13 CFR 107.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early... prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. (a) The rights, if any, of a Licensee to prepay any Debenture or make early redemption of any Participating Security are established by the terms...

The Prepayment Dilemma: A Consumer's Guide from ALA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laughrey, Edna; And Others

1977-01-01

Because prepayment problems have led to complaints from librarians, the Bookdealer-Library Relations Committee of the American Library Association offers considerations to serve as guidelines in making prepayment decisions. (JPF)

41 CFR 102-118.385 - What must a waiver request include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Waivers from Mandatory Prepayment Audit... a prepayment audit increases costs over a postpayment audit, decreases efficiency, involves a...

41 CFR 102-118.265 - What is a prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... audit? 102-118.265 Section 102-118.265 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements for Prepayment Audits...

17 CFR 229.1105 - (Item 1105) Static pool information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., regarding delinquencies, cumulative losses and prepayments for prior securitized pools of the sponsor for... the extent material, regarding delinquencies, cumulative losses and prepayments by vintage origination.... (ii) Present delinquency, cumulative loss and prepayment data for each prior securitized pool or...

41 CFR 102-118.270 - Must my agency establish a prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a prepayment audit program? 102-118.270 Section 102-118.270 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.410 - Can GSA suspend my agency's prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency's prepayment audit program? 102-118.410 Section 102-118.410 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Suspension of...

Rural health prepayment schemes in China: towards a more active role for government.

PubMed

Bloom, G; Shenglan, T

1999-04-01

A large majority of China's rural population were members of health prepayment schemes in the 1970's. Most of these schemes collapsed during the transition to a market economy. Some localities subsequently reestablished schemes. In early 1997 a new government policy identified health prepayment as a major potential source of rural health finance. This paper draws on the experience of existing schemes to explore how government can support implementation of this policy. The decision to support the establishment of health prepayment schemes is part of the government's effort to establish new sources of finance for social services. It believes that individuals are more likely to accept voluntary contributions to a prepayment scheme than tax increases. The voluntary nature of the contributions limits the possibilities for risk-sharing and redistribution between rich and poor. This underlines the need for the government to fund a substantial share of health expenditure out of general revenues, particularly in poor localities. The paper notes that many successful prepayment schemes depend on close supervision by local political leaders. It argues that the national programme will have to translate these measures into a regulatory system which defines the responsibilities of scheme management bodies and local governments. A number of prepayment schemes have collapsed because members did not feel they got value for money. Local health bureaux will have to cooperate with prepayment schemes to ensure that health facilities provide good quality services at a reasonable cost. Users' representatives can also monitor performance. The paper concludes that government needs to clarify the relationship between health prepayment schemes and other actors in rural localities in order to increase the chance that schemes will become a major source rural health finance.

The costs of transit fare prepayment programs : a parametric cost analysis.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

Despite the renewed interest in transit fare prepayment plans over the past : 10 years, few transit managers have a clear idea of how much it costs to operate : and maintain a fare prepayment program. This report provides transit managers : with the ...

7 CFR 1610.11 - Prepayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Prepayments. 1610.11 Section 1610.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL TELEPHONE BANK, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOAN POLICIES § 1610.11 Prepayments. (a) Bank loans approved before November 1, 1993, may be prepaid in...

41 CFR 102-118.280 - What advantages does the prepayment audit offer my agency?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prepayment audit offer my agency? 102-118.280 Section 102-118.280 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.300 - How does my agency fund its prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... its prepayment audit program? 102-118.300 Section 102-118.300 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.290 - Must every electronic and paper transportation bill undergo a prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... and paper transportation bill undergo a prepayment audit? 102-118.290 Section 102-118.290 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation...

41 CFR 102-118.400 - Must my agency renew a waiver of the prepayment audit requirements?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... waiver of the prepayment audit requirements? 102-118.400 Section 102-118.400 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.275 - What must my agency consider when designing and implementing a prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... consider when designing and implementing a prepayment audit program? 102-118.275 Section 102-118.275 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation...

41 CFR 102-118.390 - On what basis does GSA grant a waiver to the prepayment audit requirement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... grant a waiver to the prepayment audit requirement? 102-118.390 Section 102-118.390 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.375 - Who has the authority to grant a waiver of the prepayment audit requirement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... grant a waiver of the prepayment audit requirement? 102-118.375 Section 102-118.375 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.350 - Does establishing a prepayment audit system or program change the responsibilities of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prepayment audit system or program change the responsibilities of the certifying officers? 102-118.350... System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT... Does establishing a prepayment audit system or program change the responsibilities of the certifying...

41 CFR 102-118.295 - What are the limited exceptions to every bill undergoing a prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... exceptions to every bill undergoing a prepayment audit? 102-118.295 Section 102-118.295 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.285 - What options for performing a prepayment audit does my agency have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... performing a prepayment audit does my agency have? 102-118.285 Section 102-118.285 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.320 - What information must be on transportation bills that have completed my agency's prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on transportation bills that have completed my agency's prepayment audit? 102-118.320 Section 102-118.320 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of...

40 CFR 303.32 - Pre-payment offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Pre-payment offers. 303.32 Section 303.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY... SUPERFUND Criteria for Payment of Award § 303.32 Pre-payment offers. Prior to the actual payment of an award...

40 CFR 303.32 - Pre-payment offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pre-payment offers. 303.32 Section 303.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY... SUPERFUND Criteria for Payment of Award § 303.32 Pre-payment offers. Prior to the actual payment of an award...

40 CFR 303.32 - Pre-payment offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Pre-payment offers. 303.32 Section 303.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY... SUPERFUND Criteria for Payment of Award § 303.32 Pre-payment offers. Prior to the actual payment of an award...

40 CFR 303.32 - Pre-payment offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Pre-payment offers. 303.32 Section 303.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY... SUPERFUND Criteria for Payment of Award § 303.32 Pre-payment offers. Prior to the actual payment of an award...

40 CFR 303.32 - Pre-payment offers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Pre-payment offers. 303.32 Section 303.32 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SUPERFUND, EMERGENCY... SUPERFUND Criteria for Payment of Award § 303.32 Pre-payment offers. Prior to the actual payment of an award...

7 CFR 1786.159 - Initial closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Initial closing. 1786.159 Section 1786.159... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Electric Loans § 1786.159 Initial closing. (a) Upon receipt of the prepayment agreement, the borrower may submit, pursuant to the terms of the prepayment agreement, a closing request...

41 CFR 102-118.380 - How does my agency apply for a waiver from a prepayment audit of requirement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for a waiver from a prepayment audit of requirement? 102-118.380 Section 102-118.380 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services...

41 CFR 102-118.90 - If my agency orders transportation and/or transportation services with a Government contractor...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false If my agency orders... the prepayment audit verification process), a prepayment audit can be used. As with all prepayment...

7 CFR 1786.31 - Application procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Prepayment of RUS Guaranteed Federal Financing Bank Loans Pursuant to Section 306(A) of the RE Act § 1786.31... on the Notice of Intent to Prepay the Federal Financing Bank by an authorized official of RUS...: (1) “Notice of Intent to Prepay the Federal Financing Bank” in the form specified in § 1786.33 hereof...

Does Homeownership Counseling Affect the Prepayment and Default Behavior of Affordable Mortgage Borrowers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quercia, Roberto; Spader, Jonathan

2008-01-01

The lack of industry wide data on homeownership education and counseling (HEC) programs has severely limited evaluation. In particular, very little evidence exists on the relationship between HEC completion and loan prepayment, an outcome of interest to both mortgage lenders and consumer advocates. Where mortgage prepayment directly influences the…

The Risks and Rewards of College/University Prepayment and Savings Plans. Policy Bulletin.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothschild, Mark

This bulletin describes types of prepayment and savings plans for financing college education, outlines advantages and disadvantages of these programs, and highlights issues that state and institutional planners and policymakers should consider. A description of existing tuition prepayment plans looks at state plans that typically permit investors…

27 CFR 25.175 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.175 Prepayment of tax. (a) General..., is insufficient for deferral of payment of tax on beer to be removed for consumption or sale, or if a... tax before any beer is removed for consumption or sale, or taken out of the brewery for removal for...

27 CFR 25.175 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.175 Prepayment of tax. (a) General..., is insufficient for deferral of payment of tax on beer to be removed for consumption or sale, or if a... tax before any beer is removed for consumption or sale, or taken out of the brewery for removal for...

27 CFR 25.175 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.175 Prepayment of tax. (a) General..., is insufficient for deferral of payment of tax on beer to be removed for consumption or sale, or if a... tax before any beer is removed for consumption or sale, or taken out of the brewery for removal for...

27 CFR 25.175 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.175 Prepayment of tax. (a) General..., is insufficient for deferral of payment of tax on beer to be removed for consumption or sale, or if a... tax before any beer is removed for consumption or sale, or taken out of the brewery for removal for...

27 CFR 25.175 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.175 Prepayment of tax. (a) General..., is insufficient for deferral of payment of tax on beer to be removed for consumption or sale, or if a... tax before any beer is removed for consumption or sale, or taken out of the brewery for removal for...

77 FR 76311 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Advance...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-27

... the Advance Notice FICC is proposing to replace the prepayment model component (``Prepayment Model... calculations. The cash flow of a TBA CUSIP is the sum of all discounted future monthly cash flows. The future... prepayment model developed by the Office of Thrift Supervision (``OTS''); this particular model is no longer...

Moving towards universal coverage in South Africa? Lessons from a voluntary government insurance scheme.

PubMed

Govender, Veloshnee; Chersich, Matthew F; Harris, Bronwyn; Alaba, Olufunke; Ataguba, John E; Nxumalo, Nonhlanhla; Goudge, Jane

2013-01-24

In 2005, the South African government introduced a voluntary, subsidised health insurance scheme for civil servants. In light of the global emphasis on universal coverage, empirical evidence is needed to understand the relationship between new health financing strategies and health care access thereby improving global understanding of these issues. This study analysed coverage of the South African government health insurance scheme, the population groups with low uptake, and the individual-level factors, as well as characteristics of the scheme, that influenced enrolment. Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 1,329 civil servants from the health and education sectors in four of South Africa's nine provinces. They were interviewed to determine factors associated with enrolment in the scheme. The analysis included both descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Notwithstanding the availability of a non-contributory option within the insurance scheme and access to privately-provided primary care, a considerable portion of socio-economically vulnerable groups remained uninsured (57.7% of the lowest salary category). Non-insurance was highest among men, black African or coloured ethnic groups, less educated and lower-income employees, and those living in informal-housing. The relatively poor uptake of the contributory and non-contributory insurance options was mostly attributed to insufficient information, perceived administrative challenges of taking up membership, and payment costs. Barriers to enrolment include insufficient information, unaffordability of payments and perceived administrative complexity. Achieving universal coverage requires good physical access to service providers and appropriate benefit options within pre-payment health financing mechanisms.

Moving towards universal coverage in South Africa? Lessons from a voluntary government insurance scheme

PubMed Central

Govender, Veloshnee; Chersich, Matthew F.; Harris, Bronwyn; Alaba, Olufunke; Ataguba, John E.; Nxumalo, Nonhlanhla; Goudge, Jane

2013-01-01

Background In 2005, the South African government introduced a voluntary, subsidised health insurance scheme for civil servants. In light of the global emphasis on universal coverage, empirical evidence is needed to understand the relationship between new health financing strategies and health care access thereby improving global understanding of these issues. Objectives This study analysed coverage of the South African government health insurance scheme, the population groups with low uptake, and the individual-level factors, as well as characteristics of the scheme, that influenced enrolment. Methods Multi-stage random sampling was used to select 1,329 civil servants from the health and education sectors in four of South Africa's nine provinces. They were interviewed to determine factors associated with enrolment in the scheme. The analysis included both descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. Results Notwithstanding the availability of a non-contributory option within the insurance scheme and access to privately-provided primary care, a considerable portion of socio-economically vulnerable groups remained uninsured (57.7% of the lowest salary category). Non-insurance was highest among men, black African or coloured ethnic groups, less educated and lower-income employees, and those living in informal-housing. The relatively poor uptake of the contributory and non-contributory insurance options was mostly attributed to insufficient information, perceived administrative challenges of taking up membership, and payment costs. Conclusion Barriers to enrolment include insufficient information, unaffordability of payments and perceived administrative complexity. Achieving universal coverage requires good physical access to service providers and appropriate benefit options within pre-payment health financing mechanisms. PMID:23364093

46 CFR 2.10-105 - Prepayment of annual vessel inspection fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the design life or remaining expected service life of the vessel. (b) To prepay the annual vessel... present value using the following formula: ER13MR95.000 Where: PV is the Present Value of the series of... i is the interest rate for 10-year Treasury notes at the time of prepayment calculation π is the...

46 CFR 2.10-105 - Prepayment of annual vessel inspection fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the design life or remaining expected service life of the vessel. (b) To prepay the annual vessel... present value using the following formula: ER13MR95.000 Where: PV is the Present Value of the series of... i is the interest rate for 10-year Treasury notes at the time of prepayment calculation π is the...

46 CFR 2.10-105 - Prepayment of annual vessel inspection fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the design life or remaining expected service life of the vessel. (b) To prepay the annual vessel... present value using the following formula: ER13MR95.000 Where: PV is the Present Value of the series of... i is the interest rate for 10-year Treasury notes at the time of prepayment calculation π is the...

46 CFR 2.10-105 - Prepayment of annual vessel inspection fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the design life or remaining expected service life of the vessel. (b) To prepay the annual vessel... present value using the following formula: ER13MR95.000 Where: PV is the Present Value of the series of... i is the interest rate for 10-year Treasury notes at the time of prepayment calculation π is the...

46 CFR 2.10-105 - Prepayment of annual vessel inspection fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the design life or remaining expected service life of the vessel. (b) To prepay the annual vessel... present value using the following formula: ER13MR95.000 Where: PV is the Present Value of the series of... i is the interest rate for 10-year Treasury notes at the time of prepayment calculation π is the...

13 CFR 108.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 108.1610 Section 108.1610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL... of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. (a) The rights, if any, of a...

7 CFR 4290.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 4290.1610 Section 4290.1610 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of...) Funding Leverage by Use of Guaranteed Trust Certificates (âtcsâ) § 4290.1610 Effect of prepayment or early...

Kids in the cold: outcomes for New Zealand households with children using prepayment metering for electricity.

PubMed

O'Sullivan, Kimberley C; Howden-Chapman, Philippa L; Stanley, James; Hales, Simon L

2013-03-15

Although fuel poverty is becoming increasingly researched, there is very limited information currently available on the experiences of and effects on children living in fuel poverty. This paper examines the consequences of using prepayment metering, a payment method typically used by low-income households, on households with children. We present new results from two postal survey datasets, the Electricity Prepayment Meter Users' Survey undertaken in late 2010 and the follow-up survey undertaken in 2011, which explore the outcomes of prepayment metering and living on low-incomes for households with children. Among prepayment consumers, households with children experience greater levels of hardship. Households with children were statistically significantly more likely to cut back on grocery spending, and indicated greater levels of financial difficulty than childless households. Although there were no differences between the groups for most indicators of poor thermal comfort levels, households with children were statistically significantly more likely to report seeing their breath condensing indoors on at least one occasion during the winter. Policies to address fuel poverty should include protections for prepayment meter consumers, and households with children using this payment method who are especially vulnerable.

41 CFR 301-11.16 - What reimbursement will I receive if I prepay my lodging expenses and my TDY is curtailed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What reimbursement will I receive if I prepay my lodging expenses and my TDY is curtailed, canceled or interrupted for... reimbursement will I receive if I prepay my lodging expenses and my TDY is curtailed, canceled or interrupted...

41 CFR 105-60.305-8 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations System (Continued) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Regional Offices-General Services..., Orders, Policies, Interpretations, Manuals, and Instructions § 105-60.305-8 Prepayment of fees. (a) Fees...

41 CFR 105-60.305-8 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Regulations System (Continued) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Regional Offices-General Services..., Orders, Policies, Interpretations, Manuals, and Instructions § 105-60.305-8 Prepayment of fees. (a) Fees...

24 CFR 241.585 - Prepayment privileges and prepayment charge.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FOR INSURED PROJECT MORTGAGES Eligibility Requirements..., and Individual Utility Meters in Multifamily Projects Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage...

7 CFR 1786.167 - Restrictions to additional RUS financing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions to additional RUS financing. 1786.167... additional RUS financing. (a) No borrower that prepays an electric loan at a discount as provided under this... borrower is unable to obtain financing at reasonable terms to restore the system from non-RUS sources...

7 CFR 1786.57 - Prepayment agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) The RUS Notes to be prepaid and when the Discounted Present Value will be calculated. (b) The place... outstanding on the RUS Note and the Discounted Present Value of the RUS Note upon prepayment with interest...

Transit Fare Prepayment

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1976-08-01

Fare prepayment encompasses all methods of paying for transit rides other than by cash, namely, tickets, tokens, punch cards, passes, and permits. The purpose of this study is the examination of the overall ridership and revenue impacts of ongoing an...

Extending coverage to informal sector populations in Kenya: design preferences and implications for financing policy.

PubMed

Okungu, Vincent; Chuma, Jane; Mulupi, Stephen; McIntyre, Diane

2018-01-09

Universal health coverage (UHC) is important in terms of improving access to quality health care while protecting households from the risk of catastrophic health spending and impoverishment. However, progress to UHC has been hampered by the measures to increase mandatory prepaid funds especially in low- and middle-income countries where there are large populations in the informal sector. Important considerations in expanding coverage to the informal sector should include an exploration of the type of prepayment system that is acceptable to the informal sector and the features of such a design that would encourage prepayment for health care among this population group. The objective of the study was to document the views of informal sector workers regarding different prepayment mechanisms, and critically analyze key design features of a future health system and the policy implications of financing UHC in Kenya. This was part of larger study which involved a mixed-methods approach. The following tools were used to collect data from informal sector workers: focus group discussions [N = 16 (rural = 7; urban = 9)], individual in-depth interviews [N = 26 (rural = 14; urban = 12)] and a questionnaire survey [N = 455(rural = 129; urban = 326)]. Thematic approach was used to analyze qualitative data while Stata v.11 involving mainly descriptive analysis was used in quantitative data. The tools mentioned were used to collect data to meet various objectives of a larger study and what is presented here constitutes a small section of the data generated by these tools. The findings show that informal sector workers in rural and urban areas prefer different prepayment systems for financing UHC. Preference for a non-contributory system of financing UHC was particularly strong in the urban study site (58%). Over 70% in the rural area preferred a contributory mechanism in financing UHC. The main concern for informal sector workers regardless of the overall design of the financing approach to UHC included a poor governance culture especially one that does not punish corruption. Other reasons especially with regard to the contributory financing approach included high premium costs and inability to enforce contributions from informal sector. On average 47% of all study participants, the largest single majority, are in favor of a non-contributory financing mechanism. Strong evidence from existing literature indicates difficulties in implementing social contributions as the primary financing mechanism for UHC in contexts with large informal sector populations. Non-contributory financing should be strongly recommended to policymakers to be the primary financing mechanism and supplemented by social contributions.

Group premiums in micro health insurance experiences from Tanzania.

PubMed

Kiwara, Angwara D

2007-04-01

The main objective was to assess how group premiums can help poor people in the informal economy prepay for health care services. A comparative approach was adopted to study four groups of informal economy operators (cobblers, welders, carpenters, small scale market retailers) focusing on a method of prepayment which could help them access health care services. Two groups with a total of 714 operators were organized to prepay for health care services through a group premium, while the other two groups with a total of 702 operators were not organized to prepay through this approach. They prepaid through individual premium, each operator paying from his or her sources. Data on the four groups which lived in the same city was collected through a questionnaire and focus group discussions. Data collected was focused on health problems, health seeking behaviour and payment for health care services. Training of all the groups on prepaid health care financing based on individual based premium payment and group based premium payment was done. Groups were then free to choose which method to use in prepaying for health care. Prepayment through the two methods was then observed over a period of three years. Trends of membership attrition and retention were documented for both approaches. Data collected showed that the four groups were similar in many respects. These similarities included levels of education, housing, and social services such as water supplies, health problems, family size and health seeking behaviour. At the end of a period of three years 76% of the members from the two groups who chose group premium payment were still members of the prepayment health scheme and were receiving health care. For the two groups which opted for individual premium payment only 15% of their members were still receiving health care services at the end of three years. Group premium is a useful tool in improving accessibility to health care services in the poorer segments of the population especially the informal economy operators

Transit Fare Prepayment Distribution Methods in Sacramento, CA

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-06-01

This demonstration tested the use of new methods to distribute transit fare prepayment (TFP) instruments at the Sacramento Regional Transit district (RT). Five new distribution methods were implemented to supplement a network of public, private, and ...

Duluth Variable Work Hours/Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-04-01

This report describes the evaluation results of the Duluth Variable Work Hours/Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration. The demonstration project was intended to reduce severe peaks in demand on the bus routes of the Duluth Transit Authority (DTA). It ...

42 CFR 417.838 - Organization determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Health Care Prepayment Plans § 417.838 Organization determinations. (a) Actions that are... refusal to furnish or arrange for services, or reimburse the party for services provided to the...

42 CFR 417.838 - Organization determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Organization determinations. 417.838 Section 417... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Health Care Prepayment Plans § 417.838 Organization determinations. (a) Actions that are...

42 CFR 489.22 - Special provisions applicable to prepayment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special provisions applicable to prepayment requirements. 489.22 Section 489.22 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION PROVIDER AGREEMENTS AND SUPPLIER...

42 CFR 489.22 - Special provisions applicable to prepayment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special provisions applicable to prepayment requirements. 489.22 Section 489.22 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) STANDARDS AND CERTIFICATION PROVIDER AGREEMENTS AND SUPPLIER...

10 CFR 766.107 - Prepayment of future Special Assessments

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Prepayment of future Special Assessments 766.107 Section 766.107 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY URANIUM ENRICHMENT DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING FUND; PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC UTILITIES Procedures for Special Assessment § 766.107...

10 CFR 766.107 - Prepayment of future Special Assessments

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Prepayment of future Special Assessments 766.107 Section 766.107 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY URANIUM ENRICHMENT DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING FUND; PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC UTILITIES Procedures for Special Assessment § 766.107...

10 CFR 766.107 - Prepayment of future Special Assessments

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Prepayment of future Special Assessments 766.107 Section 766.107 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY URANIUM ENRICHMENT DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING FUND; PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC UTILITIES Procedures for Special Assessment § 766.107...

Pay Now, Pay Later.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Layzell, Daniel T.

1988-01-01

Tuition prepayment is not a panacea for rising college costs. States are treating symptoms and not causes through such programs. Rather than adopting prepayment plans wholesale, state governments need to determine whether the risk to the state and institutions is justifiable by thoroughly analyzing the program's viability. (MSE)

41 CFR 105-60.305-8 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Prepayment of fees. 105-60.305-8 Section 105-60.305-8 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Regional Offices-General Services...

41 CFR 105-60.305-8 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Prepayment of fees. 105-60.305-8 Section 105-60.305-8 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION Regional Offices-General Services...

10 CFR 766.107 - Prepayment of future Special Assessments

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prepayment of future Special Assessments 766.107 Section 766.107 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY URANIUM ENRICHMENT DECONTAMINATION AND DECOMMISSIONING FUND; PROCEDURES FOR SPECIAL ASSESSMENT OF DOMESTIC UTILITIES Procedures for Special Assessment § 766.107...

77 FR 6123 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... Collection: Fee-for-Service Recovery Audit Prepayment Review Demonstration and Prior Authorization... authorization program for Power Mobility Device claims in certain States. For the Recovery Audit Prepayment... on beneficiary address as reported to the Social Security Administration and recorded in the Common...

27 CFR 41.105 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes § 41.105...

42 CFR 410.152 - Amounts of payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE (SMI) BENEFITS Payment of SMI Benefits § 410.152 Amounts of payment. (a) General... special rules for payment to health maintenance organizations (HMOs), health care prepayment plans (HCPPs), and competitive medical plans (CMPs) that are set forth in part 417 of this chapter. (A prepayment...

41 CFR 102-118.415 - Will the widespread mandatory use of prepayment audits eliminate postpayment audits?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... mandatory use of prepayment audits eliminate postpayment audits? 102-118.415 Section 102-118.415 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Postpayment Transportation Audits...

18 CFR 367.1650 - Account 165, Prepayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Account 165, Prepayments. 367.1650 Section 367.1650 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... POWER ACT AND NATURAL GAS ACT UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS FOR CENTRALIZED SERVICE COMPANIES SUBJECT TO...

12 CFR 34.23 - Prepayment fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the outstanding debt over the remaining loan term at the then-current interest rate, that are made in... Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY REAL ESTATE LENDING AND APPRAISALS Adjustable-Rate Mortgages § 34.23 Prepayment fees. A national bank offering or purchasing ARM loans may...

7 CFR 1786.160 - Subsequent closings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Subsequent closings. 1786.160 Section 1786.160... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Electric Loans § 1786.160 Subsequent closings. (a) Each subsequent prepayment after the initial closing shall be facilitated with the submission of an additional closing request by...

27 CFR 41.105 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes § 41.105...

27 CFR 41.105 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes § 41.105...

27 CFR 41.105 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes § 41.105...

27 CFR 41.105 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes § 41.105...

7 CFR 1786.27 - Definitions and rules of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND TELEPHONE BORROWERS Prepayment of RUS Guaranteed Federal Financing Bank Loans Pursuant to Section... of employees by Federal statute or Federal Executive Order. Continuing Resolution means section 633...). Date Received means the date inscribed on the Notice of Intent to Prepay the Federal Financing Bank, by...

27 CFR 24.275 - Prepayment of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Prepayment of tax. 24.275 Section 24.275 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT... of tax. (a) General. The proprietor shall, before removal of wine for consumption or sale, file...

32 CFR 552.83 - Standards of fairness.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....83 Standards of fairness. (a) No finance charge contracted for, made, or received under any contract.... There shall be no penalty for prepayment and in the event of prepayment, that portion of the finance... charges which would have been ratably payable had finance charges been calculated and payable as equal...

41 CFR 102-118.395 - How long will GSA take to respond to a waiver request?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Waivers from Mandatory Prepayment Audit § 102-118.395 How long will GSA take to respond to a waiver request? GSA will...

41 CFR 102-118.305 - Must my agency notify the TSP of any adjustment to the TSP's bill?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements for Prepayment Audits § 102-118.305 Must my agency notify the TSP of any adjustment...

25 CFR 141.37 - Prepayment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Prepayment. 141.37 Section 141.37 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI... finance charge or may charge an administrative fee not to exceed ten percent (10 percent) of the unearned...

7 CFR 1786.58 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security. 1786.58 Section 1786.58 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.58 Security. If, after prepayment of RUS Notes, the... be, will consider request for the accommodation of such liens for the purpose of providing security...

7 CFR 1786.58 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Security. 1786.58 Section 1786.58 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.58 Security. If, after prepayment of RUS Notes, the... be, will consider request for the accommodation of such liens for the purpose of providing security...

7 CFR 1786.103 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Security. 1786.103 Section 1786.103 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.103 Security. If... of providing security for loans the proceeds of which were used to prepay RUS Notes. Such lien...

7 CFR 1786.58 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Security. 1786.58 Section 1786.58 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.58 Security. If, after prepayment of RUS Notes, the... be, will consider request for the accommodation of such liens for the purpose of providing security...

7 CFR 1786.103 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Security. 1786.103 Section 1786.103 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.103 Security. If... of providing security for loans the proceeds of which were used to prepay RUS Notes. Such lien...

7 CFR 1786.103 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Security. 1786.103 Section 1786.103 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.103 Security. If... of providing security for loans the proceeds of which were used to prepay RUS Notes. Such lien...

7 CFR 1786.58 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2014-01-01 2013-01-01 true Security. 1786.58 Section 1786.58 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.58 Security. If, after prepayment of RUS Notes, the... be, will consider request for the accommodation of such liens for the purpose of providing security...

7 CFR 1786.58 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Security. 1786.58 Section 1786.58 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.58 Security. If, after prepayment of RUS Notes, the... be, will consider request for the accommodation of such liens for the purpose of providing security...

7 CFR 1786.103 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Security. 1786.103 Section 1786.103 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.103 Security. If... of providing security for loans the proceeds of which were used to prepay RUS Notes. Such lien...

7 CFR 1786.103 - Security.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Security. 1786.103 Section 1786.103 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.103 Security. If... of providing security for loans the proceeds of which were used to prepay RUS Notes. Such lien...

7 CFR 1786.60 - Closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Closing. 1786.60 Section 1786.60 Agriculture... Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.60 Closing. (a) The borrower shall be responsible... Notes shall be prepaid at a closing to be held in accordance with the prepayment agreement; Provided...

7 CFR 1786.53 - Discounted present value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Discounted present value. 1786.53 Section 1786.53... Special Discounted Prepayments on RUS Direct/Insured Loans § 1786.53 Discounted present value. The Discounted Present Value shall be calculated five business days before prepayment is made by summing the...

7 CFR 1714.9 - Prepayment of insured loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... loans. This section sets out provisions for prepayment of insured electric loans at face value... than a rollover maturity date. A borrower may elect at the time of loan approval to include a... loans. Loan documents for hardship loans shall provide that the loan may be prepaid at face value at any...

41 CFR 102-118.315 - What must my agency do if the TSP disputes the findings and my agency cannot resolve the dispute?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-118.315 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements for Prepayment Audits § 102-118.315 What must my...

24 CFR 203.22 - Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Payment of insurance premiums or... Underwriting Procedures Eligible Mortgages § 203.22 Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege. (a) Payment of periodic insurance premiums or charges. Except with respect to mortgages for which...

24 CFR 203.22 - Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Payment of insurance premiums or... Underwriting Procedures Eligible Mortgages § 203.22 Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege. (a) Payment of periodic insurance premiums or charges. Except with respect to mortgages for which...

27 CFR 26.113 - Returns for prepayment of taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Returns for prepayment of taxes. 26.113 Section 26.113 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS...

27 CFR 26.113 - Returns for prepayment of taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Returns for prepayment of taxes. 26.113 Section 26.113 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE.... 20, 1955] Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting § 26.113, see the List of CFR...

27 CFR 26.113 - Returns for prepayment of taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Returns for prepayment of taxes. 26.113 Section 26.113 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE.... 20, 1955] Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting § 26.113, see the List of CFR...

27 CFR 26.113 - Returns for prepayment of taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Returns for prepayment of taxes. 26.113 Section 26.113 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL LIQUORS AND ARTICLES FROM PUERTO RICO AND THE VIRGIN ISLANDS...

27 CFR 26.113 - Returns for prepayment of taxes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Returns for prepayment of taxes. 26.113 Section 26.113 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE.... 20, 1955] Editorial Note: For Federal Register citations affecting § 26.113, see the List of CFR...

27 CFR 26.96 - Prepayment of tax-release of wine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of wine. 26.96 Section 26.96 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE... Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Wine § 26.96 Prepayment of tax—release of wine. (a) Action by proprietor. Where the wine is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the computed...

27 CFR 26.105 - Prepayment of tax-release of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of beer. 26.105 Section 26.105 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.105 Prepayment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the beer is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the...

12 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Risk-Based Capital Test Methodology and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....3.2, Mortgage Amortization Schedule Inputs 3-32, Loan Group Inputs for Mortgage Amortization... Prepayment Explanatory Variables F 3.6.3.5.2, Multifamily Default and Prepayment Inputs 3-38, Loan Group... Group inputs for Gross Loss Severity F 3.3.4, Interest Rates Outputs3.6.3.3.4, Mortgage Amortization...

12 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Risk-Based Capital Test Methodology and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

....3.2, Mortgage Amortization Schedule Inputs 3-32, Loan Group Inputs for Mortgage Amortization... Prepayment Explanatory Variables F 3.6.3.5.2, Multifamily Default and Prepayment Inputs 3-38, Loan Group... Group inputs for Gross Loss Severity F 3.3.4, Interest Rates Outputs3.6.3.3.4, Mortgage Amortization...

27 CFR 26.105 - Prepayment of tax-release of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... of beer. 26.105 Section 26.105 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.105 Prepayment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the beer is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the...

27 CFR 26.105 - Prepayment of tax-release of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... of beer. 26.105 Section 26.105 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.105 Prepayment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the beer is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the...

27 CFR 26.105 - Prepayment of tax-release of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... of beer. 26.105 Section 26.105 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.105 Prepayment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the beer is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the...

Invitational Conference on College Prepayment and Savings Plans (Denver, Colorado, June 7-8, 1987). Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Entrance Examination Board, New York, NY.

Summaries of conference presentations on college savings and prepayment plans and related tax, policy, and social issues are provided. The conference objective was to communicate the issues to constituents with the most at stake: parents, students, and relatives; state and federal legislators and staff; and developers of plans for higher education…

12 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Risk-Based Capital Test Methodology and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....3.2, Mortgage Amortization Schedule Inputs 3-32, Loan Group Inputs for Mortgage Amortization... Prepayment Explanatory Variables F 3.6.3.5.2, Multifamily Default and Prepayment Inputs 3-38, Loan Group... Group inputs for Gross Loss Severity F 3.3.4, Interest Rates Outputs3.6.3.3.4, Mortgage Amortization...

12 CFR Appendix A to Subpart B of... - Risk-Based Capital Test Methodology and Specifications

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....3.2, Mortgage Amortization Schedule Inputs 3-32, Loan Group Inputs for Mortgage Amortization... Prepayment Explanatory Variables F 3.6.3.5.2, Multifamily Default and Prepayment Inputs 3-38, Loan Group... Group inputs for Gross Loss Severity F 3.3.4, Interest Rates Outputs3.6.3.3.4, Mortgage Amortization...

30 CFR 204.6 - May I appeal if MMS denies my request for prepayment or other relief?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May I appeal if MMS denies my request for prepayment or other relief? 204.6 Section 204.6 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERALS REVENUE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MARGINAL PROPERTIES General Provisions § 204...

27 CFR 26.105 - Prepayment of tax-release of beer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of beer. 26.105 Section 26.105 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... ISLANDS Taxpayment of Liquors and Articles in Puerto Rico Beer § 26.105 Prepayment of tax—release of beer. (a) Action by brewer. Where the beer is to be withdrawn from bonded storage after payment of the...

13 CFR 107.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (Leverage) Funding Leverage by Use of Sba-Guaranteed Trust Certificates (âtcsâ) § 107.1610 Effect of... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 107.1610 Section 107.1610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL...

13 CFR 107.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (Leverage) Funding Leverage by Use of Sba-Guaranteed Trust Certificates (âtcsâ) § 107.1610 Effect of... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 107.1610 Section 107.1610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL...

13 CFR 108.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Companies (Leverage) Funding Leverage by Use of Sba Guaranteed Trust Certificates (âtcsâ) § 108.1610 Effect... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 108.1610 Section 108.1610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL...

13 CFR 108.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Companies (Leverage) Funding Leverage by Use of Sba Guaranteed Trust Certificates (âtcsâ) § 108.1610 Effect... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate. 108.1610 Section 108.1610 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL...

7 CFR 1786.168 - Borrowers who prepaid under this part prior to October 21, 1992.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... the date of enactment of Public Law 102-428 (106 Stat. 2183) on October 21, 1992, at a discount rate... INSURED LOANS TO ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE BORROWERS Discounted Prepayments on RUS Electric Loans § 1786.168...) The amount (if any) by which the discount the borrower received by reason of the prepayment exceeds...

75 FR 19677 - Medicare Program; Policy and Technical Changes to the Medicare Advantage and the Medicare...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-15

... Care and Network-Based Private Fee-for-Service Plans Under Part C (Sec. 422.112) 7. Deemable Program... Cost by HMO/CMP Cost Contractors and Health Care Prepayment Plans (HCPPs) (Sec. 417.564) 4. Calculation... and Other Technical Changes 1. Application of Subpart M to Health Care Prepayment Plans (Sec. 417.840...

41 CFR 102-118.590 - May my agency appeal a prepayment audit decision of the GSA Audit Division?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May my agency appeal a prepayment audit decision of the GSA Audit Division? 102-118.590 Section 102-118.590 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

41 CFR 102-118.335 - What does the GSA Audit Division consider when verifying an agency prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What does the GSA Audit Division consider when verifying an agency prepayment audit program? 102-118.335 Section 102-118.335 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118...

41 CFR 102-118.580 - May a TSP appeal a prepayment audit decision of the GSA Audit Division?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false May a TSP appeal a prepayment audit decision of the GSA Audit Division? 102-118.580 Section 102-118.580 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

[The regulatory regime and the health insurance industry in Brazil].

PubMed

Costa, Nilson do Rosário

2008-01-01

This paper analyzes the regulatory regime for health insurance and prepayment schemes in Brazil. It describes the ideas that have influenced the creation of the Agência Nacional de Saúde Suplementar-ANS (National Agency of Supplementary Health) in 2000, showing that the independent agency model was a direct result of the privatization process and of the induction of new competition mechanisms in a natural state monopoly. The paper concludes that the prepayment firms in Brazil are facing a new institutional environment as refers to their market entry or exit conditions.

42 CFR 417.430 - Application procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.430 Application...

42 CFR 417.452 - Liability of Medicare enrollees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.452...

42 CFR 417.434 - Reenrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.434 Reenrollment. If an HMO or CMP...

42 CFR 417.461 - Disenrollment by the enrollee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.461 Disenrollment...

42 CFR 417.418 - Qualifying condition: Quality assurance program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.418...

42 CFR 417.414 - Qualifying condition: Range of services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.414 Qualifying condition...

42 CFR 417.450 - Effective date of coverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.450 Effective date...

42 CFR 417.151 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in Employee Health Benefits Plans... least one qualified HMO a written request for inclusion and that request met the timing, content, and...

42 CFR 417.151 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in Employee Health Benefits Plans... least one qualified HMO a written request for inclusion and that request met the timing, content, and...

42 CFR 417.151 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in Employee Health Benefits Plans... least one qualified HMO a written request for inclusion and that request met the timing, content, and...

39 CFR 501.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of prepayment of postage by any method other than postage stamps and permit imprints. A Postage... meter imprints or information-based indicia to indicate postage payment. They include but are not...

7 CFR 3560.456 - Liquidation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... acceleration to circumvent the prepayment process. If it is found that this is the borrower's motivation, the... mortgage after all appeal rights have expired. (d) Foreclosure. (1) The Agency will initiate foreclosure...

12 CFR 3.41 - Operational requirements for securitization exposures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... loans 30, 60, and 90 days past due; default rates; prepayment rates; loans in foreclosure; property types; occupancy; average credit score or other measures of creditworthiness; average LTV ratio; and...

12 CFR 324.41 - Operational requirements for securitization exposures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... loans 30, 60, and 90 days past due; default rates; prepayment rates; loans in foreclosure; property types; occupancy; average credit score or other measures of creditworthiness; average LTV ratio; and...

42 CFR 417.598 - Annual enrollment reconciliation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.598 Annual enrollment reconciliation. CMS... conducts this reconciliation as necessary to ensure that the payments made do not exceed or fall short of...

Is health care financing in Uganda equitable?

PubMed

Zikusooka, C M; Kyomuhang, R; Orem, J N; Tumwine, M

2009-10-01

Health care financing provides the resources and economic incentives for operating health systems and is a key determinant of health system performance. Equitable financing is based on: financial protection, progressive financing and cross-subsidies. This paper describes Uganda's health care financing landscape and documents the key equity issues associated with the current financing mechanisms. We extensively reviewed government documents and relevant literature and conducted key informant interviews, with the aim of assessing whether Uganda's health care financing mechanisms exhibited the key principles of fair financing. Uganda's health sector remains significantly under-funded, mainly relying on private sources of financing, especially out-of-pocket spending. At 9.6 % of total government expenditure, public spending on health is far below the Abuja target of 15% that GoU committed to. Prepayments form a small proportion of funding for Uganda's health sector. There is limited cross-subsidisation and high fragmentation within and between health financing mechanisms, mainly due to high reliance on out-of-pocket payments and limited prepayment mechanisms. Without compulsory health insurance and low coverage of private health insurance, Uganda has limited pooling of resources, and hence minimal cross-subsidisation. Although tax revenue is equitable, the remaining financing mechanisms for Uganda are inequitable due to their regressive nature, their lack of financial protection and limited cross-subsidisation. Overall, Uganda's current health financing is inequitable and fragmented. The government should take explicit action to promote equitable health care financing by establishing pre-payment schemes, enhancing cross-subsidisation mechanisms and through appropriate integration of financing mechanisms.

47 CFR 32.1280 - Prepayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS... to income, except amounts chargeable to telecommunications plant under construction and minor amounts... taxes, other than amounts chargeable to telecommunication plant under construction and minor amounts...

7 CFR 1786.102 - Prepayment agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... shall set forth and provide: (a) The RUS Notes to be prepaid and when the Discounted Present Value will... the RUS Notes between the amount outstanding on the RUS Note and the Discounted Present Value of the...

42 CFR 417.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... health professionals of health (including medical) and other records, equipment, and professional... has contracted to provide; (3) Share medical and other records, equipment, and professional, technical... PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS...

47 CFR 32.1280 - Prepayments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES UNIFORM SYSTEM OF ACCOUNTS... to income, except amounts chargeable to telecommunications plant under construction and minor amounts... taxes, other than amounts chargeable to telecommunication plant under construction and minor amounts...

7 CFR 1786.161 - Return of Qualified Notes and release of lien.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... ELECTRIC AND TELEPHONE BORROWERS Discounted Prepayments on RUS Electric Loans § 1786.161 Return of... at such closing, and upon payment and discharge of all outstanding RUS debt obligations by the...

Non-equilibrium Green's functions method: Non-trivial and disordered leads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Yu; Wang, Yu; Klimeck, Gerhard; Kubis, Tillmann

2014-11-01

The non-equilibrium Green's function algorithm requires contact self-energies to model charge injection and extraction. All existing approaches assume infinitely periodic leads attached to a possibly quite complex device. This contradicts today's realistic devices in which contacts are spatially inhomogeneous, chemically disordered, and impacting the overall device characteristics. This work extends the complex absorbing potentials method for arbitrary, ideal, or non-ideal leads in atomistic tight binding representation. The algorithm is demonstrated on a Si nanowire with periodic leads, a graphene nanoribbon with trumpet shape leads, and devices with leads of randomly alloyed Si0.5Ge0.5. It is found that alloy randomness in the leads can reduce the predicted ON-state current of Si0.5Ge0.5 transistors by 45% compared to conventional lead methods.

7 CFR 3560.259 - Transferring rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for a tenant who is moving due to displacement as a result of prepayment, liquidation, or a natural disaster. The tenant must begin using the rental assistance within 4 months of the transfer or the RA will...

7 CFR 3560.259 - Transferring rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... for a tenant who is moving due to displacement as a result of prepayment, liquidation, or a natural disaster. The tenant must begin using the rental assistance within 4 months of the transfer or the RA will...

7 CFR 3560.259 - Transferring rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... for a tenant who is moving due to displacement as a result of prepayment, liquidation, or a natural disaster. The tenant must begin using the rental assistance within 4 months of the transfer or the RA will...

Paying for College: The Newest Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hansen, Janet S.

1988-01-01

The Michigan Education Trust, in which parents prepay a tuition contract for their child's college education, and the proposed Kentucky Trust, a tuition savings plan, are compared with focus on such issues as risks, incentives, and tax implications. (MSE)

USPS Retiree Health Benefits Prepayment Extension Act of 2011

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Rep. Cummings, Elijah E. [D-MD-7

2011-09-12

House - 10/03/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy . (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Sacramento Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-07-01

The demonstration focused on the sale and distribution of monthly transit passes through employers. This evaluation report covers the period from the organizational phase in October 1977, through the two-year distribution phase in June 1978, to the e...

42 CFR 417.165 - Reapplication for qualification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Continued Regulation of Federally Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations... CMS for purposes of section 1310 of the PHS Act may, after completing the corrective action required...

78 FR 5133 - Technical Corrections Regarding the Methods of Collection of Certain User Fees by CBP

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-24

...] Technical Corrections Regarding the Methods of Collection of Certain User Fees by CBP AGENCY: U.S. Customs... electronic payments through the DTOPS. While CBP's preferred method of receiving user fee prepayment requests...

Jacksonville Transit Fare Prepayment Demonstration

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-09-01

The principal objective of the demonstration was to evaluate the impact upon sales of monthly transit passes that are promoted and sold through employers. The intent of the program was to place as few demands as possible on the employers who are enro...

42 CFR 417.911 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 417.911 Section 417.911 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS...

42 CFR 417.911 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 417.911 Section 417.911 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS...

41 CFR 102-118.410 - Can GSA suspend my agency's prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... conduct a quality assurance review. (b) A systematic or a multitude of individual failures will result in... on his or her determination of a systematic or frequent failure of the program to: (1) Conduct an...

76 FR 38199 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Prepayment of Direct Loans on...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-29

... Inclusion of FHA Mortgage Guidelines AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice... Projects with Inclusion of FHA Mortgage Guidelines. OMB Approval Number: 2502-0554. Form Numbers: HUD-9808...

42 CFR 417.454 - Charges to Medicare enrollees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.454 Charges to... of the contract period, all premiums, enrollment fees, and other charges collected from its Medicare...

27 CFR 24.276 - Prepayment of tax; proprietor in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...)) (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control numbers 1512-0467 and 1512-0492) [T.D. ATF... default will be in cash, or will be in the form of a certified, cashier's, or treasurer's check drawn on...

26 CFR 1.25A-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit. (1) In general. (2) Hope Scholarship Credit. (3) Lifetime Learning...) Modified adjusted gross income defined. (3) Inflation adjustment. (d) Election. (e) Identification... conviction. (2) Examples. (e) Academic period for prepayments. (1) In general. (2) Example. (f) Effective...

24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

78 FR 36520 - Rural Development Voucher Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-18

...- Family Housing Portfolio Management Division, Rural Development, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1400... the process for providing voucher assistance to the eligible impacted families when an owner prepays a... Development Voucher Program, including the eligibility of families, the inspection of the units, and the...

42 CFR 417.408 - Contract application process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract application process. 417.408 Section 417... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.408 Contract application process. (a...

42 CFR 417.424 - Denial of enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.424 Denial of... complying with any of the other contract qualifying conditions set forth in subpart J of this part; (3...

42 CFR 417.400 - Basis and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.400 Basis and scope. (a) Statutory basis. The... CMPs that contract with CMS to furnish covered services to Medicare beneficiaries. (b) Scope. (1) This...

Nonlinear complexity of random visibility graph and Lempel-Ziv on multitype range-intensity interacting financial dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yali; Wang, Jun

2017-09-01

In an attempt to investigate the nonlinear complex evolution of financial dynamics, a new financial price model - the multitype range-intensity contact (MRIC) financial model, is developed based on the multitype range-intensity interacting contact system, in which the interaction and transmission of different types of investment attitudes in a stock market are simulated by viruses spreading. Two new random visibility graph (VG) based analyses and Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) are applied to study the complex behaviors of return time series and the corresponding random sorted series. The VG method is the complex network theory, and the LZC is a non-parametric measure of complexity reflecting the rate of new pattern generation of a series. In this work, the real stock market indices are considered to be comparatively studied with the simulation data of the proposed model. Further, the numerical empirical study shows the similar complexity behaviors between the model and the real markets, the research confirms that the financial model is reasonable to some extent.

Community financing of local ivermectin distribution in Nigeria: potential payment and cost-recovery outlook.

PubMed

Onwujekwe, O E; Shu, E N; Okonkwo, P O

2000-04-01

The preferred payment mechanism in a community financing scheme for local ivermectin distribution was elicited from randomly selected household heads from three communities in Nigeria using interviewer-administered structured questionnaires. The majority of the respondents in the three communities were prepared to pay for local ivermectin distribution. Additionally, the average amounts the respondents were prepared to pay per person treated ($0.28, $0.30 and $0.38 in Nike, Achi and Toro, respectively) were all more than the $0.20 ceiling recommended by the partners of the African Programme on Onchocerciasis Control (APOC). Thus, the cost-recovery outlook is bright in these communities. However, the preferred payment modality varied. Fee-for-service was the predominant payment modality in the Achi and Nike communities, while the Toro community preferred pre-payment. This study demonstrates that many communities have different payment preferences for endemic disease control efforts. This knowledge will help in developing acceptable and sustainable schemes. The imposition of unacceptable payment mechanisms will lead to an unwillingness to pay.

7 CFR 1786.32 - Settlement procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Settlement procedure. 1786.32 Section 1786.32... Settlement procedure. (a) General. Settlements in connection with prepaying FFB loans pursuant to this subpart shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of this section. (b) Settlement Date. The...

42 CFR 417.598 - Annual enrollment reconciliation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Annual enrollment reconciliation. 417.598 Section 417.598 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.598 Annual enrollment...

42 CFR 417.598 - Annual enrollment reconciliation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Annual enrollment reconciliation. 417.598 Section 417.598 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.598 Annual enrollment reconciliation. CMS...

42 CFR 417.598 - Annual enrollment reconciliation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Annual enrollment reconciliation. 417.598 Section 417.598 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.598 Annual enrollment...

42 CFR 417.598 - Annual enrollment reconciliation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Annual enrollment reconciliation. 417.598 Section 417.598 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.598 Annual enrollment...

7 CFR 3560.653 - Prepayment requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of lease language to be used during the period between the submission date and the final resolution... request. The Agency will notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies involved in providing affordable...). Additionally, the Agency is to notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies whenever a borrower, who has...

7 CFR 3565.208 - Maximum loan term.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE GUARANTEED RURAL RENTAL HOUSING PROGRAM Loan Requirements § 3565.208 Maximum loan term. (a... guaranteed loan exceed the lesser of 40 years or the remaining economic life of the project. (b) Prepayment...

44 CFR 6.83 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (a) or (b). [52 FR 13679, Apr. 24, 1987] ... before continuing to process the request. (b) When a requester has previously failed to pay a fee charged... or a pending request from that requester. (c) When FEMA acts under § 5.44 (a) or (b), the...

44 CFR 6.83 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (a) or (b). [52 FR 13679, Apr. 24, 1987] ... before continuing to process the request. (b) When a requester has previously failed to pay a fee charged... or a pending request from that requester. (c) When FEMA acts under § 5.44 (a) or (b), the...

44 CFR 6.83 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (a) or (b). [52 FR 13679, Apr. 24, 1987] ... before continuing to process the request. (b) When a requester has previously failed to pay a fee charged... or a pending request from that requester. (c) When FEMA acts under § 5.44 (a) or (b), the...

44 CFR 6.83 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (a) or (b). [52 FR 13679, Apr. 24, 1987] ... before continuing to process the request. (b) When a requester has previously failed to pay a fee charged... or a pending request from that requester. (c) When FEMA acts under § 5.44 (a) or (b), the...

44 CFR 6.83 - Prepayment of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (a) or (b). [52 FR 13679, Apr. 24, 1987] ... before continuing to process the request. (b) When a requester has previously failed to pay a fee charged... or a pending request from that requester. (c) When FEMA acts under § 5.44 (a) or (b), the...

7 CFR 3560.653 - Prepayment requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... of lease language to be used during the period between the submission date and the final resolution... request. The Agency will notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies involved in providing affordable...). Additionally, the Agency is to notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies whenever a borrower, who has...

7 CFR 3560.653 - Prepayment requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of lease language to be used during the period between the submission date and the final resolution... request. The Agency will notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies involved in providing affordable...). Additionally, the Agency is to notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies whenever a borrower, who has...

7 CFR 3560.653 - Prepayment requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of lease language to be used during the period between the submission date and the final resolution... request. The Agency will notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies involved in providing affordable...). Additionally, the Agency is to notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies whenever a borrower, who has...

7 CFR 3560.653 - Prepayment requests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of lease language to be used during the period between the submission date and the final resolution... request. The Agency will notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies involved in providing affordable...). Additionally, the Agency is to notify nonprofit organizations and public bodies whenever a borrower, who has...

Negotiating with Subscription Agencies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McQueen, Judy; Basch, N. Bernard

1991-01-01

This first in a two-part series on how librarians can negotiate services and prices with subscription agencies focuses on how vendors operate. Factors that influence agency costs, revenues, and service charges are described, including economies of scale, discounts from publishers, and prepayment and cash flow. (seven references) (LRW)

42 CFR 417.592 - Additional benefits requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Additional benefits requirement. 417.592 Section... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.592 Additional benefits...) Additional benefits. Provide its Medicare enrollees with additional benefits in accordance with paragraph (c...

48 CFR 32.503-2 - Supervision of progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Supervision of progress... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Progress Payments Based on Costs 32.503-2 Supervision of progress payments. (a) The extent of progress payments supervision, by prepayment review or...

48 CFR 32.503-2 - Supervision of progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Supervision of progress... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Progress Payments Based on Costs 32.503-2 Supervision of progress payments. (a) The extent of progress payments supervision, by prepayment review or...

48 CFR 32.503-2 - Supervision of progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Supervision of progress... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Progress Payments Based on Costs 32.503-2 Supervision of progress payments. (a) The extent of progress payments supervision, by prepayment review or...

48 CFR 32.503-2 - Supervision of progress payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Supervision of progress... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Progress Payments Based on Costs 32.503-2 Supervision of progress payments. (a) The extent of progress payments supervision, by prepayment review or...

24 CFR 891.530 - Prepayment privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (Continued) OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING... the assignment or transfer of physical and financial assets of any Section 202 project is prohibited, unless the Secretary gives prior written approval. (b) The Secretary may not grant approval unless he or...

24 CFR 891.530 - Prepayment privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (CONTINUED) OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING... the assignment or transfer of physical and financial assets of any Section 202 project is prohibited, unless the Secretary gives prior written approval. (b) The Secretary may not grant approval unless he or...

24 CFR 891.530 - Prepayment privileges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (CONTINUED) OFFICE OF THE ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING... the assignment or transfer of physical and financial assets of any Section 202 project is prohibited, unless the Secretary gives prior written approval. (b) The Secretary may not grant approval unless he or...

42 CFR 417.406 - Application and determination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.406 Application and determination. (a... forth in § 417.407. (2) If an entity no longer meets those requirements, CMS terminates the contract of...

42 CFR 417.413 - Qualifying condition: Operating experience and enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.413..., as appropriate. (b) Standard: Enrollment and operating experience for HMOs or CMPs to contract on a...

42 CFR 417.456 - Refunds to Medicare enrollees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.456 Refunds to... accordance with paragraphs (b) through (d) of this section by the end of the contract period following the...

42 CFR 417.402 - Effective date of initial regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.402 Effective date of... implementing regulations. (b) No new cost plan contracts are accepted by CMS. CMS will, however, accept and...

42 CFR 417.436 - Rules for enrollees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.436 Rules for enrollees... limited to the following: (1) All benefits provided under the contract, as described in § 417.440. (2) How...

42 CFR 417.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.401 Definitions. As used in this subpart and subparts K...) means an actuarial estimate made by CMS in advance of an HMO's or CMP's contract period that represents...

42 CFR 417.472 - Basic contract requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Basic contract requirements. 417.472 Section 417.472 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES... PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Contract Requirements § 417.472 Basic contract requirements. (a) Submittal of...

75 FR 23631 - Federal Home Loan Bank Investments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-04

... internal controls, that their activities foster liquid, efficient, competitive and resilient national... located in: Boston, New York, Pittsburgh, Atlanta, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, Chicago, Des Moines, Dallas... upon the prepayment experience of a specified group of MBS or ABS or the behavior of an interest rate...

Weakly anomalous diffusion with non-Gaussian propagators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cressoni, J. C.; Viswanathan, G. M.; Ferreira, A. S.; da Silva, M. A. A.

2012-08-01

A poorly understood phenomenon seen in complex systems is diffusion characterized by Hurst exponent H≈1/2 but with non-Gaussian statistics. Motivated by such empirical findings, we report an exact analytical solution for a non-Markovian random walk model that gives rise to weakly anomalous diffusion with H=1/2 but with a non-Gaussian propagator.

27 CFR 41.106 - Record of shipment by taxpayer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and...

27 CFR 41.106 - Record of shipment by taxpayer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and...

27 CFR 41.106 - Record of shipment by taxpayer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and...

42 CFR 417.478 - Requirements of other laws and regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Requirements of other laws and regulations. 417.478... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Contract Requirements § 417.478 Requirements of other laws and...

42 CFR 417.592 - Additional benefits requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Additional benefits requirement. 417.592 Section... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.592 Additional benefits requirement. (a... benefits. Provide its Medicare enrollees with additional benefits in accordance with paragraph (c) of this...

42 CFR 417.426 - Open enrollment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Open enrollment requirements. 417.426 Section 417... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.426 Open enrollment requirements. (a) Basic requirements. (1) HMOs or CMPs must provide open enrollment for Medicare beneficiaries...

42 CFR 417.426 - Open enrollment requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Open enrollment requirements. 417.426 Section 417... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.426 Open enrollment requirements. (a) Basic requirements. (1) HMOs or CMPs must provide open enrollment for Medicare beneficiaries...

7 CFR 1786.155 - Eligible borrower.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... purpose of determining eligibility for prepayment, a default by a power supply borrower from which a distribution borrower purchases wholesale power shall not be considered a default by the distribution borrower... borrower shall be current on all obligations under any wholesale power contract with an RUS financed power...

7 CFR 1786.155 - Eligible borrower.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... purpose of determining eligibility for prepayment, a default by a power supply borrower from which a distribution borrower purchases wholesale power shall not be considered a default by the distribution borrower... borrower shall be current on all obligations under any wholesale power contract with an RUS financed power...

27 CFR 41.107-41.108 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes §§ 41...

27 CFR 41.107-41.108 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes §§ 41...

27 CFR 41.107-41.108 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes §§ 41...

27 CFR 41.106 - Record of shipment by taxpayer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and...

27 CFR 41.107-41.108 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes §§ 41...

27 CFR 41.107-41.108 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes §§ 41...

27 CFR 41.106 - Record of shipment by taxpayer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) TOBACCO IMPORTATION OF TOBACCO PRODUCTS, CIGARETTE PAPERS AND TUBES, AND PROCESSED TOBACCO Puerto Rican Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and Tubes, Brought Into the United States Prepayment of Tax in Puerto Rico on Tobacco Products and Cigarette Papers and...

42 CFR 417.404 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Qualifying Conditions for Medicare Contracts § 417.404 General requirements. (a) In order to contract with CMS under the Medicare program, an entity must— (1) Be determined by CMS to be an HMO or CMP...

31 CFR 25.200 - General rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES LOANS MADE BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY AND FOREIGN MILITARY SALES LOANS MADE BY THE... principal balances of any Eligible FMS Advances shall be determined in accordance with the principal of...

42 CFR 417.428 - Marketing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Marketing activities. 417.428 Section 417.428... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.428 Marketing... marketing requirements set forth in subpart V of part 422 of this chapter also apply to Medicare contracts...

42 CFR 417.428 - Marketing activities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Marketing activities. 417.428 Section 417.428... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.428 Marketing... marketing requirements set forth in subpart V of part 422 of this chapter also apply to Medicare contracts...

24 CFR 320.5 - Securities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... balance, with all prepayments and other unscheduled recoveries of principal being passed through to the... mortgage, the issuer may repurchase such mortgage for an amount equal to the unpaid principal balance of... principal balances of the mortgages in the pool. The Association may provide for issuers to submit packages...

7 CFR 1488.15 - Advance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and... of the account receivable, it shall be remitted promptly to CCC. Such prepayment shall be applied first to interest on the unpaid balance of the account receivable to the date CCC receives such...

7 CFR 1488.15 - Advance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and... of the account receivable, it shall be remitted promptly to CCC. Such prepayment shall be applied first to interest on the unpaid balance of the account receivable to the date CCC receives such...

7 CFR 1488.15 - Advance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5) Bank Obligations and... of the account receivable, it shall be remitted promptly to CCC. Such prepayment shall be applied first to interest on the unpaid balance of the account receivable to the date CCC receives such...

Wigner surmises and the two-dimensional homogeneous Poisson point process.

PubMed

Sakhr, Jamal; Nieminen, John M

2006-04-01

We derive a set of identities that relate the higher-order interpoint spacing statistics of the two-dimensional homogeneous Poisson point process to the Wigner surmises for the higher-order spacing distributions of eigenvalues from the three classical random matrix ensembles. We also report a remarkable identity that equates the second-nearest-neighbor spacing statistics of the points of the Poisson process and the nearest-neighbor spacing statistics of complex eigenvalues from Ginibre's ensemble of 2 x 2 complex non-Hermitian random matrices.

20 CFR 416.2221 - Validation reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... each State VR agency or alternate participant. We will conduct some of these reviews on a prepayment... the claims filed by any State VR agency or alternate participant, if we determine that such review is..., the State VR agency or alternate participant must submit such records of the VR services and costs for...

20 CFR 416.2221 - Validation reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... each State VR agency or alternate participant. We will conduct some of these reviews on a prepayment... the claims filed by any State VR agency or alternate participant, if we determine that such review is..., the State VR agency or alternate participant must submit such records of the VR services and costs for...

10 CFR 72.30 - Financial assurance and recordkeeping for decommissioning.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... CLASS C WASTE License Application, Form, and Contents § 72.30 Financial assurance and recordkeeping for... plan containing information on how reasonable assurance will be provided that funds will be available.... Prepayment may be in the form of a trust, escrow account, government fund, certificate of deposit, or deposit...

77 FR 5416 - Financial Derivatives Transactions To Offset Interest Rate Risk; Investment and Deposit Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-03

... sheet (e.g., prepayments and call options)? To what extent should an FCU seeking independent derivatives... NATIONAL CREDIT UNION ADMINISTRATION 12 CFR Part 703 Financial Derivatives Transactions To Offset... credit unions (FCUs) to engage in certain derivatives transactions for the purpose of offsetting interest...

42 CFR 417.531 - Hospice care services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hospice care services. 417.531 Section 417.531... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.531 Hospice care services. (a) If a Medicare enrollee of...

42 CFR 417.585 - Special rules: Hospice care.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special rules: Hospice care. 417.585 Section 417... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.585 Special rules: Hospice care. (a) No payment is made...

A bill to provide for the prepayment of a repayment contract between the United States and the Uintah Water Conservancy District, and for other purposes.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Bennett, Robert F. [R-UT

2009-10-06

Senate - 03/02/2010 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 293. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Florida's Prepaid College Tuition Program: Marketing a Pre-Need Service.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gauff, Joseph F., Jr.

1994-01-01

A discussion of Florida's college tuition prepayment program describes the plan and its options and examines its marketing implications as a preneed service. It is concluded that the program makes saving for college easy, economical, and completely safe but requires rethinking of conventional marketing strategies and mix. (MSE)

7 CFR 1786.151 - Definitions and rules of construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... part. Business day means any day on which both the RUS and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York are open for business. Construction Fund Account means the Cash—Construction Fund—Trustee Account... Prepayment agreement. Closing date shall mean any business day identified as such by the Government in its...

76 FR 76737 - Emergency Clearance: Public Information Collection Requirements Submitted to the Office of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-08

... information collection burden. We are, however, requesting an emergency review of the information collection... for emergency review. We are requesting an emergency review to ensure compliance with section 1862(a... Information Collection: Medicare Fee-for-Service Prepayment Medical Review; Use: The information required...

7 CFR 1767.41 - Accounting methods and procedures required of all RUS borrowers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Nonrefundable Payments for Construction 117 Refunds of Overpayments for Materials and Equipment 118 Load Control... Compensated Absences 603 Employee Retirement and Group Insurance 604 Deferred Compensation 605 Life Insurance... Television Services 624 Pollution Control Bonds 625 Prepayment of Debt 626 Rural Economic Development Loan...

20 CFR 416.2221 - Validation reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... each State VR agency or alternate participant. We will conduct some of these reviews on a prepayment... the claims filed by any State VR agency or alternate participant, if we determine that such review is..., the State VR agency or alternate participant must submit such records of the VR services and costs for...

20 CFR 416.2221 - Validation reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... each State VR agency or alternate participant. We will conduct some of these reviews on a prepayment... the claims filed by any State VR agency or alternate participant, if we determine that such review is..., the State VR agency or alternate participant must submit such records of the VR services and costs for...

20 CFR 416.2221 - Validation reviews.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... each State VR agency or alternate participant. We will conduct some of these reviews on a prepayment... the claims filed by any State VR agency or alternate participant, if we determine that such review is..., the State VR agency or alternate participant must submit such records of the VR services and costs for...

Relief for the Tuition Migraine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Settel, John F.

1990-01-01

No matter what the rationale for high tuition, unless it is controlled, the average American family will not be able to afford a private college or university education. What is needed is a flexible tuition prepayment plan built on cooperation between private institutions, the federal government, and investment firms. Requirements of a successful…

42 CFR 417.536 - Cost payment principles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cost payment principles. 417.536 Section 417.536... PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.536 Cost payment principles. (a) Applicability. Unless otherwise specified in this subpart, the principles set forth in parts 412 and 413 of this chapter are...

42 CFR 417.432 - Conversion of enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conversion of enrollment. 417.432 Section 417.432... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.432 Conversion of... Medicare Parts A and B or Part B only. (b) Effective date of conversion. Unless the individual chooses to...

42 CFR 417.432 - Conversion of enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conversion of enrollment. 417.432 Section 417.432... PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.432 Conversion of... Medicare Parts A and B or Part B only. (b) Effective date of conversion. Unless the individual chooses to...

Do Students Need a Deferred Tuition Payment Plan?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duplass, James A.

1984-01-01

Wayne State University's experiences in altering its deferred tuition payment plan to improve cash flow but not adversely affect enrollment are outlined and analyzed. The new plan saved money for the university and encouraged early registration, and most students opted to prepay tuition, saving the late payment fee. (MSE)

26 CFR 1.141-5 - Private loan financing test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section if— (A) The prepayment is made for— (1) Maintenance, repair, or an extended warranty with respect to personal property (for example, automobiles or electronic equipment); or (2) Updates or maintenance or support services with respect to computer software; and (B) The same...

26 CFR 1.141-5 - Private loan financing test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section if— (A) The prepayment is made for— (1) Maintenance, repair, or an extended warranty with respect to personal property (for example, automobiles or electronic equipment); or (2) Updates or maintenance or support services with respect to computer software; and (B) The same...

26 CFR 1.141-5 - Private loan financing test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section if— (A) The prepayment is made for— (1) Maintenance, repair, or an extended warranty with respect to personal property (for example, automobiles or electronic equipment); or (2) Updates or maintenance or support services with respect to computer software; and (B) The same...

26 CFR 1.141-5 - Private loan financing test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... paragraph (c)(2)(ii)(A) of this section if— (A) The prepayment is made for— (1) Maintenance, repair, or an extended warranty with respect to personal property (for example, automobiles or electronic equipment); or (2) Updates or maintenance or support services with respect to computer software; and (B) The same...

26 CFR 1.25A-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit. (1) In general. (2) Hope Scholarship Credit. (3) Lifetime Learning... conviction. (2) Examples. (e) Academic period for prepayments. (1) In general. (2) Example. (f) Effective date. § 1.25A-4Lifetime Learning Credit (a) Amount of the credit. (1) Taxable years beginning before...

26 CFR 1.25A-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit. (1) In general. (2) Hope Scholarship Credit. (3) Lifetime Learning... conviction. (2) Examples. (e) Academic period for prepayments. (1) In general. (2) Example. (f) Effective date. § 1.25A-4Lifetime Learning Credit (a) Amount of the credit. (1) Taxable years beginning before...

26 CFR 1.25A-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit. (1) In general. (2) Hope Scholarship Credit. (3) Lifetime Learning... conviction. (2) Examples. (e) Academic period for prepayments. (1) In general. (2) Example. (f) Effective date. § 1.25A-4Lifetime Learning Credit (a) Amount of the credit. (1) Taxable years beginning before...

26 CFR 1.25A-0 - Table of contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Credit and Lifetime Learning Credit. (1) In general. (2) Hope Scholarship Credit. (3) Lifetime Learning... conviction. (2) Examples. (e) Academic period for prepayments. (1) In general. (2) Example. (f) Effective date. § 1.25A-4Lifetime Learning Credit (a) Amount of the credit. (1) Taxable years beginning before...

3 CFR - Enhancing Payment Accuracy Through a “Do Not Pay List”

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... are not made. Agencies maintain many databases containing information on a recipient's eligibility to... databases before making payments or awards, agencies can identify ineligible recipients and prevent certain... pre-payment and pre-award procedures and ensure that a thorough review of available databases with...

31 CFR 25.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 25.100 Section 25.100 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES... finance company, which is doing business in the United States; (ii) Any broker or dealer registered with...

31 CFR 25.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 25.100 Section 25.100 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES... finance company, which is doing business in the United States; (ii) Any broker or dealer registered with...

31 CFR 25.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 25.100 Section 25.100 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES... finance company, which is doing business in the United States; (ii) Any broker or dealer registered with...

31 CFR 25.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 25.100 Section 25.100 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES... finance company, which is doing business in the United States; (ii) Any broker or dealer registered with...

31 CFR 25.100 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 25.100 Section 25.100 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES... finance company, which is doing business in the United States; (ii) Any broker or dealer registered with...

26 CFR 1.148-1 - Definitions and elections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... investments, expenditures, allocations to and from different sources, and particular items of the foregoing... wholesalers. The issue price does not change if part of the issue is later sold at a different price. The... an application of this paragraph (e)(2)(i): Example. Prepayment after contract is executed. In 1998...

26 CFR 1.148-1 - Definitions and elections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... investments, expenditures, allocations to and from different sources, and particular items of the foregoing... wholesalers. The issue price does not change if part of the issue is later sold at a different price. The... an application of this paragraph (e)(2)(i): Example. Prepayment after contract is executed. In 1998...

26 CFR 1.148-1 - Definitions and elections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... investments, expenditures, allocations to and from different sources, and particular items of the foregoing... wholesalers. The issue price does not change if part of the issue is later sold at a different price. The... an application of this paragraph (e)(2)(i): Example. Prepayment after contract is executed. In 1998...

42 CFR 417.420 - Basic rules on enrollment and entitlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.420... HMO or CMP that has in effect a contract with CMS under subpart L of this part. (b) Entitlement. If a...

42 CFR 417.422 - Eligibility to enroll in an HMO or CMP.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.422... entered into a contract under subpart L of this part; (d) During an enrollment period of the HMO or CMP...

Selection of a Health Maintenance Organization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gumbiner, Robert

1978-01-01

The president of a group practice prepayment program describes the health maintenance organization (HMO), an alternative health care delivery system for employee groups. An HMO differs from indemnity insurance in providing total medical and health care for a monthly fee, instead of paying only in cases of illness or accident. (MF)

7 CFR 1767.41 - Accounting methods and procedures required of all RUS borrowers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Nonrefundable Payments for Construction 117 Refunds of Overpayments for Materials and Equipment 118 Load Control... Compensated Absences 603 Employee Retirement and Group Insurance 604 Deferred Compensation 605 Life Insurance... Television Services 624 Pollution Control Bonds 625 Prepayment of Debt 626 Rural Economic Development Loan...

7 CFR 1786.98 - Discounted present value.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Discounted present value. 1786.98 Section 1786.98... Discounted present value. (a) The Discounted Present Value shall be calculated by RUS before prepayment is made by summing the present values of all remaining payments on all outstanding notes according to the...

42 CFR 417.538 - Enrollment and marketing costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Enrollment and marketing costs. 417.538 Section 417... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.538 Enrollment and marketing costs. (a) Principle. Costs incurred by an HMO or CMP in performing the enrollment and marketing activities described...

42 CFR 417.538 - Enrollment and marketing costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Enrollment and marketing costs. 417.538 Section 417... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.538 Enrollment and marketing costs. (a) Principle. Costs incurred by an HMO or CMP in performing the enrollment and marketing activities described...

42 CFR 417.538 - Enrollment and marketing costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Enrollment and marketing costs. 417.538 Section 417... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.538 Enrollment and marketing costs. (a) Principle. Costs incurred by an HMO or CMP in performing the enrollment and marketing activities described...

12 CFR 344.5 - Content and time of notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... mail, facsimile or other means of electronic transmission, to the customer at or before completion of... has a maturity date that may be extended by the issuer thereof, with a variable interest payable... receivables or other financial assets that are subject continuously to prepayment; (10) In the case of a...

12 CFR 344.5 - Content and time of notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... mail, facsimile or other means of electronic transmission, to the customer at or before completion of... has a maturity date that may be extended by the issuer thereof, with a variable interest payable... receivables or other financial assets that are subject continuously to prepayment; (10) In the case of a...

12 CFR 344.5 - Content and time of notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... mail, facsimile or other means of electronic transmission, to the customer at or before completion of... has a maturity date that may be extended by the issuer thereof, with a variable interest payable... receivables or other financial assets that are subject continuously to prepayment; (10) In the case of a...

12 CFR 344.5 - Content and time of notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... mail, facsimile or other means of electronic transmission, to the customer at or before completion of... has a maturity date that may be extended by the issuer thereof, with a variable interest payable... receivables or other financial assets that are subject continuously to prepayment; (10) In the case of a...

76 FR 68011 - Medicare Program; Advanced Payment Model

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

..., coordinated care and generate cost savings. The Advance Payment Model will test whether and how pre-paying a..., Medicaid, and Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) beneficiaries. One potential mechanism for achieving this goal is for CMS to partner with groups of health care providers of services and suppliers...

24 CFR 248.135 - Plans of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Plans of action. 248.135 Section... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Prepayments and Plans of Action Under the Low Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 § 248.135 Plans of action. (a) Submission. An owner seeking...

42 CFR 417.412 - Qualifying condition: Administration and management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualifying condition: Administration and management. 417.412 Section 417.412 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS...

42 CFR 476.78 - Responsibilities of health care facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... furnished to Medicare beneficiaries must maintain a written agreement with a QIO operating in the area in... information within 30 days of a request. QIOs pay providers paid under the prospective payment system for the... receive retrospective prepayment review, according to the review priority established by the QIO. (c...

7 CFR 1488.15 - Advance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5... foreign importer of any part of the account receivable, it shall be remitted promptly to CCC. Such prepayment shall be applied first to interest on the unpaid balance of the account receivable to the date CCC...

7 CFR 1488.15 - Advance payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Export Sales of Agricultural Commodities From Private Stocks Under CCC Export Credit Sales Program (GSM-5... foreign importer of any part of the account receivable, it shall be remitted promptly to CCC. Such prepayment shall be applied first to interest on the unpaid balance of the account receivable to the date CCC...

The glassy random laser: replica symmetry breaking in the intensity fluctuations of emission spectra

PubMed Central

Antenucci, Fabrizio; Crisanti, Andrea; Leuzzi, Luca

2015-01-01

The behavior of a newly introduced overlap parameter, measuring the correlation between intensity fluctuations of waves in random media, is analyzed in different physical regimes, with varying amount of disorder and non-linearity. This order parameter allows to identify the laser transition in random media and describes its possible glassy nature in terms of emission spectra data, the only data so far accessible in random laser measurements. The theoretical analysis is performed in terms of the complex spherical spin-glass model, a statistical mechanical model describing the onset and the behavior of random lasers in open cavities. Replica Symmetry Breaking theory allows to discern different kinds of randomness in the high pumping regime, including the most complex and intriguing glassy randomness. The outcome of the theoretical study is, eventually, compared to recent intensity fluctuation overlap measurements demonstrating the validity of the theory and providing a straightforward interpretation of qualitatively different spectral behaviors in different random lasers. PMID:26616194

Investigation of a protein complex network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mashaghi, A. R.; Ramezanpour, A.; Karimipour, V.

2004-09-01

The budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the first eukaryote whose genome has been completely sequenced. It is also the first eukaryotic cell whose proteome (the set of all proteins) and interactome (the network of all mutual interactions between proteins) has been analyzed. In this paper we study the structure of the yeast protein complex network in which weighted edges between complexes represent the number of shared proteins. It is found that the network of protein complexes is a small world network with scale free behavior for many of its distributions. However we find that there are no strong correlations between the weights and degrees of neighboring complexes. To reveal non-random features of the network we also compare it with a null model in which the complexes randomly select their proteins. Finally we propose a simple evolutionary model based on duplication and divergence of proteins.

7 CFR 1786.207 - Prepayment premium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... between the outstanding principal balance of the loan being refinanced and the present value of the loan... date of the loan advance; and (3)(i) The present value of 100 percent of the amount of interest for 1... amount being refinanced or prepaid was advanced, the present value of the difference between: (A) Each...

Alternative Fuels Data Center

Science.gov Websites

Natural Gas Tax Compressed natural gas (CNG) and liquefied natural gas (LNG) used as motor fuel of using natural gas must pay an annual flat rate privilege tax if the vehicle has a gross vehicle equivalent of LNG; operators must prepay a portion of this tax annually. The Mississippi Department of

13 CFR 120.882 - Eligible Project costs for 504 loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... expansion may be refinanced and added to the expansion cost if: (1) Substantially all (85% or more) of the...). Prepayment penalties, financing fees, and other financing costs must also be added to the amount being... current fair market value of the fixed assets serving as collateral for the Refinancing Project, including...

42 CFR 417.568 - Adequate financial records, statistical data, and cost finding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417... health care industry. (b) Provision of data. (1) The HMO or CMP must provide adequate cost and... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Adequate financial records, statistical data, and...

42 CFR 417.588 - Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.588 Computation... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC). 417.588 Section 417.588 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF...

42 CFR 417.568 - Adequate financial records, statistical data, and cost finding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.568 Adequate... definitions and accounting, statistics, and reporting practices that are widely accepted in the health care... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Adequate financial records, statistical data, and...

42 CFR 417.588 - Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.588 Computation of... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC). 417.588 Section 417.588 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF...

42 CFR 417.588 - Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Risk Basis § 417.588 Computation of... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Computation of adjusted average per capita cost (AAPCC). 417.588 Section 417.588 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF...

42 CFR 417.568 - Adequate financial records, statistical data, and cost finding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.568 Adequate... definitions and accounting, statistics, and reporting practices that are widely accepted in the health care... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Adequate financial records, statistical data, and...

To direct the Secretary of the Interior to allow for prepayment of repayment contracts between the United States and the Uintah Water Conservancy District.

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Matheson, Jim [D-UT-2

2009-06-18

Senate - 09/30/2009 Received in the Senate and Read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

18 CFR 367.2360 - Account 236, Taxes accrued.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... accrued. (a) This account must be credited with the amount of taxes accrued during the accounting period... date of the balance sheet, must be shown under account 165, Prepayments (§ 367.1650). (b) If accruals... accruals. (c) Accruals for taxes must be based upon the net amounts payable after credit for any discounts...

42 CFR 417.156 - When the HMO must be offered to employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in...'s request for inclusion in a health benefits plan is received at a time when existing contracts or agreements do not provide for inclusion, the employing entity must include the HMO option in the health...

42 CFR 417.156 - When the HMO must be offered to employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in...'s request for inclusion in a health benefits plan is received at a time when existing contracts or agreements do not provide for inclusion, the employing entity must include the HMO option in the health...

42 CFR 417.156 - When the HMO must be offered to employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in...'s request for inclusion in a health benefits plan is received at a time when existing contracts or agreements do not provide for inclusion, the employing entity must include the HMO option in the health...

27 CFR 25.174 - Bond not sufficient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Bond not sufficient. 25.174 Section 25.174 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.174 Bond not sufficient. When the...

27 CFR 25.174 - Bond not sufficient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Bond not sufficient. 25.174 Section 25.174 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.174 Bond not sufficient. When the...

27 CFR 25.174 - Bond not sufficient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Bond not sufficient. 25.174 Section 25.174 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.174 Bond not sufficient. When the...

27 CFR 25.174 - Bond not sufficient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Bond not sufficient. 25.174 Section 25.174 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.174 Bond not sufficient. When the...

77 FR 22071 - Medicare Program; Changes to the Medicare Advantage and the Medicare Prescription Drug Benefit...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

... care facility conditions of participation pertaining to pharmacy services. DATES: Effective dates... of Health Care Prepayment Plans (Sec. 417.801) 2. Plan Performance Ratings as a Measure of... Information AHRQ Agency for Health Care Research and Quality ALJ Administrative Law Judge ANOC Annual Notice...

42 CFR 417.538 - Enrollment and marketing costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.538 Enrollment and marketing costs. (a) Principle. Costs incurred by an HMO or CMP in performing the enrollment and marketing activities described in subpart k of... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Enrollment and marketing costs. 417.538 Section 417...

24 CFR 248.141 - Criteria for approval of a plan of action involving prepayment and voluntary termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... inventory, residential construction activity, and the current and anticipated supply/demand conditions... and anticipated supply/demand conditions in both the overall rental market and the assisted housing... involuntary displacement; and (2) The supply of vacant, comparable housing is sufficient to ensure that such...

38 CFR 36.4211 - Amortization-prepayment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... security instrument shall contain any provision giving the holder a right to declare the loan due or... (CONTINUED) LOAN GUARANTY Guaranty of Loans to Veterans to Purchase Manufactured Homes and Lots, Including... under 38 U.S.C. 3712 a loan shall be amortized fully within the term of the loan in accordance with any...

42 CFR 417.156 - When the HMO must be offered to employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in Employee Health... inclusion in a health benefits plan is received at a time when existing contracts or agreements do not provide for inclusion, the employing entity must include the HMO option in the health benefits plan at the...

42 CFR 417.572 - Budget and enrollment forecast and interim reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Budget and enrollment forecast and interim reports... PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.572 Budget and enrollment forecast and interim reports. (a) Annual submittal. The HMO or CMP must submit an annual operating budget...

31 CFR 25.303 - Closing procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Closing procedure. 25.303 Section 25... Closing procedure. (a) FMS loans held by DSAA. (1) After the Treasury has processed Parts I and II of a... person identified in Part V of the prepayment application to establish a Closing Date mutually agreeable...

7 CFR 1786.105 - Closing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 12 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Closing. 1786.105 Section 1786.105 Agriculture... Prepayments on RUS Notes in the Event of a Merger of Certain RUS Electric Borrowers § 1786.105 Closing. (a... bodies and other lenders. (b) The RUS Notes shall be prepaid at a closing to be held in accordance with...

42 CFR 417.937 - Loan and loan guarantee provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Loan and loan guarantee provisions. 417.937 Section... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Administration of Outstanding Loans and Loan Guarantees § 417.937 Loan and loan guarantee provisions. (a) Disbursement of loan proceeds. The principal amount of any loan made or...

42 CFR 417.464 - End of CMS's liability for payment: Disenrollment of beneficiaries and termination or default of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of beneficiaries and termination or default of contract. 417.464 Section 417.464 Public Health... PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Enrollment, Entitlement, and Disenrollment under Medicare Contract § 417.464 End of CMS's liability for...

Prepaying & Saving for College: Opportunities and Issues. Policy Perspectives No. 3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jennings, Barbara M.; Olivas, Michael A.

This publication provides an overview and discusses underlying issues of the college savings and prepaid tuition plans that are emerging in the states. Two papers offer different vantage points on college savings and prepaid plans in financing postsecondary education. The first paper, "The Evolution of State Plans" (Barbara M. Jennings),…

42 CFR 417.156 - When the HMO must be offered to employees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Inclusion of Qualified Health Maintenance Organizations in Employee Health... inclusion in a health benefits plan is received at a time when existing contracts or agreements do not provide for inclusion, the employing entity must include the HMO option in the health benefits plan at the...

30 CFR 204.4 - What is a marginal property under this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a marginal property under this part... REVENUE MANAGEMENT ALTERNATIVES FOR MARGINAL PROPERTIES General Provisions § 204.4 What is a marginal property under this part? (a) To qualify as a marginal property eligible for royalty prepayment or...

12 CFR 327.12 - Prepayment of quarterly risk-based assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (b)(2) and (3) of this section shall be determined based upon data in the FDIC's computer systems as of December 24, 2009. Changes to data underlying an institution's adjusted total base assessment rate... data changes as provided in paragraph (b)(4) of this section. (d) Payment of prepaid assessment. Each...

31 CFR 25.401 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fees. 25.401 Section 25.401 Money and Finance: Treasury Office of the Secretary of the Treasury PREPAYMENT OF FOREIGN MILITARY SALES LOANS MADE... FINANCING BANK AND GUARANTEED BY THE DEFENSE SECURITY ASSISTANCE AGENCY Form of Private Loan § 25.401 Fees...

42 CFR 417.538 - Enrollment and marketing costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Enrollment and marketing costs. 417.538 Section 417... PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost Basis § 417.538 Enrollment and marketing costs. (a) Principle. Costs incurred by an HMO or CMP in performing the enrollment and marketing activities described in subpart k of...

27 CFR 25.174 - Bond not sufficient.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Bond not sufficient. 25.174 Section 25.174 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.174 Bond not sufficient. When the...

41 CFR 51-8.15 - Collection of fees and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... charges. 51-8.15 Section 51-8.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... AVAILABILITY OF AGENCY MATERIALS § 51-8.15 Collection of fees and charges. (a) Except when prepayment is.... (c) In instances where a requester has previously failed to pay a fee, the Committee may require the...

41 CFR 51-8.15 - Collection of fees and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... charges. 51-8.15 Section 51-8.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... AVAILABILITY OF AGENCY MATERIALS § 51-8.15 Collection of fees and charges. (a) Except when prepayment is.... (c) In instances where a requester has previously failed to pay a fee, the Committee may require the...

41 CFR 51-8.15 - Collection of fees and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... charges. 51-8.15 Section 51-8.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... AVAILABILITY OF AGENCY MATERIALS § 51-8.15 Collection of fees and charges. (a) Except when prepayment is.... (c) In instances where a requester has previously failed to pay a fee, the Committee may require the...

41 CFR 51-8.15 - Collection of fees and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... charges. 51-8.15 Section 51-8.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... AVAILABILITY OF AGENCY MATERIALS § 51-8.15 Collection of fees and charges. (a) Except when prepayment is.... (c) In instances where a requester has previously failed to pay a fee, the Committee may require the...

41 CFR 51-8.15 - Collection of fees and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... charges. 51-8.15 Section 51-8.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... AVAILABILITY OF AGENCY MATERIALS § 51-8.15 Collection of fees and charges. (a) Except when prepayment is.... (c) In instances where a requester has previously failed to pay a fee, the Committee may require the...

42 CFR 417.930 - Initial costs of operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Initial costs of operation. 417.930 Section 417.930... PREPAYMENT PLANS Administration of Outstanding Loans and Loan Guarantees § 417.930 Initial costs of operation. Under section 1305 of the PHS, loans and loan guarantees were awarded for initial costs of operation of...

5 CFR 1655.17 - Prepayment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... participant may repay a loan in full, without a penalty, at any time before the declaration of a taxable... means receipt by the TSP record keeper of a payment, by personal check or guaranteed funds made payable... returns a loan check to the TSP record keeper, it will be treated as a repayment; however, additional...

12 CFR 327.12 - Prepayment of quarterly risk-based assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... statement invoice for the third quarter of 2009. The FDIC will re-invoice through FDICconnect based upon any... before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898-6676). The... Protection on or before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898...

12 CFR 327.12 - Prepayment of quarterly risk-based assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... statement invoice for the third quarter of 2009. The FDIC will re-invoice through FDICconnect based upon any... before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898-6676). The... Protection on or before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898...

12 CFR 327.12 - Prepayment of quarterly risk-based assessments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... statement invoice for the third quarter of 2009. The FDIC will re-invoice through FDICconnect based upon any... before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898-6676). The... Protection on or before December 1, 2009, by electronic mail ([email protected]gov) or fax (202-898...

24 CFR 248.141 - Criteria for approval of a plan of action involving prepayment and voluntary termination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Criteria for approval of a plan of... Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND...

42 CFR 417.558 - Emergency, urgently needed, and out-of-area services for which the HMO or CMP accepts...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... services for which the HMO or CMP accepts responsibility. 417.558 Section 417.558 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM HEALTH MAINTENANCE ORGANIZATIONS, COMPETITIVE MEDICAL PLANS, AND HEALTH CARE PREPAYMENT PLANS Medicare Payment: Cost...

Natural gas prepayments provide new, economical tool for municipalities and universities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, K.; Norman, J.

1996-08-01

Just when you thought all the gas supply pricing notions had bubbled to the surface - comes the City of Clarksville, Tennessee with the next innovation. Clarksville owns and operates a local distribution company serving residential, commercial, and industrial customers. It also serves Fort Campbell, Kentucky, a large U.S. Army facility. The City closed a unique gas supply transaction in December 1994 which will fix a portion of its gas utility`s natural gas prices for ten years. The new wrinkle is the way the gas was purchased. Clarksville prepaid Louis Dreyfus Energy Corporation $22 million in return for 3,900 MMBTU`smore » per day for ten years, delivered to Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company in Louisiana. SUTRO & Company`s municipal finance division in Denver financed the City`s prepayment with tax-exempt securities. SUTRO, a division of John Hancock Freedom Securities, developed the successful tax strategy, prepaid bid documents, and financing structure during the last several years. The natural gas business expertise was provided by KTM, INC. a Boulder, Colorado natural gas consulting firm.« less

A new low-cost negative-pressure wound therapy versus a commercially available therapy device widely used to treat complex traumatic injuries: a prospective, randomized, non-inferiority trial.

PubMed

Kamamoto, Fabio; Lima, Ana Lucia Munhoz; Rezende, Marcelo Rosa de; Mattar-Junior, Rames; Leonhardt, Marcos de Camargo; Kojima, Kodi Edson; Santos, Carla Chineze Dos

2017-12-01

Negative-pressure wound therapy has been widely adopted to reduce the complexity of treating a broad range of acute and chronic wounds. However, its cost is high. The objective of this study was to evaluate the following two different methods of negative-pressure wound therapy in terms of healing time: a low-cost method of negative-pressure wound therapy (a pressure stabilizer device connected to a hospital wall-vacuum system with a gauze-sealed dressing, USP) and the standard of care (vacuum-assisted closure, VAC). This is a randomized, controlled, non-inferiority, unblinded trial. Patients admitted with complex injuries to a trauma center in a public referral hospital who were indicated for orthopedic surgery were randomized to a USP or VAC group. The primary outcome was the time required to achieve a "ready for surgery condition", which was defined as a wound bed with healthy granulation tissue and without necrosis or purulent secretion. Wound bed area contraction, granulation tissue growth and the direct costs of the dressings were secondary outcomes. Variation in area and granulation tissue growth were essentially the same between the systems, and healing time was equal between the groups (p=0.379). In both systems, serial debridement increased wound area (p=0.934), and granulation tissue was also increased (p=0.408). The mean treatment cost was US$ 15.15 in the USP group and US$ 872.59 in the VAC group. For treating complex traumatic injuries, USP was non-inferior to and less expensive than VAC.

Network-Physics (NP) BEC DIGITAL(#)-VULNERABILITY; ``Q-Computing"=Simple-Arithmetic;Modular-Congruences=SignalXNoise PRODUCTS=Clock-model;BEC-Factorization;RANDOM-# Definition;P=/=NP TRIVIAL Proof!!!

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pi, E. I.; Siegel, E.

2010-03-01

Siegel[AMS Natl.Mtg.(2002)-Abs.973-60-124] digits logarithmic- law inversion to ONLY BEQS BEC:Quanta/Bosons=#: EMP-like SEVERE VULNERABILITY of ONLY #-networks(VS.ANALOG INvulnerability) via Barabasi NP(VS.dynamics[Not.AMS(5/2009)] critique);(so called)``quantum-computing''(QC) = simple-arithmetic (sansdivision);algorithmiccomplexities:INtractibility/UNdecidabi lity/INefficiency/NONcomputability/HARDNESS(so MIScalled) ``noise''-induced-phase-transition(NIT)ACCELERATION:Cook-Levin theorem Reducibility = RG fixed-points; #-Randomness DEFINITION via WHAT? Query(VS. Goldreich[Not.AMS(2002)] How? mea culpa)= ONLY MBCS hot-plasma v #-clumping NON-random BEC; Modular-Arithmetic Congruences = Signal x Noise PRODUCTS = clock-model; NON-Shor[Physica A,341,586(04)]BEC logarithmic-law inversion factorization: Watkins #-theory U statistical- physics); P=/=NP C-S TRIVIAL Proof: Euclid!!! [(So Miscalled) computational-complexity J-O obviation(3 millennia AGO geometry: NO:CC,``CS'';``Feet of Clay!!!'']; Query WHAT?:Definition: (so MIScalled)``complexity''=UTTER-SIMPLICITY!! v COMPLICATEDNESS MEASURE(S).

Lessons from Jurassic Park: patients as complex adaptive systems.

PubMed

Katerndahl, David A

2009-08-01

With realization that non-linearity is generally the rule rather than the exception in nature, viewing patients and families as complex adaptive systems may lead to a better understanding of health and illness. Doctors who successfully practise the 'art' of medicine may recognize non-linear principles at work without having the jargon needed to label them. Complex adaptive systems are systems composed of multiple components that display complexity and adaptation to input. These systems consist of self-organized components, which display complex dynamics, ranging from simple periodicity to chaotic and random patterns showing trends over time. Understanding the non-linear dynamics of phenomena both internal and external to our patients can (1) improve our definition of 'health'; (2) improve our understanding of patients, disease and the systems in which they converge; (3) be applied to future monitoring systems; and (4) be used to possibly engineer change. Such a non-linear view of the world is quite congruent with the generalist perspective.

Modeling Stochastic Complexity in Complex Adaptive Systems: Non-Kolmogorov Probability and the Process Algebra Approach.

PubMed

Sulis, William H

2017-10-01

Walter Freeman III pioneered the application of nonlinear dynamical systems theories and methodologies in his work on mesoscopic brain dynamics.Sadly, mainstream psychology and psychiatry still cling to linear correlation based data analysis techniques, which threaten to subvert the process of experimentation and theory building. In order to progress, it is necessary to develop tools capable of managing the stochastic complexity of complex biopsychosocial systems, which includes multilevel feedback relationships, nonlinear interactions, chaotic dynamics and adaptability. In addition, however, these systems exhibit intrinsic randomness, non-Gaussian probability distributions, non-stationarity, contextuality, and non-Kolmogorov probabilities, as well as the absence of mean and/or variance and conditional probabilities. These properties and their implications for statistical analysis are discussed. An alternative approach, the Process Algebra approach, is described. It is a generative model, capable of generating non-Kolmogorov probabilities. It has proven useful in addressing fundamental problems in quantum mechanics and in the modeling of developing psychosocial systems.

Random Forest Application for NEXRAD Radar Data Quality Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keem, M.; Seo, B. C.; Krajewski, W. F.

2017-12-01

Identification and elimination of non-meteorological radar echoes (e.g., returns from ground, wind turbines, and biological targets) are the basic data quality control steps before radar data use in quantitative applications (e.g., precipitation estimation). Although WSR-88Ds' recent upgrade to dual-polarization has enhanced this quality control and echo classification, there are still challenges to detect some non-meteorological echoes that show precipitation-like characteristics (e.g., wind turbine or anomalous propagation clutter embedded in rain). With this in mind, a new quality control method using Random Forest is proposed in this study. This classification algorithm is known to produce reliable results with less uncertainty. The method introduces randomness into sampling and feature selections and integrates consequent multiple decision trees. The multidimensional structure of the trees can characterize the statistical interactions of involved multiple features in complex situations. The authors explore the performance of Random Forest method for NEXRAD radar data quality control. Training datasets are selected using several clear cases of precipitation and non-precipitation (but with some non-meteorological echoes). The model is structured using available candidate features (from the NEXRAD data) such as horizontal reflectivity, differential reflectivity, differential phase shift, copolar correlation coefficient, and their horizontal textures (e.g., local standard deviation). The influence of each feature on classification results are quantified by variable importance measures that are automatically estimated by the Random Forest algorithm. Therefore, the number and types of features in the final forest can be examined based on the classification accuracy. The authors demonstrate the capability of the proposed approach using several cases ranging from distinct to complex rain/no-rain events and compare the performance with the existing algorithms (e.g., MRMS). They also discuss operational feasibility based on the observed strength and weakness of the method.

A new complexity measure for time series analysis and classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagaraj, Nithin; Balasubramanian, Karthi; Dey, Sutirth

2013-07-01

Complexity measures are used in a number of applications including extraction of information from data such as ecological time series, detection of non-random structure in biomedical signals, testing of random number generators, language recognition and authorship attribution etc. Different complexity measures proposed in the literature like Shannon entropy, Relative entropy, Lempel-Ziv, Kolmogrov and Algorithmic complexity are mostly ineffective in analyzing short sequences that are further corrupted with noise. To address this problem, we propose a new complexity measure ETC and define it as the "Effort To Compress" the input sequence by a lossless compression algorithm. Here, we employ the lossless compression algorithm known as Non-Sequential Recursive Pair Substitution (NSRPS) and define ETC as the number of iterations needed for NSRPS to transform the input sequence to a constant sequence. We demonstrate the utility of ETC in two applications. ETC is shown to have better correlation with Lyapunov exponent than Shannon entropy even with relatively short and noisy time series. The measure also has a greater rate of success in automatic identification and classification of short noisy sequences, compared to entropy and a popular measure based on Lempel-Ziv compression (implemented by Gzip).

Stochastic dynamics of time correlation in complex systems with discrete time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yulmetyev, Renat; Hänggi, Peter; Gafarov, Fail

2000-11-01

In this paper we present the concept of description of random processes in complex systems with discrete time. It involves the description of kinetics of discrete processes by means of the chain of finite-difference non-Markov equations for time correlation functions (TCFs). We have introduced the dynamic (time dependent) information Shannon entropy Si(t) where i=0,1,2,3,..., as an information measure of stochastic dynamics of time correlation (i=0) and time memory (i=1,2,3,...). The set of functions Si(t) constitute the quantitative measure of time correlation disorder (i=0) and time memory disorder (i=1,2,3,...) in complex system. The theory developed started from the careful analysis of time correlation involving dynamics of vectors set of various chaotic states. We examine two stochastic processes involving the creation and annihilation of time correlation (or time memory) in details. We carry out the analysis of vectors' dynamics employing finite-difference equations for random variables and the evolution operator describing their natural motion. The existence of TCF results in the construction of the set of projection operators by the usage of scalar product operation. Harnessing the infinite set of orthogonal dynamic random variables on a basis of Gram-Shmidt orthogonalization procedure tends to creation of infinite chain of finite-difference non-Markov kinetic equations for discrete TCFs and memory functions (MFs). The solution of the equations above thereof brings to the recurrence relations between the TCF and MF of senior and junior orders. This offers new opportunities for detecting the frequency spectra of power of entropy function Si(t) for time correlation (i=0) and time memory (i=1,2,3,...). The results obtained offer considerable scope for attack on stochastic dynamics of discrete random processes in a complex systems. Application of this technique on the analysis of stochastic dynamics of RR intervals from human ECG's shows convincing evidence for a non-Markovian phenomemena associated with a peculiarities in short- and long-range scaling. This method may be of use in distinguishing healthy from pathologic data sets based in differences in these non-Markovian properties.

7 CFR 3560.658 - Borrower rejection of the incentive offer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If housing opportunities for minorities would be... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (b) If the borrower does not elect or agree to enter... or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If the Agency determines that prepayment will have...

27 CFR 25.173 - Brewer in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.173 Brewer in default. (a) When a remittance in payment of taxes on beer is not paid upon presentment of check or money order tendered, or when the brewer is otherwise in default in payment of tax under § 25.164, beer may not be removed for...

27 CFR 25.173 - Brewer in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.173 Brewer in default. (a) When a remittance in payment of taxes on beer is not paid upon presentment of check or money order tendered, or when the brewer is otherwise in default in payment of tax under § 25.164, beer may not be removed for...

27 CFR 25.173 - Brewer in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.173 Brewer in default. (a) When a remittance in payment of taxes on beer is not paid upon presentment of check or money order tendered, or when the brewer is otherwise in default in payment of tax under § 25.164, beer may not be removed for...

27 CFR 25.173 - Brewer in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.173 Brewer in default. (a) When a remittance in payment of taxes on beer is not paid upon presentment of check or money order tendered, or when the brewer is otherwise in default in payment of tax under § 25.164, beer may not be removed for...

7 CFR 4290.1500 - Restrictions on distributions to RBIC investors while RBIC has outstanding Leverage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Restrictions on distributions to RBIC investors while...) Distributions by Rbics with Outstanding Leverage § 4290.1500 Restrictions on distributions to RBIC investors..., whenever you make a distribution to your investors you must make, at the same time, a prepayment to or for...

7 CFR 3560.658 - Borrower rejection of the incentive offer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If housing opportunities for minorities would be... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (b) If the borrower does not elect or agree to enter... or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If the Agency determines that prepayment will have...

7 CFR 3560.658 - Borrower rejection of the incentive offer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If housing opportunities for minorities would be... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (b) If the borrower does not elect or agree to enter... or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If the Agency determines that prepayment will have...

7 CFR 3560.658 - Borrower rejection of the incentive offer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If housing opportunities for minorities would be... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (b) If the borrower does not elect or agree to enter... or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If the Agency determines that prepayment will have...

7 CFR 3560.658 - Borrower rejection of the incentive offer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If housing opportunities for minorities would be... organization or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (b) If the borrower does not elect or agree to enter... or public body in accordance with § 3560.659. (2) If the Agency determines that prepayment will have...

78 FR 62867 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board; Notice of Filing of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... sales by customers in a narrow set of instances, such as when an issuer has made a tender offer for the... municipal securities transaction, to disclose to its customer, at or prior to the time of trade, all... Prepay Principal (March 19, 1991), Notice Concerning Disclosure of Call Information to Customers of...

13 CFR 120.921 - Terms of Third Party loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Loan lender waives, as to the CDC/SBA financing, any provision in its deed of trust, or mortgage, or... Party Lender must give the CDC and SBA written notice of default within 30 days of the event of default... Third Party Lender's lien will be subordinate to the CDC/SBA lien regarding any prepayment penalties...

13 CFR 120.921 - Terms of Third Party loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Loan lender waives, as to the CDC/SBA financing, any provision in its deed of trust, or mortgage, or... Party Lender must give the CDC and SBA written notice of default within 30 days of the event of default... Third Party Lender's lien will be subordinate to the CDC/SBA lien regarding any prepayment penalties...

13 CFR 120.921 - Terms of Third Party loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Loan lender waives, as to the CDC/SBA financing, any provision in its deed of trust, or mortgage, or... Party Lender must give the CDC and SBA written notice of default within 30 days of the event of default... Third Party Lender's lien will be subordinate to the CDC/SBA lien regarding any prepayment penalties...

13 CFR 120.921 - Terms of Third Party loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Loan lender waives, as to the CDC/SBA financing, any provision in its deed of trust, or mortgage, or... Party Lender must give the CDC and SBA written notice of default within 30 days of the event of default... Third Party Lender's lien will be subordinate to the CDC/SBA lien regarding any prepayment penalties...

13 CFR 120.921 - Terms of Third Party loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Loan lender waives, as to the CDC/SBA financing, any provision in its deed of trust, or mortgage, or... Party Lender must give the CDC and SBA written notice of default within 30 days of the event of default... Third Party Lender's lien will be subordinate to the CDC/SBA lien regarding any prepayment penalties...

77 FR 27529 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Granting Accelerated Approval of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... Organizations; ICE Clear Credit LLC; Order Granting Accelerated Approval of Proposed Rule Change to Membership Qualifications May 4, 2012. I. Introduction On April 3, 2012, ICE Clear Credit LLC (``ICC'') filed with the... limitations provided for in ICC Rule 203(b)) require such Clearing Participant to prepay and maintain with ICE...

76 FR 586 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-05

... incurred and will incur in the future at the Cam-Or Site. The proposed Decree requires the Settling Work... Limited, Ingersoll-Rand Company, Northern Indiana Public Service Company, Rockwell Automation, Tennessee... the Site. Additionally, under the Consent Decree the Settling Work Parties have agreed to pre-pay $2.2...

27 CFR 25.173 - Brewer in default.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Prepayment of Tax § 25.173 Brewer in default. (a) When a remittance in payment of taxes on beer is not paid upon presentment of check or money order tendered, or when the brewer is otherwise in default in payment of tax under § 25.164, beer may not be removed for...

76 FR 74067 - Medicare Program; Announcement of a New Application Deadline for the Advance Payment Model

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-30

.... One potential mechanism for achieving this goal is for CMS to partner with groups of health care... will test whether and how pre-paying a portion of future shared savings could increase participation in... Accountable Care Organization (ACO) through which they work together to coordinate care for a specified group...

Individual complex Dirac eigenvalue distributions from random matrix theory and comparison to quenched lattice QCD with a quark chemical potential.

PubMed

Akemann, G; Bloch, J; Shifrin, L; Wettig, T

2008-01-25

We analyze how individual eigenvalues of the QCD Dirac operator at nonzero quark chemical potential are distributed in the complex plane. Exact and approximate analytical results for both quenched and unquenched distributions are derived from non-Hermitian random matrix theory. When comparing these to quenched lattice QCD spectra close to the origin, excellent agreement is found for zero and nonzero topology at several values of the quark chemical potential. Our analytical results are also applicable to other physical systems in the same symmetry class.

Effects of Mediterranean diet supplemented with silybin-vitamin E-phospholipid complex in overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

PubMed

Abenavoli, Ludovico; Greco, Marta; Nazionale, Immacolata; Peta, Valentina; Milic, Natasa; Accattato, Francesca; Foti, Daniela; Gulletta, Elio; Luzza, Francesco

2015-04-01

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is the most common liver disease worldwide. The aim of this study is to compare the metabolic effects of the Mediterranean diet versus the diet associated with silybin, phosphatidylcholine and vitamin E complex in overweight patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Thirty Caucasian overweight patients were randomized into three groups of 10 (Groups A, B and C). A personalized Mediterranean diet was started in Group A and B patients. In association with the diet, Group B patients were given Realsil complex, daily, for 6 months. Group C patients refused any treatment. We showed that the Mediterranean diet alone, or in association with the Realsil complex, led to the significant variation in BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol and triglycerides. We also observed a statistically significant decrease in homeostasis model assessment technique in Group B patients.

Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement.

PubMed

Guérin, T; Levernier, N; Bénichou, O; Voituriez, R

2016-06-16

The first-passage time, defined as the time a random walker takes to reach a target point in a confining domain, is a key quantity in the theory of stochastic processes. Its importance comes from its crucial role in quantifying the efficiency of processes as varied as diffusion-limited reactions, target search processes or the spread of diseases. Most methods of determining the properties of first-passage time in confined domains have been limited to Markovian (memoryless) processes. However, as soon as the random walker interacts with its environment, memory effects cannot be neglected: that is, the future motion of the random walker does not depend only on its current position, but also on its past trajectory. Examples of non-Markovian dynamics include single-file diffusion in narrow channels, or the motion of a tracer particle either attached to a polymeric chain or diffusing in simple or complex fluids such as nematics, dense soft colloids or viscoelastic solutions. Here we introduce an analytical approach to calculate, in the limit of a large confining volume, the mean first-passage time of a Gaussian non-Markovian random walker to a target. The non-Markovian features of the dynamics are encompassed by determining the statistical properties of the fictitious trajectory that the random walker would follow after the first-passage event takes place, which are shown to govern the first-passage time kinetics. This analysis is applicable to a broad range of stochastic processes, which may be correlated at long times. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations for several examples of non-Markovian processes, including the case of fractional Brownian motion in one and higher dimensions. These results reveal, on the basis of Gaussian processes, the importance of memory effects in first-passage statistics of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement.

Mean first-passage times of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guérin, T.; Levernier, N.; Bénichou, O.; Voituriez, R.

2016-06-01

The first-passage time, defined as the time a random walker takes to reach a target point in a confining domain, is a key quantity in the theory of stochastic processes. Its importance comes from its crucial role in quantifying the efficiency of processes as varied as diffusion-limited reactions, target search processes or the spread of diseases. Most methods of determining the properties of first-passage time in confined domains have been limited to Markovian (memoryless) processes. However, as soon as the random walker interacts with its environment, memory effects cannot be neglected: that is, the future motion of the random walker does not depend only on its current position, but also on its past trajectory. Examples of non-Markovian dynamics include single-file diffusion in narrow channels, or the motion of a tracer particle either attached to a polymeric chain or diffusing in simple or complex fluids such as nematics, dense soft colloids or viscoelastic solutions. Here we introduce an analytical approach to calculate, in the limit of a large confining volume, the mean first-passage time of a Gaussian non-Markovian random walker to a target. The non-Markovian features of the dynamics are encompassed by determining the statistical properties of the fictitious trajectory that the random walker would follow after the first-passage event takes place, which are shown to govern the first-passage time kinetics. This analysis is applicable to a broad range of stochastic processes, which may be correlated at long times. Our theoretical predictions are confirmed by numerical simulations for several examples of non-Markovian processes, including the case of fractional Brownian motion in one and higher dimensions. These results reveal, on the basis of Gaussian processes, the importance of memory effects in first-passage statistics of non-Markovian random walkers in confinement.

Stationary and non-stationary occurrences of miniature end plate potentials are well described as stationary and non-stationary Poisson processes in the mollusc Navanax inermis.

PubMed

Cappell, M S; Spray, D C; Bennett, M V

1988-06-28

Protractor muscles in the gastropod mollusc Navanax inermis exhibit typical spontaneous miniature end plate potentials with mean amplitude 1.71 +/- 1.19 (standard deviation) mV. The evoked end plate potential is quantized, with a quantum equal to the miniature end plate potential amplitude. When their rate is stationary, occurrence of miniature end plate potentials is a random, Poisson process. When non-stationary, spontaneous miniature end plate potential occurrence is a non-stationary Poisson process, a Poisson process with the mean frequency changing with time. This extends the random Poisson model for miniature end plate potentials to the frequently observed non-stationary occurrence. Reported deviations from a Poisson process can sometimes be accounted for by the non-stationary Poisson process and more complex models, such as clustered release, are not always needed.

39 CFR 3060. 30 - Statement of allocated assets and liabilities for competitive products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... on basis of: Total net assets Cash and Cash Equivalents $x,xxx $x,xxx $x,xxx Net Accounts Receivable x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Supplies, Advances and Prepayments x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Appropriations Receivable—Revenue Forgone x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Total Current Assets x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Property and Equipment: Buildings...

39 CFR 3060. 30 - Statement of allocated assets and liabilities for competitive products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... on basis of: Total net assets Cash and Cash Equivalents $x,xxx $x,xxx $x,xxx Net Accounts Receivable x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Supplies, Advances and Prepayments x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Appropriations Receivable—Revenue Forgone x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Total Current Assets x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Property and Equipment: Buildings...

39 CFR 3060. 30 - Statement of allocated assets and liabilities for competitive products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... on basis of: Total net assets Cash and Cash Equivalents $x,xxx $x,xxx $x,xxx Net Accounts Receivable x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Supplies, Advances and Prepayments x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Appropriations Receivable—Revenue Forgone x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Total Current Assets x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Property and Equipment: Buildings...

39 CFR 3060. 30 - Statement of allocated assets and liabilities for competitive products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... on basis of: Total net assets Cash and Cash Equivalents $x,xxx $x,xxx $x,xxx Net Accounts Receivable x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Supplies, Advances and Prepayments x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Appropriations Receivable—Revenue Forgone x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Total Current Assets x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Property and Equipment: Buildings...

27 CFR 25.167 - Notice of brewer to pay reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of.... Every brewer who desires to pay the reduced rate of tax on beer authorized by 26 U.S.C. 5051(a)(2) by... return period (or prepayment return) during which the brewer pays tax on beer at the reduced rate. The...

27 CFR 25.166 - Payment of reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of Tax Returns... the reduced rate of tax on beer may, upon filing the notice required by § 25.167, pay the reduced rate of tax on beer by return for deferred payment of tax as provided in § 25.164 or by prepayment return...

27 CFR 25.166 - Payment of reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of Tax Returns... the reduced rate of tax on beer may, upon filing the notice required by § 25.167, pay the reduced rate of tax on beer by return for deferred payment of tax as provided in § 25.164 or by prepayment return...

27 CFR 25.167 - Notice of brewer to pay reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of.... Every brewer who desires to pay the reduced rate of tax on beer authorized by 26 U.S.C. 5051(a)(2) by... return period (or prepayment return) during which the brewer pays tax on beer at the reduced rate. The...

27 CFR 25.166 - Payment of reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of Tax Returns... the reduced rate of tax on beer may, upon filing the notice required by § 25.167, pay the reduced rate of tax on beer by return for deferred payment of tax as provided in § 25.164 or by prepayment return...

27 CFR 25.167 - Notice of brewer to pay reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of.... Every brewer who desires to pay the reduced rate of tax on beer authorized by 26 U.S.C. 5051(a)(2) by... return period (or prepayment return) during which the brewer pays tax on beer at the reduced rate. The...

27 CFR 25.166 - Payment of reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of Tax Returns... the reduced rate of tax on beer may, upon filing the notice required by § 25.167, pay the reduced rate of tax on beer by return for deferred payment of tax as provided in § 25.164 or by prepayment return...

27 CFR 25.167 - Notice of brewer to pay reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ALCOHOL BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of.... Every brewer who desires to pay the reduced rate of tax on beer authorized by 26 U.S.C. 5051(a)(2) by... return period (or prepayment return) during which the brewer pays tax on beer at the reduced rate. The...

39 CFR 3060. 30 - Statement of allocated assets and liabilities for competitive products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on basis of: Total net assets Cash and Cash Equivalents $x,xxx $x,xxx $x,xxx Net Accounts Receivable x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Supplies, Advances and Prepayments x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Appropriations Receivable—Revenue Forgone x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Total Current Assets x,xxx x,xxx x,xxx Property and Equipment: Buildings...

A bill to direct the Secretary of the Interior to allow for prepayment of repayment contracts between the United States and the Uintah Water Conservancy District.

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Hatch, Orrin G. [R-UT

2011-04-13

House - 11/03/2011 Held at the desk. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.818, which became Public Law 112-52 on 11/9/2011. Tracker: This bill has the status Passed SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

7 CFR 4290.1610 - Effect of prepayment or early redemption of Leverage on a Trust Certificate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... guarantee of timely payment of principal and interest on a TC in proportion to the amount of principal that such prepaid Debenture represents in the Trust or Pool backing such TC. (d) The Secretary shall be discharged from his or her guarantee obligation to the holder or holders of any TC, or any successor or...

27 CFR 25.167 - Notice of brewer to pay reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of.... Every brewer who desires to pay the reduced rate of tax on beer authorized by 26 U.S.C. 5051(a)(2) by... return period (or prepayment return) during which the brewer pays tax on beer at the reduced rate. The...

27 CFR 25.166 - Payment of reduced rate of tax.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS BEER Tax on Beer Preparation and Remittance of Tax Returns... the reduced rate of tax on beer may, upon filing the notice required by § 25.167, pay the reduced rate of tax on beer by return for deferred payment of tax as provided in § 25.164 or by prepayment return...

Hospitals, finance, and health system reform in Britain and the United States, c. 1910-1950: historical revisionism and cross-national comparison.

PubMed

Gorsky, Martin

2012-06-01

Comparative histories of health system development have been variously influenced by the theoretical approaches of historical institutionalism, political pluralism, and labor mobilization. Britain and the United States have figured significantly in this literature because of their very different trajectories. This article explores the implications of recent research on hospital history in the two countries for existing historiographies, particularly the coming of the National Health Service in Britain. It argues that the two hospital systems initially developed in broadly similar ways, despite the very different outcomes in the 1940s. Thus, applying the conceptual tools used to explain the U.S. trajectory can deepen appreciation of events in Britain. Attention focuses particularly on working-class hospital contributory schemes and their implications for finance, governance, and participation; these are then compared with Blue Cross and U.S. hospital prepayment. While acknowledging the importance of path dependence in shaping attitudes of British bureaucrats toward these schemes, analysis emphasizes their failure in pressure group politics, in contrast to the United States. In both countries labor was also crucial, in the United States sustaining employment-based prepayment and in Britain broadly supporting system reform.

No evidence for MHC class II-based non-random mating at the gametic haplotype in Atlantic salmon.

PubMed

Promerová, M; Alavioon, G; Tusso, S; Burri, R; Immler, S

2017-06-01

Genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are a likely target of mate choice because of their role in inbreeding avoidance and potential benefits for offspring immunocompetence. Evidence for female choice for complementary MHC alleles among competing males exists both for the pre- and the postmating stages. However, it remains unclear whether the latter may involve non-random fusion of gametes depending on gametic haplotypes resulting in transmission ratio distortion or non-random sequence divergence among fused gametes. We tested whether non-random gametic fusion of MHC-II haplotypes occurs in Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. We performed in vitro fertilizations that excluded interindividual sperm competition using a split family design with large clutch sample sizes to test for a possible role of the gametic haplotype in mate choice. We sequenced two MHC-II loci in 50 embryos per clutch to assess allelic frequencies and sequence divergence. We found no evidence for transmission ratio distortion at two linked MHC-II loci, nor for non-random gamete fusion with respect to MHC-II alleles. Our findings suggest that the gametic MHC-II haplotypes play no role in gamete association in Atlantic salmon and that earlier findings of MHC-based mate choice most likely reflect choice among diploid genotypes. We discuss possible explanations for these findings and how they differ from findings in mammals.

Complexity and health professions education: a basic glossary.

PubMed

Mennin, Stewart

2010-08-01

The study of health professions education in the context of complexity science and complex adaptive systems involves different concepts and terminology that are likely to be unfamiliar to many health professions educators. A list of selected key terms and definitions from the literature of complexity science is provided to assist readers to navigate familiar territory from a different perspective. include agent, attractor, bifurcation, chaos, co-evolution, collective variable, complex adaptive systems, complexity science, deterministic systems, dynamical system, edge of chaos, emergence, equilibrium, far from equilibrium, fuzzy boundaries, linear system, non-linear system, random, self-organization and self-similarity.

Feasibility study in the application of optical signal analysis to non-destructive testing of complex structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, B.; Brown, H.

1974-01-01

Advantages of the large time bandwidth product of optical processing are presented. Experiments were performed to study the feasibility of the use of optical spectral analysis for detection of flaws in structural elements excited by random noise. Photographic and electronic methods of comparison of complex spectra were developed. Limitations were explored, and suggestions for further work are offered.

Lending sociodynamics and economic instability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, Raymond J.

2011-11-01

We show how the dynamics of economic instability and financial crises articulated by Keynes in the General Theory and developed by Minsky as the Financial Instability Hypothesis can be formalized using Weidlich’s sociodynamics of opinion formation. The model addresses both the lending sentiment of a lender in isolation as well as the impact on that lending sentiment of the behavior of other lenders. The risk associated with lending is incorporated through a stochastic treatment of loan dynamics that treats prepayment and default as competing risks. With this model we are able to generate endogenously the rapid changes in lending opinion that attend slow changes in lending profitability and find these dynamics to be consistent with the rise and collapse of the non-Agency mortgage-backed securities market in 2007/2008. As the parameters of this model correspond to well-known phenomena in cognitive and social psychology, we can both explain why economic instability has proved robust to advances in risk measurement and suggest how policy for reducing economic instability might be formulated in an experimentally sound manner.

Control and instanton trajectories for random transitions in turbulent flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouchet, Freddy; Laurie, Jason; Zaboronski, Oleg

2011-12-01

Many turbulent systems exhibit random switches between qualitatively different attractors. The transition between these bistable states is often an extremely rare event, that can not be computed through DNS, due to complexity limitations. We present results for the calculation of instanton trajectories (a control problem) between non-equilibrium stationary states (attractors) in the 2D stochastic Navier-Stokes equations. By representing the transition probability between two states using a path integral formulation, we can compute the most probable trajectory (instanton) joining two non-equilibrium stationary states. Technically, this is equivalent to the minimization of an action, which can be related to a fluid mechanics control problem.

A probabilistic framework for identifying biosignatures using Pathway Complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, Stuart M.; Murray, Alastair R. G.; Cronin, Leroy

2017-11-01

One thing that discriminates living things from inanimate matter is their ability to generate similarly complex or non-random structures in a large abundance. From DNA sequences to folded protein structures, living cells, microbial communities and multicellular structures, the material configurations in biology can easily be distinguished from non-living material assemblies. Many complex artefacts, from ordinary bioproducts to human tools, though they are not living things, are ultimately produced by biological processes-whether those processes occur at the scale of cells or societies, they are the consequences of living systems. While these objects are not living, they cannot randomly form, as they are the product of a biological organism and hence are either technological or cultural biosignatures. A generalized approach that aims to evaluate complex objects as possible biosignatures could be useful to explore the cosmos for new life forms. However, it is not obvious how it might be possible to create such a self-contained approach. This would require us to prove rigorously that a given artefact is too complex to have formed by chance. In this paper, we present a new type of complexity measure, which we call `Pathway Complexity', that allows us not only to threshold the abiotic-biotic divide, but also to demonstrate a probabilistic approach based on object abundance and complexity which can be used to unambiguously assign complex objects as biosignatures. We hope that this approach will not only open up the search for biosignatures beyond the Earth, but also allow us to explore the Earth for new types of biology, and to determine when a complex chemical system discovered in the laboratory could be considered alive. This article is part of the themed issue 'Reconceptualizing the origins of life'.

Markov and non-Markov processes in complex systems by the dynamical information entropy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yulmetyev, R. M.; Gafarov, F. M.

1999-12-01

We consider the Markov and non-Markov processes in complex systems by the dynamical information Shannon entropy (DISE) method. The influence and important role of the two mutually dependent channels of entropy alternation (creation or generation of correlation) and anti-correlation (destroying or annihilation of correlation) have been discussed. The developed method has been used for the analysis of the complex systems of various natures: slow neutron scattering in liquid cesium, psychology (short-time numeral and pattern human memory and effect of stress on the dynamical taping-test), random dynamics of RR-intervals in human ECG (problem of diagnosis of various disease of the human cardio-vascular systems), chaotic dynamics of the parameters of financial markets and ecological systems.

Large deviations and mixing for dissipative PDEs with unbounded random kicks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakšić, V.; Nersesyan, V.; Pillet, C.-A.; Shirikyan, A.

2018-02-01

We study the problem of exponential mixing and large deviations for discrete-time Markov processes associated with a class of random dynamical systems. Under some dissipativity and regularisation hypotheses for the underlying deterministic dynamics and a non-degeneracy condition for the driving random force, we discuss the existence and uniqueness of a stationary measure and its exponential stability in the Kantorovich-Wasserstein metric. We next turn to the large deviations principle (LDP) and establish its validity for the occupation measures of the Markov processes in question. The proof is based on Kifer’s criterion for non-compact spaces, a result on large-time asymptotics for generalised Markov semigroup, and a coupling argument. These tools combined together constitute a new approach to LDP for infinite-dimensional processes without strong Feller property in a non-compact space. The results obtained can be applied to the two-dimensional Navier-Stokes system in a bounded domain and to the complex Ginzburg-Landau equation.

[Study of public and private hospital care on a population basis, 1986-1996].

PubMed

Rocha, J S; Simões, B J

1999-02-01

The last decade saw the creation and implementation of the Brazilian National Health System (NHS)--public, universal and equalitarian--with the objective of offering wide coverage to meet the population's health needs. The objective of the study was the assessment of the evolution of public and private hospital care on a populational basis during the period of the implementation of the NHS. The 984,142 inpatients of the general hospitals of Ribeirão Preto, Brazil, during the period 1986 to 1996 were studied and those of them living in their own municipal district were selected. The inpatients are classified according to the financing system as private, pre-payment and NHS; the social situation of the patients and the profile of hospital morbidity are analysed. In the period studied a continuous growth in the number of hospitalizations is observed, both in absolute numbers and in coefficient per thousand inhabitants, increasing from 43,773 to 55,844 inpatients per year. Though when the categories of the hospitalizations are studied, it is seen that private inpatients present a reduction both in absolute numbers and as a coefficient from 3,181 (7.3%) to 2,215 (3.9%); the NHS inpatients decrease in absolute numbers and in a percentage by a third at the end of the period--falling from 33,254 (76.0%) to 29,373 (51.7%). On the other hand the pre-payment inpatient system triplicates in absolute numbers and duplicates by rate for inhabitant--from 7,338 (16.8%) to 25,256 (44.4%). The NHS hospital care attends mainly unskilled and semi-skilled manual workers; the professionals, technicians, non manual and skilled manual workers being assisted by the private services. The hospital morbidity of NHS inpatients is different from that of the private inpatient systems. The health policy in that period, limiting NHS financing, repressing demand and discouraging the private providers to work with NHS inpatients led to negative selectivity. The result was an increase in difference between standards of care as between the public and private services.

Discrete-time systems with random switches: From systems stability to networks synchronization.

PubMed

Guo, Yao; Lin, Wei; Ho, Daniel W C

2016-03-01

In this article, we develop some approaches, which enable us to more accurately and analytically identify the essential patterns that guarantee the almost sure stability of discrete-time systems with random switches. We allow for the case that the elements in the switching connection matrix even obey some unbounded and continuous-valued distributions. In addition to the almost sure stability, we further investigate the almost sure synchronization in complex dynamical networks consisting of randomly connected nodes. Numerical examples illustrate that a chaotic dynamics in the synchronization manifold is preserved when statistical parameters enter some almost sure synchronization region established by the developed approach. Moreover, some delicate configurations are considered on probability space for ensuring synchronization in networks whose nodes are described by nonlinear maps. Both theoretical and numerical results on synchronization are presented by setting only a few random connections in each switch duration. More interestingly, we analytically find it possible to achieve almost sure synchronization in the randomly switching complex networks even with very large population sizes, which cannot be easily realized in non-switching but deterministically connected networks.

Discrete-time systems with random switches: From systems stability to networks synchronization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Guo, Yao; Lin, Wei, E-mail: wlin@fudan.edu.cn; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Contemporary Applied Mathematics, LMNS, and Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Shanghai 200433

2016-03-15

In this article, we develop some approaches, which enable us to more accurately and analytically identify the essential patterns that guarantee the almost sure stability of discrete-time systems with random switches. We allow for the case that the elements in the switching connection matrix even obey some unbounded and continuous-valued distributions. In addition to the almost sure stability, we further investigate the almost sure synchronization in complex dynamical networks consisting of randomly connected nodes. Numerical examples illustrate that a chaotic dynamics in the synchronization manifold is preserved when statistical parameters enter some almost sure synchronization region established by the developedmore » approach. Moreover, some delicate configurations are considered on probability space for ensuring synchronization in networks whose nodes are described by nonlinear maps. Both theoretical and numerical results on synchronization are presented by setting only a few random connections in each switch duration. More interestingly, we analytically find it possible to achieve almost sure synchronization in the randomly switching complex networks even with very large population sizes, which cannot be easily realized in non-switching but deterministically connected networks.« less

Common state mechanisms regulating tribal tobacco taxation and sales, the USA, 2015

PubMed Central

DeLong, Hillary; Chriqui, Jamie; Leider, Julien; Chaloupka, Frank J

2016-01-01

Background Native American tribes, as sovereign nations, are exempt from state tobacco excise taxation, and self-govern on-reservation activity in the USA. Under Federal law, state excise taxes are owed by non-members purchasing tobacco on tribal land, but states are limited in how they enforce or collect these taxes. This study highlights the various policy approaches that states have taken to regulate tobacco sales on tribal lands given jurisdictional challenges. Methods State laws (statutes, regulations and case law), Attorney General opinions, and revenue notices and rulings effective as of 1 January 2015 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia were compiled using Boolean searches in Lexis-Nexis and Westlaw. Laws were limited to those addressing taxation compacts or tobacco sales involving tribal entities. Master Settlement Agreement laws and non-codified tribal codes/compacts were excluded. Results Twenty of the 34 states with tribal lands address tribal tobacco sales. Fourteen states address intergovernmental compacts: 11 are tobacco specific, and suggest or require specific provisions. Fifteen states address tribal tax stamps: 2 explicitly prohibit stamping tribally sold products, 9 stamp all products, and 4 stamp some. Prepayment of excise tax is required in 12 states: 6 on all products, 4 on products in excess of quota, and 2 on products sold by non-tribal retailers. 6 states use quotas to limit tax-free tobacco available to tribes. Conclusions Many states with a tribal presence have no formal strategies for non-members purchasing tobacco on tribal lands. Formalising policies and harmonising tax rates may assist states in collecting tax revenue from non-tribal consumers. PMID:27354677

A stochastic-geometric model of soil variation in Pleistocene patterned ground

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lark, Murray; Meerschman, Eef; Van Meirvenne, Marc

2013-04-01

In this paper we examine the spatial variability of soil in parent material with complex spatial structure which arises from complex non-linear geomorphic processes. We show that this variability can be better-modelled by a stochastic-geometric model than by a standard Gaussian random field. The benefits of the new model are seen in the reproduction of features of the target variable which influence processes like water movement and pollutant dispersal. Complex non-linear processes in the soil give rise to properties with non-Gaussian distributions. Even under a transformation to approximate marginal normality, such variables may have a more complex spatial structure than the Gaussian random field model of geostatistics can accommodate. In particular the extent to which extreme values of the variable are connected in spatially coherent regions may be misrepresented. As a result, for example, geostatistical simulation generally fails to reproduce the pathways for preferential flow in an environment where coarse infill of former fluvial channels or coarse alluvium of braided streams creates pathways for rapid movement of water. Multiple point geostatistics has been developed to deal with this problem. Multiple point methods proceed by sampling from a set of training images which can be assumed to reproduce the non-Gaussian behaviour of the target variable. The challenge is to identify appropriate sources of such images. In this paper we consider a mode of soil variation in which the soil varies continuously, exhibiting short-range lateral trends induced by local effects of the factors of soil formation which vary across the region of interest in an unpredictable way. The trends in soil variation are therefore only apparent locally, and the soil variation at regional scale appears random. We propose a stochastic-geometric model for this mode of soil variation called the Continuous Local Trend (CLT) model. We consider a case study of soil formed in relict patterned ground with pronounced lateral textural variations arising from the presence of infilled ice-wedges of Pleistocene origin. We show how knowledge of the pedogenetic processes in this environment, along with some simple descriptive statistics, can be used to select and fit a CLT model for the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) of the soil. We use the model to simulate realizations of the CLT process, and compare these with realizations of a fitted Gaussian random field. We show how statistics that summarize the spatial coherence of regions with small values of ECa, which are expected to have coarse texture and so larger saturated hydraulic conductivity, are better reproduced by the CLT model than by the Gaussian random field. This suggests that the CLT model could be used to generate an unlimited supply of training images to allow multiple point geostatistical simulation or prediction of this or similar variables.

Network-Physics(NP) Bec DIGITAL(#)-VULNERABILITY Versus Fault-Tolerant Analog

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexander, G. K.; Hathaway, M.; Schmidt, H. E.; Siegel, E.

2011-03-01

Siegel[AMS Joint Mtg.(2002)-Abs.973-60-124] digits logarithmic-(Newcomb(1881)-Weyl(1914; 1916)-Benford(1938)-"NeWBe"/"OLDbe")-law algebraic-inversion to ONLY BEQS BEC:Quanta/Bosons= digits: Synthesis reveals EMP-like SEVERE VULNERABILITY of ONLY DIGITAL-networks(VS. FAULT-TOLERANT ANALOG INvulnerability) via Barabasi "Network-Physics" relative-``statics''(VS.dynamics-[Willinger-Alderson-Doyle(Not.AMS(5/09)]-]critique); (so called)"Quantum-computing is simple-arithmetic(sans division/ factorization); algorithmic-complexities: INtractibility/ UNdecidability/ INefficiency/NONcomputability / HARDNESS(so MIScalled) "noise"-induced-phase-transitions(NITS) ACCELERATION: Cook-Levin theorem Reducibility is Renormalization-(Semi)-Group fixed-points; number-Randomness DEFINITION via WHAT? Query(VS. Goldreich[Not.AMS(02)] How? mea culpa)can ONLY be MBCS "hot-plasma" versus digit-clumping NON-random BEC; Modular-arithmetic Congruences= Signal X Noise PRODUCTS = clock-model; NON-Shor[Physica A,341,586(04)] BEC logarithmic-law inversion factorization:Watkins number-thy. U stat.-phys.); P=/=NP TRIVIAL Proof: Euclid!!! [(So Miscalled) computational-complexity J-O obviation via geometry.

Higher-order genome organization in platypus and chicken sperm and repositioning of sex chromosomes during mammalian evolution.

PubMed

Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal; Dodge, Natasha; Mohr, Julia; Casey, Aaron; Himmelbauer, Heinz; Kremitzki, Colin L; Schatzkamer, Kyriena; Graves, Tina; Warren, Wesley C; Grützner, Frank

2009-02-01

In mammals, chromosomes occupy defined positions in sperm, whereas previous work in chicken showed random chromosome distribution. Monotremes (platypus and echidnas) are the most basal group of living mammals. They have elongated sperm like chicken and a complex sex chromosome system with homology to chicken sex chromosomes. We used platypus and chicken genomic clones to investigate genome organization in sperm. In chicken sperm, about half of the chromosomes investigated are organized non-randomly, whereas in platypus chromosome organization in sperm is almost entirely non-random. The use of genomic clones allowed us to determine chromosome orientation and chromatin compaction in sperm. We found that in both species chromosomes maintain orientation of chromosomes in sperm independent of random or non-random positioning along the sperm nucleus. The distance of loci correlated with the total length of sperm nuclei, suggesting that chromatin extension depends on sperm elongation. In platypus, most sex chromosomes cluster in the posterior region of the sperm nucleus, presumably the result of postmeiotic association of sex chromosomes. Chicken and platypus autosomes sharing homology with the human X chromosome located centrally in both species suggesting that this is the ancestral position. This suggests that in some therian mammals a more anterior position of the X chromosome has evolved independently.

Higher-order genome organization in platypus and chicken sperm and repositioning of sex chromosomes during mammalian evolution

PubMed Central

Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal; Dodge, Natasha; Mohr, Julia; Casey, Aaron; Himmelbauer, Heinz; Kremitzki, Colin L.; Schatzkamer, Kyriena; Graves, Tina; Warren, Wesley C.

2013-01-01

In mammals, chromosomes occupy defined positions in sperm, whereas previous work in chicken showed random chromosome distribution. Monotremes (platypus and echidnas) are the most basal group of living mammals. They have elongated sperm like chicken and a complex sex chromosome system with homology to chicken sex chromosomes. We used platypus and chicken genomic clones to investigate genome organization in sperm. In chicken sperm, about half of the chromosomes investigated are organized non-randomly, whereas in platypus chromosome organization in sperm is almost entirely non-random. The use of genomic clones allowed us to determine chromosome orientation and chromatin compaction in sperm. We found that in both species chromosomes maintain orientation of chromosomes in sperm independent of random or non-random positioning along the sperm nucleus. The distance of loci correlated with the total length of sperm nuclei, suggesting that chromatin extension depends on sperm elongation. In platypus, most sex chromosomes cluster in the posterior region of the sperm nucleus, presumably the result of postmeiotic association of sex chromosomes. Chicken and platypus autosomes sharing homology with the human X chromosome located centrally in both species suggesting that this is the ancestral position. This suggests that in some therian mammals a more anterior position of the X chromosome has evolved independently. PMID:18726609

The medical care programs of the Farm Security Administration, 1932 through 1947: a rehearsal for national health insurance?

PubMed Central

Grey, M R

1994-01-01

At a time of renewed interest in universal health insurance, an examination of earlier periods when society grappled with the link between socioeconomic status and health is fruitful. Between 1935 and 1947, the federal government sponsored a comprehensive medical care program for low-income farmers, sharecroppers, and migrant workers under the auspices of the Farm Security Administration (FSA). Despite the strong opposition of the American Medical Association, humanitarian and economic concerns at the local level often promoted physicians' participation in the program's group prepayment plans. Many FSA leaders clearly saw the program as a model upon which national health insurance might advance. However, in the wake of World War II, the FSA program declined as physicians' income improved, the rural population declined, and traditional ideological objections to federal intervention in medical care resurfaced. The FSA experience illuminates the complex ideological, economic, and humanitarian motivations of American physicians in the face of health care reform. Images p1680-a p1682-a p1684-a PMID:7943497

Non-equilibrium Green's functions method: Non-trivial and disordered leads

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

He, Yu, E-mail: heyuyhe@gmail.com; Wang, Yu; Klimeck, Gerhard

2014-11-24

The non-equilibrium Green's function algorithm requires contact self-energies to model charge injection and extraction. All existing approaches assume infinitely periodic leads attached to a possibly quite complex device. This contradicts today's realistic devices in which contacts are spatially inhomogeneous, chemically disordered, and impacting the overall device characteristics. This work extends the complex absorbing potentials method for arbitrary, ideal, or non-ideal leads in atomistic tight binding representation. The algorithm is demonstrated on a Si nanowire with periodic leads, a graphene nanoribbon with trumpet shape leads, and devices with leads of randomly alloyed Si{sub 0.5}Ge{sub 0.5}. It is found that alloy randomnessmore » in the leads can reduce the predicted ON-state current of Si{sub 0.5}Ge{sub 0.5} transistors by 45% compared to conventional lead methods.« less

No complexity–stability relationship in empirical ecosystems

PubMed Central

Jacquet, Claire; Moritz, Charlotte; Morissette, Lyne; Legagneux, Pierre; Massol, François; Archambault, Philippe; Gravel, Dominique

2016-01-01

Understanding the mechanisms responsible for stability and persistence of ecosystems is one of the greatest challenges in ecology. Robert May showed that, contrary to intuition, complex randomly built ecosystems are less likely to be stable than simpler ones. Few attempts have been tried to test May's prediction empirically, and we still ignore what is the actual complexity–stability relationship in natural ecosystems. Here we perform a stability analysis of 116 quantitative food webs sampled worldwide. We find that classic descriptors of complexity (species richness, connectance and interaction strength) are not associated with stability in empirical food webs. Further analysis reveals that a correlation between the effects of predators on prey and those of prey on predators, combined with a high frequency of weak interactions, stabilize food web dynamics relative to the random expectation. We conclude that empirical food webs have several non-random properties contributing to the absence of a complexity–stability relationship. PMID:27553393

Random walks with long-range steps generated by functions of Laplacian matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Riascos, A. P.; Michelitsch, T. M.; Collet, B. A.; Nowakowski, A. F.; Nicolleau, F. C. G. A.

2018-04-01

In this paper, we explore different Markovian random walk strategies on networks with transition probabilities between nodes defined in terms of functions of the Laplacian matrix. We generalize random walk strategies with local information in the Laplacian matrix, that describes the connections of a network, to a dynamic determined by functions of this matrix. The resulting processes are non-local allowing transitions of the random walker from one node to nodes beyond its nearest neighbors. We find that only two types of Laplacian functions are admissible with distinct behaviors for long-range steps in the infinite network limit: type (i) functions generate Brownian motions, type (ii) functions Lévy flights. For this asymptotic long-range step behavior only the lowest non-vanishing order of the Laplacian function is relevant, namely first order for type (i), and fractional order for type (ii) functions. In the first part, we discuss spectral properties of the Laplacian matrix and a series of relations that are maintained by a particular type of functions that allow to define random walks on any type of undirected connected networks. Once described general properties, we explore characteristics of random walk strategies that emerge from particular cases with functions defined in terms of exponentials, logarithms and powers of the Laplacian as well as relations of these dynamics with non-local strategies like Lévy flights and fractional transport. Finally, we analyze the global capacity of these random walk strategies to explore networks like lattices and trees and different types of random and complex networks.

Statistical mechanics of complex economies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bardoscia, Marco; Livan, Giacomo; Marsili, Matteo

2017-04-01

In the pursuit of ever increasing efficiency and growth, our economies have evolved to remarkable degrees of complexity, with nested production processes feeding each other in order to create products of greater sophistication from less sophisticated ones, down to raw materials. The engine of such an expansion have been competitive markets that, according to general equilibrium theory (GET), achieve efficient allocations under specific conditions. We study large random economies within the GET framework, as templates of complex economies, and we find that a non-trivial phase transition occurs: the economy freezes in a state where all production processes collapse when either the number of primary goods or the number of available technologies fall below a critical threshold. As in other examples of phase transitions in large random systems, this is an unintended consequence of the growth in complexity. Our findings suggest that the Industrial Revolution can be regarded as a sharp transition between different phases, but also imply that well developed economies can collapse if too many intermediate goods are introduced.

Percolation, sliding, localization and relaxation in topologically closed circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hurowitz, Daniel; Cohen, Doron

2016-03-01

Considering a random walk in a random environment in a topologically closed circuit, we explore the implications of the percolation and sliding transitions for its relaxation modes. A complementary question regarding the “delocalization” of eigenstates of non-hermitian Hamiltonians has been addressed by Hatano, Nelson, and followers. But we show that for a conservative stochastic process the implied spectral properties are dramatically different. In particular we determine the threshold for under-damped relaxation, and observe “complexity saturation” as the bias is increased.

Generation of synthetic surface electromyography signals under fatigue conditions for varying force inputs using feedback control algorithm.

PubMed

Venugopal, G; Deepak, P; Ghosh, Diptasree M; Ramakrishnan, S

2017-11-01

Surface electromyography is a non-invasive technique used for recording the electrical activity of neuromuscular systems. These signals are random, complex and multi-component. There are several techniques to extract information about the force exerted by muscles during any activity. This work attempts to generate surface electromyography signals for various magnitudes of force under isometric non-fatigue and fatigue conditions using a feedback model. The model is based on existing current distribution, volume conductor relations, the feedback control algorithm for rate coding and generation of firing pattern. The result shows that synthetic surface electromyography signals are highly complex in both non-fatigue and fatigue conditions. Furthermore, surface electromyography signals have higher amplitude and lower frequency under fatigue condition. This model can be used to study the influence of various signal parameters under fatigue and non-fatigue conditions.

Generation of Stationary Non-Gaussian Time Histories with a Specified Cross-spectral Density

DOE PAGES

Smallwood, David O.

1997-01-01

The paper reviews several methods for the generation of stationary realizations of sampled time histories with non-Gaussian distributions and introduces a new method which can be used to control the cross-spectral density matrix and the probability density functions (pdfs) of the multiple input problem. Discussed first are two methods for the specialized case of matching the auto (power) spectrum, the skewness, and kurtosis using generalized shot noise and using polynomial functions. It is then shown that the skewness and kurtosis can also be controlled by the phase of a complex frequency domain description of the random process. The general casemore » of matching a target probability density function using a zero memory nonlinear (ZMNL) function is then covered. Next methods for generating vectors of random variables with a specified covariance matrix for a class of spherically invariant random vectors (SIRV) are discussed. Finally the general case of matching the cross-spectral density matrix of a vector of inputs with non-Gaussian marginal distributions is presented.« less

Kolmogorov complexity, statistical regularization of inverse problems, and Birkhoff's formalization of beauty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kreinovich, Vladik; Longpre, Luc; Koshelev, Misha

1998-09-01

Most practical applications of statistical methods are based on the implicit assumption that if an event has a very small probability, then it cannot occur. For example, the probability that a kettle placed on a cold stove would start boiling by itself is not 0, it is positive, but it is so small, that physicists conclude that such an event is simply impossible. This assumption is difficult to formalize in traditional probability theory, because this theory only describes measures on sets and does not allow us to divide functions into 'random' and non-random ones. This distinction was made possible by the idea of algorithmic randomness, introduce by Kolmogorov and his student Martin- Loef in the 1960s. We show that this idea can also be used for inverse problems. In particular, we prove that for every probability measure, the corresponding set of random functions is compact, and, therefore, the corresponding restricted inverse problem is well-defined. The resulting techniques turns out to be interestingly related with the qualitative esthetic measure introduced by G. Birkhoff as order/complexity.

Bank Regulation: Analysis of the Failure of Superior Bank, FSB, Hinsdale, Illinois

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-02-07

statement of financial position based on the fair value . The best evidence of fair value is a quoted market price in an active market, but if there is no...market price, the value must be estimated. In estimating the fair value of retained interests, valuation techniques include estimating the present...about interest rates, default, prepayment, and volatility. In 1999, FASB explained that when estimating the fair value for 7FAS No. 140: Accounting for

Prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers based on random breath tests in a roadside survey in Catalonia (Spain).

PubMed

Alcañiz, Manuela; Guillén, Montserrat; Santolino, Miguel; Sánchez-Moscona, Daniel; Llatje, Oscar; Ramon, Lluís

2014-04-01

Sobriety checkpoints are not usually randomly located by traffic authorities. As such, information provided by non-random alcohol tests cannot be used to infer the characteristics of the general driving population. In this paper a case study is presented in which the prevalence of alcohol-impaired driving is estimated for the general population of drivers. A stratified probabilistic sample was designed to represent vehicles circulating in non-urban areas of Catalonia (Spain), a region characterized by its complex transportation network and dense traffic around the metropolis of Barcelona. Random breath alcohol concentration tests were performed during spring 2012 on 7596 drivers. The estimated prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers was 1.29%, which is roughly a third of the rate obtained in non-random tests. Higher rates were found on weekends (1.90% on Saturdays and 4.29% on Sundays) and especially at night. The rate is higher for men (1.45%) than for women (0.64%) and it shows an increasing pattern with age. In vehicles with two occupants, the proportion of alcohol-impaired drivers is estimated at 2.62%, but when the driver was alone the rate drops to 0.84%, which might reflect the socialization of drinking habits. The results are compared with outcomes in previous surveys, showing a decreasing trend in the prevalence of alcohol-impaired drivers over time. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Common state mechanisms regulating tribal tobacco taxation and sales, the USA, 2015.

PubMed

DeLong, Hillary; Chriqui, Jamie; Leider, Julien; Chaloupka, Frank J

2016-10-01

Native American tribes, as sovereign nations, are exempt from state tobacco excise taxation, and self-govern on-reservation activity in the USA. Under Federal law, state excise taxes are owed by non-members purchasing tobacco on tribal land, but states are limited in how they enforce or collect these taxes. This study highlights the various policy approaches that states have taken to regulate tobacco sales on tribal lands given jurisdictional challenges. State laws (statutes, regulations and case law), Attorney General opinions, and revenue notices and rulings effective as of 1 January 2015 for all 50 states and the District of Columbia were compiled using Boolean searches in Lexis-Nexis and Westlaw. Laws were limited to those addressing taxation compacts or tobacco sales involving tribal entities. Master Settlement Agreement laws and non-codified tribal codes/compacts were excluded. Twenty of the 34 states with tribal lands address tribal tobacco sales. Fourteen states address intergovernmental compacts: 11 are tobacco specific, and suggest or require specific provisions. Fifteen states address tribal tax stamps: 2 explicitly prohibit stamping tribally sold products, 9 stamp all products, and 4 stamp some. Prepayment of excise tax is required in 12 states: 6 on all products, 4 on products in excess of quota, and 2 on products sold by non-tribal retailers. 6 states use quotas to limit tax-free tobacco available to tribes. Many states with a tribal presence have no formal strategies for non-members purchasing tobacco on tribal lands. Formalising policies and harmonising tax rates may assist states in collecting tax revenue from non-tribal consumers. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Prediction of soil attributes through interpolators in a deglaciated environment with complex landforms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schünemann, Adriano Luis; Inácio Fernandes Filho, Elpídio; Rocha Francelino, Marcio; Rodrigues Santos, Gérson; Thomazini, Andre; Batista Pereira, Antônio; Gonçalves Reynaud Schaefer, Carlos Ernesto

2017-04-01

The knowledge of environmental variables values, in non-sampled sites from a minimum data set can be accessed through interpolation technique. Kriging and the classifier Random Forest algorithm are examples of predictors with this aim. The objective of this work was to compare methods of soil attributes spatialization in a recent deglaciated environment with complex landforms. Prediction of the selected soil attributes (potassium, calcium and magnesium) from ice-free areas were tested by using morphometric covariables, and geostatistical models without these covariables. For this, 106 soil samples were collected at 0-10 cm depth in Keller Peninsula, King George Island, Maritime Antarctica. Soil chemical analysis was performed by the gravimetric method, determining values of potassium, calcium and magnesium for each sampled point. Digital terrain models (DTMs) were obtained by using Terrestrial Laser Scanner. DTMs were generated from a cloud of points with spatial resolutions of 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 m. Hence, 40 morphometric covariates were generated. Simple Kriging was performed using the R package software. The same data set coupled with morphometric covariates, was used to predict values of the studied attributes in non-sampled sites through Random Forest interpolator. Little differences were observed on the DTMs generated by Simple kriging and Random Forest interpolators. Also, DTMs with better spatial resolution did not improved the quality of soil attributes prediction. Results revealed that Simple Kriging can be used as interpolator when morphometric covariates are not available, with little impact regarding quality. It is necessary to go further in soil chemical attributes prediction techniques, especially in periglacial areas with complex landforms.

Pedological memory in forest soil development

Treesearch

Jonathan D. Phillips; Daniel A. Marion

2004-01-01

Individual trees may have significant impacts on soil morphology. If these impacts are non-random such that some microsites are repeatedly preferentially affected by trees, complex local spatial variability of soils would result. A model of self-reinforcing pedologic influences of trees (SRPIT) is proposed to explain patterns of soil variability in the Ouachita...

Physical Principle for Generation of Randomness

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zak, Michail

2009-01-01

A physical principle (more precisely, a principle that incorporates mathematical models used in physics) has been conceived as the basis of a method of generating randomness in Monte Carlo simulations. The principle eliminates the need for conventional random-number generators. The Monte Carlo simulation method is among the most powerful computational methods for solving high-dimensional problems in physics, chemistry, economics, and information processing. The Monte Carlo simulation method is especially effective for solving problems in which computational complexity increases exponentially with dimensionality. The main advantage of the Monte Carlo simulation method over other methods is that the demand on computational resources becomes independent of dimensionality. As augmented by the present principle, the Monte Carlo simulation method becomes an even more powerful computational method that is especially useful for solving problems associated with dynamics of fluids, planning, scheduling, and combinatorial optimization. The present principle is based on coupling of dynamical equations with the corresponding Liouville equation. The randomness is generated by non-Lipschitz instability of dynamics triggered and controlled by feedback from the Liouville equation. (In non-Lipschitz dynamics, the derivatives of solutions of the dynamical equations are not required to be bounded.)

Non-Hermitian localization in biological networks.

PubMed

Amir, Ariel; Hatano, Naomichi; Nelson, David R

2016-04-01

We explore the spectra and localization properties of the N-site banded one-dimensional non-Hermitian random matrices that arise naturally in sparse neural networks. Approximately equal numbers of random excitatory and inhibitory connections lead to spatially localized eigenfunctions and an intricate eigenvalue spectrum in the complex plane that controls the spontaneous activity and induced response. A finite fraction of the eigenvalues condense onto the real or imaginary axes. For large N, the spectrum has remarkable symmetries not only with respect to reflections across the real and imaginary axes but also with respect to 90^{∘} rotations, with an unusual anisotropic divergence in the localization length near the origin. When chains with periodic boundary conditions become directed, with a systematic directional bias superimposed on the randomness, a hole centered on the origin opens up in the density-of-states in the complex plane. All states are extended on the rim of this hole, while the localized eigenvalues outside the hole are unchanged. The bias-dependent shape of this hole tracks the bias-independent contours of constant localization length. We treat the large-N limit by a combination of direct numerical diagonalization and using transfer matrices, an approach that allows us to exploit an electrostatic analogy connecting the "charges" embodied in the eigenvalue distribution with the contours of constant localization length. We show that similar results are obtained for more realistic neural networks that obey "Dale's law" (each site is purely excitatory or inhibitory) and conclude with perturbation theory results that describe the limit of large directional bias, when all states are extended. Related problems arise in random ecological networks and in chains of artificial cells with randomly coupled gene expression patterns.

Non-Hermitian localization in biological networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amir, Ariel; Hatano, Naomichi; Nelson, David R.

2016-04-01

We explore the spectra and localization properties of the N -site banded one-dimensional non-Hermitian random matrices that arise naturally in sparse neural networks. Approximately equal numbers of random excitatory and inhibitory connections lead to spatially localized eigenfunctions and an intricate eigenvalue spectrum in the complex plane that controls the spontaneous activity and induced response. A finite fraction of the eigenvalues condense onto the real or imaginary axes. For large N , the spectrum has remarkable symmetries not only with respect to reflections across the real and imaginary axes but also with respect to 90∘ rotations, with an unusual anisotropic divergence in the localization length near the origin. When chains with periodic boundary conditions become directed, with a systematic directional bias superimposed on the randomness, a hole centered on the origin opens up in the density-of-states in the complex plane. All states are extended on the rim of this hole, while the localized eigenvalues outside the hole are unchanged. The bias-dependent shape of this hole tracks the bias-independent contours of constant localization length. We treat the large-N limit by a combination of direct numerical diagonalization and using transfer matrices, an approach that allows us to exploit an electrostatic analogy connecting the "charges" embodied in the eigenvalue distribution with the contours of constant localization length. We show that similar results are obtained for more realistic neural networks that obey "Dale's law" (each site is purely excitatory or inhibitory) and conclude with perturbation theory results that describe the limit of large directional bias, when all states are extended. Related problems arise in random ecological networks and in chains of artificial cells with randomly coupled gene expression patterns.

Wave Propagation in Non-Stationary Statistical Mantle Models at the Global Scale

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meschede, M.; Romanowicz, B. A.

2014-12-01

We study the effect of statistically distributed heterogeneities that are smaller than the resolution of current tomographic models on seismic waves that propagate through the Earth's mantle at teleseismic distances. Current global tomographic models are missing small-scale structure as evidenced by the failure of even accurate numerical synthetics to explain enhanced coda in observed body and surface waveforms. One way to characterize small scale heterogeneity is to construct random models and confront observed coda waveforms with predictions from these models. Statistical studies of the coda typically rely on models with simplified isotropic and stationary correlation functions in Cartesian geometries. We show how to construct more complex random models for the mantle that can account for arbitrary non-stationary and anisotropic correlation functions as well as for complex geometries. Although this method is computationally heavy, model characteristics such as translational, cylindrical or spherical symmetries can be used to greatly reduce the complexity such that this method becomes practical. With this approach, we can create 3D models of the full spherical Earth that can be radially anisotropic, i.e. with different horizontal and radial correlation functions, and radially non-stationary, i.e. with radially varying model power and correlation functions. Both of these features are crucial for a statistical description of the mantle in which structure depends to first order on the spherical geometry of the Earth. We combine different random model realizations of S velocity with current global tomographic models that are robust at long wavelengths (e.g. Meschede and Romanowicz, 2014, GJI submitted), and compute the effects of these hybrid models on the wavefield with a spectral element code (SPECFEM3D_GLOBE). We finally analyze the resulting coda waves for our model selection and compare our computations with observations. Based on these observations, we make predictions about the strength of unresolved small-scale structure and extrinsic attenuation.

The reaction of the dental profession to changes in the 1970s.

PubMed Central

Waldman, H B

1980-01-01

This paper explores the changing realities of dentistry in the 1970s: the development of denturism; the maldistribution of dental practitioners; the growth and activities of expanded function auxiliaries; the intrusion of the Federal Trade Commission into professional issues resulting in advertising, supermarket and franchise dentistry; and the effect of prepayment plans. These realities are considered in terms of their impact on the profession and the efforts by the individual practitioner and his representative organizations to come to terms with them. PMID:7377438

The reaction of the dental profession to changes in the 1970s.

PubMed

Waldman, H B

1980-06-01

This paper explores the changing realities of dentistry in the 1970s: the development of denturism; the maldistribution of dental practitioners; the growth and activities of expanded function auxiliaries; the intrusion of the Federal Trade Commission into professional issues resulting in advertising, supermarket and franchise dentistry; and the effect of prepayment plans. These realities are considered in terms of their impact on the profession and the efforts by the individual practitioner and his representative organizations to come to terms with them.

Some tax-exempt bond issues could become taxable.

PubMed

Lough, S B; O'Hare, P K

2000-12-01

The IRS recently launched a new program to audit healthcare mergers-and-acquisition financing arrangements. To date, the IRS has focused on transactions involving IDSs in which tax-exempt bonds issued on behalf of the participants have been used to prepay the outstanding debt of one or both participants. The IRS is concerned that such tax-exempt financing may involve impermissible advance-refunding of the previous debt, in which case the financing would be deemed taxable and the participants subject to penalties.

Quasi-analytical treatment of spatially averaged radiation transfer in complex terrain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Löwe, H.; Helbig, N.

2012-04-01

We provide a new quasi-analytical method to compute the topographic influence on the effective albedo of complex topography as required for meteorological, land-surface or climate models. We investigate radiative transfer in complex terrain via the radiosity equation on isotropic Gaussian random fields. Under controlled approximations we derive expressions for domain averages of direct, diffuse and terrain radiation and the sky view factor. Domain averaged quantities are related to a type of level-crossing probability of the random field which is approximated by longstanding results developed for acoustic scattering at ocean boundaries. This allows us to express all non-local horizon effects in terms of a local terrain parameter, namely the mean squared slope. Emerging integrals are computed numerically and fit formulas are given for practical purposes. As an implication of our approach we provide an expression for the effective albedo of complex terrain in terms of the sun elevation angle, mean squared slope, the area averaged surface albedo, and the direct-to-diffuse ratio of solar radiation. As an application, we compute the effective albedo for the Swiss Alps and discuss possible generalizations of the method.

The kinetochore prevents centromere-proximal crossover recombination during meiosis

PubMed Central

Vincenten, Nadine; Kuhl, Lisa-Marie; Lam, Isabel; Oke, Ashwini; Kerr, Alastair RW; Hochwagen, Andreas; Fung, Jennifer; Keeney, Scott; Vader, Gerben; Marston, Adèle L

2015-01-01

During meiosis, crossover recombination is essential to link homologous chromosomes and drive faithful chromosome segregation. Crossover recombination is non-random across the genome, and centromere-proximal crossovers are associated with an increased risk of aneuploidy, including Trisomy 21 in humans. Here, we identify the conserved Ctf19/CCAN kinetochore sub-complex as a major factor that minimizes potentially deleterious centromere-proximal crossovers in budding yeast. We uncover multi-layered suppression of pericentromeric recombination by the Ctf19 complex, operating across distinct chromosomal distances. The Ctf19 complex prevents meiotic DNA break formation, the initiating event of recombination, proximal to the centromere. The Ctf19 complex independently drives the enrichment of cohesin throughout the broader pericentromere to suppress crossovers, but not DNA breaks. This non-canonical role of the kinetochore in defining a chromosome domain that is refractory to crossovers adds a new layer of functionality by which the kinetochore prevents the incidence of chromosome segregation errors that generate aneuploid gametes. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.10850.001 PMID:26653857

A randomized trial comparing concise and standard consent forms in the START trial

PubMed Central

Touloumi, Giota; Walker, A. Sarah; Smolskis, Mary; Sharma, Shweta; Babiker, Abdel G.; Pantazis, Nikos; Tavel, Jorge; Florence, Eric; Sanchez, Adriana; Hudson, Fleur; Papadopoulos, Antonios; Emanuel, Ezekiel; Clewett, Megan; Munroe, David; Denning, Eileen

2017-01-01

Background Improving the effectiveness and efficiency of research informed consent is a high priority. Some express concern about longer, more complex, written consent forms creating barriers to participant understanding. A recent meta-analysis concluded that randomized comparisons were needed. Methods We conducted a cluster-randomized non-inferiority comparison of a standard versus concise consent form within a multinational trial studying the timing of starting antiretroviral therapy in HIV+ adults (START). Interested sites were randomized to standard or concise consent forms for all individuals signing START consent. Participants completed a survey measuring comprehension of study information and satisfaction with the consent process. Site personnel reported usual site consent practices. The primary outcome was comprehension of the purpose of randomization (pre-specified 7.5% non-inferiority margin). Results 77 sites (2429 participants) were randomly allocated to use standard consent and 77 sites (2000 participants) concise consent, for an evaluable cohort of 4229. Site and participant characteristics were similar for the two groups. The concise consent was non-inferior to the standard consent on comprehension of randomization (80.2% versus 82%, site adjusted difference: 0.75% (95% CI -3.8%, +5.2%)); and the two groups did not differ significantly on total comprehension score, satisfaction, or voluntariness (p>0.1). Certain independent factors, such as education, influenced comprehension and satisfaction but not differences between consent groups. Conclusions An easier to read, more concise consent form neither hindered nor improved comprehension of study information nor satisfaction with the consent process among a large number of participants. This supports continued efforts to make consent forms more efficient. Trial registration Informed consent substudy was registered as part of START study in clinicaltrials.gov #NCT00867048, and EudraCT # 2008-006439-12 PMID:28445471

A Comparative Study of Randomized Constraint Solvers for Random-Symbolic Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Takaki, Mitsuo; Cavalcanti, Diego; Gheyi, Rohit; Iyoda, Juliano; dAmorim, Marcelo; Prudencio, Ricardo

2009-01-01

The complexity of constraints is a major obstacle for constraint-based software verification. Automatic constraint solvers are fundamentally incomplete: input constraints often build on some undecidable theory or some theory the solver does not support. This paper proposes and evaluates several randomized solvers to address this issue. We compare the effectiveness of a symbolic solver (CVC3), a random solver, three hybrid solvers (i.e., mix of random and symbolic), and two heuristic search solvers. We evaluate the solvers on two benchmarks: one consisting of manually generated constraints and another generated with a concolic execution of 8 subjects. In addition to fully decidable constraints, the benchmarks include constraints with non-linear integer arithmetic, integer modulo and division, bitwise arithmetic, and floating-point arithmetic. As expected symbolic solving (in particular, CVC3) subsumes the other solvers for the concolic execution of subjects that only generate decidable constraints. For the remaining subjects the solvers are complementary.

Non-random mate choice in humans: insights from a genome scan.

PubMed

Laurent, R; Toupance, B; Chaix, R

2012-02-01

Little is known about the genetic factors influencing mate choice in humans. Still, there is evidence for non-random mate choice with respect to physical traits. In addition, some studies suggest that the Major Histocompatibility Complex may affect pair formation. Nowadays, the availability of high density genomic data sets gives the opportunity to scan the genome for signatures of non-random mate choice without prior assumptions on which genes may be involved, while taking into account socio-demographic factors. Here, we performed a genome scan to detect extreme patterns of similarity or dissimilarity among spouses throughout the genome in three populations of African, European American, and Mexican origins from the HapMap 3 database. Our analyses identified genes and biological functions that may affect pair formation in humans, including genes involved in skin appearance, morphogenesis, immunity and behaviour. We found little overlap between the three populations, suggesting that the biological functions potentially influencing mate choice are population specific, in other words are culturally driven. Moreover, whenever the same functional category of genes showed a significant signal in two populations, different genes were actually involved, which suggests the possibility of evolutionary convergences. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Random diffusivity from stochastic equations: comparison of two models for Brownian yet non-Gaussian diffusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sposini, Vittoria; Chechkin, Aleksei V.; Seno, Flavio; Pagnini, Gianni; Metzler, Ralf

2018-04-01

A considerable number of systems have recently been reported in which Brownian yet non-Gaussian dynamics was observed. These are processes characterised by a linear growth in time of the mean squared displacement, yet the probability density function of the particle displacement is distinctly non-Gaussian, and often of exponential (Laplace) shape. This apparently ubiquitous behaviour observed in very different physical systems has been interpreted as resulting from diffusion in inhomogeneous environments and mathematically represented through a variable, stochastic diffusion coefficient. Indeed different models describing a fluctuating diffusivity have been studied. Here we present a new view of the stochastic basis describing time-dependent random diffusivities within a broad spectrum of distributions. Concretely, our study is based on the very generic class of the generalised Gamma distribution. Two models for the particle spreading in such random diffusivity settings are studied. The first belongs to the class of generalised grey Brownian motion while the second follows from the idea of diffusing diffusivities. The two processes exhibit significant characteristics which reproduce experimental results from different biological and physical systems. We promote these two physical models for the description of stochastic particle motion in complex environments.

Who chooses prepaid dental care? A baseline report of a prospective observational study.

PubMed

Andås, Charlotte Andrén; Hakeberg, Magnus

2014-12-03

An optional capitation prepayment system has been implemented in Swedish dental care, supplementary to the traditional fee-for-service scheme within the Public Dental Service. The implementation of a new system may have a variety of preferred and adverse effects, arguably dependent on the individual patient's attitudes, health beliefs and course of action.The aim of this study was to describe potential differences regarding socioeconomic and lifestyle factors, perceived oral health and attitudes towards oral health between patients in the two payment systems. Questionnaire data were consecutively collected from 13,719 patients, who regularly attended 20 strategically selected clinics within the PDS in Region Västra Götaland, before they were offered the choice between the traditional and the new payment system. Capitation patients were more often female and well educated. They had healthier habits, were more motivated to follow self-care advice, more often judged their oral health to be very good and considered oral health to be very significant for their wellbeing. The results were statistically significant and described a gradient. The more explicitly affirmative the answer, the more likely the patient was to choose the prepayment scheme. There appears to be a pattern of differences with respect to important individual views on oral health between patients choosing a capitation system or a fee-for-service system. These differences may be important when assessing outcomes in the new payment system and in public dental care.

Assessing catastrophic and impoverishing effects of health care payments in Uganda.

PubMed

Kwesiga, Brendan; Zikusooka, Charlotte M; Ataguba, John E

2015-01-22

Direct out-of-pocket payments for health care are recognised as limiting access to health care services and also endangering the welfare of households. In Uganda, such payments comprise a large portion of total health financing. This study assesses the catastrophic and impoverishing impact of paying for health care out-of-pocket in Uganda. Using data from the Uganda National Household Surveys 2009/10, the catastrophic impact of out-of-pocket health care payments is defined using thresholds that vary with household income. The impoverishing effect of out-of-pocket health care payments is assessed using the Ugandan national poverty line and the World Bank poverty line ($1.25/day). A high level and intensity of both financial catastrophe and impoverishment due to out-of-pocket payments are recorded. Using an initial threshold of 10% of household income, about 23% of Ugandan households face financial ruin. Based on both the $1.25/day and the Ugandan poverty lines, about 4% of the population are further impoverished by such payments. This represents a relative increase in poverty head count of 17.1% and 18.1% respectively. The absence of financial protection in Uganda's health system calls for concerted action. Currently, out-of-pocket payments account for a large share of total health financing and there is no pooled prepayment system available. There is therefore a need to move towards mandatory prepayment. In this way, people could access the needed health services without any associated financial consequence.

Dynamical entropy via entropy of non-random matrices: application to stability and complexity in modelling ecosystems.

PubMed

Chakrabarti, C G; Ghosh, Koyel

2013-10-01

In the present paper we have first introduced a measure of dynamical entropy of an ecosystem on the basis of the dynamical model of the system. The dynamical entropy which depends on the eigenvalues of the community matrix of the system leads to a consistent measure of complexity of the ecosystem to characterize the dynamical behaviours such as the stability, instability and periodicity around the stationary states of the system. We have illustrated the theory with some model ecosystems. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Scalability, Complexity and Reliability in Quantum Information Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

hidden subgroup framework to abelian groups which are not finitely generated. An extension of the basic algorithm breaks the Buchmann-Williams...finding short lattice vectors . In [2], we showed that the generalization of the standard method --- random coset state preparation followed by fourier...sampling --- required exponential time for sufficiently non-abelian groups including the symmetric group , at least when the fourier transforms are

Path statistics, memory, and coarse-graining of continuous-time random walks on networks

PubMed Central

Kion-Crosby, Willow; Morozov, Alexandre V.

2015-01-01

Continuous-time random walks (CTRWs) on discrete state spaces, ranging from regular lattices to complex networks, are ubiquitous across physics, chemistry, and biology. Models with coarse-grained states (for example, those employed in studies of molecular kinetics) or spatial disorder can give rise to memory and non-exponential distributions of waiting times and first-passage statistics. However, existing methods for analyzing CTRWs on complex energy landscapes do not address these effects. Here we use statistical mechanics of the nonequilibrium path ensemble to characterize first-passage CTRWs on networks with arbitrary connectivity, energy landscape, and waiting time distributions. Our approach can be applied to calculating higher moments (beyond the mean) of path length, time, and action, as well as statistics of any conservative or non-conservative force along a path. For homogeneous networks, we derive exact relations between length and time moments, quantifying the validity of approximating a continuous-time process with its discrete-time projection. For more general models, we obtain recursion relations, reminiscent of transfer matrix and exact enumeration techniques, to efficiently calculate path statistics numerically. We have implemented our algorithm in PathMAN (Path Matrix Algorithm for Networks), a Python script that users can apply to their model of choice. We demonstrate the algorithm on a few representative examples which underscore the importance of non-exponential distributions, memory, and coarse-graining in CTRWs. PMID:26646868

Prevention and management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small intestinal injury

PubMed Central

Park, Sung Chul; Chun, Hoon Jai; Kang, Chang Don; Sul, Donggeun

2011-01-01

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-induced small bowel injury is a topic that deserves attention since the advent of capsule endoscopy and balloon enteroscopy. NSAID enteropathy is common and is mostly asymptomatic. However, massive bleeding, stricture, or perforation may occur. The pathogenesis of small intestine injury by NSAIDs is complex and different from that of the upper gastrointestinal tract. No drug has yet been developed that can completely prevent or treat NSAID enteropathy. Therefore, a long-term randomized study in chronic NSAID users is needed. PMID:22180706

Characterization of the interaction between subunits of the botulinum toxin complex produced by serotype D through tryptic susceptibility of the isolated components and complex forms.

PubMed

Suzuki, Tomonori; Watanabe, Toshihiro; Mutoh, Shingo; Hasegawa, Kimiko; Kouguchi, Hirokazu; Sagane, Yoshimasa; Fujinaga, Yukako; Oguma, Keiji; Ohyama, Tohru

2005-05-01

The 650 kDa large toxin complex (L-TC) produced by Clostridium botulinum serotype D strain 4947 (D-4947) has a subunit structure composed of unnicked components, i.e. neurotoxin (NT), non-toxic non-haemagglutinin (NTNHA) and three haemagglutinin subcomponents (HA-70, HA-33 and HA-17). In this study, subunit interactions were investigated through the susceptibilities of the toxin components to limited trypsin proteolysis. Additionally, complex forms were reconstituted in vitro by various combinations of individual components. Trypsin treatment of intact D-4947 L-TC led to the formation of mature L-TC with nicks at specific sites of each component, which is usually observed in other strains of serotype D. NT, NTNHA and HA-17 were cleaved at their specific sites in either the single or complex forms, but HA-33 showed no sign of proteolysis. Unlike the other components, HA-70 was digested into random fragments as a single form, but it was cleaved into two fragments in the complex form. Based on the relative position of exposed or hidden regions of the individual components in the complex derived from their tryptic susceptibilities, an assembly model is proposed for the arrangement of individual subunits in the botulinum L-TC.

Emergence of cooperation in non-scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yichao; Aziz-Alaoui, M. A.; Bertelle, Cyrille; Zhou, Shi; Wang, Wenting

2014-06-01

Evolutionary game theory is one of the key paradigms behind many scientific disciplines from science to engineering. Previous studies proposed a strategy updating mechanism, which successfully demonstrated that the scale-free network can provide a framework for the emergence of cooperation. Instead, individuals in random graphs and small-world networks do not favor cooperation under this updating rule. However, a recent empirical result shows the heterogeneous networks do not promote cooperation when humans play a prisoner’s dilemma. In this paper, we propose a strategy updating rule with payoff memory. We observe that the random graphs and small-world networks can provide even better frameworks for cooperation than the scale-free networks in this scenario. Our observations suggest that the degree heterogeneity may be neither a sufficient condition nor a necessary condition for the widespread cooperation in complex networks. Also, the topological structures are not sufficed to determine the level of cooperation in complex networks.

Communication complexity and information complexity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pankratov, Denis

Information complexity enables the use of information-theoretic tools in communication complexity theory. Prior to the results presented in this thesis, information complexity was mainly used for proving lower bounds and direct-sum theorems in the setting of communication complexity. We present three results that demonstrate new connections between information complexity and communication complexity. In the first contribution we thoroughly study the information complexity of the smallest nontrivial two-party function: the AND function. While computing the communication complexity of AND is trivial, computing its exact information complexity presents a major technical challenge. In overcoming this challenge, we reveal that information complexity gives rise to rich geometrical structures. Our analysis of information complexity relies on new analytic techniques and new characterizations of communication protocols. We also uncover a connection of information complexity to the theory of elliptic partial differential equations. Once we compute the exact information complexity of AND, we can compute exact communication complexity of several related functions on n-bit inputs with some additional technical work. Previous combinatorial and algebraic techniques could only prove bounds of the form theta( n). Interestingly, this level of precision is typical in the area of information theory, so our result demonstrates that this meta-property of precise bounds carries over to information complexity and in certain cases even to communication complexity. Our result does not only strengthen the lower bound on communication complexity of disjointness by making it more exact, but it also shows that information complexity provides the exact upper bound on communication complexity. In fact, this result is more general and applies to a whole class of communication problems. In the second contribution, we use self-reduction methods to prove strong lower bounds on the information complexity of two of the most studied functions in the communication complexity literature: Gap Hamming Distance (GHD) and Inner Product mod 2 (IP). In our first result we affirm the conjecture that the information complexity of GHD is linear even under the uniform distribution. This strengthens the O(n) bound shown by Kerenidis et al. (2012) and answers an open problem by Chakrabarti et al. (2012). We also prove that the information complexity of IP is arbitrarily close to the trivial upper bound n as the permitted error tends to zero, again strengthening the O(n) lower bound proved by Braverman and Weinstein (2011). More importantly, our proofs demonstrate that self-reducibility makes the connection between information complexity and communication complexity lower bounds a two-way connection. Whereas numerous results in the past used information complexity techniques to derive new communication complexity lower bounds, we explore a generic way, in which communication complexity lower bounds imply information complexity lower bounds in a black-box manner. In the third contribution we consider the roles that private and public randomness play in the definition of information complexity. In communication complexity, private randomness can be trivially simulated by public randomness. Moreover, the communication cost of simulating public randomness with private randomness is well understood due to Newman's theorem (1991). In information complexity, the roles of public and private randomness are reversed: public randomness can be trivially simulated by private randomness. However, the information cost of simulating private randomness with public randomness is not understood. We show that protocols that use only public randomness admit a rather strong compression. In particular, efficient simulation of private randomness by public randomness would imply a version of a direct sum theorem in the setting of communication complexity. This establishes a yet another connection between the two areas. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Multi-channel non-invasive fetal electrocardiography detection using wavelet decomposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almeida, Javier; Ruano, Josué; Corredor, Germán.; Romo-Bucheli, David; Navarro-Vargas, José Ricardo; Romero, Eduardo

2017-11-01

Non-invasive fetal electrocardiography (fECG) has attracted the medical community because of the importance of fetal monitoring. However, its implementation in clinical practice is challenging: the fetal signal has a low Signal- to-Noise-Ratio and several signal sources are present in the maternal abdominal electrocardiography (AECG). This paper presents a novel method to detect the fetal signal from a multi-channel maternal AECG. The method begins by applying filters and signal detrending the AECG signals. Afterwards, the maternal QRS complexes are identified and subtracted. The residual signals are used to detect the fetal QRS complex. Intervals of these signals are analyzed by using a wavelet decomposition. The resulting representation feds a previously trained Random Forest (RF) classifier that identifies signal intervals associated to fetal QRS complex. The method was evaluated on a public available dataset: the Physionet2013 challenge. A set of 50 maternal AECG records were used to train the RF classifier. The evaluation was carried out in signals intervals extracted from additional 25 maternal AECG. The proposed method yielded an 83:77% accuracy in the fetal QRS complex classification task.

Observation of paramorphic phenomenon and non-tilted orthogonal smectic phases in hydrogen bonded ferroelectric liquid crystals for photonic applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Subhasri, P.; Venugopal, D.; Jayaprakasam, R.; Chitravel, T.; Vijayakumar, V. N.

2018-06-01

A new class of hydrogen bonded ferroelectric liquid crystals (HBFLC) have been designed and synthesized by intermolecular hydrogen bonds between mesogenic 4-decyloxybenzoic acid (10OBA) and non-mesogenic (R)-(+)-Methylsuccinic acid (MSA) which have been confirmed through experimental and theoretical studies. Further, Mulliken population analysis clearly reveals that the existence of hydrogen bonds, strength and dynamic properties. Textural observation and its corresponding enthalpy values are analyzed by polarizing optical microscope (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) respectively. Paramorphic changes in Sm C* phase due to the change of refractive index, which clearly reveal that the complex could be used for filtering action in photonic devices. The transition from lone pair to π* with large stabilization energy evidently exposes the chiral phases in the present HBFLC complex. Intermolecular interaction is analyzed by using natural bond orbital (NBO) studies. The highest energy in the HOMO-LUMO shows the stable phase in the HBFLC complex. Molecular structure of the HBFLC complex possesses the monoclinic which has been evinced through x-ray analysis. The randomly oriented bunch of homogeneous molecules in Sm A* phase of the HBFLC complex is reported.

Universality of long-range correlations in expansion randomization systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Messer, P. W.; Lässig, M.; Arndt, P. F.

2005-10-01

We study the stochastic dynamics of sequences evolving by single-site mutations, segmental duplications, deletions, and random insertions. These processes are relevant for the evolution of genomic DNA. They define a universality class of non-equilibrium 1D expansion-randomization systems with generic stationary long-range correlations in a regime of growing sequence length. We obtain explicitly the two-point correlation function of the sequence composition and the distribution function of the composition bias in sequences of finite length. The characteristic exponent χ of these quantities is determined by the ratio of two effective rates, which are explicitly calculated for several specific sequence evolution dynamics of the universality class. Depending on the value of χ, we find two different scaling regimes, which are distinguished by the detectability of the initial composition bias. All analytic results are accurately verified by numerical simulations. We also discuss the non-stationary build-up and decay of correlations, as well as more complex evolutionary scenarios, where the rates of the processes vary in time. Our findings provide a possible example for the emergence of universality in molecular biology.

Hierarchy of evidence: differences in results between non-randomized studies and randomized trials in patients with femoral neck fractures.

PubMed

Bhandari, Mohit; Tornetta, Paul; Ellis, Thomas; Audige, Laurent; Sprague, Sheila; Kuo, Jonathann C; Swiontkowski, Marc F

2004-01-01

There have been a number of non-randomized studies comparing arthroplasty with internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures. However, there remains considerable debate about whether the results of non-randomized studies are consistent with the results of randomized, controlled trials. Given the economic burden of hip fractures, it remains essential to identify therapies to improve outcomes; however, whether data from non-randomized studies of an intervention should be used to guide patient care remains unclear. We aimed to determine whether the pooled results of mortality and revision surgery among non-randomized studies were similar to those of randomized trials in studies comparing arthroplasty with internal fixation in patients with femoral neck fractures. We conducted a Medline search from 1969 to June 2002, identifying both randomized and non-randomized studies comparing internal fixation with arthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fractures. Additional strategies to identify relevant articles included Cochrane database, SCISEARCH, textbooks, annual meeting programs, and content experts. We abstracted information on mortality and revision rates in each study and compared the pooled results between non-randomized and randomized studies. In addition, we explored potential reasons for dissimilar results between the two study designs. We identified 140 citations that addressed the general topic of comparison of arthroplasty and internal fixation for hip fracture. Of these, 27 studies met the eligibility criteria, 13 of which were non-randomized studies and 14 of which were randomized trials. Mortality data was available in all 13 non-randomized studies ( n=3108 patients) and in 12 randomized studies ( n=1767 patients). Non-randomized studies overestimated the risk of mortality by 40% when compared with the results of randomized trials (relative risk 1.44 vs 1.04, respectively). Information on revision risk was available in 9 non-randomized studies ( n=2764 patients) and all 14 randomized studies ( n=1901 patients). Both estimates from non-randomized and randomized studies revealed a significant reduction in the risk of revision surgery with arthroplasty compared with internal fixation (relative risk 0.38 vs 0.23, respectively). The reduction in the risk of revision surgery with arthroplasty compared with internal fixation was 62% for non-randomized studies and 77% for randomized trials. Thus, non-randomized studies underestimated the relative benefit of arthroplasty by 19.5%. Non-randomized studies with point estimates of relative risk similar to the pooled estimate for randomized trials all controlled for patient age, gender, and fracture displacement in their comparisons of mortality. We were unable to identify reasons for differences in the revision rate results between the study designs. Similar to other reports in medical subspecialties, non-randomized studies provided results dissimilar to randomized trials of arthroplasty vs internal fixation for mortality and revision rates in patients with femoral neck fractures. Investigators should be aware of these discrepancies when evaluating the merits of alternative surgical interventions, especially when both randomized trials and non-randomized comparative studies are available.

The challenge for genetic epidemiologists: how to analyze large numbers of SNPs in relation to complex diseases.

PubMed

Heidema, A Geert; Boer, Jolanda M A; Nagelkerke, Nico; Mariman, Edwin C M; van der A, Daphne L; Feskens, Edith J M

2006-04-21

Genetic epidemiologists have taken the challenge to identify genetic polymorphisms involved in the development of diseases. Many have collected data on large numbers of genetic markers but are not familiar with available methods to assess their association with complex diseases. Statistical methods have been developed for analyzing the relation between large numbers of genetic and environmental predictors to disease or disease-related variables in genetic association studies. In this commentary we discuss logistic regression analysis, neural networks, including the parameter decreasing method (PDM) and genetic programming optimized neural networks (GPNN) and several non-parametric methods, which include the set association approach, combinatorial partitioning method (CPM), restricted partitioning method (RPM), multifactor dimensionality reduction (MDR) method and the random forests approach. The relative strengths and weaknesses of these methods are highlighted. Logistic regression and neural networks can handle only a limited number of predictor variables, depending on the number of observations in the dataset. Therefore, they are less useful than the non-parametric methods to approach association studies with large numbers of predictor variables. GPNN on the other hand may be a useful approach to select and model important predictors, but its performance to select the important effects in the presence of large numbers of predictors needs to be examined. Both the set association approach and random forests approach are able to handle a large number of predictors and are useful in reducing these predictors to a subset of predictors with an important contribution to disease. The combinatorial methods give more insight in combination patterns for sets of genetic and/or environmental predictor variables that may be related to the outcome variable. As the non-parametric methods have different strengths and weaknesses we conclude that to approach genetic association studies using the case-control design, the application of a combination of several methods, including the set association approach, MDR and the random forests approach, will likely be a useful strategy to find the important genes and interaction patterns involved in complex diseases.

A statistical physics perspective on criticality in financial markets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bury, Thomas

2013-11-01

Stock markets are complex systems exhibiting collective phenomena and particular features such as synchronization, fluctuations distributed as power-laws, non-random structures and similarity to neural networks. Such specific properties suggest that markets operate at a very special point. Financial markets are believed to be critical by analogy to physical systems, but little statistically founded evidence has been given. Through a data-based methodology and comparison to simulations inspired by the statistical physics of complex systems, we show that the Dow Jones and index sets are not rigorously critical. However, financial systems are closer to criticality in the crash neighborhood.

Anomalous transport in fluid field with random waiting time depending on the preceding jump length

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hong; Li, Guo-Hua

2016-11-01

Anomalous (or non-Fickian) transport behaviors of particles have been widely observed in complex porous media. To capture the energy-dependent characteristics of non-Fickian transport of a particle in flow fields, in the present paper a generalized continuous time random walk model whose waiting time probability distribution depends on the preceding jump length is introduced, and the corresponding master equation in Fourier-Laplace space for the distribution of particles is derived. As examples, two generalized advection-dispersion equations for Gaussian distribution and lévy flight with the probability density function of waiting time being quadratic dependent on the preceding jump length are obtained by applying the derived master equation. Project supported by the Foundation for Young Key Teachers of Chengdu University of Technology, China (Grant No. KYGG201414) and the Opening Foundation of Geomathematics Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, China (Grant No. scsxdz2013009).

Evaluation of a tissue-engineered bovine pericardial patch in paediatric patients with congenital cardiac anomalies: initial experience with the ADAPT-treated CardioCel(R) patch.

PubMed

Neethling, William M L; Strange, Geoff; Firth, Laura; Smit, Francis E

2013-10-01

This study evaluated the safety, efficacy and clinical performance of the tissue-engineered ADAPT® bovine pericardial patch (ABPP) in paediatric patients with a range of congenital cardiac anomalies. In this single-centre, prospective, non-randomized clinical study, paediatric patients underwent surgery for insertion of the ABPP. Primary efficacy measures included early (<30 day) morbidity; incidence of device-related complications; haemodynamic performance derived from echocardiography assessment at 6- and 12-month follow-up and magnetic resonance imaging findings in 10 randomly selected patients at 12 months. Secondary measures included device-handling characteristics; shape and sizing characteristics and perioperative implant complications. The Aristotle complexity scoring system was used to score the complexity level of all surgical procedures. Patients completing the 12-month study were eligible to enter a long-term evaluation study. Between April 2008 and September 2009, the ABPP was used in 30 paediatric patients. In the 30-day postoperative period, no graft-related morbidity was observed. In total, there were 5 deaths (2 in the 30-day postoperative period and 3 within the first 6 postoperative months). All deaths were deemed due to comorbid non-graft-related events. Echocardiography assessment at 6 and 12 months revealed intact anatomical and haemodynamically stable repairs without any visible calcification of the patch. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment in 10 patients at 12 months revealed no signs of calcification. Fisher's exact test demonstrated that patients undergoing more complex, higher risk surgical repairs (Aristotle complexity score >8) were significantly more likely to die (P = 0.0055, 58% survival compared with 100% survival for less complex surgical repairs). In 19 patients, echocardiographic data were available at 18-36 months with no evidence of device calcification, infection, thromboembolic events or device failure. This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of this engineered bovine pericardial patch as a cardiovascular substitute for surgical repair of both simple and more complex congenital cardiac defects.

A distributed scheduling algorithm for heterogeneous real-time systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zeineldine, Osman; El-Toweissy, Mohamed; Mukkamala, Ravi

1991-01-01

Much of the previous work on load balancing and scheduling in distributed environments was concerned with homogeneous systems and homogeneous loads. Several of the results indicated that random policies are as effective as other more complex load allocation policies. The effects of heterogeneity on scheduling algorithms for hard real time systems is examined. A distributed scheduler specifically to handle heterogeneities in both nodes and node traffic is proposed. The performance of the algorithm is measured in terms of the percentage of jobs discarded. While a random task allocation is very sensitive to heterogeneities, the algorithm is shown to be robust to such non-uniformities in system components and load.

Mean-field analysis of an inductive reasoning game: Application to influenza vaccination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Breban, Romulus; Vardavas, Raffaele; Blower, Sally

2007-09-01

Recently we have introduced an inductive reasoning game of voluntary yearly vaccination to establish whether or not a population of individuals acting in their own self-interest would be able to prevent influenza epidemics. Here, we analyze our model to describe the dynamics of the collective yearly vaccination uptake. We discuss the mean-field equations of our model and first order effects of fluctuations. We explain why our model predicts that severe epidemics are periodically expected even without the introduction of pandemic strains. We find that fluctuations in the collective yearly vaccination uptake induce severe epidemics with an expected periodicity that depends on the number of independent decision makers in the population. The mean-field dynamics also reveal that there are conditions for which the dynamics become robust to the fluctuations. However, the transition between fluctuation-sensitive and fluctuation-robust dynamics occurs for biologically implausible parameters. We also analyze our model when incentive-based vaccination programs are offered. When a family-based incentive is offered, the expected periodicity of severe epidemics is increased. This results from the fact that the number of independent decision makers is reduced, increasing the effect of the fluctuations. However, incentives based on the number of years of prepayment of vaccination may yield fluctuation-robust dynamics where severe epidemics are prevented. In this case, depending on prepayment, the transition between fluctuation-sensitive and fluctuation-robust dynamics may occur for biologically plausible parameters. Our analysis provides a practical method for identifying how many years of free vaccination should be provided in order to successfully ameliorate influenza epidemics.

Mean-field analysis of an inductive reasoning game: application to influenza vaccination.

PubMed

Breban, Romulus; Vardavas, Raffaele; Blower, Sally

2007-09-01

Recently we have introduced an inductive reasoning game of voluntary yearly vaccination to establish whether or not a population of individuals acting in their own self-interest would be able to prevent influenza epidemics. Here, we analyze our model to describe the dynamics of the collective yearly vaccination uptake. We discuss the mean-field equations of our model and first order effects of fluctuations. We explain why our model predicts that severe epidemics are periodically expected even without the introduction of pandemic strains. We find that fluctuations in the collective yearly vaccination uptake induce severe epidemics with an expected periodicity that depends on the number of independent decision makers in the population. The mean-field dynamics also reveal that there are conditions for which the dynamics become robust to the fluctuations. However, the transition between fluctuation-sensitive and fluctuation-robust dynamics occurs for biologically implausible parameters. We also analyze our model when incentive-based vaccination programs are offered. When a family-based incentive is offered, the expected periodicity of severe epidemics is increased. This results from the fact that the number of independent decision makers is reduced, increasing the effect of the fluctuations. However, incentives based on the number of years of prepayment of vaccination may yield fluctuation-robust dynamics where severe epidemics are prevented. In this case, depending on prepayment, the transition between fluctuation-sensitive and fluctuation-robust dynamics may occur for biologically plausible parameters. Our analysis provides a practical method for identifying how many years of free vaccination should be provided in order to successfully ameliorate influenza epidemics.

Circular instead of hierarchical: methodological principles for the evaluation of complex interventions

PubMed Central

Walach, Harald; Falkenberg, Torkel; Fønnebø, Vinjar; Lewith, George; Jonas, Wayne B

2006-01-01

Background The reasoning behind evaluating medical interventions is that a hierarchy of methods exists which successively produce improved and therefore more rigorous evidence based medicine upon which to make clinical decisions. At the foundation of this hierarchy are case studies, retrospective and prospective case series, followed by cohort studies with historical and concomitant non-randomized controls. Open-label randomized controlled studies (RCTs), and finally blinded, placebo-controlled RCTs, which offer most internal validity are considered the most reliable evidence. Rigorous RCTs remove bias. Evidence from RCTs forms the basis of meta-analyses and systematic reviews. This hierarchy, founded on a pharmacological model of therapy, is generalized to other interventions which may be complex and non-pharmacological (healing, acupuncture and surgery). Discussion The hierarchical model is valid for limited questions of efficacy, for instance for regulatory purposes and newly devised products and pharmacological preparations. It is inadequate for the evaluation of complex interventions such as physiotherapy, surgery and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). This has to do with the essential tension between internal validity (rigor and the removal of bias) and external validity (generalizability). Summary Instead of an Evidence Hierarchy, we propose a Circular Model. This would imply a multiplicity of methods, using different designs, counterbalancing their individual strengths and weaknesses to arrive at pragmatic but equally rigorous evidence which would provide significant assistance in clinical and health systems innovation. Such evidence would better inform national health care technology assessment agencies and promote evidence based health reform. PMID:16796762

Investigation of the complex electroviscous effects on electrolyte (single and multiphase) flow in porous medi.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolet, A. J. S.; Linga, G.; Mathiesen, J.

2017-12-01

Surface charge is an important control parameter for wall-bounded flow of electrolyte solution. The electroviscous effect has been studied theoretically in model geometries such as infinite capillaries. However, in more complex geometries a quantification of the electroviscous effect is a non-trival task due to strong non-linarites of the underlying equations. In general, one has to rely on numerical methods. Here we present numerical studies of the full three-dimensional steady state Stokes-Poisson-Nernst-Planck problem in order to model electrolyte transport in artificial porous samples. The simulations are performed using the finite element method. From the simulation, we quantity how the electroviscous effect changes the general flow permeability in complex three-dimensional porous media. The porous media we consider are mostly generated artificially by connecting randomly dispersed cylindrical pores. Furthermore, we present results of electric driven two-phase immiscible flow in two dimensions. The simulations are performed by augmenting the above equations with a phase field model to handle and track the interaction between the two fluids (using parameters corresponding to oil-water interfaces, where oil non-polar). In particular, we consider the electro-osmotic effect on imbibition due to charged walls and electrolyte-solution.

Robustness and structure of complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Shuai

This dissertation covers the two major parts of my PhD research on statistical physics and complex networks: i) modeling a new type of attack -- localized attack, and investigating robustness of complex networks under this type of attack; ii) discovering the clustering structure in complex networks and its influence on the robustness of coupled networks. Complex networks appear in every aspect of our daily life and are widely studied in Physics, Mathematics, Biology, and Computer Science. One important property of complex networks is their robustness under attacks, which depends crucially on the nature of attacks and the structure of the networks themselves. Previous studies have focused on two types of attack: random attack and targeted attack, which, however, are insufficient to describe many real-world damages. Here we propose a new type of attack -- localized attack, and study the robustness of complex networks under this type of attack, both analytically and via simulation. On the other hand, we also study the clustering structure in the network, and its influence on the robustness of a complex network system. In the first part, we propose a theoretical framework to study the robustness of complex networks under localized attack based on percolation theory and generating function method. We investigate the percolation properties, including the critical threshold of the phase transition pc and the size of the giant component Pinfinity. We compare localized attack with random attack and find that while random regular (RR) networks are more robust against localized attack, Erdoḧs-Renyi (ER) networks are equally robust under both types of attacks. As for scale-free (SF) networks, their robustness depends crucially on the degree exponent lambda. The simulation results show perfect agreement with theoretical predictions. We also test our model on two real-world networks: a peer-to-peer computer network and an airline network, and find that the real-world networks are much more vulnerable to localized attack compared with random attack. In the second part, we extend the tree-like generating function method to incorporating clustering structure in complex networks. We study the robustness of a complex network system, especially a network of networks (NON) with clustering structure in each network. We find that the system becomes less robust as we increase the clustering coefficient of each network. For a partially dependent network system, we also find that the influence of the clustering coefficient on network robustness decreases as we decrease the coupling strength, and the critical coupling strength qc, at which the first-order phase transition changes to second-order, increases as we increase the clustering coefficient.

A novel complete-case analysis to determine statistical significance between treatments in an intention-to-treat population of randomized clinical trials involving missing data.

PubMed

Liu, Wei; Ding, Jinhui

2018-04-01

The application of the principle of the intention-to-treat (ITT) to the analysis of clinical trials is challenged in the presence of missing outcome data. The consequences of stopping an assigned treatment in a withdrawn subject are unknown. It is difficult to make a single assumption about missing mechanisms for all clinical trials because there are complicated reactions in the human body to drugs due to the presence of complex biological networks, leading to data missing randomly or non-randomly. Currently there is no statistical method that can tell whether a difference between two treatments in the ITT population of a randomized clinical trial with missing data is significant at a pre-specified level. Making no assumptions about the missing mechanisms, we propose a generalized complete-case (GCC) analysis based on the data of completers. An evaluation of the impact of missing data on the ITT analysis reveals that a statistically significant GCC result implies a significant treatment effect in the ITT population at a pre-specified significance level unless, relative to the comparator, the test drug is poisonous to the non-completers as documented in their medical records. Applications of the GCC analysis are illustrated using literature data, and its properties and limits are discussed.

Weak convergence to isotropic complex [Formula: see text] random measure.

PubMed

Wang, Jun; Li, Yunmeng; Sang, Liheng

2017-01-01

In this paper, we prove that an isotropic complex symmetric α -stable random measure ([Formula: see text]) can be approximated by a complex process constructed by integrals based on the Poisson process with random intensity.

The Method of Randomization for Cluster-Randomized Trials: Challenges of Including Patients with Multiple Chronic Conditions

PubMed Central

Esserman, Denise; Allore, Heather G.; Travison, Thomas G.

2016-01-01

Cluster-randomized clinical trials (CRT) are trials in which the unit of randomization is not a participant but a group (e.g. healthcare systems or community centers). They are suitable when the intervention applies naturally to the cluster (e.g. healthcare policy); when lack of independence among participants may occur (e.g. nursing home hygiene); or when it is most ethical to apply an intervention to all within a group (e.g. school-level immunization). Because participants in the same cluster receive the same intervention, CRT may approximate clinical practice, and may produce generalizable findings. However, when not properly designed or interpreted, CRT may induce biased results. CRT designs have features that add complexity to statistical estimation and inference. Chief among these is the cluster-level correlation in response measurements induced by the randomization. A critical consideration is the experimental unit of inference; often it is desirable to consider intervention effects at the level of the individual rather than the cluster. Finally, given that the number of clusters available may be limited, simple forms of randomization may not achieve balance between intervention and control arms at either the cluster- or participant-level. In non-clustered clinical trials, balance of key factors may be easier to achieve because the sample can be homogenous by exclusion of participants with multiple chronic conditions (MCC). CRTs, which are often pragmatic, may eschew such restrictions. Failure to account for imbalance may induce bias and reducing validity. This article focuses on the complexities of randomization in the design of CRTs, such as the inclusion of patients with MCC, and imbalances in covariate factors across clusters. PMID:27478520

Assessing randomness and complexity in human motion trajectories through analysis of symbolic sequences

PubMed Central

Peng, Zhen; Genewein, Tim; Braun, Daniel A.

2014-01-01

Complexity is a hallmark of intelligent behavior consisting both of regular patterns and random variation. To quantitatively assess the complexity and randomness of human motion, we designed a motor task in which we translated subjects' motion trajectories into strings of symbol sequences. In the first part of the experiment participants were asked to perform self-paced movements to create repetitive patterns, copy pre-specified letter sequences, and generate random movements. To investigate whether the degree of randomness can be manipulated, in the second part of the experiment participants were asked to perform unpredictable movements in the context of a pursuit game, where they received feedback from an online Bayesian predictor guessing their next move. We analyzed symbol sequences representing subjects' motion trajectories with five common complexity measures: predictability, compressibility, approximate entropy, Lempel-Ziv complexity, as well as effective measure complexity. We found that subjects' self-created patterns were the most complex, followed by drawing movements of letters and self-paced random motion. We also found that participants could change the randomness of their behavior depending on context and feedback. Our results suggest that humans can adjust both complexity and regularity in different movement types and contexts and that this can be assessed with information-theoretic measures of the symbolic sequences generated from movement trajectories. PMID:24744716

Auditory spatial attention to speech and complex non-speech sounds in children with autism spectrum disorder.

PubMed

Soskey, Laura N; Allen, Paul D; Bennetto, Loisa

2017-08-01

One of the earliest observable impairments in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a failure to orient to speech and other social stimuli. Auditory spatial attention, a key component of orienting to sounds in the environment, has been shown to be impaired in adults with ASD. Additionally, specific deficits in orienting to social sounds could be related to increased acoustic complexity of speech. We aimed to characterize auditory spatial attention in children with ASD and neurotypical controls, and to determine the effect of auditory stimulus complexity on spatial attention. In a spatial attention task, target and distractor sounds were played randomly in rapid succession from speakers in a free-field array. Participants attended to a central or peripheral location, and were instructed to respond to target sounds at the attended location while ignoring nearby sounds. Stimulus-specific blocks evaluated spatial attention for simple non-speech tones, speech sounds (vowels), and complex non-speech sounds matched to vowels on key acoustic properties. Children with ASD had significantly more diffuse auditory spatial attention than neurotypical children when attending front, indicated by increased responding to sounds at adjacent non-target locations. No significant differences in spatial attention emerged based on stimulus complexity. Additionally, in the ASD group, more diffuse spatial attention was associated with more severe ASD symptoms but not with general inattention symptoms. Spatial attention deficits have important implications for understanding social orienting deficits and atypical attentional processes that contribute to core deficits of ASD. Autism Res 2017, 10: 1405-1416. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Multi-disease analysis of maternal antibody decay using non-linear mixed models accounting for censoring.

PubMed

Goeyvaerts, Nele; Leuridan, Elke; Faes, Christel; Van Damme, Pierre; Hens, Niel

2015-09-10

Biomedical studies often generate repeated measures of multiple outcomes on a set of subjects. It may be of interest to develop a biologically intuitive model for the joint evolution of these outcomes while assessing inter-subject heterogeneity. Even though it is common for biological processes to entail non-linear relationships, examples of multivariate non-linear mixed models (MNMMs) are still fairly rare. We contribute to this area by jointly analyzing the maternal antibody decay for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella, allowing for a different non-linear decay model for each infectious disease. We present a general modeling framework to analyze multivariate non-linear longitudinal profiles subject to censoring, by combining multivariate random effects, non-linear growth and Tobit regression. We explore the hypothesis of a common infant-specific mechanism underlying maternal immunity using a pairwise correlated random-effects approach and evaluating different correlation matrix structures. The implied marginal correlation between maternal antibody levels is estimated using simulations. The mean duration of passive immunity was less than 4 months for all diseases with substantial heterogeneity between infants. The maternal antibody levels against rubella and varicella were found to be positively correlated, while little to no correlation could be inferred for the other disease pairs. For some pairs, computational issues occurred with increasing correlation matrix complexity, which underlines the importance of further developing estimation methods for MNMMs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

On Statistics of Bi-Orthogonal Eigenvectors in Real and Complex Ginibre Ensembles: Combining Partial Schur Decomposition with Supersymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fyodorov, Yan V.

2018-06-01

We suggest a method of studying the joint probability density (JPD) of an eigenvalue and the associated `non-orthogonality overlap factor' (also known as the `eigenvalue condition number') of the left and right eigenvectors for non-selfadjoint Gaussian random matrices of size {N× N} . First we derive the general finite N expression for the JPD of a real eigenvalue {λ} and the associated non-orthogonality factor in the real Ginibre ensemble, and then analyze its `bulk' and `edge' scaling limits. The ensuing distribution is maximally heavy-tailed, so that all integer moments beyond normalization are divergent. A similar calculation for a complex eigenvalue z and the associated non-orthogonality factor in the complex Ginibre ensemble is presented as well and yields a distribution with the finite first moment. Its `bulk' scaling limit yields a distribution whose first moment reproduces the well-known result of Chalker and Mehlig (Phys Rev Lett 81(16):3367-3370, 1998), and we provide the `edge' scaling distribution for this case as well. Our method involves evaluating the ensemble average of products and ratios of integer and half-integer powers of characteristic polynomials for Ginibre matrices, which we perform in the framework of a supersymmetry approach. Our paper complements recent studies by Bourgade and Dubach (The distribution of overlaps between eigenvectors of Ginibre matrices, 2018. arXiv:1801.01219).

Evidence of Deterministic Components in the Apparent Randomness of GRBs: Clues of a Chaotic Dynamic

PubMed Central

Greco, G.; Rosa, R.; Beskin, G.; Karpov, S.; Romano, L.; Guarnieri, A.; Bartolini, C.; Bedogni, R.

2011-01-01

Prompt γ-ray emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit a vast range of extremely complex temporal structures with a typical variability time-scale significantly short – as fast as milliseconds. This work aims to investigate the apparent randomness of the GRB time profiles making extensive use of nonlinear techniques combining the advanced spectral method of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) with the classical tools provided by the Chaos Theory. Despite their morphological complexity, we detect evidence of a non stochastic short-term variability during the overall burst duration – seemingly consistent with a chaotic behavior. The phase space portrait of such variability shows the existence of a well-defined strange attractor underlying the erratic prompt emission structures. This scenario can shed new light on the ultra-relativistic processes believed to take place in GRB explosions and usually associated with the birth of a fast-spinning magnetar or accretion of matter onto a newly formed black hole. PMID:22355609

Evidence of deterministic components in the apparent randomness of GRBs: clues of a chaotic dynamic.

PubMed

Greco, G; Rosa, R; Beskin, G; Karpov, S; Romano, L; Guarnieri, A; Bartolini, C; Bedogni, R

2011-01-01

Prompt γ-ray emissions from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) exhibit a vast range of extremely complex temporal structures with a typical variability time-scale significantly short - as fast as milliseconds. This work aims to investigate the apparent randomness of the GRB time profiles making extensive use of nonlinear techniques combining the advanced spectral method of the Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) with the classical tools provided by the Chaos Theory. Despite their morphological complexity, we detect evidence of a non stochastic short-term variability during the overall burst duration - seemingly consistent with a chaotic behavior. The phase space portrait of such variability shows the existence of a well-defined strange attractor underlying the erratic prompt emission structures. This scenario can shed new light on the ultra-relativistic processes believed to take place in GRB explosions and usually associated with the birth of a fast-spinning magnetar or accretion of matter onto a newly formed black hole.

An amorphous titanium dioxide metal insulator metal selector device for resistive random access memory crossbar arrays with tunable voltage margin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortese, Simone; Khiat, Ali; Carta, Daniela; Light, Mark E.; Prodromakis, Themistoklis

2016-01-01

Resistive random access memory (ReRAM) crossbar arrays have become one of the most promising candidates for next-generation non volatile memories. To become a mature technology, the sneak path current issue must be solved without compromising all the advantages that crossbars offer in terms of electrical performances and fabrication complexity. Here, we present a highly integrable access device based on nickel and sub-stoichiometric amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2-x), in a metal insulator metal crossbar structure. The high voltage margin of 3 V, amongst the highest reported for monolayer selector devices, and the good current density of 104 A/cm2 make it suitable to sustain ReRAM read and write operations, effectively tackling sneak currents in crossbars without compromising fabrication complexity in a 1 Selector 1 Resistor (1S1R) architecture. Furthermore, the voltage margin is found to be tunable by an annealing step without affecting the device's characteristics.

The cost of preoperative urodynamics: A secondary analysis of the ValUE trial.

PubMed

Norton, Peggy A; Nager, Charles W; Brubaker, Linda; Lemack, Gary E; Sirls, Larry T; Holley, Robert; Chai, Toby C; Kraus, Stephen R; Zyczynski, Halina; Smith, Bridget; Stoddard, Anne

2016-01-01

Urodynamic studies (UDS) are generally recommended prior to surgical treatment for stress urinary incontinence (SUI), despite insufficient evidence that it impacts treatment plans or outcomes in patients with uncomplicated SUI. This analysis aimed to calculate the cost incurred when UDS was performed as a supplement to a basic office evaluation and to extrapolate the potential savings of not doing UDS in this patient population on a national basis. This is a secondary analysis from the Value of Urodynamic Evaluation (ValUE) trial, a multicenter non-inferiority randomized trial to determine whether a basic office evaluation (OE) is non-inferior in terms of SUI surgery outcomes to office evaluation with addition of urodynamic studies (UDS). All participants underwent an OE; those patients who randomized to supplementary UDS underwent non-instrumented uroflowmetry, filling cystometry, and a pressure flow study. Costs associated with UDS were calculated using 2014 U.S. Medicare allowable fees. Models using various patient populations and payor mixes were created to obtain a range of potential costs of performing UDS in patients undergoing SUI surgery annually in the United States. Six hundred thirty women were randomized to OE or OE plus UDS. There was no difference in surgical outcomes between the two groups. The per patient cost of UDS varied from site to site, and included complex cystometrogram $314-$343 (CPT codes 51728-51729) plus complex uroflowmetry $16 (CPT code 51741). Extrapolating these costs for US women similar to our study population, 13-33 million US dollars could be saved annually by not performing preoperative urodynamics. For women with uncomplicated SUI and a confirmatory preoperative basic office evaluation, tens of millions of dollars US could be saved annually by not performing urodynamic testing. In the management of such women, eliminating this preoperative test has a major economic benefit. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Small Modifications to Network Topology Can Induce Stochastic Bistable Spiking Dynamics in a Balanced Cortical Model

PubMed Central

McDonnell, Mark D.; Ward, Lawrence M.

2014-01-01

Abstract Directed random graph models frequently are used successfully in modeling the population dynamics of networks of cortical neurons connected by chemical synapses. Experimental results consistently reveal that neuronal network topology is complex, however, in the sense that it differs statistically from a random network, and differs for classes of neurons that are physiologically different. This suggests that complex network models whose subnetworks have distinct topological structure may be a useful, and more biologically realistic, alternative to random networks. Here we demonstrate that the balanced excitation and inhibition frequently observed in small cortical regions can transiently disappear in otherwise standard neuronal-scale models of fluctuation-driven dynamics, solely because the random network topology was replaced by a complex clustered one, whilst not changing the in-degree of any neurons. In this network, a small subset of cells whose inhibition comes only from outside their local cluster are the cause of bistable population dynamics, where different clusters of these cells irregularly switch back and forth from a sparsely firing state to a highly active state. Transitions to the highly active state occur when a cluster of these cells spikes sufficiently often to cause strong unbalanced positive feedback to each other. Transitions back to the sparsely firing state rely on occasional large fluctuations in the amount of non-local inhibition received. Neurons in the model are homogeneous in their intrinsic dynamics and in-degrees, but differ in the abundance of various directed feedback motifs in which they participate. Our findings suggest that (i) models and simulations should take into account complex structure that varies for neuron and synapse classes; (ii) differences in the dynamics of neurons with similar intrinsic properties may be caused by their membership in distinctive local networks; (iii) it is important to identify neurons that share physiological properties and location, but differ in their connectivity. PMID:24743633

Hospitalization and catastrophic medical payment: evidence from hospitals located in Tehran.

PubMed

Ghiasvand, Hesam; Sha'baninejad, Hossein; Arab, Mohammad; Rashidian, Arash

2014-07-01

Hospitalized patients constitute the main fraction of users in any health system. Financial burden of reimbursement for received services and cares by these users is sometimes unbearable and may lead to catastrophic medical payments. So, designing and implementing effective health prepayments schemes appear to be an effective governmental intervention to reduce catastrophic medical payments and protect households against it. We aimed to calculate the proportion of hospitalized patients exposed to catastrophic medical payments, its determinant factors and its distribution. We conducted a cross sectional study with 400 samples in five hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among respondents. Data were analyzed by logistic regression and χ(2) statistics. Also, we drew the Lorenz curve and calculated the Gini coefficient in order to present the distribution of catastrophic medical payments burden on different income levels. About 15.05% of patients were exposed to catastrophic medical payments. Also, we found that the educational level of the patient's family head, the sex of the patient's family head, hospitalization day numbers, having made any out of hospital payments linked with the same admission and households annual income levels; were linked with a higher likelihood of exposure to catastrophic medical payments. Also, the Gini coefficient is about 0.8 for catastrophic medical payments distribution. There is a high level of catastrophic medical payments in hospitalized patients. The weakness of economic status of households and the not well designed prepayments schemes on the other hand may lead to this. This paper illustrated a clear picture for catastrophic medical payments at hospital level and suggests applicable notes to Iranian health policymakers and planners.

Inequity in household's capacity to pay and health payments in Tehran-Iran-2013.

PubMed

Rezapour, Aziz; Ebadifard Azar, Farbod; Azami Aghdash, Saber; Tanoomand, Asghar; Ahmadzadeh, Nahal; Sarabi Asiabar, Ali

2015-01-01

Health inequality monitoring especially in Health care financing field is very important. Hence, this study tends to assess the inequality in household's capacity to pay and out-of-pocket health carepaymentsin Tehran metropolis. This cross-sectional study was performed in 2013.Thestudy population was selected by stratified cluster sampling, and they constitute the typical households living in Tehran (2200 households). The required data were collected through questionnaires and analyzed using Excel and Stata v.11. Concentration Index on inequality was used for measuring inequality status in capacity to pay and household payments for health care expenses; and also the concentration index for out-of-pocket payments and capacity to pay was used to determine the extent of inequality. The recall period for inpatient care was one year and 1 month for outpatient. The average of out-of-pocket payments for receiving the outpatient services was determined to be 44.33US$ and for each inpatient1861.11 US$. Concentration index for household's outof- pocket payments for inpatient health care, out-of-pocket payments for outpatient health care and health prepayments were calculated 0.13, -0.10 and -0.11, respectively. Also, concentration index in household's capacity to pay was estimated to be 0.11whichindicatedinequality to the benefit of the rich. The households used financing strategies like savings, borrowing or lending to pay their health care expenditures. According to this study, the poor spend a greater portion of their capacity to pay for outpatient and inpatient health care costs and prepayment, in comparison to the rich. Thus, supporting the vulnerable groups of the society to decrease out-of-pocket payments and increasing the household's capacity to pay through government support in order to improve the household economic potential, must be considered very important.

The dynamics of single protein molecules is non-equilibrium and self-similar over thirteen decades in time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Xiaohu; Hong, Liang; Dean Smith, Micholas; Neusius, Thomas; Cheng, Xiaolin; Smith, Jeremy C.

2016-02-01

Internal motions of proteins are essential to their function. The time dependence of protein structural fluctuations is highly complex, manifesting subdiffusive, non-exponential behaviour with effective relaxation times existing over many decades in time, from ps up to ~102 s (refs ,,,). Here, using molecular dynamics simulations, we show that, on timescales from 10-12 to 10-5 s, motions in single proteins are self-similar, non-equilibrium and exhibit ageing. The characteristic relaxation time for a distance fluctuation, such as inter-domain motion, is observation-time-dependent, increasing in a simple, power-law fashion, arising from the fractal nature of the topology and geometry of the energy landscape explored. Diffusion over the energy landscape follows a non-ergodic continuous time random walk. Comparison with single-molecule experiments suggests that the non-equilibrium self-similar dynamical behaviour persists up to timescales approaching the in vivo lifespan of individual protein molecules.

Social inequality, lifestyles and health - a non-linear canonical correlation analysis based on the approach of Pierre Bourdieu.

PubMed

Grosse Frie, Kirstin; Janssen, Christian

2009-01-01

Based on the theoretical and empirical approach of Pierre Bourdieu, a multivariate non-linear method is introduced as an alternative way to analyse the complex relationships between social determinants and health. The analysis is based on face-to-face interviews with 695 randomly selected respondents aged 30 to 59. Variables regarding socio-economic status, life circumstances, lifestyles, health-related behaviour and health were chosen for the analysis. In order to determine whether the respondents can be differentiated and described based on these variables, a non-linear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was performed. The results can be described on three dimensions; Eigenvalues add up to the fit of 1.444, which can be interpreted as approximately 50 % of explained variance. The three-dimensional space illustrates correspondences between variables and provides a framework for interpretation based on latent dimensions, which can be described by age, education, income and gender. Using non-linear canonical correlation analysis, health characteristics can be analysed in conjunction with socio-economic conditions and lifestyles. Based on Bourdieus theoretical approach, the complex correlations between these variables can be more substantially interpreted and presented.

Punctuated equilibrium dynamics in human communications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Dan; Han, Xiao-Pu; Wei, Zong-Wen; Wang, Bing-Hong

2015-10-01

A minimal model based on network incorporating individual interactions is proposed to study the non-Poisson statistical properties of human behavior: individuals in system interact with their neighbors, the probability of an individual acting correlates to its activity, and all the individuals involved in action will change their activities randomly. The model reproduces varieties of spatial-temporal patterns observed in empirical studies of human daily communications, providing insight into various human activities and embracing a range of realistic social interacting systems, particularly, intriguing bimodal phenomenon. This model bridges priority queueing theory and punctuated equilibrium dynamics, and our modeling and analysis is likely to shed light on non-Poisson phenomena in many complex systems.

Living Organisms Author Their Read-Write Genomes in Evolution

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Evolutionary variations generating phenotypic adaptations and novel taxa resulted from complex cellular activities altering genome content and expression: (i) Symbiogenetic cell mergers producing the mitochondrion-bearing ancestor of eukaryotes and chloroplast-bearing ancestors of photosynthetic eukaryotes; (ii) interspecific hybridizations and genome doublings generating new species and adaptive radiations of higher plants and animals; and, (iii) interspecific horizontal DNA transfer encoding virtually all of the cellular functions between organisms and their viruses in all domains of life. Consequently, assuming that evolutionary processes occur in isolated genomes of individual species has become an unrealistic abstraction. Adaptive variations also involved natural genetic engineering of mobile DNA elements to rewire regulatory networks. In the most highly evolved organisms, biological complexity scales with “non-coding” DNA content more closely than with protein-coding capacity. Coincidentally, we have learned how so-called “non-coding” RNAs that are rich in repetitive mobile DNA sequences are key regulators of complex phenotypes. Both biotic and abiotic ecological challenges serve as triggers for episodes of elevated genome change. The intersections of cell activities, biosphere interactions, horizontal DNA transfers, and non-random Read-Write genome modifications by natural genetic engineering provide a rich molecular and biological foundation for understanding how ecological disruptions can stimulate productive, often abrupt, evolutionary transformations. PMID:29211049

Living Organisms Author Their Read-Write Genomes in Evolution.

PubMed

Shapiro, James A

2017-12-06

Evolutionary variations generating phenotypic adaptations and novel taxa resulted from complex cellular activities altering genome content and expression: (i) Symbiogenetic cell mergers producing the mitochondrion-bearing ancestor of eukaryotes and chloroplast-bearing ancestors of photosynthetic eukaryotes; (ii) interspecific hybridizations and genome doublings generating new species and adaptive radiations of higher plants and animals; and, (iii) interspecific horizontal DNA transfer encoding virtually all of the cellular functions between organisms and their viruses in all domains of life. Consequently, assuming that evolutionary processes occur in isolated genomes of individual species has become an unrealistic abstraction. Adaptive variations also involved natural genetic engineering of mobile DNA elements to rewire regulatory networks. In the most highly evolved organisms, biological complexity scales with "non-coding" DNA content more closely than with protein-coding capacity. Coincidentally, we have learned how so-called "non-coding" RNAs that are rich in repetitive mobile DNA sequences are key regulators of complex phenotypes. Both biotic and abiotic ecological challenges serve as triggers for episodes of elevated genome change. The intersections of cell activities, biosphere interactions, horizontal DNA transfers, and non-random Read-Write genome modifications by natural genetic engineering provide a rich molecular and biological foundation for understanding how ecological disruptions can stimulate productive, often abrupt, evolutionary transformations.

Mapping the local protein interactome of the NuA3 histone acetyltransferase

PubMed Central

Smart, Sherri K; Mackintosh, Samuel G; Edmondson, Ricky D; Taverna, Sean D; Tackett, Alan J

2009-01-01

Protein–protein interactions modulate cellular functions ranging from the activity of enzymes to signal transduction cascades. A technology termed transient isotopic differentiation of interactions as random or targeted (transient I-DIRT) is described for the identification of stable and transient protein–protein interactions in vivo. The procedure combines mild in vivo chemical cross-linking and non-stringent affinity purification to isolate low abundance chromatin-associated protein complexes. Using isotopic labeling and mass spectrometric readout, purified proteins are categorized with respect to the protein ‘bait’ as stable, transient, or contaminant. Here we characterize the local interactome of the chromatin-associated NuA3 histone lysine-acetyltransferase protein complex. We describe transient associations with the yFACT nucleosome assembly complex, RSC chromatin remodeling complex and a nucleosome assembly protein. These novel, physical associations with yFACT, RSC, and Nap1 provide insight into the mechanism of NuA3-associated transcription and chromatin regulation. PMID:19621382

Randomness versus specifics for word-frequency distributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Xiaoyong; Minnhagen, Petter

2016-02-01

The text-length-dependence of real word-frequency distributions can be connected to the general properties of a random book. It is pointed out that this finding has strong implications, when deciding between two conceptually different views on word-frequency distributions, i.e. the specific 'Zipf's-view' and the non-specific 'Randomness-view', as is discussed. It is also noticed that the text-length transformation of a random book does have an exact scaling property precisely for the power-law index γ = 1, as opposed to the Zipf's exponent γ = 2 and the implication of this exact scaling property is discussed. However a real text has γ > 1 and as a consequence γ increases when shortening a real text. The connections to the predictions from the RGF (Random Group Formation) and to the infinite length-limit of a meta-book are also discussed. The difference between 'curve-fitting' and 'predicting' word-frequency distributions is stressed. It is pointed out that the question of randomness versus specifics for the distribution of outcomes in case of sufficiently complex systems has a much wider relevance than just the word-frequency example analyzed in the present work.