse-electric polarized emission from 298 nm MBE-grown AlN-delta-GaN quantum well ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Cheng; Ooi, Yu Kee; Islam, S. M.; Xing, Huili Grace; Jena, Debdeep; Zhang, Jing

2017-02-01

III-nitride based ultraviolet (UV) light emitting diodes (LEDs) are of considerable interest in replacing gas lasers and mercury lamps for numerous applications. Specifically, AlGaN quantum well (QW) based LEDs have been developed extensively but the external quantum efficiencies of which remain less than 10% for wavelengths <300 nm due to high dislocation density, difficult p-type doping and most importantly, the physics and band structure from the three degeneration valence subbands. One solution to address this issue at deep UV wavelengths is by the use of the AlGaN-delta-GaN QW where the insertion of the delta-GaN layer can ensure the dominant conduction band (C) - heavyhole (HH) transition, leading to large transverse-electric (TE) optical output. Here, we proposed and investigated the physics and polarization-dependent optical characterizations of AlN-delta- GaN QW UV LED at 300 nm. The LED structure is grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) where the delta-GaN layer is 3-4 monolayer (QW-like) sandwiched by 2.5-nm AlN sub-QW layers. The physics analysis shows that the use of AlN-delta-GaN QW ensures a larger separation between the top HH subband and lower-energy bands, and strongly localizes the electron and HH wave functions toward the QW center and hence resulting in 30-time enhancement in TEpolarized spontaneous emission rate, compared to that of a conventional Al0.35Ga0.65N QW. The polarization-dependent electroluminescence measurements confirm our theoretical analysis; a dominant TE-polarized emission was obtained at 298 nm with a minimum transverse-magnetic (TM) polarized emission, indicating the feasibility of high-efficiency TEpolarized UV emitters based on our proposed QW structure.

Design and Test of a 65nm CMOS Front-End with Zero Dead Time for Next Generation Pixel Detectors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gaioni, L.; Braga, D.; Christian, D.

This work is concerned with the experimental characterization of a synchronous analog processor with zero dead time developed in a 65 nm CMOS technology, conceived for pixel detectors at the HL-LHC experiment upgrades. It includes a low noise, fast charge sensitive amplifier with detector leakage compensation circuit, and a compact, single ended comparator able to correctly process hits belonging to two consecutive bunch crossing periods. A 2-bit Flash ADC is exploited for digital conversion immediately after the preamplifier. A description of the circuits integrated in the front-end processor and the initial characterization results are provided

Ultrastructural instability of paired helical filaments from corticobasal degeneration as examined by scanning transmission electron microscopy.

PubMed Central

Ksiezak-Reding, H.; Tracz, E.; Yang, L. S.; Dickson, D. W.; Simon, M.; Wall, J. S.

1996-01-01

Paired helical filaments (PHFs) accumulate in the brains of subjects affected with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and certain other neurodegenerative disorders, including corticobasal degeneration (CBD). Electron microscope studies have shown that PHFs from CBD differ from those of AD by being wider and having a longer periodicity of the helical twist. Moreover, PHFs from CBD have been shown to be primarily composed of two rather than three highly phosphorylated polypeptides of tau (PHF-tau), with these polypeptides expressing no exons 3 and 10. To further explore the relationship between the heterogeneity of PHF-tau and the appearance of abnormal filaments, the ultrastructure and physical parameters such as mass per unit length and dimensions were compared in filaments from CBD and AD using high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Filament-enriched fractions were isolated as Sarcosyl-insoluble pellets and for STEM studies, samples were freeze-dried without prior fixation or staining. Ultrastructurally, PHFs from CBD were shown to be a heterogeneous population as double- and single-stranded filaments could be identified based on their width and physical mass per unit length expressed in kilodaltons (kd) per nanometer (nm). Less abundant, double-stranded filaments had a maximal width of 29 nm and a mass per unit length of 133 kd/nm, whereas three times more abundant single-stranded filaments were 15 nm wide and bad a mass per unit length of 62 kd/nm. Double-stranded filaments also displayed a distinct axial region of less dense mass, which appeared to divide the PHFs into two protofilament-like strands. Furthermore, these filaments were frequently observed to physically separate along the long axis into two single strands or to break longitudinally. In contrast, PHFs from AD were ultrastructurally stable and uniform both in their width (22 nm) and physical mass per unit length (104 kd/nm). The ultrastructural features indicate that filaments of CBD and AD differ both in stability and packing of tau and that CBD filaments, composed of two distinct protofilaments, are more labile under STEM conditions. As fixed and stained filaments from CBD have been shown to be stable and uniform in size by conventional transmission electron microscopy, STEM studies may be particularly suitable for detecting instability of unstained and unfixed filaments. The results also suggest that molecular heterogeneity and/or post-translational modifications of tau may strongly influence the morphology and stability of abnormal filaments. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 PMID:8702002

Physical and Sedentary Activity in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maher, Carol A.; Williams, Marie T.; Olds, Tim; Lane, Alison E.

2007-01-01

Participation in regular physical activity (PA) provides health, psychological, and physiological benefits for people with and without a physical disability. This study investigated the physical and sedentary activity patterns of adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP). A cross-sectional, descriptive, postal survey was used, consisting of the…

Conducting nanowires built by controlled self-assembly of amyloid fibers and selective metal deposition.

PubMed

Scheibel, Thomas; Parthasarathy, Raghuveer; Sawicki, George; Lin, Xiao-Min; Jaeger, Heinrich; Lindquist, Susan L

2003-04-15

Recent research in the field of nanometer-scale electronics has focused on the operating principles of small-scale devices and schemes to realize useful circuits. In contrast to established "top-down" fabrication techniques, molecular self-assembly is emerging as a "bottom-up" approach for fabricating nanostructured materials. Biological macromolecules, especially proteins, provide many valuable properties, but poor physical stability and poor electrical characteristics have prevented their direct use in electrical circuits. Here we describe the use of self-assembling amyloid protein fibers to construct nanowire elements. Self-assembly of a prion determinant from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the N-terminal and middle region (NM) of Sup35p, produced 10-nm-wide protein fibers that were stable under a wide variety of harsh physical conditions. Their lengths could be roughly controlled by assembly conditions in the range of 60 nm to several hundred micrometers. A genetically modified NM variant that presents reactive, surface-accessible cysteine residues was used to covalently link NM fibers to colloidal gold particles. These fibers were placed across gold electrodes, and additional metal was deposited by highly specific chemical enhancement of the colloidal gold by reductive deposition of metallic silver and gold from salts. The resulting silver and gold wires were approximately 100 nm wide. These biotemplated metal wires demonstrated the conductive properties of a solid metal wire, such as low resistance and ohmic behavior. With such materials it should be possible to harness the extraordinary diversity and specificity of protein functions to nanoscale electrical circuitry.

Neuromuscular Fatigue Alters Postural Control and Sagittal Plane Hip Biomechanics in Active Females With Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

PubMed Central

Frank, Barnett S.; Gilsdorf, Christine M.; Goerger, Benjamin M.; Prentice, William E.; Padua, Darin A.

2014-01-01

Background: Females with history of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury and subsequent ligament reconstruction are at high risk for future ACL injury. Fatigue may influence the increased risk of future injury in females by altering lower extremity biomechanics and postural control. Hypothesis: Fatigue will promote lower extremity biomechanics and postural control deficits associated with ACL injury. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Fourteen physically active females with ACL reconstruction (mean age, 19.64 ± 1.5 years; mean height, 163.52 ± 6.18 cm; mean mass, 62.6 ± 13.97 kg) volunteered for this study. Postural control and lower extremity biomechanics were assessed in the surgical limb during single-leg balance and jump-landing tasks before and after a fatigue protocol. Main outcome measures were 3-dimensional hip and knee joint angles at initial contact, peak angles, joint angular displacements and peak net joint moments, anterior tibial shear force, and vertical ground reaction force during the first 50% of the loading phase of the jump-landing task. During the single-leg stance task, the main outcome measure was center of pressure sway speed. Results: Initial contact hip flexion angle decreased (t = −2.82, P = 0.01; prefatigue, 40.98° ± 9.79°; postfatigue, 36.75° ± 8.61°) from pre- to postfatigue. Hip flexion displacement (t = 2.23, P = 0.04; prefatigue, 45.19° ± 14.1°; postfatigue, 47.48° ± 14.21°) and center of pressure sway speed (t = 3.95, P < 0.05; prefatigue, 5.18 ± 0.96 cm/s; postfatigue, 6.20 ± 1.72 cm/s) increased from pre- to postfatigue. There was a trending increase in hip flexion moment (t = 2.14, P = 0.05; prefatigue, 1.66 ± 0.68 Nm/kg/m; postfatigue, 1.91 ± 0.62 Nm/kg/m) from pre- to postfatigue. Conclusion: Fatigue may induce lower extremity biomechanics and postural control deficits that may be associated with ACL injury in physically active females with ACL reconstruction. Clinical Relevance: Rehabilitation and maintenance programs should incorporate activities that aim to improve muscular endurance and improve the neuromuscular system’s tolerance to fatiguing exercise in efforts to maintain stability and safe landing technique during subsequent physical activity. PMID:24982701

Ideas for Secondary School Physical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Patricia E., Ed.

This book contains descriptions of secondary school physical education programs. The programs described fall into the following categories: (1) career/leadership programs, (2) contract/individualized instruction programs, (3) elective physical education programs, (4) motivational programs, (5) outdoor/environmental programs, (6)…

14 CFR 420.59 - Launch site accident investigation plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... consequences of a launch site accident are contained and minimized; (2) Ensure data and physical evidence are...) Description of the event; (iv) Number of injuries, if any, and general description of types of injuries...

Apollo 14 rock samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carlson, I. C.

1978-01-01

Petrographic descriptions of all Apollo 14 samples larger than 1 cm in any dimension are presented. The sample description format consists of: (1) an introductory section which includes information on lunar sample location, orientation, and return containers, (2) a section on physical characteristics, which contains the sample mass, dimensions, and a brief description; (3) surface features, including zap pits, cavities, and fractures as seen in binocular view; (4) petrographic description, consisting of a binocular description and, if possible, a thin section description; and (5) a discussion of literature relevant to sample petrology is included for samples which have previously been examined by the scientific community.

Low Cost Space Experiments. Study Report

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-06

Air Force Phillips Laboratory with Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory . The goals of ALTAIR...Cs<- &l. LOW COST SPACE EXPERIMENTS STUDY REPORT 6 December 1991 19980302 059 Phillips Laboratory /SXL Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-6008 TVPTT" OTT...Report Corporate Author or Publisher: Phillips Laboratory /SXL, Kirtland AFB,NM 87117-6008 Publication Date: Dec 06, 1991 Pages: 176 Comments

Coupling Ocean Models and Satellite Derived Optical Fields to Estimate LIDAR Penetration and Detection Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

34Laser oscillations in nd-doped yttrium aluminum , yttrium gallium and gadolinium garnets ," Applied Physics Letters (10): 182. doi:10.1063/1.1753928...Aluminium Garnet ) Nd:YAG lasers, and inherent of this material is its fundamental 1064nm frequency that is frequency doubled to 532 nm to penetrate

Generalization of the Bogoliubov-Zubarev Theorem for Dynamic Pressure to the Case of Compressibility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudoi, Yu. G.

2018-01-01

We present the motivation, formulation, and modified proof of the Bogoliubov-Zubarev theorem connecting the pressure of a dynamical object with its energy within the framework of a classical description and obtain a generalization of this theorem to the case of dynamical compressibility. In both cases, we introduce the volume of the object into consideration using a singular addition to the Hamiltonian function of the physical object, which allows using the concept of the Bogoliubov quasiaverage explicitly already on a dynamical level of description. We also discuss the relation to the same result known as the Hellmann-Feynman theorem in the framework of the quantum description of a physical object.

Validating a Lifestyle Physical Activity Measure for People with Serious Mental Illness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bezyak, Jill L.; Chan, Fong; Chiu, Chung-Yi; Kaya, Cahit; Huck, Garrett

2014-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the measurement structure of the "Physical Activity Scale for Individuals With Physical Disabilities" (PASIPD) as an assessment tool of lifestyle physical activities for people with severe mental illness. Method: A quantitative descriptive research design using factor analysis was employed. A sample of 72 individuals…

27 CFR 19.153 - Statement of physical security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Statement of physical... Plants § 19.153 Statement of physical security. (a) Content. The statement of security shall include: (1) A general description of the physical security at the distilled spirits plant, including methods...

Physical Activity Behaviors, Motivation, and Self-Efficacy among College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pauline, Jeffrey S.

2013-01-01

Despite the well documented benefits of an active lifestyle, lack of physical activity is a significant health problem in college students. The purpose of this descriptive study was to attain baseline physical activity behaviors, motivation factors, and self-efficacy levels to assist with developing tailored physical activity programs and…

Harvard Project Physics Newsletter 10. The Project Physics Course, Text.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

A short description of the availability of Harvard Project Physics course components is given as is a discussion of the growth of the use of Project Physics in schools, including some enrollment data and survey results. Locations of the 1970 and 1971 Summer Institutes are listed. Adaptations of Project Physics course outside the United States are…

Capillary Condensation in 8 nm Deep Channels.

PubMed

Zhong, Junjie; Riordon, Jason; Zandavi, Seyed Hadi; Xu, Yi; Persad, Aaron H; Mostowfi, Farshid; Sinton, David

2018-02-01

Condensation on the nanoscale is essential to understand many natural and synthetic systems relevant to water, air, and energy. Despite its importance, the underlying physics of condensation initiation and propagation remain largely unknown at sub-10 nm, mainly due to the challenges of controlling and probing such small systems. Here we study the condensation of n-propane down to 8 nm confinement in a nanofluidic system, distinct from previous studies at ∼100 nm. The condensation initiates significantly earlier in the 8 nm channels, and it initiates from the entrance, in contrast to channels just 10 times larger. The condensate propagation is observed to be governed by two liquid-vapor interfaces with an interplay between film and bridging effects. We model the experimental results using classical theories and find good agreement, demonstrating that this 8 nm nonpolar fluid system can be treated as a continuum from a thermodynamic perspective, despite having only 10-20 molecular layers.

Femtosecond Visible Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of Chlorophyll f-Containing Photosystem I.

PubMed

Kaucikas, Marius; Nürnberg, Dennis; Dorlhiac, Gabriel; Rutherford, A William; van Thor, Jasper J

2017-01-24

Photosystem I (PSI) from Chroococcidiopsis thermalis PCC 7203 grown under far-red light (FRL; >725 nm) contains both chlorophyll a and a small proportion of chlorophyll f. Here, we investigated excitation energy transfer and charge separation using this FRL-grown form of PSI (FRL-PSI). We compared femtosecond transient visible absorption changes of normal, white-light (WL)-grown PSI (WL-PSI) with those of FRL-PSI using excitation at 670 nm, 700 nm, and (in the case of FRL-PSI) 740 nm. The possibility that chlorophyll f participates in energy transfer or charge separation is discussed on the basis of spectral assignments. With selective pumping of chlorophyll f at 740 nm, we observe a final ∼150 ps decay assigned to trapping by charge separation, and the amplitude of the resulting P700 +• A 1 -• charge-separated state indicates that the yield is directly comparable to that of WL-PSI. The kinetics shows a rapid 2 ps time constant for almost complete transfer to chlorophyll f if chlorophyll a is pumped with a wavelength of 670 nm or 700 nm. Although the physical role of chlorophyll f is best supported as a low-energy radiative trap, the physical location should be close to or potentially within the charge-separating pigments to allow efficient transfer for charge separation on the 150 ps timescale. Target models can be developed that include a branching in the formation of the charge separation for either WL-PSI or FRL-PSI. Copyright © 2017 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photothermal Techniques Used to Evaluate Quality in Dairy Products.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López-Romero, E.; Balderas-López, J. A.

2017-01-01

Photothermal systems were used to quantify thermal and optical properties of commercial and natural dairy products. Thermal diffusivity and light absorption coefficient were analyzed. It was found that water content easily alters thermal properties in samples of milk. In addition, all samples showed strong light absorptions at 405 nm, 980 nm and 488 nm, evidencing presence of proteins, fat and vitamins (riboflavin), respectively. Therefore, it was shown that thermo-physical properties measured in this work could be used as complementary parameters for quality evaluation of dairy products.

Reply to "Comment on `Simple improvements to classical bubble nucleation models'"

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Kyoko K.; Tanaka, Hidekazu; Angélil, Raymond; Diemand, Jürg

2016-08-01

We reply to the Comment by Schmelzer and Baidakov [Phys. Rev. E 94, 026801 (2016)]., 10.1103/PhysRevE.94.026801 They suggest that a more modern approach than the classic description by Tolman is necessary to model the surface tension of curved interfaces. Therefore we now consider the higher-order Helfrich correction, rather than the simpler first-order Tolman correction. Using a recent parametrization of the Helfrich correction provided by Wilhelmsen et al. [J. Chem. Phys. 142, 064706 (2015)], 10.1063/1.4907588, we test this description against measurements from our simulations, and find an agreement stronger than what the pure Tolman description offers. Our analyses suggest a necessary correction of order higher than the second for small bubbles with radius ≲1 nm. In addition, we respond to other minor criticism about our results.

Flexibility contra Stiffness: The Phragmoplast as a Physical Barrier for Beads But Not for Vesicles[OA

PubMed Central

Esseling-Ozdoba, Agnieszka; Kik, Richard A.; van Lammeren, André A.M.; Kleijn, J. Mieke; Emons, Anne Mie C.

2010-01-01

In plant cells, Golgi vesicles are transported to the division plane to fuse with each other, forming the cell plate, the initial membrane-bordered cell wall separating daughter cells. Vesicles, but not organelles, move through the phragmoplast, which consists of two opposing cylinders of microtubules and actin filaments, interlaced with endoplasmic reticulum membrane. To study physical aspects of this transport/inhibition process, we microinjected fluorescent synthetic 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-rac-1-glycerol (DOPG) vesicles and polystyrene beads into Tradescantia virginiana stamen hair cells. The phragmoplast was nonselective for DOPG vesicles of a size up to 150 nm in diameter but was a physical barrier for polystyrene beads having a diameter of 20 and 40 nm and also when beads were coated with the same DOPG membrane. We conclude that stiffness is a parameter for vesicle transit through the phragmoplast and discuss that cytoskeleton configurations can physically block such transit. PMID:19939943

Transient Disablement in the Physically Active With Musculoskeletal Injuries, Part I: A Descriptive Model

PubMed Central

Vela, Luzita I.; Denegar, Craig

2010-01-01

Abstract Context: Disablement theory has been characterized as the sequence of events that occurs after an injury, but little research has been conducted to establish how disablement is experienced and described by physically active persons. Objective: To describe the disablement process in physically active persons with musculoskeletal injuries. Design: Concurrent, embedded mixed-methods study. For the qualitative portion, interviews were conducted to create descriptive disablement themes. For the quantitative portion, frequencies analysis was used to identify common terminology. Setting: National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I collegiate and club sports, collegiate intramural program, large high school athletics program, and outpatient orthopaedic center. Patients or Other Participants: Thirty-one physically active volunteers (15 males, 16 females; mean age  =  21.2 years; range, 14–53 years) with a current injury (18 lower extremity injuries, 13 upper extremity injuries) participated in individual interviews. Six physically active volunteers (3 males, 3 females; mean age  =  22.2 years; range, 16–28 years) participated in the group interview to assess trustworthiness. Data Collection and Analysis: We analyzed interviews through a constant-comparison method, and data were collected until saturation occurred. Common limitations were transformed into descriptive themes and were confirmed during the group interview. Disablement descriptors were identified with frequencies and fit to the themes. Results: A total of 15 overall descriptive themes emerged within the 4 disablement components, and descriptive terms were identified for each theme. Impairments were marked by 4 complaints: pain, decreased motion, decreased muscle function, and instability. Functional limitations were denoted by problems with skill performance, daily actions, maintaining positions, fitness, and changing directions. Disability consisted of problems with participation in desired activities. Lastly, problems in quality of life encompassed uncertainty and fear, stress and pressure, mood and frustration, overall energy, and altered relationships. A preliminary generic outcomes instrument was generated from the findings. Conclusions: Our results will help clinicians understand how disablement is described by the physically active. The findings also have implications for how disablement outcomes are measured. PMID:21062186

Fabrication of nanoscale patterns in lithium fluoride crystal using a 13.5 nm Schwarzschild objective and a laser produced plasma source.

PubMed

Wang, Xin; Mu, Baozhong; Jiang, Li; Zhu, Jingtao; Yi, Shengzhen; Wang, Zhanshan; He, Pengfei

2011-12-01

Lithium fluoride (LiF) crystal is a radiation sensitive material widely used as EUV and soft x-ray detector. The LiF-based detector has high resolution, in principle limited by the point defect size, large field of view, and wide dynamic range. Using LiF crystal as an imaging detector, a resolution of 900 nm was achieved by a projection imaging of test meshes with a Schwarzschild objective operating at 13.5 nm. In addition, by imaging of a pinhole illuminated by the plasma, an EUV spot of 1.5 μm diameter in the image plane of the objective was generated, which accomplished direct writing of color centers with resolution of 800 nm. In order to avoid sample damage and contamination due to the influence of huge debris flux produced by the plasma source, a spherical normal-incidence condenser was used to collect EUV radiation. Together with a description of experimental results, the development of the Schwarzschild objective, the influence of condenser on energy density and the alignment of the imaging system are also reported.

SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) Mission Operations and Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kohl, John L.; Gurman, Joseph (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

The scientific goal of UVCS is to obtain detailed empirical descriptions of the extended solar corona as it evolves over the solar cycle and to use these descriptions to identify and understand the physical processes responsible for coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the phenomena that establish the plasma properties of the solar wind as measured by 'in situ' solar wind instruments. This report covers the period from 01 February 2002 to 15 February 2003. During that time, UVCS observations have consisted of three types: 1) standard synoptic observations comprising, primarily, the H I Ly alpha line profile and the O VI 103.2 and 103.7 nm intensity over a range of heights from 1.5 to about 3.0 solar radii and covering 360 degrees about the sun, 2) sit and stare watches for CMEs, and 3) special observations designed by the UVCS Lead Observer of the Week for a specific scientific purpose. The special observations are often coordinated with those of other space-based and ground-based instruments and they often are part of SOHO joint observation programs and campaigns. Lead observers have included UVCS Co-Investigators, scientists from the solar physics community and several graduate and undergraduate level students. UVCS has continued to achieve its purpose of using powerful spectroscopic diagnostic techniques to obtain a much more detailed description of coronal structures and dynamic phenomena than existed before the SOHO mission. The new descriptions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal structures from UVCS have inspired a large number of theoretical studies aimed at identifying the physical processes responsible for CMEs and solar wind acceleration in coronal holes and streamers. UVCS has proven to be a very stable instrument. Stellar observations have demonstrated its stability. UVCS has required no flight software modifications and all mechanisms are operational. The UVCS O VI Channel with its redundant optical path for wavelengths near H I Ly alpha is capable of observing the entire UVCS wavelength range. Since December 1998, the O VI Channel has been used for all UVCS observations. Although the H I Ly alpha Channel and detector are still operational, increases in the dark count up to about 5 x 10(exp -4) counts/sec/pixel and an increase in high voltage current to within a factor of two of the maximum used in the laboratory before flight led to the decision to not use that detector at the present time. There is no significant decrease in the scientific capability of UVCS owing to the O VI channel redundant optical path. UVCS data, data analysis software, calibration files and the mission log are available from the SOHO archive and SAO. All UVCS data is now available to scientists and the general public via the SOHO Data Archive and SAO within three months of the observations. UVCS has resulted in 46 scientific papers in 2002. There were numerous presentations at scientific meetings. All requests for observation time by qualified outside users have been granted.

Integrated Device for Circulating Tumor Cell Capture, Characterization, and Lens-Free Microscopy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

prototype consists of an Excelsior-532-200- CDRH laser (wavelength = 532 nm) as the light source, a simple Thorlabs Fig. 2.  (a) Wide FOV image of a...demonstration, as shown in Fig. 1(a), used a laser (Excelsior-532-200- CDRH , Spectra Physics, with wavelength of 532 nm and power of 200 mW) as light

Synthesis and electroluminescence property of new hexaphenylbenzene derivatives including amine group for blue emitters

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Three new blue-emitting compounds of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA for organic light-emitting diode (OLED) based on hexaphenylbenzene moiety were demonstrated. Physical properties by the change of the substitution groups of the synthesized materials were systematically examined. Photoluminescence spectrum of the synthesized materials showed maximum emitting wavelengths of about 400 to 447 nm in solution state and 451 to 461 nm in film state, indicating deep blue emission color. OLED devices were fabricated by the synthesized compounds using vacuum deposit process as an emitting layer. The device structure was ITO/2-TNATA 60 nm/ NPB 15 nm/ EML 35 nm/ TPBi 20 nm/ LiF 1 nm/ Al 200 nm. External quantum efficiencies and CIE values of 5P-VA, 5P-VTPA, and 5P-DVTPA were 1.89%, 3.59%, 3.34%, and (0.154, 0.196), (0.150, 0.076), (0.148, 0.120), respectively. 5P-VTPA and 5P-DVTPA exhibited superior highly blue quality and thermal property such as high Td of 448°C and 449°C. PMID:24134333

Range pattern matching with layer operations and continuous refinements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tseng, I.-Lun; Lee, Zhao Chuan; Li, Yongfu; Perez, Valerio; Tripathi, Vikas; Ong, Jonathan Yoong Seang

2018-03-01

At advanced and mainstream process nodes (e.g., 7nm, 14nm, 22nm, and 55nm process nodes), lithography hotspots can exist in layouts of integrated circuits even if the layouts pass design rule checking (DRC). Existence of lithography hotspots in a layout can cause manufacturability issues, which can result in yield losses of manufactured integrated circuits. In order to detect lithography hotspots existing in physical layouts, pattern matching (PM) algorithms and commercial PM tools have been developed. However, there are still needs to use DRC tools to perform PM operations. In this paper, we propose a PM synthesis methodology, which uses a continuous refinement technique, for the automatic synthesis of a given lithography hotspot pattern into a DRC deck, which consists of layer operation commands, so that an equivalent PM operation can be performed by executing the synthesized deck with the use of a DRC tool. Note that the proposed methodology can deal with not only exact patterns, but also range patterns. Also, lithography hotspot patterns containing multiple layers can be processed. Experimental results show that the proposed methodology can accurately and efficiently detect lithography hotspots in physical layouts.

Physical chemistry of Nanogap-Enhanced Raman Scattering (NERS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suh, Yung Doug; Kim, Hyun Woo

2017-08-01

Plasmonically coupled electromagnetic field localization has generated a variety of new concepts and applications, and this has been one of the hottest topics in nanoscience, materials science, chemistry, physics and engineering and increasingly more important over the last decade. In particular, plasmonically coupled nanostructures with ultra-small gap ( 1-nm or smaller) gap have been of special interest due to their ultra-strong optical properties that can be useful for a variety of signal enhancements such surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and nanoantenna. These promising nanostructures with extraordinarily strong optical signal, however, have rendered a limited success in widespread use and commercialization largely due to the lack of designing principles, high-yield synthetic strategies with nm-level structural controllability and reproducibility and lack of systematic single-molecule and single-particle level studies. All these are extremely important challenges because even small changes ( 1 nm) of the coupled nanogap structures can significant affect plasmon mode and signal intensity and therefore structural and signal reproducibility and controllability can be in question. The plasmonic nanogap-enhanced Raman scattering (NERS) is defined as the plasmonic nanogap-based Raman signal enhancement within plasmonic nanogap particles with 1 nm gap and a Raman dye positioned inside the gap.

Optimum deposition conditions of ultrasmooth silver nanolayers

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Reduction of surface plasmon-polariton losses due to their scattering on metal surface roughness still remains a challenge in the fabrication of plasmonic devices for nanooptics. To achieve smooth silver films, we study the dependence of surface roughness on the evaporation temperature in a physical vapor deposition process. At the deposition temperature range 90 to 500 K, the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients of Ag, Ge wetting layer, and sapphire substrate does not deteriorate the metal surface. To avoid ice crystal formation on substrates, the working temperature of the whole physical vapor deposition process should exceed that of the sublimation at the evaporation pressure range. At optimum room temperature, the root-mean-square (RMS) surface roughness was successfully reduced to 0.2 nm for a 10-nm Ag layer on sapphire substrate with a 1-nm germanium wetting interlayer. Silver layers of 10- and 30-nm thickness were examined using an atomic force microscope (AFM), X-ray reflectometry (XRR), and two-dimensional X-ray diffraction (XRD2). PACS 63.22.Np Layered systems; 68. Surfaces and interfaces; thin films and nanosystems (structure and nonelectronic properties); 81.07.-b Nanoscale materials and structures: fabrication and characterization PMID:24685115

Energy and the Confused Student I: Work

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jewett, John W., Jr.

2008-01-01

Energy is a critical concept that is used in analyzing physical phenomena and is often an essential starting point in physics problem-solving. It is a global concept that appears throughout the physics curriculum in mechanics, thermodynamics, electromagnetism, and modern physics. Energy is also at the heart of descriptions of processes in biology,…

Promoting Physical and Mental Health among College Students: A Needs Assessment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bezyak, Jill; Clark, Alena

2016-01-01

Purpose: To conduct an initial needs assessment of physical and mental health behavior among college students to improve understanding of physical and mental health needs among future helping professionals. Method: A sample of 24 undergraduate students was used to provide a description of mental health, physical activity, and healthy eating…

"Quod Erat Demonstrandum": Understanding and Explaining Equations in Physics Teacher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karam, Ricardo; Krey, Olaf

2015-01-01

In physics education, equations are commonly seen as calculation tools to solve problems or as concise descriptions of experimental regularities. In physical science, however, equations often play a much more important role associated with the formulation of theories to provide explanations for physical phenomena. In order to overcome this…

Physical vapor deposition of one-dimensional nanoparticle arrays on graphite: seeding the electrodeposition of gold nanowires.

PubMed

Cross, C E; Hemminger, J C; Penner, R M

2007-09-25

One-dimensional (1D) ensembles of 2-15 nm diameter gold nanoparticles were prepared using physical vapor deposition (PVD) on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) basal plane surfaces. These 1D Au nanoparticle ensembles (NPEs) were prepared by depositing gold (0.2-0.6 nm/s) at an equivalent thickness of 3-4 nm onto HOPG surfaces at 670-690 K. Under these conditions, vapor-deposited gold nucleated selectively at the linear step edge defects present on these HOPG surfaces with virtually no nucleation of gold particles on terraces. The number density of 2-15 nm diameter gold particles at step edges was 30-40 microm-1. These 1D NPEs were up to a millimeter in length and organized into parallel arrays on the HOPG surface, following the organization of step edges. Surprisingly, the deposition of more gold by PVD did not lead to the formation of continuous gold nanowires at step edges under the range of sample temperature or deposition flux we have investigated. Instead, these 1D Au NPEs were used as nucleation templates for the preparation by electrodeposition of gold nanowires. The electrodeposition of gold occurred selectively on PVD gold nanoparticles over the potential range from 700-640 mV vs SCE, and after optimization of the electrodeposition parameters continuous gold nanowires as small as 80-90 nm in diameter and several micrometers in length were obtained.

Validating Future Force Performance Measures (Army Class): Concluding Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

32 Table 3.10. Descriptive Statistics and Intercorrelations for LV Final Predictor Factor Scores...55 Table 4.7. Descriptive Statistics for Analysis Criteria...Soldier attrition and performance: Dependability (Non- Delinquency ), Adjustment, Physical Conditioning, Leadership, Work Orientation, and Agreeableness

Antarctic Meteorite Newsletter, volume 7, number 2: Sample requests and allocations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

A listing of meteorites found in Antarctica is provided, along with a description of some of the less common types. Petrographic and physical descriptions, weight data, and locations of the less common meteorites are given.

Examination of ethical dilemmas experienced by adult intensive care unit nurses in physical restraint practices.

PubMed

Yönt, Gülendam Hakverdioğlu; Korhan, Esra Akin; Dizer, Berna; Gümüş, Fatma; Koyuncu, Rukiye

2014-01-01

Nurses are more likely to face the dilemma of whether to resort to physical restraints or not and have a hard time making that decision. This is a descriptive study. A total of 55 nurses participated in the research. For data collection, a question form developed by researchers to determine perceptions of ethical dilemmas by nurses in the application of physical restraint was used. A descriptive analysis was made by calculating the mean, standard deviation, and maximum and minimum values. The nurses expressed (36.4%) having difficulty in deciding to use physical restraint. Nurses reported that they experience ethical dilemmas mainly in relation to the ethic principles of nonmaleficence, beneficence, and convenience. We have concluded that majority of nurses working in critical care units apply physical restraint to patients, although they are facing ethical dilemmas concerning harm and benefit principles during the application.

Self-perceived assessment skill of prospective physics teachers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Efendi, R.; Rustaman, N. Y.; Kaniawati, I.

2018-05-01

Assessment skills are an important component of assessment practice, without adequate assessment skills it is unlikely that teacher assessment practices will produce desired student learning outcomes. This study was conducted to reveal self-perceived assessment skills of prospective physics teachers by using quantitative descriptive analysis, and involving 92 prospective physics teachers who were experiencing teaching practice in junior high school and final project related to assessment. Data was collected by using Self-Perceived Assessment Science Skills Questionnaire consisted of 29 items related seven assessment competencies was developed and used in the study. Internal consistency reliability coefficient for the total scale scores was 0.87 as measured by Cronbach’s alpha. Determination of self-perceived assessment science skills detected from prospective physics teachers was carried out in descriptive statistics, in the form of respondent average values. Research findings show that self-perceived assessment skills of prospective physics teachers was categorized as transition.

SPORTS PHYSICAL THERAPY CURRICULA IN PHYSICAL THERAPIST PROFESSIONAL DEGREE PROGRAMS.

PubMed

Mulligan, Edward P; DeVahl, Julie

2017-10-01

The specialty niche of sports physical therapy has grown at a significant rate over the past 40 years. Despite this growth there is little information or direction from the physical therapy education accreditation body or professional association to guide academic programs on the interest or necessity of this type of practice content in physical therapy professional degree programs. The purpose of this survey study is to report on the prevalence, attitudes, barriers, resources, and faculty expertise in providing required or elective sports physical therapy course work. Cross-sectional descriptive survey. A 57-item questionnaire with branching logic was distributed via a web-based electronic data capture tool to survey all Commission on Accreditation for Physical Therapy Education (CAPTE) accredited and candidate schools in the United States. Response data was analyzed to describe typical educational program profiles, faculty demographics, and correlational factors consistent with the presence or absence of specific sports physical therapy curricular content. Thirty one percent of the schools responded to the survey and the program demographics were consistent with all currently accredited schools in regards to their geography, Carnegie classification, and faculty and student size. Forty three percent of programs offered a required or elective course distinct to the practice of sports physical therapy. Descriptive information regarding the sequencing, curricular make-up, resources, and assessment of content competence is reported. The odds of providing this content nearly doubles for programs that have faculty with sports clinical specialist credentials, accredited sports residency curriculums, or state practice acts that allow sports venue coverage. This survey provides an initial overview of sports physical therapy educational efforts in professional physical therapy degree programs. The data can used to spur further discussion on the necessity, structure, and implementation of education content that is inherent to a growing specialty practice in the physical therapy profession. 4, Cross-sectional descriptive survey design.

Uncertainty propagation using the Monte Carlo method in the measurement of airborne particle size distribution with a scanning mobility particle sizer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coquelin, L.; Le Brusquet, L.; Fischer, N.; Gensdarmes, F.; Motzkus, C.; Mace, T.; Fleury, G.

2018-05-01

A scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) is a high resolution nanoparticle sizing system that is widely used as the standard method to measure airborne particle size distributions (PSD) in the size range 1 nm–1 μm. This paper addresses the problem to assess the uncertainty associated with PSD when a differential mobility analyzer (DMA) operates under scanning mode. The sources of uncertainty are described and then modeled either through experiments or knowledge extracted from the literature. Special care is brought to model the physics and to account for competing theories. Indeed, it appears that the modeling errors resulting from approximations of the physics can largely affect the final estimate of this indirect measurement, especially for quantities that are not measured during day-to-day experiments. The Monte Carlo method is used to compute the uncertainty associated with PSD. The method is tested against real data sets that are monosize polystyrene latex spheres (PSL) with nominal diameters of 100 nm, 200 nm and 450 nm. The median diameters and associated standard uncertainty of the aerosol particles are estimated as 101.22 nm  ±  0.18 nm, 204.39 nm  ±  1.71 nm and 443.87 nm  ±  1.52 nm with the new approach. Other statistical parameters, such as the mean diameter, the mode and the geometric mean and associated standard uncertainty, are also computed. These results are then compared with the results obtained by SMPS embedded software.

Physical Education and Health: Global Perspectives and Best Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chin, Ming-Kai, Ed.; Edginton, Christopher R.

2014-01-01

"Physical Education and Health: Global Perspectives and Best Practice" draws together global scholars, researchers, and practitioners to provide a review and analysis of new directions in physical education and health worldwide. The book provides descriptive information from 40 countries regarding contemporary practices, models, and…

Stressful incidents of physical violence against emergency nurses.

PubMed

Gillespie, Gordon Lee; Gates, Donna M; Berry, Peggy

2013-01-31

Physical violence against nurses has become an endemic problem affecting nurses in all settings. The purpose of this study was to describe acts of physical violence against emergency nurses perceived as stressful using a qualitative descriptive design with a national sample of emergency nurses. The guiding conceptual model for the study was the Ecological Occupational Health Model of Workplace Assault. Narrative accounts of physical violence were analyzed using a constant comparative analysis method. Key findings included risks related to employee, workplace, and aggressor factors, and descriptions of physical violence. Discussion of the study findings suggests that efforts to prevent violence and promote workplace safety need to focus on designing work environments that allow for the quick egress of employees, establishing and consistently enforcing policies aimed at violence prevention, and maintaining positive working relationships with security officers. While patients with mental health or substance use complaints are deemed most likely to commit physical violence, they are not the only patients to become violent. Risk reduction efforts should target all patients and visitors.

Comparison and characterization of efficient frequency doubling at 397.5 nm with PPKTP, LBO and BiBO crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Xin; Han, Yashuai; Wang, Junmin

2016-04-01

A continuous-wave Ti:sapphire laser at 795 nm is frequency doubled in a bow-tie type enhancement four-mirror ring cavity with LiB3O5 (LBO), BiB3O6 (BiBO), and periodically polled KTiOPO4 (PPKTP) crystals, respectively. The properties of 397.5 nm ultra-violet (UV) output power, beam quality, stability for these different nonlinear crystals are investigated and compared. For PPKTP crystal, the highest doubling efficiency of 58.1% is achieved from 191 mW of 795 nm mode-matched fundamental power to 111 mW of 397.5 nm UV output. For LBO crystal, with 1.34 W of mode-matched 795 nm power, 770 mW of 397.5 nm UV output is achieved, implying a doubling efficiency of 57.4%. For BiBO crystal, with 323 mW of mode-matched 795 nm power, 116 mW of 397.5 nm UV output is achieved, leading to a doubling efficiency of 35.9%. The generated UV radiation has potential applications in the fields of quantum physics.

Influence of quantum effects on the parameters of a cold cathode with carbon nanotubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glukhova, O. E.; Kolesnikova, A. S.; Slepchenkov, M. M.

2016-01-01

We consider the effect of an external electric field on the parameters of a cold cathode on carbon nanotubes using the quantum-mechanical approach to the description of the interaction of the field with the atomic structure of nanoemitters. It is established for the first time that an increase in the length of the emitting edge of the tube in a field of 10-11 V/nm increases the field emission current of electrons by 3-10%. It is found that in a field of 11 V/nm and higher, atoms of the upper edge of a carbon nanotube are detached with the subsequent destruction of the atomic core.

Sputtering growth of Y3Fe5O12/Pt bilayers and spin transfer at Y3Fe5O12/Pt interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chang, Houchen; Liu, Tao; Reifsnyder Hickey, Danielle; Janantha, P. A. Praveen; Mkhoyan, K. Andre; Wu, Mingzhong

2017-12-01

For the majority of previous work on Y3Fe5O12 (YIG)/normal metal (NM) bi-layered structures, the YIG layers were grown on Gd3Ga5O12 first and were then capped by an NM layer. This work demonstrates the sputtering growth of a Pt/YIG structure where the Pt layer was grown first and the YIG layer was then deposited on the top. The YIG layer shows well-oriented (111) texture, a surface roughness of 0.15 nm, and an effective Gilbert damping constant less than 4.7 × 10-4, and the YIG/Pt interface allows for efficient spin transfers. This demonstration indicates the feasibility of fabricating high-quality NM/YIG/NM tri-layered structures for new physics studies.

Application of a high-density gas laser target to the physics of x-ray lasers and coronal plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pronko, J.G.; Kohler, D.

1996-05-31

An experiment has been proposed to investigate a photopumped x-ray laser approach using a novel, high-density, laser heated supersonic gas jet plasma to prepare the lasant plasma. The scheme uses the He- like sodium 1.10027 nm line to pump the He-like neon 1s-4p transition at 1.10003 nm with the lasing transitions between the n=4 to n=2,3 states and the n=3 to n=2 state at 5.8 nm, 23.0 nm, and 8.2 nm, respectively. The experiment had been proposed in 1990 and funding began Jan. 1991; however circumstances made it impossible to pursue the research over the past 5 years, and itmore » was decided not to pursue the research any further.« less

Mutation Testing for Effective Verification of Digital Components of Physical Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kushik, N. G.; Evtushenko, N. V.; Torgaev, S. N.

2015-12-01

Digital components of modern physical systems are often designed applying circuitry solutions based on the field programmable gate array technology (FPGA). Such (embedded) digital components should be carefully tested. In this paper, an approach for the verification of digital physical system components based on mutation testing is proposed. The reference description of the behavior of a digital component in the hardware description language (HDL) is mutated by introducing into it the most probable errors and, unlike mutants in high-level programming languages, the corresponding test case is effectively derived based on a comparison of special scalable representations of the specification and the constructed mutant using various logic synthesis and verification systems.

Does physics instruction foster university students' cognitive processes?: A descriptive study of teacher activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferguson-Hessler, Monica G. M.; de Jong, Ton

This study aims at giving a systematic description of the cognitive activities involved in teaching physics. Such a description of instruction in physics requires a basis in two models, that is, the cognitive activities involved in learning physics and the knowledge base that is the foundation of expertise in that subject. These models have been provided by earlier research. The model of instruction distinguishes three main categories of instruction process: presenting new information, integrating (i.e., bringing structure into) new knowledge, and connecting elements of new knowledge to prior knowledge. Each of the main categories has been divided into a number of specific instruction processes. Hereby any limited and specific cognitive teacher activity can be described along the two dimensions of process and type of knowledge. The model was validated by application to lectures and problem-solving classes of first year university courses. These were recorded and analyzed as to instruction process and type of knowledge. Results indicate that teachers are indeed involved in the various types of instruction processes defined. The importance of this study lies in the creation of a terminology that makes it possible to discuss instruction in an explicit and specific way.

An investigation on physical properties of SiOx nanowires deposited by chemical vapor deposition method: The effect of substrate to boat distance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heidaryan, Narges; Eshghi, Hosein

2017-09-01

Large-scale silicon oxide nanowires (SiOx NWs) with a diameter about 250 nm on silicon wafers were synthesized by thermal evaporation of silicon monoxide (SiO) powder. In order to investigate the role of distance on the physical properties of SiOx NWs, Si substrates were positioned at 5 cm and 10 cm apart from the boat position set at 1150∘C. The local temperatues of the samples were 1100∘C and 1050∘C, respectively. The SEM images and EDS spectra showed interweaved networks of SiOx NWs with x = 0.62 and 0.65 in these layers. The XRD patterns showed S1 has a polycrystalline structure (cristobalite), while S2 has amorphous nature. The PL spectra showed an intense blue peak at 468 nm in S1, and a violet peak at 427 nm in S2 that could be related to the differences in the crystallite structures and oxygen vacancies in these samples.

High School Physical Education Teachers' Beliefs about Teaching Students with Mild to Severe Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casebolt, Kevin M.; Hodge, Samuel R.

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze high school physical education teachers' beliefs about teaching students with disabilities in inclusive physical education. The participants (3 men, 2 women) were certified physical education teachers at four suburban high schools. The research method was descriptive-qualitative using a case study approach…

Development of a Secondary School Physics Program: Harvard Project Physics. Volume 1, Text and Appendices. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holton, Gerald; And Others

Detailed descriptions about Project Physics are presented in this report covering the period from July 1, 1964 - August 15, 1970. The objectives of designing a humanistically-oriented course, attracting more senior-high students, and contributing to the advancement of knowledge of the factors influencing physics learning are discussed with a…

Descriptive Survey of Grant Funded Physical Education Teachers' Knowledge, Skills, and Dispositions in Adapted Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, James Patrick, Jr.

2017-01-01

This study examined physical education teachers' perceptions of their knowledge, skills, and dispositions, who received federal funding and training from the Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) in Adapted Physical Education (APE). The OSEP offers grant opportunities to institutions of higher education, non-profits, and other educational…

77 FR 43045 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... Physical Activity Assessment Information. OMB Control Number: 0584-0535. Summary of Collection: The U.S... diet and physical activity choices. Users voluntarily go to the ChooseMyPlate.gov Web site to submit... individual food intake and physical activity status. Description of Respondents: Individual or households...

Educating Primary Teachers to Teach Physical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsangaridou, Niki

2012-01-01

Research evidence suggests that, worldwide, physical education in early years is mainly taught by primary teachers (Graber et al., 2008; Hunter, 2006; Kirk, 2005). Descriptions of primary teachers' experiences of teaching physical education are particularly essential as an avenue for developing better-quality teacher training for teaching primary…

Blade Testing Trends (Presentation)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Desmond, M.

2014-08-01

As an invited guest speaker, Michael Desmond presented on NREL's NWTC structural testing methods and capabilities at the 2014 Sandia Blade Workshop held on August 26-28, 2014 in Albuquerque, NM. Although dynamometer and field testing capabilities were mentioned, the presentation focused primarily on wind turbine blade testing, including descriptions and capabilities for accredited certification testing, historical methodology and technology deployment, and current research and development activities.

Dynamic laser speckle for non-destructive quality evaluation of bread

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stoykova, E.; Ivanov, B.; Shopova, M.; Lyubenova, T.; Panchev, I.; Sainov, V.

2010-10-01

Coherent illumination of a diffuse object yields a randomly varying interference pattern, which changes over time at any modification of the object. This phenomenon can be used for detection and visualization of physical or biological activity in various objects (e.g. fruits, seeds, coatings) through statistical description of laser speckle dynamics. The present report aims at non-destructive full-field evaluation of bread by spatial-temporal characterization of laser speckle. The main purpose of the conducted experiments was to prove the ability of the dynamic speckle method to indicate activity within the studied bread samples. In the set-up for acquisition and storage of dynamic speckle patterns an expanded beam from a DPSS laser (532 nm and 100mW) illuminated the sample through a ground glass diffuser. A CCD camera, adjusted to focus the sample, recorded regularly a sequence of images (8 bits and 780 x 582 squared pixels, sized 8.1 × 8.1 μm) at sampling frequency 0.25 Hz. A temporal structure function was calculated to evaluate activity of the bread samples in time using the full images in the sequence. In total, 7 samples of two types of bread were monitored during a chemical and physical process of bread's staling. Segmentation of images into matrixes of isometric fragments was also utilized. The results proved the potential of dynamic speckle as effective means for monitoring the process of bread staling and ability of this approach to differentiate between different types of bread.

Cyber-Physical Human Systems: Putting People in the Loop.

PubMed

Sowe, Sulayman K; Zettsu, Koji; Simmon, Eric; de Vaulx, Frederic; Bojanova, Irena

2016-01-01

This article outlines the challenge to understand how to integrate people into a new generation of cyber-physical-human systems (CPHSs) and proposes a human service capability description model to help.

40 CFR 440.10 - Applicability; description of the iron ore subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or its mode of occurrence; (b) mills beneficiating iron ores by physical (magnetic and nonmagnetic) and/or chemical separation; and (c) mills beneficiating iron ores by magnetic and physical separation...

40 CFR 440.10 - Applicability; description of the iron ore subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or its mode of occurrence; (b) mills beneficiating iron ores by physical (magnetic and nonmagnetic) and/or chemical separation; and (c) mills beneficiating iron ores by magnetic and physical separation...

The profile of students’ problem-solving skill in physics across interest program in the secondary school

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jua, S. K.; Sarwanto; Sukarmin

2018-05-01

Problem-solving skills are important skills in physics. However, according to some researchers, the problem-solving skill of Indonesian students’ problem in physics learning is categorized still low. The purpose of this study was to identify the profile of problem-solving skills of students who follow the across the interests program of physics. The subjects of the study were high school students of Social Sciences, grade X. The type of this research was descriptive research. The data which used to analyze the problem-solving skills were obtained through student questionnaires and the test results with impulse materials and collision. From the descriptive analysis results, the percentage of students’ problem-solving skill based on the test was 52.93% and indicators respectively. These results indicated that students’ problem-solving skill is categorized low.

Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations Between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

PubMed

Carroll, Suzanne J; Niyonsenga, Theo; Coffee, Neil T; Taylor, Anne W; Daniel, Mark

2017-08-23

Associations between local-area residential features and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA 1c ) may be mediated by individual-level health behaviors. Such indirect effects have rarely been tested. This study assessed whether individual-level self-reported physical activity mediated the influence of local-area descriptive norms and objectively expressed walkability on 10-year change in HbA 1c . HbA 1c was assessed three times for adults in a 10-year population-based biomedical cohort ( n = 4056). Local-area norms specific to each participant were calculated, aggregating responses from a separate statewide surveillance survey for 1600 m road-network buffers centered on participant addresses (local prevalence of overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m²) and physical inactivity (<150 min/week)). Separate latent growth models estimated direct and indirect (through physical activity) effects of local-area exposures on change in HbA 1c , accounting for spatial clustering and covariates (individual-level age, sex, smoking status, marital status, employment and education, and area-level median household income). HbA 1c worsened over time. Local-area norms directly and indirectly predicted worsening HbA 1c trajectories. Walkability was directly and indirectly protective of worsening HbA 1c . Local-area descriptive norms and walkability influence cardiometabolic risk trajectory through individual-level physical activity. Efforts to reduce population cardiometabolic risk should consider the extent of local-area unhealthful behavioral norms and walkability in tailoring strategies to improve physical activity.

Does Physical Activity Mediate the Associations between Local-Area Descriptive Norms, Built Environment Walkability, and Glycosylated Hemoglobin?

PubMed Central

Daniel, Mark

2017-01-01

Associations between local-area residential features and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) may be mediated by individual-level health behaviors. Such indirect effects have rarely been tested. This study assessed whether individual-level self-reported physical activity mediated the influence of local-area descriptive norms and objectively expressed walkability on 10-year change in HbA1c. HbA1c was assessed three times for adults in a 10-year population-based biomedical cohort (n = 4056). Local-area norms specific to each participant were calculated, aggregating responses from a separate statewide surveillance survey for 1600 m road-network buffers centered on participant addresses (local prevalence of overweight/obesity (body mass index ≥25 kg/m2) and physical inactivity (<150 min/week)). Separate latent growth models estimated direct and indirect (through physical activity) effects of local-area exposures on change in HbA1c, accounting for spatial clustering and covariates (individual-level age, sex, smoking status, marital status, employment and education, and area-level median household income). HbA1c worsened over time. Local-area norms directly and indirectly predicted worsening HbA1c trajectories. Walkability was directly and indirectly protective of worsening HbA1c. Local-area descriptive norms and walkability influence cardiometabolic risk trajectory through individual-level physical activity. Efforts to reduce population cardiometabolic risk should consider the extent of local-area unhealthful behavioral norms and walkability in tailoring strategies to improve physical activity. PMID:28832552

Evaluation of the Combined Application of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation and Volitional Contractions on Thigh Muscle Strength, Knee Pain and Physical Performance in Women at Risk for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Rabe, Kaitlin G; Matsuse, Hiroo; Jackson, Anthony; Segal, Neil A

2018-05-28

Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a leading cause of disability that is associated with quadriceps weakness. However, strengthening in people with or with risk factors for knee OA can be poorly tolerated. To assess the efficacy of a twelve-week low-load exercise program, using a hybrid training system (HTS) that utilizes the combination of neuromuscular electrical stimulation and volitional contractions, for improving thigh muscle strength, knee pain and physical performance in women with or with risk factors for knee OA. Randomized, single-blind, controlled trial SETTING: Exercise training laboratory PARTICIPANTS: Forty-two women, age 44-85 years, with risk factors for knee OA INTERVENTIONS: Participants randomized to 12 weeks of biweekly low-load resistance training either with HTS or on an isokinetic dynamometer (control). Maximum isokinetic knee extensor torque. Secondary measures included: maximum isokinetic knee flexor torque, knee pain (KOOS), and timed 20-meter walk and chair-stand tests. HTS and control both resulted in muscle strengthening, reduced knee pain and improved physical performance. HTS group quadriceps and hamstring strength increased by 0.06±0.04 Nm/kg (p>.05) and 0.05±0.02 Nm/kg (p=.02), respectively. Control group quadriceps and hamstring strength increased by 0.03±0.04 Nm/kg (p>.05) and 0.06±0.02 Nm/kg (p=.009), respectively. Knee pain improved by 11.9±11.5 points (p<.001) for the HTS group and 14.1±15.4 points (p=.001) for the control group. 20-meter walk time decreased by 1.60±2.04 seconds (p=.005) and 0.95±1.2 seconds (p=.004), and chair stand time decreased by 4.8±10.0 seconds (p>.05) and 1.9±4.7 seconds (p>.05) in the HTS and control groups, respectively. These results did not differ statistically between HTS and control groups. These results suggest HTS is effective for improving pain and physical performance in women with risk factors for knee OA. However, HTS does not appear to be superior to low-load resistance training for improving muscle strength, pain or physical function. Copyright © 2018 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Seasonality in Children's Pedometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beighle, Aaron; Alderman, Brandon; Morgan, Charles F.; Le Masurier, Guy

2008-01-01

Seasonality appears to have an impact on children's physical activity levels, but equivocal findings demand more study in this area. With the increased use of pedometers in both research and practice, collecting descriptive data in various seasons to examine the impact of seasonality on pedometer-measured physical activity among children is…

Generating Physics Content for the Designers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bishop, Mary Jean; Bross, Thomas R.; Nelson, James H.

2001-01-01

Each designer contributing to this special issue was asked to prepare an introductory lesson on the physics of motion aimed at eighth to eleventh graders. This article presents a brief description of how a detailed physics content was researched, edited, and refined by subject-matter experts, and then ultimately presented to the instructional…

Self-Paced Physics, Course Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York Inst. of Tech., Old Westbury.

Samples of the Self-Paced Physics Course materials are presented in this collection for dissemination purposes. Descriptions are included of course objectives, characteristics, structures, and content. As a two-semester course of study for science and engineering sophomores, most topics are on a level comparable to that of classical physics by…

Gender Differences in Game Behaviour in Invasion Games

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutierrez, David; Garcia-Lopez, Luis M.

2012-01-01

Background: Previous research has revealed the existence of gender differences in physical education. Most descriptive studies show that boys are more physically active than girls, have greater self-perception of enjoyment and competence in physical education, attach more importance to sports and participation in them and demonstrate higher game…

Promoting Physical Activity through Student Life and Academics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDaniel, Tyler; Melton, Bridget F.; Langdon, Jody

2014-01-01

Objective: A physical activity passport (PAP) was developed to increase student's physical activity through the collaboration of student life and academics. The purpose was to measure the effectiveness of the PAP. Design: The research design used was a quantitative, descriptive, quasi-experimental design with experimental and control groups.…

Nursing 450: The History and Physical.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whalley, Lynn

A description is provided of a third-year registered nursing course entitled "The History and Physical," designed to help the student acquire knowledge and skills in the areas of taking the history of an individual and physical assessment. The opening sections present information on course prerequisites, grading procedures, and meeting times;…

The face of AIDS: Effects of physical attractiveness and target gender on inferred mode of HIV infection.

PubMed

Boehm, L; Wambaugh, M; Riney, T; Kunzelman, C

1996-04-01

We examined the effects of physical attractiveness on the assumed mode of HIV acquisition. 176 students read a description of an HIV-positive target whose photograph was placed above the description. A 2 (target gender) by 2 (attractive or unattractive target) factorial design was used. Unattractive targets were perceived as more likely to have acquired HIV through homosexual relationships. Further, men were perceived as more likely than women to have acquired HIV homosexually. Attractiveness did not bias health-care allocations regarding the infected target.

Novel quantum well gallium arsenide-based lasers for all transmission windows in optical communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tansu, Nelson

The thesis covers the development of novel active regions for high-performance edge-emitting lasers (EEL) and vertical cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) in optical communication. Three main themes of the thesis cover the design, fabrication, and physics of the novel and alternative active regions for GaAs-based VCSELs for the three optical communications windows at wavelength regimes of 850-nm, 1300-nm, and 1500-nm, with the emphases on the 1300-nm InGaAsN QW GaAs-based active regions and on the novel design of 1500-nm GaAs-based active regions. The studies include the utilization of compressively-strained InGaAsP quantum well (QW) active regions for the 850-nm VCSELs. The research on the long-wavelength lasers covers the design, growth, temperature analysis, carrier transport, and gain analysis of the InGaAsN (lambda = 1.3 mum) quantum well lasers. The novel and original design of the GaAsSb-(In)GaAsN type-II QWs to achieve 1500--3000 nm GaAs-based active regions is discussed in detail.

Radiation damage of all-silica fibers in the UV region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gombert, Joerg; Ziegler, M.; Assmus, J.; Klein, Karl-Friedrich; Nelson, Gary W.; Clarkin, James P.; Pross, H.; Kiefer, J.

1999-04-01

Since several years, UVI-fibers having higher solarization- resistance are well known stimulating new fiber-optic applications in the UV-region below 250 nm. Besides the description of the improved transmission properties of UV- light from different UV-sources, the mechanisms of improvement have been discussed in detail. The UV-defects, mainly the E'- center with the UV-absorption band around 215 nm, were passivated by using hydrogen-doping. Besides DUV-light, ionizing radiation like Gamma-radiation or X-rays can create similar defects in the UV-region. In the past, the radiation- damage in the UV-region was studied on silica bulk samples: again, E'-centers were generated. Up to now, no UV- transmission through a 1 m long fiber during or after Gamma- radiation had been observed. However, the hydrogen in the UVI- fibers behaves the same for Gamma-irradiation, leading to a passivation of the radiation-induced defects and an improved transmission in the UV-C region below 250 nm. On this report, the influence of total dose and fiber diameter on the UV- damage after irradiation will be described and discussed. In addition, we will include annealing studies, with and without UV-light. Based on our results, the standard process of Gamma- sterilization with a total dose of approx. 2 Mrad can be used for UVI-fibers resulting in a good UV-transmission below 320 nm. Excimer-laser light at 308 nm (XeCl) and 248 nm (KrF) and deuterium-lamp light with the full spectrum starting at 200 nm can also be transmitted.

Recent experimental advances on hydrophobic interactions at solid/water and fluid/water interfaces.

PubMed

Zeng, Hongbo; Shi, Chen; Huang, Jun; Li, Lin; Liu, Guangyi; Zhong, Hong

2015-03-15

Hydrophobic effects play important roles in a wide range of natural phenomena and engineering processes such as coalescence of oil droplets in water, air flotation of mineral particles, and folding and assembly of proteins and biomembranes. In this work, the authors highlight recent experimental attempts to reveal the physical origin of hydrophobic effects by directly quantifying the hydrophobic interaction on both solid/water and fluid/water interfaces using state-of-art nanomechanical techniques such as surface forces apparatus and atomic force microscopy (AFM). For solid hydrophobic surfaces of different hydrophobicity, the range of hydrophobic interaction was reported to vary from ∼10 to >100 nm. With various characterization techniques, the very long-ranged attraction (>100 nm) has been demonstrated to be mainly attributed to nonhydrophobic interaction mechanisms such as pre-existing nanobubbles and molecular rearrangement. By ruling out these factors, intrinsic hydrophobic interaction was measured to follow an exponential law with decay length of 1-2 nm with effective range less than 20 nm. On the other hand, hydrophobic interaction measured at fluid interfaces using AFM droplet/bubble probe technique was found to decay with a much shorter length of ∼0.3 nm. This discrepancy of measured decay lengths is proposed to be attributed to inherent physical distinction between solid and fluid interfaces, which impacts the structure of interface-adjacent water molecules. Direct measurement of hydrophobic interaction on a broader range of interfaces and characterization of interfacial water molecular structure using spectroscopic techniques are anticipated to help unravel the origin of this rigidity-related mismatch of hydrophobic interaction and hold promise to uncover the physical nature of hydrophobic effects. With improved understanding of hydrophobic interaction, intrinsic interaction mechanisms of many biological and chemical pathways can be better elucidated, and novel devices/processes can be developed with capacity to modulate and control the hydrophobic effects from the molecular to the macroscopic scale.

Physical and optical properties of calcium sulfate ultra-phosphate glass-doped Er2O3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aliyu, Aliyu Mohammed; Hussin, R.; Deraman, Karim; Ahmad, N. E.; Danmadami, Amina M.; Yamusa, Y. A.

2018-03-01

The influence of erbium on physical and optical properties of calcium sulfate ultra-phosphate glass was investigated using conventional melt quench process. Selected samples of composition 20CaSO4 (80 - x) P2O5- xEr2O3 with 0.1 ≤x ≤ 0.9 mol.% were prepared and assessed. X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to confirm the amorphous nature of the said samples. The structural units of phosphate-based glass were assessed from Raman spectra as ultra-(Q3), meta-(Q2), pyro-(Q1) and orthophosphate (Q0) units. Depolymerization process of the glasses was testified for higher calcium oxide content and UV-visible for optical measurement. Thermal analysis have been investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis. The results show the decomposition of materials in the temperature range of 25∘C-1000∘C. Er3+ absorption spectra were measured in the range of 400-1800nm. PL measurement was carried out in order to obtain the excitation and emission spectra of the samples. The emission spectra excited at 779nm comprises of 518nm, 550nm and 649nm of transition 4F9/2, 4S3/2 and 2H11/2 excited states to 4I15/2 ground state. In physical properties, the density calculated using Archimedes method is inversely proportional to molar volume with increase in Er3+ ions. Optical bandgap (Eg) were determined using Tauc’s plots for direct transitions where Eg (direct) decreases with increase in erbium content. The refractive index increases with decreasing molar volume; this may have a tendency for larger optical bandgap. The result obtained from the glass matrix indicates that erbium oxide-doped calcium sulfate ultra-phosphate may give important information for wider development of functional glasses.

A subsequent closed-form description of propagated signaling phenomena in the membrane of an axon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melendy, Robert F., E-mail: rfmelendy@liberty.edu

2016-05-15

I recently introduced a closed-form description of propagated signaling phenomena in the membrane of an axon [R.F. Melendy, Journal of Applied Physics 118, 244701 (2015)]. Those results demonstrate how intracellular conductance, the thermodynamics of magnetization, and current modulation, function together in generating an action potential in a unified, closed-form description. At present, I report on a subsequent closed-form model that unifies intracellular conductance and the thermodynamics of magnetization, with the membrane electric field, E{sub m}. It’s anticipated this work will compel researchers in biophysics, physical biology, and the computational neurosciences, to probe deeper into the classical and quantum features ofmore » membrane magnetization and signaling, informed by the computational features of this subsequent model.« less

High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stehlik, Stepan; Varga, Marian; Ledinsky, Martin; Miliaieva, Daria; Kozak, Halyna; Skakalova, Viera; Mangler, Clemens; Pennycook, Timothy J.; Meyer, Jannik C.; Kromka, Alexander; Rezek, Bohuslav

2016-12-01

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with a typical size of 5 nm have attracted broad interest in science and technology. Further size reduction of DNDs would bring these nanoparticles to the molecular-size level and open new prospects for research and applications in various fields, ranging from quantum physics to biomedicine. Here we show a controllable size reduction of the DND mean size down to 1.4 nm without significant particle loss and with additional disintegration of DND core agglutinates by air annealing, leading to a significantly narrowed size distribution (±0.7 nm). This process is scalable to large quantities. Such molecular-sized DNDs keep their diamond structure and characteristic DND features as shown by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, STEM and EELS. The size of 1 nm is identified as a limit, below which the DNDs become amorphous.

High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution

PubMed Central

Stehlik, Stepan; Varga, Marian; Ledinsky, Martin; Miliaieva, Daria; Kozak, Halyna; Skakalova, Viera; Mangler, Clemens; Pennycook, Timothy J.; Meyer, Jannik C.; Kromka, Alexander; Rezek, Bohuslav

2016-01-01

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with a typical size of 5 nm have attracted broad interest in science and technology. Further size reduction of DNDs would bring these nanoparticles to the molecular-size level and open new prospects for research and applications in various fields, ranging from quantum physics to biomedicine. Here we show a controllable size reduction of the DND mean size down to 1.4 nm without significant particle loss and with additional disintegration of DND core agglutinates by air annealing, leading to a significantly narrowed size distribution (±0.7 nm). This process is scalable to large quantities. Such molecular-sized DNDs keep their diamond structure and characteristic DND features as shown by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, STEM and EELS. The size of 1 nm is identified as a limit, below which the DNDs become amorphous. PMID:27910924

High-yield fabrication and properties of 1.4 nm nanodiamonds with narrow size distribution.

PubMed

Stehlik, Stepan; Varga, Marian; Ledinsky, Martin; Miliaieva, Daria; Kozak, Halyna; Skakalova, Viera; Mangler, Clemens; Pennycook, Timothy J; Meyer, Jannik C; Kromka, Alexander; Rezek, Bohuslav

2016-12-02

Detonation nanodiamonds (DNDs) with a typical size of 5 nm have attracted broad interest in science and technology. Further size reduction of DNDs would bring these nanoparticles to the molecular-size level and open new prospects for research and applications in various fields, ranging from quantum physics to biomedicine. Here we show a controllable size reduction of the DND mean size down to 1.4 nm without significant particle loss and with additional disintegration of DND core agglutinates by air annealing, leading to a significantly narrowed size distribution (±0.7 nm). This process is scalable to large quantities. Such molecular-sized DNDs keep their diamond structure and characteristic DND features as shown by Raman spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, STEM and EELS. The size of 1 nm is identified as a limit, below which the DNDs become amorphous.

Double Brillouin frequency spaced multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser with 50 nm tuning range

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, J. F.; Liao, T. Q.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, R. X.; Miao, C. Y.; Tong, Z. R.

2012-09-01

A 50 nm tuning range multiwavelength Brillouin-erbium fiber laser (MWBEFL) with double Brillouin frequency spacing is presented. Two separated gain blocks with symmetrical architecture, consisted by erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) and Brillouin gain media, are used to generate double Brillouin frequency spacing. The wider tuning range is realized by eliminating the self-lasing cavity modes existing in conventional MWBEFLs because of the absence of the physical mirrors at the ends of the linear cavity. The Brillouin pump (BP) is preamplified by the EDFA before entering the single-mode fiber (SMF), which leads to the reduction of threshold power and the generation enhancement of Brillouin Stokes (BS) signals. Four channels with 0.176 nm spacing are achieved at 2 mW BP power and 280 mW 980 nm pump power which can be tuned from 1525 to 1575 nm.

Factors Associated with Adolescent Physical Activity during Middle School Physical Education: A One-Year Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Senne, Terry; Rowe, David; Boswell, Boni; Decker, James; Douglas, Shaun

2009-01-01

The purpose of this descriptive component of a larger, exploratory case study was to examine associations among lesson contexts, teacher behaviors, and adolescent physical activity over a year of physical education (PE) at one school. Middle school students (n = 206) and their PE teachers (n = 4) were observed twice-weekly across one academic…

Physics of Musical Instruments Minicourse, Career Oriented Pre-Technical Physics. Preliminary Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bullock, Bob; And Others

This minicourse was prepared for use with secondary physics students in the Dallas Independent School District and is one option in a physics program which provides for the selection of topics on the basis of student career needs and interests. This minicourse was aimed at providing students with a knowledge of the technical descriptions of music,…

Development of Physics Attitude Scale (PAS): An Instrument to Measure Students' Attitudes toward Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaur, Daisy; Zhao, Yi

2017-01-01

The present study is focused on the detailed description of Physics Attitude Scale (PAS) to measure students' attitudes toward physics. The development of this new instrument involved extensive interviews with both the experts as well as the students. This was followed by expert reviews and pilot testing of the instrument. The duly revised draft…

FAST FLUX TEST FACILITY CONCEPTUAL FACILTY DESIGN DESCRIPTION FOR THE INERT GAS CELL EXAMINATION FACILITY NO. 71

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1968-12-12

The purpose of this Conceptual Facility Design Description (CFDD) is to provide a technical description of the Inert Gas Cell Examination Facility such that agreement with RDT on a Conceptual Design can be reached . The CFDD also serves to establish a common understanding of the facility concept among all responsible FFTF Project parties including the Architect Engineer and Reactor Designer. Included are functions and design requirements, a physical description of the facility, safety considerations, principles of operation, and maintenance principles.

Sandia National Laboratories site-wide hydrogeologic characterization project calendar year 1992 annual report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crowson, D.; Gibson, J.D.; Haase, C.S.

1993-10-01

The Sandia National Laboratories, New Mexico (SNL/NM) Site-Wide Hydrogeologic Characterization (SWHC) project has been implemented as part of the SNL/NM Environmental Restoration (ER) Program to develop the regional hydrogeologic framework and baseline for the approximately 100 mi of Kirtland Air Force Base (KAFB) and adjacent withdrawn public lands upon which SNL/NM has performed research and development activities. Additionally, the SWHC project will investigate and characterize generic hydrogeologic issues associated with the 172 ER sites owned by SNL/NM across its facilities on KAFB. As called for in the Hazardous and Solid Waste Amendments (HSWA) to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Actmore » (RCRA) Part B permit agreement between the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as the permitter and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and SNL/NM as the permittees, an annual report is to be prepared by the SWHC project team. This document serves two primary purposes: (1) to identify and describe the conceptual framework for the hydrogeologic system underlying SNL/NM and (2) to describe characterization activities undertaken in the preceding year that add to our understanding (reduce our uncertainties) regarding the conceptual and quantitative hydrogeologic framework. This SWHC project annual report focuses primarily on purpose 1, providing a summary description of the current {open_quotes}state of knowledge{close_quotes} of the Sandia National Laboratories/Kirtland Air Force Base (SNL/KAFB) hydrogeologic setting.« less

The Nanocrystalline State of Narrow Gap Semiconducting Chalcogenides

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-23

using a 1 nm scanning probe and the EDS microanalysis . For Annealing studies nanocrystal powder samples were placed in ceramic crucibles and annealed...nanocrystals are homogenous single phase EDS spectral images were collected in scanning transmission electron microcopy using a 1 nm electron probe...explorations with alio-valent elements (e.g. Sb3+, Ag+ doping in PbTe). • Perform chemical and physical characterization to demonstrate that nanocrystals are

Ionospheric Irregularity Physics Modelling.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-09

NUMBERS Washington, DC 20375 62715H; 47-0889-0-2 II CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12 REPORT DATE Defense Nuclear Agency February 9, 1982 Washington... CONTROL TECHNICAL CENTER COMMANDER PE TAGON RM SF 685 FIELD COMMAND WASHINGTON, D.C. 20301 DEFENSE NUCLEAR AGENCY OICY ATTN C-650 KIRTLAND, AFR, NM...BUILDINICG KIRTLAND AFB, NM 87115 1400 WILSON BLVD. OICY ATTN DOCUMENT CONTROL ARLINGTON, 11A. 22209 OICY ATTN NUCLEAR MONITORING RESEARCH JOINT CHIEFS OF

Li-ion synaptic transistor for low power analog computing

DOE PAGES

Fuller, Elliot J.; Gabaly, Farid El; Leonard, Francois; ...

2016-11-22

Nonvolatile redox transistors (NVRTs) based upon Li-ion battery materials are demonstrated as memory elements for neuromorphic computer architectures with multi-level analog states, “write” linearity, low-voltage switching, and low power dissipation. Simulations of back propagation using the device properties reach ideal classification accuracy. Finally, physics-based simulations predict energy costs per “write” operation of <10 aJ when scaled to 200 nm × 200 nm.

Optical properties of Ag nanoclusters formed by irradiation and annealing of SiO2/SiO2:Ag thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güner, S.; Budak, S.; Gibson, B.; Ila, D.

2014-08-01

We have deposited five periodic SiO2/SiO2 + Ag multi-nano-layered films on fused silica substrates using physical vapor deposition technique. The co-deposited SiO2:Ag layers were 2.7-5 nm and SiO2 buffer layers were 1-15 nm thick. Total thickness was between 30 and 105 nm. Different concentrations of Ag, ranging from 1.5 to 50 molecular% with respect to SiO2 were deposited to determine relevant rates of nanocluster formation and occurrence of interaction between nanoclusters. Using interferometry as well as in situ thickness monitoring, we measured the thickness of the layers. The concentration of Ag in SiO2 was measured with Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS). To nucleate Ag nanoclusters, 5 MeV cross plane Si ion bombardments were performed with fluence varying between 5 × 1014 and 1 × 1016 ions/cm2 values. Optical absorption spectra were recorded in the range of 200-900 nm in order to monitor the Ag nanocluster formation in the thin films. Thermal annealing treatment at different temperatures was applied as second method to form varying size of nanoclusters. The physical properties of formed super lattice were criticized for thermoelectric applications.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oliveira, P.A.; Sanz, L., E-mail: lsanz@infis.ufu.br

This work provides a complete description of entanglement properties between electrons inside coupled quantum molecules, nanoestructures which consist of two quantum dots. Each electron can tunnel between the two quantum dots inside the molecule, being also coupled by Coulomb interaction. First, it is shown that Bell states act as a natural basis for the description of this physical system, defining the characteristics of the energy spectrum and the eigenstates. Then, the entanglement properties of the eigenstates are discussed, shedding light on the roles of each physical parameters on experimental setup. Finally, a detailed analysis of the dynamics shows the pathmore » to generate states with a high degree of entanglement, as well as physical conditions associated with coherent oscillations between separable and Bell states.« less

Ultrafast optical measurements of surface waves on a patterned layered nanostructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daly, Brian; Bjornsson, Matteo; Connolly, Aine; Mahat, Sushant; Rachmilowitz, Bryan; Antonelli, George; Myers, Alan; Yoo, Hui-Jae; Singh, Kanwal; King, Sean

2015-03-01

We report ultrafast optical pump-probe measurements of 12 - 54 GHz surface acoustic waves (SAWs) on patterned layered nanostructures. These very high frequency SAWs were generated and detected on the following patterned film stack: 25 nm physically vapor deposited TiN / 180 nm porous PECVD-grown a-SiOC:H dielectric / 12 nm non-porous PECVD-grown a-SiOC:H etch-stop / 100 nm CVD-grown a-SiO2 / Si (100) substrate. The TiN layer was dry plasma etched to form lines of rectangular cross section with pitches of 420 nm, 250 nm, 180 nm, and 168 nm and the lines were oriented parallel to the [110] direction on the wafer surface. The absorption of ultrafast pulses from a Ti:sapphire oscillator operating at 800 nm generated SAWs that were detected by time-delayed probe pulses from the same oscillator via a reflectivity change (ΔR) . In each of the four cases the SAW frequency increased with decreasing pitch, but not in a linear way as had been seen in previous experiments of this sort. By comparing the results with mechanical simulations, we present evidence for the detection of different types of SAWs in each case, including Rayleigh-like waves, Sezawa waves, and leaky or radiative waves. This work was supported by NSF Award DMR1206681.

Continual model of magnetic dynamics for antiferromagnetic particles in analyzing size effects on Morin transition in hematite nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mishchenko, I.; Chuev, M.; Kubrin, S.; Lastovina, T.; Polyakov, V.; Soldatov, A.

2018-05-01

Alternative explanation to the effect of disappearance of the Morin transition on hematite nanoparticles with their size decreasing is proposed basing on an idea of the predominant role of the shape anisotropy for nanosize particles. Three types of the magnetic structure of hematite nanoparticles with various sizes are found by Mössbauer spectroscopy: coexistence of the well-pronounced antiferromagnetic and weakly ferromagnetic phases for particles with average diameters of about 55 nm, non-uniform distribution of the magnetization axes which concentrate on the vicinity of the basal plane (111) for prolonged particles with cross sections of about 20 nm, and uniform distribution of the easy axes in regard to the crystalline directions for 3-nm particles. Description of the temperature evolution of experimental data within novel model of the magnetic dynamics for antiferromagnetic particles which accounts the exchange, relativistic, and anisotropy interactions is provided, and the structural as well as energy characteristics of the studied systems are reconstructed.

Corneal birefringence measured by spectrally resolved Mueller matrix ellipsometry and implications for non-invasive glucose monitoring

PubMed Central

Westphal, Peter; Kaltenbach, Johannes-Maria; Wicker, Kai

2016-01-01

A good understanding of the corneal birefringence properties is essential for polarimetric glucose monitoring in the aqueous humor of the eye. Therefore, we have measured complete 16-element Mueller matrices of single-pass transitions through nine porcine corneas in-vitro, spectrally resolved in the range 300…1000 nm. These ellipsometric measurements have been performed at several angles of incidence at the apex and partially at the periphery of the corneas. The Mueller matrices have been decomposed into linear birefringence, circular birefringence (i.e. optical rotation), depolarization, and diattenuation. We found considerable circular birefringence, strongly increasing with decreasing wavelength, for most corneas. Furthermore, the decomposition revealed significant dependence of the linear retardance (in nm) on the wavelength below 500 nm. These findings suggest that uniaxial and biaxial crystals are insufficient models for a general description of the corneal birefringence, especially in the blue and in the UV spectral range. The implications on spectral-polarimetric approaches for glucose monitoring in the eye (for diabetics) are discussed. PMID:27446644

Properties of plasmonic arrays produced by pulsed-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films

PubMed Central

Siuzdak, Katarzyna; Atanasov, Peter A; Bittencourt, Carla; Dikovska, Anna; Nedyalkov, Nikolay N; Śliwiński, Gerard

2014-01-01

Summary A brief description of research advances in the area of short-pulse-laser nanostructuring of thin Au films is followed by examples of experimental data and a discussion of our results on the characterization of structural and optical properties of gold nanostructures. These consist of partially spherical or spheroidal nanoparticles (NPs) which have a size distribution (80 ± 42 nm) and self-organization characterized by a short-distance order (length scale ≈140 nm). For the NP shapes produced, an observably broader tuning range (of about 150 nm) of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) band is obtained by renewal thin film deposition and laser annealing of the NP array. Despite the broadened SPR bands, which indicate damping confirmed by short dephasing times not exceeding 4 fs, the self-organized Au NP structures reveal quite a strong enhancement of the optical signal. This was consistent with the near-field modeling and micro-Raman measurements as well as a test of the electrochemical sensing capability. PMID:25551038

Improved arrayed-waveguide-grating layout avoiding systematic phase errors.

PubMed

Ismail, Nur; Sun, Fei; Sengo, Gabriel; Wörhoff, Kerstin; Driessen, Alfred; de Ridder, René M; Pollnau, Markus

2011-04-25

We present a detailed description of an improved arrayed-waveguide-grating (AWG) layout for both, low and high diffraction orders. The novel layout presents identical bends across the entire array; in this way systematic phase errors arising from different bends that are inherent to conventional AWG designs are completely eliminated. In addition, for high-order AWGs our design results in more than 50% reduction of the occupied area on the wafer. We present an experimental characterization of a low-order device fabricated according to this geometry. The device has a resolution of 5.5 nm, low intrinsic losses (< 2 dB) in the wavelength region of interest for the application, and is polarization insensitive over a wide spectral range of 215 nm.

Production of EUV mask blanks with low killer defects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antohe, Alin O.; Kearney, Patrick; Godwin, Milton; He, Long; John Kadaksham, Arun; Goodwin, Frank; Weaver, Al; Hayes, Alan; Trigg, Steve

2014-04-01

For full commercialization, extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) technology requires the availability of EUV mask blanks that are free of defects. This remains one of the main impediments to the implementation of EUV at the 22 nm node and beyond. Consensus is building that a few small defects can be mitigated during mask patterning, but defects over 100 nm (SiO2 equivalent) in size are considered potential "killer" defects or defects large enough that the mask blank would not be usable. The current defect performance of the ion beam sputter deposition (IBD) tool will be discussed and the progress achieved to date in the reduction of large size defects will be summarized, including a description of the main sources of defects and their composition.

Coping experience of health concerns and physical disability for older Chinese people: A qualitative, descriptive study.

PubMed

Mei, He; Turale, Sue

2017-12-01

In this qualitative, descriptive study, we explored the perspectives of older, community-dwelling Chinese people regarding their experiences of coping with a physical disability and their health concerns. Twenty participants were interviewed in-depth, and data were analyzed using content analysis. Five themes with 13 subthemes emerged that described older people's experiences of coping with health concerns and disability: (i) ignoring health concerns; (ii) managing self; (iii) seeking medical help; (iv) living with physical disability; and (v) relying on limited resources. Most participants did not have sufficient access to health services due to physical disability and financial deficits, so they tended to ignore their health conditions or tackle them independently before seeking medical help. At the same time, they were impacted on by social and cultural factors. Policies are required that offer more resources to community-dwelling people with disabilities in China. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Network testbed creation and validation

DOEpatents

Thai, Tan Q.; Urias, Vincent; Van Leeuwen, Brian P.; Watts, Kristopher K.; Sweeney, Andrew John

2017-03-21

Embodiments of network testbed creation and validation processes are described herein. A "network testbed" is a replicated environment used to validate a target network or an aspect of its design. Embodiments describe a network testbed that comprises virtual testbed nodes executed via a plurality of physical infrastructure nodes. The virtual testbed nodes utilize these hardware resources as a network "fabric," thereby enabling rapid configuration and reconfiguration of the virtual testbed nodes without requiring reconfiguration of the physical infrastructure nodes. Thus, in contrast to prior art solutions which require a tester manually build an emulated environment of physically connected network devices, embodiments receive or derive a target network description and build out a replica of this description using virtual testbed nodes executed via the physical infrastructure nodes. This process allows for the creation of very large (e.g., tens of thousands of network elements) and/or very topologically complex test networks.

Sociocultural Influences on Weight-Related Behaviors in African American Adolescents.

PubMed

Tate, Nutrena H; Davis, Jean E; Yarandi, Hossein N

2015-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the sociocultural factors related to weight behaviors in African American adolescents utilizing a social ecological approach. A descriptive correlational design included a sample of 145 African American adolescents. Perceived familial socialization, ethnic identity, physical activity, and eating behavior patterns were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson product-moment correlations, and multiple regression equations. Perceived maternal socialization was significantly related to adolescent eating behaviors and physical activity whereas perceived paternal socialization was significantly related only to their physical activity. The adolescents' ethnic identity was not significantly related to their eating behaviors or physical activity. Health care providers who work with adolescents and their families can use the initial findings from this study to encourage healthy weight-related behaviors while reducing the obesity epidemic within the African American adolescent population in a developmentally appropriate and culturally sensitive manner. © The Author(s) 2014.

Network testbed creation and validation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thai, Tan Q.; Urias, Vincent; Van Leeuwen, Brian P.

Embodiments of network testbed creation and validation processes are described herein. A "network testbed" is a replicated environment used to validate a target network or an aspect of its design. Embodiments describe a network testbed that comprises virtual testbed nodes executed via a plurality of physical infrastructure nodes. The virtual testbed nodes utilize these hardware resources as a network "fabric," thereby enabling rapid configuration and reconfiguration of the virtual testbed nodes without requiring reconfiguration of the physical infrastructure nodes. Thus, in contrast to prior art solutions which require a tester manually build an emulated environment of physically connected network devices,more » embodiments receive or derive a target network description and build out a replica of this description using virtual testbed nodes executed via the physical infrastructure nodes. This process allows for the creation of very large (e.g., tens of thousands of network elements) and/or very topologically complex test networks.« less

On the Helix Propensity in Generalized Born Solvent Descriptions of Modeling the Dark Proteome

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-10

benchmarks of conformational sampling methods and their all-atom force fields plus solvent descriptions to accurately model structural transitions on a...atom simulations of proteins is the replacement of explicit water interactions with a continuum description of treating implicitly the bulk physical... structure was reported by Amarasinghe and coworkers (Leung et al., 2015) of the Ebola nucleoprotein NP in complex with a 28-residue peptide extracted

Physics. Teacher's Guide. Investigations in Natural Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renner, John W.; And Others

Investigations in Natural Science is a program in secondary school biology, chemistry, and physics based upon the description of science as a quest for knowledge, not the knowledge itself. This teaching guide is designed for use with the 36 physics investigations found in the student manual. These investigations focus on concepts related to:…

Physics. Student Investigations and Readings. Investigations in Natural Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renner, John W.; And Others

Investigations in Natural Science is a program in secondary school biology, chemistry, and physics based upon the description of science as a quest for knowledge, not the knowledge itself. This student manual contains the 36 physics investigations which focus on concepts related to: movement; vectors; falling objects; force and acceleration; a…

Examining the Knowledge and Capacity of Elementary Teachers to Implement Classroom Physical Activity Breaks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dinkel, Danae M.; Lee, Jung-Min; Schaffer, Connie

2016-01-01

This study examined teachers' zone of proximal development for classroom physical activity breaks by assessing teachers' knowledge and capacity for implementing classroom physical activity breaks. Five school districts of various sizes (n = 346 teachers) took part in a short online survey. Descriptive statistics were calculated and chi-square…

Physics Experiments with Nintendo Wii Controllers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wheeler, Martyn D.

2011-01-01

This article provides a detailed description of the use of Nintendo Wii game controllers in physics demonstrations. The main features of the controller relevant to physics are outlined and the procedure for communicating with a PC is described. A piece of software written by the author is applied to gathering data from a controller suspended from…

Brazilian Physical Education Teachers' Beliefs about Teaching Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodge, Samuel R.; Haegele, Justin; Gutierres Filho, Paulo; Rizzi Lopes, Gleides

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyse Brazilian physical education teachers' beliefs about their experiences teaching students with disabilities. Participants were six physical education teachers from schools located in the city of Brasília, Brazil. The research paradigm was descriptive-qualitative situated in the theory of planned behaviour.…

Solar Physics in the Space Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dittmer, Phil D.; And Others

This amply illustrated booklet provides a physical description of the sun as well as present and future tasks for solar physics study. The first chapter, an introduction, describes the history of solar study, solar study in space, and the relevance of solar study. The second chapter describes the five heliographic domains including the interior,…

19 CFR 133.2 - Application to record trademark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific... instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a...

19 CFR 133.2 - Application to record trademark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific... instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a...

19 CFR 133.2 - Application to record trademark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific... instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a...

19 CFR 133.2 - Application to record trademark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific... instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a...

19 CFR 133.2 - Application to record trademark.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... on the basis of physical and material differences (see Lever Bros. Co. v. United States, 981 F.2d 1330 (D.C. Cir. 1993)), a description of any physical and material difference between the specific... instance, owners who assert that physical and material differences exist must state the basis for such a...

Electrostatic Radio Frequency (RF) Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) Switches With Metal Alloy Electric Contacts

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-09-01

Serway , Raymond A. Physics for Scientists and Engineers . New York: Saunders College Publishing, 1986. 141. Sharvin, Y.V. Sov. Phys. JETP , 21 :655 (1965...III. Theory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.1 Micro-Switch Physical Description . . . . . . . . . . . 17 3.2 MEMS...Insertion Loss . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 IMD Intermodulation Distortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 PVD Physical Vapor

Bringing Physics, Synchrotron Light and Probing Neutrons to the Public: A Collaborative Outreach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Micklavzina, Stanley; Almqvist, Monica; Sörensen, Stacey L.

2014-01-01

Stanley Micklavzina, a US physics educator on sabbatical, teams up with a Swedish national research laboratory, a synchrotron radiation experimental group and a university science centre to develop and create educational and public outreach projects. Descriptions of the physics, science centre displays and public demonstrations covering the…

Let's Have a Coffee with the Standard Model of Particle Physics!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Woithe, Julia; Wiener, Gerfried J.; Van der Veken, Frederik F.

2017-01-01

The Standard Model of particle physics is one of the most successful theories in physics and describes the fundamental interactions between elementary particles. It is encoded in a compact description, the so-called "Lagrangian," which even fits on t-shirts and coffee mugs. This mathematical formulation, however, is complex and only…

Japanese Physical Educators' Beliefs on Teaching Students with Disabilities at Urban High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sato, Takahiro; Hodge, Samuel R.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyse Japanese physical education teachers' beliefs on teaching students with disabilities in integrated classes. The participants were five physical education teachers in Japan. Situated in planned behaviour theory developed by Icek Ajzen in 1985, the research method was descriptive-qualitative case study as…

Combined photovacuum therapy of copulative dysfunction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menyaev, Yulian A.; Zharov, Vladimir P.; Mishanin, Evgeniy A.; Kuzmich, Aleksandr P.; Bessonov, Sergey E.

2006-02-01

One of the important problems of modern medicine is treatment of urogenital diseases. 1-2 There is a set of the treatment methods for such problems, but any of them does not obey the modern physicians completely. 3-4 Our aim is to present the new combined therapeutic apparatus called "Yarovit" (produced in Russia, in collaboration between Bauman Moscow State University of Technology and Scientific Production Association and Medical Center "Yarovit") which successfully applied in clinics for cure the patients with copulative dysfunction diseases. 5-6 At this apparatus "Yarovit" (description model have abbreviation AMVL-0 1) there is a combination of vacuum decompression (0.1-0.4 kgs/cm2) and light emitting diodes matrix system (660 nm, 1-3 mW/cm2). In treatment procedure apparatus can be applied together with expanded module "Intratherm" (39 °C on average), which has rectal heating elements. The latest clinical studies were made together with volunteer participation of more then one hundred patients, and received results showed the good dynamic of healing. That let to conclude these combinations of physical therapeutic methods supplement each other and in conjunction provides a significant clinical effect. The further developments of such apparatuses are discussed.

Local Chemical Ordering and Negative Thermal Expansion in PtNi Alloy Nanoparticles.

PubMed

Li, Qiang; Zhu, He; Zheng, Lirong; Fan, Longlong; Wang, Na; Rong, Yangchun; Ren, Yang; Chen, Jun; Deng, Jinxia; Xing, Xianran

2017-12-13

An atomic insight into the local chemical ordering and lattice strain is particular interesting to recent emerging bimetallic nanocatalysts such as PtNi alloys. Here, we reported the atomic distribution, chemical environment, and lattice thermal evolution in full-scale structural description of PtNi alloy nanoparticles (NPs). The different segregation of elements in the well-faceted PtNi nanoparticles is convinced by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS). Atomic pair distribution function (PDF) study evidences the coexistence of the face-centered cubic and tetragonal ordering parts in the local environment of PtNi nanoparticles. Further reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) simulation with PDF data obviously exposed the segregation as Ni and Pt in the centers of {111} and {001} facets, respectively. Layer-by-layer statistical analysis up to 6 nm for the local atomic pairs revealed the distribution of local tetragonal ordering on the surface. This local coordination environment facilitates the distribution of heteroatomic Pt-Ni pairs, which plays an important role in the negative thermal expansion of Pt 41 Ni 59 NPs. The present study on PtNi alloy NPs from local short-range coordination to long-range average lattice provides a new perspective on tailoring physical properties in nanomaterials.

Polarizers tuned at key far-UV spectral lines for space instrumentation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Larruquert, Juan I.; Malvezzi, A. Marco; Rodríguez-de Marcos, Luis; Giglia, Angelo; Gutiérrez-Luna, Nuria; Espinosa-Yáñez, Lucía.; Honrado-Benítez, Carlos; Aznárez, José A.; Massone, Giuseppe; Capobianco, Gerardo; Fineschi, Silvano; Nannarone, Stefano

2017-05-01

Polarimetry is a valuable technique to help us understand the role played by the magnetic field of the coronal plasma in the energy transfer processes from the inner parts of the Sun to the outer space. Polarimetry in the far ultraviolet (FUV: 100-200 nm), which must be performed from space due to absorption in terrestrial atmosphere, supplies fundamental data of processes that are governed by the Doppler and Hanle effects on resonantly scattered line-emission. To observe these processes there are various key spectral lines in the FUV, from which H I Lyman α (121.6 nm) is the strongest one. Hence some solar physics missions that have been proposed or are under development plan to perform polarimetry at 121.6 nm, like the suborbital missions CLASP I (2015) and CLASP II (2018), and the proposed solar missions SolmeX and COMPASS and stellar mission Arago. Therefore, the development of efficient FUV linear polarizers may benefit these and other possible future missions. C IV (155 nm) and Mg II (280 nm) are other spectral lines relevant for studies of solar and stellar magnetized atmospheres. High performance polarizers can be obtained with optimized coatings. Interference coatings can tune polarizers at the spectral line(s) of interest for solar and stellar physics. Polarizing beamsplitters consist in polarizers that separate one polarization component by reflection and the other by transmission, which enables observing the two polarization components simultaneously with a single polarizer. They involve the benefit of a higher efficiency in collection of polarization data due to the use of a single polarizer for the two polarization components and they may also facilitate a simplified design for a space polarimeter. We present results on polarizing beamsplitters tuned either at 121.6 nm or at the pair of 155 and 280 nm spectral lines.

Mechanical behavior of Ti-Ta-based surface alloy fabricated on TiNi SMA by pulsed electron-beam melting of film/substrate system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meisner, S. N.; Yakovlev, E. V.; Semin, V. O.; Meisner, L. L.; Rotshtein, V. P.; Neiman, A. A.; D'yachenko, F.

2018-04-01

The physical-mechanical properties of the Ti-Ta based surface alloy with thickness up to ∼2 μm fabricated through the multiple (up to 20 cycles) alternation of magnetron deposition of Ti70Ta30 (at.%) thin (50 nm) films and their liquid-phase mixing with the NiTi substrate by microsecond low-energy, high current pulsed electron beam (LEHCPEB: ≤15 keV, ∼2 J/cm2) are presented. Two types of NiTi substrates (differing in the methods of melting alloys) were pretreated with LEHCPEB to improve the adhesion of thin-film coating and to protect it from local delimitation because of the surface cratering under pulsed melting. The methods used in the research include nanoindentation, transmission electron microscopy, and depth profile analysis of nanohardness, Vickers hardness, elastic modulus, depth recovery ratio, and plasticity characteristic as a function of indentation depth. For comparison, similar measurements were carried out with NiTi substrates in the initial state and after LEHCPEB pretreatment, as well as on "Ti70Ta30(1 μm) coating/NiTi substrate" system. It was shown that the upper surface layer in both NiTi substrates is the same in properties after LEHCPEB pretreatment. Our data suggest that the type of multilayer surface structure correlates with its physical-mechanical properties. For NiTi with the Ti-Ta based surface alloy ∼1 μm thick, the highest elasticity falls on the upper submicrocrystalline layer measuring ∼0.2 μm and consisting of two Ti-Ta based phases: α‧‧ martensite (a = 0.475 nm, b = 0.323 nm, c = 0.464 nm) and β austenite (a = 0.327 nm). Beneath the upper layer there is an amorphous sublayer followed by underlayers with coarse (>20 nm) and fine (<20 nm) average grain sizes which provide a gradual transition of the mechanical parameters to the values of the NiTi substrate.

Development of instrument for assessing students’ critical and creative thinking ability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herpiana, R.; Rosidin, U.

2018-01-01

The purpose of this study was to develop instruments to measure critical thinking ability and creative students in the topics of physics simple harmonic motion. The research method used was research development with application of procedures including research and data collection, planning, and initial product development. The participants of the study were thirty-four tenth grade students and five physics teachers of physics who were selected randomly from schools in the province of Lampung. The data collected by using test and analyzed in quantitative descriptive. Initial data showed that students’ critical and creative thinking ability were still low and instruments to assess students’ critical thinking skills and creative students was not yet available. Most of assessment conducted focused on memorization. Thus, the researchers developed a draft of instrument in the form of the test description based on criteria that encouraged students’ activity in understanding the concepts, strategies and decision/solution in dealing with problems. The development of the instrument was conducted considering real-world phenomena in the form of pictures and stories, description of the situation, and verbal presentation.

Accuracy of Physical Self-Description Among Chronic Exercisers and Non-Exercisers.

PubMed

Berning, Joseph M; DeBeliso, Mark; Sevene, Trish G; Adams, Kent J; Salmon, Paul; Stamford, Bryant A

2014-11-06

This study addressed the role of chronic exercise to enhance physical self-description as measured by self-estimated percent body fat. Accuracy of physical self-description was determined in normal-weight, regularly exercising and non-exercising males with similar body mass index (BMI)'s and females with similar BMI's (n=42 males and 45 females of which 23 males and 23 females met criteria to be considered chronic exercisers). Statistical analyses were conducted to determine the degree of agreement between self-estimated percent body fat and actual laboratory measurements (hydrostatic weighing). Three statistical techniques were employed: Pearson correlation coefficients, Bland and Altman plots, and regression analysis. Agreement between measured and self-estimated percent body fat was superior for males and females who exercised chronically, compared to non-exercisers. The clinical implications are as follows. Satisfaction with one's body can be influenced by several factors, including self-perceived body composition. Dissatisfaction can contribute to maladaptive and destructive weight management behaviors. The present study suggests that regular exercise provides a basis for more positive weight management behaviors by enhancing the accuracy of self-assessed body composition.

Space Physics Data Facility Web Services

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Candey, Robert M.; Harris, Bernard T.; Chimiak, Reine A.

2005-01-01

The Space Physics Data Facility (SPDF) Web services provides a distributed programming interface to a portion of the SPDF software. (A general description of Web services is available at http://www.w3.org/ and in many current software-engineering texts and articles focused on distributed programming.) The SPDF Web services distributed programming interface enables additional collaboration and integration of the SPDF software system with other software systems, in furtherance of the SPDF mission to lead collaborative efforts in the collection and utilization of space physics data and mathematical models. This programming interface conforms to all applicable Web services specifications of the World Wide Web Consortium. The interface is specified by a Web Services Description Language (WSDL) file. The SPDF Web services software consists of the following components: 1) A server program for implementation of the Web services; and 2) A software developer s kit that consists of a WSDL file, a less formal description of the interface, a Java class library (which further eases development of Java-based client software), and Java source code for an example client program that illustrates the use of the interface.

Structure and corrosion behavior of sputter deposited cerium oxide based coatings with various thickness on Al 2024-T3 alloy substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuanyuan; Huang, Jiamu; Claypool, James B.; Castano, Carlos E.; O'Keefe, Matthew J.

2015-11-01

Cerium oxide based coatings from ∼100 to ∼1400 nm in thickness were deposited onto Al 2024-T3 alloy substrates by magnetron sputtering of a 99.99% pure CeO2 target. The crystallite size of CeO2 coatings increased from 15 nm to 46 nm as the coating thickness increased from ∼100 nm to ∼1400 nm. The inhomogeneous lattice strain increased from 0.36% to 0.91% for the ∼100 nm to ∼900 nm thick coatings and slightly decreased to 0.89% for the ∼1400 nm thick coating. The highest adhesion strength to Al alloy substrates was for the ∼210 nm thick coating, due to a continuous film coverage and low internal stress. Electrochemical measurements indicated that sputter deposited crystalline CeO2 coatings acted as physical barriers that provide good cathodic inhibition for Al alloys in saline solution. The ∼900 nm thick CeO2 coated sample had the best corrosion performance that increased the corrosion resistance by two orders magnitude and lowered the cathodic current density 30 times compared to bare Al 2024-T3 substrates. The reduced defects and exposed surface, along with suppressed charge mobility, likely accounts for the improved corrosion performance as coating thickness increased from ∼100 nm to ∼900 nm. The corrosion performance decreased for ∼1400 nm thick coatings due in part to an increase in coating defects and porosity along with a decrease in adhesion strength.

Decisional balance and self-efficacy of physical activity among the elderly in Rasht in 2013 based on the transtheoretical model

PubMed Central

Abbaspour, Seddigheh; Farmanbar, Rabiollah; Njafi, Fateme; Ghiasvand, Arezoo Mohamadkhani; Dehghankar, Leila

2017-01-01

Background Regular physical activity has been considered as health promotion, and identifying different effective psycho-social variables on physical has proven to be essential. Objective To identify the relationship between decisional balance and self-efficacy in physical activities using the transtheoretical model in the members of a retirement center in Rasht, Guillen. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2013 by using convenient sampling on 262 elderly people who are the members of retirement centers in Rasht. Data were collected using Stages of change, Decisional balance, Self-efficacy and Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE). Data was analyzed using SPSS-16 software, descriptive and analytic statistic (Pearson correlation, Spearman, ANOVA, HSD Tukey, linear and ordinal regression). Results The majority of participants were in maintenance stage. Mean and standard deviation physical activity for the elderly was 119.35±51.50. Stages of change and physical activities were significantly associated with decisional balance and self-efficacy (p<0.0001); however, cons had a significant and reverse association. According to linear and ordinal regression the only predicator variable of physical activity behavior was self-efficacy. Conclusion By increase in pros and self-efficacy on doing physical activity, it can be benefited in designing appropriate intervention programs. PMID:28713520

Physics Curriculum Development Project. Aims, Organisation, Activities of PLON: A Physics Curriculum Development Project for General Secondary Education in the Netherlands. Outline.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Utrecht State Univ., (Netherlands).

This document highlights the aims and activities of a project designed to modernize and update physics teaching and physics curriculum in the Netherlands by developing materials for use with students aged 12-18 at intermediate general, higher general, and pre-university schools. Following general information (including a brief description of the…

Chiral electroweak currents in nuclei

DOE PAGES

Riska, D. O.; Schiavilla, R.

2017-01-10

Here, the development of the chiral dynamics based description of nuclear electroweak currents is reviewed. Gerald E. (Gerry) Brown’s role in basing theoretical nuclear physics on chiral Lagrangians is emphasized. Illustrative examples of the successful description of electroweak observables of light nuclei obtained from chiral effective field theory are presented.

49 CFR 236.907 - Product Safety Plan (PSP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... product components and their physical relationship in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the... in § 236.909 and appendix B to this part; (8) A hazard mitigation analysis, including a complete and... principles and assumptions; (11) A human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human...

49 CFR 236.907 - Product Safety Plan (PSP).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... product components and their physical relationship in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the... in § 236.909 and appendix B to this part; (8) A hazard mitigation analysis, including a complete and... principles and assumptions; (11) A human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human...

24 CFR 103.25 - What information should I provide to HUD?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... physical description, such as apartment, condominium, house, or vacant lot; and (d) A brief description of how you were discriminated against in an activity related to housing. You should include in this... of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or the presence of children under the age...

24 CFR 103.25 - What information should I provide to HUD?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... physical description, such as apartment, condominium, house, or vacant lot; and (d) A brief description of how you were discriminated against in an activity related to housing. You should include in this... of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or the presence of children under the age...

24 CFR 103.25 - What information should I provide to HUD?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... physical description, such as apartment, condominium, house, or vacant lot; and (d) A brief description of how you were discriminated against in an activity related to housing. You should include in this... of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or the presence of children under the age...

24 CFR 103.25 - What information should I provide to HUD?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... physical description, such as apartment, condominium, house, or vacant lot; and (d) A brief description of how you were discriminated against in an activity related to housing. You should include in this... of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or the presence of children under the age...

24 CFR 103.25 - What information should I provide to HUD?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... physical description, such as apartment, condominium, house, or vacant lot; and (d) A brief description of how you were discriminated against in an activity related to housing. You should include in this... of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability, or the presence of children under the age...

Formulation and shelf life stability of water-borne lecithin nanoparticles for potential application in dietary supplements field.

PubMed

Edris, Amr E

2012-09-01

ABSTRACT The objective of the present investigation is to formulate commercial soybean lecithin as nanoparticles in solvent-free aqueous system for potential supplementary applications. A mechanical method, which involved two major steps, was used for that purpose. First, lecithin submicron particles (~ 0.5 μm) have been prepared by gradual hydration of lecithin powder using mechanical agitation. Finally, the size of these particles was further reduced to < 100 nm by using high-pressure microfluidization. The physical stability (appearance, particle size distribution, ζ-potential) and the chemical stability (lipid oxidation) of the dispersions carrying lecithin nanoparticles were assessed every 15 days during the 3-month shelf life period at two different temperatures. Results showed that the final particle size of lecithin in the freshly prepared aqueous dispersion was 79.8 ± 1.0 nm and the amount of peroxide detected was 3.5 ± 0.2 meq/kg lipid. At the end of the storage period, dispersions stored at 4°C exhibited physical and chemical stability as evident from the translucent appearance, the small change in particle size (84.1 ± 1.3 nm), and the small amount of generated peroxides (4.1 ± 0.2 meq/kg lipid). On the other hand, dispersions stored at 25°C were physically stable up to 60 days. Over that period, samples became turbid and the particle size increased to 145.0 ± 1.7 nm with a bimodal distribution pattern. This behavior was due to phospholipids (PLs) degradation and hydrolysis under acidic conditions, which proceeds faster at a relatively high temperature (25°C) than at (4°C). The outcome of this investigation may help in developing water-based dispersions carrying lecithin nanoparticles for dietary supplement of PLs.

Hadronic and nuclear interactions in QCD

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

Despite the evidence that QCD - or something close to it - gives a correct description of the structure of hadrons and their interactions, it seems paradoxical that the theory has thus far had very little impact in nuclear physics. One reason for this is that the application of QCD to distances larger than 1 fm involves coherent, non-perturbative dynamics which is beyond present calculational techniques. For example, in QCD the nuclear force can evidently be ascribed to quark interchange and gluon exchange processes. These, however, are as complicated to analyze from a fundamental point of view as is themore » analogous covalent bond in molecular physics. Since a detailed description of quark-quark interactions and the structure of hadronic wavefunctions is not yet well-understood in QCD, it is evident that a quantitative first-principle description of the nuclear force will require a great deal of theoretical effort. Another reason for the limited impact of QCD in nuclear physics has been the conventional assumption that nuclear interactions can for the most part be analyzed in terms of an effective meson-nucleon field theory or potential model in isolation from the details of short distance quark and gluon structure of hadrons. These lectures, argue that this view is untenable: in fact, there is no correspondence principle which yields traditional nuclear physics as a rigorous large-distance or non-relativistic limit of QCD dynamics. On the other hand, the distinctions between standard nuclear physics dynamics and QCD at nuclear dimensions are extremely interesting and illuminating for both particle and nuclear physics.« less

[Study on the movement of the carrier recombination region in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on DPVBi/Alq3].

PubMed

Yan, Guang; Zhao, Su-ling; Xu, Zheng; Zhang, Fu-jun; Kong, Chao; Liu, Xiao-dong; Gong, Wei; Gao, Li-yan

2011-07-01

Series of organic light emitting devices with basic structure of ITO/PCBM: PVK(x Wt%, approximately 40 nm)/DPVBi(30 nm)/Alq3 (30 nm)/Al were fabricated in order to investigate the carrier recombination region movement in these devices. The carrier injection-dependent, the carrier transport-dependent and the voltage-dependent carrier recombination region movements were investigated respectively by modifying cathode with lithium fluoride, by changing the doping concentration of PCBM and by changing the voltage on the devices. The physical mechanism behind the voltage-dependent carrier recombination region movement was discussed.

Design, synthesis, and characterization of fluorine-free PAGs for 193-nm lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Sen; Glodde, Martin; Varanasi, Pushkara R.

2010-04-01

Photoacid generators (PAGs) are a key component in chemically amplified resists used in photolithography. Perfluorooctanesulfonates (PFOS) and other perfluoroalkylsulfonates (PFAS) have been well adopted as PAGs in 193 nm photoresist. Recently, concerns have been raised about their environmental impact due to their chemical persistency, bioaccumulation and toxicity. It is a general interest to find environmentally benign PAGs that are free of fluorine atoms. Here we describe the design, synthesis and characterization of a series of novel fluorine-free onium salts as PAGs for 193 nm photoresists. These PAGs demonstrated desirable physical and lithography properties when compared with PFAS-based PAGs for both dry and immersion exposures.

[Factors associated with physical activity among Chinese immigrant women].

PubMed

Cho, Sung-Hye; Lee, Hyeonkyeong

2013-12-01

This study was done to assess the level of physical activity among Chinese immigrant women and to determine the relationships of physical activity with individual characteristics and behavior-specific cognition. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 161 Chinese immigrant women living in Busan. A health promotion model of physical activity adapted from Pender's Health Promotion Model was used. Self-administered questionnaires were used to collect data during the period from September 25 to November 20, 2012. Using SPSS 18.0 program, descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, and multiple regression analysis were done. The average level of physical activity of the Chinese immigrant women was 1,050.06 ± 686.47 MET-min/week and the minimum activity among types of physical activity was most dominant (59.6%). As a result of multiple regression analysis, it was confirmed that self-efficacy and acculturation were statistically significant variables in the model (p<.001), with an explanatory power of 23.7%. The results indicate that the development and application of intervention strategies to increase acculturation and self-efficacy for immigrant women will aid in increasing the physical activity in Chinese immigrant women.

Novel Flame-Based Synthesis of Nanowires for Multifunctional Application

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-13

referenced above, the laser fluence is appropriately low so that only a nanoplasma is created around the nanoparticle with no gas-phase breakdown or...and 501.428 nm corresponding to Ti (I) atomic emission lines [20] from the nanoparticle-induced nanoplasmas are observed. However, for 355 nm...Ren, Q. Yao, and C. K. Law, "Two-dimensional imaging of gas-to-particle transition in flames by laser-induced nanoplasmas ," Applied Physics Letters

Software for the Design of Swimming Pool Dehumidifiers Units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubina, Aleš; Blasinski, Petr; Tesař, Zdeněk

2013-06-01

The article deals with the description and solution of physical phenomena taking place during evaporation of water. The topicality of the theme is given a number of built indoor swimming pool and wellness centers at present. In addressing HVAC systems serving these areas, it is necessary to know the various design parameters in the interior including the water temperature as the pool temperature and humidity. Following is a description of the calculation module, air handling units, including optimizing the settings of the physical changes in order to ensure the lowest energy consumption for air treatment and required maintaining internal microclimate parameters.

A Novel Approach to Anharmonicity for a Wealth of Applications in Nonlinear Science Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hanusse, Patrick

2011-04-19

We present a new theory of the anharmonicity of nonlinear oscillations that are exhibited by many physical systems. New physical quantities are introduced that describe the departure from linear or harmonic behavior and as far as extremely anharmonic situations. In order to solve the nonlinear phase equation, the key notion of our theory, which controls the anharmonic behavior, a new and fascinating nonlinear trigonometry is designed. These results provide a general and accurate yet compact description of such signals, by far better than the Fourier description, both quantitatively and qualitatively and will benefit many application fields.

SOHO Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectrometer (UVCS) Mission Operations and Data Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gurman, Joseph (Technical Monitor); Kohl, John L.

2004-01-01

The scientific goal of UVCS is to obtain detailed empirical descriptions of the extended solar corona as it evolves over the solar cycle and to use these descriptions to identify and understand the physical processes responsible for coronal heating, solar wind acceleration, coronal mass ejections (CMEs), and the phenomena that establish the plasma properties of the solar wind as measured by "in situ" solar wind instruments. This report covers the period from 15 February 2003 to 14 April 2004. During that time, UVCS observations have consisted of three types: 1) standard synoptic observations comprising, primarily, the H I Lyalpha line profile and the 0 VI 103.2 and 103.7 nm intensity over a range of heights from 1.5 to about 3.0 solar radii and covering 360 degrees about the Sun, 2) sit and stare observations for major flare watches, and 3) special observations designed by the UVCS Lead Observer of the Week for a specific scientific purpose. The special observations are often coordinated with those of other space-based and ground-based instruments and they often are part of SOHO joint observation programs and campaigns. Lead observers have included UVCS Co-Investigators, scientists from the solar physics community and several graduate and undergraduate level students. UVCS has continued to achieve its purpose of using powerful spectroscopic diagnostic techniques to obtain a much more detailed description of coronal structures and dynamic phenomena than existed before the SOHO mission. The new descriptions of coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and coronal structures from UVCS have inspired a large number of theoretical studies aimed at identifying the physical processes responsible for CMEs and solar wind acceleration in coronal holes and streamers. UVCS has proven to be a very stable instrument. Stellar observations have demonstrated its radiometric stability. UVCS has not required any flight software modifications and all mechanisms are operational. The UVCS 0 VI Channel with its redundant optical path for wavelengths near H I Lyalpha is capable of observing the entire UVCS wavelength range. The regions of the detector currently being used require different grating angles for direct OVI observations and redundant path H I Lyalpha observations, and so those can no longer be observed simultaneously. Since December 1998, the 0 VI Channel has been used for all UVCS observations. Although the H I Lyalpha Channel and detector are still operational, increases in the dark count up to about 5x10(exp 4) counts/sec/pixel and an increase in high voltage current to within a factor of two of the maximum used in the laboratory before flight led to the decision to not use that detector after 1998. The visible light channel functioned nominally during the reporting period. UVCS data, data analysis software, calibration files and the mission log are available from the SOHO archive and SAO. All UVCS data are now available within three months of the observations to scientists and the general public via the SOHO Data Archive and SAO. UVCS has resulted in 33 scientific papers in 2003. There were numerous presentations at scientific meetings. UVCS Education and Public Outreach activities involved nine members of the UVCS team. During the reporting period, there were over a dozen events directed at students and teachers, museum audiences, and public audiences via the mass media, internet and educational literature.

Liquid Crystalline Properties of Amyloid Protein Fibers in Water

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mezzenga, Raffaele; Jung, Jin-Mi

2010-03-01

We have studied the liquid crystalline features of two colloidal systems consisting of food protein amyloid fibrils in water, obtained by heat-denaturation and aggregation of β-lactoglobulin, a globular dairy protein. The resulting fibrils, have a monodisperse cross section of about 4 nm and two groups of polydisperse contour lengths: (i) fibrils 1-10 μm long, showing semiflexible polyeletrolyte-like behaviour and (ii) rigid rods 100-200 nm long. In both systems, the fibers are highly charged (+5 e/nm) and stable in water at low ionic strength (0.01 M) and low pH (pH 2). The physical properties of these systems are studied using a polymer physics approach and phase diagrams of these two systems are obtained by changing concentration and pH. Both systems exhibit rich phase behaviours. Interestingly, the experimentally measured isotropic-nematic phase transition was found to occur at concentrations more than one order of magnitude lower than what expected based on Onsager theory. Experimental results are revisited in terms of the Flory theory developed for rigid polymers in solvent of varying conditions.

Optical methods and differential scanning calorimetry as a potential tool for discrimination of olive oils (extra virgin and mix with vegetable oils)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nikolova, Kr.; Yovcheva, T.; Marudova, M.; Eftimov, T.; Bodurov, I.; Viraneva, A.; Vlaeva, I.

2016-03-01

Eleven samples from olive oil have been investigated using four physical methods - refractive index measurement, fluorescence spectra, color parameters and differential scanning colorimetry. In pomace olive oil (POO) and extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) the oleic acid (65.24 %-78.40 %) predominates over palmitic (10.47 %-15.07 %) and linoleic (5.26 %-13.92 %) acids. The fluorescence spectra contain three peaks related to oxidation products at about λ = (500-540) nm, chlorophyll content at about λ = (675-680) nm and non determined pigments at λ = (700-750) nm. The melting point for EVOO and POO is between -1 °C and -6 °C. In contrast, the salad olive oils melt between -24 °C and -30 °C. The refractive index for EVOO is lower than that for mixed olive oils. The proposed physical methods could be used for fast and simple detection of vegetable oils in EVOO without use of chemical substances. The experimental results are in accordance with those obtained by chemical analysis.

Surface physics of semiconducting nanowires

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amato, Michele; Rurali, Riccardo

2016-02-01

Semiconducting nanowires (NWs) are firm candidates for novel nanoelectronic devices and a fruitful playground for fundamental physics. Ultra-thin nanowires, with diameters below 10 nm, present exotic quantum effects due to the confinement of the wave functions, e.g. widening of the electronic band-gap, deepening of the dopant states. However, although several reports of sub-10 nm wires exist to date, the most common NWs have diameters that range from 20 to 200 nm, where these quantum effects are absent or play a very minor role. Yet, the research activity on this field is very intense and these materials still promise to provide an important paradigm shift for the design of emerging electronic devices and different kinds of applications. A legitimate question is then: what makes a nanowire different from bulk systems? The answer is certainly the large surface-to-volume ratio. In this article we discuss the most salient features of surface physics and chemistry in group-IV semiconducting nanowires, focusing mostly on Si NWs. First we review the state-of-the-art of NW growth to achieve a smooth and controlled surface morphology. Next we discuss the importance of a proper surface passivation and its role on the NW electronic properties. Finally, stressing the importance of a large surface-to-volume ratio and emphasizing the fact that in a NW the surface is where most of the action takes place, we discuss molecular sensing and molecular doping.

Growth and Physical Property Study of Single Nanowire (Diameter ~45 nm) of Half Doped Manganite

DOE PAGES

Datta, Subarna; Chandra, Sayan; Samanta, Sudeshna; ...

2013-01-01

We repormore » t here the growth and characterization of functional oxide nanowire of hole doped manganite of La 0.5 Sr 0.5 MnO 3 (LSMO). We also report four-probe electrical resistance measurement of a single nanowire of LSMO (diameter ~45 nm) using focused ion beam (FIB) fabricated electrodes. The wires are fabricated by hydrothermal method using autoclave at a temperature of 270 °C. The elemental analysis and physical property like electrical resistivity are studied at an individual nanowire level. The quantitative determination of Mn valency and elemental mapping of constituent elements are done by using Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (EELS) in the Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) mode. We address the important issue of whether as a result of size reduction the nanowires can retain the desired composition, structure, and physical properties. The nanowires used are found to have a ferromagnetic transition ( T C ) at around 325 K which is very close to the bulk value of around 330 K found in single crystal of the same composition. It is confirmed that the functional behavior is likely to be retained even after size reduction of the nanowires to a diameter of 45 nm. The electrical resistivity shows insulating behavior within the measured temperature range which is similar to the bulk system.« less

Entropy of N=2 black holes and their M-brane description

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Behrndt, K.; Mohaupt, T.

1997-08-01

In this paper we discuss the M-brane description for an N=2 black hole. This solution is a result of the compactification of M-5-brane configurations over a Calabi-Yau threefold with arbitrary intersection numbers C{sub ABC}. In analogy with the D-brane description where one counts open string states we count here open M-2-branes which end on the M-5-brane. {copyright} {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}

Spatially and spectrally engineered spin-orbit interaction for achromatic virtual shaping

PubMed Central

Pu, Mingbo; Zhao, Zeyu; Wang, Yanqin; Li, Xiong; Ma, Xiaoliang; Hu, Chenggang; Wang, Changtao; Huang, Cheng; Luo, Xiangang

2015-01-01

The geometries of objects are deterministic in electromagnetic phenomena in all aspects of our world, ranging from imaging with spherical eyes to stealth aircraft with bizarre shapes. Nevertheless, shaping the physical geometry is often undesired owing to other physical constraints such as aero- and hydro-dynamics in the stealth technology. Here we demonstrate that it is possible to change the traditional law of reflection as well as the electromagnetic characters without altering the physical shape, by utilizing the achromatic phase shift stemming from spin-orbit interaction in ultrathin space-variant and spectrally engineered metasurfaces. The proposal is validated by full-wave simulations and experimental characterization in optical wavelengths ranging from 600 nm to 2800 nm and microwave frequencies in 8-16 GHz, with echo reflectance less than 10% in the whole range. The virtual shaping as well as the revised law of reflection may serve as a versatile tool in many realms, including broadband and conformal camouflage and Kinoform holography, to name just a few. PMID:25959663

EDITORIAL: Extreme Ultraviolet Light Sources for Semiconductor Manufacturing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Attwood, David

2004-12-01

The International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors (ITRS) [1] provides industry expectations for high volume computer chip fabrication a decade into the future. It provides expectations to anticipated performance and requisite specifications. While the roadmap provides a collective projection of what international industry expects to produce, it does not specify the technology that will be employed. Indeed, there are generally several competing technologies for each two or three year step forward—known as `nodes'. Recent successful technologies have been based on KrF (248 nm), and now ArF (193 nm) lasers, combined with ultraviolet transmissive refractive optics, in what are known as step and scan exposure tools. Less fortunate technologies in the recent past have included soft x-ray proximity printing and, it appears, 157 nm wavelength F2 lasers. In combination with higher numerical aperture liquid emersion optics, 193 nm is expected to be used for the manufacture of leading edge chip performance for the coming five years. Beyond that, starting in about 2009, the technology to be employed is less clear. The leading candidate for the 2009 node is extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography, however this requires that several remaining challenges, including sufficient EUV source power, be overcome in a timely manner. This technology is based on multilayer coated reflective optics [2] and an EUV emitting plasma. Following Moore's Law [3] it is expected, for example, that at the 2009 `32 nm node' (printable patterns of 32 nm half-pitch), isolated lines with 18 nm width will be formed in resist (using threshold effects), and that these will be further narrowed to 13 nm in transfer to metalized electronic gates. These narrow features are expected to provide computer chips of 19 GHz clock frequency, with of the order of 1.5 billion transistors per chip [1]. This issue of Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics contains a cluster of eight papers addressing the critical issue of available EUV power from electrical discharge pinch plasmas and laser produced plasmas, including the roots of these requirements, the relevant plasma and radiation physics, and current state-of-the-art commercial technology. In the first paper of the cluster, Vadim Banine and Roel Moors of ASML in the Netherlands provide a detailed review of the required EUV power based on an economically viable throughput of one hundred 300 mm diameter wafers per hour, projected resist sensitivity, number of finite reflectivity multilayer coated surfaces and their collective spectral bandwidth, and a collection solid angle set by optical phase-space constraints and plasma source size. Thomas Krücken and his colleagues from Philips and the Fraunhofer Institute in Aachen present a theoretical model of radiation generation and transport based on model density and temperature profiles in an electrical discharge plasma, providing valuable insights into radiation physics and the limits to achievable power. Kenneth Fahy and his colleagues at UCD in Dublin and NIST in the US, in their paper, describe in detail atomic physics calculations of emission from relevant lines and unresolved transition arrays (UTAs) of candidate xenon and tin ions, each of which radiate strongly within the acceptance bandwidth of the multilayer coatings. The different elements, Xe and Sn, however, raise significantly different implications for source debris production and thus of requisite debris mitigation requirements. Björn Hannson and Hans Hertz of KTH University in Stockholm present a substantial review of laser produced plasmas for the EUV, including those based on liquid jet technologies, leading to a path of mass limited target material, and significant stand-off distance from the solid nozzle, which maximize EUV power generation while minimizing debris production. In addition to an extensive review of EUV source related literature, they describe experiments with laser irradiated droplets and filaments, for both Xe and Sn. The embodiment of electrical discharge plasmas and laser-produced plasmas into commercially available EUV sources, with EUV powers that project to suitable levels, is presented in the fifth paper by Uwe Stamm of XTREME Technologies in Göttingen. For discharge produced plasmas, thermal loading and electrode erosion are significant issues. Vladimir Borisov and his colleagues, at the Troitsk Institute outside Moscow, address these issues and provide novel ideas for the multiplexing of several discharge plasmas feeding a single optical system. Igor Fomenkov and his colleagues at Cymer in San Diego describe issues associated with a dense plasma focus pinch, including a comparison of operations with both positive and negative polarity. In the eighth paper, Malcolm McGeoch of Plex in Massachusetts provides a theoretical description of the vaporization and ionization of spherical tin droplets in discharge plasma. Together this cluster of papers provides a broad review of the current status of high power EUV plasma sources for semiconductor manufacturing. This very current topic, of intense interest worldwide, is considered further in a book [4] of collected papers to become available in mid-2005. Additionally, a special journal issue emphasizing coherent EUV sources, albeit at lower average powers, is soon to appear [5]. References [1] http://public.itrsr.net [2] Attwood D 2000 Soft X-Rays and Extreme Ultraviolet Radiation: Principles and Applications (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press) www.coe.Berkeley.edu/AST/sxreuv [3] Moore G E 1965 Cramming More Components onto Integrated Circuits Electronics Magazine 114 Moore G E 1995 Lithography and the Future of Moore's Law SPIE 243 2 [4] Bakshi V ed 2005 EUV Sources for Lithography (Bellingham WA:SPIE) at press [5] IEEE J. Special Topics in Quantum Electronics, Short Wavelength and EUV Lasers 10 Dec 2004 at press

Physics Identity Development: A Snapshot of the Stages of Development of Upper-Level Physics Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irving, Paul W.; Sayre, Eleanor C.

2013-01-01

As part of a longitudinal study into identity development in upper-level physics students a phenomenographic research method is employed to assess the stages of identity development of a group of upper-level students. Three categories of description were discovered which indicate the three different stages of identity development for this group…

Development of Pre-Service Physics Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) throughout Their Initial Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karal, Isik Saliha; Alev, Nedim

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate the development of pre-service physics teachers' pedagogical content knowledge (PCK) on the subject of electricity and magnetism after their completion of physics and mathematics courses. A descriptive longitudinal development research was carried out with 13 pre-service teachers (PTs) who completed…

Central District Research Section of the American Alliance for Health, Physical Education, Recreation, and Dance Proceedings (Fargo, ND, April 26-30, 1995).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, J. A., Ed.; Hoadley, M., Ed.

This report provides descriptions of 14 research projects offered as poster presentations at the 1995 conference. The research projects focused on: attitudes of preservice physical education teachers toward teaching students with mild disabilities; relationship between preservice physical education teachers' attributes and attitudes toward…

Bodily Knowledge beyond Motor Skills and Physical Fitness: A Phenomenological Description of Knowledge Formation in Physical Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parviainen, Jaana; Aromaa, Johanna

2017-01-01

Bodily knowledge has attracted significant attention within the humanities and other related fields over the last two decades. Although theoretical discussion on bodily knowledge in the context of physical education has been active over the past 10 years, these discussions lack clear conceptual analyses of bodily knowledge. Using a…

Current Practices and Future Directions in Reporting Disability in School-Based Physical Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haegele, Justin Anthony; Hodge, Samuel

2017-01-01

The primary purpose of this study was to determine what trends exist in the identification and description of participants with disabilities used in school-based physical education research. A total of 60 research articles published in the "Journal of Teaching in Physical Education" from 2010-2014 which included school-aged individuals…

Mississippi Curriculum Framework for Physical Therapist Assistant (CIP: 51.0806--Physical Therapy Assistant). Postsecondary Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mississippi Research and Curriculum Unit for Vocational and Technical Education, State College.

This document, which is intended for use by community and junior colleges throughout Mississippi, contains curriculum frameworks for the course sequences in the physical therapy assistant program. Presented in the introductory section are a description of the program and suggested course sequence. Section I lists baseline competencies, and section…

Iron Oxide Nanospheres and Nanocubes for Magnetic Hyperthermia Therapy: A Comparative Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemati, Z.; Das, R.; Alonso, J.; Clements, E.; Phan, M. H.; Srikanth, H.

2017-06-01

Improving the heating capacity of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) for hyperthermia therapy is an important but challenging task. Through a comparative study of the inductive heating properties of spherical and cubic Fe3O4 MNPs with two distinct average volumes (˜7000 nm3 and 80,000 nm3), we demonstrate that, for small size (˜7000 nm3), the cubic MNPs heat better compared with the spherical MNPs. However, the opposite trend is observed for larger size (˜80,000 nm3). The improvement in heating efficiency in cubic small-sized MNPs (˜7000 nm3) can be attributed to enhanced anisotropy and the formation of chain-like aggregates, whereas the decrease of the heating efficiency in cubic large-sized MNPs (˜80,000 nm3) has been attributed to stronger aggregation of particles. Physical motion is shown to contribute more to the heating efficiency in case of spherical than cubic MNPs, when dispersed in water. These findings are of crucial importance in understanding the role of shape anisotropy and optimizing the heating response of magnetic nano-structures for advanced hyperthermia.

Radiation Failures in Intel 14nm Microprocessors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bossev, Dobrin P.; Duncan, Adam R.; Gadlage, Matthew J.; Roach, Austin H.; Kay, Matthew J.; Szabo, Carl; Berger, Tammy J.; York, Darin A.; Williams, Aaron; LaBel, K.;

Pacific Northwest Laboratory annual report for 1988 to the DOE Office of Energy Research: Part 4, Physical sciences

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Touburen, L.H.

1989-03-01

This document contains brief descriptions of various research programs in the physical science. Topics include Chernobyl Information Management, Supercritical Fluids, Laser Spectroscopy, DNA Adducts, Dosimetry, Biophysics, and Genetic Damage. (TEM)

Physics Teaching in a Rural School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilhite, Lora

1979-01-01

The author describes, in a highly personal manner, physics teaching in a rural school. Topics detailed include: program descriptions, teaching methods, textbook selection and adoption procedures, teaching load, and the problems associated with teaching in a school district with limited funds. (BT)

Introductory Remarks on Behalf of IUPAP

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Oers, Willem T. H. van

2009-08-04

Words of welcome expressed on behalf of IUPAP by the Vice-Chair of the IUPAP Commission on Nuclear Physics (C12) followed by a short description of IUPAP activities of relevance to the participants of the 18th International Symposium on Spin Physics.

Size-dependent melting modes and behaviors of Ag nanoparticles: a molecular dynamics study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Tianshou; Zhou, Dejian; Wu, Zhaohua; Shi, Pengpeng

2017-12-01

The size-dependent melting behaviors and mechanisms of Ag nanoparticles (NPs) with diameters of 3.5-16 nm were investigated by molecular dynamics (MD). Two distinct melting modes, non-premelting and premelting with transition ranges of about 7-8 nm, for Ag NPs were demonstrated via the evolution of distribution and transition of atomic physical states during annealing. The small Ag NPs (3.5-7 nm) melt abruptly without a stable liquid shell before the melting point, which is characterized as non-premelting. A solid-solid crystal transformation is conducted through the migration of adatoms on the surface of Ag NPs with diameters of 3.5-6 nm before the initial melting, which is mainly responsible for slightly increasing the melting point of Ag NPs. On the other hand, surface premelting of Ag NPs with diameters of 8-16 nm propagates from the outer shell to the inner core with initial anisotropy and late isotropy as the temperature increases, and the close-packed facets {111} melt by a side-consumed way which is responsible for facets {111} melting in advance relative to the crystallographic plane {111}. Once a stable liquid shell is formed, its size-independent minimum thickness is obtained, and a three-layer structure of atomic physical states is set up. Lastly, the theory of point defect-pair (vacancy-interstitial) severing as the mechanism of formation and movement of the solid-liquid interface was also confirmed. Our study provides a basic understanding and theoretical guidance for the research, production and application of Ag NPs.

Tunable Solid State Lasers Based on Molecular Ions

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

02215 July 15, 1988 to September 30, 1991. N’ o ~...... 1 C~~ I -- ,t,’**, "> I : tt : o0.’. * On leave from Institute of Physics, Copernicus ...Physics, N. Copernicus University, ments provided the ratio (Jo- 81)/10, where l0 is the 87-100 Toruo, Poland. probe beam intensity after passing through...luminescence, following t 30 ns long excitation pulse (308 nm On leave from Institute of Physics, N. Copernicus University, line, excimer laser

The characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) in Antarctic sea ice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Norman, Louiza; Thomas, David N.; Stedmon, Colin A.; Granskog, Mats A.; Papadimitriou, Stathys; Krapp, Rupert H.; Meiners, Klaus M.; Lannuzel, Delphine; van der Merwe, Pier; Dieckmann, Gerhard S.

2011-05-01

An investigation of coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and its relationships to physical and biogeochemical parameters in Antarctic sea ice and oceanic water have indicated that ice melt may both alter the spectral characteristics of CDOM in Antarctic surface waters and serve as a likely source of fresh autochthonous CDOM and labile DOC. Samples were collected from melted bulk sea ice, sea ice brines, surface gap layer waters, and seawater during three expeditions: one during the spring to summer and two during the winter to spring transition period. Variability in both physical (temperature and salinity) and biogeochemical parameters (dissolved and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen, as well as chlorophyll a) was observed during and between studies, but CDOM absorption coefficients measured at 375 nm (a 375) did not differ significantly. Distinct peaked absorption spectra were consistently observed for bulk ice, brine, and gap water, but were absent in the seawater samples. Correlation with the measured physical and biogeochemical parameters could not resolve the source of these peaks, but the shoulders and peaks observed between 260 and 280 nm and between 320 to 330 nm respectively, particularly in the samples taken from high light-exposed gap layer environment, suggest a possible link to aromatic and mycosporine-like amino acids. Sea ice CDOM susceptibility to photo-bleaching was demonstrated in an in situ 120 hour exposure, during which we observed a loss in CDOM absorption of 53% at 280 nm, 58% at 330 nm, and 30% at 375 nm. No overall coincidental loss of DOC or DON was measured during the experimental period. A relationship between the spectral slope (S) and carbon-specific absorption (a *375) indicated that the characteristics of CDOM can be described by the mixing of two broad end-members; and aged material, present in brine and seawater samples characterised by high S values and low a *375; and a fresh material, due to elevated in situ production, present in the bulk ice samples characterised by low S and high a *375. The DOC data reported here have been used to estimate that approximately 8 Tg C yr -1 (˜11% of annual sea ice algae primary production) may be exported to the surface ocean during seasonal sea ice melt in the form of DOC.

King's College London/SERC Daresbury Scanning X-ray Microscope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burge, R. E.; Browne, M. T.; Buckley, C. J.; Cave, R.; Charalambous, P.; Duke, P. J.; Freake, A. J.; Hare, A.; Hills, C. P. B.; Kenney, J. M.; Kuriyama, T.; Lidiard, D.; MacDowell, A.; Michette, A. G.; Morrison, G. R.; Ogawa, K.; Rogoyski, A. M.

1986-01-01

The present status of the soft X-ray microscope is described and a short description is given, with likely development paths for the future, of the Daresbury synchrotron source, the monochromator, the high-resolution zone-plates, the scanning specimen stage, image recording and methods of image enhancement. It is considered that the instrumental developments needed for images at 10 nm resolution will take a further two or three years.

The DTIC Review. Hybrid and Electronic Vehicles. Volume 4. Number 1, June 1998.

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-06-01

ARGONNE NATIONAL LAB KIRTLAND AFB, NM IL (U) Constant-Thrust Orbit-Raising Transfer Charts. • (U) Dynamics and Controls in Maglev Systems DESCRIPTIVE...method to levitated ( MAGLEV ) ground transportation systems has generate minimum-fuel trajectories between coplanar important consequences for safety...satellite designers to control systems must be considered if MAGLEV systems assess preliminary fuel requirements for constant-thrust are to be economically

Description of FORTRAN Program DAWNA for Analysis of Muzzle Blast Field

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-04-01

meter feet 2/D ! P pressure N/m 2 lb/ft2 00 ’! u velocity m/sec ft/sec u/a» i OO { s entropy m2/sec2 0K ft2/sec2 0R (S...0,KK,i.L/ IPUNCH, IRSTRT, IMOVE , lUNl T, lUNQUT, 18« *** ** HÜUMBHl IFdMOVE. REA0(S,2) READ(5,2

Vertical resistivity in nanocrystalline ZnO and amorphous InGaZnO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCandless, Jonathan P.; Leedy, Kevin D.; Schuette, Michael L.

2018-02-01

The goal is to gain additional insight into physical mechanisms and the role of microstructure on the formation of ohmic contacts and the reduction of contact resistance. We have measured a decreasing film resistivity in the vertical direction with increasing thickness of pulsed-laser deposited ZnO and IGZO. As the ZnO thickness increases from 122 nm to 441 nm, a reduction in resistivity from 3.29 Ω-cm to 0.364 Ω-cm occurred. The IGZO resistivity changes from 72.4 Ω-cm to 0.642 Ω-cm as the film is increased from 108nm to 219 nm. In the ZnO, the size of nanocolumnar grains increase with thickness resulting in fewer grain boundaries, and in the amorphous IGZO, the thicker region exhibits tunnel-like artifacts which may contribute to the reduced resistivity.

Cavity-enhanced frequency doubling from 795nm to 397.5nm ultra-violet coherent radiation with PPKTP crystals in the low pump power regime.

PubMed

Wen, Xin; Han, Yashuai; Bai, Jiandong; He, Jun; Wang, Yanhua; Yang, Baodong; Wang, Junmin

2014-12-29

We demonstrate a simple, compact and cost-efficient diode laser pumped frequency doubling system at 795 nm in the low power regime. In two configurations, a bow-tie four-mirror ring enhancement cavity with a PPKTP crystal inside and a semi-monolithic PPKTP enhancement cavity, we obtain 397.5nm ultra-violet coherent radiation of 35mW and 47mW respectively with a mode-matched fundamental power of about 110mW, corresponding to a conversion efficiency of 32% and 41%. The low loss semi-monolithic cavity leads to the better results. The constructed ultra-violet coherent radiation has good power stability and beam quality, and the system has huge potential in quantum optics and cold atom physics.

A new solar reference spectrum from 165 to 3088 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damé, Luc; Meftah, Mustapha; Bolsée, David; Pereira, Nuno; Bekki, Slimane; Hauchecorne, Alain; Irbah, Abdenour; Cessateur, Gaël; Sluse, Dominique

2017-04-01

Since April 5, 2008 and until February 15, 2017 the SOLAR/SOLSPEC spectro-radiometer on the International Space Station performed accurate measurements of Solar Spectral Irradiance (SSI) from the far ultraviolet to the infrared (165 nm to 3088 nm). These measurements are of primary importance for a better understanding of solar physics and of the impact of solar variability on climate (via Earth's atmospheric photochemistry). In particular, a new reference solar spectrum is established covering most of the unusual solar cycle 24 from minimum in 2008 to maximum. Temporal variability in the UV (165 to 400 nm) is presented in several wavelengths bands. These results are possible thanks to revised engineering corrections, improved calibrations and new procedures to account for thermal and aging advanced corrections. Uncertainties on these measurements are evaluated and compare favorably with other instruments.

Is there an agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists’ job descriptions?

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Purpose: To determine the agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists’ job descriptions. Methods: The main tasks of physical therapists were classified, and university courses related to the main tasks were also classified. Frequency analysis was used to determine the proportions of credits for the classified courses out of the total credits of major subjects, exam items related to the classified courses out of the total number of exam items, and universities that offer courses related to the Korean physical therapist licensing examination among the surveyed universities. Results: The proportions of credits for clinical decision making and physical therapy diagnosis-related courses out of the total number credits for major subjects at universities were relatively low (2.06% and 2.58%, respectively). Although the main tasks of physical therapists are related to diagnosis and evaluation, the proportion of physiotherapy intervention-related items (35%) was higher than that of examination and evaluation-related items (25%) on the Korean physical therapist licensing examination. The percentages of universities that offer physical therapy diagnosis and clinical decision making-related courses were 58.62% and 68.97%, respectively. Conclusion: Both the proportion of physiotherapy diagnosis and evaluation-related items on the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, and the number of subjects related to clinical decision making and physical therapy diagnosis in the physical therapy curriculum, should be increased to ensure that the examination items and physical therapy curriculum reflect the practical tasks of physical therapists. PMID:26767720

Is there an agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists' job descriptions?

PubMed

Kang, Min-Hyeok; Kwon, Oh-Yun; Kim, Yong-Wook; Kim, Ji-Won; Kim, Tae-Ho; Oh, Tae-Young; Weon, Jong-Hyuk; Lee, Tae-Sik; Oh, Jae-Seop

2016-01-01

To determine the agreement among the items of the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, learning objectives of class subjects, and physical therapists' job descriptions. The main tasks of physical therapists were classified, and university courses related to the main tasks were also classified. Frequency analysis was used to determine the proportions of credits for the classified courses out of the total credits of major subjects, exam items related to the classified courses out of the total number of exam items, and universities that offer courses related to the Korean physical therapist licensing examination among the surveyed universities. The proportions of credits for clinical decision making and physical therapy diagnosis-related courses out of the total number credits for major subjects at universities were relatively low (2.06% and 2.58%, respectively). Although the main tasks of physical therapists are related to diagnosis and evaluation, the proportion of physiotherapy intervention-related items (35%) was higher than that of examination and evaluation-related items (25%) on the Korean physical therapist licensing examination. The percentages of universities that offer physical therapy diagnosis and clinical decision making-related courses were 58.62% and 68.97%, respectively. Both the proportion of physiotherapy diagnosis and evaluation-related items on the Korean physical therapist licensing examination, and the number of subjects related to clinical decision making and physical therapy diagnosis in the physical therapy curriculum, should be increased to ensure that the examination items and physical therapy curriculum reflect the practical tasks of physical therapists.

Stratification during evaporative assembly of multicomponent nanoparticle films

DOE PAGES

Liu, Xiao; Liu, Weiping; Carr, Amanda J.; ...

2018-01-03

Multicomponent coatings with layers comprising different functionalities are of interest for a variety of applications, including electronic devices, energy storage, and biomaterials. Rather than creating such a film using multiple deposition steps, we explore a single-step method to create such films by varying the particle Peclet numbers, Pe. Our hypothesis, based on recent theoretical descriptions of the stratification process, is that by varying particle size and evaporation rate such that Pe of large and small particles are above and below unity, we can create stratified films of polymeric and inorganic particles. In this paper, we present AFM on the surfacemore » composition of films comprising poly(styrene) nanoparticles (diameter 25–90 nm) and silica nanoparticles (diameter 8–14 nm). Previous studies on films containing both inorganic and polymeric particles correspond to large Pe values (e.g., 120–460), while we utilize Pe ~ 0.3–4, enabling us to test theories that have been developed for different regimes of Pe. We demonstrate evidence of stratification and effect of the Pe ratio, although our results agree only qualitatively with theory. Finally, our results also provide validation of recent theoretical descriptions of the film drying process that predict different regimes for large-on-top and small-on-top stratification.« less

Stratification during evaporative assembly of multicomponent nanoparticle films

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Xiao; Liu, Weiping; Carr, Amanda J.

Multicomponent coatings with layers comprising different functionalities are of interest for a variety of applications, including electronic devices, energy storage, and biomaterials. Rather than creating such a film using multiple deposition steps, we explore a single-step method to create such films by varying the particle Peclet numbers, Pe. Our hypothesis, based on recent theoretical descriptions of the stratification process, is that by varying particle size and evaporation rate such that Pe of large and small particles are above and below unity, we can create stratified films of polymeric and inorganic particles. In this paper, we present AFM on the surfacemore » composition of films comprising poly(styrene) nanoparticles (diameter 25–90 nm) and silica nanoparticles (diameter 8–14 nm). Previous studies on films containing both inorganic and polymeric particles correspond to large Pe values (e.g., 120–460), while we utilize Pe ~ 0.3–4, enabling us to test theories that have been developed for different regimes of Pe. We demonstrate evidence of stratification and effect of the Pe ratio, although our results agree only qualitatively with theory. Finally, our results also provide validation of recent theoretical descriptions of the film drying process that predict different regimes for large-on-top and small-on-top stratification.« less

49 CFR 236.1013 - PTC Development Plan and Notice of Product Intent content requirements and Type Approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... physical relationships in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the railroad operation or... requirements; (5) A preliminary human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human-machine interfaces and the impact of interoperability requirements on the same; (6) An analysis of the applicability...

49 CFR 236.1013 - PTC Development Plan and Notice of Product Intent content requirements and Type Approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... physical relationships in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the railroad operation or... requirements; (5) A preliminary human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human-machine interfaces and the impact of interoperability requirements on the same; (6) An analysis of the applicability...

49 CFR 236.1013 - PTC Development Plan and Notice of Product Intent content requirements and Type Approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... physical relationships in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the railroad operation or... requirements; (5) A preliminary human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human-machine interfaces and the impact of interoperability requirements on the same; (6) An analysis of the applicability...

49 CFR 236.1013 - PTC Development Plan and Notice of Product Intent content requirements and Type Approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... physical relationships in the subsystem or system; (2) A description of the railroad operation or... requirements; (5) A preliminary human factors analysis, including a complete description of all human-machine interfaces and the impact of interoperability requirements on the same; (6) An analysis of the applicability...

Art. Program of Art Instruction in the Secondary School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Battle Creek Public Schools, MI.

GRADES OR AGES: Junior and senior high school. SUBJECT MATTER: Art. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide has four main sections: 1) "Aims of the Art Program"; 2) "Function of the Guide"; 3) "Course Descriptions"; and 4) "References, Source Materials, Aids." The course descriptions in section 3 are arranged in chart form with six…

Sludge Characteristics. Sludge Treatment and Disposal Course #166. Instructor's Guide [and] Student Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klopping, Paul H.

A description of the general characteristics of sludge is provided in this lesson. It is intended as introductory material to acquaint students with the physical, chemical and biological characteristics of sludge. The lesson includes an instructor's guide and student workbook. The instructor's guide contains a description of the lesson, estimated…

Physics in one dimension: theoretical concepts for quantum many-body systems.

PubMed

Schönhammer, K

2013-01-09

Various sophisticated approximation methods exist for the description of quantum many-body systems. It was realized early on that the theoretical description can simplify considerably in one-dimensional systems and various exact solutions exist. The focus in this introductory paper is on fermionic systems and the emergence of the Luttinger liquid concept.

Mobile Router Testing with Diverse RF Communications Links

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brooks, David; Hoder, Doug; Wilkins, Ryan

2004-01-01

This is a short report on demonstrations using Mobile IP and several diverse physical communications links to connect a mobile network to a fixed IPv4 internet. The first section is a description of the equipment used, followed by descriptions of the tests, the theoretical results, and finally conclusions and the actual data.

Near infrared spectrum simulation applied to human skin for diagnosis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, Chen-Mu; Fang, Yi-Chin; Wang, Chih-Yu; Chiu, Pin-Chun; Wu, Guo-Ying; Zheng, Wei-Chi; Chemg, Shih-Hao

2007-11-01

This research proposes a new method for skin diagnose using near infrared as the light source (750nm~1300nm). Compared to UV and visible light, near infrared might penetrate relatively deep into biological soft tissue in some cases although NIR absorption property of tissue is not a constant for water, fat, and collagen etc. In the research, NIR absorption and scattering properties for skin are discussed firstly using the theory of molecule vibration from Quantum physics and Solid State Physics; secondly the practical model for various NIR absorption spectrum to skin tissue are done by optical simulation for human skin. Finally, experiments are done for further identification of proposed model for human skin and its reaction to near infrared. Results show success with identification from both theory and experiments.

Optical and Nanoparticle Analysis of Normal and Cancer Cells by Light Transmission Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deatsch, Alison; Sun, Nan; Johnson, Jeffery; Stack, Sharon; Szajko, John; Sander, Christopher; Rebuyon, Roland; Easton, Judah; Tanner, Carol; Ruggiero, Steven

2015-03-01

We have investigated the optical properties of human oral and ovarian cancer and normal cells. Specifically, we have measured the absolute optical extinction for intra-cellular material (lysates) in aqueous suspension. Measurements were conducted over a wavelength range of 250 to 1000 nm with 1 nm resolution using Light Transmission Spectroscopy (LTS). This provides both the absolute extinction of materials under study and, with Mie inversion, the absolute number of particles of a given diameter as a function of diameter in the range of 1 to 3000 nm. Our preliminary studies show significant differences in both the extinction and particle size distributions associated with cancer versus normal cells, which appear to be correlated with differences in the particle size distribution in the range of approximately 50 to 250 nm. Especially significant is a clearly higher density of particles at about 100 nm and smaller for normal cells. Department of Physics, Harper Cancer Research Institute, and the Office of Research at the University of Notre Dame.

Wide band antireflective coatings Al2O3 / HfO2 / MgF2 for UV region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winkowski, P.; Marszałek, Konstanty W.

2013-07-01

Deposition technology of the three layers antireflective coatings consists of hafnium compound are presented in this paper. Oxide films were deposited by means of e-gun evaporation in vacuum of 5x10-5 mbar in presence of oxygen and fluoride films by thermal evaporation. Substrate temperature was 250°C. Coatings were deposited onto optical lenses made from quartz glass (Corning HPFS). Thickness and deposition rate were controlled by thickness measuring system Inficon XTC/2. Simulations leading to optimization of thickness and experimental results of optical measurements carried during and after deposition process were presented. Physical thickness measurements were made during deposition process and were equal to 43 nm/74 nm/51 nm for Al2O3 / HfO2 / MgF2 respectively. Optimization was carried out for ultraviolet region from 230nm to the beginning of visible region 400 nm. In this region the average reflectance of the antireflective coating was less than 0.5% in the whole range of application.

Stability of Polymer Ultrathin Films (<7 nm) Made by a Top-Down Approach.

PubMed

Bal, Jayanta Kumar; Beuvier, Thomas; Unni, Aparna Beena; Chavez Panduro, Elvia Anabela; Vignaud, Guillaume; Delorme, Nicolas; Chebil, Mohamed Souheib; Grohens, Yves; Gibaud, Alain

2015-08-25

In polymer physics, the dewetting of spin-coated polystyrene ultrathin films on silicon remains mysterious. By adopting a simple top-down method based on good solvent rinsing, we are able to prepare flat polystyrene films with a controlled thickness ranging from 1.3 to 7.0 nm. Their stability was scrutinized after a classical annealing procedure above the glass transition temperature. Films were found to be stable on oxide-free silicon irrespective of film thickness, while they were unstable (<2.9 nm) and metastable (>2.9 nm) on 2 nm oxide-covered silicon substrates. The Lifshitz-van der Waals intermolecular theory that predicts the domains of stability as a function of the film thickness and of the substrate nature is now fully reconciled with our experimental observations. We surmise that this reconciliation is due to the good solvent rinsing procedure that removes the residual stress and/or the density variation of the polystyrene films inhibiting thermodynamically the dewetting on oxide-free silicon.

Asymmetric underlap spacer layer enabled nanoscale double gate MOSFETs for design of ultra-wideband cascode amplifiers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Debapriya; Biswas, Abhijit

2017-10-01

Using extensive numerical analysis we investigate effects of asymmetric sidewall spacers on various device parameters of 20-nm double gate MOSFETs associated with analog/RF applications. Our studies show that the device with underlap drain-side spacer length LED of 10 nm and source-side spacer length LES of 5 nm shows improvement in terms of the peak value of transconductance efficiency, voltage gain Av, unity-gain cut-off frequency fT and maximum frequency of oscillations fMAX by 8.6%, 51.7%, 5% and 10.3%, respectively compared to the symmetric 5 nm underlap spacer device with HfO2 spacer of dielectric constant k = 22. Additionally, a higher spacer dielectric constant increases the peak Av while decreasing both peak fT and fMAX. The detailed physical insight is exploited to design a cascode amplifier which yields an ultra-wide gain bandwidth of 2.48 THz at LED = 10 nm with a SiO2 spacer.

Physical response of gold nanoparticles to single self-ion bombardment

DOE PAGES

Bufford, Daniel C.; Hattar, Khalid

2014-09-23

The reliability of nanomaterials depends on maintaining their specific sizes and structures. However, the stability of many nanomaterials in radiation environments remains uncertain due to the lack of a fully developed fundamental understanding of the radiation response on the nanoscale. To provide an insight into the dynamic aspects of single ion effects in nanomaterials, gold nanoparticles (NPs) with nominal diameters of 5, 20, and 60 nm were subjected to self-ion irradiation at energies of 46 keV, 2.8 MeV, and 10 MeV in situ inside of a transmission electron microscope. Ion interactions created a variety of far-from-equilibrium structures including small (~1more » nm) sputtered nanoclusters from the parent NPs of all sizes. Single ions created surface bumps and elongated nanofilaments in the 60 nm NPs. As a result, similar shape changes were observed in the 20 nm nanoparticles, while the 5 nm nanoparticles were transiently melted or explosively broken apart.« less

Cryogenic Wind Tunnels.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING - II by R.G.Scurlock 3 PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS: THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METALS AND NON- METALS by D.A.Wigley 4 REAL GAS EFFECTS - i...atmosphere. Examples include plastics and synthetic polymers in solid, foam, woven or sheet form, lubricating oils and metal powders. DO NOT think that...obtained with non- metals . TABLE 5 Ultimate Yield Thermal Figure Material tensile stress cond strength mega od.t _ i t y of mega N/m 2 N/m 2 Wm K Merit

Flavanol-rich cocoa drink lowers plasma F(2)-isoprostane concentrations in humans.

PubMed

Wiswedel, Ingrid; Hirsch, Daniela; Kropf, Siegfried; Gruening, Martin; Pfister, Eberhard; Schewe, Tankred; Sies, Helmut

2004-08-01

Flavan-3-ols are potent antioxidants in vitro, but convincing evidence for antioxidant action in vivo is lacking. We examined whether an oxidative stress-mediated increase in plasma F(2)-isoprostanes is counteracted by a flavanol-rich cocoa beverage. Twenty volunteers were examined in a comparative randomized double-blind crossover design with respect to ingestion of high-flavanol cocoa drink (HFCD; 187 mg flavan-3-ols/100 ml) vs. low-flavanol cocoa drink (LFCD; 14 mg/100 ml). With 10 individuals, the treatment was combined with strenuous physical exercise. Total (esterified plus nonesterified) F(2)-isoprostanes were analyzed by GC/MS. LFCD caused a slight increase in the mean (+/- SEM) plasma concentrations of F(2)-isoprostanes 2 and 4 h after intake (2.16 +/- 0.19 nM at 4 h vs. 1.76 +/- 0.11 nM at 0 h, n = 10), which may be attributable to postprandial oxidative stress. This increase did not occur with HFCD (1.57 +/- 0.06 nM at 4 h vs. 1.65 +/- 0.10 nM at 0 h, n = 10). The difference in F(2)-isoprostanes 2 and 4 h after intake of HFCD vs. LFCD became statistically significant when the intake was combined with physical exercise (P < 0.01, ANOVA). We conclude that dietary flavanols, using cocoa drink as example, can lower the plasma level of F(2)-isoprostanes, indicators of in vivo lipid peroxidation.

Medical and surgical evaluation and care of illness in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siegel, John H.

1994-01-01

This report summarizes the work done on the contract NAG9-567, which was activated at the New Jersey Medical School-UMDNJ in April 1992 and carried on during the 1992-93 year to the present 1993-94 year which was terminated in May 1994. The initial examination stage was completed of an interactive program for the recording of physical and physiologic injury information obtained from examination of an injured person, who might be an astronaut sustaining traumatic injury, due to a burn or physical trauma, either in space or in an earth bound training environment. In this report three aspects will be discussed: 1) a description of the system of diagnostic examination graphics, 2) a description of the organization of the therapeutic advisory systems with a demonstration of two specific modules, and 3) a brief technical description of the organization of the programming system carried out on a UNIX based work station using a WINDOWS environment.

A multiscale physical model for the transient analysis of PEM water electrolyzer anodes.

PubMed

Oliveira, Luiz Fernando L; Laref, Slimane; Mayousse, Eric; Jallut, Christian; Franco, Alejandro A

2012-08-07

Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWEs) are electrochemical devices that can be used for the production of hydrogen. In a PEMWE the anode is the most complex electrode to study due to the high overpotential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), not widely understood. A physical bottom-up multi-scale transient model describing the operation of a PEMWE anode is proposed here. This model includes a detailed description of the elementary OER kinetics in the anode, a description of the non-equilibrium behavior of the nanoscale catalyst-electrolyte interface, and a microstructural-resolved description of the transport of charges and O(2) at the micro and mesoscales along the whole anode. The impact of different catalyst materials on the performance of the PEMWE anode, and a study of sensitivity to the operation conditions are evaluated from numerical simulations and the results are discussed in comparison with experimental data.

A precision device needs precise simulation: Software description of the CBM Silicon Tracking System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malygina, Hanna; Friese, Volker; CBM Collaboration

2017-10-01

Precise modelling of detectors in simulations is the key to the understanding of their performance, which, in turn, is a prerequisite for the proper design choice and, later, for the achievement of valid physics results. In this report, we describe the implementation of the Silicon Tracking System (STS), the main tracking device of the CBM experiment, in the CBM software environment. The STS makes uses of double-sided silicon micro-strip sensors with double metal layers. We present a description of transport and detector response simulation, including all relevant physical effects like charge creation and drift, charge collection, cross-talk and digitization. Of particular importance and novelty is the description of the time behaviour of the detector, since its readout will not be externally triggered but continuous. We also cover some aspects of local reconstruction, which in the CBM case has to be performed in real-time and thus requires high-speed algorithms.

Robert Frost and the Poetry of Physics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coletta, W. John; Tamres, David H.

1992-01-01

Examines five poems by Robert Frost that illustrate Frost's interest in science. The poems include allusions to renowned physicists, metaphoric descriptions of some famous physics experiments, explorations of complementarity as enunciated by Bohr, and poetic formulations of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. (20 references) (MDH)

Polarized radiance distribution measurements of skylight. I. System description and characterization.

PubMed

Voss, K J; Liu, Y

1997-08-20

A new system to measure the natural skylight polarized radiance distribution has been developed. The system is based on a fish-eye lens, CCD camera system, and filter changer. With this system sequences of images can be combined to determine the linear polarization components of the incident light field. Calibration steps to determine the system 's polarization characteristics are described. Comparisons of the radiance measurements of this system and a simple pointing radiometer were made in the field and agreed within 10 % for measurements at 560 and 670 nm and 25 % at 860 nm. Polarization tests were done in the laboratory. The accuracy of the intensity measurements is estimated to be 10 %, while the accuracy of measurements of elements of the Mueller matrix are estimated to be 2 %.

CRUMP 2003 Selected Water Sample Results

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Point locations and water sampling results performed in 2003 by the Church Rock Uranium Monitoring Project (CRUMP) a consortium of organizations (Navajo Nation Environmental Protection Agency, US Environmental Protection Agency, New Mexico Scientific Laboratory Division, Navajo Tribal Utility Authority and NM Water Quality Control Commission). Samples include general description of the wells sampled, general chemistry, heavy metals and aestheic parameters, and selected radionuclides. Here only six sampling results are presented in this point shapefile, including: Gross Alpha (U-Nat Ref.) (pCi/L), Gross Beta (Sr/Y-90 Ref.) (pCi/L), Radium-226 (pCi/L), Radium-228 (pCi/L), Total Uranium (pCi/L), and Uranium mass (ug/L). The CRUMP samples were collected in the area of Churchrock, NM in the Eastern AUM Region of the Navajo Nation.

Broadband Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm for freeform diffractive spectral filter design.

PubMed

Vorndran, Shelby; Russo, Juan M; Wu, Yuechen; Pelaez, Silvana Ayala; Kostuk, Raymond K

2015-11-30

A multi-wavelength expansion of the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) algorithm is developed to design and optimize a surface relief Diffractive Optical Element (DOE). The DOE simultaneously diffracts distinct wavelength bands into separate target regions. A description of the algorithm is provided, and parameters that affect filter performance are examined. Performance is based on the spectral power collected within specified regions on a receiver plane. The modified GS algorithm is used to design spectrum splitting optics for CdSe and Si photovoltaic (PV) cells. The DOE has average optical efficiency of 87.5% over the spectral bands of interest (400-710 nm and 710-1100 nm). Simulated PV conversion efficiency is 37.7%, which is 29.3% higher than the efficiency of the better performing PV cell without spectrum splitting optics.

Performance Evaluation of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Stair Ascent and Descent with Paraplegia*

PubMed Central

Farris, Ryan J.; Quintero, Hugo A.; Goldfarb, Michael

2013-01-01

This paper describes the application of a powered lower limb exoskeleton to aid paraplegic individuals in stair ascent and descent. A brief description of the exoskeleton hardware is provided along with an explanation of the control methodology implemented to allow stair ascent and descent. Tests were performed with a paraplegic individual (T10 complete injury level) and data is presented from multiple trials, including the hip and knee joint torque and power required to perform this functionality. Joint torque and power requirements are summarized, including peak hip and knee joint torque requirements of 0.75 Nm/kg and 0.87 Nm/kg, respectively, and peak hip and knee joint power requirements of approximately 0.65 W/kg and 0.85 W/kg, respectively. PMID:23366287

Physical state of interstellar atoms. [from Copernicus satellite UV data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

York, D. G.

1974-01-01

Brief survey of the physical conditions along the lines of sight to reddened and unreddened stars, as determined from Copernicus observation of interstellar lines between 95 and 300 nm. Differences in ionization structure and density between clouds and the local intercloud medium are discussed. Some new data for beta Centauri is used to supplement the previously available data.

The dynamics of femtosecond pulsed laser removal of 20 nm Ni films from an interface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schrider, Keegan J.; Yalisove, Steven M.; Torralva, Ben

2015-09-21

The dynamics of femtosecond laser removal of 20 nm Ni films on glass substrates was studied using time-resolved pump-probe microscopy. 20 nm thin films exhibit removal at two distinct threshold fluences, removal of the top 7 nm of Ni above 0.14 J/cm{sup 2}, and removal of the entire 20 nm film above 0.36 J/cm{sup 2}. Previous work shows the top 7 nm is removed through liquid spallation, after irradiation the Ni melts and rapidly expands leading to tensile stress and cavitation within the Ni film. This work shows that above 0.36 J/cm{sup 2} the 20 nm film is removed in two distinct layers, 7 nm and 13 nm thick. The topmore » 7 nm layer reaches a speed 500% faster than the bottom 13 nm layer at the same absorbed fluence, 500–2000 m/s and 300–700 m/s in the fluence ranges studied. Significantly different velocities for the top 7 nm layer and bottom 13 nm layer indicate removal from an interface occurs by a different physical mechanism. The method of measuring film displacement from the development of Newton's rings was refined so it could be shown that the 13 nm layer separates from the substrate within 70 ps and accelerates to its final velocity within several hundred picoseconds. We propose that removal of the bottom 13 nm is consistent with heterogeneous nucleation and growth of vapor at the Ni-glass interface, but that the rapid separation and acceleration of the 13 nm layer from the Ni-glass interface requires consideration of exotic phases of Ni after excitation.« less

Size-dependent in vivo toxicity of PEG-coated gold nanoparticles

PubMed Central

Zhang, Xiao-Dong; Wu, Di; Shen, Xiu; Liu, Pei-Xun; Yang, Na; Zhao, Bin; Zhang, Hao; Sun, Yuan-Ming; Zhang, Liang-An; Fan, Fei-Yue

2011-01-01

Background Gold nanoparticle toxicity research is currently leading towards the in vivo experiment. Most toxicology data show that the surface chemistry and physical dimensions of gold nanoparticles play an important role in toxicity. Here, we present the in vivo toxicity of 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles in mice. Methods Animal survival, weight, hematology, morphology, organ index, and biochemistry were characterized at a concentration of 4000 μg/kg over 28 days. Results The PEG-coated gold particles did not cause an obvious decrease in body weight or appreciable toxicity even after their breakdown in vivo. Biodistribution results show that 5 nm and 10 nm particles accumulated in the liver and that 30 nm particles accumulated in the spleen, while the 60 nm particles did not accumulate to an appreciable extent in either organ. Transmission electron microscopic observations showed that the 5, 10, 30, and 60 nm particles located in the blood and bone marrow cells, and that the 5 and 60 nm particles aggregated preferentially in the blood cells. The increase in spleen index and thymus index shows that the immune system can be affected by these small nanoparticles. The 10 nm gold particles induced an increase in white blood cells, while the 5 nm and 30 nm particles induced a decrease in white blood cells and red blood cells. The biochemistry results show that the 10 nm and 60 nm PEG-coated gold nanoparticles caused a significant increase in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels, indicating slight damage to the liver. Conclusion The toxicity of PEG-coated gold particles is complex, and it cannot be concluded that the smaller particles have greater toxicity. The toxicity of the 10 nm and 60 nm particles was obviously higher than that of the 5 nm and 30 nm particles. The metabolism of these particles and protection of the liver will be more important issues for medical applications of gold-based nanomaterials in future. PMID:21976982

Highly periodic laser-induced nanostructures on thin Ti and Cu foils for potential application in laser ion acceleration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, Susanta Kumar, E-mail: skdasfpy@kiit.ac.in; Andreev, Alexander; Braenzel, Julia

2016-03-21

The feasibility of femtosecond laser-induced periodic nanostructures on thin Ti and Cu foils (thickness down to 1 μm) is demonstrated. At pulse durations of 120 fs and a wavelength of 400 nm, periods of 61 nm to 320 nm were obtained. Particle-in-cell simulations of laser ion acceleration processes with such nanostructured targets indicate their potential for high energy particle physics applications. In particular, a measurable enhancement of the proton cut-off energy and a significant enhancement of the number of accelerated particles compared to non- or weakly structured targets of same thickness and material are expected.

Physical Functioning, Physical Activity, Exercise Self-Efficacy, and Quality of Life Among Individuals With Chronic Heart Failure in Korea: A Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study.

PubMed

Lee, Haejung; Boo, Sunjoo; Yu, Jihyoung; Suh, Soon-Rim; Chun, Kook Jin; Kim, Jong Hyun

2017-04-01

Both the beneficial relationship between exercise and quality of life and the important role played by exercise self-efficacy in maintaining an exercise regimen among individuals with chronic heart failure are well known. However, most nursing interventions for Korean patients with chronic heart failure focus only on providing education related to risk factors and symptoms. Little information is available regarding the influence of physical functions, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy on quality of life. This study was conducted to examine the impact of physical functioning, physical activity, and exercise self-efficacy on quality of life among individuals with chronic heart failure. This study used a cross-sectional descriptive design. Data were collected from 116 outpatients with chronic heart failure in Korea. Left ventricular ejection fraction and New York Heart Association classifications were chart reviewed. Information pertaining to levels of physical activity, exercise self-efficacy, and quality of life were collected using self-administered questionnaires. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t tests, analyses of variance, correlations, and hierarchical multiple regressions. About 60% of participants were physically inactive, and most showed relatively low exercise self-efficacy. The mean quality-of-life score was 80.09. The significant correlates for quality of life were poverty, functional status, physical inactivity, and exercise self-efficacy. Collectively, these four variables accounted for 50% of the observed total variance in quality of life. Approaches that focus on enhancing exercise self-efficacy may improve patient-centered outcomes in those with chronic heart failure. In light of the low level of exercise self-efficacy reported and the demonstrated ability of this factor to predict quality of life, the development of effective strategies to enhance exercise self-efficacy offers a novel and effective approach to improving the quality of life of patients with chronic heart failure. Nurses should be proactive in advising patients with chronic heart failure to be more physically active and to enhance their self-confidence in diverse ways.

Environmental and Community Health: Individualized Health Incentive Program Modules for Physically Disabled Students for Grades Kindergarten Through Twelve. Teacher's Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reggio, Kathryn D.; And Others

The fourth in a series of health education modules for physically handicapped students (grades K-12) centers on environmental and community health. Considered in an introductory section are definitions and descriptions of nine types of physical disabilities, and reviewed are learning activities in environmental and community health at The Human…

Strange but True: The Physics of Glass, Gels and Jellies Is All Related through Rheology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sarker, Dipak K.

2017-01-01

Rheology is an enormously far-reaching branch of physics (or physical chemistry) and has a number of different guises. Rheological descriptions define fluids, semi-solids and conventional solids, and the application of this science defines the performance and utility of materials and substances as diverse as foods (such as yogurt and marmalade),…

Aerosol physical and chemical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements during heavy haze days in Beijing winter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Z. Q.; Gu, X.; Wang, L.; Li, D.; Li, K.; Dubovik, O.; Schuster, G.; Goloub, P.; Zhang, Y.; Li, L.; Xie, Y.; Ma, Y.; Xu, H.

2013-02-01

With the development of economy in the past thirty years, many large cities in the eastern and southwestern China are experiencing increased haze events and atmospheric pollution, causing significant impacts on the regional environment and even climate. However, knowledge on the aerosol physical and chemical properties in heavy haze conditions is still insufficient. In this study, two winter heavy haze events in Beijing occurred in 2011 and 2012 were selected and investigated by using the ground-based remote sensing measurements. We used CIMEL CE318 sun-sky radiometer to derive haze aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, complex refractive indices and fractions of chemical components like black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), mineral dust (DU), ammonium sulfate-like (AS) components and aerosol water content (AW). The retrieval results from a total of five haze days showed that the aerosol loading and properties during the two winter haze events were relatively stable. Therefore, a parameterized heavy haze characterization was drawn to present a research case for future studies. The averaged AOD is 3.2 at 440 nm and Ångström exponent is 1.3 from 440-870 nm. The coarse particles occupied a considerable fraction of the bimodal size distribution in winter haze events, with the mean particle radius of 0.21 and 2.9 μm for the fine and coarse mode respectively. The real part of the refractive indices exhibited a relatively flat spectral behavior with an average value of 1.48 from 440 to 1020 nm. The imaginary part showed obviously spectral variation with the value at 440 nm (about 0.013) higher than other three wavelengths (e.g. about 0.008 at 675 nm). The chemical composition retrieval results showed that BC, BrC, DU, AS and AW occupied 1%, 2%, 49%, 15% and 33% respectively on average for the investigated haze events. The comparison of these remote sensing results with in situ BC and PM2.5 measurements were also presented in the paper.

Solvatochromism and linear solvation energy relationship of the kinase inhibitor SKF86002

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khattab, Muhammad; Van Dongen, Madeline; Wang, Feng; Clayton, Andrew H. A.

2017-01-01

We studied the spectroscopic characteristics of SKF86002, an anti-inflammatory and tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug candidate. Two conformers SKF86002A and SKF86002B are separated by energy barriers of 19.68 kJ·mol- 1 and 6.65 kJ·mol- 1 due to H-bonds, and produce the three major UV-Vis absorption bands at 325 nm, 260 nm and 210 nm in cyclohexane solutions. This environment-sensitive fluorophore exhibited emission in the 400-500 nm range with a marked response to changes in environment polarity. By using twenty-two solvents for the solvatochromism study, it was noticed that solvent polarity, represented by dielectric constant, was well correlated with the emission wavelength maxima of SKF86002. Thus, the SKF86002 fluorescence peak red shifted in aprotic solvents from 397.5 nm in cyclohexane to 436 nm in DMSO. While the emission maximum in hydrogen donating solvents ranged from 420 nm in t-butanol to 446 nm in N-methylformamide. Employing Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev and Kawski models, we found that one linear correlation provided a satisfactory description of polarity effect of 18 solvents on the spectral changes of SKF86002 with R2 values 0.78, 0.80 and 0.80, respectively. Additionally, the multicomponent linear regression analysis of Kamlet-Taft (R2 = 0.94) revealed that solvent acidity, basicity and polarity accounted for 31%, 24% and 45% of solvent effects on SKF86002 emission, respectively. While Catalán correlation (R2 = 0.92) revealed that solvatochromic change of SKF86002 emission was attributed to changes in solvent dipolarity (71%), solvent polarity (12%), solvent acidity (11%) and solvent basicity (6%). Plot of Reichardt transition energies and emission energies of SKF86002 in 18 solvents showed also a linear correlation with R2 = 0.90. The dipole moment difference between excited and ground state was calculated to be 3.4-3.5 debye.

Solvatochromism and linear solvation energy relationship of the kinase inhibitor SKF86002.

PubMed

Khattab, Muhammad; Van Dongen, Madeline; Wang, Feng; Clayton, Andrew H A

2017-01-05

We studied the spectroscopic characteristics of SKF86002, an anti-inflammatory and tyrosine kinase inhibitor drug candidate. Two conformers SKF86002A and SKF86002B are separated by energy barriers of 19.68kJ·mol(-1) and 6.65kJ·mol(-1) due to H-bonds, and produce the three major UV-Vis absorption bands at 325nm, 260nm and 210nm in cyclohexane solutions. This environment-sensitive fluorophore exhibited emission in the 400-500nm range with a marked response to changes in environment polarity. By using twenty-two solvents for the solvatochromism study, it was noticed that solvent polarity, represented by dielectric constant, was well correlated with the emission wavelength maxima of SKF86002. Thus, the SKF86002 fluorescence peak red shifted in aprotic solvents from 397.5nm in cyclohexane to 436nm in DMSO. While the emission maximum in hydrogen donating solvents ranged from 420nm in t-butanol to 446nm in N-methylformamide. Employing Lippert-Mataga, Bakhshiev and Kawski models, we found that one linear correlation provided a satisfactory description of polarity effect of 18 solvents on the spectral changes of SKF86002 with R(2) values 0.78, 0.80 and 0.80, respectively. Additionally, the multicomponent linear regression analysis of Kamlet-Taft (R(2)=0.94) revealed that solvent acidity, basicity and polarity accounted for 31%, 24% and 45% of solvent effects on SKF86002 emission, respectively. While Catalán correlation (R(2)=0.92) revealed that solvatochromic change of SKF86002 emission was attributed to changes in solvent dipolarity (71%), solvent polarity (12%), solvent acidity (11%) and solvent basicity (6%). Plot of Reichardt transition energies and emission energies of SKF86002 in 18 solvents showed also a linear correlation with R(2)=0.90. The dipole moment difference between excited and ground state was calculated to be 3.4-3.5debye. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Laser Cooling and Trapping of Atoms and Particles

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-16

AFOSR-88-0349 .THOM Professor Steven Chu 7. p G O3AWuT.o NM(s) =amiss(,s) ’ ,& . 6o* oftU wm, Stanford University P Mum.. Dept of Physics Stanford CA...provided that small dielectric spheres are attached to the ends of the DNA. We are currently testing many of the basic tenants of polymer physics at...A 17,000 word article for the Encyclopedia Britannica covering all aspects of "Spectroscopy", shorter entries for the Encyclopedia of Physics and

Evaluating the Global Precipitation Measurement mission with NOAA/NSSL Multi-Radar Multisensor: current status and future directions.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kirstetter, P. E.; Petersen, W. A.; Gourley, J. J.; Kummerow, C. D.; Huffman, G. J.; Turk, J.; Tanelli, S.; Maggioni, V.; Anagnostou, E. N.; Hong, Y.; Schwaller, M.

2016-12-01

Natural gas production via hydraulic fracturing of shale has proliferated on a global scale, yet recovery factors remain low because production strategies are not based on the physics of flow in shale reservoirs. In particular, the physical mechanisms and time scales of depletion from the matrix into the simulated fracture network are not well understood, limiting the potential to optimize operations and reduce environmental impacts. Studying matrix flow is challenging because shale is heterogeneous and has porosity from the μm- to nm-scale. Characterizing nm-scale flow paths requires electron microscopy but the limited field of view does not capture the connectivity and heterogeneity observed at the mm-scale. Therefore, pore-scale models must link to larger volumes to simulate flow on the reservoir-scale. Upscaled models must honor the physics of flow, but at present there is a gap between cm-scale experiments and μm-scale simulations based on ex situ image data. To address this gap, we developed a synchrotron X-ray microscope with an in situ cell to simultaneously visualize and measure flow. We perform coupled flow and microtomography experiments on mm-scale samples from the Barnett, Eagle Ford and Marcellus reservoirs. We measure permeability at various pressures via the pulse-decay method to quantify effective stress dependence and the relative contributions of advective and diffusive mechanisms. Images at each pressure step document how microfractures, interparticle pores, and organic matter change with effective stress. Linking changes in the pore network to flow measurements motivates a physical model for depletion. To directly visualize flow, we measure imbibition rates using inert, high atomic number gases and image periodically with monochromatic beam. By imaging above/below X-ray adsorption edges, we magnify the signal of gas saturation in μm-scale porosity and nm-scale, sub-voxel features. Comparing vacuumed and saturated states yields image-based measurements of the distribution and time scales of imbibition. We also characterize nm-scale structure via focused ion beam tomography to quantify sub-voxel porosity and connectivity. The multi-scale image and flow data is used to develop a framework to upscale and benchmark pore-scale models.

Visualizing and measuring flow in shale matrix using in situ synchrotron X-ray microtomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohli, A. H.; Kiss, A. M.; Kovscek, A. R.; Bargar, J.

2017-12-01

Natural gas production via hydraulic fracturing of shale has proliferated on a global scale, yet recovery factors remain low because production strategies are not based on the physics of flow in shale reservoirs. In particular, the physical mechanisms and time scales of depletion from the matrix into the simulated fracture network are not well understood, limiting the potential to optimize operations and reduce environmental impacts. Studying matrix flow is challenging because shale is heterogeneous and has porosity from the μm- to nm-scale. Characterizing nm-scale flow paths requires electron microscopy but the limited field of view does not capture the connectivity and heterogeneity observed at the mm-scale. Therefore, pore-scale models must link to larger volumes to simulate flow on the reservoir-scale. Upscaled models must honor the physics of flow, but at present there is a gap between cm-scale experiments and μm-scale simulations based on ex situ image data. To address this gap, we developed a synchrotron X-ray microscope with an in situ cell to simultaneously visualize and measure flow. We perform coupled flow and microtomography experiments on mm-scale samples from the Barnett, Eagle Ford and Marcellus reservoirs. We measure permeability at various pressures via the pulse-decay method to quantify effective stress dependence and the relative contributions of advective and diffusive mechanisms. Images at each pressure step document how microfractures, interparticle pores, and organic matter change with effective stress. Linking changes in the pore network to flow measurements motivates a physical model for depletion. To directly visualize flow, we measure imbibition rates using inert, high atomic number gases and image periodically with monochromatic beam. By imaging above/below X-ray adsorption edges, we magnify the signal of gas saturation in μm-scale porosity and nm-scale, sub-voxel features. Comparing vacuumed and saturated states yields image-based measurements of the distribution and time scales of imbibition. We also characterize nm-scale structure via focused ion beam tomography to quantify sub-voxel porosity and connectivity. The multi-scale image and flow data is used to develop a framework to upscale and benchmark pore-scale models.

Learning class descriptions from a data base of spectral reflectance of soil samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kimes, D. S.; Irons, J. R.; Levine, E. R.; Horning, N. A.

1993-01-01

Consideration is given to a program developed to learn class descriptions from positive and negative training examples of spectral reflectance data of bare soils. It is a combination of 'learning by example' and the generate-and-test paradigm and is designed to provide a robust learning environment that can handle error-prone data. The program was tested by having it learn class descriptions of various categories of organic carbon content, iron oxide content, and particle size distribution in soils. These class descriptions were then used to classify an array of targets. The program found the sequence of relationships between bands that contained the most important information to distinguish the classes. Physical explanations for the class descriptions obtained are presented.

The ambiguity of simplicity in quantum and classical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aghamohammadi, Cina; Mahoney, John R.; Crutchfield, James P.

2017-04-01

A system's perceived simplicity depends on whether it is represented classically or quantally. This is not so surprising, as classical and quantum physics are descriptive frameworks built on different assumptions that capture, emphasize, and express different properties and mechanisms. What is surprising is that, as we demonstrate, simplicity is ambiguous: the relative simplicity between two systems can change sign when moving between classical and quantum descriptions. Here, we associate simplicity with small model-memory. We see that the notions of absolute physical simplicity at best form a partial, not a total, order. This suggests that appeals to principles of physical simplicity, via Ockham's Razor or to the ;elegance; of competing theories, may be fundamentally subjective. Recent rapid progress in quantum computation and quantum simulation suggest that the ambiguity of simplicity will strongly impact statistical inference and, in particular, model selection.

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia probed by both calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guibert, Clément; Fresnais, Jérôme; Peyre, Véronique; Dupuis, Vincent

2017-01-01

In this paper, we report an investigation of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) using combined calorimetric and newly implemented dynamic hysteresis measurements for two sets of well characterized size-sorted maghemite nanoparticles (with diameters of about 10 nm and 20 nm) dispersed in water and in glycerol. Our primary goal was to assess the influence of viscosity on the heating efficiency of magnetic nanoparticles described in terms of specific loss power (SLP or specific absorption rate, SAR) and dynamic hysteresis. In particular, we aimed to investigate how this SLP depends on the transition from Néelian to Brownian behavior of nanoparticles expected to occur between 10 nm and 20 nm (for maghemite) and dependent on the viscosity. While we observed a good agreement between calorimetric and dynamic hysteresis measurements, we found that the SLP measured for the different systems do not depend noticeably on the viscosity of solvent. Calculations performed according to Rosensweig's linear model [1] allow us to quantitatively reproduce our results at low field intensities, provided we use a value for the magnetic anisotropy constant much smaller than the one commonly used in the literature. This raises the question of the temperature dependance of the magnetic anisotropy constant and its relevance for a quantitative description of MFH.

Influence of substrate and film thickness on polymer LIPSS formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, Jing; Nogales, Aurora; Ezquerra, Tiberio A.; Rebollar, Esther

2017-02-01

Here we focus on the influence of both, substrate and film thickness on polymer Laser Induced Periodic Surface Structures (LIPSS) formation in polymer films. For this aim a morphological description of ripples structures generated on spin-coated polystyrene (PS) films by a linearly polarized laser beam with a wavelength of 266 nm is presented. The influence of different parameters on the quality and characteristics of the formed laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) was investigated. We found that well-ordered LIPSS are formed either on PS films thinner than 200 nm or thicker than 400 nm supported on silicon substrates as well as on thicker free standing films. However less-ordered ripples are formed on silicon supported films with intermediate thicknesses in the range of 200-380 nm. The effect of the thermal and optical properties of the substrate on the quality of LIPSS was analyzed. Differences observed in the fluence and number of pulses needed for the onset of surface morphological modifications is explained considering two main effects which are: (1) The temperature increase on polymer surface induced by the action of cumulative laser irradiation and (2) The differences in thermal conductivity between the polymer and the substrate which strongly affect the heat dissipation generated by irradiation.

Roller Skating; Physical Education: 9.8414.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amacker, Kathy; Mikell, Lenora

GRADES OR AGES: Grades 7-12. SUBJECT MATTER: Methods and procedures of roller skating. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The contents are divided into six areas, which are Course Guidelines, Course Description and Accreditation Standard Broad Goal, Course of Study Behavioral Objectives, Course Content, Learning Activities and Teaching…

A study program for geodetic satellite applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pearlman, M. R.

1972-01-01

The work is reported on support of the GEOS-C Program, National Geodetic Satellite program, and the Earth Physics Program. The statement of work, and a description of the GEOS-C are presented along with the trip reports, and the Earth and Ocean Physics Application program.

Tracing how normative messages may influence physical activity intention

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Normative messages have been shown to increase intention to do physical activity (PA). We traced how 'positive' and 'negative' normative messages influenced PA intention by comparing constructs of the model of goal-directed behaviour with descriptive norms (MGDB+DN) across control and treatment grou...

77 FR 2730 - Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-19

...-Evaluation Assessments of Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity Programs and Policies--New--National... Prevention (CDC). Background and Brief Description The causes of obesity in the United States are complex and... jurisdictions funded through CDC's Nutrition, Physical Activity and Obesity (NPAO) cooperative agreement program...

Structural Acoustic Physics Based Modeling of Curved Composite Shells

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-09-19

Results show that the finite element computational models accurately match analytical calculations, and that the composite material studied in this...products. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Finite Element Analysis, Structural Acoustics, Fiber-Reinforced Composites, Physics-Based Modeling 16. SECURITY...2 4 FINITE ELEMENT MODEL DESCRIPTION

Environmental Topics for Introductory Physics Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodges, Laurent

1974-01-01

Presents selected environmental references with comparatively detailed descriptions for the purpose of helping high school and college physics teachers in selecting materials for their course. The topics include thermal pollution, space heating and cooling, atmospheric temperature distribution, radiation balance of the earth, sound and noises, and…

A Computer Solution of the Parking Lot Problem.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rumble, Richard T.

A computer program has been developed that will accept as inputs the physical description of a portion of land, and the parking design standards to be followed. The program will then give as outputs the numerical and graphical descriptions of the maximum-density parking lot for that portion of land. The problem has been treated as a standard…

The Locus of the Focus of a Rolling Parabola

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agarwal, Anurag; Marengo, James

2010-01-01

The catenary is usually introduced as the shape assumed by a hanging flexible cable. This is a "physical" description of a catenary. In this article we give a "geometrical" description of a catenary. Specifically we show that the catenary is the locus of the focus of a certain parabola as it rolls on the x-axis.

Knowledge Worker Perceptions of Telework Policy in the New York Metropolitan Area: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slaughter, Sandra Lorraine Hawks

2013-01-01

This qualitative descriptive case study, "Knowledge Worker Perceptions of Telework in the New York Metropolitan Area," was conducted to explore the perceptions of knowledge workers who commute to a physical workplace in the New York Metropolitan area (NYMA). In-depth interviews were conducted with fourteen NYMA commuters who are…

Tidal Marshes: The Boundary between Land and Ocean.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gosselink, James

An overview of the ecology of the tidal marshes along the gulf coast of the United States is presented. The following topics are included: (1) the human impact on tidal marshes; (2) the geologic origins of tidal marshes; (3) a description of the physical characteristics and ecosystem of the marshlands; (4) a description of the marshland food chain…

Nurses' Learning Experiences with the Kinaesthetics Care Concept Training in a Nursing Home: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fringer, André; Huth, Martina; Hantikainen, Virpi

2015-01-01

In geriatric care, movement support skills of nurses are often limited, resulting in unnecessary functional decline of older adult residents and physical strain of nurses. Kinaesthetics training aims to improve movement competences of nurses and residents. The aim of this qualitative descriptive study is to describe nursing teams' experience with…

Pre-Service Physics Teachers’ Concept Mastery and the Challenges of Game Development on Physics Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saprudin, S.; Liliasari, L.; Prihatmanto, A. S.

2017-09-01

This study is a survey that aims to describe pre-service physics teachers’ concept mastery at a university in Ternate. Data were collected through test standard instrument for physics which used in the teacher certification program. Data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive technique. Based on the results of data analysis, it was concluded that generally pre-service physics teachers’ concept mastery can be categorized on low category (25.4%). The map of concept mastery will be used as a reference to developing game design in the physics learning context for pre-service physics teachers.

A Laser Stabilization System for Rydberg Atom Physics

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-06

offset locking method which we did. For each system, a small amount of light from a 852 nm (780 nm) diode laser is picked off from the output beam ...this way, tunable sidebands, from 1-10 GHz, that are themselves modulated at .05-5 MHz, can be generated on the input laser beam . The light from the...phase modulation signal. This signal is fed back into the fast (10 MHz bandwidth) locking electronics of the diode laser system to lock the laser to

Cardiovascular risk profile: cross-sectional analysis of motivational determinants, physical fitness and physical activity.

PubMed

Sassen, Barbara; Kok, Gerjo; Schaalma, Herman; Kiers, Henri; Vanhees, Luc

2010-10-07

Cardiovascular risk factors are associated with physical fitness and, to a lesser extent, physical activity. Lifestyle interventions directed at enhancing physical fitness in order to decrease the risk of cardiovascular diseases should be extended. To enable the development of effective lifestyle interventions for people with cardiovascular risk factors, we investigated motivational, social-cognitive determinants derived from the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and other relevant social psychological theories, next to physical activity and physical fitness. In the cross-sectional Utrecht Police Lifestyle Intervention Fitness and Training (UP-LIFT) study, 1298 employees (aged 18 to 62) were asked to complete online questionnaires regarding social-cognitive variables and physical activity. Cardiovascular risk factors and physical fitness (peak VO2) were measured. For people with one or more cardiovascular risk factors (78.7% of the total population), social-cognitive variables accounted for 39% (p < .001) of the variance in the intention to engage in physical activity for 60 minutes every day. Important correlates of intention to engage in physical activity were attitude (beta = .225, p < .001), self-efficacy (beta = .271, p < .001), descriptive norm (beta = .172, p < .001) and barriers (beta = -.169, p < .01). Social-cognitive variables accounted for 52% (p < .001) of the variance in physical active behaviour (being physical active for 60 minutes every day). The intention to engage in physical activity (beta = .469, p < .001) and self-efficacy (beta = .243, p < .001) were, in turn, important correlates of physical active behavior.In addition to the prediction of intention to engage in physical activity and physical active behavior, we explored the impact of the intensity of physical activity. The intensity of physical activity was only significantly related to physical active behavior (beta = .253, p < .01, R2 = .06, p < .001). An important goal of our study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness, the intensity of physical activity and social-cognitive variables. Physical fitness (R2 = .23, p < .001) was positively associated with physical active behavior (beta = .180, p < .01), self-efficacy (beta = .180, p < .01) and the intensity of physical activity (beta = .238, p < .01).For people with one or more cardiovascular risk factors, 39.9% had positive intentions to engage in physical activity and were also physically active, and 10.5% had a low intentions but were physically active. 37.7% had low intentions and were physically inactive, and about 11.9% had high intentions but were physically inactive. This study contributes to our ability to optimize cardiovascular risk profiles by demonstrating an important association between physical fitness and social-cognitive variables. Physical fitness can be predicted by physical active behavior as well as by self-efficacy and the intensity of physical activity, and the latter by physical active behavior.Physical active behavior can be predicted by intention, self-efficacy, descriptive norms and barriers. Intention to engage in physical activity by attitude, self-efficacy, descriptive norms and barriers. An important input for lifestyle changes for people with one or more cardiovascular risk factors was that for ca. 40% of the population the intention to engage in physical activity was in line with their actual physical active behavior.

Super-Resolution Microscopy Techniques and Their Potential for Applications in Radiation Biophysics.

PubMed

Eberle, Jan Philipp; Rapp, Alexander; Krufczik, Matthias; Eryilmaz, Marion; Gunkel, Manuel; Erfle, Holger; Hausmann, Michael

2017-01-01

Fluorescence microscopy is an essential tool for imaging tagged biological structures. Due to the wave nature of light, the resolution of a conventional fluorescence microscope is limited laterally to about 200 nm and axially to about 600 nm, which is often referred to as the Abbe limit. This hampers the observation of important biological structures and dynamics in the nano-scaled range ~10 nm to ~100 nm. Consequentially, various methods have been developed circumventing this limit of resolution. Super-resolution microscopy comprises several of those methods employing physical and/or chemical properties, such as optical/instrumental modifications and specific labeling of samples. In this article, we will give a brief insight into a variety of selected optical microscopy methods reaching super-resolution beyond the Abbe limit. We will survey three different concepts in connection to biological applications in radiation research without making a claim to be complete.

Classifying the Basic Parameters of Ultraviolet Copper Bromide Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gocheva-Ilieva, S. G.; Iliev, I. P.; Temelkov, K. A.; Vuchkov, N. K.; Sabotinov, N. V.

2009-10-01

The performance of deep ultraviolet copper bromide lasers is of great importance because of their applications in medicine, microbiology, high-precision processing of new materials, high-resolution laser lithography in microelectronics, high-density optical recording of information, laser-induced fluorescence in plasma and wide-gap semiconductors and more. In this paper we present a statistical study on the classification of 12 basic lasing parameters, by using different agglomerative methods of cluster analysis. The results are based on a big amount of experimental data for UV Cu+ Ne-CuBr laser with wavelengths 248.6 nm, 252.9 nm, 260.0 nm and 270.3 nm, obtained in Georgi Nadjakov Institute of Solid State Physics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences. The relevant influence of parameters on laser generation is also evaluated. The results are applicable in computer modeling and planning the experiments and further laser development with improved output characteristics.

Effectiveness of low level laser therapy for treating male infertility

PubMed Central

Vladimirovich Moskvin, Sergey; Ivanovich Apolikhin, Oleg

2018-01-01

In half of the cases, the infertility of the couple is due to the disorder of the male fertility. The leading factors that cause male infertility are urogenital infections, disorders of the immune system, testicular and prostate pathology, as well as endocrine disorders. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a very effective physical therapy method, used in many areas of medicine, including obstetrics and gynaecology, andrology and urology; and it is recommended as an integral part of the complex treatment of infertility. The literature review showed that LLLT is beneficial in treating male infertility. Laser can significantly improve the survival, motility and speed of movement of spermatozoa. Laser therapy of patients with prostatitis and vesiculitis can eliminate infiltrative-exudative changes, improve reproductive and copulatory functions. Local illumination of red (635 nm) and infrared (904 nm) spectra should be combined with intravenous laser blood illumination (ILBI) of red (635 nm) and ultraviolet (UV) (365 nm) spectra. PMID:29806585

Everlasting Dark Printing on Alumina by Laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Penide, J.; Quintero, F.; Arias-González, F.; Fernández, A.; del Val, J.; Comesaña, R.; Riveiro, A.; Lusquiños, F.; Pou, J.

Marks or prints are needed in almost every material, mainly for decorative or identification purposes. Despite alumina is widely employed in many different industries, the need of printing directly on its surface is still a complex problem. In this sense, lasers have largely demonstrated their high capacities to mark almost every material including ceramics, but performing dark permanent marks on alumina is still an open challenge. In this work we present the results of a comprehensive experimental analysis on the process of marking alumina by laser. Four different laser sources were used in this study: a fiber laser (1075 nm) and three diode pumped Nd:YVO4 lasers emitting at near-infrared (1064 nm), visible (532 nm) and ultraviolet (355 nm) wavelengths, respectively. The results obtained with the four lasers were compared and physical processes involved were explained in detail. Colorimetric analyses allowed to identify the optimal parameters and conditions to produce everlasting and high contrast marks on alumina.

Morphological evidence for phages in Xylella fastidiosa

PubMed Central

Chen, Jianchi; Civerolo, Edwin L

2008-01-01

Presumptive phage particles associated with Xylella fastidiosa strain Temecula-1 grown in PW broth were observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in ultrathin sections of bacterial cell-containing low speed centrifugation pellets and in partially purified preparations from CsCl equilibrium centrifugation density gradients. Ultrathin-sectioned cell pellets contained icosahedral particles of about 45 nm in diameter. Samples collected from CsCl density gradients revealed mostly non-tailed icosahedral but also tailed particles. The icosahedral particles could be divided into two types: a large type (about 45 nm) and a small type (about 30 nm). Filamentous phage-like particles (17 × 120 to 6,300 nm) were also observed. The presence of different types of phage-like particles resembling to those in several bacteriophage families provides new physical evidence, in addition to X. fastidiosa genomic information, that X. fastidiosa possesses active phages. This is the first report of phage particles released in X. fastidiosa cultures. PMID:18538030

Structural and magnetic properties of self-assembled cobalt on porous silicon; experimental and micromagnetic investigations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saidani, M.; Belkacem, W.; Bessais, L.; Mliki, N.

2017-08-01

In this paper, we report on self-assembled Co nanoparticles deposited in and on porous silicon (PS) matrix by using UHV evaporation. Four samples were prepared by varying the Co deposited thickness (t = 3, 5, 7 and 10 nm). All samples have been investigated by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Physical Properties Measurement System (PPMS). The increase of t has induced an increase of the nanoparticle diameter from 3 nm to about 150 nm. Referring to the magnetic characterizations, this increase has been followed by a single to multi-domain transition. Therefore, this has been evidenced by a switching from superparamagnetism to purely ferromagnetism accompanied by a change in the magnetic reversal dynamics. Thus, by performing micromagnetic calculation, we have shown that a transition from the uniform rotation to vortex state occurs at a critical diameter of about 55 nm.

Compact gain saturated plasma based X-ray lasers down to 6.9nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rocca, Jorge; Wang, Y.; Wang, S.; Rockwood, A.; Berrill, M.; Shlyaptsev, V.

2017-10-01

Plasma based soft x-ray amplifiers allow many experiments requiring bright, high energy soft x-ray laser pulses to be conducted in compact facilities. We have extended the wavelength of compact gain saturated x-ray lasers to 6.89 nm in a Ni-like Gd plasma generated by a Ti:Sa laser. Gain saturated laser operation was also obtained at 7.36 nm in Ni-like Sm. Isolectronic scaling and optimization of laser pre-pulse duration allowed us to also observe strong lasing at 6.6 nm and 6.1 nm in Ni-like Tb, and amplification at 6.4 nm and 5.89 nm in Ni-like Dy. The results were obtained by transient laser heating of solid targets with traveling wave excitation at progressively increased gracing incidence angles. We show that the optimum pump angle of incidence for collisional Ni-like lasers increases linearly with atomic number from Z =42 to Z =66, reaching 43 degrees for Ni-like Dy, in good agreement with hydrodynamic/atomic physics simulations. These results will enable single-shot nano-scale imaging and other application of sub-7 nm lasers to be performed at compact facilities. Work supported by Grant DE-FG02-4ER15592 of the Department of Energy, Office of Science, and by the National Science Foundation Grant ECCS 1509925.

Quantitative absorption data from thermally induced wavefront distortions on UV, Vis, and NIR optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mann, Klaus; Schäfer, Bernd; Leinhos, Uwe; Lübbecke, Maik

2017-11-01

A photothermal absorption measurement system was set up, deploying a Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor with extreme sensitivity to accomplish spatially resolved monitoring of thermally induced wavefront distortions. Photothermal absorption measurements in the near-infrared and deep ultra-violet spectral range are performed for the characterization of optical materials, utilizing a Yb fiber laser (λ = 1070 nm) and an excimer laser (193nm, 248nm) to induce thermal load. Wavefront deformations as low as 50pm (rms) can be registered, allowing for a rapid assessment of material quality. Absolute calibration of the absorption data is achieved by comparison with a thermal calculation. The method accomplishes not only to measure absorptances of plane optical elements, but also wavefront deformations and focal shifts in lenses as well as in complex optical systems, such as e.g. F-Theta objectives used in industrial high power laser applications. Along with a description of the technique we present results from absorption measurements on coated and uncoated optics at various laser wavelengths ranging from deep UV to near IR.

Description and phylogeny of a new microsporidium from the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller, 1766 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

PubMed

Bekircan, Çağrı; Bülbül, Ufuk; Güler, Halil I; Becnel, James J

2017-02-01

This study describes a new genus and species of microsporidia which is a pathogen of the elm leaf beetle, Xanthogaleruca luteola Muller, 1776 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). The beetles were collected from Istanbul in Turkey. All developmental stages are uninucleate and in direct contact with the host cell cytoplasm. Giemsa-stained mature spores are oval in shape and measured 3.40 ± 0.37 μm in length and 1.63 ± 0.20 μm in width. These uninucleate spores have an isofilar polar filament with 11 turns. The spore wall was trilaminar (75 to 115 nm) with a rugose, electron-dense exospore (34 to 45 nm) and a thickened, electron-lucent endospore (65 to 80 nm) overlaying the plasmalemma. Morphological, ultrastructural, and molecular features indicate that the described microsporidium is dissimilar to all known microsporidian taxa and confirm that it has different taxonomic characters than other microsporidia infecting X. luteola and is named here as Rugispora istanbulensis n. gen., n. sp.

Identification of Antipathogenic Bacterial Coral Symbionts Against Porites Ulcerative White Spots Disease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sa'adah, Nor; Sabdono, Agus; Diah Permata Wijayanti, dan

2018-02-01

Coral reef ecosystems are ecosystems that are vulnerable and susceptible to damage due to the exploitation of ocean resources. One of the factors that cause coral damage is the disease that attacks the coral. Porites Ulcerative White Spots (PUWS) is a coral disease found in Indonesia and attacks the coral genera Porites allegedly caused by pathogenic microbial attacks. The purpose of this study was to identify the symbiotic bacteria on healthy coral that have antipatogenic potency against PUWS. The method used in this research was descriptive explorative. Sampling was done in Kemujan Island, Karimunjawa. Bacteria were isolated from healthy coral and coral affected by PUWS disease. Streak method was used to purify coral bacteria, while overlay and agar diffusion were used to test antipathogenic activity. Bacterial identification was carried out based on polyphasic approach. The results of this study showed that coral bacterial symbionts have antipathogenic activity against PUWS disease. The selected bacteria NM 1.2, NM 1.3 and KPSH 5. NM1.2 were closely related to Pseudoalteromonas piscicida, Pseudoalteromonas flavipulchra and Bacillus flexus, respectively.

Modeling 13.3nm Fe XXIII Flare Emissions Using the GOES-R EXIS Instrument

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rook, H.; Thiemann, E.

2017-12-01

The solar EUV spectrum is dominated by atomic transitions in ionized atoms in the solar atmosphere. As solar flares evolve, plasma temperatures and densities change, influencing abundances of various ions, changing intensities of different EUV wavelengths observed from the sun. Quantifying solar flare spectral irradiance is important for constraining models of Earth's atmosphere, improving communications quality, and controlling satellite navigation. However, high time cadence measurements of flare irradiance across the entire EUV spectrum were not available prior to the launch of SDO. The EVE MEGS-A instrument aboard SDO collected 0.1nm EUV spectrum data from 2010 until 2014, when the instrument failed. No current or future instrument is capable of similar high resolution and time cadence EUV observation. This necessitates a full EUV spectrum model to study EUV phenomena at Earth. It has been recently demonstrated that one hot flare EUV line, such as the 13.3nm Fe XXIII line, can be used to model cooler flare EUV line emissions, filling the role of MEGS-A. Since unblended measurements of Fe XXIII are typically unavailable, a proxy for the Fe XXIII line must be found. In this study, we construct two models of this line, first using the GOES 0.1-0.8nm soft x-ray (SXR) channel as the Fe XXIII proxy, and second using a physics-based model dependent on GOES emission measure and temperature data. We determine that the more sophisticated physics-based model shows better agreement with Fe XXIII measurements, although the simple proxy model also performs well. We also conclude that the high correlation between Fe XXIII emissions and the GOES 0.1-0.8nm band is because both emissions tend to peak near the GOES emission measure peak despite large differences in their contribution functions.

The Colour of Bubbles

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huang, Ding-wei; Huang, Wei-neng; Tseng, Hsiang-chi

2005-01-01

Students of General Physics often complain that the course is too abstract and remote from daily life. As teachers, we emphasize that the abstract concepts of physics are indispensable for understanding our daily experiences, and we try to give the impression that quantitative descriptions can be achieved by adopting concrete mathematical…

A Practical and Convenient Diffusion Apparatus: An Undergraduate Physical Chemistry Experiment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifford, Ben; Ochiai, E. I.

1980-01-01

Described is a diffusion apparatus to be used in an undergraduate physical chemistry laboratory experiment to determine the diffusion coefficients of aqueous solutions of sucrose and potassium dichromate. Included is the principle of the method, apparatus design and description, and experimental procedure. (Author/DS)

40 CFR 221.1 - Applications for permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Applications for general, special, emergency, and research permits under section 102 of the Act may be filed... equipment; (c) Adequate physical and chemical description of material to be dumped, including results of tests necessary to apply the Criteria, and the number, size, and physical configuration of any...

40 CFR 221.1 - Applications for permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Applications for general, special, emergency, and research permits under section 102 of the Act may be filed... equipment; (c) Adequate physical and chemical description of material to be dumped, including results of tests necessary to apply the Criteria, and the number, size, and physical configuration of any...

40 CFR 221.1 - Applications for permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... for general, special, emergency, and research permits under section 102 of the Act may be filed with... equipment; (c) Adequate physical and chemical description of material to be dumped, including results of tests necessary to apply the Criteria, and the number, size, and physical configuration of any...

40 CFR 221.1 - Applications for permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Applications for general, special, emergency, and research permits under section 102 of the Act may be filed... equipment; (c) Adequate physical and chemical description of material to be dumped, including results of tests necessary to apply the Criteria, and the number, size, and physical configuration of any...

40 CFR 221.1 - Applications for permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... Applications for general, special, emergency, and research permits under section 102 of the Act may be filed... equipment; (c) Adequate physical and chemical description of material to be dumped, including results of tests necessary to apply the Criteria, and the number, size, and physical configuration of any...

Sensational Studies in Marine Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, E. C., Jr.; Schroyer, Fred C.

1981-01-01

Presents a description of a five-week summer course in marine biology and oceanography offered to college-bound, secondary students with varied physical handicaps. Summarizes insights gained after four summer sessions related to communication problems, physical arrangements for the wheelchair-bound, and handicap-proof maps; evaluates the course's…

Research relative to atmosphere physics and spacecraft applications studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenwood, Stuart W.

1987-01-01

Progress is reported in several areas of research. Brief descriptions are given in each of the following areas: Spacelab data analysis; San Marco activity; Molecular physics; Stellar energy analysis; Troposphere data analysis; Voyager encounter analysis; Laser activity; Gravity wave study; Venus studies; and Shuttle environmental studies.

The power laws of nanoscale forces in ambient conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiesa, Matteo; Santos, Sergio; Lai, Chia-Yun

Power laws are ubiquitous in the physical sciences and indispensable to qualitatively and quantitatively describe physical phenomena. A nanoscale force law that accurately describes the phenomena observed in ambient conditions at several nm or fractions of a nm above a surface however is still lacking. Here we report a power law derived from experimental data and describing the interaction between an atomic force microscope AFM tip modelled as a sphere and a surface in ambient conditions. By employing a graphite surface as a model system the resulting effective power is found to be a function of the tip radius and the distance. The data suggest a nano to mesoscale transition in the power law that results in relative agreement with the distance-dependencies predicted by the Hamaker and Lifshitz theories for van der Waals forces for the larger tip radii only

Fundamental neutron physics beamline at the spallation neutron source at ORNL

DOE PAGES

Fomin, N.; Greene, G. L.; Allen, R. R.; ...

2014-11-04

In this paper, we describe the Fundamental Neutron Physics Beamline (FnPB) facility located at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The FnPB was designed for the conduct of experiments that investigate scientific issues in nuclear physics, particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology using a pulsed slow neutron beam. Finally, we present a detailed description of the design philosophy, beamline components, and measured fluxes of the polychromatic and monochromatic beams.

Research amongst Physical Therapists in the State of Kuwait: Participation, Perception, Attitude and Barriers

PubMed Central

Aljadi, Sameera H.; Alrowayeh, Hesham N.; Alotaibi, Naser M.; Taaqi, Maqdad M.; Alquraini, Habib; Alshatti, Talal A.

2013-01-01

Objectives The objectives of this descriptive study were to investigate the attitudes and perceptions of physical therapists regarding research, the intention to engage in research and the barriers to participating in research amongst physical therapists in the State of Kuwait. Subjects and Methods A previously validated questionnaire was distributed to 200 non-randomly selected physical therapists. The questionnaire gathered demographic data as well as information regarding research-related activities. Descriptive statistics, frequency and χ2 analyses were used in this study. Results Of the 200 questionnaires distributed to physical therapists 122 (61%) were completed and returned. The physical therapists had a positive attitude towards reading these findings in order to update their knowledge. However, only 16 (17%) of the physical therapists participated in clinical research. The common reasons given were: minimal role and reduced ability, intention and level of engagement in initiating research, probably due to work overload, time constraints and limited access to resources. Conclusions Physical therapists in Kuwait had a positive attitude towards the application of research findings to their practice. However, they were not confident in initiating research due to work overload and lack of time as well as limited access to library resources. Therefore, we recommend stimulation to engage in research activities to be a requirement and to develop a system to improve the skills and knowledge of doing research. PMID:23988758

Self-Consistent Physical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes in Composite Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pipes, R. B.; Frankland, S. J. V.; Hubert, P.; Saether, E.; Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

A set of relationships is developed for selected physical properties of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN) and their hexagonal arrays as a function of nanotube size in terms of the chiral vector integer pair, (n,m). Properties include density, principal Young's modulus, and specific Young's modulus. Relationships between weight fraction and volume fraction of SWCN and their arrays are developed for polymeric mixtures.

Consciousness and values in the quantum universe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stapp, H.P.

1985-01-01

Application of quantum mechanical description to neurophysiological processes appears to provide for a natural unification of the physical and humanistic sciences. The categories of thought used to represent physical and psychical processes become united, and the mechanical conception of man created by classical physics is replaced by a profoundly different quantum conception. This revised image of man allows human values to be rooted in contemporary science.

Effect of Teacher's Qualification on the Performance of Senior Secondary School Physics Students: Implication on Technology in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owolabi, Olabode Thomas; Adedayo, Julius Olugbenga

2012-01-01

The study examined the effect of teacher's qualification on the performance of Senior Secondary School students in Physics. The purpose was to determine whether the status of the teacher has any impact on the performance of the students in Physics. The survey type of descriptive research design was adopted. The sample for the study consisted of…

Spacelab mission 1 experiment descriptions, third edition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Craven, P. D. (Editor)

1983-01-01

Experiments and facilities selected for flight on the first Spacelab mission are described. Chosen from responses to the Announcement of Opportunity for the Spacelab 1 mission, the experiments cover five broad areas of investigation: atmospheric physics and Earth observations; space plasma physics; astronomy and solar physics; material sciences and technology; and life sciences. The name of the principal investigator and country is listed for each experiment.

Giant Pockels effect in ZnO-F films deposited on bare glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kityk, I. V.; Ebothe, J.; El Hichou, A.; Addou, M.; Bougrine, A.; Sahraoui, B.

2002-06-01

A giant linear electro-optics (Pockels) effect (up to 17 pm V-1) (for wavelength about 435 nm) in ZnO crystalline films doped with fluorine and deposited on bare glass has been found. For description of the observed phenomenon, a complex approach including self-consistent band structure calculations together with an appropriate molecular dynamics simulation of the interface structure was applied. Experimental ellipsometric and refractive index measurements confirm an efficiency of the mentioned approach for description of the observed interface (between the film and glass) processes. The origin of the observed effect is caused by substantial non-centrosymmetric charge density distribution between the ZnO wurtzite-like crystalline films and the bare glass substrate, as well as by additional charge density polarization caused by fluorine atoms.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Taehoon; Jung, Yong Chan; Seong, Sejong

The metal gate electrodes of Ni, W, and Pt have been investigated for their scavenging effect: a reduction of the GeO{sub x} interfacial layer (IL) between HfO{sub 2} dielectric and Ge substrate in metal/HfO{sub 2}/GeO{sub x}/Ge capacitors. All the capacitors were fabricated using the same process except for the material used in the metal electrodes. Capacitance-voltage measurements, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy were conducted to confirm the scavenging of GeO{sub x} IL. Interestingly, these metals are observed to remotely scavenge the interfacial layer, reducing its thickness in the order of Ni, W, and then Pt. Themore » capacitance equivalent thickness of these capacitors with Ni, W, and Pt electrodes are evaluated to be 2.7 nm, 3.0 nm, and 3.5 nm, and each final remnant physical thickness of GeO{sub x} IL layer is 1.1 nm 1.4 nm, and 1.9 nm, respectively. It is suggested that the scavenging effect induced by the metal electrodes is related to the concentration of oxygen vacancies generated by oxidation reaction at the metal/HfO{sub 2} interface.« less

Cryogenic Lifetime Studies of 130 nm and 65 nm CMOS Technologies for High-Energy Physics Experiments

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoff, James R.; Deptuch, G. W.; Wu, Guoying

2015-06-04

The Long Baseline Neutrino Facility intends to use unprecedented volumes of liquid argon to fill a time projection chamber in an underground facility. Research is under way to place the electronics inside the cryostat. For reasons of efficiency and economics, the lifetimes of these circuits must be well in excess of 20 years. The principle mechanism for lifetime degradation of MOSFET devices and circuits operating at cryogenic temperatures is hot carrier degradation. Choosing a process technology that is, as much as possible, immune to such degradation and developing design techniques to avoid exposure to such damage are the goals. This,more » then, requires careful investigation and a basic understanding of the mechanisms that underlie hot carrier degradation and the secondary effects they cause in circuits. In this work, commercially available 130 nm and 65 nm nMOS transistors operating at cryogenic temperatures are investigated. Our results show that both technologies achieve the lifetimes required by the experiment. Minimal design changes are necessary in the case of the 130 nm process and no changes whatsoever are necessary for the 65 nm process.« less

Preparation and physical properties of polycrystalline (Bi1-xPbx)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy high T c superconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Awan, M. S.; Maqsood, M.; Mirza, S. A.; Yousaf, M.; Maqsood, A.

1995-02-01

(Bi1-xPbx:)2Sr2Ca2Cu3Oy ( x = 0.3) high critical transition temperature ( T c) superconductors are synthesized by the solid-state reaction method in polycrystalline form. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies, direct current (dc) electrical resistivity measurements, scanning electron microscopic (SEM) studies, critical current density measurements, and zero-field alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements are performed to investigate the physical changes, structural changes, and magnetic behavior of the superconducting samples. X-ray diffraction studies show that a high T c phase exists with orthorhombic symmetry in the specimen. According to the XRD data, the lattice parameters of the high T c phase were determined as a = 0.537(1) nm, b = 0.539(1) nm, and c = 3.70(1) nm. The compound exhibits a superconducting transition at 106 ±1 K for zero resistance. The ac susceptibility measurements in zero field confirm the dc electrical resistivity results; hence both support the XRD results. The particle size and structural changes as a function of the cold-pressing and aging effect are also reported.

Estimation of Leaf Area Index and its Sunlit Portion from DSCOVR EPIC data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knyazikhin, Y.; Yang, B.; Mottus, M.; Rautiainen, M.; Stenberg, P.; Yan, L.; Chen, C.; Yan, K.; Park, T.; Myneni, R. B.; Song, W.

2016-12-01

The NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission was launched on February 11, 2015 to the Sun-Earth Lagrangian L1 point where it began to collect radiance data of the entire sunlit Earth at 16 km resolution (in equatorial zone) every 65 to 110 min in June 2015. It provides imageries in near backscattering directions with the scattering angle between 168o and 176o at ten UV to Near-IR narrow spectral bands centered at 317.5 (band width 1.0) nm, 325.0 (1.0) nm, 340.0 (3.0) nm, 388.0 (3.0) nm, 433.0 (3.0) nm, 551.0 (3.0) nm, 680.0 (1.7) nm, 687.8 (0.6) nm, 764.0 (1.7) nm and 779.5 (2.0) nm. This poster presents the theoretical basis of the algorithm designed for the generation of leaf area index (LAI) and diurnal course of sunlit leaf area index (SLAI) from EPIC Bidirectional Reflectance Factor of vegetated land. LAI and SLAI are defined as the total hemi-surface and sunlit leaf semi-surface per unit ground area. Whereas LAI is a standard product of many satellite the SLAI is a new satellite-derived parameter. Sunlit and shaded leaves exhibit different radiative response to incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (400-700 nm), which in turn triggers various physiological and physical processes required for the functioning of plants. Leaf area and its sunlit portion are key state parameters in most ecosystem productivity and carbon/nitrogen cycle. Status of the EPIC LAI/SLAI product and its validation strategy are also discussed in this poster.

Vegetation Earth System Data Record from DSCOVR EPIC Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knyazikhin, Y.; Song, W.; Yang, B.; Mottus, M.; Rautiainen, M.; Stenberg, P.

2017-12-01

The NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) mission was launched on February 11, 2015 to the Sun-Earth Lagrangian L1 point where it began to collect radiance data of the entire sunlit Earth every 65 to 110 min in June 2015. It provides imageries in near backscattering directions with the scattering angle between 168° and 176° at ten ultraviolet to near infrared (NIR) narrow spectral bands centered at 317.5 (band width 1.0) nm, 325.0 (2.0) nm, 340.0 (3.0) nm, 388.0 (3.0) nm, 433.0 (3.0) nm, 551.0 (3.0) nm, 680.0 (3.0) nm, 687.8 (0.8) nm, 764.0 (1.0) nm and 779.5 (2.0) nm. This poster presents current status of the Vegetation Earth System Data Record of global Leaf Area Index (LAI), solar zenith angle dependent Sunlit Leaf Area Index (SLAI), Fraction vegetation absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation (FPAR) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from the DSCOVR EPIC observations. Whereas LAI is a standard product of many satellite missions, the SLAI is a new satellite-derived parameter. Sunlit and shaded leaves exhibit different radiative response to incident Photosynthetically Active Radiation (400-700 nm), which in turn triggers various physiological and physical processes required for the functioning of plants. FPAR, LAI and SLAI are key state parameters in most ecosystem productivity models and carbon/nitrogen cycle. The product at 10 km sinusoidal grid and 65 to 110 min temporal frequency as well as accompanying Quality Assessment (QA) variables will be publicly available from the NASA Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center. The Algorithm Theoretical Basis (ATBD) and product validation strategy are also discussed in this poster.

From powerful research platform for industrial EUV photoresist development, to world record resolution by photolithography: EUV interference lithography at the Paul Scherrer Institute

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buitrago, Elizabeth; Fallica, Roberto; Fan, Daniel; Karim, Waiz; Vockenhuber, Michaela; van Bokhoven, Jeroen A.; Ekinci, Yasin

2016-09-01

Extreme ultraviolet interference lithography (EUV-IL, λ = 13.5 nm) has been shown to be a powerful technique not only for academic, but also for industrial research and development of EUV materials due to its relative simplicity yet record high-resolution patterning capabilities. With EUV-IL, it is possible to pattern high-resolution periodic images to create highly ordered nanostructures that are difficult or time consuming to pattern by electron beam lithography (EBL) yet interesting for a wide range of applications such as catalysis, electronic and photonic devices, and fundamental materials analysis, among others. Here, we will show state-of the-art research performed using the EUV-IL tool at the Swiss Light Source (SLS) synchrotron facility in the Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI). For example, using a grating period doubling method, a diffraction mask capable of patterning a world record in photolithography of 6 nm half-pitch (HP), was produced. In addition to the description of the method, we will give a few examples of applications of the technique. Well-ordered arrays of suspended silicon nanowires down to 6.5 nm linewidths have been fabricated and are to be studied as field effect transistors (FETs) or biosensors, for instance. EUV achromatic Talbot lithography (ATL), another interference scheme that utilizes a single grating, was shown to yield well-defined nanoparticles over large-areas with high uniformity presenting great opportunities in the field of nanocatalysis. EUV-IL is in addition, playing a key role in the future introduction of EUV lithography into high volume manufacturing (HVM) of semiconductor devices for the 7 and 5 nm logic node (16 nm and 13 nm HP, respectively) and beyond while the availability of commercial EUV-tools is still very much limited for research.

Description of a Gram-negative bacterium, Sphingomonas guangdongensis sp. nov.

PubMed

Feng, Guang-Da; Yang, Song-Zhen; Wang, Yong-Hong; Zhang, Xiu-Xiu; Zhao, Guo-Zhen; Deng, Ming-Rong; Zhu, Hong-Hui

2014-05-01

A Gram-stain-negative bacterial strain, designated 9NM-8T, was isolated from an abandoned lead-zinc ore in Mei county, Meizhou, Guangdong province, PR China. The isolate was orange-pigmented, aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, motile with lophotrichous flagella and rod-shaped. Strain 9NM-8T grew optimally at pH 7.0 and 30 °C and in the absence of NaCl on R2A agar. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 9NM-8T belongs to the genus Sphingomonas, with highest sequence similarities to Sphingomonas azotifigens KACC 14484T (96.1%), Sphingomonas trueperi DSM 7225T (96.0%) and Sphingomonas pituitosa DSM 13101T (95.6 %). Strain 9NM-8T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone. The major fatty acids included C18:1ω7c, C16:0, C16:1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c (summed feature 3) and 11-methyl C18:1ω7c. The DNA G+C content was 69.6±1.3 mol%. The major component in the polyamine pattern was sym-homospermidine and the polar lipid profile contained sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified phospholipids. Based on comparative analysis of physiological, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain 9NM-8T should be considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas guangdongensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 9NM-8T (=GIMCC 1.653T=CGMCC 1.12672T=DSM 27570T).

Physics Curriculum Guide. Bulletin 1661.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Academic Programs.

This curriculum guide, developed to establish statewide curriculum standards for the Louisiana Competency-based Education Program, contains the minimum competencies and process skills that should be included in a physics course. It consists of: (1) a rationale for an effective science program; (2) a list and description of four major goals of…

Hierarchy problem and BSM physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhattacharyya, Gautam

2017-10-01

The `hierarchy problem' plagues the Standard Model of particle physics. The source of this problem is our inability to answer the following question: Why is the Higgs mass so much below the GUT or Planck scale? A brief description about how `supersymmetry' and `composite Higgs' address this problem is given here.

Project Physics Text 1, Concepts of Motion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA. Harvard Project Physics.

Fundamental concepts of motion are presented in this first unit of the Project Physics textbook. Descriptions of motion are made in connection with speeds, accelerations, and their graphical representation. Free-fall bodies are analyzed by using Aristotle's theory and Galileo's work. Dynamics aspects are discussed with a background of mass, force,…

Catalog of Performance Objectives and Performance Guides for Physical Therapy Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reneau, Fred; Hahn, Dave

This catalog provides a worker-based description of duties, tasks, performance objectives and guides, and related data for physical therapy occupations. Duties covered include the following: (1) performing administrative/clerical functions; (2) communicating information; (3) providing patient care services; (4) performing support service; (5)…

Perceptions of Physical Activity by Older Adults: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jancey, Jonine M.; Clarke, Ann; Howat, Peter; Maycock, Bruce; Lee, Andy H.

2009-01-01

Objective: To identify issues and perceptions concerning physical activity in older adults. Design: Qualitative study. Setting: Perth, Western Australia. Methods: Sixteen adults aged 65 to 74 years were interviewed in their own homes using a semi-structured interview schedule. Data were analysed using a descriptive qualitative methodology.…

Idea Bank: Wiffle Ball Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lancor, Rachael

2009-01-01

Projectile motion, a cornerstone topic of introductory physics, is usually a student's first exposure to the problem-solving techniques used in this subject. Often, this is an inactive learning experience--students work with pencil and paper to read and solve projectile motion problems (e.g., diagrams and descriptions of balls being hit, kicked,…

The Physical Demands and Ergonomics of Working with Young Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gratz, Rene R.; Claffey, Anne; King, Phyllis; Scheuer, Gina

2002-01-01

Examines the physical demands and ergonomic concerns within child care settings. Discusses problem areas and ergonomic recommendations for room design and staff training. Presents important implications for writing job descriptions, determining essential job functions, orienting and training staff, and committing to improving the child care work…

Experiential Learning through a Physical Activity Program for Children with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richards, K. Andrew R.; Eberline, Andrew D.; Padaruth, Sookhenlall; Templin, Thomas J.

2015-01-01

Service-learning has become a popular pedagogical tool to promote academic and civic learning. One form of service-learning provides physical activity for underrepresented community groups, including children with disabilities. Using experiential learning theory, the purpose of this descriptive case study was to evaluate college students'…

Students' Affordance of Teleologic Explanations and Anthropomorphic Language in Eliciting Concepts in Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Romiro G.

2015-01-01

This study ascertains that the students' affordance of teleologic explanations and anthropomorphic language in eliciting concepts in Physics is influenced by their age and learning exposure and experience. Using Explicative-Reductive Method of Descriptive Research, this study focused on the determinants of students' affordance of…

Aging Adults Learning New Avocations: Potential Increases in Activity among Educated Baby-Boomers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Marcus Lee; Bungum, Timothy

2008-01-01

The potential benefits, drawbacks, and preferences of activity (both physical and nonphysical) among Baby-Boomers were the foci of this study. This study included 56 survey participants and 5 interviewees. Descriptive statistics illustrated a preference towards low impact physical activity and cognitively enriching nonphysical activities. Time…

A Sociocultural View of Physical Education and Sport in the People's Republic of China.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krotee, March L.; Wang, Jin

1989-01-01

This article discusses the evolution of physical education and sport in the People's Republic of China from a sociocultural perspective. Included in the discussion are descriptions of elementary, secondary, and university programs, as well as the recruitment and training process for elite athletes. (IAH)

Ocean Surface Wave Optical Roughness - Innovative Measurement and Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

e.g. Jessup and Phadnis , 2005) have been reported. Our effort seeks to provide a more comprehensive description of the physical and optical roughness...1986: Statistics of breaking waves observed as whitecaps in the open sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 16, 290-297. Jessup, A.T. and Phadnis

Ocean Surface Wave Optical Roughness - Innovative Measurement and Modeling

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

e.g. Jessup and Phadnis , 2005) have been reported. Our effort seeks to provide a more comprehensive description of the physical and optical...the open sea, Journal of Physical Oceanography, 16, 290-297. Jessup, A.T. and Phadnis , K.R. 2005 Measurement of the geometric and kinematic

Exemplary Programs in Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Earth Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yager, Robert E., Ed.

The 1982 Search for Excellence in Science Education project has identified 50 exemplary programs in physics, chemistry, biology, and earth science. Descriptions of four of these programs and the criteria used in their selection are presented. The first section reviews the direction established by Project Synthesis in searching for exemplary…

Strategies for Equality: Guidance, Social Studies, Physical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rutgers, The State Univ., New Brunswick, NJ. Training Inst. for Sex Desegregation of the Public Schools.

This document contains descriptions of projects in guidance, physical education and social studies which were developed by participants in workshops for nondiscriminatory curriculum development training. Projects and appendices in the guidance section include plans for field trips and open houses in nontraditional careers for men and women; for…

Aquatics [Chapter 6

Treesearch

F. A. Vertucci; M. A. Conrad

1994-01-01

Within the GLEES boundary there are three alpine lakes and several streams and ponds. The selection of GLEES as a research site for investigating of the effects of chemical and physical climate change was in part based on the accessibility of these low alkalinity "sensitive" aquatic ecosystems. This chapter provides a brief description of the physical,...

Japanese Physical Education Teachers' Beliefs about Teaching Students with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sato, Takahiro; Hodge, Samuel R.; Murata, Nathan M.; Maeda, Julienne K.

2007-01-01

The purpose of this study was to describe Japanese physical education (PE) teachers' beliefs about teaching students with disabilities in integrated classes. Participants were five Japanese PE teachers (one women and four men). The research was descriptive and qualitative, using an interviewing method. Data were gathered in interviews, analysed…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Belomoin, Gennadiy; Therrien, Joel; Nayfeh, Munir

We dispersed electrochemical etched silicon into a colloid of ultrasmall ultrabright Si nanoparticles. Direct imaging using transmission electron microscopy shows particles of {approx}1 nm in diameter, and infrared and electron photospectroscopy show that they are passivated with hydrogen. Under 350 nm excitation, the luminescence is dominated by an extremely strong blue band at 390 nm. We replace hydrogen by a high-quality ultrathin surface oxide cap by self-limiting oxidation in H{sub 2}O{sub 2}. Upon capping, the excitation efficiency drops, but only by a factor of 2, to an efficiency still two-fold larger than that of fluorescein. Although of slightly lower brightness,more » capped Si particles have superior biocompatability, an important property for biosensing applications. (c) 2000 American Institute of Physics.« less

Si III OV Bright Line of Scattering Polarized Light That Has Been Observed in the CLASP and Its Center-to-Limb Variation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Katsukawa, Yukio; Ishikawa, Ryoko; Kano, Ryohei; Kubo, Masahito; Noriyuki, Narukage; Kisei, Bando; Hara, Hirohisa; Yoshiho, Suematsu; Goto, Motouji; Ishikawa, Shinnosuke;

Single-step fabrication of thin-film linear variable bandpass filters based on metal-insulator-metal geometry.

PubMed

Williams, Calum; Rughoobur, Girish; Flewitt, Andrew J; Wilkinson, Timothy D

2016-11-10

A single-step fabrication method is presented for ultra-thin, linearly variable optical bandpass filters (LVBFs) based on a metal-insulator-metal arrangement using modified evaporation deposition techniques. This alternate process methodology offers reduced complexity and cost in comparison to conventional techniques for fabricating LVBFs. We are able to achieve linear variation of insulator thickness across a sample, by adjusting the geometrical parameters of a typical physical vapor deposition process. We demonstrate LVBFs with spectral selectivity from 400 to 850 nm based on Ag (25 nm) and MgF₂ (75-250 nm). Maximum spectral transmittance is measured at ∼70% with a Q-factor of ∼20.

A Case Study on Teaching of Energy as a Subject for 9th Graders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bezen, Sevim; Bayrak, Celal; Aykutlu, Isil

2017-01-01

This study aims to describe how energy subject is taught in 9th grades. The study is designed as a descriptive case study with the participation of 3 physics teachers and 85 students. Data were obtained through observation, interviews, and documents, and they were analyzed through descriptive analysis method. In the observations made at the…

SOLARNET & LAIME: Imaging & Spectroscopy in the Far Ultraviolet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damé, Luc; Koutchmy, Serge

SOLARNET is a medium size high resolution solar physics mission proposed to CNES and ESA for a new start in 2007 and a possible launch in 2012 (CNES) or later (ESA Cosmic Vision framework: 2015-2016). Partnerships with India and China are under discussion, and several European contributions are considered. At the center of the SOLARNET mission is a 3-telescope interferometer of 1 meter baseline capable to provide 40 times the best ever spatial resolution achieved in Space with previous, current or even planned solar missions: 20 mas - 20 km on the Sun in the FUV. The interferometer is associated to an on-axis Subtractive Double Monochromator coupled to an Imaging Fourier Transform Spectrometer capable of high spectral (0.01 nm) and high temporal resolutions (50 ms) on a field of view of 40 arcsec and covering the FUV and UV spectral domains (from 117.5 to 400 nm). This will allow to access process scales of magnetic reconnection, dissipation, emerging flux and much more, from the chromosphere to the low corona with emphasis on the transition zone where the magnetic confinement is expected to be maximum. A whole new chapter of the physics of solar magnetic field structuring, evolution and mapping from the photosphere to the high atmosphere will be opened. The interferometer is completed by instruments providing larger field of view and higher temperature (EUV-XUV coronal imaging & spectroscopy) to define the context and extension of the solar phenomena. The 3-telescope interferometer design results of an extensive laboratory demonstration program of interferometric imaging of extended objects. We will review the scientific program of SOLARNET, describe the interferometer concept and design, present the results of the breadboard and give a short overview of the mission aspects. In a different category, LAIME, the Lyman Alpha Imaging-Monitor Experiment, is a remarkably simple (no mechanisms) and compact full Sun imager to be flown with TESIS on the CORONAS-PHOTON mission in 2008. It could be the only chromospheric imager to be flown in the next years, supporting Solar-B, STEREO, SDO and the Belgian LYRA Lyman Alpha flux monitor. We will give a short description of this unique 60 mm aperture imaging telescope, dedicated to the investigation of the UV sources of solar variability and of the chromospheric and coronal disruptive events (Moreton waves, prominences, CMEs, etc.).

An algorithm for chlorophyll using first difference transformations of AVIRIS reflectance spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Novo, Evlyn; Gastil, Mary; Melack, John

1995-01-01

Experimental results have shown the existence of a strong relationship between chlorophyll alpha concentration and remote sensing reflectance measured at lake level with a high resolution spectroradiometer. The objective of our study was to investigate the relationship between surface chlorophyll alpha concentration at Mono Lake and water reflectance retrieved from Airborne Visible - Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data obtained in october 7, 1992. AVIRIS data were atmospherically corrected as described by Green et al. A description of the lake-level sampling is found in Melack and Gastil. The relationship between chlorophyll concentration and both the single band reflectance and the first difference transformation of the reflectance spectra for the first 40 AVIRIS spectral bands (400 nm to 740 nm) was examined. The relationship was then used to produce a map of the surface chlorophyll distribution.

Emotional Intelligence and Transformational Leadership in Nurse Managers.

PubMed

Spano-Szekely, Lauraine; Quinn Griffin, Mary T; Clavelle, Joanne; Fitzpatrick, Joyce J

2016-02-01

This study describes the relationship between emotional intelligence (EI) and transformational leadership (TL) in nurse managers (NMs). Effective NM leadership is important as they have direct influence over RN performance and patient outcomes. Research has demonstrated that a TL style generates greater commitment from followers than other leadership styles. EI is 1 potential characteristic of TL. A descriptive exploratory research study was conducted to correlate EI and TL practices of NMs. EI was significantly positively correlated with TL and outcome measures of extra-effort, effectiveness, and satisfaction and significantly negatively correlated with laissez-faire leadership. A positive relationship was found between TL and NMs with advanced education and administrative certification. Nursing administrators should consider EI characteristics when hiring NMs and lead efforts to advance education to align with organization needs for business and strategic essentials necessary for NM effectiveness.

A Pearson Effective Potential for Monte Carlo Simulation of Quantum Confinement Effects in nMOSFETs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaud, Marie-Anne; Barraud, Sylvain; Saint-Martin, Jérôme; Bournel, Arnaud; Dollfus, Philippe; Jaouen, Hervé

2008-12-01

A Pearson Effective Potential model for including quantization effects in the simulation of nanoscale nMOSFETs has been developed. This model, based on a realistic description of the function representing the non zero-size of the electron wave packet, has been used in a Monte-Carlo simulator for bulk, single gate SOI and double-gate SOI devices. In the case of SOI capacitors, the electron density has been computed for a large range of effective field (between 0.1 MV/cm and 1 MV/cm) and for various silicon film thicknesses (between 5 nm and 20 nm). A good agreement with the Schroedinger-Poisson results is obtained both on the total inversion charge and on the electron density profiles. The ability of an Effective Potential approach to accurately reproduce electrostatic quantum confinement effects is clearly demonstrated.

Ergonomics and patient handling.

PubMed

McCoskey, Kelsey L

2007-11-01

This study aimed to describe patient-handling demands in inpatient units during a 24-hour period at a military health care facility. A 1-day total population survey described the diverse nature and impact of patient-handling tasks relative to a variety of nursing care units, patient characteristics, and transfer equipment. Productivity baselines were established based on patient dependency, physical exertion, type of transfer, and time spent performing the transfer. Descriptions of the physiological effect of transfers on staff based on patient, transfer, and staff characteristics were developed. Nursing staff response to surveys demonstrated how patient-handling demands are impacted by the staff's physical exertion and level of patient dependency. The findings of this study describe the types of transfers occurring in these inpatient units and the physical exertion and time requirements for these transfers. This description may guide selection of the most appropriate and cost-effective patient-handling equipment required for specific units and patients.

Physical Model for the Evolution of the Genetic Code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamashita, Tatsuro; Narikiyo, Osamu

2011-12-01

Using the shape space of codons and tRNAs we give a physical description of the genetic code evolution on the basis of the codon capture and ambiguous intermediate scenarios in a consistent manner. In the lowest dimensional version of our description, a physical quantity, codon level is introduced. In terms of the codon levels two scenarios are typically classified into two different routes of the evolutional process. In the case of the ambiguous intermediate scenario we perform an evolutional simulation implemented cost selection of amino acids and confirm a rapid transition of the code change. Such rapidness reduces uncomfortableness of the non-unique translation of the code at intermediate state that is the weakness of the scenario. In the case of the codon capture scenario the survival against mutations under the mutational pressure minimizing GC content in genomes is simulated and it is demonstrated that cells which experience only neutral mutations survive.

pH shift assembly of adenoviral serotype 5 capsid protein nanosystems for enhanced delivery of nanoparticles, proteins and nucleic acids.

PubMed

Rao, Vidhya R; Upadhyay, Arun K; Kompella, Uday B

2013-11-28

Empty adenovirus serotype 5 (Ad5) capsids devoid of viral genome were developed as a novel delivery system for nanoparticles, proteins, and nucleic acids. Ad5 capsids of 110 nm diameter undergo an increase in particle size to 1637 nm in 1mM acetic acid at pH4.0 and then shrink to 60 nm, following pH reversal to 7.4. These pH shifts induced reversible changes in capsid zeta potential and secondary structure and irreversible changes in tertiary structure of capsid proteins. Using pH shift dependent changes in capsid size and structure, 20 nm fluorescent nanoparticles, FITC-BSA, and Alexa Fluor® 488 conjugated siRNA were encapsulated with high efficiency in Ad5 capsids, as confirmed by electron microscopy and/or flow cytometry. HEK cell uptake with capsid delivery system was 7.8-, 7.4-, and 2.9-fold greater for nanoparticles, FITC-BSA, and Alexa-siRNA, respectively, when compared to plain solutes. Physical mixtures of capsids and fluorescent solutes exhibited less capsid associated fluorescence intensity and cell uptake. Further, unlike physical mixture, pH shift assembled Ad5 capsids protected siRNA from RNase degradation. Ad5 capsids before and after pH shift exhibited endolysosomal escape. Thus, empty Ad5 capsids can encapsulate a variety of solutes based on pH shift assembly, resulting in enhanced cellular delivery. © 2013. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Views from EPOXI: Colors in Our Solar System as an Analog for Extrasolar Planets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crow, Carolyn A.; McFadden, L. A.; Robinson, T.; Meadows, V. S.; Livengood, T. A.; Hewagama, T.; Barry, R. K.; Deming, L. D.; Lisse, C. M.; Wellnitz, Dennis

2011-01-01

The first visible-light studies of Earth-sized extrasolar planets will employ photometry or low-resolution spectroscopy. This work uses EPOCh medium-hand filter photometry between 150 and 950 nm obtained with the Deep Impact (DI) High Resolution Instrument (HRI) of Earth, the Moon, and Mars in addition to previous full-disk observations of the other six solar system planets and Titan to analyze the limitations of using photometric colors to characterize extrasolar planets. We determined that the HRI 350, 550, and 850 nm filters are optimal for distinguishing Earth from the other planets and separating planets to first order based on their atmospheric and surface properties. Detailed conclusions that can be drawn about exoplanet atmospheres simply from a color-color plot are limited due to potentially competing physical processes in the atmosphere. The presence of a Rayleigh scattering atmosphere can be detected by an increase in the 350-550 nm brightness ratio, but the absence of Rayleigh scattering cannot be confirmed due to the existence of atmospheric and surface absorbing species in the UV. Methane and ammonia are the only species responsible for strong absorption in the 850 nm filter in our solar system. The combination of physical processes present on extrasolar planets may differ from those we see locally. Nevertheless, a generation of telescopes capable of collecting such photometric observations can serve a critical role in first-order characterization and constraining the population of Earth-like extrasolar planets.

Influence of chocolate matrix composition on cocoa flavan-3-ol bioaccessibility in vitro and bioavailability in humans.

PubMed

Neilson, Andrew P; George, Judy C; Janle, Elsa M; Mattes, Richard D; Rudolph, Ralf; Matusheski, Nathan V; Ferruzzi, Mario G

2009-10-28

Conflicting data exist regarding the influence of chocolate matrices on the bioavailability of epicatechin (EC) from cocoa. The objective of this study was to assess the bioavailability of EC from matrices varying in macronutrient composition and physical form. EC bioavailability was assessed from chocolate confections [reference dark chocolate (CDK), high sucrose (CHS), high milk protein (CMP)] and cocoa beverages [sucrose milk protein (BSMP), non-nutritive sweetener milk protein (BNMP)], in humans and in vitro. Six subjects consumed each product in a randomized crossover design, with serum EC concentrations monitored over 6 h post consumption. Areas under the serum concentration-time curve (AUC) were similar among chocolate matrices. However, AUCs were significantly increased for BSMP and BNMP (132 and 143 nM h) versus CMP (101 nM h). Peak serum concentrations (C(MAX)) were also increased for BSMP and BNMP (43 and 42 nM) compared to CDK and CMP (32 and 25 nM). Mean T(MAX) values were lower, although not statistically different, for beverages (0.9-1.1 h) versus confections (1.8-2.3 h), reflecting distinct shapes of the pharmacokinetic curves for beverages and confections. In vitro bioaccessibility and Caco-2 accumulation did not differ between treatments. These data suggest that bioavailability of cocoa flavan-3-ols is likely similar from typical commercial cocoa based foods and beverages, but that the physical form and sucrose content may influence T(MAX) and C(MAX).

Ultrafast nanoscale imaging using high order harmonic generation (Conference Presentation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Merdji, Hamed

2017-05-01

Ultrafast coherent diffraction using soft and hard X-rays is actually revolutionizing imaging science thanks to new sources recently available. This powerful technique extends standard X-ray diffraction towards imaging of non-crystalline objects and leads actually to a strong impact in physics, chemistry and biology. New ultrashort pulses recently available hold the promise of watching matter evolving with unprecedented space and time resolution. Femtosecond coherent and intense radiation in the soft X-ray (λ = 10-40 nm) is currently produced in our laboratory, from highly non linear frequency conversion (high harmonic generation). A high intensity UV-X coherent beam is obtained using a loose focusing geometry, which allows coupling a very high amount of Ti:Sapphire laser system energy in the HHG process. Using a long gas cell and a long focal length lens, the emitting volume can be increased by orders of magnitude compared to standard HHG set-ups. This approach, allows reaching up to 1x1011 photons per shot for the 25th harmonic (λ=32nm). We have already demonstrated nanoscale imaging in a single shot mode reaching 70 nm spatial resolution and 20 femtoseconds snapshot [1]. We then implemented a recently proposed holographic technique using extended references. This technique, easy to implement, allows a direct non iterative image reconstruction. In the single shot regime, we demonstrated a spatial resolution of 110nm [2].This opens fascinating perspectives in imaging dynamical phenomena to be spread over a large scientific community. I will present recent results in the investigation of femtosecond phase spin-reversals of magnetic nano-domains [3]. Finally, I will report on recent development on noise sensitivity of the technique and perspectives in attosecond coherent imaging [4]. [1] A. Ravasio et al., Physical Review Letters 103, 028104 (2009). [2] D. Gauthier et al., Physical Review Letters 105, 093901 (2010). [3] Vodungbo et al., Nature Communications 3, 999 (2012) [4] Williams et al., Optics Letters 40 (13), 3205 (2015)

InP-based monolithically integrated 1310/1550nm diplexer/triplexer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silfvenius, C.; Swillo, M.; Claesson, J.; Forsberg, E.; Akram, N.; Chacinski, M.; Thylén, L.

2008-11-01

Multiple streams of high definition television (HDTV) and improved home-working infrastructure are currently driving forces for potential fiber to the home (FTTH) customers [1]. There is an interest to reduce the cost and physical size of the FTTH equipment. The current fabrication methods have reached a cost minimum. We have addressed the costchallenge by developing 1310/(1490)/1550nm bidirectional diplexers, by monolithic seamless integration of lasers, photodiodes and wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) couplers into one single InP-based device. A 250nm wide optical gain profile covers the spectrum from 1310 to 1550nm and is the principal building block. The device fabrication is basically based on the established configuration of using split-contacts on continuos waveguides. Optical and electrical cross-talks are further addressed by using a Y-configuration to physically separate the components from each other and avoid inline configurations such as when the incoming signal travels through the laser component or vice versa. By the eliminated butt-joint interfaces which can reflect light between components or be a current leakage path and by leaving optically absorbing (unpumped active) material to surround the components to absorb spontaneous emission and nonintentional reflections the devices are optically and electrically isolated from each other. Ridge waveguides (RWG) form the waveguides and which also maintain the absorbing material between them. The WDM functionality is designed for a large optical bandwidth complying with the wide spectral range in FTTH applications and also reducing the polarization dependence of the WDM-coupler. Lasing is achieved by forming facet-free, λ/4-shifted, DFB (distributed feedback laser) lasers emitting directly into the waveguide. The photodiodes are waveguide photo-diodes (WGPD). Our seamless technology is also able to array the single channel diplexers to 4 to 12 channel diplexer arrays with 250μm fiber port waveguide spacing to comply with fiber optic ribbons. This is an important feature in central office applications were small physical space is important.

Migration of Ag- and TiO2-(Nano)particles from textiles into artificial sweat under physical stress: experiments and exposure modeling.

PubMed

von Goetz, N; Lorenz, C; Windler, L; Nowack, B; Heuberger, M; Hungerbühler, K

2013-09-03

Engineered nanoparticles (ENP) are increasingly used to functionalize textiles taking advantage, e.g., of the antimicrobial activity of silver (Ag)-ENP or the UV-absorption of titania (TiO2)-ENP. Mobilization and migration of ENPs from the textile into human sweat can result in dermal exposure to these nanoobjects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOAA). In this study we assessed exposure to NOAA migrating from commercially available textiles to artificial sweat by an experimental setup that simulates wear-and-tear during physical activity. By combining physical stress with incubation in alkaline and acidic artificial sweat solutions we experimentally realized a worst case scenario for wearing functionalized textiles during sports activities. This experimental approach is not limited to NOAA, but can be used for any other textile additive. Out of four investigated textiles, one T-shirt and one pair of trousers with claimed antimicrobial properties were found to release Ag <450 nm in detectable amounts (23-74 μg/g/L). Textiles containing TiO2 for UV protection did not release significant amounts of TiO2 <450 nm, but the antimicrobial T-shirt released both TiO2 and Ag <450 nm. The silver was present in dissolved and particulate form, whereas TiO2 was mainly found as particulate. On the basis of our experimental results we calculated external dermal exposure to Ag and TiO2 for male and female adults per use. For silver, maximal amounts of 17.1 and 8.2 μg/kg body weight were calculated for total and particulate Ag <450 nm, respectively. For TiO2, the exposure levels amount to maximal 11.6 μg/kg body weight for total (mainly particulate) TiO2. In comparison with other human exposure pathways, dermal exposure to NOAA from textiles can be considered comparably minor for TiO2-NOAA, but not for Ag-NOAA.

Long-Term Comparisons of OMI Surface UV Irradiances to a NILU_UV Multi-Filter Radiometer in Thessaloniki, Greece

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zempila, Melina Maria; Koukouli, Maria Elissavet; Bais, Alkiviadis; Arola, Antii; Fountoulakis, Ilias; Kouremeti, Natalia; Kazadzis, Stelios; Balis, Dimitrios

2016-08-01

The evaluation of the surface UV irradiances, derived from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) onboard the AURA satellite, with those extracted from a Norwegian Institute for Air Research UV multi-filter actinometer (NILU-UV) situated in the Laboratory of Atmospheric Physics (LAP) in the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (40.69°N, 22.96°E) is presented in this study.The NILU-UV data have been compared with the OMI/Aura overpass and local noon irradiances at 305, 310, 324 and 380 nm for a 10 year period over Thessaloniki between 2005 and 2014.The OMI irradiances were found to overestimate the NILU-UV observations in Thessaloniki between 4.5% and 13.5% for the 305nm wavelength and between 1.5% and 10.0% for the 310nm case. For the 324nm and 380nm, the satellite-deduced local-noon time comparisons showed a satellite under-estimation of 3.75% and 4.15% respectively whereas the overpass-time comparisons range between -1.55% and -1.90% for the same wavelengths.

Physical Characterization of Orthorhombic AgInS2 Nanocrystalline Thin Films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El Zawawi, I. K.; Mahdy, Manal A.

2017-11-01

Nanocrystalline thin films of AgInS2 were synthesized using an inert gas condensation technique. The grazing incident in-plane x-ray diffraction technique was used to detect the crystal structure of the deposited and annealed thin films. The results confirmed that the as-deposited film shows an amorphous behavior and that the annealed film has a single phase crystallized in an orthorhombic structure. The orthorhombic structure and particle size were detected using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The particle size ( P_{{s}}) estimated from micrograph images of the nanocrystalline films were increased from 6 nm to 12 nm as the film thickness increased from 11 nm to 110 nm. Accordingly, increasing the film thickness up to 110 nm reflects varying the optical band gap from 2.75 eV to 2.1 eV. The photocurrent measurements were studied where the fast rise and decay of the photocurrent are governed by the recombination mechanism. The electrical conductivity behavior was demonstrated by two transition mechanisms: extrinsic transition for a low-temperature range (300-400 K) and intrinsic transition for the high-temperature region above 400 K.

Quantum epistemology from subquantum ontology: Quantum mechanics from theory of classical random fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khrennikov, Andrei

2017-02-01

The scientific methodology based on two descriptive levels, ontic (reality as it is) and epistemic (observational), is briefly presented. Following Schrödinger, we point to the possible gap between these two descriptions. Our main aim is to show that, although ontic entities may be unaccessible for observations, they can be useful for clarification of the physical nature of operational epistemic entities. We illustrate this thesis by the concrete example: starting with the concrete ontic model preceding quantum mechanics (the latter is treated as an epistemic model), namely, prequantum classical statistical field theory (PCSFT), we propose the natural physical interpretation for the basic quantum mechanical entity-the quantum state ("wave function"). The correspondence PCSFT ↦ QM is not straightforward, it couples the covariance operators of classical (prequantum) random fields with the quantum density operators. We use this correspondence to clarify the physical meaning of the pure quantum state and the superposition principle-by using the formalism of classical field correlations. In classical mechanics the phase space description can be considered as the ontic description, here states are given by points λ =(x , p) of phase space. The dynamics of the ontic state is given by the system of Hamiltonian equations.We can also consider probability distributions on the phase space (or equivalently random variables valued in it). We call them probabilistic ontic states. Dynamics of probabilistic ontic states is given by the Liouville equation.In classical physics we can (at least in principle) measure both the coordinate and momentum and hence ontic states can be treated as epistemic states as well (or it is better to say that here epistemic states can be treated as ontic states). Probabilistic ontic states represent probabilities for outcomes of joint measurement of position and momentum.However, this was a very special, although very important, example of description of physical phenomena. In general there are no reasons to expect that properties of ontic states are approachable through our measurements. There is a gap between ontic and epistemic descriptions, cf. also with 't Hooft [49,50] and G G. Groessing et al. [51]. In general the presence of such a gap also implies unapproachability of the probabilistic ontic states, i.e., probability distributions on the space of ontic states. De Broglie [28] called such probability distributions hidden probabilities and distinguished them sharply from probability distributions of measurements outcomes, see also Lochak [29]. (The latter distributions are described by the quantum formalism.)This ontic-epistemic approach based on the combination of two descriptive levels for natural phenomena is closely related to the old Bild conception which was originated in the works of Hertz. Later it was heavily explored by Schrödinger in the quantum domain, see, e.g., [8,11] for detailed analysis. According to Hertz one cannot expect to construct a complete theoretical model based explicitly on observable quantities. The complete theoretical model can contain quantities which are unapproachable for external measurement inspection. For example, Hertz by trying to create a mechanical model for Maxwell's electromagnetism invented hidden masses. The main distinguishing property of a theoretical model (in contrast to an observational model) is the continuity of description, i.e., the absence of gaps in description. From this viewpoint, the quantum mechanical description is not continuous: there is a gap between premeasurement dynamics and the measurement outcome. QM cannot say anything what happens in the process of measurement, this is the well known measurement problem of QM [32], cf. [52,53]. Continuity of description is closely related to causality. However, here we cannot go in more detail, see [8,11].The important question is about interrelation between two levels of description, ontic-epistemic (or theoretical-observational). In the introduction we have already cited Schrödinger who emphasized the possible complexity of this interrelation. In particular, in general there is no reason to expect a straightforward coupling of the form, cf. [9,10]:

Energy utilization in fluctuating biological energy converters

PubMed Central

Szőke, Abraham; Hajdu, Janos

2016-01-01

We have argued previously [Szoke et al., FEBS Lett. 553, 18–20 (2003); Curr. Chem. Biol. 1, 53–57 (2007)] that energy utilization and evolution are emergent properties based on a small number of established laws of physics and chemistry. The relevant laws constitute a framework for biology on a level intermediate between quantum chemistry and cell biology. There are legitimate questions whether these concepts are valid at the mesoscopic level. Such systems fluctuate appreciably, so it is not clear what their efficiency is. Advances in fluctuation theorems allow the description of such systems on a molecular level. We attempt to clarify this topic and bridge the biochemical and physical descriptions of mesoscopic systems. PMID:27191009

Final definition and preliminary design study for the initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory, a Spacelab mission payload

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The following areas related to the final definition and preliminary design study of the initial atmospheric cloud physics laboratory (ACPL) were covered: (1) proposal organization, personnel, schedule, and project management, (2) proposed configurations, (3) study objectives, (4) ACPL experiment program listing and description, (5) mission/flight flexibility and modularity/commonality, (6) study plan, and (7) description of following tasks: requirement analysis and definition task flow, systems analysis and trade studies, subsystem analysis and trade studies, specifications and interface control documents, preliminary design task flow, work breakdown structure, programmatic analysis and planning, and project costs. Finally, an overview of the scientific requirements was presented.

Spastic diplegia in children with HIV encephalopathy: first description of gait and physical status.

PubMed

Langerak, Nelleke G; du Toit, Jacques; Burger, Marlette; Cotton, Mark F; Springer, Priscilla E; Laughton, Barbara

2014-07-01

The aim of this study was to explore the physical status and gait patterns of children with spastic diplegia secondary to human immunodeficiency virus encephalopathy (HIVE). A cross-sectional study was conducted on children diagnosed with HIVE and spastic diplegia. Sociodemographic and clinical background information was obtained, followed by three-dimensional gait analysis (3DGA) and a physical examination including assessments of muscle tone, strength, motor control, contractures, and bony deformities of the lower extremities. Fourteen children (eight males, six females; mean age 5 y 8 mo [SD 9 mo], range 4 y 4 mo-6 y 10 mo) were studied. The cohort was divided into two groups based on distinctive gait patterns. Nine participants in group I showed only limited abnormalities. Group II displayed a more pathological gait pattern including stiff knee and equinus ankle abnormalities. Results of 3DGA, as with the physical examination outcomes, showed increased impairments from proximal to distal (except for hip extension). This study provides a first description of distinctive gait patterns and related physical characteristics of children with HIVE and spastic diplegia. Further research is necessary. © 2013 Mac Keith Press.

Physical Examination of the Female Cancer Patient with Sexual Concerns: What Oncologists and Patients Should Expect from Consultation with a Specialist

PubMed Central

Lindau, Stacy Tessler; Abramsohn, Emily M.; Baron, Shirley R.; Florendo, Judith; Haefner, Hope K.; Jhingran, Anuja; Kennedy, Vanessa; Krane, Mukta K.; Kushner, David M.; McComb, Jennifer; Merritt, Diane F.; Park, Julie E.; Siston, Amy; Straub, Margaret; Streicher, Lauren

2015-01-01

Sexual concerns are prevalent in women with cancer or cancer history and are a factor in patient decision-making about cancer treatment and risk-reduction options. Physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual concerns, regardless of the type or site of her cancer, is an essential and early component of a comprehensive evaluation and effective treatment plan. Specialized practices are emerging that focus specifically on evaluation and treatment of women with cancer and sexual function problems. As part of a specialized evaluation, oncologists and their patients should expect a thorough physical examination to identify or rule out physical causes of sexual problems or dysfunction. This review provides oncology professionals with a description of the physical examination of the female cancer patient with sexual function concerns. This description aims to inform anticipatory guidance for the patient and to assist in interpreting specialists’ findings and recommendations. In centers or regions where specialized care is not yet available, this review can also be used by oncology practices to educate and support health care providers interested in expanding their practices to treat women with cancer and sexual function concerns. PMID:26784536

The role of descriptive norm within the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean Americans' exercise behavior.

PubMed

Lee, Hyo

2011-08-01

There are few studies investigating psychosocial mechanisms in Korean Americans' exercise behavior. The present study tested the usefulness of the theory of planned behavior in predicting Korean American's exercise behavior and whether the descriptive norm (i.e., perceptions of what others do) improved the predictive validity of the theory of planned behavior. Using a retrospective design and self-report measures, web-survey responses from 198 Korean-American adults were analyzed using hierarchical regression analyses. The theory of planned behavior constructs accounted for 31% of exercise behavior and 43% of exercise intention. Intention and perceived behavioral control were significant predictors of exercise behavior. Although the descriptive norm did not augment the theory of planned behavior, all original constructs--attitude, injunctive norm (a narrow definition of subjective norm), and perceived behavioral control--statistically significantly predicted leisure-time physical activity intention. Future studies should consider random sampling, prospective design, and objective measures of physical activity.

The Kantian element in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cale, David Lee

In Quantum Physics and the Philosophical Tradition, Aage Petersen makes the troubling claim that the entirety of the tradition of Western philosophy is "deconstructed" by quantum mechanics. This viewpoint applies, especially, to the relationship between Kantian philosophy and quantum theory. It is generally accepted that quantum mechanics, in its Copenhagen interpretation, has destroyed all validity for the classical belief in a deterministic underlying reality, a belief sustained throughout the nineteenth century through a philosophical ground in Kant's critical philosophy. This dissertation takes on the daunting task of determining what, if any, relationship can be had between contemporary physics and Kantian philosophy. It begins with a historical review of the challenges posed for Kant's arguments and proposed solutions, especially those offered by Cassirer. It then turns to the task of providing the Western philosophical tradition with an interpretation apart from Petersen's, which sees it as concerned only with the problem of being. The offered solution is the suggestion that Western philosophy be understood as a struggle, between epistemological and ontological perspectives, to provide a context for the various descriptions of nature provided by human scientific progress. Kant's philosophy is then interpreted as an effort to provide Newtonian physics with a valid context in the face of Hume's skepticism. The finding is that Kant was the first to suggest that an object does not acquire the spatio-temporal properties used in its physical description until introduced to an observer. The dissertation concludes that the authors of the Copenhagen interpretation were essentially engaged in Kant's enterprise through their attempt to provide an observer based context for the spatio-temporal descriptive principles used in the physics of their time.

Students' description of factors contributing to a meaningful clinical experience in entry-level physical therapist professional education.

PubMed

Rindflesch, Aaron; Hoversten, Kelsey; Patterson, Britta; Thomas, Laura; Dunfee, Heidi

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to identify student, clinical instructor (CI), and environmental characteristics and behaviors that make for positive clinical experiences as perceived by physical therapy students. Nine third-year physical therapist students from entry-level physial therapist education programs around the United States participated in this study. In this phenomenologic study, participants were interviewed using open-ended questions designed to facilitate rich description. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, validated, and analyzed. Themes were identified through collaborative analysis using constant comparative coding. Students described student, CI, and environmental factors and behaviors that contribute to a quality clinical experience, including: the students' demonstration of initiative to prepare for the clinical experience and preparation after clinic hours; the importance of the CI's insight, allowing CIs to ascertain how much guidance to give in order to foster independence in the student; and the clinical environment's ability to welcome a student and provide the student with novel learning experiences. The student descriptions, including positive and negative examples shared by the interviewees, demonstrate essential characteristics that contribute to a positive clinical experience. Many of the factors identified by students can be influenced by student and CI training and preparation prior to the clinical experience.

Synthesis of Mn doped ZnS nanocrystals: Crystallographic and morphological study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shaikh, Azharuddin Z.; Shirsath, Narendra B.; Sonawane, Prabhakar S.

2018-05-01

The influence of doping concentration on the physical properties of ZnS nanocrystals synthesized using coprecipitation method at room temperature is reported in this paper. In particular, we have studied the structural properties of Zn1-xMnxS where (x=0.01, 0.03, 0.05) by X-ray diffraction. X-ray peak broadening analysis used to calculate the crystalline sizes, lattice parameters, number of unit cell per particle and volume of unit cell. Crystalline ZnS with a cubic structure is confirmed by XRD results. The grain size of pure and Mn doped samples were found in the range of 7nm to 9nm. All the physical parameters of cubic ZnS nanocrystals were calculated are similar with standard values. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) which revealed that the synthesized nanocrystals are well-crystalline and possessing cubic phase.

Thin Polymer Films with Continuous Vertically Aligned 1 nm Pores Fabricated by Soft Confinement

DOE PAGES

Feng, Xunda; Nejati, Siamak; Cowan, Matthew G.; ...

2015-12-03

Membrane separations are critically important in areas ranging from health care and analytical chemistry to bioprocessing and water purification. An ideal nanoporous membrane would consist of a thin film with physically continuous and vertically aligned nanopores and would display a narrow distribution of pore sizes. However, the current state of the art departs considerably from this ideal and is beset by intrinsic trade-offs between permeability and selectivity. We demonstrate an effective and scalable method to fabricate polymer films with ideal membrane morphologies consisting of submicron thickness films with physically continuous and vertically aligned 1 nm pores. The approach is basedmore » on soft confinement to control the orientation of a cross-linkable mesophase in which the pores are produced by self-assembly. The scalability, exceptional ease of fabrication, and potential to create a new class of nanofiltration membranes stand out as compelling aspects.« less

Controllable growth of aluminum nanorods using physical vapor deposition

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

This letter proposes and experimentally demonstrates that oxygen, through action as a surfactant, enables the growth of aluminum nanorods using physical vapor deposition. Based on the mechanism through which oxygen acts, the authors show that the diameter of aluminum nanorods can be controlled from 50 to 500 nm by varying the amount of oxygen present, through modulating the vacuum level, and by varying the substrate temperature. When grown under medium vacuum, the nanorods are in the form of an aluminum metal - aluminum oxide core-shell. The thickness of the oxide shell is ~2 nm as grown and is stable when maintained in ambient for 30 days or annealed in air at 475 K for 1 day. As annealing temperature is increased, the nanorod morphology remains stable while the ratio of oxide shell to metallic core increases, resulting in a fully aluminum oxide nanorod at 1,475 K. PMID:25170334

Gaia: unravelling the chemical and dynamical history of our Galaxy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pancino, E.

The Gaia astrometric mission - the Hipparcos successor - is described in some detail, with its three instruments: the two (spectro)photometers (BP and RP) covering the range 330-1050 nm, the white light (G-band) imager dedicated to astrometry, and the radial velocity spectrometer (RVS) covering the range 847-874 nm at a resolution R≃11500. The whole sky will be scanned repeatedly providing data for ˜109 point-like objects, down to a magnitude of V≃20, aiming to the full 6D reconstruction of the Milky Way kinematical and dinamical structure with unprecendented precision. The horizon of scientific questions that can find an answer with such a set of data is vast, including besides the Galaxy: Solar system studies, stellar astrophysics, exoplanets, supernovae, Local group physics, unresolved galaxies, Quasars, and fundamental physics. The Italian involvement in the mission preparation is briefly outlined.

Detecting Thermal Barrier Coating Delamination Using Visible and Near-Infrared Luminescence from Erbium-Doped Sublayers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eldridge, J. I.; Bencic, T. J.; Martin, R. E.; Singh, J.; Wolfe, D. E.

2007-01-01

Nondestructive diagnostic tools are needed to monitor early stages of delamination progression in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) because the risk of delamination induced coating failure will compromise engine performance and safety. Previous work has demonstrated that for TBCs composed of yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ), luminescence from a buried europium-doped sublayer can be utilized to identify the location of TBC delamination from the substantially higher luminescence intensity observed from the delaminated regions of the TBC. Luminescence measurements from buried europium-doped layers depend on sufficient transmittance of the 532 nm excitation and 606 nm emission wavelengths through the attenuating undoped YSZ overlayer to produce easily detected luminescence. In the present work, improved delamination indication is demonstrated using erbium-doped YSZ sublayers. For visible-wavelength luminescence, the erbium-doped sublayer offers the advantage of a very strong excitation peak at 517 nm that can be conveniently excited a 514 nm Ar ion laser. More importantly, the erbium-doped sublayer also produces near-infrared luminescence at 1550 nm that is effectively excited by a 980 nm laser diode. Both the 980 nm excitation and the 1550 nm emission are transmitted through the TBC with much less attenuation than visible wavelengths and therefore show great promise for delamination monitoring through thicker or more highly scattering TBCs. The application of this approach for both electron beam physical vapor deposited (EB-PVD) and plasma-sprayed TBCs is discussed.

Soft Biometrics; Human Identification Using Comparative Descriptions.

PubMed

Reid, Daniel A; Nixon, Mark S; Stevenage, Sarah V

2014-06-01

Soft biometrics are a new form of biometric identification which use physical or behavioral traits that can be naturally described by humans. Unlike other biometric approaches, this allows identification based solely on verbal descriptions, bridging the semantic gap between biometrics and human description. To permit soft biometric identification the description must be accurate, yet conventional human descriptions comprising of absolute labels and estimations are often unreliable. A novel method of obtaining human descriptions will be introduced which utilizes comparative categorical labels to describe differences between subjects. This innovative approach has been shown to address many problems associated with absolute categorical labels-most critically, the descriptions contain more objective information and have increased discriminatory capabilities. Relative measurements of the subjects' traits can be inferred from comparative human descriptions using the Elo rating system. The resulting soft biometric signatures have been demonstrated to be robust and allow accurate recognition of subjects. Relative measurements can also be obtained from other forms of human representation. This is demonstrated using a support vector machine to determine relative measurements from gait biometric signatures-allowing retrieval of subjects from video footage by using human comparisons, bridging the semantic gap.

Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) Overview from the Emirates Mars Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lootah, F. H.; Almatroushi, H. R.; AlMheiri, S.; Holsclaw, G.; Deighan, J.; Chaffin, M.; Reed, H.; Lillis, R. J.; Fillingim, M. O.; England, S.

2017-12-01

The Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) instrument is one of three science instruments on board the "Hope Probe" of the Emirates Mars Mission (EMM). EMM is a United Arab Emirates' (UAE) mission to Mars, launching in 2020, to explore the global dynamics of the Martian atmosphere, while sampling on both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The EMUS instrument is a far-ultraviolet imaging spectrograph that measures emissions in the spectral range 100-170 nm. Using a combination of its one-dimensional imaging and spacecraft motion, it will build up two-dimensional far-ultraviolet images of the Martian disk and near-space environment at several important wavelengths: the Lyman beta atomic hydrogen emission (102.6 nm), the Lyman alpha atomic hydrogen emission (121.6 nm), two atomic oxygen emissions (130.4 nm and 135.6 nm), and the carbon monoxide fourth positive group band emission (140 nm-170 nm). Radiances at these wavelengths will be used to derive the column abundance of atomic oxygen, and carbon monoxide in the Martian thermosphere, and the density of atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen in the Martian exosphere both with spatial and sub-seasonal variability. The EMUS instrument consists of a single telescope mirror feeding a Rowland circle imaging spectrograph with selectable spectral resolution (1.3 nm, 1.8 nm, or 5 nm), and a photon-counting and locating detector (provided by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley). The EMUS spatial resolution of less than 300 km on the disk is sufficient to characterize spatial variability in the Martian thermosphere (100-200 km altitude) and exosphere (>200 km altitude). The instrument is jointly developed by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder and Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in Dubai, UAE.

Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) Overview from the Emirates Mars Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almatroushi, Hessa; Lootah, Fatma; Holsclaw, Greg; Deighan, Justin; Chaffin, Michael; Lillis, Robert; Fillingim, Matthew; England, Scott; AlMheiri, Suhail; Reed, Heather

2017-04-01

The Emirates Mars Ultraviolet Spectrometer (EMUS) instrument is one of three science instruments to be carried on board the Emirate Mars Mission (EMM), the "Hope Probe". EMM is a United Arab Emirates' (UAE) mission to Mars launching in 2020 to explore the dynamics in the Martian atmosphere globally, while sampling on both diurnal and seasonal timescales. The EMUS instrument is a far-ultraviolet imaging spectrograph that measures emissions in the spectral range 100-170 nm. Using spacecraft motion, it will build up two-dimensional far-ultraviolet images of the Martian disk and near-space environment at several important wavelengths: Lyman beta atomic hydrogen emission (102.6 nm), Lyman alpha atomic hydrogen emission (121.6 nm), atomic oxygen emission (130.4 nm and 135.6 nm), and carbon monoxide fourth positive group band emission (140 nm-170 nm). Radiances at these wavelengths will be used to derive the column abundance of atomic oxygen, and carbon monoxide in the Martian thermosphere, and the density of atomic oxygen and atomic hydrogen in the Martian exosphere both with spatial and sub-seasonal variability. EMUS consists of a single telescope mirror feeding a Rowland circle imaging spectrograph capable of selectable spectral resolution (1.3 nm, 1.8 nm, or 5 nm) with a photon-counting and locating detector (provided by the Space Sciences Laboratory at the University of California, Berkeley). The EMUS spatial resolution of less than 300km on the disk is sufficient to characterize spatial variability in the Martian thermosphere (100-200 km altitude) and exosphere (>200 km altitude). The instrument is jointly developed by the Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics (LASP) at the University of Colorado Boulder and Mohammed Bin Rashid Space Centre (MBRSC) in Dubai, UAE

A Hybrid Model for Multiscale Laser Plasma Simulations with Detailed Collisional Physics

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-23

the effects of inelastic collisions on the Multi-Fluid description of plasmas. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Electric propulsion; plasma; collisional...modeling as well as the effects of inelastic collisions on the Multi-Fluid description of plasmas. This work has been recognized in two workshop...encountered during simulation was to define when breakdown occurred during the simulation and correlating the results to the experimentally determined

Dynamical description of the fission process using the TD-BCS theory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scamps, Guillaume, E-mail: scamps@nucl.phys.tohoku.ac.jp; Simenel, Cédric; Lacroix, Denis

2015-10-15

The description of fission remains a challenge for nuclear microscopic theories. The time-dependent Hartree-Fock approach with BCS pairing is applied to study the last stage of the fission process. A good agreement is found for the one-body observables: the total kinetic energy and the average mass asymmetry. The non-physical dependence of two-body observables with the initial shape is discussed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pathak, S.; Li, N.; Maeder, X.

We investigated the mechanical response of physical vapor deposited Cu–TiN nanolayered composites of varying layer thicknesses from 5 nm to 200 nm. Both the Cu and TiN layers were found to consist of single phase nanometer sized grains. The grain sizes in the Cu and TiN layers, measured using transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction, were found to be comparable to or smaller than their respective layer thicknesses. Indentation hardness testing revealed that the hardness of such nanolayered composites exhibits a weak dependence on the layer thickness but is more correlated to their grain size.

Modeling and characterization of shielded low loss CPWs on 65 nm node silicon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hongrui, Wang; Dongxu, Yang; Li, Zhang; Lei, Zhang; Zhiping, Yu

2011-06-01

Coplanar waveguides (CPWs) are promising candidates for high quality passive devices in millimeter-wave frequency bands. In this paper, CPW transmission lines with and without ground shields have been designed and fabricated on 65 nm CMOS technology. A physical-based model is proposed to describe the frequency-dependent per-unit-length L, C, R and G parameters. Starting with a basic CPW structure, the slow-wave effect and ground-shield influence have been analyzed and incorporated into the general model. The accuracy of the model is confirmed by experimental results.

Adolescent Obesity Prevention in Botswana: Beliefs and Recommendations of School Personnel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaibu, Sheila; Holsten, Joanna E.; Stettler, Nicolas; Maruapula, Segametsi D.; Jackson, Jose C.; Malete, Leapetswe; Mokone, George; Wrotniak, Brian H.; Compher, Charlene W.

2012-01-01

The study's objectives were to gain school personnel's (1) perceptions on diet, physical activity, body size, and obesity, (2) description of school food and physical activity practices, and (3) recommendations for programs to prevent adolescent obesity. The study took place in six junior secondary schools of varying socioeconomic status in…

Quantifying physical characteristics of wildland fuels using the fuel characteristic classification system.

Treesearch

Cynthia L. Riccardi; Susan J. Prichard; David V. Sandberg; Roger D. Ottmar

2007-01-01

Wildland fuel characteristics are used in many applications of operational fire predictions and to understand fire effects and behaviour. Even so, there is a shortage of information on basic fuel properties and the physical characteristics of wildland fuels. The Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS) builds and catalogues fuelbed descriptions based on...

Teachers' Beliefs on Inclusion and Teaching Students with Disabilities: A Representation of Diverse Voices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodge, Samuel R.; Sato, Takahiro; Samalot-Rivera, Amaury; Hersman, Bethany L.; LaMaster, Kathryn; Casebolt, Kevin M.; Ammah, Jonathan O. A.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to analyze the beliefs of physical education teachers on teaching students with disabilities in inclusive classes. Participants were 29 physical education teachers from Ghana (Africa), Japan, the United States, and Puerto Rico. The research paradigm was qualitatively descriptive using a multisite interview design…

The Physical State of the Universe in the Planck Era

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riggs, Peter J.

2018-06-01

The Planck Era cannot be given an accurate mathematical description until the full theory of quantum gravity is available. However, some aspects of the physical state of the Planck Era can be revealed by order of the magnitude considerations which also have implications for the low entropy of the very early universe.

The Stability of Child Physical Placements following Divorce: Descriptive Evidence from Wisconsin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Lawrence M.; Brown, Patricia R.; Joung, Eunhee; Melli, Marygold S.; Wimer, Lynn

2008-01-01

This study uses administrative data from the Wisconsin Court Record Database, linked with survey data collected from mothers (n= 789) and fathers (n= 690), to describe the living arrangements of children with sole mother and shared child physical placement following parental divorce. Contrary to prior research, results provide little evidence that…

Motivators, Facilitators, and Barriers to Physical Activity in Older Adults: A Qualitative Study.

PubMed

Miller, Wendy; Brown, Patrick R

In this descriptive, qualitative research study, the researchers used semistructured interviews with older adults who engaged in regular physical activity to identify common motivators, facilitators, and barriers to participating in regular exercise. The authors used these interviews to identify major themes and discuss implications for population health.

Light-Emitting Diodes: Learning New Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Planinšic, Gorazd; Etkina, Eugenia

2015-01-01

This is the third paper in our Light-Emitting Diodes series. The series aims to create a systematic library of LED-based materials and to provide the readers with the description of experiments and pedagogical treatment that would help their students construct, test, and apply physics concepts and mathematical relations. The first paper, published…

Articulated Multimedia Physics, Lesson 3, The Arithmetic of Scientific Notation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York Inst. of Tech., Old Westbury.

As the third lesson of the Articulated Multimedia Physics Course, instructional materials are presented in this study guide. An introductory description is given for scientific notation methods. The subject content is provided in scrambled form, and the use of matrix transparencies is required for students to control their learning process.…

Status of Participation in Physical Activity among International Students Attending Colleges and Universities in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yoh, Taeho; Yang, Heewon; Gordon, Brian

2008-01-01

This study examined the status of participation in physical activity among international students attending colleges and universities in the United States. Participants for the study were 521 international students from five universities in the Midwestern part of the United States. Descriptive statistics revealed that international college…

Professional Development Activities and Support among Physical Education Teachers in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cardina, Catherine E.; DeNysschen, Carol

2018-01-01

Purpose: This study described professional development (PD) among public school physical education (PE) teachers and compared PE teachers to teachers of other subjects. Method: Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of public school teachers in the United States. Descriptive statistics were used to describe teachers' support…

A Tale of 2 Teachers: A Preschool Physical Activity Intervention Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howie, Erin K.; Brewer, Alisa E.; Dowda, Marsha; McIver, Kerry L.; Saunders, Ruth P.; Pate, Russell R.

2016-01-01

Background: Preschool settings vary greatly, and research has shown that interventions are more successful when they can be adapted to individual settings. This is a descriptive case study of how 2 teachers successfully adapted and implemented a preschool physical activity intervention. Methods: The Study of Health and Activity in Preschool…

Teaching Perspectives of Chinese Teachers: Compatibility with the Goals of the Physical Education Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Lijuan; Ha, Amy Sau-ching; Wen, Xu

2014-01-01

This research primarily aimed to examine the compatibility of teaching perspectives of teachers with the Physical Education (PE) curriculum in China. The Teaching Perspective Inventory (Pratt, 1998) was used to collect data from 272 PE teachers. Descriptive statistics, MANOVAs, and correlational procedures were used for quantitative data analysis.…

Problem-Based Learning in the Physical Science Classroom, K-12

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McConnell, Tom J.; Parker, Joyce; Eberhardt, Janet

2018-01-01

"Problem-Based Learning in the Physical Science Classroom, K-12" will help your students truly understand concepts such as motion, energy, and magnetism in true-to-life contexts. The book offers a comprehensive description of why, how, and when to implement problem-based learning (PBL) in your curriculum. Its 14 developmentally…

Obstacles Perceived by Physical Education Teachers to Integrating ICT

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Villalba, Ana; González-Rivera, María Dolores; Díaz-Pulido, Belén

2017-01-01

Teachers find difficulties and barriers about integrating technology in the physical education classroom. Therefore, the aim of this study is to analyse the perception of PE teachers regarding obstacles to integrating ICT and its relation with their age. The methodology followed was quantitative and descriptive in nature. The participants were 400…

Comparison of Critical Thinking Dispositions of Prospective Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turan, Hakan

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to compare the critical thinking dispositions of prospective teachers. In the study, survey model, which is a descriptive research method, was used. The sample of the research consisted of 1123 students studying at the Department of Physical Education and Sports Teacher at the Schools of Physical Education and Sports…

Safety and Survival Education: Individualized Health Incentive Program Modules for Physically Disabled Students for Grades Kindergarten Through Twelve.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reggio, Kathryn D.; And Others

The first in a series of health education modules for physically handicapped students (grades K-12) presents curricula for safety and survival education. An introductory section reviews descriptions and safety considerations for specific disabilities and discusses procedures for developing individualized health incentive modules in safety…

Vocational-Technical Physics Project. Instructor's Manual. Field Test Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forsyth Technical Inst., Winston-Salem, NC.

This instructor's manual in vocational physics consists of five modules: Jacks, Thermometers, The Alternator, The Pool Table, and The Radiator. It is an individualized approach, designed for use with accompanying student manuals on each of the individual modules. Each module in the instructor's manual consists of a general description plus an…

An Introduction to the Memristor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkin, Keith

2013-01-01

In recent years there has been a revolution in electronics, with a variety of physical phenomena being utilized in the construction of new types of memory circuits for computer application. A device which has had an increasing role is the memristor, whose description and properties have so far had little mention in physics education. This paper…

The pdf approach to turbulent polydispersed two-phase flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minier, Jean-Pierre; Peirano, Eric

2001-10-01

The purpose of this paper is to develop a probabilistic approach to turbulent polydispersed two-phase flows. The two-phase flows considered are composed of a continuous phase, which is a turbulent fluid, and a dispersed phase, which represents an ensemble of discrete particles (solid particles, droplets or bubbles). Gathering the difficulties of turbulent flows and of particle motion, the challenge is to work out a general modelling approach that meets three requirements: to treat accurately the physically relevant phenomena, to provide enough information to address issues of complex physics (combustion, polydispersed particle flows, …) and to remain tractable for general non-homogeneous flows. The present probabilistic approach models the statistical dynamics of the system and consists in simulating the joint probability density function (pdf) of a number of fluid and discrete particle properties. A new point is that both the fluid and the particles are included in the pdf description. The derivation of the joint pdf model for the fluid and for the discrete particles is worked out in several steps. The mathematical properties of stochastic processes are first recalled. The various hierarchies of pdf descriptions are detailed and the physical principles that are used in the construction of the models are explained. The Lagrangian one-particle probabilistic description is developed first for the fluid alone, then for the discrete particles and finally for the joint fluid and particle turbulent systems. In the case of the probabilistic description for the fluid alone or for the discrete particles alone, numerical computations are presented and discussed to illustrate how the method works in practice and the kind of information that can be extracted from it. Comments on the current modelling state and propositions for future investigations which try to link the present work with other ideas in physics are made at the end of the paper.

Technological development of spectral filters for Sentinel-2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schröter, Karin; Schallenberg, Uwe; Mohaupt, Matthias

2017-11-01

In the frame of the initiative for Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES), jointly undertaken by the European Commission and the European Space Agency a technological development of two filter assemblies was performed for the Multi- Spectral Instrument (MSI) for Sentinel-2. The multispectral pushbroom imaging of the Earth will be performed in 10 VNIR bands (from 443 nm to 945nm) and 3 SWIR bands (from 1375 nm to 2190 nm). Possible filter coating techniques and masking concepts were considered in the frame of trade-off studies. The selected deposition concept is based on self-blocked all-dielectric multilayer band pass filter. Band pass and blocking characteristic is deposited on the space side of a single filter substrate whereas the detector side of the substrate has an antireflective coating. The space- and detector side masking design is realized by blades integrated in the mechanical parts including the mechanical interface to the filter assembly support on the MSI focal plane. The feasibility and required performance of the VNIR Filter Assembly and SWIR Filter Assembly were successfully demonstrated by breadboarding. Extensive performance tests of spectral and optical parameters and environmental tests (radiation, vibration, shock, thermal vacuum cycling, humidity) were performed on filter stripe- and filter assembly level. The presentation will contain a detailed description of the filter assembly design and the results of the performance and environmental tests.

Neonatal mortality in Argentina. Situation analysis from 2005 to 2014.

PubMed

Finkelstein, Juliana Z; Duhau, Mariana; Fasola, María L; Escobar, Paola

2017-08-01

Neonatal mortality (NM) refers to deaths occurring between birth and 27 days of life. This component of infant mortality has shown the least reduction over the past 50 years. The objective of this study was to analyze the course and characteristics of NM in Argentina. This was a descriptive, ecological study of NM in Argentina conducted between 2005 and 2014 to analyze its course, causes, and the relevance of prematurity and a low birth weight. Records of the Health Statistics and Information Department of the Ministry of Health of Argentina were used. The neonatal mortality rate reduced by 19.2% (2005: 8.9‰; 2014: 7.2‰); the early component (between birth and 6 days of life), by 20% (2005: 6.5‰; 2014: 5.2‰); and the late component (between 7 and 27 days of life), by 13% (2005: 2.3‰; 2014: 2‰). Disorders originating in the perinatal period and congenital malformations were the cause of more than 95% of neonatal deaths in this period. The relative significance of disorders originating in the perinatal period reduced, but that of congenital malformations increased. Preterm and low birth weight live births had the greatest risk of neonatal death. A younger gestational age and a lower birth weight resulted in a lower reduction of specific neonatal mortality rate. In the past 10 years, NM has reduced significantly. Disorders originating in the perinatal period and congenital malformations were the cause of almost all deaths in this age group. NM was associated with a low birth weight and prematurity. Sociedad Argentina de Pediatría

Detained Male Adolescent Offender's Emotional, Physical and Sexual Maltreatment Profiles and Their Associations to Psychiatric Disorders and Criminal Behaviors.

PubMed

Aebi, Marcel; Linhart, Susanne; Thun-Hohenstein, Leonhard; Bessler, Cornelia; Steinhausen, Hans-Christoph; Plattner, Belinda

2015-07-01

The objective of the present study was to analyse patterns of emotional, physical and sexual maltreatment in detained male juvenile offenders using latent class analysis (LCA). The association of maltreatment related LCA profiles with psychopathology and criminal behaviors was also studied. LCA based on the items of the Child Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) assessing childhood emotional, physical, and sexual abuse was performed in a sample of 260 male adolescent offenders (mean age = 16.5 years, SD = 1.29 years). Chi square tests and general linear models were performed to assess the associations of CTQ profiles with categorical interview-based psychiatric disorders, dimensional Youth Self-Report problem scales, and officially registered offenses. LCA suggested a three class solution: (1) a no/mild trauma (NM; 76 %) (2) emotional and physical trauma (EP; 18 %) and (3) emotional, physical, and sexual trauma (EPS; 8 %). The classes EP and EPS were related to a variety of psychiatric disorders and self-reported mental health problems. Furthermore, EPS showed higher presence of a subsequent re-incarceration compared to NM. A majority of sexually abused juveniles also experienced emotional and physical abuse reflecting gravely disturbed family systems. Multiple abuse in childhood was associated with a broad variety of disorders including externalizing disorders and repeated criminal offending. Such findings indicate that trauma assessment is also relevant in externalizing youth. A comprehensive treatment approach for detained boys with multiple abuse experiences is required targeting both mental health needs and the reduction of criminal behaviors.

[Nutritional evaluation and physical functional ability in scleroderma patients].

PubMed

Azevedo, Valderilio Feijó; Müller, Carolina de Souza; Rinaldi, Luciane; Bredt, Murilo Cézar; Giovanni, Karizianni; Pereira, Marcela Abou Chami; Volaco, Fernanda Copabianco

2009-01-01

Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) is an inflammatory disease that decreases functional capacity through muscular atrophy, skin sclerosis and loss of joint function. Scleroderma patients suffer from movement's restriction. In addition, the disease affects the nutritional status, compromising the quality of life in varying degrees. The gastrointestinal involvement appears to be the main responsible for the nutritional impairment. To evaluate the physical and nutritional status of patients with SSc. We conducted a cross-sectional and descriptive study in 20 patients with SSc. All patients were evaluated in Physioteraphy Clinic of the Catholic University of Paraná, from July 2003 to April 2004. The evaluation was performed by Bioimpedance Body (BIA), the questionnaires Nutritional Risk Assessment (Determine), Mini Nutritional Assessment of Aging and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain. The work muscle ability was assessed by measuring the peak torque of flexor and extensor muscles of the elbow in the isokinetic dynamometer Cybex Norm model 7000. We have calculated the mean and standard deviation for each variable analyzed, in addition to the percentage of peak torque deficit. The values of the VAS ranged from zero to 97.8 mm (mean: 48.9 +/- 32.9 mm). The HAQ scores ranged from zero to 2.75 (average: 0.95 +/- 0.8). The average BMI was 22.4 +/- 3.9 kg / m2. The average deficit of mass was: 1.3 +/- 2.1 kg. Ten patients had high nutritional risk. 1 patient was malnourished and 15 were at high risk for malnutrition. The average peak torque to the muscle groups of elbows was 19.2 +/- 5 N / m to the flexor and 21.9 +/-6.6 N/m for the extensors, with an average deficit of 17% and 13% for the both groups. We found that SSc patients were in poor nutritional status and had decreased functional and physical capacity by the weakening of the muscles of the elbow demonstrated by the isokinetic evaluation. We concluded that our SSc patients were at high risk for malnutrition and this may indicate that scleroderma patients need a better nutritional orientation. We do consider that SSc patients also must be included in physical activity programs in order to achieve better physical performance.

Theory-and evidence-based development and process evaluation of the Move More for Life program: a tailored-print intervention designed to promote physical activity among post-treatment breast cancer survivors

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Objective Several physical activity interventions have been effective in improving the health outcomes of breast cancer survivors. However, few interventions have provided detailed descriptions regarding how such interventions work. To develop evidence-based practice in this field, detailed descriptions of intervention development and delivery is needed. This paper aims to (1) describe the theory-and evidence-based development of the Move More for Life program, a physical activity program for breast cancer survivors; and (2) serve as an exemplar for theory-based applied research. Method The program-planning model outlined by Kreuter and colleagues was used to develop the computer-tailored intervention. Results The tailoring guide developed by Kreuter and colleagues served as a useful program planning tool in terms of integrating theory and evidence-based best practice into intervention strategies. Overall, participants rated the intervention positively, with the majority reporting that the tailored materials caught their attention, were personally relevant to them, and were useful for helping them to change their behaviour. However, there was considerable room for improvement. Conclusion The Move More for Life program is an example of a theory-based, low-cost and potentially sustainable strategy to physical activity promotion and may stand as an exemplar for Social Cognitive Theory-based applied research. By providing a detailed description of the development of the Move More for Life program, a critical evaluation of the working mechanisms of the intervention is possible, and will guide researchers in the replication or adaption and re-application of the specified techniques. This has potential implications for researchers examining physical activity promotion among cancer survivors and for researchers exploring distance-based physical activity promotion techniques among other populations. Trial registrations Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ANZCTR) identifier: ACTRN12611001061921. PMID:24192320

On the physics of the emergence of sensorimotor control in the absence of the brain.

PubMed

Matsuno, Koichiro

2015-12-01

The evolutionary origin of sensorimotor control requires a sort of physical durability, other than Galilean inertia being accessible in third-person description in the present tense. One candidate to address this need is the 'class property' of a material body's durability remaining invariant during the exchange of component elements. Using grammatical tense as a descriptive attribute, this durability is accessible only in the frequent update of the present perfect tense in the present progressive tense at the 'now' of the present moment. In this view, the update of the perfect tense is equated with the onset and occurrence of on/off switching behavior of physical origin underlying the phenomena of sensorimotor control. Notably, the physical update of the perfect tense is specific only to the 'now and here' that is central in the tradition of phenomenology. The phenomena upholding thermodynamics, when taken apart from its theory, are decisive in facilitating the onset of sensorimotor control. Instrumental to the emergence of both life in general and sensorimotor control in particular may be the occurrence of a 'physical and chemical affinity' of the material bodies of whatever type. Such will let the constant exchange of component elements be feasible, so that the class identity equipped with the capacity for measurement is made available within the phenomenon. Material bodies constantly exchanging such component elements would make the material world open to biology by allowing each element to experience the organizational whole from within. The internal observer responsible for the origins of life may do double duty of letting itself be durable on the material basis while observing the conditions making it durable on the linguistic ground. The origins of life appear to us a material phenomenon when they are approached with use of our linguistic tools that can get rid of the strict stipulation of an abstract nature applied to the description of dynamical laws in physics. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Fourier domain mode locking at 1050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography of the human retina at 236,000 axial scans per second.

PubMed

Huber, R; Adler, D C; Srinivasan, V J; Fujimoto, J G

2007-07-15

A Fourier domain mode-locked (FDML) laser at 1050 nm for ultra-high-speed optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of the human retina is demonstrated. Achievable performance, physical limitations, design rules, and scaling principles for FDML operation and component choice in this wavelength range are discussed. The fiber-based FDML laser operates at a sweep rate of 236 kHz over a 63 nm tuning range, with 7 mW average output power. Ultra-high-speed retinal imaging is demonstrated at 236,000 axial scans per second. This represents a speed improvement of approximately10x over typical high-speed OCT systems, paving the way for densely sampled volumetric data sets and new imaging protocols.

Fabrication and characterization of microcavity lasers in rhodamine B doped SU8 using high energy proton beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venugopal Rao, S.; Bettiol, A. A.; Vishnubhatla, K. C.; Bhaktha, S. N. B.; Narayana Rao, D.; Watt, F.

2007-03-01

The authors present their results on the characterization of individual dye-doped microcavity polymer lasers fabricated using a high energy proton beam. The lasers were fabricated in rhodamine B doped SU8 resist with a single exposure step followed by chemical processing. The resulting trapezoidal shaped cavities had dimensions of ˜250×250μm2. Physical characterization of these structures was performed using a scanning electron microscope while the optical characterization was carried out by recording the emission subsequent to pumping the lasers with 532nm, 6 nanosecond pulses. The authors observed intense, narrow emission near 624nm with the best emission linewidth full width at half maximum of ˜9nm and a threshold ˜150μJ/mm2.

Comparative laser Doppler measurement on tooth pulp blood flow at 632 and 750 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oberg, P. Ake; Pettersson, Hans; Rohman, Hakan

1993-12-01

Laser-Doppler flowmetry has been used for the assessment of pulp blood flow in health and disease. General purpose laser Doppler instruments working at the Helium-Neon (632,8 nm) as well as IR (750 - 810 nm) wavelengths have been used in this application. Specially designed handheld equipment has also been used to assess blood supply to the tooth. A considerable difference in the measurement results have been noticed when using different wavelengths and probe designs. In this study some of the problems related to the use of various wavelengths and probe designs are studied in human teeth and in a physical model of a tooth. Our results support the early observation that measurements at different wavelengths and with different probe designs cannot be directly compared.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Bochong; Kubota, Hitoshi, E-mail: hit-kubota@aist.go.jp; Yakushiji, Kay

The dependence on diameter of the emission power in MgO-based nano-pillar spin torque oscillators (STOs) was systematically investigated. A maximum emission power of over 2.5 μW was obtained around 300 nm in diameter, which is the largest reported to date among the out-of-plane precession STOs. By analyzing physical quantities, precession cone angle of the free-layer magnetization was evaluated. In the diameter range below 300 nm, the increase in power was mainly due to the increase of the injected current. The power decrease above 300 nm is possibly attributed to the decrease in the averaged precession cone angle, suggesting spatial phase difference of magnetization precession.more » This study provides the method for estimating the optimum STO diameter, which is of great importance in practical use.« less

Aerosol physical and chemical properties retrieved from ground-based remote sensing measurements during heavy haze days in Beijing winter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Z.; Gu, X.; Wang, L.; Li, D.; Xie, Y.; Li, K.; Dubovik, O.; Schuster, G.; Goloub, P.; Zhang, Y.; Li, L.; Ma, Y.; Xu, H.

2013-10-01

With the increase in economic development over the past thirty years, many large cities in eastern and southwestern China are experiencing increased haze events and atmospheric pollution, causing significant impacts on the regional environment and even climate. However, knowledge on the aerosol physical and chemical properties in heavy haze conditions is still insufficient. In this study, two winter heavy haze events in Beijing that occurred in 2011 and 2012 were selected and investigated by using the ground-based remote sensing measurements. We used a CIMEL CE318 sun-sky radiometer to retrieve haze aerosol optical, physical and chemical properties, including aerosol optical depth (AOD), size distribution, complex refractive indices and aerosol fractions identified as black carbon (BC), brown carbon (BrC), mineral dust (DU), ammonium sulfate-like (AS) components and aerosol water content (AW). The retrieval results from a total of five haze days showed that the aerosol loading and properties during the two winter haze events were comparable. Therefore, average heavy haze property parameters were drawn to present a research case for future studies. The average AOD is about 3.0 at 440 nm, and the Ångström exponent is 1.3 from 440 to 870 nm. The fine-mode AOD is 2.8 corresponding to a fine-mode fraction of 0.93. The coarse particles occupied a considerable volume fraction of the bimodal size distribution in winter haze events, with the mean particle radius of 0.21 and 2.9 μm for the fine and coarse modes respectively. The real part of the refractive indices exhibited a relatively flat spectral behavior with an average value of 1.48 from 440 to 1020 nm. The imaginary part showed spectral variation, with the value at 440 nm (about 0.013) higher than the other three wavelengths (about 0.008 at 675 nm). The aerosol composition retrieval results showed that volume fractions of BC, BrC, DU, AS and AW are 1, 2, 49, 15 and 33%, respectively, on average for the investigated haze events. The preliminary uncertainty estimation and comparison of these remote sensing results with in situ BC and PM2.5 measurements are also presented in the paper.

Optical, physical and chemical properties of transported African mineral dust aerosols in the Mediterranean region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Denjean, Cyrielle; Di Biagio, Claudia; Chevaillier, Servanne; Gaimoz, Cécile; Grand, Noel; Loisil, Rodrigue; Triquet, Sylvain; Zapf, Pascal; Roberts, Greg; Bourrianne, Thierry; Torres, Benjamin; Blarel, Luc; Sellegri, Karine; Freney, Evelyn; Schwarzenbock, Alfons; Ravetta, François; Laurent, Benoit; Mallet, Marc; Formenti, Paola

2014-05-01

The transport of mineral dust aerosols is a global phenomenon with strong climate implications. Depending on the travel distance over source regions, the atmospheric conditions and the residence time in the atmosphere, various transformation processes (size-selective sedimentation, mixing, condensation of gaseous species, and weathering) can modify the physical and chemical properties of mineral dust, which, in turn, can change the dust's optical properties. The model predictions of the radiative effect by mineral dust still suffer of the lack of certainty of these properties, and their temporal evolution with transport time. Within the frame of the ChArMex project (Chemistry-Aerosol Mediterranean experiment, http://charmex.lsce.ipsl.fr/), two intensive airborne campaigns (TRAQA, TRansport and Air QuAlity, 18 June - 11 July 2012, and ADRIMED, Aerosol Direct Radiative Impact in the regional climate in the MEDiterranean region, 06 June - 08 July 2013) have been performed over the Central and Western Mediterranean, one of the two major transport pathways of African mineral dust. In this study we have set up a systematic strategy to determine the optical, physical and optical properties of mineral dust to be compared to an equivalent dataset for dust close to source regions in Africa. This study is based on airborne observations onboard the SAFIRE ATR-42 aircraft, equipped with state of the art in situ instrumentation to measure the particle scattering and backscattering coefficients (nephelometer at 450, 550, and 700 nm), the absorption coefficient (PSAP at 467, 530, and 660 nm), the extinction coefficient (CAPS at 530 nm), the aerosol optical depth (PLASMA at 340 to 1640 nm), the size distribution in the extended range 40 nm - 30 µm by the combination of different particle counters (SMPS, USHAS, FSSP, GRIMM) and the chemical composition obtained by filter sampling. The chemistry and transport model CHIMERE-Dust have been used to classify the air masses according to the dust origin and transport. Case studies of dust transport from known but differing origins (source regions in Tunisia, Algeria, and Mauritania) and at different times after transport, will be presented. Results will be compared to equivalent measurements over source regions interpreted in terms of the evolution of the particle size distribution, chemical composition and optical properties.

Direct access: factors that affect physical therapist practice in the state of Ohio.

PubMed

McCallum, Christine A; DiAngelis, Tom

2012-05-01

Direct access to physical therapist services is permitted by law in the majority of states and across all practice settings. Ohio enacted such legislation in 2004; however, it was unknown how direct access had affected actual clinical practice. The purpose of this study was to describe physical therapist and physical therapist practice environment factors that affect direct access practice. A 2-phase, mixed-method descriptive study was conducted. In the first phase, focus group interviews with 32 purposively selected physical therapists were completed, which resulted in 8 themes for an electronically distributed questionnaire. In the second phase, survey questionnaires were distributed to physical therapists with an e-mail address on file with the Ohio licensing board. An adjusted return rate of 23% was achieved. Data were analyzed for descriptive statistics. A constant comparative method assessed open-ended questions for common themes and patterns. Thirty-one percent of the respondents reported using direct access in physical therapist practice; however, 80% reported they would practice direct access if provided the opportunity. Physical therapists who practiced direct access were more likely to be in practice 6 years or more and hold advanced degrees beyond the entry level, were American Physical Therapy Association members, and had supportive management and organizational practice policies. The direct access physical therapist practice was generally a locally owned suburban private practice or a school-based clinic that saw approximately 6% to 10% of its patients by direct access. The majority of patients treated were adults with musculoskeletal or neuromuscular impairments. Nonresponse from e-mail may be associated with sample frame bias. Implementation of a direct access physical therapist practice model is evident in Ohio. Factors related to reimbursement and organizational policy appear to impede the process.

Tobacco Cessation Counseling Training in US Entry-Level Physical Therapist Education Curricula: Prevalence, Content, and Associated Factors

PubMed Central

Gurka, Matthew J.; Jones, Dina L.; Kershner, Ruth E.; Ohtake, Patricia J.; Stauber, William T.; Swisher, Anne K.

2014-01-01

Background The US Public Health Service (USPHS) recommends tobacco cessation counseling (TCC) training for all health care professionals. Within physical therapist practice, smoking can have adverse effects on treatment outcomes in all body systems. In addition, people with physical disabilities have a higher smoking prevalence than the general population, creating a strong need for tobacco cessation among physical therapy clientele. Therefore, TCC training is an important component of entry-level physical therapist education. Objective The aims of this study were: (1) to determine need for TCC training within entry-level physical therapist education and (2) to identify potential barriers to implementation of USPHS guidelines in the academic environment. Design A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted. Methods Directors or academic coordinators of clinical education from entry-level physical therapist programs (N=204) were surveyed using an online instrument designed specifically for this study. Data regarding program and faculty characteristics, tobacco-related training content, and faculty opinions toward TCC in both physical therapist practice and education were analyzed descriptively. Results The response rate was 71%. A majority (60%) of programs indicated inclusion of tobacco-related training, most commonly 1 to 2 hours in duration, and of these programs, 40% trained students in the implementation of USPHS clinical guidelines for TCC. Limitations Data analyses were constrained by limited or missing data in some areas. A single faculty member completed the survey for each program. Conclusions There is a need for TCC training in entry-level physical therapist education. Inclusion may be facilitated by addressing perceived barriers toward TCC as a component of physical therapist practice and promoting the relevance of TCC as it relates to intended outcomes of physical therapy interventions. PMID:24830717

Descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in university graduates with locomotor disabilities.

PubMed

Washburn, R; Hedrick, B N

1997-09-01

The descriptive epidemiology of physical activity in a sample of 577 University of Illinois graduates (1952-1991) with locomotor disabilities was assessed by mail survey. The survey requested basic demographic information, age, gender, marital status, household income. Respondents were asked to rate their current activity levels and activity levels during their college years compared to others their age on a 5 point scale: (1) much less active to (5) much more active. Completed surveys were received from 229 alumni (40%); 59 semi-ambulatory, 115 paraplegic, 55 quadriplegic. Results indicated current physical activity was associated with mobility limitation. With more severe mobility limitations the percentage reporting being less/much less active increased (42.4% semi-ambulatory, 56.5% paraplegic, 66.7% quadriplegic, P < 0.001) and the percentage reporting being more active decreased (20.3% semi-ambulatory, 16.5% paraplegic, 13.0% quadriplegic, P < 0.001). Current physical activity was significantly lower (P < 0.05) with increasing age, lower self-rated health, higher disability severity and among those who were sedentary during college. Physical activity did not differ by gender, marital status or household income. Multiple regression analysis indicated that health status was a significant predictor of current physical activity in all mobility categories (P < 0.001) after controlling for age, gender, income, disability severity and college activity. Among both paraplegics and quadriplegics physical activity during college was significantly associated (P < 0.001 paraplegic; P < 0.01 quadriplegic) with current physical activity. These results document a low level of physical activity in a well-educated sample of individuals with locomotor disabilities and suggest that exposure to physical activity in an educational setting may be an effective technique for increasing physical activity in individuals with locomotor disabilities.

Physical Therapists' Role in Health Promotion as Perceived by the Patient: Descriptive Survey.

PubMed

Black, Beth; Ingman, MarySue; Janes, Jamie

2016-10-01

The importance of health professionals discussing health behaviors with patients is emphasized in Healthy People 2020, the national health objectives established by the US Department of Health and Human Services. Many physical therapists do not routinely discuss health behaviors with their patients. One reason may be uncertainty about how these discussions might be perceived by patients. The primary purpose of this study was to determine patients' opinions regarding physical therapists discussing the topics of physical activity, smoking, fruit and vegetable consumption, and maintaining a healthy weight during clinical visits. A secondary purpose was to determine whether patients believe that physical therapists should be role models for these behaviors. This was a descriptive cross-sectional survey. Patients were surveyed at 8 outpatient clinics in Michigan and Minnesota. A written questionnaire collected information about the participants' health behaviors, their opinions about physical therapists discussing their health behaviors during clinical visits, and their opinions about physical therapists role-modeling healthy behaviors. The survey response rate was 45.6%. A total of 230 patients participated. Most participants agreed that physical therapists should speak to them about physical activity (91.3%), maintaining a healthy weight (73%), and abstaining from smoking (51.3%). Fewer participants agreed that physical therapists should advise them about fruit and vegetable consumption (32.1%). The majority of participants agreed that physical therapists should be role models for engaging in regular physical activity (83.4%), maintaining a healthy weight (71.7%), and abstaining from smoking (63.9%). Limitations of this study include the potential for response bias and limited generalizability. Most participants believed it is appropriate for physical therapists to speak with them about and be role models for the behaviors of physical activity, maintaining a healthy weight, and abstaining from smoking. Physical therapists have the opportunity to support the goals of Healthy People 2020 by discussing health behaviors with their patients. © 2016 American Physical Therapy Association.

Let’s have a coffee with the Standard Model of particle physics!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Woithe, Julia; Wiener, Gerfried J.; Van der Veken, Frederik F.

2017-05-01

The Standard Model of particle physics is one of the most successful theories in physics and describes the fundamental interactions between elementary particles. It is encoded in a compact description, the so-called ‘Lagrangian’, which even fits on t-shirts and coffee mugs. This mathematical formulation, however, is complex and only rarely makes it into the physics classroom. Therefore, to support high school teachers in their challenging endeavour of introducing particle physics in the classroom, we provide a qualitative explanation of the terms of the Lagrangian and discuss their interpretation based on associated Feynman diagrams.

Cloud Physics Lidar Optical Measurements During the SAFARI-2000 Field Campaign

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hlavka, Dennis L.; McGill, Matt; Hart, William D.; Spinhirne, James D.; Starr, David OC. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

In this presentation, we will show new optical data processing results from the Cloud Physics War during SAFARI-2000. Retrieved products include aerosol and cloud layer location and identification, layer optical depths, vertical extinction profiles, and extinction-to-backscatter (S) ratios for 532 and 1064 nm. The retrievals will focus on the persistent and smoky planetary boundary layer and occasional elevated aerosol layers found in southern Africa during August and September 2000.

Frequency Conversion of Single Photons: Physics, Devices, and Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Ginzton lab who have also been instrumental have been Steve Sensarn, Il-Woong Jung , Kelley Rivoire, Gary Shambat, Sonia Buckley, Kiarash Aghaie, Na...My initial projects in the Fejer group were focused on modeling a synchronously pumped OPO for terahertz generation. A ps-pulsed 1064-nm laser...detection of the spin state of a single nucleus in silicon. Physical Review B, 69(12):125306, March 2004. BIBLIOGRAPHY 151 [116] Carl A. Kocher and

3D-DIVIMP(HC) code modeling of DIII-D DiMES porous plug injector experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mu, Y.; Elder, J. D.; Stangeby, P. C.; McLean, A. G.

2011-08-01

A Porous Plug Injector (PPI) system for the Divertor Material Evaluation System (DiMES) on DIII-D has been employed for in situ study of chemical erosion in the tokamak divertor environment. The 3D-DIVIMP(HC) code has been applied to the interpretation of the CI, CII and other spectroscopic measurements made at the PPI location, for (a) the synthetic source due to injection of CH4 through the PPI, and (b) the natural emission from the PPI head itself, which was inserted above surrounding graphite tiles by ˜0.3 mm.The code successfully replicated the MDS (spectrometer)-measured absolute emissions of CH, CI, CII 427 nm, 514 nm, and 658 nm [1] and the DiMES TV-measured spatial shapes of the CH, CI, and CII 514 nm [1] emission "clouds" to within the combined uncertainties. It is thus concluded that the most important physics and chemistry of chemical sputtering have most likely been included in the model.

Polarization-independent triangular-groove fused-silica gratings with high efficiency at a wavelength of 1550 nm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Hongchao; Zhou, Changhe; Feng, Jijun; Lv, Peng; Ma, Jianyong

2010-11-01

We describe polarization-independent triangular-groove fused-silica gratings illuminated by incident lights in the C + L bands as (de)multiplexers for dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) application. The physical mechanisms of the grating can be shown clearly by using the simplified modal method with consideration of the corresponding accumulated average phase difference of two excited propagating grating modes, which illustrates that the grating structure depends mainly on the ratio of the average effective indices difference to the incident wavelength. Exact grating profile is optimized by using the rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). With the optimized grating parameters, the grating exhibits diffraction efficiencies of greater than 90% under TE- and TM-polarized incident lights for 101 nm spectral bandwidths (1500-1601 nm) and it can reach an efficiency of more than 99% for both polarizations at a wavelength of 1550 nm. Without loss of metal absorption, coating of dielectric film layers, the designed triangular-groove fused-silica grating should be of great interest for DWDM application.

Upwelled spectral radiance distribution in relation to particulate matter in sea water

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, D. K.; Strong, A. E.; Baker, E. T.

1980-01-01

Spectral analysis of water color and concurrent measurements of the relative concentration of various particulate and dissolved constituents within a broad range of water types are necessary to quantify ocean color observations and successfully relate them to various biological and physical processes that can be monitored by remote sensing. Some of the results of a Nimbus-G prelaunch cruise in connection with the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) experiment, which was carried out in the Gulf of Mexico in October 1977, are presented and discussed. Based upon a small but diverse sample of near-surface measurements, it appears possible to estimate total suspended particulate matter (SPM) to useful accuracies by forming ratios of the spectral radiances measured at wavelengths falling near the centers of certain CZCS bands, viz., 440 nm:550 nm and 440 nm:520 nm. Furthermore, the analysis suggests a very high degree of covariation between SPM and phytoplankton pigments except for certain well-defined special cases.

IRI STORM validation over Europe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haralambous, Haris; Vryonides, Photos; Demetrescu, Crişan; Dobrică, Venera; Maris, Georgeta; Ionescu, Diana

2014-05-01

The International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model includes an empirical Storm-Time Ionospheric Correction Model (STORM) extension to account for storm-time changes of the F layer peak electron density (NmF2) during increased geomagnetic activity. This model extension is driven by past history values of the geomagnetic index ap (The magnetic index applied is the integral of ap over the previous 33 hours with a weighting function deduced from physically based modeling) and it adjusts the quiet-time F layer peak electron density (NmF2) to account for storm-time changes in the ionosphere. In this investigation manually scaled hourly values of NmF2 measured during the main and recovery phases of selected storms for the maximum solar activity period of the current solar cycle are compared with the predicted IRI-2012 NmF2 over European ionospheric stations using the STORM model option. Based on the comparison a subsequent performance evaluation of the STORM option during this period is quantified.

High-resolution absorption cross sections of carbon monoxide bands at 295 K between 91.7 and 100.4 nanometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stark, G.; Yoshino, K.; Smith, Peter L.; Ito, K.; Parkinson, W. H.

1991-01-01

Theoretical descriptions of the abundance and excitation of carbon monoxide in interstellar clouds require accurate data on the vacuum-ultraviolet absorption spectrum of the molecule. The 6.65 m spectrometer at the Photon Factory synchrotron light source was used to measure photoabsorption cross sections of CO features between 91.2 and 100.4 nm. These data were recorded at a resolving power of 170,000, more than 20 times greater than that used in previous work.

Penguin Fact Sheet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flotsam and Jetsam: A Newsletter for Massachusetts Marine Educators, 1985

1985-01-01

Presents factual information on penguins using an outline format. Includes descriptions of physical characteristics, behavioral mechanisms, geographical distribution, and physiological processes. Provides separate bibliographies for teachers and students. (ML)

Growth, spectroscopy and lasing of the Yb-doped monoclinic Gd2SiO5 in the prospect of hydrogen laser cooling with Lyman-α radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabaret, L.; Robert, J.; Lebbou, K.; Brenier, A.; Cabane, H.

2016-12-01

We have grown good optical quality 10% Yb-doped Gd2SiO5 monocrystal by the Czochralski technique. The Yb segregation coefficient was measured to be 0.747. In agreement with the monoclinic symmetry of the host, the Yb fluorescence extrema were found to deviate from the Nm and Ng principal axes and a fourth spectroscopic parameter representing the rotation of the fluorescence distribution was introduced for a full description. Diode pumped laser operation at Brewster incidence was demonstrated to be significantly more efficient if the lasing propagation corresponds to the maximum fluorescence inside the crystal. We obtained a laser emission tunable between 1079 and 1100 nm, showing that our crystal is the best choice for the application to the production of QCW Lyman-α radiation by resonant four-wave-mixing in mercury vapor.

Nanomanufacturing-related programs at NSF

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cooper, Khershed P.

2015-08-01

The National Science Foundation is meeting the challenge of transitioning lab-scale nanoscience and technology to commercial-scale through several nanomanufacturing-related research programs. The goal of the core Nanomanufacturing (NM) and the inter-disciplinary Scalable Nanomanufacturing (SNM) programs is to meet the barriers to manufacturability at the nano-scale by developing the fundamental principles for the manufacture of nanomaterials, nanostructures, nanodevices, and engineered nanosystems. These programs address issues such as scalability, reliability, quality, performance, yield, metrics, and cost, among others. The NM and SNM programs seek nano-scale manufacturing ideas that are transformative, that will be widely applicable and that will have far-reaching technological and societal impacts. It is envisioned that the results from these basic research programs will provide the knowledge base for larger programs such as the manufacturing Nanotechnology Science and Engineering Centers (NSECs) and the Nanosystems Engineering Research Centers (NERCs). Besides brief descriptions of these different programs, this paper will include discussions on novel

Index of refraction measurements and window corrections for PMMA under shock compression

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chapman, David James; Eakins, Daniel E.; Williamson, David Martin; Proud, William

2012-03-01

Symmetric plate impact experiments were performed to investigate the change in the refractive index of Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) under shock loading. Flyer and target geometries allowed the measurement of shock velocity, particle velocity, and refractive index in the shocked state, using a Het-V system (1550 nm). The change in refractive index of PMMA as a function of density is generally considered to be well described by the Gladstone-Dale relationship, meaning that the "apparent" velocity measured by a laser velocity interferometer is the "true" velocity, and hence there is no window correction. The results presented here demonstrate that the behaviour of PMMA deviates from an ideal Gladstone-Dale description, requiring a small velocity correction of order 1% at peak stresses up to 1.9 GPa. These results are consistent with literature values measured using a wavelength of 632.8 nm by [1].

K-TIF: a two-fluid computer program for downcomer flow dynamics. [PWR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amsden, A.A.; Harlow, F.H.

1977-10-01

The K-TIF computer program has been developed for numerical solution of the time-varying dynamics of steam and water in a pressurized water reactor downcomer. The current status of physical and mathematical modeling is presented in detail. The report also contains a complete description of the numerical solution technique, a full description and listing of the computer program, instructions for its use, with a sample printout for a specific test problem. A series of calculations, performed with no change in the modeling parameters, shows consistent agreement with the experimental trends over a wide range of conditions, which gives confidence to themore » calculations as a basis for investigating the complicated physics of steam-water flows in the downcomer.« less

Skylab experiments. Volume 1: Physical science, solar astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The basic subject of this volume is the solar astronomy program conducted on Skylab. In addition to descriptions of the individual experiments and the principles involved in their performance, a brief description is included of the sun and the energy characteristics associated with each zone. Wherever possible, related classroom activities have been identified and discussed in some detail. It will be apparent that the relationships rest not only in the field of solar astronomy, but also in the following subjects: (1) physics - optics, electromagnetic spectrum, atomic structure, etc.; (2) chemistry - emission spectra, kinetic theory, X-ray absorption, etc.; (3) biology - radiation and dependence on the sun; (4) electronics - cathode ray tubes, detectors, photomultipliers, etc.; (5) photography; (6) astronomy; and (7) industrial arts.

Shoulder joint loading and posture during medicine cart pushing task.

PubMed

Xu, Xu; Lin, Jia-Hua; Boyer, Jon

2013-01-01

Excessive physical loads and awkward shoulder postures during pushing and pulling are risk factors for shoulder pain. Pushing a medicine cart is a major component of a work shift for nurses and medical assistants in hospitals and other health care facilities. A laboratory experiment was conducted to examine the effects of common factors (e.g., lane congestion, cart load stability, floor surface friction) on shoulder joint moment and shoulder elevation angle of participants during cart pushing. Participants pushed a medicine cart on straight tracks and turning around right-angle corners. Peak shoulder joint moments reached 25.1 Nm, 20.3 Nm, and 26.8 Nm for initial, transition, and turning phases of the pushing tasks, indicating that shoulder joint loading while pushing a medical cart is comparable to levels previously reported from heavy manual activities encountered in industry (e.g., garbage collection). Also, except for user experience, all other main study factors, including congestion level, cart load stability, location of transition strip, shoulder tendency, surface friction, and handedness, significantly influenced shoulder joint moment and shoulder elevation angle. The findings provide a better understanding of shoulder exposures associated with medicine cart operations and may be helpful in designing and optimizing the physical environment where medicine carts are used.

Magnetoreception in birds: different physical processes for two types of directional responses

PubMed Central

Wiltschko, Roswitha; Stapput, Katrin; Ritz, Thorsten; Thalau, Peter; Wiltschko, Wolfgang

2007-01-01

Migratory orientation in birds involves an inclination compass based on radical-pair processes. Under certain light regimes, however, “fixed-direction” responses are observed that do not undergo the seasonal change between spring and autumn typical for migratory orientation. To identify the underlying transduction mechanisms, we analyzed a fixed-direction response under a combination of 502 nm turquoise and 590 nm yellow light, with migratory orientation under 565 nm green light serving as the control. High-frequency fields, diagnostic for a radical-pair mechanism, disrupted migratory orientation without affecting fixed-direction responses. Local anaesthesia of the upper beak where magnetite is found in birds, in contrast, disrupted the fixed-direction response without affecting migratory orientation. The two types of responses are thus based on different physical principles, with the compass response based on a radical pair mechanism and the fixed-direction responses probably originating in magnetite-based receptors in the upper beak. Directional input from these receptors seems to affect the behavior only when the regular inclination compass does not work properly. Evolutionary considerations suggest that magnetite-based receptors may represent an ancient mechanism that, in birds, has been replaced by the modern inclination compass based on radical-pair processes now used for directional orientation. PMID:19404459

Characterization of Graphene Grown Directly on Crystalline Substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rothwell, Sara L.

Graphene has become one of the most popular materials under research, particularly since the 2010 Nobel Prize in Physics. Many visions posit that graphene electronics will be some of the fastest and smallest circuitry physically feasible, however before this becomes reality the scientific community must gain a firm handle on the creation of semiconducting varieties of graphene. In addition, well understood epitaxial growth of graphene on insulating materials will add to the facility of fabricating all-carbon electronics. This thesis presents experimental work detailing the growth of pristine graphene grown on sapphire (GOS) through the thermal decomposition of acetylene, and the electronic characterization of graphene grown on nitrogen-seeded silicon carbide (NG), a semiconducting variety of graphene grown in collaboration with researchers at Georgia Institute of Technology and Rutgers University. GOS displays turbostratic stacking and characteristics of monolayer graphene as analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy. Scanning tunneling microscopy characterization of NG illustrates a topography of pleats from 0.5-2 nm tall, 1-4 nm thick, and 1-20 nm long, as well as atomically flat plateaus and other areas of intermixed features. Scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements across NG features show peaks interpreted as Landau levels induced by strain. Analysis of these Landau levels in coordination with previous characterization concludes that a model employing a bandgap fits best.

Effect of AgCl NPs: Physical, thermal, absorption and luminescence properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nurhafizah, H.; Rohani, M. S.

2017-06-01

Silver nanoparticles (AgCl NPs) are embedded in Er3+/Nd3+ co-doped lithium niobate tellurite glasses of the form (68-x)TeO2-15Li2CO3-15Nb2O5-1Er2O3-1Nd2O3-(x)AgCl with x = 1,2 and 3 mol% via conventional melt-quenching technique. The physical properties such as density, ionic packing density, refractive index and electronic polarizability are computed utilizing the usual method. The existence of AgCl NPs with an average size of 3.7 nm is confirmed using TEM analysis. Moreover, the thermal stability and Hruby criterion of the glass decreases as the AgCl NPs content increases. The direct optical band gap are found decrease as the AgCl NPs content increase, but both indirect optical band gap and Urbach energy are found increases as AgCl NPs content increases. The luminescence spectra shows two strong emission which is the purple emission at 436 nm and red emission at 724 nm which also been observed has strong quenching due to the AgCl NPs, Er3+/Nd3+ dopant and modifier, lithium niobate which possessed magnetic penetration. These glass compositions may be potential for various applications such as solid state devices including laser.

Physical and anti-microbial characteristics of carbon nanoparticles prepared from lamp soot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohanty, B.; Verma, Anita K.; Claesson, P.; Bohidar, H. B.

2007-11-01

Soot originating from the burning of butter and mustard oil in a lamp with a cotton wick was collected on a brass plate and dispersed in water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) as naked, and as Gum Arabic (GA, a anionic polyelectrolyte)-coated nanoparticles in water. They were physically characterized, and their anti-bacterial activities were probed on gram positive and negative bacterial colonies. TEM data revealed the presence of 35-55 nm diameter spherical carbon nanoparticles in water and CCl4. The dynamic light scattering determined the average hydrodynamic diameter for the same samples, which was found to be ≈100 nm (in CCl4) and ≈240 nm (in water), implying the packing of these nanoparticles into clusters. GA-coated particles yielded stable suspensions in water, but the clusters were almost the same in size (≈250 nm). The zeta potential distributions of the naked and the GA-coated nanoparticles were found to be unimodal and bimodal, respectively, with both yielding mean zeta potential values nearly equal to zero. Results of energy-dispersive x-ray analysis (EDAX) confirmed the absence of toxic metallic elements inside the specimen. X-ray diffraction study confirmed the presence of amorphous as well as graphitized carbon in these nanostructures. The anti-microbial activities in terms of growth inhibition for the carbon nanoparticles against Staphylococcus aureus, ATCC 13709 (native strain) and Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 29655 (native strain) were assayed in agar gel. In vitro testing revealed significant anti-microbial activity against Klebsiella pneumonia, but carbon nanoparticles were unable to kill Staphylococcus aureus.

A day with the women physicists of Pakistan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasnain, Aziz Fatima; Islam, Aquila; Ali, Asima; Qureshi, Riffat Mehmood; Qamar, Anisa

2015-12-01

The Working Group on Women in Physics successfully organized a national-level meeting of women physicists at the National Centre for Physics, Quaid-e-Azam University, to discuss the agenda for the 5th IUPAP International Conference on Women in Physics. This report describes the outcome of the meeting and the status of female physicists in Pakistan. It also includes a comparative study of the enrollment of women in undergraduate and graduate programs in physics, along with a brief description of factors that create hurdles for female students opting for higher education in this field.

The Implementation of Physics Problem Solving Strategy Combined with Concept Map in General Physics Course

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidayati, H.; Ramli, R.

2018-04-01

This paper aims to provide a description of the implementation of Physic Problem Solving strategy combined with concept maps in General Physics learning at Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Padang. Action research has been conducted in two cycles where each end of the cycle is reflected and improved for the next cycle. Implementation of Physics Problem Solving strategy combined with concept map can increase student activity in solving general physics problem with an average increase of 15% and can improve student learning outcomes from 42,7 in the cycle I become 62,7 in cycle II in general physics at the Universitas Negeri Padang. In the future, the implementation of Physic Problem Solving strategy combined with concept maps will need to be considered in Physics courses.

Dislocation-driven growth of two-dimensional lateral quantum-well superlattices

PubMed Central

Chen, Jianyi; Li, Dongdong

2018-01-01

The advent of two-dimensional (2D) materials has led to extensive studies of heterostructures for novel applications. 2D lateral multiheterojunctions and superlattices have been recently demonstrated, but the available growth methods can only produce features with widths in the micrometer or, at best, 100-nm scale and usually result in rough and defective interfaces with extensive chemical intermixing. Widths smaller than 5 nm, which are needed for quantum confinement effects and quantum-well applications, have not been achieved. We demonstrate the growth of sub–2-nm quantum-well arrays in semiconductor monolayers, driven by the climb of misfit dislocations in a lattice-mismatched sulfide/selenide heterointerface. Density functional theory calculations provide an atom-by-atom description of the growth mechanism. The calculated energy bands reveal type II alignment suitable for quantum wells, suggesting that the structure could, in principle, be turned into a “conduit” of conductive nanoribbons for interconnects in future 2D integrated circuits via n-type modulation doping. This misfit dislocation–driven growth can be applied to different combinations of 2D monolayers with lattice mismatch, paving the way to a wide range of 2D quantum-well superlattices with controllable band alignment and nanoscale width. PMID:29740600

Broadband optical properties of biomass burning aerosol and identification of brown carbon chromophores

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudich, Y.; Bluvshtein, N.; Lin, P.; Flores, J. M.; Segey, L.; Tas, E.; Snider, G.; Weagle, C. L. M.; Brown, S. S.; Laskin, J.; Laskin, A.

2017-12-01

Accurate modeling of the radiative effects of smoke aerosols requires wavelength-dependent measurements and parameterizations of their optical properties in the UV and visible spectral ranges along with improved description of their chemical composition. To address this issue, we used a recently developed approach to retrieve the time- and spectral-dependent optical properties of ambient biomass burning aerosols from 300 to 650 nm wavelengths during a regional nighttime bonfire festival in Israel. During the biomass burning event, the overall absorption at 400 nm increased by about two orders of magnitude, changing the single scattering albedo from a background level of 0.95 to 0.7. In addition, PM2.5 filter samples were collected for detailed chemical analysis of the water soluble organics that contribute to light absorption. Nitroaromatic compounds were identified as major organic species responsible for the 50-80% of the total visible light absorption (> 400 nm). Typical chromophores include 4-nitrocatechol, 4-nitrophenol, nitro-syringol and nitro-guaiacol; oxidation-nitration products of methoxyphenols, and known products of lignin pyrolysis. Our results suggests that night time chemistry of nitrogen oxides with particles may play a significant role in atmospheric transformations of brown carbon.

Relationships between NIR spectra and sensory attributes of Thai commercial fish sauces.

PubMed

Ritthiruangdej, Pitiporn; Suwonsichon, Thongchai

2007-07-01

Twenty Thai commercial fish sauces were characterized by sensory descriptive analysis and near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. The main objectives were i) to investigate the relationships between sensory attributes and NIR spectra of samples and ii) to characterize the sensory characteristics of fish sauces based on NIR data. A generic descriptive analysis with 12 trained panels was used to characterize the sensory attributes. These attributes consisted of 15 descriptors: brown color, 5 aromatics (sweet, caramelized, fermented, fishy, and musty), 4 tastes (sweet, salty, bitter, and umami), 3 aftertastes (sweet, salty and bitter) and 2 flavors (caramelized and fishy). The results showed that Thai fish sauce samples exhibited significant differences in all of sensory attribute values (p < 0.05). NIR transflectance spectra were obtained from 1100 to 2500 nm. Prior to investigation of the relationships between sensory attributes and NIR spectra, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to reduce the dimensionality of the spectral data from 622 wavelengths to two uncorrelated components (NIR1 and NIR2) which explained 92 and 7% of the total variation, respectively. NIR1 was highly correlated with the wavelength regions of 1100 - 1544, 1774 - 2062, 2092 - 2308, and 2358 - 2440 nm, while NIR2 was highly correlated with the wavelength regions of 1742 - 1764, 2066 - 2088, and 2312 - 2354 nm. Subsequently, the relationships among these two components and all sensory attributes were also investigated by PCA. The results showed that the first three principal components (PCs) named as fishy flavor component (PC1), sweet component (PC2) and bitterness component (PC3), respectively, explained a total of 66.86% of the variation. NIR1 was mainly correlated to the sensory attributes of fishy aromatic, fishy flavor and sweet aftertaste on PC1. In addition, the PCA using only the factor loadings of NIR1 and NIR2 could be used to classify samples into three groups which showed high, medium and low degrees of fishy aromatic, fishy flavor and sweet aftertaste.

Searle's"Dualism Revisited"

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

P., Henry

2008-11-20

A recent article in which John Searle claims to refute dualism is examined from a scientific perspective. John Searle begins his recent article 'Dualism Revisited' by stating his belief that the philosophical problem of consciousness has a scientific solution. He then claims to refute dualism. It is therefore appropriate to examine his arguments against dualism from a scientific perspective. Scientific physical theories contain two kinds of descriptions: (1) Descriptions of our empirical findings, expressed in an every-day language that allows us communicate to each other our sensory experiences pertaining to what we have done and what we have learned; andmore » (2) Descriptions of a theoretical model, expressed in a mathematical language that allows us to communicate to each other certain ideas that exist in our mathematical imaginations, and that are believed to represent, within our streams of consciousness, certain aspects of reality that we deem to exist independently of their being perceived by any human observer. These two parts of our scientific description correspond to the two aspects of our general contemporary dualistic understanding of the total reality in which we are imbedded, namely the empirical-mental aspect and the theoretical-physical aspect. The duality question is whether this general dualistic understanding of ourselves should be regarded as false in some important philosophical or scientific sense.« less

Through the big bang: Continuing Einstein's equations beyond a cosmological singularity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koslowski, Tim A.; Mercati, Flavio; Sloan, David

2018-03-01

All measurements are comparisons. The only physically accessible degrees of freedom (DOFs) are dimensionless ratios. The objective description of the universe as a whole thus predicts only how these ratios change collectively as one of them is changed. Here we develop a description for classical Bianchi IX cosmology implementing these relational principles. The objective evolution decouples from the volume and its expansion degree of freedom. We use the relational description to investigate both vacuum dominated and quiescent Bianchi IX cosmologies. In the vacuum dominated case the relational dynamical system predicts an infinite amount of change of the relational DOFs, in accordance with the well known chaotic behaviour of Bianchi IX. In the quiescent case the relational dynamical system evolves uniquely though the point where the decoupled scale DOFs predict the big bang/crunch. This is a non-trivial prediction of the relational description; the big bang/crunch is not the end of physics - it is instead a regular point of the relational evolution. Describing our solutions as spacetimes that satisfy Einstein's equations, we find that the relational dynamical system predicts two singular solutions of GR that are connected at the hypersurface of the singularity such that relational DOFs are continuous and the orientation of the spatial frame is inverted.

Characterisation of particle emissions from the driving car fleet and the contribution to ambient and indoor particle concentrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palmgren, Finn; Wåhlin, Peter; Kildesø, Jan; Afshari, Alireza; Fogh, Christian L.

The population is mainly exposed to high air pollution concentrations in the urban environment, where motor vehicle emissions constitute the main source of fine and ultrafine particles. These particles can penetrate deep into the respiratory system, and studies indicate that the smaller the particle, the larger the health impacts. The chemical composition, surface reactivity and physical properties are also important. However, the knowledge about chemical and physical properties of particles and the temporal and spatial variability of the smallest particles is still very limited. The present study summarises the first results of a larger project with the aims to improve the knowledge. The concentration and the emissions of ultrafine particles from petrol and diesel vehicles, respectively, have been quantified using Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer of ultrafine particles in the size range 6-700 nm and routine monitoring data from urban streets and urban background in Denmark. The quantification was carried out using receptor modelling. The number size distributions of petrol and diesel emissions showed a maximum at 20-30 nm and non-traffic at ≈100 nm. The contribution of ultrafine particles from diesel vehicles is dominating in streets. The same technique has been applied on PM 10, and ≈50% contribution from non-traffic. The technique has also been introduced in relation to elemental and organic carbon, and the first data showed strong correlation between traffic pollution and elemental carbon. The outdoor air quality has a significant effect on indoor pollution levels, and we spend most of the time indoors. Knowledge about the influence of ambient air pollution on the concentrations in the indoor environment is therefore crucial for assessment of human health effects of traffic pollution. The results of our studies will be included in air quality models for calculation of human exposure. Preliminary results from our first campaign showed, that the deposition rate of particles in the apartment is negligible in the particle size range 100-500 nm. In the size range below 100 nm the deposition rate increases with decreasing particle diameter to a value of approximately 1 h -1 at 10 nm. The penetration efficiency shows a maximum of 60% at 100 nm. More detailed studies of exchange of particles in outdoor/indoor air and the transformation are planned to take place during three next campaigns.

Similarities and differences in physical self-concept of males and females during late adolescence and early adulthood.

PubMed

Cağlar, Emine

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine age and sex differences in physical self-concept of Turkish late adolescents and early adults. A total of 715 high school and 1,125 university students voluntarily participated and were administered the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. The findings indicate significant sex and age differences on multiple dimensions of physical self, and that males and high school students scored higher on almost all subscales of physical self. However, analysis did not reveal any significant age and sex interactions on physical self. In conclusion, males and females differ from each other on how they perceived themselves on the multiple dimensions of physical self, and developmental age changes were evident in physical self.

Multiple Sclerosis: Associations Between Physical Disability and Depression Are Not Mediated by Self-Reported Physical Activity.

PubMed

Sadeghi Bahmani, Dena; Calabrese, Pasquale; Merkt, Helene; Naegelin, Yvonne; Gerber, Markus; Pühse, Uwe; Holsboer-Trachsler, Edith; Brand, Serge

2017-10-01

This study investigated the interrelatedness of physical disability, physical activity, and depression among patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that self-reported physical activity would mediate the effect of disability on depressive symptoms. Twenty-seven patients with MS (mean age: 49 years; 44.5% females) completed self-rating scales covering sociodemographic variables, intake of antidepressants, physical activity, and symptoms of depression; disability was measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale. We found a higher level of disability to be significantly associated with more symptoms of depression. While higher reported physical activity was descriptively associated with lower depression scores and unrelated to Expanded Disability Status Scale, physical activity levels did not mediate the effect of disability on depressive symptoms.

Lessons from life

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beck, Harold

2011-12-01

I was fascinated to read the descriptions of the careers of current-day physics graduates (October pp54-57), as I have recently been writing up an account of my own first job as a physicist at what was then the British Oxygen Company (BOC) way back in 1947, after I graduated with a degree in physics from King's College London.

Age-Related Visual Changes and Their Impications for the Motor Skill Performance of Older Adults.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haywood, Kathleen M.; Trick, Linda R.

Physical changes in and conditions of the eye associated with the normal aging process are discussed with reference to their impact on performance in physical and recreational activities. Descriptions are given of characteristic changes in visual acuity in the areas of: (1) presbyopia (inability to clearly focus near images); (2) sensitivity to…

What We Don't Understand, We Explain to Each Other

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pines, David

2015-01-01

"What we don't understand, we explain to each other" was Robert Oppenheimer's 1948 description of theoretical physics as a profession. Because the phrase connects research, teaching, and learning, it seemed the right approach for the talk I gave to the AAPT [American Association of Physics Teachers] on receiving the 2013 J.D. Jackson…