Sample records for non-volatile residue nvr

  1. Non-Volatile Residue (NVR) Contamination from Dry Handling and Solvent Cleaning

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sovinski, Marjorie F.

    2009-01-01

    This slide presentation reviews the testing for Non-Volatile Residue contamination transferred to surfaces from handling and solvent cleaning. Included in the presentation is a list of the items tested, formal work instructions dealing with NVR. There is an explanation of the Gravimetric determination method used to test the NVR in a variety of items, i.e., Gloves, Swabs, Garments, Bagging material, film and Wipes. Another method to test for contamination from NVR is the contact transfer method. The use of this method for testing gloves, garments, bagging material and film is explained. Certain equations use in NVR analysis and the use of a database for testing of NVR in consumables are reviewed.

  2. Contamination of Critical Surfaces from NVR Glove Residues Via Dry Handling and Solvent Cleaning

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Sovinski, Marjorie F.

    2004-01-01

    Gloves are often used to prevent the contamination of critical surfaces during handling. The type of glove chosen for use should be the glove that produces the least amount of non-volatile residue (NVR). This paper covers the analysis of polyethylene, nitrile, latex, vinyl, and polyurethane gloves using the contact transfer and gravimetric determination methods covered in the NASA GSFC work instruction Gravimetric Determination and Contact Transfer of Non-volatile Residue (NVR) in Cleanroom Glove Samples, 541-WI-5330.1.21 and in the ASTM Standard E-1731M-95, Standard Test Method for Gravimetric Determination of Non-Volatile Residue from Cleanroom Gloves. The tests performed focus on contamination of critical surfaces at the molecular level. The study found that for the most part, all of the gloves performed equally well in the contact transfer testing. However, the polyethylene gloves performed the best in the gravimetric determination testing, and therefore should be used whenever solvent contact is a possibility. The nitrile gloves may be used as a substitute for latex gloves when latex sensitivity is an issue. The use of vinyl gloves should be avoided, especially if solvent contact is a possibility. A glove database will be established by Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) Code 541 to compile the results from future testing of new gloves and different glove lots.

  3. Characterization of Monomethyihydrazine (MMH) Non-Volatile Residue

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Davis, Chuck; Howard, Philip M.

    2009-01-01

    The Space Shuttle program has a unique propellant purity requirement for determination of nonvolatile residue (NVR) in monomethylhydrazine (MMH). TIis requirement differs from the Military Specification procurement specification by requiring a NVR analysis with a limit of less than or equal to 10 milligrams per liter. In June 2008, a routine MMH replenishment delivery was transferred into a NASA KSC owned tanker for future delivery to the Space Shuffle pad MMH storage tank. Per Shuffle standard operating procedure, the receiving tanker was sampled and analyzed for purity and surprisingly it failed the Shuttle use NVR specification limit. Detailed examination of the NVR revealed that it was fundamentally different than the typical MMH NVR. This paper will examine various aspects of NVR determination in MMH and the analytical characterization processes used to identify the NVR.

  4. High sensitivity real-time NVR monitor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bowers, William D. (Inventor); Chuan, Raymond L. (Inventor)

    1997-01-01

    A real time non-volatile residue (NVR) monitor, which utilizes surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators to detect molecular contamination in a given environment. The SAW resonators operate at a resonant frequency of approximately 200 MHz-2,000 MHz which enables the NVR monitor to detect molecular contamination on the order of 10.sup.-11 g-cm.sup.-2 to 10.sup.-13 g-cm.sup.2. The NVR monitor utilizes active temperature control of (SAW) resonators to achieve a stable resonant frequency. The temperature control system of the NVR monitor is able to directly heat and cool the SAW resonators utilizing a thermoelectric element to maintain the resonators at a present temperature independent of the environmental conditions. In order to enable the direct heating and cooling of the SAW resonators, the SAW resonators are operatively mounted to a heat sink. In one embodiment, the heat sink is located in between the SAW resonators and an electronic circuit board which contains at least a portion of the SAW control electronics. The electrical leads of the SAW resonators are connected through the heat sink to the circuit board via an electronic path which prevents inaccurate frequency measurement.

  5. A high sensitivity real-time NVR monitor. [Nonvolatile Residue

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bowers, William D.; Chuan, R. L.

    1992-01-01

    The use of a temperature-controlled 200-MHz SAW resonator piezoelectric mass microbalance to monitor the mass of nonvolatile residue (NVR) deposited on its surface in real time is reported. The fundamental frequency of this device is mainly dependent on the configuration of the transducers and not on the thickness of the substrate. Therefore, higher operating frequencies can be achieved without reducing the thickness of the crystal. The real-time instrument was integrated onto a conventional stainless steel NVR plate and operated flawlessly over a 14-d period at Kennedy Space Center and successfully measured less than 1 ng/sq cm d NVR contamination. Contamination episodes detected by the instrument were correlated with scheduled activities on the test stand. Under the assumption of a baseline noise level of +/- 2 Hz, the absolute mass lower limit of detection would be 0.065 ng/sq cm. This would enable the detection of a daily NVR deposition rate of less than 0.1 ng/sq cm d.

  6. Method for the Collection, Gravimetric and Chemical Analysis of Nonvolatile Residue (NVR) on Surfaces

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gordon, Keith; Rutherford, Gugu; Aranda, Denisse

    2017-01-01

    Nonvolatile residue (NVR), sometimes referred to as molecular contamination is the term used for the total composition of the inorganic and high boiling point organic components in particulates and molecular films deposited on critical surfaces surrounding space structures, with the particulate and NVR contamination originating primarily from pre-launch operations. The "nonvolatile" suggestion from the terminology NVR implies that the collected residue will not experience much loss under ambient conditions. NVR has been shown to have a dramatic impact on the ability to perform optical measurements from platforms based in space. Such contaminants can be detected early by the controlled application of various detection techniques and contamination analyses. Contamination analyses are the techniques used to determine if materials, components, and subsystems can be expected to meet the performance requirements of a system. Of particular concern is the quantity of NVR contaminants that might be deposited on critical payload surfaces from these sources. Subsequent chemical analysis of the contaminant samples by infrared spectroscopy and gas chromatography mass spectrometry identifies the components, gives semi-quantitative estimates of contaminant thickness, indicates possible sources of the NVR, and provides guidance for effective cleanup procedures. In this report, a method for the collection and determination of the mass of NVR was generated by the authors at NASA Langley Research Center. This report describes the method developed and implemented for collecting NVR contaminants, and procedures for gravimetric and chemical analysis of the residue obtained. The result of this NVR analysis collaboration will help pave the way for Langley's ability to certify flight hardware outgassing requirements in support of flight projects such as Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment III (SAGE III), Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES), Materials International

  7. Analysis of Nonvolatile Residue (NVR) from Spacecraft Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Colony, J. A.

    1985-01-01

    Organic contamination on critical spacecraft surfaces can cause electronic problems, serious attenuation of various optical signals, thermal control changes, and adhesion problems. Such contaminants can be detected early by the controlled use of witness mirrors, witness plates, wipe sampling, or direct solvent extraction. Each method requires careful control of variables of technique and materials to attain the ultimate sensitivities inherent to that procedure. Subsequent chemical analysis of the contaminant sample by infrared and mass spectrometry identifies the components, gives semiquantitative estimates of contaminant thickness, indicates possible sources of the nonvolatile residue (NVR), and provides guidance for effective cleanup procedures.

  8. NVR Home Page

    Science.gov Websites

    Internet Explorer. Please use the latest version of Internet Explorer for full functionality. CVN 69 NVR Online The NVR is a product of the NAVSEA Shipbuilding Support Office (NAVSHIPSO) In cooperation with Group (NAVSEA 05C) Images Courtesy of US Navy Photos and the US Navy Fact File Naval Sea Systems Command

  9. NVR-BIP: Nuclear Vector Replacement using Binary Integer Programming for NMR Structure-Based Assignments.

    PubMed

    Apaydin, Mehmet Serkan; Çatay, Bülent; Patrick, Nicholas; Donald, Bruce R

    2011-05-01

    Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is an important experimental technique that allows one to study protein structure and dynamics in solution. An important bottleneck in NMR protein structure determination is the assignment of NMR peaks to the corresponding nuclei. Structure-based assignment (SBA) aims to solve this problem with the help of a template protein which is homologous to the target and has applications in the study of structure-activity relationship, protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions. We formulate SBA as a linear assignment problem with additional nuclear overhauser effect constraints, which can be solved within nuclear vector replacement's (NVR) framework (Langmead, C., Yan, A., Lilien, R., Wang, L. and Donald, B. (2003) A Polynomial-Time Nuclear Vector Replacement Algorithm for Automated NMR Resonance Assignments. Proc. the 7th Annual Int. Conf. Research in Computational Molecular Biology (RECOMB) , Berlin, Germany, April 10-13, pp. 176-187. ACM Press, New York, NY. J. Comp. Bio. , (2004), 11, pp. 277-298; Langmead, C. and Donald, B. (2004) An expectation/maximization nuclear vector replacement algorithm for automated NMR resonance assignments. J. Biomol. NMR , 29, 111-138). Our approach uses NVR's scoring function and data types and also gives the option of using CH and NH residual dipolar coupling (RDCs), instead of NH RDCs which NVR requires. We test our technique on NVR's data set as well as on four new proteins. Our results are comparable to NVR's assignment accuracy on NVR's test set, but higher on novel proteins. Our approach allows partial assignments. It is also complete and can return the optimum as well as near-optimum assignments. Furthermore, it allows us to analyze the information content of each data type and is easily extendable to accept new forms of input data, such as additional RDCs.

  10. Ammonia volatilization from crop residues and frozen green manure crops

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Ruijter, F. J.; Huijsmans, J. F. M.; Rutgers, B.

    2010-09-01

    Agricultural systems can lose substantial amounts of nitrogen (N). To protect the environment, the European Union (EU) has adopted several directives that set goals to limit N losses. National Emission Ceilings (NEC) are prescribed in the NEC directive for nitrogen oxides and ammonia. Crop residues may contribute to ammonia volatilization, but sufficient information on their contribution to the national ammonia volatilization is lacking. Experiments were carried out with the aim to assess the ammonia volatilization of crop residues left on the soil surface or incorporated into the soil under the conditions met in practice in the Netherlands during late autumn and winter. Ammonia emission from residues of broccoli, leek, sugar beet, cut grass, fodder radish (fresh and frozen) and yellow mustard (frozen) was studied during two winter seasons using volatilization chambers. Residues were either placed on top of soil or mixed with soil. Mixing residues with soil gave insignificant ammonia volatilization, whereas volatilization was 5-16 percent of the N content of residues when placed on top of soil. Ammonia volatilization started after at least 4 days. Total ammonia volatilization was related to C/N-ratio and N concentration of the plant material. After 37 days, cumulative ammonia volatilization was negligible from plant material with N concentration below 2 percent, and was 10 percent of the N content of plant material with 4 percent N. These observations can be explained by decomposition of plant material by micro-organisms. After an initial built up of the microbial population, NH 4+ that is not needed for their own growth is released and can easily emit as NH 3 at the soil surface. The results of the experiments were used to estimate the contribution of crop residues to ammonia volatilization in the Netherlands. Crop residues of arable crops and residues of pasture topping may contribute more than 3 million kg NH 3-N to the national ammonia volatilization of the

  11. Cleanroom Contaminant Monitor

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1997-01-01

    Under a Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) contract from Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Femtometrics, Inc. developed the Real-Time Non-Volatile Residue (NVR) monitor. Criteria established by KSC called for a technology that could regulate the accumulation of nonvolatile residues in cleanroom environments. The company accommodated the Center's need with an advanced, highly sensitive surface acoustic wave (SAW) microsensor capable of detecting sub-monolayer deposition in cleanrooms where aerospace systems are assembled. Years earlier, Femtometrics responded to and received SBIR contracts from Langley Research Center for highly sensitive aerosol detectors for environmental researchers. Stimulated by the SBIR wins, the company set about to develop the SAW resonator technology. A new type of sensor has evolved from the research, one that has the ability to measure a range of chemical vapors by applying chemical-specific coating on the sensing surface. Commercial applications of the Real-Time NVR include Class 1 cleanrooms at semiconductor and hard-disk manufacturing plants.

  12. Solvent residue content measured by light scattering technique

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Salkowski, M. J.; Werle, D. K.

    1966-01-01

    Photometric analyzer measures NVR /nonvolatile residue/ in trichloroethylene and other organic solvents. The analyzer converts the liquid solvent to aerosol and passes it between an optically focused light beam and a photodetector that is connected to standard amplifying and readout equipment.

  13. Securing non-volatile memory regions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Faraboschi, Paolo; Ranganathan, Parthasarathy; Muralimanohar, Naveen

    Methods, apparatus and articles of manufacture to secure non-volatile memory regions are disclosed. An example method disclosed herein comprises associating a first key pair and a second key pair different than the first key pair with a process, using the first key pair to secure a first region of a non-volatile memory for the process, and using the second key pair to secure a second region of the non-volatile memory for the same process, the second region being different than the first region.

  14. Aerosol volatility in a boreal forest environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Häkkinen, S. A. K.; ńijälä, M.; Lehtipalo, K.; Junninen, H.; Virkkula, A.; Worsnop, D. R.; Kulmala, M.; Petäjä, T.; Riipinen, I.

    2012-04-01

    Climate and health effects of atmospheric aerosols are determined by their properties such as their chemical composition. Aerosol chemical composition can be studied indirectly by measuring volatility of aerosol particles. The volatility of submicron aerosol particles (20-500 nm) was studied in a boreal forest site at SMEAR II (Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations II) station (Vesala et al., 1998) in Hyytiälä, Finland, during 01/2008-05/2010. The instrument used for the measurements was VDMPS (Volatility Differential Mobility Particle Sizer), which consists of two separate instruments: DMPS (Differential Mobility Particle Sizer, Aalto et al., 2001) and TD (Thermodenuder, Wehner et al., 2002). Aerosol evaporation was examined by heating the aerosol and comparing the total aerosol mass before and after heating. In the VDMPS system ambient aerosol sample was heated up to temperatures ranging from 80 °C to 280 °C. The higher the heating temperature was the more aerosol material was evaporated. There was a non-volatile residual present in aerosol particles when heated up to 280 °C. This residual explained (20±8)% of the total aerosol mass. Aerosol non-volatile mass fraction was highest during winter and smallest during summer months. The role of black carbon in the observed non-volatile residual was determined. Black carbon explained 40 to 90% of the non-volatile mass. Especially during colder seasons noticeable amount of non-volatile material, something else than black carbon, was observed. According to Kalberer et al. (2004) some atmospheric organic species can form polymers that have high evaporation temperatures. Also low-volatile organic salts may contribute to the non-volatile aerosol (Smith et al., 2010). Aerosol mass composition measured directly with AMS (Aerosol Mass Spectrometer, Jayne et al., 2000) was analyzed in order to examine the properties of the non-volatile material (other than black carbon). The AMS measurements were performed

  15. Exploring Surface Analysis Techniques for the Detection of Molecular Contaminants on Spacecraft

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rutherford, Gugu N.; Seasly, Elaine; Thornblom, Mark; Baughman, James

    2016-01-01

    Molecular contamination is a known area of concern for spacecraft. To mitigate this risk, projects involving space flight hardware set requirements in a contamination control plan that establishes an allocation budget for the exposure of non-volatile residues (NVR) onto critical surfaces. The purpose of this work will focus on non-contact surface analysis and in situ monitoring to mitigate molecular contamination on space flight hardware. By using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) with Raman Spectroscopy, an unlikely contaminant was identified on space flight hardware. Using traditional and surface analysis methods provided the broader view of the contamination sources allowing for best fit solutions to prevent any future exposure.

  16. Precision Cleaning Verification of Fluid Components by Air/Water Impingement and Total Carbon Analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barile, Ronald G.; Fogarty, Chris; Cantrell, Chris; Melton, Gregory S.

    1995-01-01

    NASA personnel at Kennedy Space Center's Material Science Laboratory have developed new environmentally sound precision cleaning and verification techniques for systems and components found at the center. This technology is required to replace existing methods traditionally employing CFC-113. The new patent-pending technique of precision cleaning verification is for large components of cryogenic fluid systems. These are stainless steel, sand cast valve bodies with internal surface areas ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 m(exp 2). Extrapolation of this technique to components of even larger sizes (by orders of magnitude) is planned. Currently, the verification process is completely manual. In the new technique, a high velocity, low volume water stream impacts the part to be verified. This process is referred to as Breathing Air/Water Impingement and forms the basis for the Impingement Verification System (IVS). The system is unique in that a gas stream is used to accelerate the water droplets to high speeds. Water is injected into the gas stream in a small, continuous amount. The air/water mixture is then passed through a converging-diverging nozzle where the gas is accelerated to supersonic velocities. These droplets impart sufficient energy to the precision cleaned surface to place non-volatile residue (NVR) contaminants into suspension in the water. The sample water is collected and its NVR level is determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis at 880 C. The TOC, in ppm carbon, is used to establish the NVR level. A correlation between the present gravimetric CFC-113 NVR and the IVS NVR is found from experimental sensitivity factors measured for various contaminants. The sensitivity has the units of ppm of carbon per mg-ft(exp 2) of contaminant. In this paper, the equipment is described and data are presented showing the development of the sensitivity factors from a test set including four NVR's impinged from witness plates of 0.05 to 0.75 m(exp 2).

  17. Aging Effects of Environmentally-Friendly Cleaners on Adhesive Bond Integrity

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Biegert, L. L.; Anderson, G. L.; Evans, K. B.; Olsen, B. D.; Weber, B. L.; McCool, A. A. (Technical Monitor)

    2000-01-01

    Because of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendment many chlorinated solvents are being phased out of use in manufacturing industries. Replacement of the ODC (ozone- depleting chemicals) with less volatile, non-ozone depleting cleaners has been extensively studied over the past nine years at Thiokol Propulsion, Cordant Technologies. Many of the non-ODC cleaners contain compounds that can potentially degrade over time under conditions of high temperature, humidity and exposure to light. The chemical composition of environmentally conditioned cleaners and the subsequent effect on aluminum/amine-cured epoxy bond integrity as measured by Tapered Double Cantilever Beam were evaluated. From this study it is observed that moisture content increases for those cleaners containing polar compounds. Non-volatile residue content increases as stabilizers are depleted and the chemical compound limonene is oxidized. A change in aluminum/ amine-cured epoxy bond fracture toughness is observed as some of these cleaners age with increases in moisture and NVR content.

  18. Chemical Aging of Environmentally Friendly Cleaners

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Biegert, L. L.; Evans, K. B.; Olsen, B. D.; Weber, B. L.

    2001-01-01

    Use of cleaners in the manufacturing area demands bottles that will hold a sufficient amount of material and allow for easy and controlled dispensing by the operator without contamination or material leaching from the bottle. The manufacturing storage conditions are also a factor that may affect cleaner chemical integrity and its potential to leave a residue on the part. A variety of squeeze bottles stored in mild (72 F, 10% R.H., dark) and harsh (105 F, 50% R.H., fluorescent lighting) conditions were evaluated to determine the effect of environment and bottle exposure on ozone depleting chemicals (ODC) cleaners chemical composition. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bottles were found to be quite permeable to all the cleaners evaluated in this study indicating this bottle type should not be used in the manufacturing area. Fluorinated Polyethylene (FLPE) bottles showed little cleaner loss and change in cleaner chemical composition over time suggesting these bottles would be acceptable for use. Chemical analysis indicates limonene containing cleaners show increased non-volatile residue (NVR) content with storage under harsh conditions. Some cleaners use BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) as stabilizer and to protect against limonene oxidation. Under harsh conditions, BHT was quickly depleted resulting in higher NVR levels.

  19. Chemical Aging of Environmentally Friendly Cleaners

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Evans, K.; Biegert, L.; Olsen, B.; Weber, B.; McCool, Alex (Technical Monitor)

    2001-01-01

    Use of cleaners in the manufacturing area demands bottles that will hold a sufficient amount of material and allow for easy and controlled dispensing by the operator without contamination or material leaching from the bottle. The manufacturing storage conditions are also a factor that may affect cleaner chemical integrity and its potential to leave a residue on the part. A variety of squeeze bottles stored in mild (72 F, 10 % R.H., dark) and harsh (105 F, 50 % R.H., fluorescent lighting) conditions were evaluated to determine the effect of environment and bottle exposure on the chemical composition of TCA (1,1,1 trichloroethane) replacement solvents. Low Density Polyethylene (LDPE) bottles were found to be quite permeable to all the cleaners evaluated in this study indicating this bottle type should not be used in the manufacturing area. Fluorinated Polyethylene (FLPE) bottles showed little cleaner loss and change in cleaner chemical composition over time suggesting these bottles would be acceptable for use. Chemical analysis indicates limonene-containing cleaners show increased non-volatile residue (NVR) content with storage under harsh conditions. Some cleaners use BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) as stabilizer and to protect against limonene oxidation. Under harsh conditions, BHT was quickly depleted resulting in higher NVR levels.

  20. Volatile and non-volatile/semi-volatile compounds and in vitro bioactive properties of Chilean Ulmo (Eucryphia cordifolia Cav.) honey.

    PubMed

    Acevedo, Francisca; Torres, Paulina; Oomah, B Dave; de Alencar, Severino Matias; Massarioli, Adna Prado; Martín-Venegas, Raquel; Albarral-Ávila, Vicenta; Burgos-Díaz, César; Ferrer, Ruth; Rubilar, Mónica

    2017-04-01

    Ulmo honey originating from Eucryphia cordifolia tree, known locally in the Araucania region as the Ulmo tree is a natural product with valuable nutritional and medicinal qualities. It has been used in the Mapuche culture to treat infections. This study aimed to identify the volatile and non-volatile/semi-volatile compounds of Ulmo honey and elucidate its in vitro biological properties by evaluating its antioxidant, antibacterial, antiproliferative and hemolytic properties and cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells. Headspace volatiles of Ulmo honey were isolated by solid-phase microextraction (SPME); non-volatiles/semi-volatiles were obtained by removing all saccharides with acidified water and the compounds were identified by GC/MS analysis. Ulmo honey volatiles consisted of 50 compounds predominated by 20 flavor components. Two of the volatile compounds, lyrame and anethol have never been reported before as honey compounds. The non-volatile/semi-volatile components of Ulmo honey comprised 27 compounds including 13 benzene derivatives accounting 75% of the total peak area. Ulmo honey exhibited weak antioxidant activity but strong antibacterial activity particularly against gram-negative bacteria and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), the main strain involved in wounds and skin infections. At concentrations >0.5%, Ulmo honey reduced Caco-2 cell viability, released lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in a dose dependent manner in the presence of foetal bovine serum (FBS). The wide array of volatile and non-volatile/semi-volatile constituents of Ulmo honey rich in benzene derivatives may partly account for its strong antibacterial and antiproliferative properties important for its therapeutic use. Our results indicate that Ulmo honey can potentially inhibit cancer growth at least partly by modulating oxidative stress. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Precision cleaning verification of fluid components by air/water impingement and total carbon analysis

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Barile, Ronald G.; Fogarty, Chris; Cantrell, Chris; Melton, Gregory S.

    1994-01-01

    NASA personnel at Kennedy Space Center's Material Science Laboratory have developed new environmentally sound precision cleaning and verification techniques for systems and components found at the center. This technology is required to replace existing methods traditionally employing CFC-113. The new patent-pending technique of precision cleaning verification is for large components of cryogenic fluid systems. These are stainless steel, sand cast valve bodies with internal surface areas ranging from 0.2 to 0.9 sq m. Extrapolation of this technique to components of even larger sizes (by orders of magnitude) is planned. Currently, the verification process is completely manual. In the new technique, a high velocity, low volume water stream impacts the part to be verified. This process is referred to as Breathing Air/Water Impingement and forms the basis for the Impingement Verification System (IVS). The system is unique in that a gas stream is used to accelerate the water droplets to high speeds. Water is injected into the gas stream in a small, continuous amount. The air/water mixture is then passed through a converging/diverging nozzle where the gas is accelerated to supersonic velocities. These droplets impart sufficient energy to the precision cleaned surface to place non-volatile residue (NVR) contaminants into suspension in the water. The sample water is collected and its NVR level is determined by total organic carbon (TOC) analysis at 880 C. The TOC, in ppm carbon, is used to establish the NVR level. A correlation between the present gravimetric CFC113 NVR and the IVS NVR is found from experimental sensitivity factors measured for various contaminants. The sensitivity has the units of ppm of carbon per mg/sq ft of contaminant. In this paper, the equipment is described and data are presented showing the development of the sensitivity factors from a test set including four NVRs impinged from witness plates of 0.05 to 0.75 sq m.

  2. Demonstration of Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-06

    WP-201317) Demonstration of Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non -volatile Particulate Matter (PM...Engine Volatile and Non -Volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions 6. AUTHOR(S) E. Corporan, M. DeWitt, C. Klingshirn, M.D. Cheng, R. Miake-Lye, J. Peck...the performance and viability of two devices to condition aircraft turbine engine exhaust to allow the accurate measurement of total (volatile and non

  3. Mechanisms of volatile production from non-sulfur amino acids by irradiation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahn, Dong Uk; Lee, Eun Joo; Feng, Xi; Zhang, Wangang; Lee, Ji Hwan; Jo, Cheorun; Nam, Kichang

    2016-02-01

    Non-sulfur amino acid monomers were used to study the mechanisms of volatile production in meat by irradiation. Irradiation not only produced many volatiles but also increased the amounts of volatiles from non-sulfur amino acid monomers. The major reaction mechanisms involved in volatile production from each group of the amino acids by irradiation differ significantly. However, we speculate that the radiolysis of amino acid side chains were the major mechanism. In addition, Strecker degradation, especially the production of aldehydes from aliphatic group amino acids, and deamination, isomerization, decarboxylation, cyclic reaction and dehydrogenation of the initial radiolytic products were also contributed to the production of volatile compounds. Each amino acid monomers produced different odor characteristics, but the intensities of odor from all non-sulfur amino acid groups were very weak. This indicated that the contribution of volatiles produced from non-sulfur amino acids was minor. If the volatile compounds from non-sulfur amino acids, especially aldehydes, interact with other volatiles compounds such as sulfur compounds, however, they can contribute to the off-odor of irradiated meat significantly.

  4. Demonstration of Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-30

    FINAL REPORT Demonstration of Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (PM...Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions 6. AUTHOR(S) E. Corporan, M...report contains color. 14. ABSTRACT This project consists of demonstrating the performance and viability of two devices to condition aircraft turbine

  5. Implementing Non-violent Resistance, a Method to Cope with Aggression in Child and Adolescent Residential Care: Exploration of Staff Members Experiences.

    PubMed

    van Gink, Kirsten; Visser, Katharina; Popma, Arne; Vermeiren, Robert R J M; van Domburgh, Lieke; van der Stegen, Ber; Jansen, Lucres M C

    2018-06-01

    Staff members in residential care for youth are frequently confronted with aggressive behaviour, which has adverse effects on their stress levels and work satisfaction. This paper describes a qualitative evaluation to find out how staff members benefit from Non-violent Resistance (NVR), a method to create an aggression mitigating residential climate. Staff members were positive about NVR and reported feeling more relaxed. Most valued aspects of this method were the focus on being a team, delayed response and giving up the illusion of control. However, training and the intention to use NVR isn't enough, high quality implementation and maintenance are crucial. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Non-volatile memory for checkpoint storage

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Blumrich, Matthias A.; Chen, Dong; Cipolla, Thomas M.

    A system, method and computer program product for supporting system initiated checkpoints in high performance parallel computing systems and storing of checkpoint data to a non-volatile memory storage device. The system and method generates selective control signals to perform checkpointing of system related data in presence of messaging activity associated with a user application running at the node. The checkpointing is initiated by the system such that checkpoint data of a plurality of network nodes may be obtained even in the presence of user applications running on highly parallel computers that include ongoing user messaging activity. In one embodiment, themore » non-volatile memory is a pluggable flash memory card.« less

  7. Role of Non-Volatile Memories in Automotive and IoT Markets

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2017-03-01

    Role of Non-Volatile Memories in Automotive and IoT Markets Vipin Tiwari Director, Business Development and Product Marketing SST – A Wholly Own...automotive and Internet of Things (IoT) markets . Keywords: Embedded flash; Microcontrollers, Automotive; Internet of Things, IoT; Non-volatile memories...variou s types of non-volatile memories available in the market , bu t the floating-poly based embedded flash memories have been around the longest and

  8. Method for refreshing a non-volatile memory

    DOEpatents

    Riekels, James E.; Schlesinger, Samuel

    2008-11-04

    A non-volatile memory and a method of refreshing a memory are described. The method includes allowing an external system to control refreshing operations within the memory. The memory may generate a refresh request signal and transmit the refresh request signal to the external system. When the external system finds an available time to process the refresh request, the external system acknowledges the refresh request and transmits a refresh acknowledge signal to the memory. The memory may also comprise a page register for reading and rewriting a data state back to the memory. The page register may comprise latches in lieu of supplemental non-volatile storage elements, thereby conserving real estate within the memory.

  9. Carbon nanomaterials for non-volatile memories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ahn, Ethan C.; Wong, H.-S. Philip; Pop, Eric

    2018-03-01

    Carbon can create various low-dimensional nanostructures with remarkable electronic, optical, mechanical and thermal properties. These features make carbon nanomaterials especially interesting for next-generation memory and storage devices, such as resistive random access memory, phase-change memory, spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory and ferroelectric random access memory. Non-volatile memories greatly benefit from the use of carbon nanomaterials in terms of bit density and energy efficiency. In this Review, we discuss sp2-hybridized carbon-based low-dimensional nanostructures, such as fullerene, carbon nanotubes and graphene, in the context of non-volatile memory devices and architectures. Applications of carbon nanomaterials as memory electrodes, interfacial engineering layers, resistive-switching media, and scalable, high-performance memory selectors are investigated. Finally, we compare the different memory technologies in terms of writing energy and time, and highlight major challenges in the manufacturing, integration and understanding of the physical mechanisms and material properties.

  10. Removal of Perfluorinated Grease Components from NTO Oxidizer

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    McClure, Mark B.; Greene, Ben; Johnson, Harry T.

    2004-01-01

    Perfluorinated greases are typically used as a thread lubricant in the assembly of non-welded nitrogen tetroxide (NTO) oxidizer systems. These greases, typically a perfluoroalkylether, with suspended polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) micro-powder, have attractive lubricating properties toward threaded components and are relatively chemically inert toward NTO oxidizers. A major drawback, however, is that perfluoroalkylether greases are soluble or dispersible in NTO oxidizers and can contaminate the propellant. The result is propellant that fails the non-volatile residue (NVR) specification analyses and that may have negative effects on test hardware performance and lifetime. Consequently, removal of the grease contaminants from NTO may be highly desirable. Methods for the removal of perfluorinated grease components from NTO oxidizers including distillation, adsorption, filtration, and adjustment of temperature are investigated and reported in this work. Solubility or dispersibility data for the perfluoroalkylether oil (Krytox(tm)143 AC) component of a perfluorinated grease (Krytox 240 AC) and for Krytox 240 AC in NTO were determined and are reported.

  11. Volatile and non-volatile compounds in green tea affected in harvesting time and their correlation to consumer preference.

    PubMed

    Kim, Youngmok; Lee, Kwang-Geun; Kim, Mina K

    2016-10-01

    Current study was designed to find out how tea harvesting time affects the volatile and non-volatile compounds profiles of green tea. In addition, correlation of instrumental volatile and non-volatile compounds analyses to consumer perception were analyzed. Overall, earlier harvested green tea had stronger antioxidant capacity (~61.0%) due to the polyphenolic compounds from catechin (23,164 mg/L), in comparison to later harvested green teas (11,961 mg/L). However, high catechin content in green tea influenced negatively the consumer likings of green tea, due to high bitterness (27.6%) and astringency (13.4%). Volatile compounds drive consumer liking of green tea products were also identified, that included linalool, 2,3-methyl butanal, 2-heptanone, (E,E)-3,5-Octadien-2-one. Finding from current study are useful for green tea industry as it provide the difference in physiochemical properties of green tea harvested at different intervals.

  12. EDITORIAL: Non-volatile memory based on nanostructures Non-volatile memory based on nanostructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kalinin, Sergei; Yang, J. Joshua; Demming, Anna

    2011-06-01

    Non-volatile memory refers to the crucial ability of computers to store information once the power source has been removed. Traditionally this has been achieved through flash, magnetic computer storage and optical discs, and in the case of very early computers paper tape and punched cards. While computers have advanced considerably from paper and punched card memory devices, there are still limits to current non-volatile memory devices that restrict them to use as secondary storage from which data must be loaded and carefully saved when power is shut off. Denser, faster, low-energy non-volatile memory is highly desired and nanostructures are the critical enabler. This special issue on non-volatile memory based on nanostructures describes some of the new physics and technology that may revolutionise future computers. Phase change random access memory, which exploits the reversible phase change between crystalline and amorphous states, also holds potential for future memory devices. The chalcogenide Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) is a promising material in this field because it combines a high activation energy for crystallization and a relatively low crystallization temperature, as well as a low melting temperature and low conductivity, which accommodates localized heating. Doping is often used to lower the current required to activate the phase change or 'reset' GST but this often aggravates other problems. Now researchers in Korea report in-depth studies of SiO2-doped GST and identify ways of optimising the material's properties for phase-change random access memory [1]. Resistance switching is an area that has attracted a particularly high level of interest for non-volatile memory technology, and a great deal of research has focused on the potential of TiO2 as a model system in this respect. Researchers at HP labs in the US have made notable progress in this field, and among the work reported in this special issue they describe means to control the switch resistance and show

  13. Laboratory measurements of emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from biomass burning in Chinese crop residues

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Inomata, S.; Tanimoto, H.; PAN, X.; Taketani, F.; Komazaki, Y.; Miyakawa, T.; Kanaya, Y.; Wang, Z.

    2014-12-01

    The emission factors (EFs) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from the burning of Chinese crop residue were investigated as a function of modified combustion efficiency by the laboratory experiments. The VOCs including acetonitrile, aldehydes/ketones, furan, and aromatic hydrocarbons were monitored by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. Two samples, wheat straw and rape plant, were burned in dry conditions and for some experiments wheat straw was burned under wet conditions. We compared the present data to the field data reported by Kudo et al. [2014]. The agreement between the field and laboratory data was obtained for aromatics for relatively more smoldering data of dry samples but the field data were slightly underestimated compared with the laboratory data for oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) and acetonitrile. When the EFs from the burning of wet samples were investigated, the underestimations for OVOCs and acetonitrile were improved compared with the data of dry samples. It may be a property of the burning of crop residue in the region of high temperature and high humidity that some inside parts of piled crop residue and/or the crop residue facing on the ground are still wet. But the ratios for acetic acid/glycolaldehyde was still lower than 1. This may suggest that strong loss processes of acetic acid/glycolaldehyde are present in the fresh plume.Kudo S., H. Tanimoto, S. Inomata, S. Saito, X. L. Pan, Y. Kanaya, F. Taketani, Z. F. Wang, H. Chen, H. Dong, M. Zhang, and K. Yamaji (2014), Emissions of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from open crop residue burning in Yangtze River Delta region, China, J. Geophys. Res. Atmos., 119, 7684-7698, doi: 10.1002/2013JD021044.

  14. Dynamics of Metabolite Induction in Fungal Co-cultures by Metabolomics at Both Volatile and Non-volatile Levels

    PubMed Central

    Azzollini, Antonio; Boggia, Lorenzo; Boccard, Julien; Sgorbini, Barbara; Lecoultre, Nicole; Allard, Pierre-Marie; Rubiolo, Patrizia; Rudaz, Serge; Gindro, Katia; Bicchi, Carlo; Wolfender, Jean-Luc

    2018-01-01

    Fungal co-cultivation has emerged as a promising way for activating cryptic biosynthetic pathways and discovering novel antimicrobial metabolites. For the success of such studies, a key element remains the development of standardized co-cultivation methods compatible with high-throughput analytical procedures. To efficiently highlight induction processes, it is crucial to acquire a holistic view of intermicrobial communication at the molecular level. To tackle this issue, a strategy was developed based on the miniaturization of fungal cultures that allows for a concomitant survey of induction phenomena in volatile and non-volatile metabolomes. Fungi were directly grown in vials, and each sample was profiled by head space solid phase microextraction gas chromatography mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), while the corresponding solid culture medium was analyzed by liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) after solvent extraction. This strategy was implemented for the screening of volatile and non-volatile metabolite inductions in an ecologically relevant fungal co-culture of Eutypa lata (Pers.) Tul. & C. Tul. (Diatrypaceae) and Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoemaker (Botryosphaeriaceae), two wood-decaying fungi interacting in the context of esca disease of grapevine. For a comprehensive evaluation of the results, a multivariate data analysis combining Analysis of Variance and Partial Least Squares approaches, namely AMOPLS, was used to explore the complex LC-HRMS and GC-MS datasets and highlight dynamically induced compounds. A time-series study was carried out over 9 days, showing characteristic metabolite induction patterns in both volatile and non-volatile dimensions. Relevant links between the dynamics of expression of specific metabolite production were observed. In addition, the antifungal activity of 2-nonanone, a metabolite incrementally produced over time in the volatile fraction, was assessed against Eutypa lata and

  15. Non-Host Plant Volatiles Disrupt Sex Pheromone Communication in a Specialist Herbivore.

    PubMed

    Wang, Fumin; Deng, Jianyu; Schal, Coby; Lou, Yonggen; Zhou, Guoxin; Ye, Bingbing; Yin, Xiaohui; Xu, Zhihong; Shen, Lize

    2016-09-02

    The ecological effects of plant volatiles on herbivores are manifold. Little is known, however, about the impacts of non-host plant volatiles on intersexual pheromonal communication in specialist herbivores. We tested the effects of several prominent constitutive terpenoids released by conifers and Eucalyptus trees on electrophysiological and behavioral responses of an oligophagous species, Plutella xylostella, which feeds on Brassicaceae. The non-host plant volatile terpenoids adversely affected the calling behavior (pheromone emission) of adult females, and the orientation responses of adult males to sex pheromone were also significantly inhibited by these terpenoids in a wind tunnel and in the field. We suggest that disruption of both pheromone emission and orientation to sex pheromone may explain, at least in part, an observed reduction in herbivore attack in polyculture compared with monoculture plantings. We also propose that mating disruption of both male and female moths with non-host plant volatiles may be a promising alternative pest management strategy.

  16. Non-Host Plant Volatiles Disrupt Sex Pheromone Communication in a Specialist Herbivore

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Fumin; Deng, Jianyu; Schal, Coby; Lou, Yonggen; Zhou, Guoxin; Ye, Bingbing; Yin, Xiaohui; Xu, Zhihong; Shen, Lize

    2016-01-01

    The ecological effects of plant volatiles on herbivores are manifold. Little is known, however, about the impacts of non-host plant volatiles on intersexual pheromonal communication in specialist herbivores. We tested the effects of several prominent constitutive terpenoids released by conifers and Eucalyptus trees on electrophysiological and behavioral responses of an oligophagous species, Plutella xylostella, which feeds on Brassicaceae. The non-host plant volatile terpenoids adversely affected the calling behavior (pheromone emission) of adult females, and the orientation responses of adult males to sex pheromone were also significantly inhibited by these terpenoids in a wind tunnel and in the field. We suggest that disruption of both pheromone emission and orientation to sex pheromone may explain, at least in part, an observed reduction in herbivore attack in polyculture compared with monoculture plantings. We also propose that mating disruption of both male and female moths with non-host plant volatiles may be a promising alternative pest management strategy. PMID:27585907

  17. Non-volatile memory based on the ferroelectric photovoltaic effect

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Rui; You, Lu; Zhou, Yang; Shiuh Lim, Zhi; Zou, Xi; Chen, Lang; Ramesh, R.; Wang, Junling

    2013-01-01

    The quest for a solid state universal memory with high-storage density, high read/write speed, random access and non-volatility has triggered intense research into new materials and novel device architectures. Though the non-volatile memory market is dominated by flash memory now, it has very low operation speed with ~10 μs programming and ~10 ms erasing time. Furthermore, it can only withstand ~105 rewriting cycles, which prevents it from becoming the universal memory. Here we demonstrate that the significant photovoltaic effect of a ferroelectric material, such as BiFeO3 with a band gap in the visible range, can be used to sense the polarization direction non-destructively in a ferroelectric memory. A prototype 16-cell memory based on the cross-bar architecture has been prepared and tested, demonstrating the feasibility of this technique. PMID:23756366

  18. Active non-volatile memory post-processing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kannan, Sudarsun; Milojicic, Dejan S.; Talwar, Vanish

    A computing node includes an active Non-Volatile Random Access Memory (NVRAM) component which includes memory and a sub-processor component. The memory is to store data chunks received from a processor core, the data chunks comprising metadata indicating a type of post-processing to be performed on data within the data chunks. The sub-processor component is to perform post-processing of said data chunks based on said metadata.

  19. Demonstration of Novel Sampling Techniques for Measurement of Turbine Engine Volatile and Non-Volatile Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-09-01

    AFRL-RQ-WP-TR-2016-0131 DEMONSTRATION OF NOVEL SAMPLING TECHNIQUES FOR MEASUREMENT OF TURBINE ENGINE VOLATILE AND NON-VOLATILE PARTICULATE...MATTER (PM) EMISSIONS Edwin Corporan Fuels and Energy Branch Turbine Engine Division Matthew DeWitt and Chris Klingshirn University of...Energy Branch Turbine Engine Division Turbine Engine Division Aerospace Systems Directorate //Signature// CHARLES W. STEVENS Lead Engineer

  20. Peroxide induced volatile and non-volatile switching behavior in ZnO-based electrochemical metallization memory cell

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mangasa Simanjuntak, Firman; Chandrasekaran, Sridhar; Pattanayak, Bhaskar; Lin, Chun-Chieh; Tseng, Tseung-Yuen

    2017-09-01

    We explore the use of cubic-zinc peroxide (ZnO2) as a switching material for electrochemical metallization memory (ECM) cell. The ZnO2 was synthesized with a simple peroxide surface treatment. Devices made without surface treatment exhibits a high leakage current due to the self-doped nature of the hexagonal-ZnO material. Thus, its switching behavior can only be observed when a very high current compliance is employed. The synthetic ZnO2 layer provides a sufficient resistivity to the Cu/ZnO2/ZnO/ITO devices. The high resistivity of ZnO2 encourages the formation of a conducting bridge to activate the switching behavior at a lower operation current. Volatile and non-volatile switching behaviors with sufficient endurance and an adequate memory window are observed in the surface-treated devices. The room temperature retention of more than 104 s confirms the non-volatility behavior of the devices. In addition, our proposed device structure is able to work at a lower operation current among other reported ZnO-based ECM cells.

  1. Makalu: fast recoverable allocation of non-volatile memory

    DOE PAGES

    Bhandari, Kumud; Chakrabarti, Dhruva R.; Boehm, Hans-J.

    2016-10-19

    Byte addressable non-volatile memory (NVRAM) is likely to supplement, and perhaps eventually replace, DRAM. Applications can then persist data structures directly in memory instead of serializing them and storing them onto a durable block device. However, failures during execution can leave data structures in NVRAM unreachable or corrupt. In this paper, we present Makalu, a system that addresses non-volatile memory management. Makalu offers an integrated allocator and recovery-time garbage collector that maintains internal consistency, avoids NVRAM memory leaks, and is efficient, all in the face of failures. We show that a careful allocator design can support a less restrictive andmore » a much more familiar programming model than existing persistent memory allocators. Our allocator significantly reduces the per allocation persistence overhead by lazily persisting non-essential metadata and by employing a post-failure recovery-time garbage collector. Experimental results show that the resulting online speed and scalability of our allocator are comparable to well-known transient allocators, and significantly better than state-of-the-art persistent allocators.« less

  2. Makalu: fast recoverable allocation of non-volatile memory

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bhandari, Kumud; Chakrabarti, Dhruva R.; Boehm, Hans-J.

    Byte addressable non-volatile memory (NVRAM) is likely to supplement, and perhaps eventually replace, DRAM. Applications can then persist data structures directly in memory instead of serializing them and storing them onto a durable block device. However, failures during execution can leave data structures in NVRAM unreachable or corrupt. In this paper, we present Makalu, a system that addresses non-volatile memory management. Makalu offers an integrated allocator and recovery-time garbage collector that maintains internal consistency, avoids NVRAM memory leaks, and is efficient, all in the face of failures. We show that a careful allocator design can support a less restrictive andmore » a much more familiar programming model than existing persistent memory allocators. Our allocator significantly reduces the per allocation persistence overhead by lazily persisting non-essential metadata and by employing a post-failure recovery-time garbage collector. Experimental results show that the resulting online speed and scalability of our allocator are comparable to well-known transient allocators, and significantly better than state-of-the-art persistent allocators.« less

  3. Computing with volatile memristors: an application of non-pinched hysteresis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pershin, Y. V.; Shevchenko, S. N.

    2017-02-01

    The possibility of in-memory computing with volatile memristive devices, namely, memristors requiring a power source to sustain their memory, is demonstrated theoretically. We have adopted a hysteretic graphene-based field emission structure as a prototype of a volatile memristor, which is characterized by a non-pinched hysteresis loop. A memristive model of the structure is developed and used to simulate a polymorphic circuit implementing stateful logic gates, such as the material implication. Specific regions of parameter space realizing useful logic functions are identified. Our results are applicable to other realizations of volatile memory devices, such as certain NEMS switches.

  4. Oxygen Compatibility and Challenge Testing of the PLSS Variable Oxygen Regulator (VOR) for the Advanced EMU

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Campbell, Colin; Cox, Marlon; Meginnis, Carly; Falconi, Eric

    2017-01-01

    The Variable Oxygen Regulator (VOR), a stepper actuated two-stage mechanical regulator, is being developed for the purpose of serving as the Primary Oxygen Regulator (POR) and Secondary Oxygen Regulator (SOR) within the Advanced EMU PLSS, now referred to as the xEMU and xPLSS. Three prototype designs have been fabricated and tested as part of this development. Building upon the lessons learned from the 35 years of Shuttle/ISS EMU Program operation including the fleet-wide EMU Secondary Oxygen Pack (SOP) contamination failure that occurred in 2000, the VOR is being analyzed, designed, and tested for oxygen compatibility with controlled Non-Volatile Residue (NVR) and a representative worst-case hydro-carbon system contamination event (>100mg/sq ft dodecane). This paper discusses the steps taken in testing of VOR 2.0 with for oxygen compatibility and then discusses follow-on design changes implemented in the VOR 3.0 (3rd prototype) as a result.

  5. Measurement of non-volatile particle number size distribution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gkatzelis, G. I.; Papanastasiou, D. K.; Florou, K.; Kaltsonoudis, C.; Louvaris, E.; Pandis, S. N.

    2015-06-01

    An experimental methodology was developed to measure the non-volatile particle number concentration using a thermodenuder (TD). The TD was coupled with a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer, measuring the chemical composition and mass size distribution of the submicrometer aerosol and a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) that provided the number size distribution of the aerosol in the range from 10 to 500 nm. The method was evaluated with a set of smog chamber experiments and achieved almost complete evaporation (> 98 %) of secondary organic as well as freshly nucleated particles, using a TD temperature of 400 °C and a centerline residence time of 15 s. This experimental approach was applied in a winter field campaign in Athens and provided a direct measurement of number concentration and size distribution for particles emitted from major pollution sources. During periods in which the contribution of biomass burning sources was dominant, more than 80 % of particle number concentration remained after passing through the thermodenuder, suggesting that nearly all biomass burning particles had a non-volatile core. These remaining particles consisted mostly of black carbon (60 % mass contribution) and organic aerosol, OA (40 %). Organics that had not evaporated through the TD were mostly biomass burning OA (BBOA) and oxygenated OA (OOA) as determined from AMS source apportionment analysis. For periods during which traffic contribution was dominant 50-60 % of the particles had a non-volatile core while the rest evaporated at 400 °C. The remaining particle mass consisted mostly of black carbon (BC) with an 80 % contribution, while OA was responsible for another 15-20 %. Organics were mostly hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA) and OOA. These results suggest that even at 400 °C some fraction of the OA does not evaporate from particles emitted from common combustion processes, such as biomass burning and car engines, indicating that a fraction of this type

  6. Volatility in GARCH Models of Business Tendency Index

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wahyuni, Dwi A. S.; Wage, Sutarman; Hartono, Ateng

    2018-01-01

    This paper aims to obtain a model of business tendency index by considering volatility factor. Volatility factor detected by ARCH (Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity). The ARCH checking was performed using the Lagrange multiplier test. The modeling is Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) are able to overcome volatility problems by incorporating past residual elements and residual variants.

  7. The Development of Methodologies and Solvent Systems to Replace CFC-113 in the Validation of Large-Scale Spacecraft Hardware

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clausen, Christian A., III

    1996-01-01

    Liquid oxygen is used as the oxidizer for the liquid fueled main engines during the launch of the space shuttle. Any hardware that comes into contact with pure oxygen either during servicing of the shuttle or in the operation of the shuttle must be validated as being free of nonvolatile residue (NVR). This is a safety requirement to prevent spontaneous combustion of carbonaceous NVR if it was to come into contact with pure oxygen. Previous NVR validation testing of space hardware used Freon (CFC-113) as the test solvent. Because CFC-113 no longer can be used, a program was conducted to develop a NVR test procedure that uses a safe environmentally friendly solvent. The solvent that has been used in the new NVR test procedure is water. Work that has been conducted over the past three years has served to demonstrate that when small parts are subjected to ultrasound in a water bath and NVR is present a sufficient quantity is dispersed into the water to analyze for its concentration by the TOC method. The work that is described in this report extends the water wash NVR validation test to large-scale parts; that is, parts too large to be subjected to ultrasound. The method consists of concentrating the NVR in the water wash onto a bed of silica gel. The total adsorbent bed is then analyzed for TOC content by using a solid sample probe. Work that has been completed thus far has demonstrated that hydrocarbon based NVR's can be detected at levels of less than 0.1 mg per square foot of part's surface area by using a simple water wash.

  8. Improved volatile fatty acid and biomethane production from lipid removed microalgal residue (LRμAR) through pretreatment.

    PubMed

    Suresh, Arumuganainar; Seo, Charles; Chang, Ho Nam; Kim, Yeu-Chun

    2013-12-01

    Renewable energy from lipid removed microalgal residues (LRμARs) serves as a promising tool for sustainable development of the microalgal biodiesel industry. Hence, in this study, LRμAR from Ettlia sp. was characterized for its physico-biochemical parameters, and applied to various pretreatment to increase the biodegradability and used in batch experiments for the production of volatile fatty acids (VFA) and biomethane. After various pretreatments, the soluble organic matters were increased at a maximum of 82% in total organic matters in alkali-autoclaved sample. In addition, VFA and methane production was enhanced by 30% and 40% in alkali-sonicated and alkali-autoclaved samples, respectively. Methane heating value was recovered at maximum of 6.6 MJ kg(-1)VS in alkali-autoclaved conditions with comparison to non-pretreated samples. The pretreatment remarkably improved LRμAR solubilization and enhanced VFA and biomethane production, which holds immense potential to eventually reduce the cost of algal biodiesel. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  9. Differential modulation of P-glycoprotein expression and activity by non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors in cell culture.

    PubMed

    Störmer, Elke; von Moltke, Lisa L; Perloff, Michael D; Greenblatt, David J

    2002-07-01

    This study investigated the effects of the non-nucleoside HIV-1 reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) nevirapine (NVR), efavirenz (EFV), and delavirdine (DLV) on P-glycoprotein (P-gp) activity and expression to anticipate P-gp related drug-drug interactions associated with combination therapy. NNRTIs were evaluated as P-gp substrates by measuring differential transport across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Inhibition of P-gp mediated rhodaminel23 (Rh123) transport in Caco-2 cells was used to assess P-gp inhibition by NNRTIs. Induction of P-gp expression and activity in LS180V cells following 3-day exposure to NNRTIs was measured by western blot analysis and cellular Rh123 uptake, respectively. The NNRTIs showed no differential transport between the basolateral to apical and apical to basolateral direction. NNRTI transport in either direction was not affected by the P-gp inhibitor verapamil. DLV inhibited Rh123 transport, causing a reduction to 15% of control at 100 microM (IC50 = 30 microM). NVR caused a concentration-dependent induction of P-gp expression in LS180V cells resulting in a 3.5-fold increase in immunoreactive P-gp at 100 microM NVR. Induction attributable to EFV and DLV was quantitatively smaller. NVR significantly reduced cellular uptake of Rh123 into LS180V cells, indicating increased drug efflux due to induced P-gp activity; effects of EFV and DLV were smaller. Acute DLV treatment of LS180V cells previously induced with NVR or ritonavir did not reverse the decreased Rh123 cell accumulation. NNRTIs show differential effects on P-gp activity and expression in vitro. Clinical studies are required to elucidate the clinical importance of potential drug interactions.

  10. Chemical composition of South American Burseraceae non-volatile oleoresins and preliminary solubility assessment of their commercial blend.

    PubMed

    Siani, A C; Nakamura, M J; Tappin, M R R; Monteiro, S S; Guimarães, A C; Ramos, M F S

    2012-01-01

    Non-volatile oleoresins from neotropical Burseraceae are traditionally used for craft, technological and medicinal purposes. The crude resin is usually sold in popular markets of the forest communities. Adding value to this rainforest raw material requires establishing its composition. To analyse the resin composition from different Burseraceae species and establish a minimally reproducible profile by gas chromatography, in order to parameterise its quality control. Crude oleoresin samples of 10 Protium and Trattinnickia species and a commercial blend were subjected to hydrodistillation to remove volatile compounds. The chloroform-soluble residues were methylated, analysed by GC-FID (flame ionisation detection), and individual components were identified by analysing their mass fragmentation pattern in GC-MS and comparison with data from the literature. The blend solubility was assayed in 30 non-chlorinated solvents at three different proportions. The resins consisted exclusively of triterpenes, showing a common predominance of four major compounds in all the samples, corresponding to α-amyrin, β-amyrin, α-amyrenone and β-amyrenone. This profile was complemented with minor amounts of the tetracyclic β-elemolic and α-elemolic acids, maniladiol, brein and other oxidised trace compounds. The better solvents for the resin were those chemically bearing more than four carbon atoms, as n-butyl acetate, 2-ethoxyethanol and isopropanol. The crude resin blend sold contained around 10% of insoluble material that was constituted by up to 70% inorganic residues mixed with humic acid derivatives, as attested by ash analysis and IR spectroscopy, respectively. The experimental results, complemented by a general inspection of the literature, demonstrated a systematically reproducible triterpene profile in Protium and Trattinnickia species. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  11. Reconfigurable Electronics and Non-Volatile Memory Research

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-11-10

    Kirtland AFB, NM 87117-5776 2 cys Official Record Copy AFRL /RVSE/Arthur Edwards 1 cy... AFRL -RV-PS- AFRL -RV-PS- TR-2015-0151 TR-2015-0151 RECONFIGURABLE ELECTRONICS AND NON- VOLATILE MEMORY RESEARCH Kristy A. Campbell Boise State... KIRTLAND AIR FORCE BASE, NM 87117-5776 NOTICE AND SIGNATURE PAGE Using Government drawings, specifications, or other data included in this document for

  12. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into production of volatile and non-volatile flavor components in mandarin hybrid fruit.

    PubMed

    Yu, Qibin; Plotto, Anne; Baldwin, Elizabeth A; Bai, Jinhe; Huang, Ming; Yu, Yuan; Dhaliwal, Harvinder S; Gmitter, Frederick G

    2015-03-06

    Although many of the volatile constituents of flavor and aroma in citrus have been identified, the knowledge of molecular mechanisms and regulation of volatile production are very limited. Our aim was to understand mechanisms of flavor volatile production and regulation in mandarin fruit. Fruits of two mandarin hybrids, Temple and Murcott with contrasting volatile and non- volatile profiles, were collected at three developmental stages. A combination of methods, including the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ), quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, gas chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography, was used to identify proteins, measure gene expression levels, volatiles, sugars, organic acids and carotenoids. Two thirds of differentially expressed proteins were identified in the pathways of glycolysis, citric acid cycle, amino acid, sugar and starch metabolism. An enzyme encoding valencene synthase gene (Cstps1) was more abundant in Temple than in Murcott. Valencene accounted for 9.4% of total volatile content in Temple, whereas no valencene was detected in Murcott fruit. Murcott expression of Cstps1 is severely reduced. We showed that the diversion of valencene and other sesquiterpenes into the terpenoid pathway together with high production of apocarotenoid volatiles might have resulted in the lower concentration of carotenoids in Temple fruit.

  13. Monitoring volatilization products using Residual Gas Analyzers during MeV ion beam irradiations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wetteland, C. J.; Kriewaldt, K.; Taylor, L. A.; McSween, H. Y.; Sickafus, K. E.

    2018-03-01

    The use of Residual Gas Analyzers (RGAs) during irradiation experiments can provide valuable information when incorporated into experimental end-stations. The instruments can track the volatilization products of beam-sensitive materials, which may ultimately aid researchers in selecting appropriate flux values for conducting experiments. Furthermore, the type of gaseous species released during an irradiation can be monitored directly, which may lead to new insights into the radiolysis and/or heating mechanisms responsible for gas evolution. A survey of several classes of materials exposed to extremes in particle flux is presented to show how RGA instrumentation can be incorporated to qualitatively assess ion-solid interactions in a variety of fields.

  14. Volatile non-terpenoid hydrocarbons from Ligusticum grayi roots

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    The root essential oil of Ligusticum grayi Coult. & Rose (Apiaceae) contains three volatile non-terpenoid hydrocarbons: the known C11 compound viridene, whose structure is hereby corrected to 1-[(2Z)-pent-2-en-1-yl]cyclohexa-1,3-diene; and the heretofore unreported C10 compounds 1-[(2Z)-but-2-en-1-y...

  15. Two-dimensional non-volatile programmable p-n junctions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Dong; Chen, Mingyuan; Sun, Zhengzong; Yu, Peng; Liu, Zheng; Ajayan, Pulickel M.; Zhang, Zengxing

    2017-09-01

    Semiconductor p-n junctions are the elementary building blocks of most electronic and optoelectronic devices. The need for their miniaturization has fuelled the rapid growth of interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the performance of a p-n junction considerably degrades as its thickness approaches a few nanometres and traditional technologies, such as doping and implantation, become invalid at the nanoscale. Here we report stable non-volatile programmable p-n junctions fabricated from the vertically stacked all-2D semiconductor/insulator/metal layers (WSe2/hexagonal boron nitride/graphene) in a semifloating gate field-effect transistor configuration. The junction exhibits a good rectifying behaviour with a rectification ratio of 104 and photovoltaic properties with a power conversion efficiency up to 4.1% under a 6.8 nW light. Based on the non-volatile programmable properties controlled by gate voltages, the 2D p-n junctions have been exploited for various electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as memories, photovoltaics, logic rectifiers and logic optoelectronic circuits.

  16. Two-dimensional non-volatile programmable p-n junctions.

    PubMed

    Li, Dong; Chen, Mingyuan; Sun, Zhengzong; Yu, Peng; Liu, Zheng; Ajayan, Pulickel M; Zhang, Zengxing

    2017-09-01

    Semiconductor p-n junctions are the elementary building blocks of most electronic and optoelectronic devices. The need for their miniaturization has fuelled the rapid growth of interest in two-dimensional (2D) materials. However, the performance of a p-n junction considerably degrades as its thickness approaches a few nanometres and traditional technologies, such as doping and implantation, become invalid at the nanoscale. Here we report stable non-volatile programmable p-n junctions fabricated from the vertically stacked all-2D semiconductor/insulator/metal layers (WSe 2 /hexagonal boron nitride/graphene) in a semifloating gate field-effect transistor configuration. The junction exhibits a good rectifying behaviour with a rectification ratio of 10 4 and photovoltaic properties with a power conversion efficiency up to 4.1% under a 6.8 nW light. Based on the non-volatile programmable properties controlled by gate voltages, the 2D p-n junctions have been exploited for various electronic and optoelectronic applications, such as memories, photovoltaics, logic rectifiers and logic optoelectronic circuits.

  17. Characterization of an Autonomous Non-Volatile Ferroelectric Memory Latch

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    John, Caroline S.; MacLeod, Todd C.; Evans, Joe; Ho, Fat D.

    2011-01-01

    We present the electrical characterization of an autonomous non-volatile ferroelectric memory latch using the principle that when an electric field is applied to a ferroelectriccapacitor,the positive and negative remnant polarization charge states of the capacitor are denoted as either data 0 or data 1. The properties of the ferroelectric material to store an electric polarization in the absence of an electric field make the device non-volatile. Further the memory latch is autonomous as it operates with the ground, power and output node connections, without any externally clocked control line. The unique quality of this latch circuit is that it can be written when powered off. The advantages of this latch over flash memories are: a) It offers unlimited reads/writes b) works on symmetrical read/write cycles. c) The latch is asynchronous. The circuit was initially developed by Radiant Technologies Inc., Albuquerque, New Mexico.

  18. Manipulation of Molecular Quantum Wavepackets with Ultrashort Laser Pulses for Non-destructive Detection of Volatile Explosives

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-02-01

    DTRA-TR-12-65 Manipulation of Molecular Quantum Wavepackets with Ultrashort Laser Pulses for Non-destructive Detection of Volatile Explosives ...Manipulation of Molecular Quantum Wavepackets with Ultrashort Laser Pulses for Non-destructive Detection of Volatile Explosives HDTRA1-09-1-0021 Valery...destructive detection of volatile explosives . Moshe Shapiro1, Valery Milner1 and Jun Ye2 1University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada 2JILA

  19. A Non-Targeted Approach Unravels the Volatile Network in Peach Fruit

    PubMed Central

    Sánchez, Gerardo; Besada, Cristina; Badenes, María Luisa; Monforte, Antonio José; Granell, Antonio

    2012-01-01

    Volatile compounds represent an important part of the plant metabolome and are of particular agronomic and biological interest due to their contribution to fruit aroma and flavor and therefore to fruit quality. By using a non-targeted approach based on HS-SPME-GC-MS, the volatile-compound complement of peach fruit was described. A total of 110 volatile compounds (including alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, esters, lactones, carboxylic acids, phenolics and terpenoids) were identified and quantified in peach fruit samples from different genetic backgrounds, locations, maturity stages and physiological responses. By using a combination of hierarchical cluster analysis and metabolomic correlation network analysis we found that previously known peach fruit volatiles are clustered according to their chemical nature or known biosynthetic pathways. Moreover, novel volatiles that had not yet been described in peach were identified and assigned to co-regulated groups. In addition, our analyses showed that most of the co-regulated groups showed good intergroup correlations that are therefore consistent with the existence of a higher level of regulation orchestrating volatile production under different conditions and/or developmental stages. In addition, this volatile network of interactions provides the ground information for future biochemical studies as well as a useful route map for breeding or biotechnological purposes. PMID:22761719

  20. Changes in the Optical Properties of Simulated Shuttle Waste Water Deposits: Urine Darkening

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Albyn, Keith; Edwards, David; Alred, John

    2003-01-01

    Manned spacecraft have historically dumped the crew generated waste water overboard, into the environment in which the spacecraft operates, sometimes depositing the waste water on the external spacecraft surfaces. The change in optical properties of wastewater deposited on spacecraft external surfaces, from exposure to space environmental effects, is not well understood. This study used nonvolatile residue (NVR) from Human Urine to simulate wastewater deposits and documents the changes in the optical properties of the NVR deposits after exposure to ultra violet(UV)radiation. Twenty four NVR samples of, 0-angstromes/sq cm to 1000-angstromes/sq cm, and one sample contaminated with 1 to 2-mg/sq cm were exposed to UV radiation over the course of approximately 6151 equivalent sun hours (ESH). Random changes in sample mass, NVR, solar absorbance, and infrared emission were observed during the study. Significant changes in the UV transmittance were observed for one sample contaminated at the mg/sq cm level.

  1. Changes in the Optical Properties of Simulated Shuttle Waste Water Deposits- Urine Darkening

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Albyn, Keith; Edwards, David; Alred, John

    2004-01-01

    Manned spacecraft have historically dumped the crew generated waste waster overboard, into the environment in which the spacecraft operates, sometimes depositing the waste water on the external spacecraft surfaces. The change in optical properties of wastewater deposited on spacecraft external surfaces, from exposure to space environmental effects, is not well understood. This study used nonvolatile residue (NVR) from Human Urine to simulate wastewater deposits and documents the changes in the optical properties of the NVR deposits after exposure to ultra violet (UV) radiation. Twenty NVR samples of, 0-angstromes/sq cm to 1000-angstromes/sq cm, and one sample contaminated with 1 to 2-mg/sq cm were exposed to UV radiation over the course of approximately 6151 equivalent sun hours (ESH). Random changes in sample mass, NVR, solar absorbance, and infrared emission were observed during the study. Significant changes in the UV transmittance were observed for one sample contaminated at the mg/sq cm level.

  2. Emissions of volatile organic compounds from maize residue open burning in the northern region of Thailand

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sirithian, Duanpen; Thepanondh, Sarawut; Sattler, Melanie L.; Laowagul, Wanna

    2018-03-01

    Emission factors for speciated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from maize residue burning were determined in this study based on chamber experiments. Thirty-six VOC species were identified by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometer (GC/MS). They were classified into six groups, including alkanes, alkenes, oxygenated VOCs, halogenated VOCs, aromatics and other. The emission factor for total VOCs was estimated as about 148 mg kg-1 dry mass burned. About 68.4% of the compounds were aromatics. Field samplings of maize residues were conducted to acquire the information of fuel characteristics including fuel loading, fraction of maize residues that were actually burned as well as proximate and elemental analysis of maize residues. The emission factors were then applied to estimate speciated VOC emissions from maize residue open burning at the provincial level in the upper-northern region of Thailand for the year 2014. Total burned area of maize covered an area of about 500,000 ha which was about 4.7% of the total area of upper-northern region of the country. It was found that total VOC emissions released during the burning season (January-April) was about 79.4 tons. Ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene, acetaldehyde and o-xylene were the major contributors, accounting for more than 65% of total speciated VOC emissions.

  3. Physical principles and current status of emerging non-volatile solid state memories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, L.; Yang, C.-H.; Wen, J.

    2015-07-01

    Today the influence of non-volatile solid-state memories on persons' lives has become more prominent because of their non-volatility, low data latency, and high robustness. As a pioneering technology that is representative of non-volatile solidstate memories, flash memory has recently seen widespread application in many areas ranging from electronic appliances, such as cell phones and digital cameras, to external storage devices such as universal serial bus (USB) memory. Moreover, owing to its large storage capacity, it is expected that in the near future, flash memory will replace hard-disk drives as a dominant technology in the mass storage market, especially because of recently emerging solid-state drives. However, the rapid growth of the global digital data has led to the need for flash memories to have larger storage capacity, thus requiring a further downscaling of the cell size. Such a miniaturization is expected to be extremely difficult because of the well-known scaling limit of flash memories. It is therefore necessary to either explore innovative technologies that can extend the areal density of flash memories beyond the scaling limits, or to vigorously develop alternative non-volatile solid-state memories including ferroelectric random-access memory, magnetoresistive random-access memory, phase-change random-access memory, and resistive random-access memory. In this paper, we review the physical principles of flash memories and their technical challenges that affect our ability to enhance the storage capacity. We then present a detailed discussion of novel technologies that can extend the storage density of flash memories beyond the commonly accepted limits. In each case, we subsequently discuss the physical principles of these new types of non-volatile solid-state memories as well as their respective merits and weakness when utilized for data storage applications. Finally, we predict the future prospects for the aforementioned solid-state memories for

  4. FDATMOS16 non-linear partitioning and organic volatility distributions in urban aerosols

    DOE PAGES

    Madronich, Sasha; Kleinman, Larry; Conley, Andrew; ...

    2015-12-17

    Gas-to-particle partitioning of organic aerosols (OA) is represented in most models by Raoult’s law, and depends on the existing mass of particles into which organic gases can dissolve. This raises the possibility of non-linear response of particle-phase OA to the emissions of precursor volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that contribute to this partitioning mass. Implications for air quality management are evident: A strong non-linear dependence would suggest that reductions in VOC emission would have a more-than-proportionate benefit in lowering ambient OA concentrations. Chamber measurements on simple VOC mixtures generally confirm the non-linear scaling between OA and VOCs, usually stated as amore » mass-dependence of the measured OA yields. However, for realistic ambient conditions including urban settings, no single component dominates the composition of the organic particles, and deviations from linearity are presumed to be small. Here we re-examine the linearity question using volatility spectra from several sources: (1) chamber studies of selected aerosols, (2) volatility inferred for aerosols sampled in two megacities, Mexico City and Paris, and (3) an explicit chemistry model (GECKO-A). These few available volatility distributions suggest that urban OA may be only slightly super-linear, with most values of the sensitivity exponent in the range 1.1-1.3, also substantially lower than seen in chambers for some specific aerosols. Furthermore, the rather low values suggest that OA concentrations in megacities are not an inevitable convergence of non-linear effects, but can be addressed (much like in smaller urban areas) by proportionate reductions in emissions.« less

  5. Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium 2001: Proceedings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Aranki, Nazeeh; Daud, Taher; Strauss, Karl

    2001-01-01

    This publication contains the proceedings for the Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium 2001 that was held on November 7-8, 2001 in San Diego, CA. The proceedings contains a a wide range of papers that cover current and new memory technologies including Flash memories, Magnetic Random Access Memories (MRAM and GMRAM), Ferro-electric RAM (FeRAM), and Chalcogenide RAM (CRAM). The papers presented in the proceedings address the use of these technologies for space applications as well as radiation effects and packaging issues.

  6. Overview of Non-Volatile Testing and Screening Methods

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Irom, Farokh

    2001-01-01

    Testing methods for memories and non-volatile memories have become increasingly sophisticated as they become denser and more complex. High frequency and faster rewrite times as well as smaller feature sizes have led to many testing challenges. This paper outlines several testing issues posed by novel memories and approaches to testing for radiation and reliability effects. We discuss methods for measurements of Total Ionizing Dose (TID).

  7. Low-cost fabrication of ternary CuInSe{sub 2} nanocrystals by colloidal route using a novel combination of volatile and non-volatile capping agents

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chawla, Parul; Narain Sharma, Shailesh, E-mail: shailesh@nplindia.org; Singh, Son

    2014-11-15

    Wet-route synthesis of CuInSe{sub 2} (CISe) nanocrystals has been envisaged with the utilization of the unique combination of coordinating ligand and non coordinating solvent. Our work demonstrates the formation of a single-phase, nearly stoichiometric and monodispersive, stable and well-passivated colloidal ternary CISe nanocrystals (band gap (E{sub g})∼1.16 eV) using a novel combination of ligands; viz. volatile arylamine aniline and non-volatile solvent 1-octadecene. The synthesis and growth conditions have been manoeuvred using the colligative properties of the mixture and thus higher growth temperature (∼250 °C) could be attained that promoted larger grain growth. The beneficial influence of the capping agents (anilinemore » and 1-octadecene) on the properties of chalcopyrite nanocrystals has enabled us to pictorally model the structural, morphological and optoelectronic aspects of CISe nanoparticles. - Graphical abstract: Without resorting to any post-selenization process and using the colligative properties of the mixture comprising of volatile aniline and non-volatile 1-octadecene to manoeuvre the growth conditions to promote Ostwald ripening, a single phase, monodispersive and nearly stoichiometric ternary CISe nanocrystals are formed by wet-synthesis route. - Highlights: • Wet-route synthesis of CISe nanocrystals reported without post-selenization process. • Single-phase, stable and well-passivated colloidal ternary CISe nanocrystals formed. • Novel combination of capping agents: volatile aniline and non-volatile 1-octadecene. • Higher growth temperature attained using the colligative properties of the mixture. • Metallic salts presence explains exp. and theoretical boiling point difference.« less

  8. Metal-organic molecular device for non-volatile memory storage

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Radha, B., E-mail: radha.boya@manchester.ac.uk, E-mail: kulkarni@jncasr.ac.in; Sagade, Abhay A.; Kulkarni, G. U., E-mail: radha.boya@manchester.ac.uk, E-mail: kulkarni@jncasr.ac.in

    Non-volatile memory devices have been of immense research interest for their use in active memory storage in powered off-state of electronic chips. In literature, various molecules and metal compounds have been investigated in this regard. Molecular memory devices are particularly attractive as they offer the ease of storing multiple memory states in a unique way and also represent ubiquitous choice for miniaturized devices. However, molecules are fragile and thus the device breakdown at nominal voltages during repeated cycles hinders their practical applicability. Here, in this report, a synergetic combination of an organic molecule and an inorganic metal, i.e., a metal-organicmore » complex, namely, palladium hexadecylthiolate is investigated for memory device characteristics. Palladium hexadecylthiolate following partial thermolysis is converted to a molecular nanocomposite of Pd(II), Pd(0), and long chain hydrocarbons, which is shown to exhibit non-volatile memory characteristics with exceptional stability and retention. The devices are all solution-processed and the memory action stems from filament formation across the pre-formed cracks in the nanocomposite film.« less

  9. Laboratory measurements of emission factors of nonmethane volatile organic compounds from burning of Chinese crop residues

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Inomata, Satoshi; Tanimoto, Hiroshi; Pan, Xiaole; Taketani, Fumikazu; Komazaki, Yuichi; Miyakawa, Takuma; Kanaya, Yugo; Wang, Zifa

    2015-05-01

    The emission factors (EFs) of nonmethane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emitted during the burning of Chinese crop residue were investigated as a function of modified combustion efficiency in laboratory experiments. NMVOCs, including acetonitrile, aldehydes/ketones, furan, and aromatic hydrocarbons, were monitored by proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry. Rape plant was burned in dry conditions and wheat straw was burned in both wet and dry conditions to simulate the possible burning of damp crop residue in regions of high temperature and humidity. We compared the present data to field data reported by Kudo et al. (2014). Good agreement between field and laboratory data was obtained for aromatics under relatively more smoldering combustion of dry samples, but laboratory data were slightly overestimated compared to field data for oxygenated VOC (OVOC). When EFs from the burning of wet samples were investigated, the consistency between the field and laboratory data for OVOCs was stronger than for dry samples. This may be caused by residual moisture in crop residue that has been stockpiled in humid regions. Comparison of the wet laboratory data with field data suggests that Kudo et al. (2014) observed the biomass burning plumes under relatively more smoldering conditions in which approximately a few tens of percentages of burned fuel materials were wet.

  10. The Search for Nonflammable Solvent Alternatives for Cleaning Aerospace Oxygen Systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mitchell, Mark; Lowrey, Nikki

    2012-01-01

    Oxygen systems are susceptible to fires caused by particle and nonvolatile residue (NVR) contaminants, therefore cleaning and verification is essential for system safety. . Cleaning solvents used on oxygen system components must be either nonflammable in pure oxygen or complete removal must be assured for system safety. . CFC -113 was the solvent of choice before 1996 because it was effective, least toxic, compatible with most materials of construction, and non ]reactive with oxygen. When CFC -113 was phased out in 1996, HCFC -225 was selected as an interim replacement for cleaning propulsion oxygen systems at NASA. HCFC-225 production phase-out date is 01/01/2015. HCFC ]225 (AK ]225G) is used extensively at Marshall Space Flight Center and Stennis Space Center for cleaning and NVR verification on large propulsion oxygen systems, and propulsion test stands and ground support equipment. . Many components are too large for ultrasonic agitation - necessary for effective aqueous cleaning and NVR sampling. . Test stand equipment must be cleaned prior to installation of test hardware. Many items must be cleaned by wipe or flush in situ where complete removal of a flammable solvent cannot be assured. The search for a replacement solvent for these applications is ongoing.

  11. Operations of cleanrooms during a forest fire including protocols and monitoring results

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matheson, Bruce A.; Egges, Joanne; Pirkey, Michael S.; Lobmeyer, Lynette D.

    2012-10-01

    Contamination-sensitive space flight hardware is typically built in cleanroom facilities in order to protect the hardware from particle contamination. Forest wildfires near the facilities greatly increase the number of particles and amount of vapors in the ambient outside air. Reasonable questions arise as to whether typical cleanroom facilities can adequately protect the hardware from these adverse environmental conditions. On Monday September 6, 2010 (Labor Day Holiday), a large wildfire ignited near the Boulder, Colorado Campus of Ball Aerospace. The fire was approximately 6 miles from the Boulder City limits. Smoke levels from the fire stayed very high in Boulder for the majority of the week after the fire began. Cleanroom operations were halted temporarily on contamination sensitive hardware, until particulate and non-volatile residue (NVR) sampling could be performed. Immediate monitoring showed little, if any effect on the cleanroom facilities, so programs were allowed to resume work while monitoring continued for several days and beyond in some cases. Little, if any, effect was ever noticed in the monitoring performed.

  12. Vapor condensation onto a non-volatile liquid drop

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Inci, Levent; Bowles, Richard K., E-mail: richard.bowles@usask.ca

    2013-12-07

    Molecular dynamics simulations of miscible and partially miscible binary Lennard–Jones mixtures are used to study the dynamics and thermodynamics of vapor condensation onto a non-volatile liquid drop in the canonical ensemble. When the system volume is large, the driving force for condensation is low and only a submonolayer of the solvent is adsorbed onto the liquid drop. A small degree of mixing of the solvent phase into the core of the particles occurs for the miscible system. At smaller volumes, complete film formation is observed and the dynamics of film growth are dominated by cluster-cluster coalescence. Mixing into the coremore » of the droplet is also observed for partially miscible systems below an onset volume suggesting the presence of a solubility transition. We also develop a non-volatile liquid drop model, based on the capillarity approximations, that exhibits a solubility transition between small and large drops for partially miscible mixtures and has a hysteresis loop similar to the one observed in the deliquescence of small soluble salt particles. The properties of the model are compared to our simulation results and the model is used to study the formulation of classical nucleation theory for systems with low free energy barriers.« less

  13. Non-volatile Clocked Spin Wave Interconnect for Beyond-CMOS Nanomagnet Pipelines

    PubMed Central

    Dutta, Sourav; Chang, Sou-Chi; Kani, Nickvash; Nikonov, Dmitri E.; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Young, Ian A.; Naeemi, Azad

    2015-01-01

    The possibility of using spin waves for information transmission and processing has been an area of active research due to the unique ability to manipulate the amplitude and phase of the spin waves for building complex logic circuits with less physical resources and low power consumption. Previous proposals on spin wave logic circuits have suggested the idea of utilizing the magneto-electric effect for spin wave amplification and amplitude- or phase-dependent switching of magneto-electric cells. Here, we propose a comprehensive scheme for building a clocked non-volatile spin wave device by introducing a charge-to-spin converter that translates information from electrical domain to spin domain, magneto-electric spin wave repeaters that operate in three different regimes - spin wave transmitter, non-volatile memory and spin wave detector, and a novel clocking scheme that ensures sequential transmission of information and non-reciprocity. The proposed device satisfies the five essential requirements for logic application: nonlinearity, amplification, concatenability, feedback prevention, and complete set of Boolean operations. PMID:25955353

  14. A semi-floating gate memory based on van der Waals heterostructures for quasi-non-volatile applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Chunsen; Yan, Xiao; Song, Xiongfei; Ding, Shijin; Zhang, David Wei; Zhou, Peng

    2018-05-01

    As conventional circuits based on field-effect transistors are approaching their physical limits due to quantum phenomena, semi-floating gate transistors have emerged as an alternative ultrafast and silicon-compatible technology. Here, we show a quasi-non-volatile memory featuring a semi-floating gate architecture with band-engineered van der Waals heterostructures. This two-dimensional semi-floating gate memory demonstrates 156 times longer refresh time with respect to that of dynamic random access memory and ultrahigh-speed writing operations on nanosecond timescales. The semi-floating gate architecture greatly enhances the writing operation performance and is approximately 106 times faster than other memories based on two-dimensional materials. The demonstrated characteristics suggest that the quasi-non-volatile memory has the potential to bridge the gap between volatile and non-volatile memory technologies and decrease the power consumption required for frequent refresh operations, enabling a high-speed and low-power random access memory.

  15. Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium 2000: Proceedings

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Aranki, Nazeeh (Editor)

    2000-01-01

    This publication contains the proceedings for the Non-Volatile Memory Technology Symposium 2000 that was held on November 15-16, 2000 in Arlington, Virginia. The proceedings contains a wide range of papers that cover the presentations of myriad advances in the nonvolatile memory technology during the recent past including memory cell design, simulations, radiation environment, and emerging memory technologies. The papers presented in the proceedings address the design challenges and applications and deals with newer, emerging memory technologies as well as related issues of radiation environment and die packaging.

  16. Changes in Volatile and Non-Volatile Flavor Chemicals of "Valencia" Orange Juice over the Harvest Seasons.

    PubMed

    Bai, Jinhe; Baldwin, Elizabeth A; McCollum, Greg; Plotto, Anne; Manthey, John A; Widmer, Wilbur W; Luzio, Gary; Cameron, Randall

    2016-01-04

    Florida "Valencia" oranges have a wide harvest window, covering four months after first reaching the commercial maturity. However, the influence of harvest time on juice flavor chemicals is not well documented, with the exception of sugars and acids. Therefore, we investigated the major flavor chemicals, volatile (aroma), non-volatile (taste) and mouth feel attributes, in the two harvest seasons (March to June in 2007 and February to May in 2012). Bitter limonoid compounds, limonin and nomilin, decreased gradually. Out of a total of 94 volatiles, 32 increased, 47 peaked mid to late season, and 15 decreased. Juice insoluble solids and pectin content increased over the season; however, pectin methylesterase activity remained unchanged. Fruit harvested in the earlier months had lower flavor quality. Juice from later harvests had a higher sugar/acid ratio with less bitterness, while, many important aroma compounds occurred at the highest concentrations in the middle to late season, but occurred at lower concentrations at the end of the season. The results provide information to the orange juice processing industry for selection of optimal harvest time and for setting of precise blending strategy.

  17. Identification and Quantification of Oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-Trien-8-One and Cyanidin-3-Glucoside as One of the Major Volatile and Non-Volatile Low-Molecular-Weight Constituents in Pitanga Pulp.

    PubMed

    Josino Soares, Denise; Pignitter, Marc; Ehrnhöfer-Ressler, Miriam Margit; Walker, Jessica; Montenegro Brasil, Isabella; Somoza, Veronika

    2015-01-01

    The pulp of pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) is used to prepare pitanga juice. However, there are no reports on the identification and quantification of the main constituents in pitanga pulp. The aim of this study was to identify and quantify the major volatile and non-volatile low-molecular-weight constituents of the pulp. Isolation of volatile compounds was performed by solvent-assisted flavor evaporation technique. Characterization of the main volatile and non-volatile constituents was performed by GC-MS, LC-MS and NMR spectroscopy. For quantitative measurements, the main volatile compound needed to be isolated from pitanga pulp to obtain a commercially not available reference standard. Cyanidin-3-glucoside was determined as one of the most abundant non-volatile pulp compound yielding 53.8% of the sum of the intensities of all ions detected by LC-MS. Quantification of cyanidin-3-glucoside in pitanga pulp resulted in a concentration of 344 ± 66.4 μg/mL corresponding to 688 ± 133 μg/g dried pulp and 530 ± 102 μg/g fruit. For the volatile fraction, oxidoselina-1,3,7(11)-trien-8-one was identified as the main volatile pulp constituent (27.7% of the sum of the intensities of all ions detected by GC-MS), reaching a concentration of 89.0 ± 16.9 μg/mL corresponding to 1.34 ± 0.25 μg/g fresh pulp and 1.03 ± 0.19 μg/g fruit. The results provide quantitative evidence for the occurrence of an anthocyanin and an oxygenated sesquiterpene as one of the major volatile and non-volatile low-molecular-weight compounds in pitanga pulp.

  18. Non-"g" Residuals of the SAT and ACT Predict Specific Abilities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Coyle, Thomas R.; Purcell, Jason M.; Snyder, Anissa C.; Kochunov, Peter

    2013-01-01

    This research examined whether non-"g" residuals of the SAT and ACT subtests, obtained after removing g, predicted specific abilities. Non-"g" residuals of the verbal and math subtests of the SAT and ACT were correlated with academic (verbal and math) and non-academic abilities (speed and shop), both based on the Armed Services…

  19. Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Nitrogen Source Preferences: Impact on Sequential Fermentation and Wine Volatile Compounds Profile

    PubMed Central

    Gobert, Antoine; Tourdot-Maréchal, Raphaëlle; Morge, Christophe; Sparrow, Céline; Liu, Youzhong; Quintanilla-Casas, Beatriz; Vichi, Stefania; Alexandre, Hervé

    2017-01-01

    Nitrogen sources in the must are important for yeast metabolism, growth, and performance, and wine volatile compounds profile. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) deficiencies in grape must are one of the main causes of stuck and sluggish fermentation. The nitrogen requirement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism has been described in detail. However, the YAN preferences of non-Saccharomyces yeasts remain unknown despite their increasingly widespread use in winemaking. Furthermore, the impact of nitrogen consumption by non-Saccharomyces yeasts on YAN availability, alcoholic performance and volatile compounds production by S. cerevisiae in sequential fermentation has been little studied. With a view to improving the use of non-Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking, we studied the use of amino acids and ammonium by three strains of non-Saccharomyces yeasts (Starmerella bacillaris, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, and Pichia membranifaciens) in grape juice. We first determined which nitrogen sources were preferentially used by these yeasts in pure cultures at 28 and 20°C (because few data are available). We then carried out sequential fermentations at 20°C with S. cerevisiae, to assess the impact of the non-Saccharomyces yeasts on the availability of assimilable nitrogen for S. cerevisiae. Finally, 22 volatile compounds were quantified in sequential fermentation and their levels compared with those in pure cultures of S. cerevisiae. We report here, for the first time, that non-Saccharomyces yeasts have specific amino-acid consumption profiles. Histidine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine were not consumed by S. bacillaris, aspartic acid was assimilated very slowly by M. pulcherrima, and glutamine was not assimilated by P. membranifaciens. By contrast, cysteine appeared to be a preferred nitrogen source for all non-Saccharomyces yeasts. In sequential fermentation, these specific profiles of amino-acid consumption by non-Saccharomyces yeasts may account for some of the

  20. Non-Saccharomyces Yeasts Nitrogen Source Preferences: Impact on Sequential Fermentation and Wine Volatile Compounds Profile.

    PubMed

    Gobert, Antoine; Tourdot-Maréchal, Raphaëlle; Morge, Christophe; Sparrow, Céline; Liu, Youzhong; Quintanilla-Casas, Beatriz; Vichi, Stefania; Alexandre, Hervé

    2017-01-01

    Nitrogen sources in the must are important for yeast metabolism, growth, and performance, and wine volatile compounds profile. Yeast assimilable nitrogen (YAN) deficiencies in grape must are one of the main causes of stuck and sluggish fermentation. The nitrogen requirement of Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolism has been described in detail. However, the YAN preferences of non- Saccharomyces yeasts remain unknown despite their increasingly widespread use in winemaking. Furthermore, the impact of nitrogen consumption by non- Saccharomyces yeasts on YAN availability, alcoholic performance and volatile compounds production by S. cerevisiae in sequential fermentation has been little studied. With a view to improving the use of non- Saccharomyces yeasts in winemaking, we studied the use of amino acids and ammonium by three strains of non- Saccharomyces yeasts ( Starmerella bacillaris, Metschnikowia pulcherrima , and Pichia membranifaciens ) in grape juice. We first determined which nitrogen sources were preferentially used by these yeasts in pure cultures at 28 and 20°C (because few data are available). We then carried out sequential fermentations at 20°C with S. cerevisiae , to assess the impact of the non- Saccharomyces yeasts on the availability of assimilable nitrogen for S. cerevisiae . Finally, 22 volatile compounds were quantified in sequential fermentation and their levels compared with those in pure cultures of S. cerevisiae . We report here, for the first time, that non- Saccharomyces yeasts have specific amino-acid consumption profiles. Histidine, methionine, threonine, and tyrosine were not consumed by S. bacillaris , aspartic acid was assimilated very slowly by M. pulcherrima , and glutamine was not assimilated by P. membranifaciens . By contrast, cysteine appeared to be a preferred nitrogen source for all non- Saccharomyces yeasts. In sequential fermentation, these specific profiles of amino-acid consumption by non- Saccharomyces yeasts may account for

  1. Determination of non-volatile radiolytic compounds in ethylene co-vinyl alcohol

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kothapalli, A.; Sadler, G.

    2003-08-01

    The use of ionizing radiation on food contact polymers is increasing due to the critical role of the package in holding or containing the irradiated foods [Food Add. Contam. 18(6) (2001) 475]. Irradiation benefits the food if properly applied and the food is pre-packaged prior to irradiation to protect it from subsequent recontamination. The United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) has approved the use of ionizing radiation within the dosage range of 0-60 kGy on limited films since the 1960s [USFDA 21CFR 179.45]. The obstacle in the way of approval of additional polymers is that FDA fears that these materials may undergo changes during irradiation producing toxic radiolytic fragments. Ethylene co-vinyl alcohol (EVOH), which is often used in food applications, is not approved by the FDA for pre-packaged irradiated foods. The present work examines the non-volatile radiolytic compounds, which may be formed due to exposure to gamma irradiation at the dosage levels of 3 and 10 kGy versus a non-radiated control. Irradiated EVOH is subjected to extraction with 95:5 ethanol and water (by volume) as the food simulating solvent (FSS) for a period of 10 days at 40 °C, which models the amount of radiolytic compound a food would extract in 1 year [USFDA Chemistry Requirement for Food Contact Notification]. The FSS is then analyzed for the presence of non-volatile compounds using advanced liquid chromatographic techniques. The chromatograms obtained from different dosages show that non-volatile radiolytic compounds are not formed in EVOH and it would, therefore be in compliance with safety demands of USFDA [Available at: http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/opa-guid.html#ref and http://www.access.gpo.gov/nara/cfr/cfr-table-search.html#page1].

  2. Investigation of multilayer WS2 flakes as charge trapping stack layers in non-volatile memories

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Hong; Ren, Deliang; Lu, Chao; Yan, Xiaobing

    2018-06-01

    In this study, the non-volatile flash memory devices utilize tungsten sulfide flakes as the charge trapping stack layers were fabricated. The sandwiched structure of Pd/ZHO/WS2/ZHO/WS2/SiO2/Si manifests a memory window of 2.26 V and a high density of trapped charges 4.88 × 1012/cm2 under a ±5 V gate sweeping voltage. Moreover, the data retention results of as-fabricated non-volatile memories demonstrate that the high and low capacitance states are enhanced by 3.81% and 3.11%, respectively, after a measurement duration of 1.20 × 104 s. These remarkable achievements are probably attributed to the defects and band gap of WS2 flakes. Besides, the proposed memory fabrication is not only compatible with CMOS manufacturing processes but also gets rid of the high-temperature annealing process. Overall, this proposed non-volatile memory is highly attractive for low voltage, long data retention applications.

  3. Improving volatile fatty acids production by exploiting the residual substrates in post-fermented sludge: Protease catalysis of refractory protein.

    PubMed

    Yin, Bo; Liu, Hongbo; Wang, Yuanyuan; Bai, Jie; Liu, He; Fu, Bo

    2016-03-01

    The real cause to the low yield of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), from inhibition or low biodegradation, is uncertain in sludge anaerobic fermentation. In this study, poor biodegradability of proteins and fast decrease of the indigenous hydrolase activity in the residual post-fermented sludge were found to be the major reasons. With the addition of trypsin or alkaline protease in residual post-fermented sludge after primary alkaline fermentation, degradation efficiency of refractory protein increased by 33.6% and 34.8%, respectively. Accordingly, the VFAs yields were improved by 69.7% and 106.1%, respectively. Furthermore, the activities of added trypsin and alkaline protease could maintain at 13.52 U/mL and 19.11 U/mL in the alkaline fermentation process. This study demonstrated that exploiting the refractory proteins in residual post-fermented sludge by protease addition seems to be a very promising way for improving VFAs yield of conventional alkaline fermentations with waste activated sludge. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  4. Changes in Volatile and Non-Volatile Flavor Chemicals of “Valencia” Orange Juice over the Harvest Seasons

    PubMed Central

    Bai, Jinhe; Baldwin, Elizabeth A.; McCollum, Greg; Plotto, Anne; Manthey, John A.; Widmer, Wilbur W.; Luzio, Gary; Cameron, Randall

    2016-01-01

    Florida “Valencia” oranges have a wide harvest window, covering four months after first reaching the commercial maturity. However, the influence of harvest time on juice flavor chemicals is not well documented, with the exception of sugars and acids. Therefore, we investigated the major flavor chemicals, volatile (aroma), non-volatile (taste) and mouth feel attributes, in the two harvest seasons (March to June in 2007 and February to May in 2012). Bitter limonoid compounds, limonin and nomilin, decreased gradually. Out of a total of 94 volatiles, 32 increased, 47 peaked mid to late season, and 15 decreased. Juice insoluble solids and pectin content increased over the season; however, pectin methylesterase activity remained unchanged. Fruit harvested in the earlier months had lower flavor quality. Juice from later harvests had a higher sugar/acid ratio with less bitterness, while, many important aroma compounds occurred at the highest concentrations in the middle to late season, but occurred at lower concentrations at the end of the season. The results provide information to the orange juice processing industry for selection of optimal harvest time and for setting of precise blending strategy. PMID:28231099

  5. Electrophysiological and behavioral responses of Dendroctonus valens to non-host volatiles

    Treesearch

    Long-wa Zhang; Nancy E. Gillette; Jiang-hua Sun

    2007-01-01

    Non-host volatiles (NHVs) that are often reported as being disruptive to coniferophagous bark beetles were tested for both electrophysiological and behavioral effects on the red turpentine beetle, Dendroctonus valens LeConte (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae), which was accidentally introduced into China in the mid-1980's. All NHVs tested...

  6. Reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Butler, J., E-mail: jbutl001@ucr.edu; Lee, B.; Shachar, M.

    2014-04-28

    In this paper, we discuss the concept and prototype fabrication of reconfigurable and non-volatile vertical magnetic logic gates. These gates consist of two input layers and a RESET layer. The RESET layer allows the structure to be used as either an AND or an OR gate, depending on its magnetization state. To prove this concept, the gates were fabricated using a multi-layered patterned magnetic media, in which three magnetic layers are stacked and exchange-decoupled via non-magnetic interlayers. We demonstrate the functionality of these logic gates by conducting atomic force microscopy and magnetic force microscopy (MFM) analysis of the multi-layered patternedmore » magnetic media. The logic gates operation mechanism and fabrication feasibility are both validated by the MFM imaging results.« less

  7. A bi-stable nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory based on van der Waals force

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Soon, Bo Woon; Jiaqiang Ng, Eldwin; Qian, You; Singh, Navab; Julius Tsai, Minglin; Lee, Chengkuo

    2013-07-01

    By using complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor processes, a silicon based bi-stable nanoelectromechanical non-volatile memory is fabricated and characterized. The main feature of this device is an 80 nm wide and 3 μm high silicon nanofin (SiNF) of a high aspect ratio (1:35). The switching mechanism is realized by electrostatic actuation between two lateral electrodes, i.e., terminals. Bi-stable hysteresis behavior is demonstrated when the SiNF maintains its contact to one of the two terminals by leveraging on van der Waals force even after voltage bias is turned off. The compelling results indicate that this design is promising for realization of high density non-volatile memory application due to its nano-scale footprint and zero on-hold power consumption.

  8. Simulation of Titan's atmospheric photochemistry. Formation of non-volatile residue from polar nitrile ices

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Couturier-Tamburelli, Isabelle; Piétri, Nathalie; Gudipati, Murthy S.

    2015-06-01

    We studied the photochemistry of frozen ice of a polar Titan's atmospheric molecule cyanodiacetylene (HC5N) to determine the possible contribution of this compound to the lower altitude photochemistry of haze layers found on Titan. We used infrared analysis to examine the residue produced by irradiation of solid HC5N at λ > 300 nm. The resulting polymer is orange-brown in color. Based on theoretical analysis and the general tendency of HC5N and C4N2 to undergo similar ice photochemistry at longer wavelengths accessible in Titan's lower atmosphere, we conclude that Titan's lower atmosphere is photochemically active in the regions of cloud, ice, and aerosol formation. C4N2is a symmetric molecule with no net dipole moment whereas, HC5N has a large dipole moment of ~4 D. Consequently, though both these molecules have very similar molecular weight and size, their sublimation temperatures are different, HC5N subliming around 170 K compared to 160 K for C4N2. Based on our studies we conclude that in Titan's atmosphere the cyanoacetylene class of molecules (HCN, HC3N, HC5N, etc.) would condense first followed by the dicyanoacetylenes (C2N2, C4N2, C6N2, etc.), leading to fractionation of different class of molecules. From the fluxes used in the laboratory and depletion of the original HC5N signals, we estimate Titan's haze ice photochemistry involving polar nitriles to be significant and very similar to their non-polar counterparts.

  9. Different importance of the volatile and non-volatile fractions of an olfactory signature for individual social recognition in rats versus mice and short-term versus long-term memory.

    PubMed

    Noack, Julia; Richter, Karin; Laube, Gregor; Haghgoo, Hojjat Allah; Veh, Rüdiger W; Engelmann, Mario

    2010-11-01

    When tested in the olfactory cued social recognition/discrimination test, rats and mice differ in their retention of a recognition memory for a previously encountered conspecific juvenile: Rats are able to recognize a given juvenile for approximately 45 min only whereas mice show not only short-term, but also long-term recognition memory (≥ 24 h). Here we modified the social recognition/social discrimination procedure to investigate the neurobiological mechanism(s) underlying the species differences. We presented a conspecific juvenile repeatedly to the experimental subjects and monitored the investigation duration as a measure for recognition. Presentation of only the volatile fraction of the juvenile olfactory signature was sufficient for both short- and long-term recognition in mice but not rats. Applying additional volatile, mono-molecular odours to the "to be recognized" juveniles failed to affect short-term memory in both species, but interfered with long-term recognition in mice. Finally immunocytochemical analysis of c-Fos as a marker for cellular activation, revealed that juvenile exposure stimulated areas involved in the processing of olfactory signals in both the main and the accessory olfactory bulb in mice. In rats, we measured an increased c-Fos synthesis almost exclusively in cells of the accessory olfactory bulb. Our data suggest that the species difference in the retention of social recognition memory is based on differences in the processing of the volatile versus non-volatile fraction of the individuals' olfactory signature. The non-volatile fraction is sufficient for retaining a short-term social memory only. Long-term social memory - as observed in mice - requires a processing of both the volatile and non-volatile fractions of the olfactory signature. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  10. Precision Cleaning of Oxygen Systems and Components

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    McLaughlin, Russell

    2009-01-01

    Currently, NASA uses Dichloropentafluoropropane (HCFC-225), a Class II ozone depleting substance (ODs), to clean contaminated oxygen systems. Starting in 20 15, the Montreal Protocols and Clean Air Act prohibit the production and importation of all hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFC), except for limited use in refrigeration applications. Thus, a new non-ozone depleting solvent needs to be developed for use in cleaning. Optimally, such a solvent should also be environmentally benign or green to avoid needing to replace the new solvent with yet another solvent in the future due to other environmental concerns. Work for the first year consisted of two parts. The first part was developing a method of testing the cleaning efficiency of potential solvents. Stainless steel coupons were contaminated with a known weight of various contaminants and contaminant combinations and then immersed in solvent for ten minutes. The coupons were then removed and dried in an oven until all solvent had evaporated. Once dry, the coupons were weighed and the mass of the non-volatile residue (NVR) left on the coupon was determined. The cleaning efficiency of the solvents is reported as percent cleaning, with 100% cleaning being zero NVR left on the test coupon. The second half of the first goal was to use the develop method to perform baseline testing on current solvents. The second part of the work was to begin exploring alternative cleaning solvents. A variety of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) were tested. Preliminary testing was also performed with ionic liquids and aqueous surfactant solutions. Once potential solvents were identified, an analysis of the performance and environmental characteristics of each was to be conducted. Four contaminants were specified for use in testing. These are Mil-Spec-H-5606 (5606), a hydraulic fluid, Mil-H-83282B (83282), another hydraulic fluid, diethylhexyl sebacate (Sebacate), and WD-40. The structures of these contaminants are all similar, with long aliphatic

  11. Non-volatile magnetic random access memory

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Katti, Romney R. (Inventor); Stadler, Henry L. (Inventor); Wu, Jiin-Chuan (Inventor)

    1994-01-01

    Improvements are made in a non-volatile magnetic random access memory. Such a memory is comprised of an array of unit cells, each having a Hall-effect sensor and a thin-film magnetic element made of material having an in-plane, uniaxial anisotropy and in-plane, bipolar remanent magnetization states. The Hall-effect sensor is made more sensitive by using a 1 m thick molecular beam epitaxy grown InAs layer on a silicon substrate by employing a GaAs/AlGaAs/InAlAs superlattice buffering layer. One improvement avoids current shunting problems of matrix architecture. Another improvement reduces the required magnetizing current for the micromagnets. Another improvement relates to the use of GaAs technology wherein high electron-mobility GaAs MESFETs provide faster switching times. Still another improvement relates to a method for configuring the invention as a three-dimensional random access memory.

  12. Evaluation of Contamination Inspection and Analysis Methods through Modeling System Performance

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Seasly, Elaine; Dever, Jason; Stuban, Steven M. F.

    2016-01-01

    Contamination is usually identified as a risk on the risk register for sensitive space systems hardware. Despite detailed, time-consuming, and costly contamination control efforts during assembly, integration, and test of space systems, contaminants are still found during visual inspections of hardware. Improved methods are needed to gather information during systems integration to catch potential contamination issues earlier and manage contamination risks better. This research explores evaluation of contamination inspection and analysis methods to determine optical system sensitivity to minimum detectable molecular contamination levels based on IEST-STD-CC1246E non-volatile residue (NVR) cleanliness levels. Potential future degradation of the system is modeled given chosen modules representative of optical elements in an optical system, minimum detectable molecular contamination levels for a chosen inspection and analysis method, and determining the effect of contamination on the system. By modeling system performance based on when molecular contamination is detected during systems integration and at what cleanliness level, the decision maker can perform trades amongst different inspection and analysis methods and determine if a planned method is adequate to meet system requirements and manage contamination risk.

  13. Non-volatile resistive switching in the Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Querré, M.; Tranchant, J.; Corraze, B.; Cordier, S.; Bouquet, V.; Députier, S.; Guilloux-Viry, M.; Besland, M.-P.; Janod, E.; Cario, L.

    2018-05-01

    The discovery of non-volatile resistive switching in Mott insulators related to an electric-field-induced insulator to metal transition (IMT) has paved the way for their use in a new type of non-volatile memories, the Mott memories. While most of the previous studies were dedicated to uncover the resistive switching mechanism and explore the memory potential of chalcogenide Mott insulators, we present here a comprehensive study of resistive switching in the canonical oxide Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3. Our work demonstrates that this compound undergoes a non-volatile resistive switching under electric field. This resistive switching is induced by a Mott transition at the local scale which creates metallic domains closely related to existing phases of the temperature-pressure phase diagram of (V1-xCrx)2O3. Our work demonstrates also reversible resistive switching in (V1-xCrx)2O3 crystals and thin film devices. Preliminary performances obtained on 880 nm thick layers with 500 nm electrodes show the strong potential of Mott memories based on the Mott insulator (V1-xCrx)2O3.

  14. The origin of volatiles in the Earth's mantle

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hier-Majumder, Saswata; Hirschmann, Marc M.

    2017-08-01

    The Earth's deep interior contains significant reservoirs of volatiles such as H, C, and N. Due to the incompatible nature of these volatile species, it has been difficult to reconcile their storage in the residual mantle immediately following crystallization of the terrestrial magma ocean (MO). As the magma ocean freezes, it is commonly assumed that very small amounts of melt are retained in the residual mantle, limiting the trapped volatile concentration in the primordial mantle. In this article, we show that inefficient melt drainage out of the freezing front can retain large amounts of volatiles hosted in the trapped melt in the residual mantle while creating a thick early atmosphere. Using a two-phase flow model, we demonstrate that compaction within the moving freezing front is inefficient over time scales characteristic of magma ocean solidification. We employ a scaling relation between the trapped melt fraction, the rate of compaction, and the rate of freezing in our magma ocean evolution model. For cosmochemically plausible fractions of volatiles delivered during the later stages of accretion, our calculations suggest that up to 77% of total H2O and 12% of CO2 could have been trapped in the mantle during magma ocean crystallization. The assumption of a constant trapped melt fraction underestimates the mass of volatiles in the residual mantle by more than an order of magnitude.Plain Language SummaryThe Earth's deep interior contains substantial amounts of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements like C, H, and N. How these elements got sequestered in the Earth's interior has long been a topic of debate. It is generally assumed that most of these elements escaped the interior of the Earth during the first few hundred thousand years to create a primitive atmosphere, leaving the mantle reservoir nearly empty. In this work, we show that the key to this paradox involves the very early stages of crystallization of the mantle from a global</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084136','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25084136"><span>Monitoring of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> urban air genotoxins using bacteria, human cells and plants.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ceretti, E; Zani, C; Zerbini, I; Viola, G; Moretti, M; Villarini, M; Dominici, L; Monarca, S; Feretti, D</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Urban air contains many mutagenic pollutants. This research aimed to investigate the presence of mutagens in the air by short-term mutagenicity tests using bacteria, human cells and plants. Inflorescences of Tradescantia were exposed to air in situ for 6h, once a month from January to May, to monitor <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds and micronuclei frequency was computed. On the same days PM10 was collected continuously for 24h. Half of each filter was extracted with organic solvents and studied by means of the Ames test, using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains, and the comet assay on human leukocytes. A quarter of each filter was extracted with distilled water in which Tradescantia was exposed. PM10 concentration was particularly high in the winter season (> 50 μg/m(3)). In situ exposure of inflorescences to urban air induced a significant increase in micronuclei frequency at all the sites considered, but only in January (p < 0.01). Aqueous extracts collected in January and February induced genotoxic effects in Tradescantia exposed in the laboratory (p < 0.01). Ames test showed that organic extracts of winter urban air were able to induce genetic mutations in S. typhimurium TA98 strain (± S9), but not in TA100 strain, with a revertants/plate number nine times higher than the negative control. Comet assay showed that winter extracts were more toxic and genotoxic than spring extracts. All the mutagenicity tests performed confirmed that urban air in North Italy in winter contains both <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> genotoxic substances able to induce genetic damage in bacteria, human cells and plants. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...810273H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...810273H"><span>Multilevel <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> data storage utilizing common current hysteresis of networked single walled carbon nanotubes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hwang, Ihn; Wang, Wei; Hwang, Sun Kak; Cho, Sung Hwan; Kim, Kang Lib; Jeong, Beomjin; Huh, June; Park, Cheolmin</p> <p>2016-05-01</p> <p>The characteristic source-drain current hysteresis frequently observed in field-effect transistors with networked single walled carbon-nanotube (NSWNT) channels is problematic for the reliable switching and sensing performance of devices. But the two distinct current states of the hysteresis curve at a zero gate voltage can be useful for memory applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> transistor memory with solution-processed NSWNTs which are suitable for multilevel data programming and reading. A polymer passivation layer with a small amount of water employed on the top of the NSWNT channel serves as an efficient gate voltage dependent charge trapping and de-trapping site. A systematic investigation evidences that the water mixed in a polymer passivation solution is critical for reliable <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory operation. The optimized device is air-stable and temperature-resistive up to 80 °C and exhibits excellent <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory performance with an on/off current ratio greater than 104, a switching time less than 100 ms, data retention longer than 4000 s, and write/read endurance over 100 cycles. Furthermore, the gate voltage dependent charge injection mediated by water in the passivation layer allowed for multilevel operation of our memory in which 4 distinct current states were programmed repetitively and preserved over a long time period.The characteristic source-drain current hysteresis frequently observed in field-effect transistors with networked single walled carbon-nanotube (NSWNT) channels is problematic for the reliable switching and sensing performance of devices. But the two distinct current states of the hysteresis curve at a zero gate voltage can be useful for memory applications. In this work, we demonstrate a novel <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> transistor memory with solution-processed NSWNTs which are suitable for multilevel data programming and reading. A polymer passivation layer with a small amount of water employed on the top of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22953855','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22953855"><span>Metabolomic profiling of beer reveals effect of temperature on <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> small molecules during short-term storage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Heuberger, Adam L; Broeckling, Corey D; Lewis, Matthew R; Salazar, Lauren; Bouckaert, Peter; Prenni, Jessica E</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The effect of temperature on <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds in beer has not been well characterised during storage. Here, a metabolomics approach was applied to characterise the effect of storage temperature on <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolite variation after 16weeks of storage, using fresh beer as a control. The metabolite profile of room temperature stored (RT) and cold temperature stored (CT) beer differed significantly from fresh, with the most substantial variation observed between RT and fresh beer. Metabolites that changed during storage included prenylated flavonoids, purines, and peptides, and all showed reduced quantitative variation under the CT storage conditions. Corresponding sensory panel observations indicated significant beer oxidation after 12 and 16weeks of storage, with higher values reported for RT samples. These data support that temperature affected beer oxidation during short-term storage, and reveal 5-methylthioadenosine (5-MTA) as a candidate <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolite marker for beer oxidation and staling. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAP...113n4302Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JAP...113n4302Y"><span>A room-temperature <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> CNT-based molecular memory cell</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ye, Senbin; Jing, Qingshen; Han, Ray P. S.</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Recent experiments with a carbon nanotube (CNT) system confirmed that the innertube can oscillate back-and-forth even under a room-temperature excitation. This demonstration of relative motion suggests that it is now feasible to build a CNT-based molecular memory cell (MC), and the key to bring the concept to reality is the precision control of the moving tube for sustained and reliable read/write (RW) operations. Here, we show that by using a 2-section outertube design, we are able to suitably recalibrate the system energetics and obtain the designed performance characteristics of a MC. Further, the resulting energy modification enables the MC to operate as a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory element at room temperatures. Our paper explores a fundamental understanding of a MC and its response at the molecular level to roadmap a novel approach in memory technologies that can be harnessed to overcome the miniaturization limit and memory <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in memory technologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SSEle.125...25C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SSEle.125...25C"><span>A review of emerging <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) technologies and applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, An</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>This paper will review emerging <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) technologies, with the focus on phase change memory (PCM), spin-transfer-torque random-access-memory (STTRAM), resistive random-access-memory (RRAM), and ferroelectric field-effect-transistor (FeFET) memory. These promising NVM devices are evaluated in terms of their advantages, challenges, and applications. Their performance is compared based on reported parameters of major industrial test chips. Memory selector devices and cell structures are discussed. Changing market trends toward low power (e.g., mobile, IoT) and data-centric applications create opportunities for emerging NVMs. High-performance and low-cost emerging NVMs may simplify memory hierarchy, introduce <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span> in logic gates and circuits, reduce system power, and enable novel architectures. Storage-class memory (SCM) based on high-density NVMs could fill the performance and density gap between memory and storage. Some unique characteristics of emerging NVMs can be utilized for novel applications beyond the memory space, e.g., neuromorphic computing, hardware security, etc. In the beyond-CMOS era, emerging NVMs have the potential to fulfill more important functions and enable more efficient, intelligent, and secure computing systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29803489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29803489"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolites in rice wine fermented by Koji inoculated with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and Aspergillus oryzae.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Son, Eun Yeong; Lee, Sang Mi; Kim, Minjoo; Seo, Jeong-Ah; Kim, Young-Suk</p> <p>2018-07-01</p> <p>This study investigated <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and nonvolatile metabolite profiles of makgeolli (a traditional rice wine in Korea) fermented by koji inoculated with Saccharomycopsis fibuligera and/or Aspergillus oryzae. The enzyme activities in koji were also examined to determine their effects on the formation of metabolites. The contents of all 18 amino acids detected were the highest in makgeolli fermented by S. fibuligera CN2601-09, and increased after combining with A. oryzae CN1102-08, unlike the contents of most fatty acids. On the other hand, major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolites were fusel alcohols, acetate esters, and ethyl esters. The contents of most fusel alcohols and acetate esters were the highest in makgeolli fermented by S. fibuligera CN2601-09, for which the protease activity was the highest, leading to the largest amounts of amino acods. The makgeolli samples fermented only by koji inoculated with S. fibuligera could be discriminated on PCA plots from the makgeolli samples fermented in combination with A. oryzae. In the case of nonvolatile metabolites, all amino acids and some metabolites such as xylose, 2-methylbenzoic acid, and oxalic acid contributed mainly to the characteristics of makgeolli fermented by koji inoculated with S. fibuligera and A. oryzae. These results showed that the formations of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and nonvolatile metabolites in makgeolli can be significantly affected by microbial strains with different enzyme activities in koji. To our knowledge, this study is the first report on the effects of S. fibuligera strains on the formation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolites in rice wine, facilitating their use in brewing rice wine. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.6221A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009EGUGA..11.6221A"><span>Occurrence of pesticide <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> in physical and chemical fractions from two natural soils.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andreou, K.; Jones, K.; Semple, K.</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>Distribution of pesticide <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> resulted from the incubation of two natural soils with each of the isoproturon, diazinon and cypermethrin pesticide was assessed in this study. Pesticide <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> distribution in soil physical and chemical fractions is known to ultimately affect their fate. This study aimed to address the fate and behaviour of the <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the context of their association with soil physical and chemical fractions with varying properties and characteristics. <span class="hlt">Non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> were formed from incubation of each pesticide in the two natural soils over a period of 24 months. Soils containing the <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> were fractionated into three solid phase fractions using a physical fractionation procedure as follows: Sediment (SED, >20 μm), (II) Microaggregate (MA, 20-2 μm) and (III) Colloid phase (COL, 2-0.05 μm). Each soil fraction was then fractionated into organic carbon chemical fractionations as follows: Fulvic acid (FA), Humic acid (HA) and Humin (HM). Significant amount of the pesticides was lost during the incubation period. Enrichment factors for the organic carbon and the 14C-pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> were higher in the MA and COL fraction rather than the SED fraction. Greater association and enrichment of the fulvic acid fraction of the organic carbon in the soil was observed. <span class="hlt">Non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> at the FA fraction showed to diminish while in the HA fraction were increased with decreasing the fraction size. An appreciable amount of <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> were located in the HM fraction but this was less than the amount recovered in the humic substances. Long term fate of pesticide <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the soil structural components is important in order to assess any risk associated with them.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318325','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26318325"><span>Taste detection of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> isothiocyanate moringin results in deterrence to glucosinolate-adapted insect larvae.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Müller, Caroline; van Loon, Joop; Ruschioni, Sara; De Nicola, Gina Rosalinda; Olsen, Carl Erik; Iori, Renato; Agerbirk, Niels</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>Isothiocyanates (ITCs), released from Brassicales plants after hydrolysis of glucosinolates, are known for their negative effects on herbivores but mechanisms have been elusive. The ITCs are initially present in dissolved form at the site of herbivore feeding, but <span class="hlt">volatile</span> ITCs may subsequently enter the gas phase and all ITCs may react with matrix components. Deterrence to herbivores resulting from topically applied <span class="hlt">volatile</span> ITCs in artificial feeding assays may hence lead to ambiguous conclusions. In the present study, the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> ITC moringin (4-(α-L-rhamnopyranosyloxy)benzyl ITC) and its glucosinolate precursor glucomoringin were examined for effects on behaviour and taste physiology of specialist insect herbivores of Brassicales. In feeding bioassays, glucomoringin was not deterrent to larvae of Pieris napi (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and Athalia rosae (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae), which are adapted to glucosinolates. Glucomoringin stimulated feeding of larvae of the related Pieris brassicae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) and also elicited electrophysiological activity from a glucosinolate-sensitive gustatory neuron in the lateral maxillary taste sensilla. In contrast, the ITC moringin was deterrent to P. napi and P. brassicae at high levels and to A. rosae at both high and low levels when topically applied to cabbage leaf discs (either 12, 120 or 1200 nmol moringin per leaf disc of 1cm diameter). Survival of A. rosae was also significantly reduced when larvae were kept on leaves treated with moringin for several days. Furthermore, moringin elicited electrophysiological activity in a deterrent-sensitive neuron in the medial maxillary taste sensillum of P. brassicae, providing a sensory mechanism for the deterrence and the first known ITC taste response of an insect. In simulated feeding assays, recovery of moringin was high, in accordance with its <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> nature. Our results demonstrate taste-mediated deterrence of a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, natural ITC to glucosinolate</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950025372','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950025372"><span>Replacement of ozone depleting and toxic chemicals in gravimetric analysis of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> <span class="hlt">residue</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Arnold, G. S.; Uht, J. C.; Sinsheimer, F. B.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>The standard tests for determining nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span> accretion on spacecraft surfaces and in clean processing facilities rely on the use of halogenated solvents that are targeted for elimination because of their toxic or ozone-depleting natures. This paper presents a literature-based screening survey for candidate replacement solvents. Potential replacements were evaluated for their vapor pressure, toxicity, and solvent properties. Three likely candidates were identified: ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, and acetone. Laboratory tests are presented that evaluate the suitability of these candidate replacement solvents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156271','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20156271"><span>Measurements of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound contents in resins using a moisture analyzer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hashimoto, Masanori; Nagano, Futami; Endo, Kazuhiko; Ohno, Hiroki</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>The contents of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> adhesive compounds, such as water, solvents, and <span class="hlt">residual</span> unpolymerized monomers, affect the integrity and durability of adhesive bonding. However, there is no method available that can be used to rapidly assess the <span class="hlt">residual</span> solvent or water contents of adhesive resins. This study examined the effectiveness of a digital moisture analyzer to measure the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound contents of resins. Five self-etching adhesives and seven experimental light-cured resins prepared with different contents (0, 10, and 20% by weight) of water or solvents (acetone and ethanol) were examined in this study. The resins were prepared using different methods (with and without air blast or light-curing) to simulate the clinical conditions of adhesive application. Resin weight changes (% of weight loss) were determined as the <span class="hlt">residual</span> <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound contents, using the moisture analyzer. After the measurements, the resin films were examined using a scanning electron microscope. The weight changes of the resins were found to depend on the amount of water or solvents evaporating from the resin. Water and solvents were evaporated by air blast or light-curing, but some of the water and solvents remained in the cured resin. The moisture analyzer is easy to operate and is a useful instrument for using to measure the <span class="hlt">residual</span> <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound contents of adhesive resin.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346778','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17346778"><span>Modelling of the long-term fate of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in agricultural soils and their surface exchange with the atmosphere: Part II. Projected long-term fate of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Scholtz, M T; Bidleman, T F</p> <p>2007-05-01</p> <p>In the first part of this paper, a simple coupled dynamic soil-atmosphere model for studying the gaseous exchange of pesticide soil <span class="hlt">residues</span> with the atmosphere is described and evaluated by comparing model results with published measurements of pesticide concentrations in air and soil. In Part II, the model is used to study the concentration profiles of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in both undisturbed and annually tilled agricultural soils. Future trends are estimated for the measured air and soil concentrations of lindane and six highly persistent pesticides (toxaphene, p,p'-DDE, dieldrin, cis- and trans-chlordane and trans-nonachlor) over a twenty-year period due to <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> and leaching into the deeper soil. Wet deposition and particle associated pesticide deposition (that increase soil <span class="hlt">residue</span> concentrations) and soil erosion, degradation in the soil (other than for lindane) and run-off in precipitation are not considered in this study. Estimates of the rain deposition fluxes are reported that show that, other than for lindane, net <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> fluxes greatly exceed rain deposition fluxes. The model shows that the persistent pesticides studied are highly immobile in soil and that loss of these highly persistent <span class="hlt">residues</span> from the soil is by <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> rather than leaching into the deeper soil. The soil <span class="hlt">residue</span> levels of these six pesticides are currently sources of net <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> to the atmosphere and will remain so for many years. The maximum rate of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from the soil was simulated by setting the atmospheric background concentration to zero; these simulations show that the rates of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> will not be significantly increased since soil resistance rather than the atmospheric concentration controls the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> rates. Annual tilling of the soils increases the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> loss to the atmosphere. Nonetheless, the model predicts that, if only air-soil exchange is considered, more than 76% of current persistent pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176889','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26176889"><span>The effect of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on percutaneous absorption.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rouse, Nicole C; Maibach, Howard I</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Topically applied chemicals may <span class="hlt">volatilize</span>, or evaporate, from skin leaving behind a chemical <span class="hlt">residue</span> with new percutaneous absorptive capabilities. Understanding <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of topical medications, such as sunscreens, fragrances, insect repellants, cosmetics and other commonly applied topicals may have implications for their safety and efficacy. A systematic review of English language articles from 1979 to 2014 was performed using key search terms. Articles were evaluated to assess the relationship between <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and percutaneous absorption. A total of 12 articles were selected and reviewed. Key findings were that absorption is enhanced when coupled with a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> substance, occlusion prevents evaporation and increases absorption, high ventilation increases <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> and reduces absorption, and pH of skin has an affect on a chemical's <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The articles also brought to light that different methods may have an affect on <span class="hlt">volatility</span>: different body regions; in vivo vs. in vitro; human vs. Data suggest that <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is crucial for determining safety and efficacy of cutaneous exposures and therapies. Few articles have been documented reporting evaporation in the context of percutaneous absorption, and of those published, great variability exists in methods. Further investigation of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is needed to properly evaluate its role in percutaneous absorption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18656674','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18656674"><span>Hydrodistillation-adsorption method for the isolation of water-soluble, <span class="hlt">non</span>-soluble and high <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds from plant materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mastelić, J; Jerković, I; Blazević, I; Radonić, A; Krstulović, L</p> <p>2008-08-15</p> <p>Proposed method of hydrodistillation-adsorption (HDA) on activated carbon and hydrodistillation (HD) with solvent trap were compared for the isolation of water-soluble, <span class="hlt">non</span>-soluble and high <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds, such as acids, monoterpenes, isothiocyanates and others from carob (Certonia siliqua L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and rocket (Eruca sativa L.). Isolated <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were analyzed by GC and GC/MS. The main advantages of HDA method over ubiquitous HD method were higher yields of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds and their simultaneous separation in three fractions that enabled more detail analyses. This method is particularly suitable for the isolation and analysis of the plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> with high amounts of water-soluble compounds. In distinction from previously published adsorption of remaining <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds from distillation water on activated carbon, this method offers simultaneous hydrodistillation and adsorption in the same apparatus.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.4533E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.4533E"><span>Wintertime hygroscopicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of ambient urban aerosol particles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Enroth, Joonas; Mikkilä, Jyri; Németh, Zoltán; Kulmala, Markku; Salma, Imre</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p> particles were ordinarily <span class="hlt">volatile</span>. They could be composed of moderately transformed aged combustion particles consisting of partly oxygenated organics, inorganic salts and soot. The larger particles contained internally mixed <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> chemical species as a refractory <span class="hlt">residual</span> in 20-25 % of the aerosol material (by volume).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...624406K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...624406K"><span>Highly Stretchable <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Nylon Thread Memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kang, Ting-Kuo</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Integration of electronic elements into textiles, to afford e-textiles, can provide an ideal platform for the development of lightweight, thin, flexible, and stretchable e-textiles. This approach will enable us to meet the demands of the rapidly growing market of wearable-electronics on arbitrary <span class="hlt">non</span>-conventional substrates. However the actual integration of the e-textiles that undergo mechanical deformations during both assembly and daily wear or satisfy the requirements of the low-end applications, remains a challenge. Resistive memory elements can also be fabricated onto a nylon thread (NT) for e-textile applications. In this study, a simple dip-and-dry process using graphene-PEDOT:PSS (poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate) ink is proposed for the fabrication of a highly stretchable <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> NT memory. The NT memory appears to have typical write-once-read-many-times characteristics. The results show that an ON/OFF ratio of approximately 103 is maintained for a retention time of 106 s. Furthermore, a highly stretchable strain and a long-term digital-storage capability of the ON-OFF-ON states are demonstrated in the NT memory. The actual integration of the knitted NT memories into textiles will enable new design possibilities for low-cost and large-area e-textile memory applications.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......261H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010PhDT.......261H"><span>Technology breakthroughs in high performance metal-oxide-semiconductor devices for ultra-high density, low power <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hong, Augustin Jinwoo</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> memory devices have attracted much attention because data can be retained without power consumption more than a decade. Therefore, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices are essential to mobile electronic applications. Among state of the art <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices, NAND flash memory has earned the highest attention because of its ultra-high scalability and therefore its ultra-high storage capacity. However, human desire as well as market competition requires not only larger storage capacity but also lower power consumption for longer battery life time. One way to meet this human desire and extend the benefits of NAND flash memory is finding out new materials for storage layer inside the flash memory, which is called floating gate in the state of the art flash memory device. In this dissertation, we study new materials for the floating gate that can lower down the power consumption and increase the storage capacity at the same time. To this end, we employ various materials such as metal nanodot, metal thin film and graphene incorporating complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processes. Experimental results show excellent memory effects at relatively low operating voltages. Detailed physics and analysis on experimental results are discussed. These new materials for data storage can be promising candidates for future <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory application beyond the state of the art flash technologies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4057666','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4057666"><span>Simultaneous Microwave Extraction and Separation of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Organic Compounds of Boldo Leaves. From Lab to Industrial Scale</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Petigny, Loïc; Périno, Sandrine; Minuti, Matteo; Visinoni, Francesco; Wajsman, Joël; Chemat, Farid</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Microwave extraction and separation has been used to increase the concentration of the extract compared to the conventional method with the same solid/liquid ratio, reducing extraction time and separate at the same time <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Organic Compounds (VOC) from <span class="hlt">non-Volatile</span> Organic Compounds (NVOC) of boldo leaves. As preliminary study, a response surface method has been used to optimize the extraction of soluble material and the separation of VOC from the plant in laboratory scale. The results from the statistical analysis revealed that the optimized conditions were: microwave power 200 W, extraction time 56 min and solid liquid ratio of 7.5% of plants in water. Lab scale optimized microwave method is compared to conventional distillation, and requires a power/mass ratio of 0.4 W/g of water engaged. This power/mass ratio is kept in order to upscale from lab to pilot plant. PMID:24776762</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1739b0080M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1739b0080M"><span>Directionality <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in electroencephalogram time series</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mansor, Mahayaudin M.; Green, David A.; Metcalfe, Andrew V.</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>We compare time series of electroencephalograms (EEGs) from healthy volunteers with EEGs from subjects diagnosed with epilepsy. The EEG time series from the healthy group are recorded during awake state with their eyes open and eyes closed, and the records from subjects with epilepsy are taken from three different recording regions of pre-surgical diagnosis: hippocampal, epileptogenic and seizure zone. The comparisons for these 5 categories are in terms of deviations from linear time series models with constant variance Gaussian white noise error inputs. One feature investigated is directionality, and how this can be modelled by either <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear threshold autoregressive models or <span class="hlt">non</span>-Gaussian errors. A second feature is <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, which is modelled by Generalized AutoRegressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) processes. Other features include the proportion of variability accounted for by time series models, and the skewness and the kurtosis of the <span class="hlt">residuals</span>. The results suggest these comparisons may have diagnostic potential for epilepsy and provide early warning of seizures.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507630','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21507630"><span>Feasibility of biogas production from anaerobic co-digestion of herbal-extraction <span class="hlt">residues</span> with swine manure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yan; Yan, Xi-Luan; Fan, Jie-Ping; Zhu, Jian-Hang; Zhou, Wen-Bin</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>The objective of this work was to examine the feasibility of biogas production from the anaerobic co-digestion of herbal-extraction <span class="hlt">residues</span> with swine manure. Batch and semi-continuous experiments were carried out under mesophilic anaerobic conditions. Batch experiments revealed that the highest specific biogas yield was 294 mL CH(4) g(-1) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids added, obtained at 50% of herbal-extraction <span class="hlt">residues</span> and 3.50 g <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids g(-1) mixed liquor suspended solids. Specific methane yield from swine manure alone was 207 mL CH(4) g(-1) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid added d(-1) at 3.50 g <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids g(-1) mixed liquor suspended solids. Furthermore, specific methane yields were 162, 180 and 220 mL CH(4) g (-1) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids added d(-1) for the reactors co-digesting mixtures with 10%, 25% and 50% herbal-extraction <span class="hlt">residues</span>, respectively. These results suggested that biogas production could be enhanced efficiently by the anaerobic co-digestion of herbal-extraction <span class="hlt">residues</span> with swine manure. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPhD...47p5001G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JPhD...47p5001G"><span>A novel architecture of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> magnetic arithmetic logic unit using magnetic tunnel junctions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Wei; Prenat, Guillaume; Dieny, Bernard</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology is facing increasingly difficult obstacles such as power consumption and interconnection delay. Novel hybrid technologies and architectures are being investigated with the aim to circumvent some of these limits. In particular, hybrid CMOS/magnetic technology based on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) is considered as a very promising approach thanks to the full compatibility of MTJs with CMOS technology. By tightly merging the conventional electronics with magnetism, both logic and memory functions can be implemented in the same device. As a result, <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span> is directly brought into logic circuits, yielding significant improvement of device performances and new functionalities as well. We have conceived an innovative methodology to construct <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> magnetic arithmetic logic units (MALUs) combining spin-transfer torque MTJs with MOS transistors. The present 4-bit MALU utilizes 4 MTJ pairs to store its operation code (opcode). Its operations and performances have been confirmed and evaluated through electrical simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9552E..0RL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9552E..0RL"><span>A graphene-based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Loisel, Loïc.; Maurice, Ange; Lebental, Bérengère; Vezzoli, Stefano; Cojocaru, Costel-Sorin; Tay, Beng Kang</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>We report on the development and characterization of a simple two-terminal <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> graphene switch. After an initial electroforming step during which Joule heating leads to the formation of a nano-gap impeding the current flow, the devices can be switched reversibly between two well-separated resistance states. To do so, either voltage sweeps or pulses can be used, with the condition that VSET < VRESET , where SET is the process decreasing the resistance and RESET the process increasing the resistance. We achieve reversible switching on more than 100 cycles with resistance ratio values of 104. This approach of graphene memory is competitive as compared to other graphene approaches such as redox of graphene oxide, or electro-mechanical switches with suspended graphene. We suggest a switching model based on a planar electro-mechanical switch, whereby electrostatic, elastic and friction forces are competing to switch devices ON and OFF, and the stability in the ON state is achieved by the formation of covalent bonds between the two stretched sides of the graphene, hence bridging the nano-gap. Developing a planar electro-mechanical switch enables to obtain the advantages of electro-mechanical switches while avoiding most of their drawbacks.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...121g3301L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...121g3301L"><span>Characteristics of a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> liquid propellant in liquid-fed ablative pulsed plasma thrusters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ling, William Yeong Liang; Schönherr, Tony; Koizumi, Hiroyuki</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>In the past several decades, the use of electric propulsion in spacecraft has experienced tremendous growth. With the increasing adoption of small satellites in the kilogram range, suitable propulsion systems will be necessary in the near future. Pulsed plasma thrusters (PPTs) were the first form of electric propulsion to be deployed in orbit, and are highly suitable for small satellites due to their inherent simplicity. However, their lifetime is limited by disadvantages such as carbon deposition leading to thruster failure, and complicated feeding systems required due to the conventional use of solid propellants (usually polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)). A promising alternative to solid propellants has recently emerged in the form of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> liquids that are stable in vacuum. This study presents a broad comparison of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> liquid perfluoropolyether (PFPE) and solid PTFE as propellants on a PPT with a common design base. We show that liquid PFPE can be successfully used as a propellant, and exhibits similar plasma discharge properties to conventional solid PTFE, but with a mass bit that is an order of magnitude higher for an identical ablation area. We also demonstrate that the liquid PFPE propellant has exceptional resistance to carbon deposition, completely negating one of the major causes of thruster failure, while solid PTFE exhibited considerable carbon build-up. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy was used to examine the elemental compositions of the surface deposition on the electrodes and the ablation area of the propellant (or PFPE encapsulator). The results show that based on its physical characteristics and behavior, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> liquid PFPE is an extremely promising propellant for use in PPTs, with an extensive scope available for future research and development.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/workshop-report-considerations-developing-leaching-test-methods-semi-and-non-volatile','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/remedytech/workshop-report-considerations-developing-leaching-test-methods-semi-and-non-volatile"><span>Workshop Report: Considerations for Developing Leaching Test Methods for Semi- and <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Organic Compounds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Documents a September 2015 workshop on how to evaluate the potential for leaching of semi- or <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic constituents at contaminated sites where in place treatment has been used to control migration, and from waste that is disposed or re-used.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1158475-separation-metallic-residues-from-dissolution-high-burnup-bwr-fuel-using-nitrogen-trifluoride','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1158475-separation-metallic-residues-from-dissolution-high-burnup-bwr-fuel-using-nitrogen-trifluoride"><span>Separation of metallic <span class="hlt">residues</span> from the dissolution of a high-burnup BWR fuel using nitrogen trifluoride</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>McNamara, Bruce K.; Buck, Edgar C.; Soderquist, Chuck Z.</p> <p>2014-03-23</p> <p>Nitrogen trifluoride (NF 3) was used to fluorinate the metallic <span class="hlt">residue</span> from the dissolution of a high burnup, boiling water reactor fuel (~70 MWd/kgU). The metallic <span class="hlt">residue</span> included the noble metal phase (containing ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, technetium, and molybdenum), and smaller amounts of zirconium, selenium, tellurium, and silver. Exposing the noble metal phase to 10% NF 3 in argon between 400 and 550°C, removed molybdenum and technetium near 400°C as their <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fluorides, and ruthenium near 500C as its <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fluoride. The events were thermally and temporally distinct and the conditions specified are a recipe to separate these transition metalsmore » from each other and from the noble metal phase nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span>. Depletion of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fluorides resulted in substantial exothermicity. Thermal excursion behavior was recorded under <span class="hlt">non</span>-adiabatic, isothermal conditions that typically minimize heat release. Physical characterization of the metallic noble phase and its thermal behavior are consistent with high kinetic velocity reactions encouraged by the nanoparticulate phase or perhaps catalytic influences of the mixed platinum metals with nearly pure phase structure. Post-fluorination, only two phases were present in the <span class="hlt">residual</span> nonvolatile fraction. These were identified as a nano-crystalline, metallic palladium cubic phase and a hexagonal rhodium trifluoride (RhF 3) phase. The two phases were distinct as the sub-µm crystallites of metallic palladium were in contrast to the RhF 3 phase, which grew from the parent nano-crystalline noble-metal phase during fluorination, to acicular crystals exceeding 20-µm in length.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3420218','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3420218"><span>Scalable printed electronics: an organic decoder addressing ferroelectric <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ng, Tse Nga; Schwartz, David E.; Lavery, Leah L.; Whiting, Gregory L.; Russo, Beverly; Krusor, Brent; Veres, Janos; Bröms, Per; Herlogsson, Lars; Alam, Naveed; Hagel, Olle; Nilsson, Jakob; Karlsson, Christer</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Scalable circuits of organic logic and memory are realized using all-additive printing processes. A 3-bit organic complementary decoder is fabricated and used to read and write <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, rewritable ferroelectric memory. The decoder-memory array is patterned by inkjet and gravure printing on flexible plastics. Simulation models for the organic transistors are developed, enabling circuit designs tolerant of the variations in printed devices. We explain the key design rules in fabrication of complex printed circuits and elucidate the performance requirements of materials and devices for reliable organic digital logic. PMID:22900143</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22900143','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22900143"><span>Scalable printed electronics: an organic decoder addressing ferroelectric <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ng, Tse Nga; Schwartz, David E; Lavery, Leah L; Whiting, Gregory L; Russo, Beverly; Krusor, Brent; Veres, Janos; Bröms, Per; Herlogsson, Lars; Alam, Naveed; Hagel, Olle; Nilsson, Jakob; Karlsson, Christer</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Scalable circuits of organic logic and memory are realized using all-additive printing processes. A 3-bit organic complementary decoder is fabricated and used to read and write <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, rewritable ferroelectric memory. The decoder-memory array is patterned by inkjet and gravure printing on flexible plastics. Simulation models for the organic transistors are developed, enabling circuit designs tolerant of the variations in printed devices. We explain the key design rules in fabrication of complex printed circuits and elucidate the performance requirements of materials and devices for reliable organic digital logic.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063187','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2063187"><span>Fumigants and related chemicals in foods: review of <span class="hlt">residue</span> findings, contamination sources, and analytical methods.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Daft, J L</p> <p>1991-03-01</p> <p>Public concern over chemical <span class="hlt">residues</span> in foods increased in the United States during the early 1980s. Potentially hazardous levels of ethylene dibromide (EDB), a relatively <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> fumigant, were detected in several finished grain-based products by governmental food-monitoring laboratories. As a result, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency banned the use of EDB as a fumigant in 1983. Commercial fumigators then began using more of the highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals such as methyl bromide and phosphine. These chemicals are less likely to leave <span class="hlt">residues</span> on stored crops than the previously used fumigants such as EDB, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride. However, trace <span class="hlt">residues</span> of many pest-control fumigants and related industrial chemicals are currently found in assorted foods. This contamination may come from the original fumigation of stored crops, or from the industrial chemicals occurring in the environment and in food processing chains. No potential health problem is indicated at this time. Yet scientists continue to uncover the sources of this chemical contamination, and to develop better methods to monitor foods for it. They also seek better ways to protect foodstuffs from pests prior to human consumption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1096978-architectural-techniques-managing-non-volatile-caches','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1096978-architectural-techniques-managing-non-volatile-caches"><span>Architectural Techniques For Managing <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Caches</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mittal, Sparsh</p> <p></p> <p>As chip power dissipation becomes a critical challenge in scaling processor performance, computer architects are forced to fundamentally rethink the design of modern processors and hence, the chip-design industry is now at a major inflection point in its hardware roadmap. The high leakage power and low density of SRAM poses serious obstacles in its use for designing large on-chip caches and for this reason, researchers are exploring <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) devices, such as spin torque transfer RAM, phase change RAM and resistive RAM. However, since NVMs are not strictly superior to SRAM, effective architectural techniques are required for making themmore » a universal memory solution. This book discusses techniques for designing processor caches using NVM devices. It presents algorithms and architectures for improving their energy efficiency, performance and lifetime. It also provides both qualitative and quantitative evaluation to help the reader gain insights and motivate them to explore further. This book will be highly useful for beginners as well as veterans in computer architecture, chip designers, product managers and technical marketing professionals.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019347','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19940019347"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span>, solid state bistable electrical switch</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Williams, Roger M. (Inventor)</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>A bistable switching element is made of a material whose electrical resistance reversibly decreases in response to intercalation by positive ions. Flow of positive ions between the bistable switching element and a positive ion source is controlled by means of an electrical potential applied across a thermal switching element. The material of the thermal switching element generates heat in response to electrical current flow therethrough, which in turn causes the material to undergo a thermal phase transition from a high electrical resistance state to a low electrical resistance state as the temperature increases above a predetermined value. Application of the electrical potential in one direction renders the thermal switching element conductive to pass electron current out of the ion source. This causes positive ions to flow from the source into the bistable switching element and intercalate the same to produce a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, low resistance logic state. Application of the electrical potential in the opposite direction causes reverse current flow which de-intercalates the bistable logic switching element and produces a high resistance logic state.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=322492&keyword=leaching&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=322492&keyword=leaching&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>WORKSHOP REPORT - CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING LEACHING TEST METHODS FOR SEMI- AND <span class="hlt">NON-VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The report provides a summary of the information exchange at a workshop on the potential for release of semi- or <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic constituents at contaminated sites where sub-surface treatment has been used to control migration, and from waste that is disposed or re-used. The...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2276..352R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2276..352R"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds from illicit cocaine samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Robins, W. H.; Wright, Bob W.</p> <p>1994-10-01</p> <p>Detection of illicit cocaine hydrochloride shipments can be improved if there is a greater understanding of the identity and quantity of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds present. This study provides preliminary data concerning the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds detected in a limited set of cocaine hydrochloride samples. In all cases, cocaine was one of the major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds detected. Other tropeines were detected in almost all samples. Low concentrations of compounds which may be <span class="hlt">residues</span> of processing solvents were observed in some samples. The equilibrium emissivity of cocaine from cocaine hydrochloride was investigated and a value of 83 parts-per-trillion was determined.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27581071','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27581071"><span><span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Ferroelectric Switching of Ferromagnetic Resonance in NiFe/PLZT Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hu, Zhongqiang; Wang, Xinjun; Nan, Tianxiang; Zhou, Ziyao; Ma, Beihai; Chen, Xiaoqin; Jones, John G; Howe, Brandon M; Brown, Gail J; Gao, Yuan; Lin, Hwaider; Wang, Zhiguang; Guo, Rongdi; Chen, Shuiyuan; Shi, Xiaoling; Shi, Wei; Sun, Hongzhi; Budil, David; Liu, Ming; Sun, Nian X</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Magnetoelectric effect, arising from the interfacial coupling between magnetic and electrical order parameters, has recently emerged as a robust means to electrically manipulate the magnetic properties in multiferroic heterostructures. Challenge remains as finding an energy efficient way to modify the distinct magnetic states in a reliable, reversible, and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> manner. Here we report ferroelectric switching of ferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic bilayers consisting of ultrathin ferromagnetic NiFe and ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PLZT) films, where the magnetic anisotropy of NiFe can be electrically modified by low voltages. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements confirm that the interfacial charge-mediated magnetoelectric effect is dominant in NiFe/PLZT heterostructures. <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> modification of ferromagnetic resonance field is demonstrated by applying voltage pulses. The ferroelectric switching of magnetic anisotropy exhibits extensive applications in energy-efficient electronic devices such as magnetoelectric random access memories, magnetic field sensors, and tunable radio frequency (RF)/microwave devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5007664','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5007664"><span><span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Ferroelectric Switching of Ferromagnetic Resonance in NiFe/PLZT Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hu, Zhongqiang; Wang, Xinjun; Nan, Tianxiang; Zhou, Ziyao; Ma, Beihai; Chen, Xiaoqin; Jones, John G.; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.; Gao, Yuan; Lin, Hwaider; Wang, Zhiguang; Guo, Rongdi; Chen, Shuiyuan; Shi, Xiaoling; Shi, Wei; Sun, Hongzhi; Budil, David; Liu, Ming; Sun, Nian X.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Magnetoelectric effect, arising from the interfacial coupling between magnetic and electrical order parameters, has recently emerged as a robust means to electrically manipulate the magnetic properties in multiferroic heterostructures. Challenge remains as finding an energy efficient way to modify the distinct magnetic states in a reliable, reversible, and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> manner. Here we report ferroelectric switching of ferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic bilayers consisting of ultrathin ferromagnetic NiFe and ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PLZT) films, where the magnetic anisotropy of NiFe can be electrically modified by low voltages. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements confirm that the interfacial charge-mediated magnetoelectric effect is dominant in NiFe/PLZT heterostructures. <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> modification of ferromagnetic resonance field is demonstrated by applying voltage pulses. The ferroelectric switching of magnetic anisotropy exhibits extensive applications in energy-efficient electronic devices such as magnetoelectric random access memories, magnetic field sensors, and tunable radio frequency (RF)/microwave devices. PMID:27581071</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...632408H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NatSR...632408H"><span><span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Ferroelectric Switching of Ferromagnetic Resonance in NiFe/PLZT Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hu, Zhongqiang; Wang, Xinjun; Nan, Tianxiang; Zhou, Ziyao; Ma, Beihai; Chen, Xiaoqin; Jones, John G.; Howe, Brandon M.; Brown, Gail J.; Gao, Yuan; Lin, Hwaider; Wang, Zhiguang; Guo, Rongdi; Chen, Shuiyuan; Shi, Xiaoling; Shi, Wei; Sun, Hongzhi; Budil, David; Liu, Ming; Sun, Nian X.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Magnetoelectric effect, arising from the interfacial coupling between magnetic and electrical order parameters, has recently emerged as a robust means to electrically manipulate the magnetic properties in multiferroic heterostructures. Challenge remains as finding an energy efficient way to modify the distinct magnetic states in a reliable, reversible, and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> manner. Here we report ferroelectric switching of ferromagnetic resonance in multiferroic bilayers consisting of ultrathin ferromagnetic NiFe and ferroelectric Pb0.92La0.08Zr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PLZT) films, where the magnetic anisotropy of NiFe can be electrically modified by low voltages. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements confirm that the interfacial charge-mediated magnetoelectric effect is dominant in NiFe/PLZT heterostructures. <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> modification of ferromagnetic resonance field is demonstrated by applying voltage pulses. The ferroelectric switching of magnetic anisotropy exhibits extensive applications in energy-efficient electronic devices such as magnetoelectric random access memories, magnetic field sensors, and tunable radio frequency (RF)/microwave devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=313017','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=313017"><span>Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide insight into production of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> flavor components in mandarin hybrid fruit</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Although many of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> constituents of flavor and aroma in citrus have been identified, the molecular mechanism and regulation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> production is not well understood. Our aim was to understand mechanisms of flavor <span class="hlt">volatile</span> production and regulation in mandarin fruit. To this end fruits...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25684683"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-exponential resistive switching in Ag2S memristors: a key to nanometer-scale <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gubicza, Agnes; Csontos, Miklós; Halbritter, András; Mihály, György</p> <p>2015-03-14</p> <p>The dynamics of resistive switchings in nanometer-scale metallic junctions formed between an inert metallic tip and an Ag film covered by a thin Ag2S layer are investigated. Our thorough experimental analysis and numerical simulations revealed that the resistance change upon a switching bias voltage pulse exhibits a strongly <span class="hlt">non</span>-exponential behaviour yielding markedly different response times at different bias levels. Our results demonstrate the merits of Ag2S nanojunctions as nanometer-scale <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory cells with stable switching ratios, high endurance as well as fast response to write/erase, and an outstanding stability against read operations at technologically optimal bias and current levels.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JPhA...41H4012L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008JPhA...41H4012L"><span>Stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models and Kelvin waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lipton, Alex; Sepp, Artur</p> <p>2008-08-01</p> <p>We use stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models to describe the evolution of an asset price, its instantaneous <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and its realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In particular, we concentrate on the Stein and Stein model (SSM) (1991) for the stochastic asset <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and the Heston model (HM) (1993) for the stochastic asset variance. By construction, the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is not sign definite in SSM and is <span class="hlt">non</span>-negative in HM. It is well known that both models produce closed-form expressions for the prices of vanilla option via the Lewis-Lipton formula. However, the numerical pricing of exotic options by means of the finite difference and Monte Carlo methods is much more complex for HM than for SSM. Until now, this complexity was considered to be an acceptable price to pay for ensuring that the asset <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is <span class="hlt">non</span>-negative. We argue that having negative stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is a psychological rather than financial or mathematical problem, and advocate using SSM rather than HM in most applications. We extend SSM by adding <span class="hlt">volatility</span> jumps and obtain a closed-form expression for the density of the asset price and its realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. We also show that the current method of choice for solving pricing problems with stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> (via the affine ansatz for the Fourier-transformed density function) can be traced back to the Kelvin method designed in the 19th century for studying wave motion problems arising in fluid dynamics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110015854','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110015854"><span>Failure Analysis of Nonvolatile <span class="hlt">Residue</span> (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) Analyzer Model SP-1000</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Potter, Joseph C.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) subcontractor Wiltech contacted the NASA Electrical Lab (NE-L) and requested a failure analysis of a Solvent Purity Meter; model SP-IOOO produced by the VerTis Instrument Company. The meter, used to measure the contaminate in a solvent to determine the relative contamination on spacecraft flight hardware and ground servicing equipment, had been inoperable and in storage for an unknown amount of time. NE-L was asked to troubleshoot the unit and make a determination on what may be required to make the unit operational. Through the use of general troubleshooting processes and the review of a unit in service at the time of analysis, the unit was found to be repairable but would need the replacement of multiple components.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AcMSn..19..567Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003AcMSn..19..567Y"><span>Measurement of <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform <span class="hlt">residual</span> stresses by combined Moiré interferometry and hole-drilling method: Theory, experimental method and applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ya, Min; Dai, Fulong; Xie, Huimin; Lü, Jian</p> <p>2003-12-01</p> <p>Hole-drilling method is one of the most convenient methods for engineering <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress measurement. Combined with moiré interferometry to obtain the relaxed whole-field displacement data, hole-drilling technique can be used to solve <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress problems, both in-depth and in-plane. In this paper, the theory of moiré interferometry and incremental hole-drilling (MIIHD) for <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress measurement is introduced. Three dimensional finite element model is constructed by ABAQUS to obtain the coefficients for the <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress calculation. An experimental system including real-time measurement, automatic data processing and <span class="hlt">residual</span> stresses calculation is established. Two applications for <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform in-depth <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress of surface nanocrystalline material and <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform in-plane <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress of friction stir welding are presented. Experimental results show that MIIHD is effective for both <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform in-depth and in-plane <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress measurements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SSEle..75...33E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012SSEle..75...33E"><span>Feasibility and limitations of anti-fuses based on bistable <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> switches for power electronic applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Erlbacher, T.; Huerner, A.; Bauer, A. J.; Frey, L.</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>Anti-fuse devices based on <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory cells and suitable for power electronic applications are demonstrated for the first time using silicon technology. These devices may be applied as stand alone devices or integrated using standard junction-isolation into application-specific and smart-power integrated circuits. The on-resistance of such devices can be permanently switched by nine orders of magnitude by triggering the anti-fuse with a positive voltage pulse. Extrapolation of measurement data and 2D TCAD process and device simulations indicate that 20 A anti-fuses with 10 mΩ can be reliably fabricated in 0.35 μm technology with a footprint of 2.5 mm2. Moreover, this concept offers distinguished added-values compared to existing mechanical relays, e.g. pre-test, temporary and permanent reset functions, gradual turn-on mode, <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span>, and extendibility to high voltage capability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64837&keyword=Lamb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64837&keyword=Lamb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NATURAL EMISSIONS OF <span class="hlt">NON</span>-METHANE <span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CARBON MONOXIDE, AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN FROM NORTH AMERICA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>The magnitudes, distributions, controlling processes and uncertainties associated with North American natural emissions of oxidant precursors are reviewed. Natural emissions are repsonsible for a major portion of the compounds, including <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (N...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4232380','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/4232380"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> fluoride process for separating plutonium from other materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spedding, F. H.; Newton, A. S.</p> <p>1959-04-14</p> <p>The separation of plutonium from uranium and/or fission products by formation of the higher fluorides off uranium and/or plutonium is described. Neutronirradiated uranium metal is first converted to the hydride. This hydrided product is then treated with fluorine at about 315 deg C to form and <span class="hlt">volatilize</span> UF/sub 6/ leaving plutonium behind. Thc plutonium may then be separated by reacting the <span class="hlt">residue</span> with fluorine at about 5004DEC and collecting the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> plutonium fluoride thus formed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9818E..0JY','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016SPIE.9818E..0JY"><span>A <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> flip-flop based on diode-selected PCM for ultra-low power systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ye, Yong; Du, Yuan; Gao, Dan; Kang, Yong; Song, Zhitang; Chen, Bomy</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>As the process technology is continuously shrinking, low power consumption is a major issue in VLSI Systems-on-Chip (SoCs), especially for standby-power-critical applications. Recently, the emerging CMOS-compatible <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memories (NVMs), such as Phase Change Memory (PCM), have been used as on-chip storage elements, which can obtain <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> processing, nearly-zero standby power and instant-on capability. PCM has been considered as the best candidate for the next generation of NVMs for its low cost, high density and high resistance transformation ratio. In this paper, for the first time, we present a diode-selected PCM based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> flip-flop (NVFF) which is optimized for better power consumption and process variation tolerance. With dual trench isolation process, the diode-selected PCM realizes ultra small area, which is very suitable for multi-context configuration and large scale flip-flops matrix. Since the MOS-selected PCM is hard to shrink further due to large amount of PCM write current, the proposed NVFF achieves higher power efficiency without loss of current driving capability. Using the 40nm manufacturing process, the area of the cell (1D1R) is as small as 0.016 μm2. Simulation results show that the energy consumption during the recall operation is 62 fJ with 1.1 standard supply voltage, which is reduced by 54.9% compared to the previous 2T2R based NVFF. When the supply voltage reduces to 0.7 V, the recall energy is as low as 17 fJ. With the great advantages in cell size and energy, the proposed diode-selected NVFF is very applicable and cost-effective for ULP systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020028808&hterms=reliability+test&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dreliability%2Btest','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20020028808&hterms=reliability+test&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dreliability%2Btest"><span>An FPGA-Based Test-Bed for Reliability and Endurance Characterization of <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Rao, Vikram; Patel, Jagdish; Patel, Janak; Namkung, Jeffrey</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Memory technologies are divided into two categories. The first category, nonvolatile memories, are traditionally used in read-only or read-mostly applications because of limited write endurance and slow write speed. These memories are derivatives of read only memory (ROM) technology, which includes erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically-erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Flash, and more recent ferroelectric <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory technology. Nonvolatile memories are able to retain data in the absence of power. The second category, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> memories, are random access memory (RAM) devices including SRAM and DRAM. Writing to these memories is fast and write endurance is unlimited, so they are most often used to store data that change frequently, but they cannot store data in the absence of power. Nonvolatile memory technologies with better future potential are FRAM, Chalcogenide, GMRAM, Tunneling MRAM, and Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon (SONOS) EEPROM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960049745','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960049745"><span>Investigation of Cleanliness Verification Techniques for Rocket Engine Hardware</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fritzemeier, Marilyn L.; Skowronski, Raymund P.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>Oxidizer propellant systems for liquid-fueled rocket engines must meet stringent cleanliness requirements for particulate and nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span>. These requirements were established to limit <span class="hlt">residual</span> contaminants which could block small orifices or ignite in the oxidizer system during engine operation. Limiting organic <span class="hlt">residues</span> in high pressure oxygen systems, such as in the Space Shuttle Main Engine (SSME), is particularly important. The current method of cleanliness verification for the SSME uses an organic solvent flush of the critical hardware surfaces. The solvent is filtered and analyzed for particulate matter followed by gravimetric determination of the nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span> (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) content of the filtered solvent. The organic solvents currently specified for use (1, 1, 1-trichloroethane and CFC-113) are ozone-depleting chemicals slated for elimination by December 1995. A test program is in progress to evaluate alternative methods for cleanliness verification that do not require the use of ozone-depleting chemicals and that minimize or eliminate the use of solvents regulated as hazardous air pollutants or smog precursors. Initial results from the laboratory test program to evaluate aqueous-based methods and organic solvent flush methods for <span class="hlt">NVR</span> verification are provided and compared with results obtained using the current method. Evaluation of the alternative methods was conducted using a range of contaminants encountered in the manufacture of rocket engine hardware.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4241734','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4241734"><span><span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> FLUORIDE PROCESS FOR SEPARATING PLUTONIUM FROM OTHER MATERIALS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Spedding, F.H.; Newton, A.S.</p> <p>1959-04-14</p> <p>The separation of plutonium from uranium and/or tission products by formation of the higher fluorides of uranium and/or plutonium is discussed. Neutronirradiated uranium metal is first convcrted to the hydride. This hydrided product is then treatced with fluorine at about 315 deg C to form and <span class="hlt">volatilize</span> UF/sup 6/ leaving plutonium behind. The plutonium may then be separated by reacting the <span class="hlt">residue</span> with fluorine at about 500 deg C and collecting the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> plutonium fluoride thus formed.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333074','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1333074"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> particles measured by vapor-particle separator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Meng -Dawn; Corporan, Edwin</p> <p></p> <p>Vapor-Particle Separator (VPS) is a new technology developed for characterization of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fraction of particulate matter in a combustion aerosol population. VPS incorporates a novel metallic membrane and operates in a cross-flow filtration mode for separation of vapor and solid (i.e. <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>) particles. Demonstration of the VPS technology on aircraft engine-emitted particles has led to the improvement of the technology and increased confidence on the robustness of its field performance. In this study, the performance of the VPS was evaluated against the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> particle remover (VPR), a standardized device used in heavy duty diesel enginesmore » for separation and characterization of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particulate matter. Using tetracontane particles in the laboratory reveals that the VPS performed reasonably well in removing the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> species. In the field conditions, a single-mode particle size distribution was found for emitted particles from a T63 turboshaft engine at both idle and cruise engine power conditions. Removal of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> T63 engine particles by the VPS was consistent with that of PMP VPR. In tests on an F117 turbofan engine, the size distribution at the idle (4% rated) engine power condition was found to be bimodal, with the first mode consisting of particles smaller than 10nm, which are believed to be mostly semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> particles, while the second mode of larger size was a mixture of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particles. The distribution was single modal at the 33% rated engine power with no secondary mode observed. Altogether, for particles emitted by both engines, the removal efficiency of the VPS appears to surpass that of the PMP VPR by 8-10%.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1333074-volatile-particles-measured-vapor-particle-separator','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1333074-volatile-particles-measured-vapor-particle-separator"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> particles measured by vapor-particle separator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Cheng, Meng -Dawn; Corporan, Edwin</p> <p>2016-08-25</p> <p>Vapor-Particle Separator (VPS) is a new technology developed for characterization of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fraction of particulate matter in a combustion aerosol population. VPS incorporates a novel metallic membrane and operates in a cross-flow filtration mode for separation of vapor and solid (i.e. <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>) particles. Demonstration of the VPS technology on aircraft engine-emitted particles has led to the improvement of the technology and increased confidence on the robustness of its field performance. In this study, the performance of the VPS was evaluated against the Particle Measurement Programme (PMP) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> particle remover (VPR), a standardized device used in heavy duty diesel enginesmore » for separation and characterization of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particulate matter. Using tetracontane particles in the laboratory reveals that the VPS performed reasonably well in removing the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> species. In the field conditions, a single-mode particle size distribution was found for emitted particles from a T63 turboshaft engine at both idle and cruise engine power conditions. Removal of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> T63 engine particles by the VPS was consistent with that of PMP VPR. In tests on an F117 turbofan engine, the size distribution at the idle (4% rated) engine power condition was found to be bimodal, with the first mode consisting of particles smaller than 10nm, which are believed to be mostly semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> particles, while the second mode of larger size was a mixture of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particles. The distribution was single modal at the 33% rated engine power with no secondary mode observed. Altogether, for particles emitted by both engines, the removal efficiency of the VPS appears to surpass that of the PMP VPR by 8-10%.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol25-sec180-1080.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2012-title40-vol25-sec180-1080.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec180-1080.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec180-1080.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol25-sec180-1080.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title40-vol25/pdf/CFR-2013-title40-vol25-sec180-1080.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol24-sec180-1080.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2014-title40-vol24-sec180-1080.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1080 - Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the requirement of a tolerance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1080 Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and pheromone; exemptions from the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113533','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113533"><span>Measurement properties and usability of <span class="hlt">non</span>-contact scanners for measuring transtibial <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb volume.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kofman, Rianne; Beekman, Anna M; Emmelot, Cornelis H; Geertzen, Jan H B; Dijkstra, Pieter U</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Non</span>-contact scanners may have potential for measurement of <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb volume. Different <span class="hlt">non</span>-contact scanners have been introduced during the last decades. Reliability and usability (practicality and user friendliness) should be assessed before introducing these systems in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to analyze the measurement properties and usability of four <span class="hlt">non</span>-contact scanners (TT Design, Omega Scanner, BioSculptor Bioscanner, and Rodin4D Scanner). Quasi experimental. Nine (geometric and <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb) models were measured on two occasions, each consisting of two sessions, thus in total 4 sessions. In each session, four observers used the four systems for volume measurement. Mean for each model, repeatability coefficients for each system, variance components, and their two-way interactions of measurement conditions were calculated. User satisfaction was evaluated with the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire. Systematic differences between the systems were found in volume measurements. Most of the variances were explained by the model (97%), while error variance was 3%. Measurement system and the interaction between system and model explained 44% of the error variance. Repeatability coefficient of the systems ranged from 0.101 (Omega Scanner) to 0.131 L (Rodin4D). Differences in Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire scores between the systems were small and not significant. The systems were reliable in determining <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb volume. Measurement systems and the interaction between system and <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb model explained most of the error variances. The differences in repeatability coefficient and usability between the four CAD/CAM systems were small. Clinical relevance If accurate measurements of <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb volume are required (in case of research), modern <span class="hlt">non</span>-contact scanners should be taken in consideration nowadays.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3270149','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3270149"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> copolymer compositions for fabricating gel element microarrays</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Golova, Julia B.; Chernov, Boris K.; Perov, Alexander N.; Reynolds, Jennifer; Linger, Yvonne L.; Kukhtin, Alexander; Chandler, Darrell P.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>By modifying polymer compositions and cross-linking reagents, we have developed a simple yet effective manufacturing strategy for copolymerized three-dimensional gel element arrays. A new gel-forming monomer (2-(hydroxyethyl) methacrylamide; HEMAA) was used that possesses low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and improves the stability of copolymerized gel element arrays to on-chip thermal cycling procedures relative to previously used monomers. Probe immobilization efficiency within the new polymer was 55%, equivalent to that obtained with acrylamide (AA) and methacrylamide (MA) monomers. <span class="hlt">Non</span>-specific binding of single stranded targets was equivalent for all monomers. Increasing cross-linker chain length improved hybridization kinetics and end-point signal intensities relative to N,N-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis). The new copolymer formulation was successfully applied to a model orthopox array. Because HEMAA greatly simplifies gel element array manufacture, we expect it (in combination with new cross-linkers described herein) to find widespread application in microarray science. PMID:22033291</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507305','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28507305"><span>Overcoming thermal noise in <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> spin wave logic.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dutta, Sourav; Nikonov, Dmitri E; Manipatruni, Sasikanth; Young, Ian A; Naeemi, Azad</p> <p>2017-05-15</p> <p>Spin waves are propagating disturbances in magnetically ordered materials, analogous to lattice waves in solid systems and are often described from a quasiparticle point of view as magnons. The attractive advantages of Joule-heat-free transmission of information, utilization of the phase of the wave as an additional degree of freedom and lower footprint area compared to conventional charge-based devices have made spin waves or magnon spintronics a promising candidate for beyond-CMOS wave-based computation. However, any practical realization of an all-magnon based computing system must undergo the essential steps of a careful selection of materials and demonstrate robustness with respect to thermal noise or variability. Here, we aim at identifying suitable materials and theoretically demonstrate the possibility of achieving error-free clocked <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> spin wave logic device, even in the presence of thermal noise and clock jitter or clock skew.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38951','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38951"><span>Effects of exchange rate <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on export volume and prices of forest products</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Sijia Zhang; Joseph Buongiorno</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The relative value of currencies varies considerably over time. These fluctuations bring uncertainty to international traders. As a result, the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in exchange rate movements may influence the volume and the price of traded commodities. The <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of exchange rates was measured by the variance of <span class="hlt">residuals</span> in a GARCH(1,1) model of the exchange rate. We...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24360445','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24360445"><span>Comprehensive profiling and marker identification in <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> citrus oil <span class="hlt">residues</span> by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marti, Guillaume; Boccard, Julien; Mehl, Florence; Debrus, Benjamin; Marcourt, Laurence; Merle, Philippe; Delort, Estelle; Baroux, Lucie; Sommer, Horst; Rudaz, Serge; Wolfender, Jean-Luc</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>The detailed characterization of cold-pressed lemon oils (CPLOs) is of great importance for the flavor and fragrance (F&F) industry. Since a control of authenticity by standard analytical techniques can be bypassed using elaborated adulterated oils to pretend a higher quality, a combination of advanced orthogonal methods has been developed. The present study describes a combined metabolomic approach based on UHPLC-TOF-MS profiling and (1)H NMR fingerprinting to highlight metabolite differences on a set of representative samples used in the F&F industry. A new protocol was set up and adapted to the use of CPLO <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Multivariate analysis based on both fingerprinting methods showed significant chemical variations between Argentinian and Italian samples. Discriminating markers identified in mixtures belong to furocoumarins, flavonoids, terpenoids and fatty acids. Quantitative NMR revealed low citropten and high bergamottin content in Italian samples. The developed metabolomic approach applied to CPLO <span class="hlt">residues</span> gives some new perspectives for authenticity assessment. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641886','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2641886"><span>Odor <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> associated with microflora in damp ventilated and <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated bin-stored bulk wheat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Tuma, D; Sinha, R N; Muir, W E; Abramson, D</p> <p>1989-05-01</p> <p>Western hard red spring wheat, stored at 20 and 25% moisture contents for 10 months during 1985-86, was monitored for biotic and abiotic variables in 10 unheated bins in Winnipeg, Manitoba. The major odor <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> identified were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol. The production of these <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> was associated and correlated with microfloral infection. Ventilation, used for cooling and drying of grain, disrupted microfloral growth patterns and production of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. The highest levels of 3-methyl-1-butanol occurred in 25% moisture content wheat infected with bacteria, Penicillium spp. and Fusarium spp. In <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated (control) bins with 20% moisture content wheat, 3-methyl-1-butanol was correlated with infection by members of the Aspergillus glaucus group and bacteria. In control bins, 1-octen-3-ol production was correlated with infection of wheat of both moisture contents by Penicillium spp. The fungal species, isolated from damp bin-stored wheat and tested for production of odor <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on wheat substrate, included Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus repens (Corda) Saccardo, A. flavus Link ex Fries, A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tiraboschi, Penicillium chrysogenum Thom, P. cyclopium Westling, Fusarium moniliforme Sheldon, F. semitectum (Cooke) Sacc. In the laboratory, fungus-inoculated wheat produced 3-methyl-1-butanol; 3-octanone and 1-octen-3-ol were also produced, but less frequently. Two unidentified bacterial species isolated from damp wheat and inoculated on agar produced 3-methyl-1-butanol.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836481','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22836481"><span>UPLC-Q-TOF-MS analysis of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> migrants from new active packaging materials.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Aznar, M; Rodriguez-Lafuente, A; Alfaro, P; Nerin, C</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) is a useful tool in the analysis of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds, and the use of a quadrupole-time-of-flight (Q-TOF) mass analyzer allows a high sensitivity and accuracy when acquiring full fragment mode, providing a high assurance of correct identification of unknown compounds. In this work, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS technology has been applied to the analysis of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> migrants from new active packaging materials. The materials tested were based on polypropylene (PP), ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH), and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). The active packaging materials studied were one PP film containing a natural antioxidant, and two PP/EVOH films, two PET/EVOH films and one coextruded PP/EVOH/PP film containing natural antimicrobials. The chemical structure of several compounds was unequivocally identified. The analysis revealed the migration of some of the active substances used in the manufacture of active packaging, such as caffeine (0.07 ± 0.01 μg/g), carvacrol (0.31 ± 0.03 μg/g) and citral (0.20 ± 0.01 μg/g). Unintentionally added substances were also found, such as citral reaction compounds, or citral impurities present in the raw materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4206575','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4206575"><span>Distinctive Recruitment of Endogenous Sleep-Promoting Neurons by <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Anesthetics and a <span class="hlt">Non</span>-immobilizer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Han, Bo; McCarren, Hilary S.; O'Neill, Dan; Kelz, Max B.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>BACKGROUND Numerous studies demonstrate that anesthetic-induced unconsciousness is accompanied by activation of hypothalamic sleep-promoting neurons, which occurs through both pre- and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, the correlation between drug exposure, neuronal activation, and onset of hypnosis remains incompletely understood. Moreover, the degree to which anesthetics activate both endogenous populations of GABAergic sleep-promoting neurons within the ventrolateral preoptic (VLPO) and median preoptic (MnPO) nuclei remains unknown. METHODS Mice were exposed to oxygen, hypnotic doses of isoflurane or halothane, or 1,2-dicholorhexafluorocyclobutane (F6), a nonimmobilizer. Hypothalamic brain slices prepared from anesthetic-naïve mice were also exposed to oxygen, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics, or F6 ex vivo, both in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin. Double-label immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the number of c-Fos-immunoreactive nuclei in the GABAergic subpopulation of neurons in the VLPO and the MnPO to test the hypothesis that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics, but not <span class="hlt">non</span>-immobilizers, activate sleep-promoting neurons in both nuclei. RESULTS In vivo exposure to isoflurane and halothane doubled the fraction of active, c-Fos-expressing GABAergic neurons in the VLPO, while F6 failed to affect VLPO c-Fos expression. Both in the presence and absence of tetrodotoxin, isoflurane dose-dependently increased c-Fos expression in GABAergic neurons ex vivo, while F6 failed to alter expression. In GABAergic neurons of the MnPO, c-Fos expression increased with isoflurane and F6, but not with halothane exposure. CONCLUSIONS Anesthetic unconsciousness is not accompanied by global activation of all putative sleep-promoting neurons. However, within the VLPO hypnotic doses of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics, but not <span class="hlt">non</span>-immobilizers, activate putative sleep-promoting neurons, correlating with the appearance of the hypnotic state. PMID:25057841</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/323762-comparative-thermodynamic-experimental-study-some-heavy-metal-behaviors-during-automotive-shredder-residues-incineration','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/323762-comparative-thermodynamic-experimental-study-some-heavy-metal-behaviors-during-automotive-shredder-residues-incineration"><span>Comparative thermodynamic and experimental study of some heavy metal behaviors during automotive shredder <span class="hlt">residues</span> incineration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Trouve, G.; Kauffmann, A.; Delfosse, L.</p> <p>1998-12-31</p> <p>Experimental and theoretical studies of the behavior of some heavy metals were undertaken during Automotive Shredder <span class="hlt">Residues</span> (ASR) incineration. A thermodynamic study at equilibrium was performed using a software minimizing the free Gibbs energy. The metals studied were barium, copper, lead and zinc. The studies were performed mostly at two temperatures: 1123 and 1373 K. The thermodynamic study showed that the chlorine content is the most important parameter influencing the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of the studied metals. It also showed that in default of chlorine in a system containing several metals, barium chloride in its condensed form is the most easily formed.more » Other metals remained in their metallic form or in the form of oxides. The presence of hydrogen in the system has a general limiting influence on the metal <span class="hlt">volatility</span> because, especially at high temperatures, hydrogen chloride is more likely to be formed. In the experimental field, the behaviors of metals were studied using commercial polymers as waste models: a PVC mastic, a polyurethane mastic and a rubber powder. Copper and barium presented a <span class="hlt">non</span> <span class="hlt">volatile</span> behavior during the incineration of waste matrixes as ASR, being present also in <span class="hlt">residual</span> ash. On the other hand, lead was completely formed in the gas phase and zinc showed an equal partitioning between the two principal phases of the treatment.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1827b0042S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1827b0042S"><span>Mean-Variance portfolio optimization by using <span class="hlt">non</span> constant mean and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> based on the negative exponential utility function</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Soeryana, Endang; Halim, Nurfadhlina Bt Abdul; Sukono, Rusyaman, Endang; Supian, Sudradjat</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Investments in stocks investors are also faced with the issue of risk, due to daily price of stock also fluctuate. For minimize the level of risk, investors usually forming an investment portfolio. Establishment of a portfolio consisting of several stocks are intended to get the optimal composition of the investment portfolio. This paper discussed about optimizing investment portfolio of Mean-Variance to stocks by using mean and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is not constant based on the Negative Exponential Utility Function. <span class="hlt">Non</span> constant mean analyzed using models Autoregressive Moving Average (ARMA), while <span class="hlt">non</span> constant <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models are analyzed using the Generalized Autoregressive Conditional heteroscedastic (GARCH). Optimization process is performed by using the Lagrangian multiplier technique. As a numerical illustration, the method is used to analyze some stocks in Indonesia. The expected result is to get the proportion of investment in each stock analyzed</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940283','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26940283"><span>Changes in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of soybean <span class="hlt">residue</span> (okara) upon solid-state fermentation by yeasts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vong, Weng Chan; Liu, Shao-Quan</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Soybean <span class="hlt">residue</span> (okara), a by-product of soymilk, is produced in large volumes by the soy food industry and is often discarded due to its undesirable flavour. As it contains a considerable amount of protein and fats, biotransformation of okara to improve its flavour presents an opportunity for alternative utilisation. This paper evaluated 10 yeasts in the solid-state fermentation of okara based on their <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profiles as analysed with HS-SPME GC-MS/FID. Four 'dairy yeasts' (Geotrichum candidum, Yarrowia lipolytica, Debaryomyces hansenii and Kluyveromyces lactis) and six 'wine yeasts' (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Lachancea thermotolerans, Metschnikowia pulcherrima, Pichia kluyveri, Torulaspora delbrueckii, and Williopsis saturnus) were studied. The main off-odourants in okara, hexanal and trans-2-hexenal, significantly decreased after fermentation due to their bioconversion into methyl ketones and/or esters. The okara fermented by dairy yeasts contained greater proportions of methyl ketones, while that by wine yeasts contained more ethyl and acetyl esters. Notably, the okara fermented by W. saturnus contained 13 esters and the total GC-FID peak area of esters was about 380 times that in fresh okara, leading to a perceptible fruity note. Okara can be exploited as an inexpensive substrate for bioflavour extraction and/or a more pleasant food ingredient via yeast fermentation. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12685714','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12685714"><span>A new tool for laboratory studies on <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>: extension of applicability of the photovolatility chamber.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wolters, André; Kromer, Thomas; Linnemann, Volker; Schäffer, Andreas; Vereecken, Harry</p> <p>2003-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> from soil and plant surfaces after application is an important source of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> to the atmosphere. The laboratory photovolatility chamber allows the simultaneous measurement of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> and photodegradation of 14C-labeled pesticides under controlled climatic conditions. Both continuous air sampling, which quantifies <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds and 14CO2 separately, and the detection of surface-located <span class="hlt">residues</span> allow for a mass balance of radioactivity. The setup of the photovolatility chamber was optimized, and additional sensors were installed to characterize the influence of soil moisture, soil temperature, and evaporation on <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. The modified flow profile in the glass dome of the chamber arising from the use of a high-performance metal bellows pump was measured. Diminished air velocity near the soil surface and a wind velocity of 0.2 m/s in 3 cm height allowed the requirements of the German guideline on assessing pesticide <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> for registration purposes to be fulfilled. Determination of soil moisture profiles of the upper soil layer illustrated that defined water content in the soil up to a depth of 4 cm could be achieved by water saturation of air. Cumulative <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of [phenyl-UL-14C]parathion-methyl ranged from 2.4% under dry conditions to 32.9% under moist conditions and revealed the clear dependence of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> on the water content in the top layer.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.7647A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EGUGA..12.7647A"><span>Occurrence of <span class="hlt">non</span> extractable pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in physical and chemical fractions of two soils</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Andreou, Kostas; Semple, Kirk; Jones, Kevin</p> <p>2010-05-01</p> <p>Soils are considered to be a significant sink for organic contaminants, including pesticides, in the environment. Understanding the distribution and localisation of aged pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in soil is of great importance for assessing the mobility and availability of these chemicals in the environment. This study aimed to characterise the distribution of radiolabeled herbicide isoproturon and the radiolabeled insecticides diazinon and cypermethrin in two organically managed soils. The soils were spiked and aged under laboratory conditions for 17 months. The labile fraction of the pesticides <span class="hlt">residues</span> was recovered in CaCl2 (0.01M) and then subjected to physical size fractionation using sedimentation and centrifugation steps, with >20μm, 20-2μm and 2-0.1μm soil factions collected. Further, the distribution of the pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the organic matter of the fractionated soil was investigated using a sequential alkaline extraction (0.1N NaOH) into humic and fulvic acid and humin. Soil fractions of 20-2μm and 2-0.1μm had the largest burden of the 14C-<span class="hlt">residues</span>. Different soil constituents have different capacities to form <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Soil solid fractions of 20-2 µm and <2 µm had far greater affinity to the 14C-pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> than the coarser fraction (>20 µm). Fulvic acid showed to play a vital role in the formation and stabilisation of <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable 14C-pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in most cases.Assessment of the likelihood of the pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> to become available to soil biota requires an understanding of the structure of the SOM matrix and the definition of the kinetics of the pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in different SOM pools as a function of the time.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812443','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22812443"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-pathogenic rhizobacteria interfere with the attraction of parasitoids to aphid-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> via jasmonic acid signalling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pineda, Ana; Soler, Roxina; Weldegergis, Berhane T; Shimwela, Mpoki M; VAN Loon, Joop J A; Dicke, Marcel</p> <p>2013-02-01</p> <p>Beneficial soil-borne microbes, such as mycorrhizal fungi or rhizobacteria, can affect the interactions of plants with aboveground insects at several trophic levels. While the mechanisms of interactions with herbivorous insects, that is, the second trophic level, are starting to be understood, it remains unknown how plants mediate the interactions between soil microbes and carnivorous insects, that is, the third trophic level. Using Arabidopsis thaliana Col-0 and the aphid Myzus persicae, we evaluate here the underlying mechanisms involved in the plant-mediated interaction between the <span class="hlt">non</span>-pathogenic rhizobacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens and the parasitoid Diaeretiella rapae, by combining ecological, chemical and molecular approaches. Rhizobacterial colonization modifies the composition of the blend of herbivore-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blend from rhizobacteria-treated aphid-infested plants is less attractive to an aphid parasitoid, in terms of both olfactory preference behaviour and oviposition, than the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blend from aphid-infested plants without rhizobacteria. Importantly, the effect of rhizobacteria on both the emission of herbivore-induced <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and parasitoid response to aphid-infested plants is lost in an Arabidopsis mutant (aos/dde2-2) that is impaired in jasmonic acid production. By modifying the blend of herbivore-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> that depend on the jasmonic acid-signalling pathway, root-colonizing microbes interfere with the attraction of parasitoids of leaf herbivores. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/47723','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/47723"><span>Identification of insecticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> with a conducting-polymer electronic nose</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>A.D. Wilson</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The identification of insecticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> on crop foliage is needed to make periodic pest management decisions. Electronic-nose (e-nose) methods were developed and tested as a means of acquiring rapid identifications of insecticide <span class="hlt">residue</span> types at relatively low cost by detection of headspace <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> released from inert surfaces in vitro. Detection methods were...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJT....36..868L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IJT....36..868L"><span>Photoacoustic Spectroscopy as a <span class="hlt">Non</span>-destructive Tool for Quantification of Pesticide <span class="hlt">Residue</span> in Apple Cuticle</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Liu, Lixian; Wang, Yafei; Gao, Chunming; Huan, Huiting; Zhao, Binxing; Yan, Laijun</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS), the <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive method to detect <span class="hlt">residue</span> of dimethyl-dichloro-vinyl-phosphate (DDVP) pesticide in a cuticle of apple, is described. After constructing the PA experimental setup and identifying three characteristic peaks of DDVP in the near ultraviolet region, the PA spectra of an apple cuticle contaminated with DDVP were collected. The artificial neural network method was then applied to analyze data quantitatively. The results show a correlation coefficient exceeding 0.99 and a detection limit of 0.2 ppm, which is within the national food safety standard for maximum <span class="hlt">residue</span> limits for pesticides in food (GB 2763-2012). This fact and the <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive character of PAS make the approach promising for detection of pesticide <span class="hlt">residue</span> in fruits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5575919','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5575919"><span>NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE: HELPING CAREGIVERS REDUCE PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIORS IN CHILDREN AND ADOLESCENTS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Omer, Haim; Lebowitz, Eli R.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>In this review, the principles of nonviolent resistance (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) and studies examining its acceptability and efficacy are reviewed. Originating in the sociopolitical field, <span class="hlt">NVR</span> has been adapted for numerous settings including parents of youth with externalizing and other problems, foster parents, teachers and school personnel, and caregivers of psychiatric inpatients. <span class="hlt">NVR</span> has also been applied to reduce accommodation of highly dependent adult children and to improve novice driving habits. The principles of <span class="hlt">NVR</span> include refraining from violence, reducing escalation, utilizing outside support, and maintaining respect for the other. PMID:27292182</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1034666','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/AD1034666"><span><span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Ferroelectric Switching of Ferromagnetic Resonance in NiFe/PLZT Multiferroic Thin Film Heterostructures (Postprint)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>AFRL-RX-WP-JA-2017-0140 <span class="hlt">NON-VOLATILE</span> FERROELECTRIC SWITCHING OF FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN NIFE/PLZT MULTIFERROIC THIN FILM ...OF FERROMAGNETIC RESONANCE IN NIFE/PLZT MULTIFERROIC THIN FILM HETEROSTRUCTURES (POSTPRINT) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8650-14-C-5706 5b. GRANT... films , where the magnetic anisotropy of NiFe can be electrically modified by low voltages. Ferromagnetic resonance measurements confirm that the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=67512&keyword=Lamb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=67512&keyword=Lamb&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>NATURAL EMISSIONS OF <span class="hlt">NON</span>-METHANE <span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, CARBON MONOXIDE, AND OXIDES OF NITROGEN FROM NORTH AMERICA. (R825259)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><h2>Abstract</h2><p>The magnitudes, distributions, controlling processes and uncertainties associated with North American natural emissions of oxidant precursors are reviewed. Natural emissions are responsible for a major portion of the compounds, including <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> o...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/957378','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/957378"><span>Potential Signatures of Semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> Compounds Associated With Nuclear Processing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Probasco, Kathleen M.; Birnbaum, Jerome C.; Maughan, A. D.</p> <p>2002-06-01</p> <p>Semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals associated with nuclear processes (e.g., the reprocessing of uranium to produce plutonium for nuclear weapons, or the separation of actinides from processing waste streams), can provide sticky <span class="hlt">residues</span> or signatures that will attach to piping, ducting, soil, water, or other surface media. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds, that are more suitable for electro-optical sensing, have been well studied. However, the semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds have not been well documented or studied. A majority of these semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals are more robust than typical gaseous or liquid chemicals and can have lifetimes of several weeks, months, or years in the environment. However, large data gapsmore » exist concerning these potential signature compounds and more research is needed to fill these data gaps so that important signature information is not overlooked or discarded. This report investigates key semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds associated with nuclear separations, identifies available chemical and physical properties, and discusses the degradation products that would result from hydrolysis, radiolysis and oxidation reactions on these compounds.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Icar..234...81C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Icar..234...81C"><span>Spectroscopic studies of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> <span class="hlt">residue</span> formed by photochemistry of solid C4N2: A model of condensed aerosol formation on Titan</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Couturier-Tamburelli, Isabelle; Gudipati, Murthy S.; Lignell, Antti; Jacovi, Ronen; Piétri, Nathalie</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Following our recent communication (Gudipati, M.S. et al. [2013]. Nat. Commun. 4, 1648. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncomms2649) on the discovery of condensed-phase <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> polymeric material with similar spectral features as tholins, we present here a comprehensive spectroscopic study of photochemical formation of polymeric material from condensed dicyanoacetylene (C4N2) ice films. C4N2 is chosen as starting material for the laboratory simulations because of the detection of this and similar molecules (nitriles and cyanoacetylenes) in Titan’s atmosphere. UV-Vis and infrared spectra obtained during long-wavelength (>300 nm) photon irradiation and subsequent warming of the ice films are used to analyze changes in C4N2 ice, evolution of tholins, and derive photopolymerization mechanisms. Our data analysis revealed that many processes occur during the photolysis of condensed Titan’s aerosol analogs, including isomerization and polymerization leading to the formation of long-chain as well as aromatic cyclic polymer molecules. In the light of tremendous new data from the Cassini mission on the seasonal variations in Titan’s atmosphere, our laboratory study and its results provide fresh insight into the formation and evolution of aerosols and haze in Titan’s atmosphere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3421435','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3421435"><span>Investigation of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> resistance change in noncentrosymmetric compounds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Herng, T. S.; Kumar, A.; Ong, C. S.; Feng, Y. P.; Lu, Y. H.; Zeng, K. Y.; Ding, J.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Coexistence of polarization and resistance-switching characteristics in single compounds has been long inspired scientific and technological interests. Here, we report the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> resistance change in noncentrosymmetric compounds investigated by using defect nanotechnology and contact engineering. Using a noncentrosymmetric material of ZnO as example, we first transformed ZnO into high resistance state. Then ZnO electrical polarization was probed and its domains polarized 180° along the [001]-axis with long-lasting memory effect (>25 hours). Based on our experimental observations, we have developed a vacancy-mediated pseudoferroelectricity model. Our first-principle calculations propose that vacancy defects initiate a spontaneous inverted domains nucleation at grain boundaries, and then they grow in the presence of an electrical field. The propagation of inverted domains follows the scanning tip motion under applied electrical field, leading to the growth of polarized domains over large areas. PMID:22905318</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApPhL.109y2903R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ApPhL.109y2903R"><span>Four-state <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory in a multiferroic spin filter tunnel junction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ruan, Jieji; Li, Chen; Yuan, Zhoushen; Wang, Peng; Li, Aidong; Wu, Di</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>We report a spin filter type multiferroic tunnel junction with a ferromagnetic/ferroelectric bilayer barrier. Memory functions of a spin filter magnetic tunnel junction and a ferroelectric tunnel junction are combined in this single device, producing four <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> resistive states that can be read out in a <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive manner. This concept is demonstrated in a LaNiO3/Pr0.8Ca0.2MnO3/BaTiO3/La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 all-oxide tunnel junction. The ferromagnetic insulator Pr0.8Ca0.2MnO3 serves as the spin filter and the ferromagnetic metal La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 is the spin analyzer. The ferroelectric polarization reversal in the BaTiO3 barrier switches the tunneling barrier height to produce a tunneling electroresistance. The ferroelectric switching also modulates the spin polarization and the spin filtering efficiency in Pr0.8Ca0.2MnO3.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JHyd..522..163K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015JHyd..522..163K"><span>A GIS-assisted regional screening tool to evaluate the leaching potential of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> pesticides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ki, Seo Jin; Ray, Chittaranjan</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>A regional screening tool-which is useful in cases where few site-specific parameters are available for complex vadose zone models-assesses the leaching potential of pollutants to groundwater over large areas. In this study, the previous pesticide leaching tool used in Hawaii was revised to account for the release of new <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) from the soil surface. The tool was modified to introduce expanded terms in the traditional pesticide ranking indices (i.e., retardation and attenuation factors), allowing the estimation of the leaching fraction of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals based on recharge, soil, and chemical properties to be updated. Results showed that the previous tool significantly overestimated the mass fraction of VOCs leached through soils as the recharge rates increased above 0.001801 m/d. In contrast, the revised tool successfully delineated vulnerable areas to the selected VOCs based on two reference chemicals, a known leacher and <span class="hlt">non</span>-leacher, which were determined in local conditions. The sensitivity analysis with the Latin-Hypercube-One-factor-At-a-Time method revealed that the new leaching tool was most sensitive to changes in the soil organic carbon sorption coefficient, fractional organic carbon content, and Henry's law constant; and least sensitive to parameters such as the bulk density, water content at field capacity, and particle density in soils. When the revised tool was compared to the analytical (STANMOD) and numerical (HYDRUS-1D) models as a susceptibility measure, it ranked particular VOCs well (e.g., benzene, carbofuran, and toluene) that were consistent with other two models under the given conditions. Therefore, the new leaching tool can be widely used to address intrinsic groundwater vulnerability to contamination of pesticides and VOCs, along with the DRASTIC method or similar Tier 1 models such as SCI-GROW and WIN-PST.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9730016','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9730016"><span>Modeling <span class="hlt">volatility</span> using state space models.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Timmer, J; Weigend, A S</p> <p>1997-08-01</p> <p>In time series problems, noise can be divided into two categories: dynamic noise which drives the process, and observational noise which is added in the measurement process, but does not influence future values of the system. In this framework, we show that empirical <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> (the squared relative returns of prices) exhibit a significant amount of observational noise. To model and predict their time evolution adequately, we estimate state space models that explicitly include observational noise. We obtain relaxation times for shocks in the logarithm of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> ranging from three weeks (for foreign exchange) to three to five months (for stock indices). In most cases, a two-dimensional hidden state is required to yield <span class="hlt">residuals</span> that are consistent with white noise. We compare these results with ordinary autoregressive models (without a hidden state) and find that autoregressive models underestimate the relaxation times by about two orders of magnitude since they do not distinguish between observational and dynamic noise. This new interpretation of the dynamics of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in terms of relaxators in a state space model carries over to stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models and to GARCH models, and is useful for several problems in finance, including risk management and the pricing of derivative securities. Data sets used: Olsen & Associates high frequency DEM/USD foreign exchange rates (8 years). Nikkei 225 index (40 years). Dow Jones Industrial Average (25 years).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790005810','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19790005810"><span>On <span class="hlt">volatile</span> element trends in gas-rich meteorites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bart, G.; Lipschutz, M. E.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Ten <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements (and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> Co) in co-existing light and dark portions of 5 gas-rich chondrites were studied. Patterns of distinct but <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniform enrichment by dark admixing material are revealed. The dark admixing material is enriched in Cs; Bi and Tl covary in it. It is compositionally unique from known types of primitive materials and is apparently not derived by secondary processes from such materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4997587','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4997587"><span>Tomato Infection by Whitefly-Transmitted Circulative and <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Circulative Viruses Induce Contrasting Changes in Plant <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> and Vector Behaviour</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fereres, Alberto; Peñaflor, Maria Fernanda G. V.; Favaro, Carla F.; Azevedo, Kamila E. X.; Landi, Carolina H.; Maluta, Nathalie K. P.; Bento, José Mauricio S.; Lopes, Joao R.S.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Virus infection frequently modifies plant phenotypes, leading to changes in behaviour and performance of their insect vectors in a way that transmission is enhanced, although this may not always be the case. Here, we investigated Bemisia tabaci response to tomato plants infected by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a <span class="hlt">non</span>-circulative-transmitted crinivirus, and Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), a circulative-transmitted begomovirus. Moreover, we examined the role of visual and olfactory cues in host plant selection by both viruliferous and <span class="hlt">non</span>-viruliferous B. tabaci. Visual cues alone were assessed as targets for whitefly landing by placing leaves underneath a Plexiglas plate. A dual-choice arena was used to assess whitefly response to virus-infected and mock-inoculated tomato leaves under light and dark conditions. Thereafter, we tested the whitefly response to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> using an active air-flow Y-tube olfactometer, and chemically characterized the blends using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Visual stimuli tests showed that whiteflies, irrespective of their infectious status, always preferred to land on virus-infected rather than on mock-inoculated leaves. Furthermore, whiteflies had no preference for either virus-infected or mock-inoculated leaves under dark conditions, but preferred virus-infected leaves in the presence of light. ToSRV-infection promoted a sharp decline in the concentration of some tomato <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, while an increase in the emission of some terpenes after ToCV infection was found. ToSRV-viruliferous whiteflies preferred <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> emitted from mock-inoculated plants, a conducive behaviour to enhance virus spread, while <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from ToCV-infected plants were avoided by <span class="hlt">non</span>-viruliferous whiteflies, a behaviour that is likely detrimental to the secondary spread of the virus. In conclusion, the circulative persistent begomovirus, ToSRV, seems to have evolved together with its vector B. tabaci to optimise its own spread. However</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27529271','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27529271"><span>Tomato Infection by Whitefly-Transmitted Circulative and <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Circulative Viruses Induce Contrasting Changes in Plant <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> and Vector Behaviour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fereres, Alberto; Peñaflor, Maria Fernanda G V; Favaro, Carla F; Azevedo, Kamila E X; Landi, Carolina H; Maluta, Nathalie K P; Bento, José Mauricio S; Lopes, Joao R S</p> <p>2016-08-11</p> <p>Virus infection frequently modifies plant phenotypes, leading to changes in behaviour and performance of their insect vectors in a way that transmission is enhanced, although this may not always be the case. Here, we investigated Bemisia tabaci response to tomato plants infected by Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a <span class="hlt">non</span>-circulative-transmitted crinivirus, and Tomato severe rugose virus (ToSRV), a circulative-transmitted begomovirus. Moreover, we examined the role of visual and olfactory cues in host plant selection by both viruliferous and <span class="hlt">non</span>-viruliferous B. tabaci. Visual cues alone were assessed as targets for whitefly landing by placing leaves underneath a Plexiglas plate. A dual-choice arena was used to assess whitefly response to virus-infected and mock-inoculated tomato leaves under light and dark conditions. Thereafter, we tested the whitefly response to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> using an active air-flow Y-tube olfactometer, and chemically characterized the blends using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Visual stimuli tests showed that whiteflies, irrespective of their infectious status, always preferred to land on virus-infected rather than on mock-inoculated leaves. Furthermore, whiteflies had no preference for either virus-infected or mock-inoculated leaves under dark conditions, but preferred virus-infected leaves in the presence of light. ToSRV-infection promoted a sharp decline in the concentration of some tomato <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, while an increase in the emission of some terpenes after ToCV infection was found. ToSRV-viruliferous whiteflies preferred <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> emitted from mock-inoculated plants, a conducive behaviour to enhance virus spread, while <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from ToCV-infected plants were avoided by <span class="hlt">non</span>-viruliferous whiteflies, a behaviour that is likely detrimental to the secondary spread of the virus. In conclusion, the circulative persistent begomovirus, ToSRV, seems to have evolved together with its vector B. tabaci to optimise its own spread. However</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19963220','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19963220"><span>Emission pattern of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds from recycled styrenic polymers using headspace solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vilaplana, Francisco; Martínez-Sanz, Marta; Ribes-Greus, Amparo; Karlsson, Sigbritt</p> <p>2010-01-15</p> <p>The emission of low molecular weight compounds from recycled high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) has been investigated using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Four released target analytes (styrene, benzaldehyde, acetophenone, and 2-phenylpropanal) were selected for the optimisation of the HS-SPME sampling procedure, by analysing operating parameters such as type of SPME fibre (polarity and operating mechanism), particle size, extraction temperature and time. 26 different compounds were identified to be released at different temperatures from recycled HIPS, including <span class="hlt">residues</span> of polymerisation, oxidated derivates of styrene, and additives. The type of SPME fibre employed in the sampling procedure affected the detection of emitted components. An adsorptive fibre such as carbowax/polydimethylsiloxane (CAR/PDMS fibre) offered good selectivity for both <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar and polar <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds at lower temperatures; higher temperatures result in interferences from less-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> released compounds. An absorptive fibre as polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) fibre is suitable for the detection of less-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar molecules at higher temperatures. The nature and relative amount of the emitted compounds increased with higher exposure temperature and smaller polymeric particle size. HS-SPME proves to be a suitable technique for screening the emission of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (SVOCs) from polymeric materials; reliable quantification of the content of target analytes in recycled HIPS is however difficult due to the complex mass-transfer processes involved, matrix effects, and the difficulties in equilibrating the analytical system. 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1365509','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1365509"><span>Models for Total-Dose Radiation Effects in <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Memory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Campbell, Philip Montgomery; Wix, Steven D.</p> <p></p> <p>The objective of this work is to develop models to predict radiation effects in <span class="hlt">non</span>- <span class="hlt">volatile</span> memory: flash memory and ferroelectric RAM. In flash memory experiments have found that the internal high-voltage generators (charge pumps) are the most sensitive to radiation damage. Models are presented for radiation effects in charge pumps that demonstrate the experimental results. Floating gate models are developed for the memory cell in two types of flash memory devices by Intel and Samsung. These models utilize Fowler-Nordheim tunneling and hot electron injection to charge and erase the floating gate. Erase times are calculated from the models andmore » compared with experimental results for different radiation doses. FRAM is less sensitive to radiation than flash memory, but measurements show that above 100 Krad FRAM suffers from a large increase in leakage current. A model for this effect is developed which compares closely with the measurements.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1436944','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1436944"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-Destructive Measurement of <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Strain in Connecting Rods Using Neutrons</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ikeda, Tomohiro; Bunn, Jeffrey R.; Fancher, Christopher M.</p> <p></p> <p>Increasing the strength of materials is effective in reducing weight and boosting structural part performance, but there are cases in where the <span class="hlt">residual</span> strain generated during the process of manufacturing of high-strength materials results in a decline of durability. It is therefore important to understand how the <span class="hlt">residual</span> strain in a manufactured component changes due to processing conditions. In the case of a connecting rod, because the strain load on the connecting rod rib sections is high, it is necessary to clearly understand the distribution of strain in the ribs. However, because <span class="hlt">residual</span> strain is generally measured by using X-raymore » diffractometers or strain gauges, measurements are limited to the surface layer of the parts. Neutron beams, however, have a higher penetration depth than X-rays, allowing for strain measurement in the bulk material. The research discussed within this paper consists of <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive <span class="hlt">residual</span> strain measurements in the interior of connecting rods using the 2nd Generation Neutron <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Stress Mapping Facility (NRSF2) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, measuring the Fe (211) diffraction peak position of the ferrite phase. The interior strain distribution of connecting rod, which prepared under different manufacturing processes, was revealed. By the visualization of interior strains, clear understandings of differences in various processing conditions were obtained. In addition, it is known that the peak width, which is also obtained during measurement, is suggestive of the size of crystallites in the structure; however the peak width can additionally be caused by microstresses and material dislocations.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28577483','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28577483"><span>Evaluation of agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span> pyrolysis under <span class="hlt">non</span>-isothermal conditions: Thermal behaviors, kinetics, and thermodynamics.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chen, Jianbiao; Wang, Yanhong; Lang, Xuemei; Ren, Xiu'e; Fan, Shuanshi</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The thermal conversion characteristics, kinetics, and thermodynamics of agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span>, rape straw (RS) and wheat bran (WB), were investigated under <span class="hlt">non</span>-isothermal conditions. TGA experiments showed that the pyrolysis characteristics of RS were quite different from those of WB. As reflected by the comprehensive devolatilization index, when the heating rate increased from 10 to 30Kmin -1 , the pyrolysis performance of RS and WB were improved 5.27 and 5.96 times, respectively. The kinetic triplets of the main pyrolysis process of agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span> were calculated by the Starink method and the integral master-plots method. Kinetic analysis results indicated that the most potential kinetic models for the pyrolysis of RS and WB were D 2 and F 2.7 , respectively. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH, ΔG, and ΔS) were determined by the activated complex theory. The positive ΔH, positive ΔG, and negative ΔS at characteristic temperatures validated that the pyrolysis of agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span> was endothermic and <span class="hlt">non</span>-spontaneous. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843548','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20843548"><span>Brine-induced mortality of <span class="hlt">non</span>-indigenous invertebrates in <span class="hlt">residual</span> ballast water.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bradie, Johanna N; Bailey, Sarah A; van der Velde, Gerard; Macisaac, Hugh J</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>All transoceanic vessels entering the Great Lakes are required to manage ballast water and ballast tank <span class="hlt">residuals</span> with ballast water exchange and tank flushing, respectively. While these management procedures effectively reduce the density and richness of biota in ballast waters and thereby reduce the risk of transferring <span class="hlt">non</span>-indigenous species, some ships are unable to uniformly manage all tanks. Laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate sodium chloride brine as an emergency treatment for ballast tanks with <span class="hlt">non</span>-compliant <span class="hlt">residuals</span>. Invertebrate communities collected from i) Detroit River, ii) exchanged ballast tanks arriving in the Great Lakes, and iii) North Sea ports, were exposed to a range of brine concentrations (15-115‰) until complete mortality was reached. Results indicate that a 1-h exposure to 115‰ brine is a broadly effective treatment (>99.9% mortality) regardless of treatment temperature, taxonomic group, or species' source habitat salinity. A median of 0.00% (range 0.00-5.33) of individuals are expected to survive treatment and the expected number of viable individuals released after treatment is within Canadian and proposed international discharge standards. Before implementation, validation with ship-scale trials is recommended. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AtmEn..44..786C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AtmEn..44..786C"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">non</span>-enteric sources of <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound (NMVOC) emissions from dairies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chung, Myeong Y.; Beene, Matt; Ashkan, Shawn; Krauter, Charles; Hasson, Alam S.</p> <p>2010-02-01</p> <p>Dairies are believed to be a major source of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOC) in Central California, but few studies have characterized VOC emissions from these facilities. In this work, samples were collected from six sources of VOCs (Silage, Total Mixed Rations, Lagoons, Flushing Lanes, Open Lots and Bedding) at six dairies in Central California during 2006-2007 using emission isolation flux chambers and polished stainless steel canisters. Samples were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and gas chromatography/flame ionization detection. Forty-eight VOCs were identified and quantified in the samples, including alcohols, carbonyls, alkanes and aromatics. Silage and Total Mixed Rations are the dominant sources of VOCs tested, with ethanol as the major VOC present. Emissions from the remaining sources are two to three orders of magnitude smaller, with carbonyls and aromatics as the main components. The data suggest that animal feed rather than animal waste are the main source of <span class="hlt">non</span>-enteric VOC emissions from dairies.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394264','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19394264"><span>Direct identification of <span class="hlt">non</span>-polio enteroviruses in <span class="hlt">residual</span> paralysis cases by analysis of VP1 sequences.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rahimi, Pooneh; Tabatabaie, H; Gouya, Mohammad M; Mahmudi, M; Musavi, T; Rad, K Samimi; Azad, T Mokhtari; Nategh, R</p> <p>2009-06-01</p> <p>The 66 serotypes of human enteroviruses (EVs) are classified into four species A-D, based on phylogenetic relationships in multiple genome regions. Partial VP(1) amplification and sequence analysis are reliable methods for identifying <span class="hlt">non</span>-polio enterovirus serotypes, especially in negative cell culture specimens from patients with <span class="hlt">residual</span> paralysis. In Iran during the years 2000-2002, there were 29 <span class="hlt">residual</span> paralysis cases with negative cell (RD, HEp(2) and L(20)B) culture results. The genomic RNA was extracted from stool specimens from cases of <span class="hlt">residual</span> paralysis and detected by amplification of the 5'-nontranslated region using RT-PCR with Pan-EV primers. Partial VP(1) amplification by semi-nested RT-PCR (snRT-PCR) and sequence analysis were done. Specimens from the 29 culture-negative cases contained echoviruses of six different serotypes. The global eradication of wild polioviruses is near and study of <span class="hlt">non</span>-polio enteroviruses, which can cause poliomyelitis, is increasingly important to understand their pathogenesis. The VP(1) sequences, derived from the snRT-PCR products, allowed rapid molecular analysis of these <span class="hlt">non</span>-polio strains.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1365809-non-volatile-organic-electrochemical-device-low-voltage-artificial-synapse-neuromorphic-computing','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1365809-non-volatile-organic-electrochemical-device-low-voltage-artificial-synapse-neuromorphic-computing"><span>A <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>van de Burgt, Yoeri; Lubberman, Ewout; Fuller, Elliot J.; ...</p> <p>2017-02-20</p> <p>The brain is capable of massively parallel information processing while consuming only ~1- 100 fJ per synaptic event. Inspired by the efficiency of the brain, CMOS-based neural architectures and memristors are being developed for pattern recognition and machine learning. However, the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, design complexity and high supply voltages for CMOS architectures, and the stochastic and energy-costly switching of memristors complicate the path to achieve the interconnectivity, information density, and energy efficiency of the brain using either approach. Here we describe an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) operating with a fundamentally different mechanism from existing memristors. ENODe switches at low energymore » (<10 pJ for 10 3 μm 2 devices) and voltage, displays >500 distinct, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> conductance states within a ~1 V range, and achieves high classification accuracy when implemented in neural network simulations. Plastic ENODEs are also fabricated on flexible substrates enabling the integration of neuromorphic functionality in stretchable electronic systems. Mechanical flexibility makes ENODes compatible with 3D architectures, opening a path towards extreme interconnectivity comparable to the human brain.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatMa..16..414V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017NatMa..16..414V"><span>A <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>van de Burgt, Yoeri; Lubberman, Ewout; Fuller, Elliot J.; Keene, Scott T.; Faria, Grégorio C.; Agarwal, Sapan; Marinella, Matthew J.; Alec Talin, A.; Salleo, Alberto</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The brain is capable of massively parallel information processing while consuming only ~1-100 fJ per synaptic event. Inspired by the efficiency of the brain, CMOS-based neural architectures and memristors are being developed for pattern recognition and machine learning. However, the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, design complexity and high supply voltages for CMOS architectures, and the stochastic and energy-costly switching of memristors complicate the path to achieve the interconnectivity, information density, and energy efficiency of the brain using either approach. Here we describe an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) operating with a fundamentally different mechanism from existing memristors. ENODe switches at low voltage and energy (<10 pJ for 103 μm2 devices), displays >500 distinct, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> conductance states within a ~1 V range, and achieves high classification accuracy when implemented in neural network simulations. Plastic ENODes are also fabricated on flexible substrates enabling the integration of neuromorphic functionality in stretchable electronic systems. Mechanical flexibility makes ENODes compatible with three-dimensional architectures, opening a path towards extreme interconnectivity comparable to the human brain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28218920','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28218920"><span>A <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic electrochemical device as a low-voltage artificial synapse for neuromorphic computing.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van de Burgt, Yoeri; Lubberman, Ewout; Fuller, Elliot J; Keene, Scott T; Faria, Grégorio C; Agarwal, Sapan; Marinella, Matthew J; Alec Talin, A; Salleo, Alberto</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The brain is capable of massively parallel information processing while consuming only ∼1-100 fJ per synaptic event. Inspired by the efficiency of the brain, CMOS-based neural architectures and memristors are being developed for pattern recognition and machine learning. However, the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, design complexity and high supply voltages for CMOS architectures, and the stochastic and energy-costly switching of memristors complicate the path to achieve the interconnectivity, information density, and energy efficiency of the brain using either approach. Here we describe an electrochemical neuromorphic organic device (ENODe) operating with a fundamentally different mechanism from existing memristors. ENODe switches at low voltage and energy (<10 pJ for 10 3  μm 2 devices), displays >500 distinct, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> conductance states within a ∼1 V range, and achieves high classification accuracy when implemented in neural network simulations. Plastic ENODes are also fabricated on flexible substrates enabling the integration of neuromorphic functionality in stretchable electronic systems. Mechanical flexibility makes ENODes compatible with three-dimensional architectures, opening a path towards extreme interconnectivity comparable to the human brain.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981STIN...8221758J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981STIN...8221758J"><span>Dry fermentation of agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jewell, W. J.; Chandler, J. A.; Dellorto, S.; Fanfoni, K. J.; Fast, S.; Jackson, D.; Kabrick, R. M.</p> <p>1981-09-01</p> <p>A dry fermentation process is discussed which converts agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span> to methane, using the <span class="hlt">residues</span> in their as produced state. The process appears to simplify and enhance the possibilities for using crop <span class="hlt">residues</span> as an energy source. The major process variables investigated include temperature, the amount and type of inoculum, buffer requirements, compaction, and pretreatment to control the initial available organic components that create pH problems. A pilot-scale reactor operation on corn stover at a temperature of 550 C, with 25 percent initial total solids, a seed-to-feed ratio of 2.5 percent, and a buffer-to-feed ratio of 8 percent achieved 33 percent total <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids destruction in 60 days. Volumetric biogas yields from this unit were greater than 1 vol/vol day for 12 days, and greater than 0.5 vol/vol day for 32 days, at a substrate density of 169 kg/m (3).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25881553','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25881553"><span>Advanced treatment of <span class="hlt">residual</span> nitrogen from biologically treated coke effluent by a microalga-mediated process using <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs) under stepwise mixotrophic conditions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ryu, Byung-Gon; Kim, Woong; Heo, Sung-Woon; Kim, Donghyun; Choi, Gang-Guk; Yang, Ji-Won</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>This work describes the development of a microalga-mediated process for simultaneous removal of <span class="hlt">residual</span> ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N) and production of lipids from biologically treated coke effluent. Four species of green algae were tested using a sequential mixotrophic process. In the first phase-CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition-all microalgae assimilated NH4(+)-N with no evident inhibition. In second phase-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs)-supplied mixotrophic condition-removal rates of NH4(+)-N and biomass significantly increased. Among the microalgae used, Arctic Chlorella sp. ArM0029B had the highest rate of NH4(+)-N removal (0.97 mg/L/h) and fatty acid production (24.9 mg/L/d) which were 3.6- and 2.1-fold higher than those observed under the CO2-supplied mixotrophic condition. Redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that acetate and butyrate were decisive factors for increasing NH4(+)-N removal and fatty acid production. These results demonstrate that microalgae can be used in a sequential process for treatment of <span class="hlt">residual</span> nitrogen after initial treatment of activated sludge. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......242G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013PhDT.......242G"><span>Fabrication de memoire monoelectronique <span class="hlt">non</span> <span class="hlt">volatile</span> par une approche de nanogrille flottante</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guilmain, Marc</p> <p></p> <p>Les transistors monoelectroniques (SET) sont des dispositifs de tailles nanometriques qui permettent la commande d'un electron a la fois et donc, qui consomment peu d'energie. Une des applications complementaires des SET qui attire l'attention est son utilisation dans des circuits de memoire. Une memoire monoelectronique (SEM) <span class="hlt">non</span> <span class="hlt">volatile</span> a le potentiel d'operer a des frequences de l'ordre des gigahertz ce qui lui permettrait de remplacer en meme temps les memoires mortes de type FLASH et les memoires vives de type DRAM. Une puce SEM permettrait donc ultimement la reunification des deux grands types de memoire au sein des ordinateurs. Cette these porte sur la fabrication de memoires monoelectroniques <span class="hlt">non</span> <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Le procede de fabrication propose repose sur le procede nanodamascene developpe par C. Dubuc et al. a 1'Universite de Sherbrooke. L'un des avantages de ce procede est sa compatibilite avec le back-end-of-line (BEOL) des circuits CMOS. Ce procede a le potentiel de fabriquer plusieurs couches de circuits memoirestres denses au-dessus de tranches CMOS. Ce document presente, entre autres, la realisation d'un simulateur de memoires monoelectroniques ainsi que les resultats de simulations de differentes structures. L'optimisation du procede de fabrication de dispositifs monoelectroniques et la realisation de differentes architectures de SEM simples sont traitees. Les optimisations ont ete faites a plusieurs niveaux : l'electrolithographie, la gravure de l'oxyde, le soulevement du titane, la metallisation et la planarisation CMP. La caracterisation electrique a permis d'etudier en profondeur les dispositifs formes de jonction de Ti/TiO2 et elle a demontre que ces materiaux ne sont pas appropries. Par contre, un SET forme de jonction de TiN/Al2O3 a ete fabrique et caracterise avec succes a basse temperature. Cette demonstration demontre le potentiel du procede de fabrication et de la deposition de couche atomique (ALD) pour la fabrication de memoires</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23421120"><span>The floating-gate <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> semiconductor memory--from invention to the digital age.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sze, S M</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>In the past 45 years (from 1967 to 2012), the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> semiconductor memory (NVSM) has emerged from a floating-gate concept to the prime technology driver of the largest industry in the world-the electronics industry. In this paper, we briefly review the historical development of NVSM and project its future trends to the year 2020. In addition, we consider NVSM's wide-range of applications from the digital cellular phone to tablet computer to digital television. As the device dimension is scaled down to the deca-nanometer regime, we expect that many innovations will be made to meet the scaling challenges, and NVSM-inspired technology will continue to enrich and improve our lives for decades to come.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22688035','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22688035"><span>Contribution of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> and aroma fractions to in-mouth sensory properties of red wines: wine reconstitution strategies and sensory sorting task.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sáenz-Navajas, María-Pilar; Campo, Eva; Avizcuri, José Miguel; Valentin, Dominique; Fernández-Zurbano, Purificación; Ferreira, Vicente</p> <p>2012-06-30</p> <p>This work explores to what extent the aroma or the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> fractions of red wines are responsible for the overall flavor differences perceived in-mouth. For this purpose, 14 samples (4 commercial and 10 reconstituted wines), were sorted by a panel of 30 trained assessors according to their sensory in-mouth similarities. Reconstituted wines were prepared by adding the same <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fraction (coming from a red wine) to the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> fraction of 10 different red wines showing large differences in perceived astringency. Sorting was performed under three different conditions: (a) no aroma perception: nose-close condition (NA), (b) retronasal aroma perception only (RA), and (c) allowing retro- and involuntary orthonasal aroma perception (ROA). Similarity estimates were derived from the sorting and submitted to multidimensional scaling (MDS) followed by hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). Results have clearly shown that, globally, aroma perception is not the major driver of the in-mouth sensory perception of red wine, which is undoubtedly primarily driven by the perception of astringency and by the chemical compounds causing it, particularly protein precipitable proanthocyanidins (PAs). However, aroma perception plays a significant role on the perception of sweetness and bitterness. The impact of aroma seems to be more important whenever astringency, total polyphenols and protein precipitable PAs levels are smaller. Results also indicate that when a red-black fruit odor nuance is clearly perceived in conditions in which orthonasal odor perception is allowed, a strong reduction in astringency takes place. Such red-black fruit odor nuance seems to be the result of a specific aroma release pattern as a consequence of the interaction between aroma compounds and the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> matrix. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2780363','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2780363"><span>Possible Mitochondria-Associated Enzymatic Role in <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Hodgkin Lymphoma <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kusao, Ian; Troelstrup, David; Shiramizu, Bruce</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background The mechanisms responsible for resistant or recurrent disease in childhood <span class="hlt">non</span>-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) are not yet fully understood. A unique mechanism suggesting the role of the mitochondria as the key energy source responsible for <span class="hlt">residual</span> cells has been assessed in the clinical setting on specimens from patients on therapy were found to have increased copies of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) associated with positive minimal <span class="hlt">residual</span> disease and/or persistent disease (MRD/PD) status. The potential role of mtDNA in MRD/PD emphasizes queries into the contributions of relevant enzymatic pathways responsible for MRD/PD. This study hypothesized that in an in-vitro model, recovering or <span class="hlt">residual</span> cells from chemotoxicity will exhibit an increase in both citrate synthase and isocitrate dehydrogenase expression and decrease in succinate dehydrogenase expression. Procedure Ramos cells (Burkitt lymphoma cell line) were exposed to varying concentrations of doxorubicin and vincristine for 1 hr; and allowing for recovery in culture over a 7-day period. cDNA was extracted on days 1 and 7 of the cell culture period to assess the relative expression of the aforementioned genes. Results Increase citrate synthase, increase isocitrate dehydrogenase and decrease succinate dehydrogenase expressions were found in recovering Ramos cells. Conclusion Recovering lymphoma cells appear to compensate by regulating enzymatic levels of appropriate genes in the Krebs Cycle suggesting an important role of the mitochondria in the presence of <span class="hlt">residual</span> cells. PMID:19936279</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3352722','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3352722"><span>Fungal <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> associated with moldy grain in ventilated and <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated bin-stored wheat.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sinha, R N; Tuma, D; Abramson, D; Muir, W E</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p>The fungal odor compounds 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-octen-3-ol and 3-octanone were monitored in nine experimental bins in Winnipeg, Manitoba containing a hard red spring wheat during the autumn, winter and summer seasons of 1984-85. Quality changes were associated with seed-borne microflora and moisture content in both ventilated and <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated bins containing wheat of 15.6 and 18.2% initial moisture content. All three odor compounds occurred in considerably greater amounts in bulk wheat in <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated than in ventilated bins, particularly in those with wheat having 18.2% moisture content. The presence of these compounds usually coincided with infection of the seeds by the fungi Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus repens DeBarry, A. versicolor (Vuill.) Tiraboschi, Penicillium crustosum Thom, P. oxalicum Currie and Thom, P. aurantiogriesum Dierckx, and P. citrinum Thom. High production of all three odor compounds in damp wheat stored in <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated bins was associated with heavy fungal infection of the seeds and reduction in seed germinability. High initial moisture content of the harvested grain accelerated the production of all three fungal <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in <span class="hlt">non</span>-ventilated bins.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20006713-fluidized-bed-combustion-high-volatile-solid-fuels-assessment-char-attrition-volatile-matter-segregation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20006713-fluidized-bed-combustion-high-volatile-solid-fuels-assessment-char-attrition-volatile-matter-segregation"><span>Fluidized bed combustion of high-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid fuels: An assessment of char attrition and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter segregation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Chirone, R.; Marzocchella, A.; Salatino, P.</p> <p>1999-07-01</p> <p>A simple lumped-parameter model of a bubbling fluidized bed combustor fueled with high-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid fuels is presented. The combustor is divided into three sections: the dense bed, the splashing region and the freeboard. Material balances on fixed carbon, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter and oxygen are set up, taking into account fuel particle fragmentation and attrition, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter segregation as well as postcombustion of both carbon fines and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> escaping the bed. A basic assumption of the model is that the combustion pathway that foes from the raw fuel to the combustion products proceeds via the formation of three phases: <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter, relativelymore » large <span class="hlt">non</span>-elutriable char particles and fine char particles of elutriable size. The study is complemented by a simplified thermal balance on the splashing zone taking into account <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and elutriated fines postcombustion and radiative and convective heat fluxes to the bed and the freeboard. Results from calculations with either low- or high-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid fuels indicate that low-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> bituminous coal combustion takes place essentially in the bed mostly via coarse char particles combustion, while high-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> biomass fuel combustion occurs to comparable extents both in the bed and in the splashing region of the combustor. Depending on the extent of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter segregation with respect to the bed, a significant fraction of the heat is released into the splashing region of the combustor and this results into an increase of temperature in this region. Extensive bed solids recirculation associated to bubble bursting/solids ejection at the bed surface together with effective gas-solids heat transfer promotes thermal feedback from this region to the bed of as much as 90% of the heat release by <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter and elutriated fines afterburning.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1185332-flexibility-active-site-gorge-aromatic-residues-non-gorge-aromatic-residues-acetylcholinesterase','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1185332-flexibility-active-site-gorge-aromatic-residues-non-gorge-aromatic-residues-acetylcholinesterase"><span>Flexibility of active-site gorge aromatic <span class="hlt">residues</span> and <span class="hlt">non</span>-gorge aromatic <span class="hlt">residues</span> in acetylcholinesterase</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Ghattyvenkatakrishna, Pavan K; Uberbacher, Edward C</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The presence of an unusually large number of aromatic <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the active site gorge of acetylcholinesterase has been a topic of great interest. Flexibility of these <span class="hlt">residues</span> has been suspected to be a key player in controlling ligand traversal in the gorge. This raises the question of whether the over representation of aromatic <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the gorge implies higher than normal flexibility of those <span class="hlt">residues</span>. The current study suggests that it does not. Large changes in the hydrophobic cross sectional area due to dihedral oscillations are probably the reason behind their presence in the gorge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26777782','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26777782"><span>Ultra high performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadruple time-of-flight with MS(E) technology used for qualitative analysis of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> oxidation markers in sliced packed mushrooms (Agaricus Bisporus).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wrona, Magdalena; Pezo, Davinson; Canellas, Elena; Nerín, Cristina</p> <p>2016-02-05</p> <p>61 different <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds were determined in Agaricus Bisporus sliced mushrooms using UHPLC/Q-TOF with MS(E) technology. Both positive and negative electrospray ionization were applied. Chemical profile of three parts of mushroom was created: cap, gills and stipe. The analysed mushrooms were oxidized to identify the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> markers in their parts. MarkerLynx(®) was proposed as a powerful tool to distinguish mushrooms purchased in different countries (Spain and Portugal) by determining their <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> markers. Some metabolites were identified. Surprisingly a mix of polyethylene glycols (PEGs) was detected in cap and gills of mushrooms. Whole mushrooms were considered as vegetable resistant to migration from packaging compounds. Additionally migration tests were performed to determine the source of migrating compounds. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122m5303K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JAP...122m5303K"><span>Highly conducting leakage-free electrolyte for SrCoOx-based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Katase, Takayoshi; Suzuki, Yuki; Ohta, Hiromichi</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The electrochemical switching of SrCoOx-based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory with a thin-film-transistor structure was examined by using liquid-leakage-free electrolytes with different conductivities (σ) as the gate insulator. We first examined leakage-free water, which is incorporated in the amorphous (a-) 12CaO.7Al2O3 film with a nanoporous structure (Calcium Aluminate with Nanopore), but the electrochemical oxidation/reduction of the SrCoOx layer required the application of a high gate voltage (Vg) up to 20 V for a very long current-flowing-time (t) ˜40 min, primarily due to the low σ [2.0 × 10-8 S cm-1 at room temperature (RT)] of leakage-free water. We then controlled the σ of the leakage-free electrolyte, infiltrated in the a-NaxTaO3 film with a nanopillar array structure, from 8.0 × 10-8 S cm-1 to 2.5 × 10-6 S cm-1 at RT by changing the x = 0.01-1.0. As the result, the t, required for the metallization of the SrCoOx layer under small Vg = -3 V, becomes two orders of magnitude shorter with increase of the σ of the a-NaxTaO3 leakage-free electrolyte. These results indicate that the ion migration in the leakage-free electrolyte is the rate-determining step for the electrochemical switching, compared to the other electrochemical process, and the high σ of the leakage-free electrolyte is the key factor for the development of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> SrCoOx-based electro-magnetic phase switching device.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29843477','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29843477"><span>Flavor Compounds in Pixian Broad-Bean Paste: <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Organic Acids and Amino Acids.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lin, Hongbin; Yu, Xiaoyu; Fang, Jiaxing; Lu, Yunhao; Liu, Ping; Xing, Yage; Wang, Qin; Che, Zhenming; He, Qiang</p> <p>2018-05-29</p> <p><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> organic acids and amino acids are important flavor compounds in Pixian broad-bean paste, which is a traditional Chinese seasoning product. In this study, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic acids, formed in the broad-bean paste due to the metabolism of large molecular compounds, are qualitatively and quantitatively determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Amino acids, mainly produced by hydrolysis of soybean proteins, were determined by the amino acid automatic analyzer. Results indicated that seven common organic acids and eighteen common amino acids were found in six Pixian broad-bean paste samples. The content of citric acid was found to be the highest in each sample, between 4.1 mg/g to 6.3 mg/g, and malic acid were between 2.1 mg/g to 3.6 mg/g ranked as the second. Moreover, fumaric acid was first detected in fermented bean pastes albeit with a low content. For amino acids, savory with lower sour taste including glutamine (Gln), glutamic acid (Glu), aspartic acid (Asp) and asparagines (Asn) were the most abundant, noted to be 6.5 mg/g, 4.0 mg/g, 6.4 mg/g, 4.9 mg/g, 6.2 mg/g and 10.2 mg/g, and bitter taste amino acids followed. More importantly, as important flavor materials in Pixian broad-bean paste, these two groups of substances are expected to be used to evaluate and represent the flavor quality of Pixian broad-bean paste. Moreover, the results revealed that citric acid, glutamic acid, methionine and proline were the most important flavor compounds. These findings are agreat contribution for evaluating the quality and further assessment of Pixian broad-bean paste.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4012514','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4012514"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Metabolites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rowan, Daryl D.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> organic compounds (<span class="hlt">volatiles</span>) comprise a chemically diverse class of low molecular weight organic compounds having an appreciable vapor pressure under ambient conditions. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> produced by plants attract pollinators and seed dispersers, and provide defense against pests and pathogens. For insects, <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> may act as pheromones directing social behavior or as cues for finding hosts or prey. For humans, <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> are important as flavorants and as possible disease biomarkers. The marine environment is also a major source of halogenated and sulfur-containing <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> which participate in the global cycling of these elements. While <span class="hlt">volatile</span> analysis commonly measures a rather restricted set of analytes, the diverse and extreme physical properties of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> provide unique analytical challenges. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> constitute only a small proportion of the total number of metabolites produced by living organisms, however, because of their roles as signaling molecules (semiochemicals) both within and between organisms, accurately measuring and determining the roles of these compounds is crucial to an integrated understanding of living systems. This review summarizes recent developments in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> research from a metabolomics perspective with a focus on the role of recent technical innovation in developing new areas of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> research and expanding the range of ecological interactions which may be mediated by <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic metabolites. PMID:24957243</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol23/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol23-sec180-1127.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol23/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol23-sec180-1127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral <span class="hlt">volatile</span> attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral <span class="hlt">volatile</span> attractant compounds...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec180-1127.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol24/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol24-sec180-1127.pdf"><span>40 CFR 180.1127 - Biochemical pesticide plant floral <span class="hlt">volatile</span> attractant compounds: cinnamaldehyde, cinnamyl...</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Biochemical pesticide plant floral... (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS TOLERANCES AND EXEMPTIONS FOR PESTICIDE CHEMICAL <span class="hlt">RESIDUES</span> IN FOOD Exemptions From Tolerances § 180.1127 Biochemical pesticide plant floral <span class="hlt">volatile</span> attractant compounds...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656770','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21656770"><span>Efficiency of urease and nitrification inhibitors in reducing ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from diverse nitrogen fertilizers applied to different soil types and wheat straw mulching.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>San Francisco, Sara; Urrutia, Oscar; Martin, Vincent; Peristeropoulos, Angelos; Garcia-Mina, Jose Maria</p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>Some authors suggest that the absence of tillage in agricultural soils might have an influence on the efficiency of nitrogen applied in the soil surface. In this study we investigate the influence of no-tillage and soil characteristics on the efficiency of a urease inhibitor (N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, NBPT) and a nitrification inhibitor (diciandiamide, DCD) in decreasing ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from urea and ammonium nitrate (AN), respectively. The results indicate that ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> in soils amended with urea was significantly higher than in those fertilized with AN. Likewise, the main soil factors affecting ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from urea are clay and sand soil contents. While clay impedes ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, sand favours it. The presence of organic <span class="hlt">residues</span> on soil surface (no-tillage) tends to increase ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from urea, although this fact depended on soil type. The presence of NBPT in urea fertilizer significantly reduced soil ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. This action of NBPT was negatively affected by acid soil pH and favoured by soil clay content. The presence of organic <span class="hlt">residues</span> on soil surface amended with urea increased ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, and was particularly high in sandy compared with clay soils. Application of NBPT reduced ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> although its efficiency is reduced in acid soils. Concerning AN fertilization, there were no differences in ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> with or without DCD in no-tillage soils. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969903','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28969903"><span>Comparative assessment of software for <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted data analysis in the study of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fingerprint changes during storage of a strawberry beverage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Morales, M L; Callejón, R M; Ordóñez, J L; Troncoso, A M; García-Parrilla, M C</p> <p>2017-11-03</p> <p>Five free software packages were compared to assess their utility for the <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted study of changes in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile during the storage of a novel strawberry beverage. AMDIS coupled to Gavin software turned out to be easy to use, required the minimum handling for subsequent data treatment and its results were the most similar to those obtained by manual integration. However, AMDIS coupled to SpectConnect software provided more information for the study of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile changes during the storage of strawberry beverage. During storage, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile changed producing the differentiation among the strawberry beverage stored at different temperatures, and this difference increases as time passes; these results were also supported by PCA. As expected, it seems that cold temperature is the best way of preservation for this product during long time storage. Variable Importance in the Projection (VIP) and correlation scores pointed out four <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds as potential markers for shelf-life of our strawberry beverage: 2-phenylethyl acetate, decanoic acid, γ-decalactone and furfural. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5229N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..14.5229N"><span>Contribution of microorganisms to <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residue</span> formation from biodegradable organic contaminants in soil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nowak, K. M.; Girardi, C.; Miltner, A.; Schäffer, A.; Kästner, M.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>Biodegradation of organic contaminants in soil is actually understood as their transformation into various primary metabolites, microbial biomass, mineralisation products and <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> (NER). NER are generally considered to be composed of parent compounds or primary metabolites with hazardous potential. Up to date, however, their chemical composition remains still unclear. Studies on NER formation are limited to quantitative analyses in soils or to simple humic acids-contaminant systems. However, in the case of biodegradable organic compounds, NER may also contain microbial biomass components, e.g. fatty acids (FA) and amino acids (AA). After cell death, these biomolecules are incorporated into soil organic matter (SOM) and stabilised, ultimately forming biogenic <span class="hlt">residues</span> which are not any more extractable. We investigated the incorporation of the 13C-label into FA and AA and their fate during biodegradation experiments in soil with isotope-labelled 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (13C6-2,4-D) and ibuprofen (13C6-ibu) as model organic contaminants. Our study proved for the first time that nearly all NER formed from 13C6-2,4-D and 13C6-ibu in soil derived from harmless microbial biomass components stabilised in SOM. 13C-FA and 13C-AA contents in the living microbial biomass fraction decreased over time and these components were continuously incorporated into the <span class="hlt">non</span>-living SOM pool in biotic experiments with 13C6-2,4-D and 13C6-ibu. The 13C-AA in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-living SOM were surprisingly stable from day 32 (13C6-2,4-D) and 58 (13C6-ibu) until the end of incubation. We also studied the transformation of 13C6-2,4-D and 13C6-ibu into NER in the abiotic soil experiments. In these experiments, the total NER contents were much lower than in the corresponding biotic experiments. The absence of labelled biomolecules in the NER fraction in abiotic soils demonstrated that they consist of the potentially hazardous parent compounds and / or their metabolites. Biogenic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..245c2034M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..245c2034M"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-Destructive Assessment of <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Strength of Thermally Damaged Concrete Made with Different Aggregate Types</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mróz, Katarzyna; Hager, Izabela</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The paper presents the results obtained for four concretes made with four different aggregate types: basalt, granite, dolomite and riverbed gravel. In this study, the cement paste and mortar compositions and their volumes remained the same for all the four concretes that allow clear comparisons and conclusions of aggregate type effect. Moreover, the aggregate particle size distribution is chosen to be quasi identical for all concretes so that this factor does not affect the concrete behaviour. The <span class="hlt">residual</span> material properties (after heating and cooling down) are determined with the use of destructive and <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive testing methods for each concrete type being not thermally damaged and after thermal exposure at temperature of 200 °C. 400 °C, 600 °C, 800 °C and 1000 °C. <span class="hlt">Residual</span> mechanical properties are compared with diagnostic parameters obtained with NDT methods. The aim of this study is to provide and compare the regression curves between selected <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive diagnostic parameters and the <span class="hlt">residual</span> values of mechanical properties. The NDT methods used in this experiment are: surface hardness and Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500752','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500752"><span>Attractiveness of Host Plant <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Extracts to the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is Reduced by Terpenoids from the <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Host Cashew.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fancelli, Marilene; Borges, Miguel; Laumann, Raul A; Pickett, John A; Birkett, Michael A; Blassioli-Moraes, Maria C</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Diaphorina citri is a vector of the bacterial causative agent of Huanglongbing (HLB = Citrus greening), a severe disease affecting citrus crops. As there is no known control for HLB, manipulating insect behaviour through deployment of semiochemicals offers a promising opportunity for protecting citrus crops. The behavioural responses of D. citri to plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, and the identity of these plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were investigated. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> were collected from host plants Murraya paniculata, Citrus sinensis, C. reshni, C. limettioides, Poncirus trifoliata, and from <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants Psidium guajava, Mangifera indica, Anacardium occidentale. In behavioural assays, female D. citri spent more time in the arms containing <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. When D. citri was exposed to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> collected from A. occidentale, they preferred the control arm. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> emitted from the other studied plants did not influence the foraging behaviour of D. citri. Chemical analyses of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> extracts from C. sinensis, M. paniculata, and A. occidentale revealed the presence of the terpenoids (E)-4,8-dimethylnona-1,3,7-triene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyltrideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) in higher amounts in A. occidentale. In further behavioural bioassays, female D. citri spent less time in arms containing a synthetic blend of DMNT and TMTT compared to the control arms. Female D. citri also spent less time in arms containing the synthetic blend in combination with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> extracts from either M. paniculata or C. sinensis compared to the control arms. Results suggest that higher release of the two terpenoids by A. occidentale make this species unattractive to D. citri, and that the terpenoids could be used in reducing colonisation of citrus plants and therefore HLB infection.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JKPS...64.1751O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JKPS...64.1751O"><span>Multifractal analysis of implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in index options</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Oh, GabJin</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>In this paper, we analyze the statistical and the <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear properties of the log-variations in implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> for the CAC40, DAX and S& P500 daily index options. The price of an index option is generally represented by its implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surface, including its smile and skew properties. We utilize a Lévy process model as the underlying asset to deepen our understanding of the intrinsic property of the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in the index options and estimate the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surface. We find that the options pricing models with the exponential Lévy model can reproduce the smile or sneer features of the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> that are observed in real options markets. We study the variation in the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> for at-the-money index call and put options, and we find that the distribution function follows a power-law distribution with an exponent of 3.5 ≤ γ ≤ 4.5. Especially, the variation in the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> exhibits multifractal spectral characteristics, and the global financial crisis has influenced the complexity of the option markets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28450021','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28450021"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> composition and sensory characteristics of onion powders prepared by convective drying.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, So Mang; Lee, Dong-Jin; Kim, Jong-Yea; Lim, Seung-Taik</p> <p>2017-09-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> composition and sensory characteristics of onion powders prepared by convective drying at different temperatures (50, 70, and 90°C) were investigated. Dipropyl disulfide was the major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound in fresh onion (77.70% of total <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds). However it was considerably lost during drying, reaching 6.93-32.25µg/g solids. Dipropyl disulfide showed a positive correlation with green sensory attribute perceived by descriptive sensory analysis. Thiophenes, which were responsible for caramel and sweet attributes, were produced by drying especially when the drying temperature was high. Aldehydes, another type of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound found in fresh onion, showed a positive correlation with humidity. The aldehyde content in dried onion was the highest at the lowest drying temperature, possibly because the aldehydes were produced by the <span class="hlt">residual</span> enzymes in fresh onion. Using a low temperature for drying was ideal to retain the aroma of fresh onion. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EPJB...27..201C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EPJB...27..201C"><span>Hammerstein system represention of financial <span class="hlt">volatility</span> processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Capobianco, E.</p> <p>2002-05-01</p> <p>We show new modeling aspects of stock return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> processes, by first representing them through Hammerstein Systems, and by then approximating the observed and transformed dynamics with wavelet-based atomic dictionaries. We thus propose an hybrid statistical methodology for <span class="hlt">volatility</span> approximation and <span class="hlt">non</span>-parametric estimation, and aim to use the information embedded in a bank of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> sources obtained by decomposing the observed signal with multiresolution techniques. Scale dependent information refers both to market activity inherent to different temporally aggregated trading horizons, and to a variable degree of sparsity in representing the signal. A decomposition of the expansion coefficients in least dependent coordinates is then implemented through Independent Component Analysis. Based on the described steps, the features of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> can be more effectively detected through global and greedy algorithms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34..577K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000AtmEn..34..577K"><span>Total <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (TNMVOC) in the atmosphere of Delhi</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kumar Padhy, Pratap; Varshney, C. K.</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> organic compounds (VOC), more specifically, <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (NMVOC) play a critical role in the atmospheric chemistry. NMVOC, through complex photochemical reactions, contribute to the formation of toxic oxidants, such as tropospheric ozone and PAN, which are injurious to health and highly phytotoxic. Certain NMVOC have been shown to be highly toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic. NMVOC are receiving increasing attention in the west on account of their implication for human health and air quality. On the other hand, information on NMVOC in India and other developing countries is not available. As a result, appreciation of potential threat from NMVOC in relation to air quality and public health is sadly lacking among planners and policy makers. The paper deals with the estimation of total NMVOC at 13 sites in the urban environment of Delhi during November 1994 to June 1995. An inexpensive, labour intensive manual sample collection device was used and the air samples were analysed using GC-FID. The results show that the amount of NMVOC in the ambient environment of Delhi varied between 1.3 and 32.5 ppmv exhibiting wide temporal and seasonal variation. NMVOC levels mostly peaked at 0900 h, which coincide with the peak traffic hour. The implications of NMVOC build-up in the urban atmosphere are obvious for air quality. The results of this preliminary study make out a strong case for developing a regular monitoring programme for NMVOC in the urban environment of Delhi as well as in other major cities in the region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70184512','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70184512"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> as a natural attenuation pathway for MTBE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lahvis, Matthew A.; Baehr, Arthur L.; Baker, Ronald J.</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> and diffusion through the unsaturated zone can be an important pathway for natural attenuation remediation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) at gasoline spill sites. The significance of this pathway depends primarily on the distribution of immiscible product within the unsaturated zone and the relative magnitude of aqueous-phase advection (ground water recharge) to gaseous-phase diffusion. At a gasoline spill site in Laurel Bay, South Carolina, rates of MTBE <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> from ground water downgradient from the source are estimated by analyzing the distribution of MTBE in the unsaturated zone above a solute plume. <span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> rates of MTBE from ground water determined by transport modeling ranged from 0.0020 to 0.0042 g m-2/year, depending on the assumed rate of ground water recharge. Although diffusive conditions at the Laurel Bay site are favorable for <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, mass loss of MTBE is insignificant over the length (230 m) of the solute plume. Based on this analysis, significant <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of MTBE from ground water downgradient from source areas at other sites is not likely. In contrast, model results indicate that <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> coupled with diffusion to the atmosphere could be a significant mass loss pathway for MTBE in source areas where <span class="hlt">residual</span> product resides above the capillary zone. Although not documented, mass loss of MTBE at the Laurel Bay site due to <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> and diffusion to the atmosphere are predicted to be two to three times greater than mass loading of MTBE to ground water due to dissolution and recharge. This result would imply that <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> in the source zone may be the critical natural attenuation pathway for MTBE at gasoline spill sites, especially when considering capillary zone limitations on <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of MTBE from ground water and the relative recalcitrance of MTBE to biodegradation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268600','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26268600"><span>Air classification: Potential treatment method for optimized recycling or utilization of fine-grained air pollution control <span class="hlt">residues</span> obtained from dry off-gas cleaning high-temperature processing systems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lanzerstorfer, Christof</p> <p>2015-11-01</p> <p>In the dust collected from the off-gas of high-temperature processes, usually components that are <span class="hlt">volatile</span> at the process temperature are enriched. In the recycling of the dust, the concentration of these <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components is frequently limited to avoid operation problems. Also, for external utilization the concentration of such <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components, especially heavy metals, is often restricted. The concentration of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components is usually higher in the fine fractions of the collected dust. Therefore, air classification is a potential treatment method to deplete the coarse material from these <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components by splitting off a fines fraction with an increased concentration of those <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components. In this work, the procedure of a sequential classification using a laboratory air classifier and the calculations required for the evaluation of air classification for a certain application were demonstrated by taking the example of a fly ash sample from a biomass combustion plant. In the investigated example, the Pb content in the coarse fraction could be reduced to 60% by separation of 20% fines. For the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> Mg the content was almost constant. It can be concluded that air classification is an appropriate method for the treatment of off-gas cleaning <span class="hlt">residues</span>. © The Author(s) 2015.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039200','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25039200"><span>Nonvolatile, semivolatile, or <span class="hlt">volatile</span>: redefining <span class="hlt">volatile</span> for <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Võ, Uyên-Uyén T; Morris, Michael P</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>Although widely used in air quality regulatory frameworks, the term "<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound" (VOC) is poorly defined. Numerous standardized tests are currently used in regulations to determine VOC content (and thus <span class="hlt">volatility</span>), but in many cases the tests do not agree with each other, nor do they always accurately represent actual evaporation rates under ambient conditions. The parameters (time, temperature, reference material, column polarity, etc.) used in the definitions and the associated test methods were created without a significant evaluation of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> characteristics in real world settings. Not only do these differences lead to varying VOC content results, but occasionally they conflict with one another. An ambient evaporation study of selected compounds and a few formulated products was conducted and the results were compared to several current VOC test methodologies: SCAQMD Method 313 (M313), ASTM Standard Test Method E 1868-10 (E1868), and US. EPA Reference Method 24 (M24). The ambient evaporation study showed a definite distinction between nonvolatile, semivolatile, and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds. Some low vapor pressure (LVP) solvents, currently considered exempt as VOCs by some methods, <span class="hlt">volatilize</span> at ambient conditions nearly as rapidly as the traditional high-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> solvents they are meant to replace. Conversely, bio-based and heavy hydrocarbons did not readily <span class="hlt">volatilize</span>, though they often are calculated as VOCs in some traditional test methods. The study suggests that regulatory standards should be reevaluated to more accurately reflect real-world emission from the use of VOC containing products. The definition of VOC in current test methods may lead to regulations that exclude otherwise viable alternatives or allow substitutions of chemicals that may limit the environmental benefits sought in the regulation. A study was conducted to examine <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of several compounds and a few formulated products under several current VOC test</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23361042','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23361042"><span>Contribution of microorganisms to <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residue</span> formation during biodegradation of ibuprofen in soil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nowak, Karolina M; Girardi, Cristobal; Miltner, Anja; Gehre, Matthias; Schäffer, Andreas; Kästner, Matthias</p> <p>2013-02-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> (NER) formed during biodegradation of organic contaminants in soil are considered to be mainly composed of parent compounds or their primary metabolites with hazardous potential. However, in the case of biodegradable organic compounds, the soil NER may also contain microbial biomass components, for example fatty acids (FA) and amino acids (AA). After cell death, these biomolecules are subsequently incorporated into <span class="hlt">non</span>-living soil organic matter (SOM) and are stabilised ultimately forming hardly extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> of biogenic origin. We investigated biodegradation of (13)C(6)-ibuprofen, in particular the metabolic incorporation of the (13)C-label into FA and AA and their fate in soil over 90 days. (13)C-FA and (13)C-AA amounts in the living microbial biomass fraction initially increased, then decreased over time and were continuously incorporated into the <span class="hlt">non</span>-living SOM pool. The (13)C-FA in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-living SOM remained stable from day 59 whereas the contents of (13)C-AA slightly increased until the end. After 90 days, nearly all NER were biogenic as they were made up almost completely by natural biomass compounds. The presented data demonstrated that the potential environmental risks related to the ibuprofen-derived NER are overestimated. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3688563','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3688563"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Compound-Mediated Interactions between Barley and Pathogenic Fungi in the Soil</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Fiers, Marie; Lognay, Georges; Fauconnier, Marie-Laure; Jijakli, M. Haïssam</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Plants are able to interact with their environment by emitting <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds. We investigated the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> interactions that take place below ground between barley roots and two pathogenic fungi, Cochliobolus sativus and Fusarium culmorum. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> molecules emitted by each fungus, by <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected barley roots and by barley roots infected with one of the fungi or the two of them were extracted by head-space solid phase micro extraction and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The effect of fungal <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on barley growth and the effect of barley root <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on fungal growth were assessed by cultivating both organisms in a shared atmosphere without any physical contact. The results show that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds, especially terpenes, are newly emitted during the interaction between fungi and barley roots. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> molecules released by <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected barley roots did not significantly affect fungal growth, whereas the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> molecules released by pathogenic fungi decreased the length of barley roots by 19 to 21.5% and the surface of aerial parts by 15%. The spectrum of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> released by infected barley roots had no significant effect on F. culmorum growth, but decreased C. sativus growth by 13 to 17%. This paper identifies the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds emitted by two pathogenic fungi and shows that pathogenic fungi can modify <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emission by infected plants. Our results open promising perspectives concerning the biological control of edaphic diseases. PMID:23818966</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999PhyA..269..140P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1999PhyA..269..140P"><span>Multiscaling and clustering of <span class="hlt">volatility</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pasquini, Michele; Serva, Maurizio</p> <p>1999-07-01</p> <p>The dynamics of prices in stock markets has been studied intensively both experimentally (data analysis) and theoretically (models). Nevertheless, while the distribution of returns of the most important indices is known to be a truncated Lévy, the behaviour of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> correlations is still poorly understood. What is well known is that absolute returns have memory on a long time range, this phenomenon is known in financial literature as clustering of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In this paper we show that <span class="hlt">volatility</span> correlations are power laws with a <span class="hlt">non</span>-unique scaling exponent. This kind of multiscale phenomenology is known to be relevant in fully developed turbulence and in disordered systems and it is pointed out here for the first time for a financial series. In our study we consider the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) daily index, from January 1966 to June 1998, for a total of 8180 working days.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAP...115m4316J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JAP...115m4316J"><span>A hybrid magnetic/complementary metal oxide semiconductor three-context memory bit cell for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> circuit design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jovanović, B.; Brum, R. M.; Torres, L.</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>After decades of continued scaling to the beat of Moore's law, it now appears that conventional silicon based devices are approaching their physical limits. In today's deep-submicron nodes, a number of short-channel and quantum effects are emerging that affect the manufacturing process, as well as, the functionality of the microelectronic systems-on-chip. Spintronics devices that exploit both the intrinsic spin of the electron and its associated magnetic moment, in addition to its fundamental electronic charge, are promising solutions to circumvent these scaling threats. Being compatible with the CMOS technology, such devices offer a promising synergy of radiation immunity, infinite endurance, <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span>, increased density, etc. In this paper, we present a hybrid (magnetic/CMOS) cell that is able to store and process data both electrically and magnetically. The cell is based on perpendicular spin-transfer torque magnetic tunnel junctions (STT-MTJs) and is suitable for use in magnetic random access memories and reprogrammable computing (<span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> registers, processor cache memories, magnetic field-programmable gate arrays, etc). To demonstrate the potential our hybrid cell, we physically implemented a small hybrid memory block using 45 nm × 45 nm round MTJs for the magnetic part and 28 nm fully depleted silicon on insulator (FD-SOI) technology for the CMOS part. We also report the cells measured performances in terms of area, robustness, read/write speed and energy consumption.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1222944-interfacial-charge-mediated-non-volatile-magnetoelectric-coupling-co0-ba0-nb-srtio3-multiferroic-heterostructures','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1222944-interfacial-charge-mediated-non-volatile-magnetoelectric-coupling-co0-ba0-nb-srtio3-multiferroic-heterostructures"><span>Interfacial charge-mediated <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> magnetoelectric coupling in Co 0.3Fe 0.7/Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO 3/Nb:SrTiO 3 multiferroic heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Zhou, Ziyao; Howe, Brandon M.; Liu, Ming; ...</p> <p>2015-01-13</p> <p>The central challenge in realizing <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, E-field manipulation of magnetism lies in finding an energy efficient means to switch between the distinct magnetic states in a stable and reversible manner. In this work, we demonstrate using electrical polarization-induced charge screening to change the ground state of magnetic ordering in order to <span class="hlt">non-volatilely</span> tune magnetic properties in ultra-thin Co 0.3Fe 0.7/Ba 0.6Sr 0.4TiO 3/Nb:SrTiO 3 (001) multiferroic heterostructures. A robust, voltage-induced, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> manipulation of out-of-plane magnetic anisotropy up to 40 Oe is demonstrated and confirmed by ferromagnetic resonance measurements. This discovery provides a framework for realizing charge-sensitive order parameter tuning inmore » ultra-thin multiferroic heterostructures, demonstrating great potential for delivering compact, lightweight, reconfigurable, and energy-efficient electronic devices.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4120346','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4120346"><span>Voltage Control of Metal-insulator Transition and <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Ferroelastic Switching of Resistance in VOx/PMN-PT Heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Nan, Tianxiang; Liu, Ming; Ren, Wei; Ye, Zuo-Guang; Sun, Nian X.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The central challenge in realizing electronics based on strongly correlated electronic states, or ‘Mottronics', lies in finding an energy efficient way to switch between the distinct collective phases with a control voltage in a reversible and reproducible manner. In this work, we demonstrate that a voltage-impulse-induced ferroelastic domain switching in the (011)-oriented 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) substrates allows a robust <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> tuning of the metal-insulator transition in the VOx films deposited onto them. In such a VOx/PMN-PT heterostructure, the unique two-step electric polarization switching covers up to 90% of the entire poled area and contributes to a homogeneous in-plane anisotropic biaxial strain, which, in turn, enables the lattice changes and results in the suppression of metal-insulator transition in the mechanically coupled VOx films by 6 K with a resistance change up to 40% over a broad range of temperature. These findings provide a framework for realizing in situ and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> tuning of strain-sensitive order parameters in strongly correlated materials, and demonstrate great potentials in delivering reconfigurable, compactable, and energy-efficient electronic devices. PMID:25088796</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25088796','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25088796"><span>Voltage control of metal-insulator transition and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> ferroelastic switching of resistance in VOx/PMN-PT heterostructures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nan, Tianxiang; Liu, Ming; Ren, Wei; Ye, Zuo-Guang; Sun, Nian X</p> <p>2014-08-04</p> <p>The central challenge in realizing electronics based on strongly correlated electronic states, or 'Mottronics', lies in finding an energy efficient way to switch between the distinct collective phases with a control voltage in a reversible and reproducible manner. In this work, we demonstrate that a voltage-impulse-induced ferroelastic domain switching in the (011)-oriented 0.71Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.29PbTiO3 (PMN-PT) substrates allows a robust <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> tuning of the metal-insulator transition in the VOx films deposited onto them. In such a VOx/PMN-PT heterostructure, the unique two-step electric polarization switching covers up to 90% of the entire poled area and contributes to a homogeneous in-plane anisotropic biaxial strain, which, in turn, enables the lattice changes and results in the suppression of metal-insulator transition in the mechanically coupled VOx films by 6 K with a resistance change up to 40% over a broad range of temperature. These findings provide a framework for realizing in situ and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> tuning of strain-sensitive order parameters in strongly correlated materials, and demonstrate great potentials in delivering reconfigurable, compactable, and energy-efficient electronic devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3072096','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3072096"><span>A fast and low-power microelectromechanical system-based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lee, Sang Wook; Park, Seung Joo; Campbell, Eleanor E. B.; Park, Yung Woo</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Several new generation memory devices have been developed to overcome the low performance of conventional silicon-based flash memory. In this study, we demonstrate a novel <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory design based on the electromechanical motion of a cantilever to provide fast charging and discharging of a floating-gate electrode. The operation is demonstrated by using an electromechanical metal cantilever to charge a floating gate that controls the charge transport through a carbon nanotube field-effect transistor. The set and reset currents are unchanged after more than 11 h constant operation. Over 500 repeated programming and erasing cycles were demonstrated under atmospheric conditions at room temperature without degradation. Multinary bit programming can be achieved by varying the voltage on the cantilever. The operation speed of the device is faster than a conventional flash memory and the power consumption is lower than other memory devices. PMID:21364559</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170004974','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20170004974"><span>Endogenous Lunar <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>McCubbin, F. M.; Liu, Y.; Barnes, J. J.; Boyce, J. W.; Day, J. M. D.; Elardo, S. M.; Hui, H.; Magna, T.; Ni, P.; Tartese, R.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20170004974'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170004974_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170004974_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170004974_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170004974_hide"></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The chapter will begin with an introduction that defines magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (e.g., H, F, Cl, S) versus geochemical <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (e.g., K, Rb, Zn). We will discuss our approach of understanding both types of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in lunar samples and lay the ground work for how we will determine the overall <span class="hlt">volatile</span> budget of the Moon. We will then discuss the importance of endogenous <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in shaping the "Newer Views of the Moon", specifically how endogenous <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> feed forward into processes such as the origin of the Moon, magmatic differentiation, volcanism, and secondary processes during surface and crustal interactions. After the introduction, we will include a re-view/synthesis on the current state of 1) apatite compositions (<span class="hlt">volatile</span> abundances and isotopic compositions); 2) nominally anhydrous mineral phases (moderately to highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span>); 3) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (moderately to highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span>) abundances in and isotopic compositions of lunar pyroclastic glass beads; 4) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (moderately to highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span>) abundances in and isotopic compositions of lunar basalts; 5) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (moderately to highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span>) abundances in and isotopic compositions of melt inclusions; and finally 6) experimental constraints on mineral-melt partitioning of moderately to highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements under lunar conditions. We anticipate that each section will summarize results since 2007 and focus on new results published since the 2015 Am Min review paper on lunar <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> [9]. The next section will discuss how to use sample abundances of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> to understand the source region and potential caveats in estimating source abundances of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. The following section will include our best estimates of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> abundances and isotopic compositions (where permitted by available data) for each <span class="hlt">volatile</span> element of interest in a number of important lunar reservoirs, including the crust, mantle, KREEP, and bulk Moon. The final section of the chapter will focus upon future work, outstanding questions</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PThPS.194...43T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PThPS.194...43T"><span>Analysis of Realized <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> in Two Trading Sessionsof the Japanese Stock Market</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takaishi, T.; Chen, T. T.; Zheng, Z.</p> <p></p> <p>We analyze realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> constructedusing high-frequency stock data on the Tokyo Stock Exchange. In order to avoid <span class="hlt">non</span>-trading hours issue in <span class="hlt">volatility</span> calculations we define two realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> calculated separately in the two trading sessions of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, i.e. morning and afternoon sessions. After calculating the realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> at various sampling frequencies we evaluate the bias from the microstructure noise as a function of sampling frequency. Taking account of the bias to realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> we examine returns standardized by realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> and confirm that price returns on the Tokyo Stock Exchange are described approximately by Gaussian time series with time-varying <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, i.e. consistent with a mixture of distributions hypothesis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4343446','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/4343446"><span>PROCESS FOR TREATING <span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> METAL FLUORIDES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Rudge, A.J.; Lowe, A.J.</p> <p>1957-10-01</p> <p>This patent relates to the purification of uranium hexafluoride, made by reacting the metal or its tetrafluoride with fluorine, from the frequently contained traces of hydrofluoric acid. According to the present process, UF/sub 6/ containing as an impurity a small amount of hydrofluoric acid, is treated to remove such impurity by contact with an anhydrous alkali metal fluoride such as sodium fluoride. In this way a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> complex containing hydrofluoric acid and the alkali metal fluoride is formed, and the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> UF /sub 6/ may then be removed by distillation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25000113','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25000113"><span>The safety of <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices in four hospitals of Tehran.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Farshad, Aliasghar; Gholami, Hamid; Farzadkia, Mahdi; Mirkazemi, Roksana; Kermani, Majid</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The safe management of hospital waste is a challenge in many developing countries. The aim of this study was to compare <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) emissions and the microbial disinfectant safety in <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices. VOC emissions and microbial infections were measured in four <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices including: autoclave with and without a shredder, dry heat system, and hydroclave. Using NIOSH and US EPA-TO14 guidelines, the concentration and potential risk of VOCs in emitted gases from four devices were assessed. ProSpore2 biological indicators were used to assess the microbial analysis of waste <span class="hlt">residue</span>. There was a significant difference in the type and concentration of VOCs and microbial infection of <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the four devices. Emissions from the autoclave with a shredder had the highest concentration of benzene, ethyl benzene, xylene, and BTEX, and emissions from the hydroclave had the highest concentration of toluene. The highest level of microbial infection was observed in the <span class="hlt">residues</span> of the autoclave without a shredder. There is an increased need for proper regulation and control of <span class="hlt">non</span>-incinerator devices and for monitoring and proper handling of these devices in developing countries.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28873683','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28873683"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> metabolite profiling reveals the changes in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds of new spontaneously generated loquat cultivars.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Besada, C; Sanchez, G; Gil, R; Granell, A; Salvador, A</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>In recent years, the advantageous traits of three new loquat cultivars have drawn the attention of breeders and growers. All three have spontaneously arisen from the 'Algerie' cultivar: the new 'Xirlero' cultivar is a bud mutant of 'Algerie', while 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl' arose as chance seedlings. Following a <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted approach based on HS-SPME-GC-MS, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds profile of the fruits from the new cultivars were obtained and compared to the original 'Algerie' cultivar. Carboxylic acids clearly dominated the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of all the loquat cultivars, but esters, aldehydes, ketones and alcohols were also predominant compounds. Interestingly when the bud mutant event did not lead to marked changes in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds complement, pronounced changes in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> composition of chance seedling-generated cultivars 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl' were observed. 'Amadeo' fruits showed lower levels of 2-methyl butanoic acid and much higher levels of methylhexanoate, methylbutanoate and 2-hydroxy-5-methylacetophenone. The 'Raúl' cultivar also had a distinctive <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile characterised by high levels of C6-aldehydes, (E)-2-hexanal, 2-hexenal, (Z)-3-hexenal and hexanal, and several carotenoid-derived <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>; e.g. 2-pentene-1,4-dione 1-(1,2,2-trimethylcyclopentyl), (S)-dihydroactinidiolide, isodurene, cis-geranyl acetone, β-damascenone, β-ionone, α-ionone and 3,4-dehydro-β-ionone. These changes in <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were associated with a more intense flavour in cultivars 'Amadeo' and 'Raúl', according to the sensory evaluation of the flavour intensity carried out by a semi-trained panel. A metabolomic correlation network analysis provided insights as to how <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were regulated, and revealed that the compounds modified in 'Amadeo' were uncoupled from the rest of the volatilome, while the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> modified in 'Raul' changed according to specific groups. To conclude, this work provides a holistic view of how the loquat volatilome was affected, and this</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043176','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27043176"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-microbial sources of microbial <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Choi, Hyunok; Schmidbauer, Norbert; Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The question regarding the true sources of the purported microbial <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (MVOCs) remains unanswered. To identify microbial, as well as <span class="hlt">non</span>-microbial sources of 28 compounds, which are commonly accepted as microbial VOCs (i.e. primary outcome of interest is Σ 28 VOCs). In a cross-sectional investigation of 390 homes, six building inspectors assessed water/mold damage, took air and dust samples, and measured environmental conditions (i.e., absolute humidity (AH, g/m(3)), temperature (°C), ventilation rate (ACH)). The air sample was analyzed for <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (μg/m(3)) and; dust samples were analyzed for total viable fungal concentration (CFU/g) and six phthalates (mg/g dust). Four benchmark variables of the underlying sources were defined as highest quartile categories of: 1) the total concentration of 17 propylene glycol and propylene glycol ethers (Σ17 PGEs) in the air sample; 2) 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,3-pentanediol monoisobutyrate (TMPD-MIB) in the air sample; 3) semi-quantitative mold index; and 4) total fungal load (CFU/g). Within severely damp homes, co-occurrence of the highest quartile concentration of either Σ17 PGEs or TMPD-MIB were respectively associated with a significantly higher median concentration of Σ 28 VOCs (8.05 and 13.38μg/m(3), respectively) compared to the reference homes (4.30 and 4.86μg/m(3), respectively, both Ps ≤0.002). Furthermore, the homes within the highest quartile range for Σ fungal load as well as AH were associated with a significantly increased median Σ 28 VOCs compared to the reference group (8.74 vs. 4.32μg/m(3), P=0.001). Within the final model of multiple indoor sources on Σ 28 VOCs, one natural log-unit increase in summed concentration of Σ17 PGEs, plus TMPD-MIB (Σ 17 PGEs + TMPD-MIB) was associated with 1.8-times (95% CI, 1.3-2.5), greater likelihood of having a highest quartile of Σ 28 VOCs, after adjusting for absolute humidity, history of repainting at least one room</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MolPh.116..686N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MolPh.116..686N"><span>Computational studies on <span class="hlt">non</span>-succinimide-mediated stereoinversion mechanism of aspartic acid <span class="hlt">residues</span> assisted by phosphate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nakayoshi, Tomoki; Fukuyoshi, Shuichi; Takahashi, Ohgi; Oda, Akifumi</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Although nearly all of the amino acids that constitute proteins are l-amino acids, d-amino acid <span class="hlt">residues</span> in human proteins have been recently reported. d-amino acid <span class="hlt">residues</span> cause a change in the three-dimensional structure of proteins, and d-aspartic acid (Asp) <span class="hlt">residues</span> are considered to be one of the causes of age-related diseases. The stereoinversion of Asp <span class="hlt">residues</span> in peptides and proteins is thought to proceed via a succinimide intermediate; however, it has been reported that stereoinversion can occur even under conditions where a succinimide intermediate cannot be formed. In order to elucidate the <span class="hlt">non</span>-succinimide-mediated stereoinversion pathway, we investigated the stereoinversion of l-Asp to d-Asp catalysed by phosphate and estimated the activation barrier using B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. For the DFT calculations, a model compound in which the Asp <span class="hlt">residue</span> is capped with acetyl and methyl-amino groups on the N- and C-termini, respectively, was used. The calculated activation barrier was not excessively high for the stereoinversion to occur in vivo. Therefore, this stereoinversion mechanism may compete with the succinimide-mediated mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM...V41C12F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001AGUSM...V41C12F"><span>Sources of Magmatic <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> Discharging from Subduction Zone Volcanoes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fischer, T.</p> <p>2001-05-01</p> <p>Subduction zones are locations of extensive element transfer from the Earth's mantle to the atmosphere and hydrosphere. This element transfer is significant because it can, in some fashion, instigate melt production in the mantle wedge. Aqueous fluids are thought to be the major agent of element transfer during the subduction zone process. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> discharges from passively degassing subduction zone volcanoes should in principle, provide some information on the ultimate source of magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in terms of the mantle, the crust and the subducting slab. The overall flux of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from degassing volcanoes should be balanced by the amount of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> released from the mantle wedge, the slab and the crust. Kudryavy Volcano, Kurile Islands, has been passively degassing at 900C fumarole temperatures for at least 40 years. Extensive gas sampling at this basaltic andesite cone and application of CO2/3He, N2/3He systematics in combination with C and N- isotopes indicates that 80% of the CO2 and approximately 60% of the N 2 are contributed from a sedimentary source. The mantle wedge contribution for both <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> is, with 12% and 17% less significant. Direct <span class="hlt">volatile</span> flux measurements from the volcano using the COSPEC technique in combination with direct gas sampling allows for the calculation of the 3He flux from the volcano. Since 3He is mainly released from the astenospheric mantle, the amount of mantle supplying the 3He flux can be determined if initial He concentrations of the mantle melts are known. The <span class="hlt">non</span>-mantle flux of CO2 and N2 can be calculated in similar fashion. The amount of <span class="hlt">non</span>-mantle CO2 and N2 discharging from Kudryavy is balanced by the amount of CO2 and N2 subducted below Kudryavy assuming a zone of melting constrained by the average spacing of the volcanoes along the Kurile arc. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> budget for Kudryavy is balanced because the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> flux from the volcano is relatively small (75 t/day (416 Mmol/a) SO2, 360 Mmol/a of <span class="hlt">non</span>-mantle CO2 and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=325139','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=325139"><span>Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds in biochar and biochar-amended soil: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Residual</span> pollutants including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs), and carbon(aceous) nanoparticles are inevitably generated during the pyrolysis of waste biomass, and remain on the solid co-product called biochar. Such pollutants could have adverse effects on ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140648','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24140648"><span>A <span class="hlt">non</span>-catalytic histidine <span class="hlt">residue</span> influences the function of the metalloprotease of Listeria monocytogenes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Forster, Brian M; Bitar, Alan Pavinski; Marquis, Hélène</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Mpl, a thermolysin-like metalloprotease, and PC-PLC, a phospholipase C, are synthesized as proenzymes by the intracellular bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. During intracellular growth, L. monocytogenes is temporarily confined in a membrane-bound vacuole whose acidification leads to Mpl autolysis and Mpl-mediated cleavage of the PC-PLC N-terminal propeptide. Mpl maturation also leads to the secretion of both Mpl and PC-PLC across the bacterial cell wall. Previously, we identified negatively charged and uncharged amino acid <span class="hlt">residues</span> within the N terminus of the PC-PLC propeptide that influence the ability of Mpl to mediate the maturation of PC-PLC, suggesting that these <span class="hlt">residues</span> promote the interaction of the PC-PLC propeptide with Mpl. In the present study, we identified a <span class="hlt">non</span>-catalytic histidine <span class="hlt">residue</span> (H226) that influences Mpl secretion across the cell wall and its ability to process PC-PLC. Our results suggest that a positive charge at position 226 is required for Mpl functions other than autolysis. Based on the charge requirement at this position, we hypothesize that this <span class="hlt">residue</span> contributes to the interaction of Mpl with the PC-PLC propeptide.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950025384','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950025384"><span>Cleaning verification by air/water impingement</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jones, Lisa L.; Littlefield, Maria D.; Melton, Gregory S.; Caimi, Raoul E. B.; Thaxton, Eric A.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>This paper will discuss how the Kennedy Space Center intends to perform precision cleaning verification by Air/Water Impingement in lieu of chlorofluorocarbon-113 gravimetric nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span> analysis (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>). Test results will be given that demonstrate the effectiveness of the Air/Water system. A brief discussion of the Total Carbon method via the use of a high temperature combustion analyzer will also be given. The necessary equipment for impingement will be shown along with other possible applications of this technology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25772120','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25772120"><span>Use of a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> agent to stabilize severely incinerated dental remains.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Berketa, John; James, Helen; Langlois, Neil; Richards, Lindsay; Pigou, Paul</p> <p>2015-06-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to identify <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-free products that would be suitable for stabilizing incinerated dental remains at the scene of an incident, and that would not compromise any postmortem examination. The anterior mandibles of sheep were incinerated, sprayed unilaterally with stabilizing agents, vibrated for 30 s, and assessed. The effect of the stabilizing solutions on radiographic examination was also recorded. Tests for <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and the effect on human mandibles were also conducted. A flour/water mixture of one part flour to two parts water, and a paste mixture of one part Clag™ glue to one part water both produced significant stabilization results. The flour mixture left an opaque layer on the samples that it was applied to, which still allowed dental examination, but the glue paste mixture resulted in a clearer layer. Both solutions allowed radiographic examination and were free of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Diluted Clag™ paste, when sprayed on to incinerated remains, assists in their stabilization for transportation. When Clag™ paste is unavailable a mixture of two parts water to one part plain flour could be utilized for stabilization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236649-wintertime-aerosol-chemical-composition-volatility-spatial-variability-greater-london-area','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1236649-wintertime-aerosol-chemical-composition-volatility-spatial-variability-greater-london-area"><span>Wintertime aerosol chemical composition, <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, and spatial variability in the greater London area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Xu, L.; Williams, L. R.; Young, D. E.</p> <p></p> <p>The composition of PM 1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 µm) in the greater London area was characterized during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) project in winter 2012. Two high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-AMS) were deployed at a rural site (Detling, Kent) and an urban site (North Kensington, London). The simultaneous and high-temporal resolution measurements at the two sites provide a unique opportunity to investigate the spatial distribution of PM 1. We find that the organic aerosol (OA) concentration is comparable between the rural and urban sites, but the contribution from different sources is distinctly different between themore » two sites. The concentration of solid fuel OA at the urban site is about twice as high as at the rural site, due to elevated domestic heating in the urban area. While the concentrations of oxygenated OA (OOA) are well-correlated between the two sites, the OOA concentration at the rural site is almost twice that of the urban site. At the rural site, more than 70 % of the carbon in OOA is estimated to be <span class="hlt">non</span>-fossil, which suggests that OOA is likely related to aged biomass burning considering the small amount of biogenic SOA in winter. Thus, it is possible that the biomass burning OA contributes a larger fraction of ambient OA in wintertime than what previous field studies have suggested. A suite of instruments was deployed downstream of a thermal denuder (TD) to investigate the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of PM 1 species at the rural Detling site. After heating at 250 °C in the TD, 40 % of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> mass is OA, indicating the presence of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics in the aerosol. Although the OA associated with refractory black carbon (rBC; measured by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer) only accounts for < 10 % of the total OA (measured by a HR-ToF-AMS) at 250 °C, the two measurements are well-correlated, suggesting that the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics have similar sources or have</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1236649-wintertime-aerosol-chemical-composition-volatility-spatial-variability-greater-london-area','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1236649-wintertime-aerosol-chemical-composition-volatility-spatial-variability-greater-london-area"><span>Wintertime aerosol chemical composition, <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, and spatial variability in the greater London area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Xu, L.; Williams, L. R.; Young, D. E.; ...</p> <p>2016-02-02</p> <p>The composition of PM 1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 µm) in the greater London area was characterized during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) project in winter 2012. Two high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-AMS) were deployed at a rural site (Detling, Kent) and an urban site (North Kensington, London). The simultaneous and high-temporal resolution measurements at the two sites provide a unique opportunity to investigate the spatial distribution of PM 1. We find that the organic aerosol (OA) concentration is comparable between the rural and urban sites, but the contribution from different sources is distinctly different between themore » two sites. The concentration of solid fuel OA at the urban site is about twice as high as at the rural site, due to elevated domestic heating in the urban area. While the concentrations of oxygenated OA (OOA) are well-correlated between the two sites, the OOA concentration at the rural site is almost twice that of the urban site. At the rural site, more than 70 % of the carbon in OOA is estimated to be <span class="hlt">non</span>-fossil, which suggests that OOA is likely related to aged biomass burning considering the small amount of biogenic SOA in winter. Thus, it is possible that the biomass burning OA contributes a larger fraction of ambient OA in wintertime than what previous field studies have suggested. A suite of instruments was deployed downstream of a thermal denuder (TD) to investigate the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of PM 1 species at the rural Detling site. After heating at 250 °C in the TD, 40 % of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> mass is OA, indicating the presence of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics in the aerosol. Although the OA associated with refractory black carbon (rBC; measured by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer) only accounts for < 10 % of the total OA (measured by a HR-ToF-AMS) at 250 °C, the two measurements are well-correlated, suggesting that the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics have similar sources or have</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.1139X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.1139X"><span>Wintertime aerosol chemical composition, <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, and spatial variability in the greater London area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xu, L.; Williams, L. R.; Young, D. E.; Allan, J. D.; Coe, H.; Massoli, P.; Fortner, E.; Chhabra, P.; Herndon, S.; Brooks, W. A.; Jayne, J. T.; Worsnop, D. R.; Aiken, A. C.; Liu, S.; Gorkowski, K.; Dubey, M. K.; Fleming, Z. L.; Visser, S.; Prévôt, A. S. H.; Ng, N. L.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The composition of PM1 (particulate matter with diameter less than 1 µm) in the greater London area was characterized during the Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) project in winter 2012. Two high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometers (HR-ToF-AMS) were deployed at a rural site (Detling, Kent) and an urban site (North Kensington, London). The simultaneous and high-temporal resolution measurements at the two sites provide a unique opportunity to investigate the spatial distribution of PM1. We find that the organic aerosol (OA) concentration is comparable between the rural and urban sites, but the contribution from different sources is distinctly different between the two sites. The concentration of solid fuel OA at the urban site is about twice as high as at the rural site, due to elevated domestic heating in the urban area. While the concentrations of oxygenated OA (OOA) are well-correlated between the two sites, the OOA concentration at the rural site is almost twice that of the urban site. At the rural site, more than 70 % of the carbon in OOA is estimated to be <span class="hlt">non</span>-fossil, which suggests that OOA is likely related to aged biomass burning considering the small amount of biogenic SOA in winter. Thus, it is possible that the biomass burning OA contributes a larger fraction of ambient OA in wintertime than what previous field studies have suggested. A suite of instruments was deployed downstream of a thermal denuder (TD) to investigate the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of PM1 species at the rural Detling site. After heating at 250 °C in the TD, 40 % of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> mass is OA, indicating the presence of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics in the aerosol. Although the OA associated with refractory black carbon (rBC; measured by a soot-particle aerosol mass spectrometer) only accounts for < 10 % of the total OA (measured by a HR-ToF-AMS) at 250 °C, the two measurements are well-correlated, suggesting that the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organics have similar sources or have undergone similar chemical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830592','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830592"><span>Evaluation of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolites in beer stored at high temperature and utility as an accelerated method to predict flavour stability.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Heuberger, Adam L; Broeckling, Corey D; Sedin, Dana; Holbrook, Christian; Barr, Lindsay; Kirkpatrick, Kaylyn; Prenni, Jessica E</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Flavour stability is vital to the brewing industry as beer is often stored for an extended time under variable conditions. Developing an accelerated model to evaluate brewing techniques that affect flavour stability is an important area of research. Here, we performed metabolomics on <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds in beer stored at 37 °C between 1 and 14 days for two beer types: an amber ale and an India pale ale. The experiment determined high temperature to influence <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> metabolites, including the purine 5-methylthioadenosine (5-MTA). In a second experiment, three brewing techniques were evaluated for improved flavour stability: use of antioxidant crowns, chelation of pro-oxidants, and varying plant content in hops. Sensory analysis determined the hop method was associated with improved flavour stability, and this was consistent with reduced 5-MTA at both regular and high temperature storage. Future studies are warranted to understand the influence of 5-MTA on flavour and aging within different beer types. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4914961','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4914961"><span>Metal organic frameworks as sorption media for <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds at ambient conditions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vellingiri, Kowsalya; Szulejko, Jan E.; Kumar, Pawan; Kwon, Eilhann E.; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Deep, Akash; Boukhvalov, Danil W.; Brown, Richard J. C.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>In this research, we investigated the sorptive behavior of a mixture of 14 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (four aromatic hydrocarbons (benzene, toluene, p-xylene, and styrene), six C2-C5 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs), two phenols, and two indoles) against three metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), i.e., MOF-5, Eu-MOF, and MOF-199 at 5 to 10 mPa VOC partial pressures (25 °C). The selected MOFs exhibited the strongest affinity for semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> (polar) VOC molecules (skatole), whereas the weakest affinity toward was <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (<span class="hlt">non</span>-polar) VOC molecules (i.e., benzene). Our experimental results were also supported through simulation analysis in which polar molecules were bound most strongly to MOF-199, reflecting the presence of strong interactions of Cu2+ with polar VOCs. In addition, the performance of selected MOFs was compared to three well-known commercial sorbents (Tenax TA, Carbopack X, and Carboxen 1000) under the same conditions. The estimated equilibrium adsorption capacity (mg.g−1) for the all target VOCs was in the order of; MOF-199 (71.7) >Carboxen-1000 (68.4) >Eu-MOF (27.9) >Carbopack X (24.3) >MOF-5 (12.7) >Tenax TA (10.6). Hopefully, outcome of this study are expected to open a new corridor to expand the practical application of MOFs for the treatment diverse VOC mixtures. PMID:27324522</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3982060','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3982060"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> hydrocarbons inhibit methanogenic crude oil degradation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Sherry, Angela; Grant, Russell J.; Aitken, Carolyn M.; Jones, D. Martin; Head, Ian M.; Gray, Neil D.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Methanogenic degradation of crude oil in subsurface sediments occurs slowly, but without the need for exogenous electron acceptors, is sustained for long periods and has enormous economic and environmental consequences. Here we show that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> hydrocarbons are inhibitory to methanogenic oil biodegradation by comparing degradation of an artificially weathered crude oil with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> hydrocarbons removed, with the same oil that was not weathered. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> hydrocarbons (nC5–nC10, methylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, and xylenes) were quantified in the headspace of microcosms. Aliphatic (n-alkanes nC12–nC34) and aromatic hydrocarbons (4-methylbiphenyl, 3-methylbiphenyl, 2-methylnaphthalene, 1-methylnaphthalene) were quantified in the total hydrocarbon fraction extracted from the microcosms. 16S rRNA genes from key microorganisms known to play an important role in methanogenic alkane degradation (Smithella and Methanomicrobiales) were quantified by quantitative PCR. Methane production from degradation of weathered oil in microcosms was rapid (1.1 ± 0.1 μmol CH4/g sediment/day) with stoichiometric yields consistent with degradation of heavier n-alkanes (nC12–nC34). For <span class="hlt">non</span>-weathered oil, degradation rates in microcosms were significantly lower (0.4 ± 0.3 μmol CH4/g sediment/day). This indicated that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> hydrocarbons present in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-weathered oil inhibit, but do not completely halt, methanogenic alkane biodegradation. These findings are significant with respect to rates of biodegradation of crude oils with abundant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> hydrocarbons in anoxic, sulphate-depleted subsurface environments, such as contaminated marine sediments which have been entrained below the sulfate-reduction zone, as well as crude oil biodegradation in petroleum reservoirs and contaminated aquifers. PMID:24765087</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhD...49S5001Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhD...49S5001Z"><span>Piezostrain tuning <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> 90° magnetic easy axis rotation in Co2FeAl Heusler alloy film grown on Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 heterostructures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhou, Cai; Wang, Fenglong; Dunzhu, Gesang; Yao, Jinli; Jiang, Changjun</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> electric field-based control of magnetic anisotropy in Co2FeAl/ Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3 (CFA/PMN-PT) heterostructures is investigated at room temperature. The remnant magnetization response under different electric fields shows a asymmetric butterfly-like behavior; specifically, this behavior is consistent with the asymmetric butterfly-like piezostrain versus applied electric field curve. Thus electric field-induced <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> 90° magnetic easy axis rotation can be attributed to the piezostrain effect. Further, the result measured by rotating-angle ferromagnetic resonance demonstrates piezostrain-mediated <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> 90° magnetic easy axis rotation at the initial state and the two remnant polarization states after application of the poling fields of 10 and  -10 kV cm-1 turned off. The angular dependence of magnetic damping also indicates a 90° phase shift at the above mentioned three different states. Additionally, the piezostrain-mediated <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> stable magnetization reversal in the two directions of easy and hard magnetization axes are observed under positive and negative pulsed electric fields, which can be used to improve the performance of low-loss multiple-state memory devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........14P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........14P"><span>Essays on oil price <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and irreversible investment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pastor, Daniel J.</p> <p></p> <p>In chapter 1, we provide an extensive and systematic evaluation of the relative forecasting performance of several models for the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of daily spot crude oil prices. Empirical research over the past decades has uncovered significant gains in forecasting performance of Markov Switching GARCH models over GARCH models for the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of financial assets and crude oil futures. We find that, for spot oil price returns, <span class="hlt">non</span>-switching models perform better in the short run, whereas switching models tend to do better at longer horizons. In chapter 2, I investigate the impact of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on firms' irreversible investment decisions using real options theory. Cost incurred in oil drilling is considered sunk cost, thus irreversible. I collect detailed data on onshore, development oil well drilling on the North Slope of Alaska from 2003 to 2014. <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> is modeled by constructing GARCH, EGARCH, and GJR-GARCH forecasts based on monthly real oil prices, and realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> from 5-minute intraday returns of oil futures prices. Using a duration model, I show that oil price <span class="hlt">volatility</span> generally has a negative relationship with the hazard rate of drilling an oil well both when aggregating all the fields, and in individual fields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SeScT..33a3002N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SeScT..33a3002N"><span>Phase-change materials for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices: from technological challenges to materials science issues</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Noé, Pierre; Vallée, Christophe; Hippert, Françoise; Fillot, Frédéric; Raty, Jean-Yves</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs), such as Ge-Sb-Te alloys, have shown outstanding properties, which has led to their successful use for a long time in optical memories (DVDs) and, recently, in <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> resistive memories. The latter, known as PCM memories or phase-change random access memories (PCRAMs), are the most promising candidates among emerging <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) technologies to replace the current FLASH memories at CMOS technology nodes under 28 nm. Chalcogenide PCMs exhibit fast and reversible phase transformations between crystalline and amorphous states with very different transport and optical properties leading to a unique set of features for PCRAMs, such as fast programming, good cyclability, high scalability, multi-level storage capability, and good data retention. Nevertheless, PCM memory technology has to overcome several challenges to definitively invade the NVM market. In this review paper, we examine the main technological challenges that PCM memory technology must face and we illustrate how new memory architecture, innovative deposition methods, and PCM composition optimization can contribute to further improvements of this technology. In particular, we examine how to lower the programming currents and increase data retention. Scaling down PCM memories for large-scale integration means the incorporation of the PCM into more and more confined structures and raises materials science issues in order to understand interface and size effects on crystallization. Other materials science issues are related to the stability and ageing of the amorphous state of PCMs. The stability of the amorphous phase, which determines data retention in memory devices, can be increased by doping the PCM. Ageing of the amorphous phase leads to a large increase of the resistivity with time (resistance drift), which has up to now hindered the development of ultra-high multi-level storage devices. A review of the current understanding of all these</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433980','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25433980"><span>Low-concentration tailing and subsequent quicklime-enhanced remediation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chlorinated hydrocarbon-contaminated soils by mechanical soil aeration.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ma, Yan; Du, Xiaoming; Shi, Yi; Xu, Zhu; Fang, Jidun; Li, Zheng; Li, Fasheng</p> <p>2015-02-01</p> <p>Mechanical soil aeration has long been regarded as an effective ex-situ remediation technique and as suitable for remediation of large-scale sites contaminated by <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) at low cost. However, it has been reported that the removal efficiency of VOCs from soil is relatively low in the late stages of remediation, in association with tailing. Tailing may extend the remediation time required; moreover, it typically results in the presence of contaminants <span class="hlt">residues</span> at levels far exceeding regulations. In this context, the present study aimed to discuss the tailing that occurs during the process of remediation of soils contaminated artificially with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs) and to assess possible quicklime-enhanced removal mechanisms. The results revealed the following conclusions. First, temperature and aeration rate can be important controls on both the timing of appearance of tailing and the levels of <span class="hlt">residual</span> contaminants. Furthermore, the addition of quicklime to soil during tailing can reduce the <span class="hlt">residual</span> concentrations rapidly to below the remedial target values required for site remediation. Finally, mechanical soil aeration can be enhanced using quicklime, which can improve the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of VCHs via increasing soil temperature, reducing soil moisture, and enhancing soil permeability. Our findings give a basic understanding to the elimination of the tailing in the application of mechanical soil aeration, particularly for VOCs-contaminated soils. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22597707-origin-resistive-switching-volatility-ni-tio-sub-ni-stacks','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22597707-origin-resistive-switching-volatility-ni-tio-sub-ni-stacks"><span>On the origin of resistive switching <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in Ni/TiO{sub 2}/Ni stacks</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cortese, Simone, E-mail: simone.cortese@soton.ac.uk; Trapatseli, Maria; Khiat, Ali</p> <p>2016-08-14</p> <p>Resistive switching and resistive random access memories have attracted huge interest for next generation nonvolatile memory applications, also thought to be able to overcome flash memories limitations when arranged in crossbar arrays. A cornerstone of their potential success is that the toggling between two distinct resistance states, usually a High Resistive State (HRS) and a Low Resistive State (LRS), is an intrinsic <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> phenomenon with the two states being thermodynamically stable. TiO{sub 2} is one of the most common materials known to support <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> RS. In this paper, we report a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> resistive switching in a titanium dioxide thin filmmore » sandwiched by two nickel electrodes. The aim of this work is to understand the underlying physical mechanism that triggers the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> effect, which is ascribed to the presence of a NiO layer at the bottom interface. The NiO layer alters the equilibrium between electric field driven filament formation and thermal enhanced ion diffusion, resulting in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> behaviour. Although the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is not ideal for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory applications, it shows merit for access devices in crossbar arrays due to its high LRS/HRS ratio, which are also briefly discussed.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216135','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28216135"><span>Fate of phenanthrene and mineralization of its <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable <span class="hlt">residues</span> in an oxic soil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Yongfeng; Xu, Jun; Shan, Jun; Ma, Yini; Ji, Rong</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>The fate of organic pollutants in the environment, especially the formation and stability of <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable (i.e., bound) <span class="hlt">residues</span> (NERs) determines their environmental risk. Using 14 C-tracers, we studied the fate of the carcinogen phenanthrene in active or sterilized oxic loamy soil in the absence and presence of the geophagous earthworm Metaphire guillelmi and characterized the NERs derived from phenanthrene. After incubation of 14 C-phenanthrene in active soil for 28 days, 40 ± 3.1% of the initial amount was mineralized and 70.1 ± 1.9% was converted to NERs. Most of the NERs (>92%) were bound to soil humin. Silylation of the humin-bound <span class="hlt">residues</span> released 45.3 ± 5.3% of these <span class="hlt">residues</span>, which indicated that they were physically entrapped, whereas the remainder of the <span class="hlt">residues</span> were chemically bound or biogenic. By contrast, in sterilized soil, only 43.4 ± 12.6% of the phenanthrene was converted to NERs and all of these <span class="hlt">residues</span> were completely released upon silylation, which underlines the essential role of microbial activity in NER formation. The presence of M. guillelmi in active soil significantly inhibited phenanthrene mineralization (24.4 ± 2.6% mineralized), but NER formation was not significantly affected. Only a small amount of phenanthrene-derived <span class="hlt">residues</span> (1.9-5.3% of the initial amount) accumulated in the earthworm body. When humin-bound <span class="hlt">residues</span> were mixed with fresh soil, 33.9% (humin recovered from active soils) and 12.4% (humin recovered from sterilized soils) of the <span class="hlt">residues</span> were mineralized after 75 days of incubation, respectively, which indicated a high bioavailability of NERs, albeit lower than the initial addition of phenanthrene. Our results indicated that many phenanthrene-derived NERs, especially those physically entrapped, are still bioavailable and may pose a toxic threat to soil organisms. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24043430','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24043430"><span>Identification and field evaluation of <span class="hlt">non</span>-host <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> disturbing host location by the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhang, Zheng-qun; Sun, Xiao-ling; Xin, Zhao-jun; Luo, Zong-xiu; Gao, Yu; Bian, Lei; Chen, Zong-mao</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> organic compounds derived from <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants, Ocimum basilicum, Rosmarinus officinalis, Corymbia citriodora, and Ruta graveolens, can be used to mask host plant odors, and are repellent to the tea geometrid, Ectropis obliqua. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds were collected by headspace absorption, and the components were identified and quantified by using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The responses of antennae of female E. obliqua to the compounds were evaluated with gas chromatography/electroantennography detection. Qualitative and quantitative differences were found among the four odor profiles. Consistent electroantennographic activity was obtained for eight of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from the four plants: β-myrcene, α-terpinene, γ-terpinene, linalool, cis-verbenol, camphor, α-terpineol, and verbenone. In a Y-tube bioassay, six chemicals, β-myrcene, γ-terpinene, (R)-(-)-linalool, (S)-(-)-cis-verbenol, (R)-(+)-camphor, and (S)-(-)-verbenone, were the main compounds responsible for repelling E. obliqua. An eight-component mixture including all of the bioactive compounds (in a ratio of 13:2:13:8:1:24:6:17) from R. officinalis was significantly more effective at repelling the moths than any single compound or a mixture of equal amounts of the eight compounds. Field results demonstrated that intercropping tea plants with R. officinalis effectively suppressed E. obliqua infestations in a tea plantation. Our findings suggests that odor blends of R. officinalis play a role in disturbing host orientation behavior, and in repelling E. obliqua adults, and that R. officinalis should be considered when developing "push-pull" strategies aimed at optimizing the control of E. obliqua with semiochemicals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344074','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344074"><span>Relationship between the evaporation rate and vapor pressure of moderately and highly <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van Wesenbeeck, Ian; Driver, Jeffrey; Ross, John</p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> of chemicals can be an important form of dissipation in the environment. Rates of evaporative losses from plant and soil surfaces are useful for estimating the potential for food-related dietary <span class="hlt">residues</span> and operator and bystander exposure, and can be used as source functions for screening models that predict off-site movement of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> materials. A regression of evaporation on vapor pressure from three datasets containing 82 pesticidal active ingredients and co-formulants, ranging in vapor pressure from 0.0001 to >30,000 Pa was developed for this purpose with a regression correlation coefficient of 0.98.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1203892-global-transformation-fate-soa-implications-low-volatility-soa-gas-phase-fragmentation-reactions','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1203892-global-transformation-fate-soa-implications-low-volatility-soa-gas-phase-fragmentation-reactions"><span>Global transformation and fate of SOA: Implications of Low <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> SOA and Gas-Phase Fragmentation Reactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Shrivastava, ManishKumar B.; Easter, Richard C.; Liu, Xiaohong</p> <p>2015-05-16</p> <p>Secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are large contributors to fine particle loadings and radiative forcing, but are often represented crudely in global models. We have implemented three new detailed SOA treatments within the Community Atmosphere Model version 5 (CAM5) that allow us to compare the semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> versus <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> SOA treatments (based on some of the latest experimental findings) and also investigate the effects of gas-phase fragmentation reactions. For semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> SOA treatments, fragmentation reactions decrease simulated SOA burden from 7.5 Tg to 1.8 Tg. For the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> SOA treatment with fragmentation, the burden is 3.1 Tg. Larger differences between <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> and semi-volatilemore » SOA (upto a factor of 5) correspond to continental outflow over the oceans. Compared to a global dataset of surface Aerosol Mass Spectrometer measurements and the US IMPROVE network measurements, the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> SOA with fragmentation treatment (FragNVSOA) agrees best at rural locations. Urban SOA is under-predicted but this may be due to the coarse model resolution. All our three revised treatments show much better agreement with aircraft measurements of organic aerosols (OA) over the N. American Arctic and sub-Arctic in spring and summer, compared to the standard CAM5 formulation. This is due to treating SOA precursor gases from biomass burning, and long-range transport of biomass burning OA at elevated levels. The revised model configuration that include fragmentation (both semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> SOA) show much better agreement with MODIS AOD data over regions dominated by biomass burning during the summer, and predict biomass burning as the largest global source of OA followed by biogenic and anthropogenic sources. The <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> configuration predict the direct radiative forcing of SOA as -0.5 W m-2 and -0.26 W m-2 respectively, at top of the atmosphere, which are higher than previously estimated by most models, but in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18249917','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18249917"><span>Forecasting <span class="hlt">volatility</span> with neural regression: a contribution to model adequacy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Refenes, A N; Holt, W T</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Neural nets' usefulness for forecasting is limited by problems of overfitting and the lack of rigorous procedures for model identification, selection and adequacy testing. This paper describes a methodology for neural model misspecification testing. We introduce a generalization of the Durbin-Watson statistic for neural regression and discuss the general issues of misspecification testing using <span class="hlt">residual</span> analysis. We derive a generalized influence matrix for neural estimators which enables us to evaluate the distribution of the statistic. We deploy Monte Carlo simulation to compare the power of the test for neural and linear regressors. While <span class="hlt">residual</span> testing is not a sufficient condition for model adequacy, it is nevertheless a necessary condition to demonstrate that the model is a good approximation to the data generating process, particularly as neural-network estimation procedures are susceptible to partial convergence. The work is also an important step toward developing rigorous procedures for neural model identification, selection and adequacy testing which have started to appear in the literature. We demonstrate its applicability in the nontrivial problem of forecasting implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> innovations using high-frequency stock index options. Each step of the model building process is validated using statistical tests to verify variable significance and model adequacy with the results confirming the presence of nonlinear relationships in implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> innovations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042148','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16042148"><span>A method for the solvent extraction of low-boiling-point plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Ning; Gruber, Margaret; Westcott, Neil; Soroka, Julie; Parkin, Isobel; Hegedus, Dwayne</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>A new method has been developed for the extraction of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from plant materials and tested on seedling tissue and mature leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana, pine needles and commercial mixtures of plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> were extracted with n-pentane and then subjected to quick distillation at a moderate temperature. Under these conditions, compounds such as pigments, waxes and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds remained undistilled, while short-chain <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds were distilled into a receiving flask using a high-efficiency condenser. Removal of the n-pentane and concentration of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in the receiving flask was carried out using a Vigreux column condenser prior to GC-MS. The method is ideal for the rapid extraction of low-boiling-point <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from small amounts of plant material, such as is required when conducting metabolic profiling or defining biological properties of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components from large numbers of mutant lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1052923-matrix-derivatization-dynamic-headspace-sampling-nonvolatile-surface-residues','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1052923-matrix-derivatization-dynamic-headspace-sampling-nonvolatile-surface-residues"><span>On-matrix Derivatization for Dynamic Headspace Sampling of Nonvolatile Surface <span class="hlt">Residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Harvey, Scott D.; Wahl, Jon H.</p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>The goal of this study is to extend sampling by the field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) purge-and-trap technique to applications that target nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residues</span>. On-matrix derivatization of <span class="hlt">residues</span> to render analytes stable and more <span class="hlt">volatile</span> is explored to achieve this goal. Results show that on-matrix derivatizations of nerve agent hydrolysis products (monoalkyl methylphosphonic acids and methylphosphonic acid [MPA]) with diazomethane were successful on glass and painted wallboard (at the 10-µg level). It also was successful on the more difficult concrete (at the 500-µg level) and carpet (at the 20-µg level) substrates that cannot be successfully sampled using swipe techniques.more » Analysis of additional chemical warfare (CW)-associated <span class="hlt">residues</span> can be approached by on-matrix derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). For example, amines (used as stabilizers or present as decomposition products of the nerve agent VX) or thiodiglycol (hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard) could be sampled as their TFAA derivatives from glass, painted wallboard, and concrete (at the 40-µg level), as well as carpet (at the 80-µg level) surfaces. Although the amine and thiodiglycol are semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and could be sampled directly, derivatization improves the recovery and chromatographic behavior of these analytes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22909892','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22909892"><span>On-matrix derivatization for dynamic headspace sampling of nonvolatile surface <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Harvey, Scott D; Wahl, Jon H</p> <p>2012-09-21</p> <p>The goal of this study is to extend sampling by the field and laboratory emission cell (FLEC) dynamic headspace technique to applications that target nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residues</span>. On-matrix derivatization of <span class="hlt">residues</span> to render analytes stable and more <span class="hlt">volatile</span> is explored to achieve this goal. Results show that on-matrix derivatizations of nerve agent hydrolysis products (monoalkyl methylphosphonic acids and methylphosphonic acid [MPA]) with diazomethane were successful on glass and painted wallboard (at the 10-μg level). It also was successful on the more difficult concrete (at the 500-μg level) and carpet (at the 20-μg level), substrates that cannot be successfully sampled using swipe techniques. Analysis of additional chemical warfare (CW)-associated <span class="hlt">residues</span> can be approached by on-matrix derivatization with trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA). For example, amines (used as stabilizers or present as decomposition products of the nerve agent VX) or thiodiglycol (hydrolysis product of sulfur mustard) could be sampled as their TFAA derivatives from glass, painted wallboard, and concrete (at the 40-μg level), as well as carpet (at the 80-μg level) surfaces. Although the amine and thiodiglycol are semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and could be sampled directly, derivatization improves the recovery and chromatographic behavior of these analytes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..462..186M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..462..186M"><span>Understanding the determinants of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> clustering in terms of stationary Markovian processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Miccichè, S.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> is a key variable in the modeling of financial markets. The most striking feature of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is that it is a long-range correlated stochastic variable, i.e. its autocorrelation function decays like a power-law τ-β for large time lags. In the present work we investigate the determinants of such feature, starting from the empirical observation that the exponent β of a certain stock's <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is a linear function of the average correlation of such stock's <span class="hlt">volatility</span> with all other <span class="hlt">volatilities</span>. We propose a simple approach consisting in diagonalizing the cross-correlation matrix of <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> and investigating whether or not the diagonalized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> still keep some of the original <span class="hlt">volatility</span> stylized facts. As a result, the diagonalized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> result to share with the original <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> either the power-law decay of the probability density function and the power-law decay of the autocorrelation function. This would indicate that <span class="hlt">volatility</span> clustering is already present in the diagonalized un-correlated <span class="hlt">volatilities</span>. We therefore present a parsimonious univariate model based on a <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear Langevin equation that well reproduces these two stylized facts of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The model helps us in understanding that the main source of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> clustering, once <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> have been diagonalized, is that the economic forces driving <span class="hlt">volatility</span> can be modeled in terms of a Smoluchowski potential with logarithmic tails.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056385','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29056385"><span>Research and application of <span class="hlt">non</span>-traditional chemical stabilizers on bauxite <span class="hlt">residue</span> (red sand) dust control, a review.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xu, Guang; Ding, Xuhan; Kuruppu, Mahinda; Zhou, Wei; Biswas, Wahidul</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Bauxite <span class="hlt">residue</span> is a by-product of aluminium processing. It is usually stored in large-scale <span class="hlt">residue</span> drying area (RDA). The bauxite <span class="hlt">residue</span> is highly alkaline and contains a large percentage of metal oxides which are hazardous to the environment and human health. Therefore, the generated dust is a major environmental concern that needs to be addressed and efficiently managed. One of the major dust generation sources is from the coarse fraction of the bauxite <span class="hlt">residue</span> named red sand. To minimize the environmental and health impacts, <span class="hlt">non</span>-traditional chemical stabilizers can be applied to construct a binding surface crust with certain hardness and strength. Dust emission is reduced due to the increased moisture retention capacity and strong cohesion between sand particles. There are limited number of refereed publications that discuss the application of this method to alleviate dust generation from red sand. By critically reviewing the literature and the application of <span class="hlt">non</span>-traditional chemical stabilizers to sand-like materials in other fields, this paper introduces some <span class="hlt">non</span>-traditional chemical stabilizers that can be potentially used for controlling red sand dust. Commonly used evaluation methods in various studies are compared and summarized; the stabilization mechanisms are examined; and the performance of three types of stabilizers are compared and evaluated. This review potentially serves as a reference and guide for further studies in red sand dust control. The findings are especially useful for developing suitable quantitative methods for evaluating the dust suppression efficiency of soil stabilizers, and for determining the appropriate additive quantities that achieve both economic and performance effectiveness. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861638','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21861638"><span>Association between <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds and periodontal disease progression in elderly <span class="hlt">non</span>-smokers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Makino, Yuka; Yamaga, Takayuki; Yoshihara, Akihiro; Nohno, Kaname; Miyazaki, Hideo</p> <p>2012-05-01</p> <p>Periodontal pathogenic microorganisms produce <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds (VSCs), such as hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide. VSCs are toxic to periodontal tissue. Therefore, there is a relationship between periodontitis and the VSC level of mouth air. However, the association between VSC and periodontal disease progression has not been investigated in a longitudinal study. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the association between VSCs in mouth air and periodontal disease progression among elderly dentulous <span class="hlt">non</span>-smokers. Two hundred forty-one dentulous <span class="hlt">non</span>-smokers (103 males and 138 females; all 70 years old) had their VSC levels examined with a portable sulfide monitor, and their periodontal status was assessed. Periodontal examinations were performed at baseline and once a year for 3 years to investigate the clinical attachment levels of all teeth. Participants were classified by membership in tertile groups (lowest, middle, and highest) according to the value of baseline VSC measurements. In negative binomial regression analysis, the number of teeth with periodontal disease progression for participants in the highest tertile of VSC measurement was greater (incidence rate ratio of 1.33, P = 0.011) than for the reference group (lowest tertile of VSC measurement) after simultaneously adjusting for sex, number of remaining teeth, and maximum clinical attachment level. VSC measurements were significantly associated with periodontal disease progression in a <span class="hlt">non</span>-smoking dentulous elderly population. This suggests that VSC measurements are useful for the diagnosis of periodontal disease progression.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64850&keyword=RSD&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=64850&keyword=RSD&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>ANALYSIS OF <span class="hlt">VOLATILES</span> AND SEMIVOLATILES BY DIRECT AQUEOUS INJECTION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Direct aqueous injection analysis (DAI) with gas chromatographic separation and ion trap mass spectral detection was used to analyze aqueous samples for g/L levels of 54 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semivolatile compounds, and problematic <span class="hlt">non</span>-purgeables and <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractables. The method reduces ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2266969','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2266969"><span>Prey and <span class="hlt">Non</span>-prey Arthropods Sharing a Host Plant: Effects on Induced <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Emission and Predator Attraction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hordijk, Cornelis A.; Posthumus, Maarten A.; Dicke, Marcel</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>It is well established that plants infested with a single herbivore species can attract specific natural enemies through the emission of herbivore-induced <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. However, it is less clear what happens when plants are simultaneously attacked by more than one species. We analyzed <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions of lima bean and cucumber plants upon multi-species herbivory by spider mites (Tetranychus urticae) and caterpillars (Spodoptera exigua) in comparison to single-species herbivory. Upon herbivory by single or multiple species, lima bean and cucumber plants emitted <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blends that comprised mostly the same compounds. To detect additive, synergistic, or antagonistic effects, we compared the multi-species herbivory <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blend with the sum of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blends induced by each of the herbivore species feeding alone. In lima bean, the majority of compounds were more strongly induced by multi-species herbivory than expected based on the sum of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions by each of the herbivores separately, potentially caused by synergistic effects. In contrast, in cucumber, two compounds were suppressed by multi-species herbivory, suggesting the potential for antagonistic effects. We also studied the behavioral responses of the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis, a specialized natural enemy of spider mites. Olfactometer experiments showed that P. persimilis preferred <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> induced by multi-species herbivory to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> induced by S. exigua alone or by prey mites alone. We conclude that both lima bean and cucumber plants effectively attract predatory mites upon multi-species herbivory, but the underlying mechanisms appear different between these species. PMID:18185960</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042544','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29042544"><span>Origami-based tunable truss structures for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> mechanical memory operation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yasuda, Hiromi; Tachi, Tomohiro; Lee, Mia; Yang, Jinkyu</p> <p>2017-10-17</p> <p>Origami has recently received significant interest from the scientific community as a method for designing building blocks to construct metamaterials. However, the primary focus has been placed on their kinematic applications by leveraging the compactness and auxeticity of planar origami platforms. Here, we present volumetric origami cells-specifically triangulated cylindrical origami (TCO)-with tunable stability and stiffness, and demonstrate their feasibility as <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> mechanical memory storage devices. We show that a pair of TCO cells can develop a double-well potential to store bit information. What makes this origami-based approach more appealing is the realization of two-bit mechanical memory, in which two pairs of TCO cells are interconnected and one pair acts as a control for the other pair. By assembling TCO-based truss structures, we experimentally verify the tunable nature of the TCO units and demonstrate the operation of purely mechanical one- and two-bit memory storage prototypes.Origami is a popular method to design building blocks for mechanical metamaterials. Here, the authors assemble a volumetric origami-based structure, predict its axial and rotational movements during folding, and demonstrate the operation of mechanical one- and two-bit memory storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26625631','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26625631"><span>[<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> FATTY ACIDS IN SALIVA--BIOLOGICAL MARKERS FOR ASSESSMENT OF DRINKING WATER POLLUTANTS ON CHILDREN].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Akaizina, A E; Akaizin, E S; Starodumov, V L</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The use of modern methods of analysis is aimed to the search of ultimately novel biological markers. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> fatty acids in saliva were not used previously for the assessment of the effects of contaminating substances in the drinking water on the body of children. The aim of the study is to investigate the informative value of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids in saliva as biological markers of the impact for the assessment of the exposure to contaminating substances in the drinking water on the body of children. Hygienic assessment of drinking water quality was made according to data of the own research of drinking water from centralized supply system of the city of Ivanovo. For the comparison of indices there was investigated the drinking water from wells at the village Podvyaznovsky of the Ivanovo region. In the Ivanovo water from the distributing network of centralized drinking water supply system of the city of Ivanovo, there were identified indices of the permanganate oxidation and the total concentration of <span class="hlt">residual</span> chlorine exceeding norms, and also chloroform and carbon tetrachloride were in concentrations not exceeding the norms. Studied by us the samples of drinking water from Podvyaznovsky village wells, the water met the standards for all investigated parameters. The was studied the informative value of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids in the saliva of children aged 9-14 years from the city of Ivanovo and the Podvyaznovsky village, Ivanovo region. There was established the fall in acetic, butyric, isovaleric acids and the total amount of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids in the saliva in children of the city of Ivanovo, consuming water treated with chlorine of Ivanovo centralized drinking water supply system. Indices of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids in saliva are informative for the assessment of the impact of organic pollutants, <span class="hlt">residual</span> chlorine and organic chlorine compounds of drinking water on the body of children.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5708639','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5708639"><span>Range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, expected stock returns, and the low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> anomaly</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>One of the foundations of financial economics is the idea that rational investors will discount stocks with more risk (<span class="hlt">volatility</span>), which will result in a positive relation between risk and future returns. However, the empirical evidence is mixed when determining how <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is related to future returns. In this paper, we examine this relation using a range-based measure of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, which is shown to be theoretically, numerically, and empirically superior to other measures of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In a variety of tests, we find that range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is negatively associated with expected stock returns. These results are robust to time-series multifactor models as well as cross-sectional tests. Our findings contribute to the debate about the direction of the relationship between risk and return and confirm the presence of the low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> anomaly, or the anomalous finding that low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> stocks outperform high <span class="hlt">volatility</span> stocks. In other tests, we find that the lower returns associated with range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span> are driven by stocks with lottery-like characteristics. PMID:29190652</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190652','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29190652"><span>Range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, expected stock returns, and the low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> anomaly.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blau, Benjamin M; Whitby, Ryan J</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>One of the foundations of financial economics is the idea that rational investors will discount stocks with more risk (<span class="hlt">volatility</span>), which will result in a positive relation between risk and future returns. However, the empirical evidence is mixed when determining how <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is related to future returns. In this paper, we examine this relation using a range-based measure of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, which is shown to be theoretically, numerically, and empirically superior to other measures of <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In a variety of tests, we find that range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is negatively associated with expected stock returns. These results are robust to time-series multifactor models as well as cross-sectional tests. Our findings contribute to the debate about the direction of the relationship between risk and return and confirm the presence of the low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> anomaly, or the anomalous finding that low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> stocks outperform high <span class="hlt">volatility</span> stocks. In other tests, we find that the lower returns associated with range-based <span class="hlt">volatility</span> are driven by stocks with lottery-like characteristics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3758608','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3758608"><span>Major Odorants Released as Urinary <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> by Urinary Incontinent Patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pandey, Sudhir Kumar; Kim, Ki-Hyun; Choi, Si On; Sa, In Young; Oh, Soo Yeon</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>In this study, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> urinary components were collected using three different types of samples from patients suffering from urinary incontinence (UI): (1) urine (A); (2) urine + <span class="hlt">non</span>-used pad (B); and (3) urine + used pad (C). In addition, urine + <span class="hlt">non</span>-used pad (D) samples from <span class="hlt">non</span>-patients were also collected as a reference. The collection of urinary <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> was conducted with the aid of a glass impinger-based mini-chamber method. Each of the four sample types (A through D) was placed in a glass impinger and incubated for 4 hours at 37 °C. Ultra pure air was then passed through the chamber, and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> urine gas components were collected into Tedlar bags at the other end. These bag samples were then analyzed for a wide range of VOCs and major offensive odorants (e.g., reduced sulfur compounds (RSCs), carbonyls, trimethylamine (TMA), ammonia, etc.). Among the various odorants, sulfur compounds (methanethiol and hydrogen sulfide) and aldehydes (acetaldehyde, butylaldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde) were detected above odor threshold and predicted to contribute most effectively to odor intensity of urine incontinence. PMID:23823973</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhyA..484...66I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhyA..484...66I"><span>Financial sector development, economic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and shocks in sub-Saharan Africa</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ibrahim, Muazu; Alagidede, Paul</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The role of financial sector development in economic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has been extensively studied albeit without informative results largely on the failure of extant studies to decompose <span class="hlt">volatility</span> into its various components. By disaggregating <span class="hlt">volatility</span> using the spectral approach, this study examines the effect of financial development on <span class="hlt">volatility</span> components as well as channels through which finance affects <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in 23 sub-Saharan African countries over the period 1980-2014. Our findings based on the newly developed panel cointegration estimation strategy reveal that while financial development affects business cycle <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in a <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear fashion, its effect on long run fluctuation is imaginary. More specifically, well developed financial sectors dampen <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Further findings show that while monetary shocks have large magnifying effect on <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, their effect in the short run is minuscule. The reverse, however, holds for real shocks. The channels of manifestation shows that financial development dampens (magnifies) the effect of real shocks (monetary shocks) on the components of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> with the dampening effects consistently larger only in the short run. Strengthening financial sector supervision and cross-border oversight may be very crucial in examining the right levels of finance and price stability necessary to falter economic fluctuations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11347414','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11347414"><span>Modeling the interactions between a prosthetic socket, polyurethane liners and the <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb in transtibial amputees using <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear finite element analysis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Simpson, G; Fisher, C; Wright, D K</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Continuing earlier studies into the relationship between the <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb, liner and socket in transtibial amputees, we describe a geometrically accurate <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear model simulating the donning of a liner and then a socket. The socket is rigid and rectified and the liner is a polyurethane geltype which is accurately described using <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear (Mooney-Rivlin) material properties. The soft tissue of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb is modelled as homogeneous, <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear and hyperelastic and the bone structure within the <span class="hlt">residual</span> limb is taken as rigid. The work gives an indication of how the stress induced by the process of donning the rigid socket is redistributed by the liner. Ultimately we hope to understand how the liner design might be modified to reduce discomfort. The ANSYS finite element code, version 5.6 is used.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4090881','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4090881"><span>The safety of <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices in four hospitals of Tehran</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Farshad, Aliasghar; Gholami, Hamid; Farzadkia, Mahdi; Mirkazemi, Roksana; Kermani, Majid</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Background: The safe management of hospital waste is a challenge in many developing countries. Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) emissions and the microbial disinfectant safety in <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices. Methods: VOC emissions and microbial infections were measured in four <span class="hlt">non</span>-incineration waste disposal devices including: autoclave with and without a shredder, dry heat system, and hydroclave. Using NIOSH and US EPA-TO14 guidelines, the concentration and potential risk of VOCs in emitted gases from four devices were assessed. ProSpore2 biological indicators were used to assess the microbial analysis of waste <span class="hlt">residue</span>. Results: There was a significant difference in the type and concentration of VOCs and microbial infection of <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the four devices. Emissions from the autoclave with a shredder had the highest concentration of benzene, ethyl benzene, xylene, and BTEX, and emissions from the hydroclave had the highest concentration of toluene. The highest level of microbial infection was observed in the <span class="hlt">residues</span> of the autoclave without a shredder. Conclusions: There is an increased need for proper regulation and control of <span class="hlt">non</span>-incinerator devices and for monitoring and proper handling of these devices in developing countries. PMID:25000113</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5800216','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5800216"><span><span class="hlt">Residual</span> Inequity: Assessing the Unintended Consequences of New York City’s Clean Heat Transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Carrión, Daniel; Lee, W. Victoria; Hernández, Diana</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Energy policies and public health are intimately intertwined. In New York City, a series of policies, known as the Clean Heat Program (CHP), were designed to reduce air pollution by banning <span class="hlt">residual</span> diesel fuel oils, #6 in 2015 and #4 by 2030. This measure is expected to yield environmental and public health benefits over time. While there is near-universal compliance with the #6 ban, a substantial number of buildings still use #4. In this paper, geographic analysis and qualitative interviews with stakeholders were used to interrogate the CHP’s policy implementation in Northern Manhattan and the Bronx. A total of 1724 (53%) of all residential <span class="hlt">residual</span> fuel burning buildings are located in this region. Stakeholders reflected mostly on the need for the program, and overall reactions to its execution. Major findings include that government partnerships with <span class="hlt">non</span>-governmental organizations were effectively employed. However, weaknesses with the policy were also identified, including missed opportunities for more rapid transitions away from <span class="hlt">residual</span> fuels, unsuccessful outreach efforts, cost-prohibitive conversion opportunities, and (the perception of) a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> energy market for clean fuels. Ultimately, this analysis serves as a case study of a unique and innovative urban policy initiative to improve air quality and, consequently, public health. PMID:29324717</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..343G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..343G"><span>The properties of realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and realized correlation: Evidence from the Indian stock market</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gkillas (Gillas), Konstantinos; Vortelinos, Dimitrios I.; Saha, Shrabani</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>This paper investigates the properties of realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and correlation series in the Indian stock market by employing daily data converting to monthly frequency of five different stock indices from January 2, 2006 to November 30, 2014. Using <span class="hlt">non</span>-parametric estimation technique the properties examined include normality, long-memory, asymmetries, jumps, and heterogeneity. The realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is a useful technique which provides a relatively accurate measure of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> based on the actual variance which is beneficial for asset management in particular for <span class="hlt">non</span>-speculative funds. The results show that realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and correlation series are not normally distributed, with some evidence of persistence. Asymmetries are also evident in both <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> and correlations. Both jumps and heterogeneity properties are significant; whereas, the former is more significant than the latter. The findings show that properties of <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> and correlations in Indian stock market have similarities as that show in the stock markets in developed countries such as the stock market in the United States which is more prevalent for speculative business traders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509077','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25509077"><span>[Effect of reduced N application on soil N <span class="hlt">residue</span> and N loss in maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Xiao-Ming; Yong, Tai-Wen; Liu, Wen-Yu; Su, Ben-Ying; Song, Chun; Yang, Feng; Wang, Xiao-Chun; Yang, Wen-Yu</p> <p>2014-08-01</p> <p>A field experiment was conducted in 2012, including three planting pattern (maize-soybean relay strip intercropping, mono-cultured maize and soybean) and three nitrogen application level [0 kg N x hm(-2), 180 kg N x hm(-2) (reduced N) and 240 kg N x hm(-2) (normal N)]. Fields were assigned to different treatments in a randomized block design with three replicates. The objective of this work was to analyze the effects of planting patterns and nitrogen application rates on plant N uptake, soil N <span class="hlt">residue</span> and N loss. After fertilization applications, NH4(+)-N and NO3(-)-N levels increased in the soil of intercropped maize but decreased in the soil of intercropped soybean. Compared with mono-crops, the soil N <span class="hlt">residue</span> and loss of intercropped soybean were reduced, while those of intercropped maize were increased and decreased, respectively. With the reduced rate of N application, N <span class="hlt">residue</span> rate, N loss rate and ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> loss rate of the maize-soybean intercropping relay strip system were decreased by 17.7%, 21.5% and 0.4% compared to mono-cultured maize, but increased by 2.0%, 19.8% and 0.1% compared to mono-cultured soybean, respectively. Likewise, the reduced N application resulted in reductions in N <span class="hlt">residue</span>, N loss, and the N loss via ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> in the maize-soybean relay strip intercropping system compared with the conventional rate of N application adopted by local farmers, and the N <span class="hlt">residue</span> rate, N loss rate and ammonia <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> loss rate reduced by 12.0%, 15.4% and 1.2%, respectively.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21383537"><span>[Study of amount of evaporation <span class="hlt">residue</span> in extracts from plastic kitchen utensils into four food-simulating solvents].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ohno, Hiroyuki; Suzuki, Masako; Kawamura, Yoko</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The amount of evaporation <span class="hlt">residue</span> was investigated as an index of total amount of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> substances that migrated from plastic kitchen utensils into four food-simulating solvents (water, 4% acetic acid, 20% ethanol and heptane). The samples were 71 products made of 12 types of plastics for food contact use. The amount was determined in accordance with the Japanese testing method. The quantitation limit was 5 µg/mL. In the cases of polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, acrylonitrile styrene resin, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene resin, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polymethylpentene, polymethylmethacrylate and polyethylene terephthalate samples, the amount was highest for heptane and very low for the other solvents. On the other hand, in the cases of melamine resin and polyamide samples, the amount was highest for 4% acetic acid or 20% ethanol and lowest for heptane. These results enabled the selection of the most suitable solvent, and the rapid and efficient determination of evaporation <span class="hlt">residue</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7e5910R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPA....7e5910R"><span>Controlled data storage for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory cells embedded in nano magnetic logic</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Riente, Fabrizio; Ziemys, Grazvydas; Mattersdorfer, Clemens; Boche, Silke; Turvani, Giovanna; Raberg, Wolfgang; Luber, Sebastian; Breitkreutz-v. Gamm, Stephan</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Among the beyond-CMOS technologies, perpendicular Nano Magnetic Logic (pNML) is a promising candidate due to its low power consumption, its <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span> and its monolithic 3D integrability, which makes it possible to integrate memory and logic into the same device by exploiting the interaction of bi-stable nanomagnets with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. Logic computation and signal synchronization are achieved by focus ion beam irradiation and by pinning domain walls in magnetic notches. However, in realistic circuits, the information storage and their read-out are crucial issues, often ignored in the exploration of beyond-CMOS devices. In this paper we address these issues by experimentally demonstrating a pNML memory element, whose read and write operations can be controlled by two independent pulsed currents. Our results prove the correct behavior of the proposed structure that enables high density memory embedded in the logic plane of 3D-integrated pNML circuits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29195986','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29195986"><span>Comparison of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> umami components in chicken soup and chicken enzymatic hydrolysate.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kong, Yan; Yang, Xiao; Ding, Qi; Zhang, Yu-Yu; Sun, Bao-Guo; Chen, Hai-Tao; Sun, Ying</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Umami taste is an important part to the taste of chicken. To isolate and identify <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> umami compounds, fractions from chicken soup and hydrolysate were prepared and analyzed. Amino acids were analyzed by amino acid analyzer. Organic acids and nucleotides were determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Separation procedures utilizing ultrafiltration, Sephadex G-15 and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography were used to isolate umami taste peptides. Combined with sensory evaluation and LC-Q-TOF-MS, the amino acid sequences of 12 oligopeptides were determined. The amount of taste compounds was higher in chicken enzymatic hydrolysate than that of chicken soup. Eight oligopeptides from chicken enzymatic hydrolysate were identified, including Ala-Asp, Ala-Met, His-Ser, Val-Glu, Ala-Glu, Asp-Ala-Gly, Glu-Asp and Ala-Glu-Ala. Four oligopeptides from chicken soup were identified, including Val-Thr, Ala-His, Ala-Phe and Thr-Glu. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418965-volatility-catalytic-hydrogenation-products-bis-phenylethynyl-benzene-effects-hydrogenation-volatility-organic-hydrogen-getters','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1418965-volatility-catalytic-hydrogenation-products-bis-phenylethynyl-benzene-effects-hydrogenation-volatility-organic-hydrogen-getters"><span><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> of the catalytic hydrogenation products of 1,4 bis(phenylethynyl)benzene [The effects of hydrogenation on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of organic hydrogen getters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Sharma, Hom N.; Sangalang, Elizabeth A.; Saw, Cheng K.; ...</p> <p>2017-11-15</p> <p>Measurements of equilibrium vapor pressures by effusion thermogravimetry and melting points by differential scanning calorimetry reveal that the melting temperature and equilibrium vapor pressures of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (DEB) do not vary monotonically with the hydrogenation extent. Contrary to intuition which suggests increasing <span class="hlt">volatility</span> with hydrogenation, results indicate decreasing <span class="hlt">volatility</span> for the first two hydrogenation steps before a <span class="hlt">non</span>-monotonic upward trend, in which trans-isomers are less <span class="hlt">volatile</span>. Insights on structural packing and functional groups were obtained from x-ray diffraction and infrared studies to shed light on the observed variation in the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of DEB with hydrogenation. Density functional theory calculations were performedmore » to obtain molecular level information and to establish the thermodynamics of DEB hydrogenation reactions. A major factor influencing the observed melting points and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of the hydrogenated intermediate species is identified as the local attractive or repulsive carbon-hydrogen (CH) dipole interactions among the getter molecules in their respective crystal structures. As a result, such collective CH dipole interactions can be used to predict the trends in the <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> of catalytic hydrogenation processes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418965-volatility-catalytic-hydrogenation-products-bis-phenylethynyl-benzene-effects-hydrogenation-volatility-organic-hydrogen-getters','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1418965-volatility-catalytic-hydrogenation-products-bis-phenylethynyl-benzene-effects-hydrogenation-volatility-organic-hydrogen-getters"><span><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> of the catalytic hydrogenation products of 1,4 bis(phenylethynyl)benzene [The effects of hydrogenation on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of organic hydrogen getters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Sharma, Hom N.; Sangalang, Elizabeth A.; Saw, Cheng K.</p> <p></p> <p>Measurements of equilibrium vapor pressures by effusion thermogravimetry and melting points by differential scanning calorimetry reveal that the melting temperature and equilibrium vapor pressures of 1,4-bis(phenylethynyl)benzene (DEB) do not vary monotonically with the hydrogenation extent. Contrary to intuition which suggests increasing <span class="hlt">volatility</span> with hydrogenation, results indicate decreasing <span class="hlt">volatility</span> for the first two hydrogenation steps before a <span class="hlt">non</span>-monotonic upward trend, in which trans-isomers are less <span class="hlt">volatile</span>. Insights on structural packing and functional groups were obtained from x-ray diffraction and infrared studies to shed light on the observed variation in the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of DEB with hydrogenation. Density functional theory calculations were performedmore » to obtain molecular level information and to establish the thermodynamics of DEB hydrogenation reactions. A major factor influencing the observed melting points and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of the hydrogenated intermediate species is identified as the local attractive or repulsive carbon-hydrogen (CH) dipole interactions among the getter molecules in their respective crystal structures. As a result, such collective CH dipole interactions can be used to predict the trends in the <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> of catalytic hydrogenation processes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910023504','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910023504"><span>QMR: A Quasi-Minimal <span class="hlt">Residual</span> method for <span class="hlt">non</span>-Hermitian linear systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Freund, Roland W.; Nachtigal, Noel M.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The biconjugate gradient (BCG) method is the natural generalization of the classical conjugate gradient algorithm for Hermitian positive definite matrices to general <span class="hlt">non</span>-Hermitian linear systems. Unfortunately, the original BCG algorithm is susceptible to possible breakdowns and numerical instabilities. A novel BCG like approach is presented called the quasi-minimal <span class="hlt">residual</span> (QMR) method, which overcomes the problems of BCG. An implementation of QMR based on a look-ahead version of the nonsymmetric Lanczos algorithm is proposed. It is shown how BCG iterates can be recovered stably from the QMR process. Some further properties of the QMR approach are given and an error bound is presented. Finally, numerical experiments are reported.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930010000','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930010000"><span>The effect of a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> dust mantle on the energy balance of cometary surface layers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Koemle, Norbert I.; Steiner, Gerhard</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>It is likely that large parts of a cometary surface layer consist of porous ices, which are covered by a thin layer of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> debris, whose structure is also fluffy and porous. In this paper the results of model calculations are presented. The calculations show the effect of ice and dust pore sizes and of the dust mantle thickness upon the thermal behavior of such a dust-ice system, when it is irradiated by the sun. In particular, it is found that the average pore size of the ice and the dust material has a large influence both on the dust surface temperature and on the temperature at the dust-ice interface.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284290','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25284290"><span>GCMS investigation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds in green coffee affected by potato taste defect and the Antestia bug.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jackels, Susan C; Marshall, Eric E; Omaiye, Angelica G; Gianan, Robert L; Lee, Fabrice T; Jackels, Charles F</p> <p>2014-10-22</p> <p>Potato taste defect (PTD) is a flavor defect in East African coffee associated with Antestiopsis orbitalis feeding and 3-isopropyl-2-methoxypyrazine (IPMP) in the coffee. To elucidate the manifestation of PTD, surface and interior <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds of PTD and <span class="hlt">non</span>-PTD green coffees were sampled by headspace solid phase microextraction and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Principal component analysis of the chromatographic data revealed a profile of surface <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> distinguishing PTD from <span class="hlt">non</span>-PTD coffees dominated by tridecane, dodecane, and tetradecane. While not detected in surface <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, IPMP was found in interior <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> of PTD coffee. Desiccated antestia bugs were analyzed by GCMS, revealing that the three most prevalent <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were tridecane, dodecane, and tetradecane, as was found in the surface profile PTD coffee. Coffee having visible insect damage exhibited both a PTD surface <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile and IPMP in interior <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, supporting the hypothesis linking antestia bug feeding activity with PTD profile compounds on the surface and IPMP in the interior of the beans.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29908516','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29908516"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in fire debris by combination of activated charcoal strips (ACS) and automated thermal desorption-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (ATD/GC-MS).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Martin Fabritius, Marie; Broillet, Alain; König, Stefan; Weinmann, Wolfgang</p> <p>2018-06-04</p> <p>Adsorption of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in gaseous phase to activated charcoal strip (ACS) is one possibility for the extraction and concentration of ignitable liquid <span class="hlt">residues</span> (ILRs) from fire debris in arson investigations. Besides liquid extraction using carbon dioxide or hexane, automated thermo-desorption can be used to transfer adsorbed <span class="hlt">residues</span> to direct analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). We present a fire debris analysis work-flow with headspace adsorption of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> onto ACS and subsequent automated thermo-desorption (ATD) GC-MS analysis. Only a small portion of the ACS is inserted in the ATD tube for thermal desorption coupled to GC-MS, allowing for subsequent confirmation analysis with another portion of the same ACS. This approach is a promising alternative to the routinely used ACS method with solvent extraction of retained <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, and the application to fire debris analysis is demonstrated. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865028','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21865028"><span>Thermogravimetric investigation on co-combustion characteristics of tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> and high-ash anthracite coal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, X G; Lv, Y; Ma, B G; Jian, S W; Tan, H B</p> <p>2011-10-01</p> <p>The thermal behavior of high-ash anthracite coal, tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> and their blends during combustion processes was investigated by means of thermogravimetric analysis (20 K min(-1), ranging from ambient temperature to 1273 K). Effects of the mixed proportion between coal and tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> on the combustion process, ignition and burnout characteristics were also studied. The results indicated that the combustion of tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> was controlled by the emission of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter; the regions were more complex for tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> (four peaks) than for coal (two peaks). Also, the blends had integrative thermal profiles that reflected both tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> and coal. The incorporation of tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> could improve the combustion characteristics of high-ash anthracite coal, especially the ignition and burnout characteristics comparing with the separate burning of tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> and coal. It was feasible to use the co-combustion of tobacco <span class="hlt">residue</span> and high-ash anthracite coal as fuel. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28214327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28214327"><span>Improved exposure estimation in soil screening and cleanup criteria for <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic chemicals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>DeVaull, George E</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>Soil cleanup criteria define acceptable concentrations of organic chemical constituents for exposed humans. These criteria sum the estimated soil exposure over multiple pathways. Assumptions for ingestion, dermal contact, and dust exposure generally presume a chemical persists in surface soils at a constant concentration level for the entire exposure duration. For <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals, this is an unrealistic assumption. A calculation method is presented for surficial soil criteria that include <span class="hlt">volatile</span> depletion of chemical for these uptake pathways. The depletion estimates compare favorably with measured concentration profiles and with field measurements of soil concentration. Corresponding <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> estimates compare favorably with measured data for a wide range of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semivolatile chemicals, including instances with and without the presence of a mixed-chemical <span class="hlt">residual</span> phase. Selected examples show application of the revised factors in estimating screening levels for benzene in surficial soils. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;13:861-869. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..445..264A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..445..264A"><span>Forecasting Tehran stock exchange <span class="hlt">volatility</span>; Markov switching GARCH approach</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Abounoori, Esmaiel; Elmi, Zahra (Mila); Nademi, Younes</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>This paper evaluates several GARCH models regarding their ability to forecast <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in Tehran Stock Exchange (TSE). These include GARCH models with both Gaussian and fat-tailed <span class="hlt">residual</span> conditional distribution, concerning their ability to describe and forecast <span class="hlt">volatility</span> from 1-day to 22-day horizon. Results indicate that AR(2)-MRSGARCH-GED model outperforms other models at one-day horizon. Also, the AR(2)-MRSGARCH-GED as well as AR(2)-MRSGARCH-t models outperform other models at 5-day horizon. In 10 day horizon, three models of AR(2)-MRSGARCH outperform other models. Concerning 22 day forecast horizon, results indicate no differences between MRSGARCH models with that of standard GARCH models. Regarding Risk management out-of-sample evaluation (95% VaR), a few models seem to provide reasonable and accurate VaR estimates at 1-day horizon, with a coverage rate close to the nominal level. According to the risk management loss functions, there is not a uniformly most accurate model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.1691H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016Nanos...8.1691H"><span>Multi-floor cascading ferroelectric nanostructures: multiple data writing-based multi-level <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hyun, Seung; Kwon, Owoong; Lee, Bom-Yi; Seol, Daehee; Park, Beomjin; Lee, Jae Yong; Lee, Ju Hyun; Kim, Yunseok; Kim, Jin Kon</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Multiple data writing-based multi-level <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory has gained strong attention for next-generation memory devices to quickly accommodate an extremely large number of data bits because it is capable of storing multiple data bits in a single memory cell at once. However, all previously reported devices have failed to store a large number of data bits due to the macroscale cell size and have not allowed fast access to the stored data due to slow single data writing. Here, we introduce a novel three-dimensional multi-floor cascading polymeric ferroelectric nanostructure, successfully operating as an individual cell. In one cell, each floor has its own piezoresponse and the piezoresponse of one floor can be modulated by the bias voltage applied to the other floor, which means simultaneously written data bits in both floors can be identified. This could achieve multi-level memory through a multiple data writing process.Multiple data writing-based multi-level <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory has gained strong attention for next-generation memory devices to quickly accommodate an extremely large number of data bits because it is capable of storing multiple data bits in a single memory cell at once. However, all previously reported devices have failed to store a large number of data bits due to the macroscale cell size and have not allowed fast access to the stored data due to slow single data writing. Here, we introduce a novel three-dimensional multi-floor cascading polymeric ferroelectric nanostructure, successfully operating as an individual cell. In one cell, each floor has its own piezoresponse and the piezoresponse of one floor can be modulated by the bias voltage applied to the other floor, which means simultaneously written data bits in both floors can be identified. This could achieve multi-level memory through a multiple data writing process. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: 10.1039/c5nr07377d</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCoPh.362..163G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JCoPh.362..163G"><span>An entropy-variables-based formulation of <span class="hlt">residual</span> distribution schemes for <span class="hlt">non</span>-equilibrium flows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Garicano-Mena, Jesús; Lani, Andrea; Degrez, Gérard</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>In this paper we present an extension of <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Distribution techniques for the simulation of compressible flows in <span class="hlt">non</span>-equilibrium conditions. The latter are modeled by means of a state-of-the-art multi-species and two-temperature model. An entropy-based variable transformation that symmetrizes the projected advective Jacobian for such a thermophysical model is introduced. Moreover, the transformed advection Jacobian matrix presents a block diagonal structure, with mass-species and electronic-vibrational energy being completely decoupled from the momentum and total energy sub-system. The advantageous structure of the transformed advective Jacobian can be exploited by contour-integration-based <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Distribution techniques: established schemes that operate on dense matrices can be substituted by the same scheme operating on the momentum-energy subsystem matrix and repeated application of scalar scheme to the mass-species and electronic-vibrational energy terms. Finally, the performance gain of the symmetrizing-variables formulation is quantified on a selection of representative testcases, ranging from subsonic to hypersonic, in inviscid or viscous conditions.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22051578"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> components of the enzyme-ripened sufu, a Chinese traditional fermented product of soy bean.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Moy, Yin-Soon; Lu, Ting-Jang; Chou, Cheng-Chun</p> <p>2012-02-01</p> <p>In the present study, sufu, a soft cheese-like oriental fermented food, was prepared by ripening the salted-tofu cubes in Aspergillus oryzae-fermented soybean-rice koji at 37°C for 16 days (16-day sufu). Sufu was further held at room temperature for another 30 days (46-day sufu). The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-fermented tofu cubes and the sufu products were identified and quantified by GC and GC-MS. A total of 70 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds including 20 aldehydes, 18 alcohols, 16 esters, 5 ketones, 5 acids and 6 other compounds were identified. Sufu products contained more <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds than <span class="hlt">non</span>-fermented tofu cubes qualitatively and quantitatively. After 16-days of ripening, fatty acid, aldehyde and ester were noted to be the dominant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fractions. In contrast, the 46-day sufu contained ester, and alcohol as the major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fractions. They comprise approximately 63.9% of the total <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components. Copyright © 2011 The Society for Biotechnology, Japan. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744118','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23744118"><span>Sensory characteristics and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> composition of a cereal beverage fermented with Bifidobacterium breve NCIMB 702257.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Salmerón, Ivan; Rozada, Raquel; Thomas, Keith; Ortega-Rivas, Enrique; Pandiella, Severino S</p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>Most of the commercialized lactic acid fermented products are dairy-based. Hence, the development of <span class="hlt">non</span>-dairy fermented products with probiotic properties draws significant attention within the functional foods industry. The microorganisms used in such products have complex enzyme systems through which they generate diverse metabolites (<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>) that provide significant flavour attributes of importance for fermented foods. The correlation of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> flavour compounds of a malt beverage fermented with a Bifidobacterium breve strain with its unique sensory characteristics was performed. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> composition analysis exposed the presence of 12 components. Eight of these flavour <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were produced through the metabolic activity of the bifidobacteria strain. Notably acetic acid, of reported sour flavour characteristics, exhibited the greatest intensity. Four components of considerable organoleptic characteristics were identified as Maillard-derived products, namely maltol, pyranone, 2 (5H)-furanmethanol and 3-furanmethanol. The sensory evaluation exhibited that the fermented cereal beverage had a sour flavour with mild sweet and malty notes. These results indicate that the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds identified can be appointed as significant flavour markers of the novel fermented cereal beverage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60699&keyword=tcp&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60699&keyword=tcp&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>MODELED RESIDENTIAL CHLORPYRIFOS EXPOSURE AND DOSE TO CHILDREN VIA DERMAL SURFACE <span class="hlt">RESIDUE</span> CONTACT AND <span class="hlt">NON</span>-DIETARY INGESTION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>A physically-based stochastic model has been applied to estimate residential chlorpyrifos exposure and dace to children via the <span class="hlt">non</span>-dietary ingestion and dermal <span class="hlt">residue</span> contact pathways. Time-location-activity data for 2825 children were sampled from national surveys to generat...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4128645','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4128645"><span>Vertebrate pheromones and other semiochemicals: the potential for accommodating complexity in signalling by <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds for vertebrate management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pickett, John A.; Barasa, Stephen; Birkett, Michael A.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The interaction between <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, e.g. proteinaceous, components of pheromone and other semiochemical-based signalling systems presents a daunting set of problems for exploitation in the management of vertebrates, good or bad. Aggravating this is the complexity of the mixtures involved with pheromones, not only by definition associated with each species, but also with individual members of that species and their positions within their immediate communities. Nonetheless, already in some contexts, particularly where signals are perceived at other trophic levels from those of the vertebrates, e.g. by arthropods, reductionist approaches can be applied whereby the integrity of complex <span class="hlt">volatile</span> mixtures is maintained, but perturbed by augmentation with individual components. In the present article, this is illustrated for cattle husbandry, fish farming and human health. So far, crude formulations have been used to imitate <span class="hlt">volatile</span> semiochemical interactions with <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> components, but new approaches must be developed to accommodate more sophisticated interactions and not least the activities of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span>, particularly proteinaceous components, currently being deduced. PMID:25109967</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18..275G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18..275G"><span>Uncertainty in aerosol hygroscopicity resulting from semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goulden, Olivia; Crooks, Matthew; Connolly, Paul</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>We present a novel method of exploring the effect of uncertainties in aerosol properties on cloud droplet number using existing cloud droplet activation parameterisations. Aerosol properties of a single involatile particle mode are randomly sampled within an uncertainty range and resulting maximum supersaturations and critical diameters calculated using the cloud droplet activation scheme. Hygroscopicity parameters are subsequently derived and the values of the mean and uncertainty are found to be comparable to experimental observations. A recently proposed cloud droplet activation scheme that includes the effects of co-condensation of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (SVOCs) onto a single lognormal mode of involatile particles is also considered. In addition to the uncertainties associated with the involatile particles, concentrations, <span class="hlt">volatility</span> distributions and chemical composition of the SVOCs are randomly sampled and hygroscopicity parameters are derived using the cloud droplet activation scheme. The inclusion of SVOCs is found to have a significant effect on the hygroscopicity and contributes a large uncertainty. For <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particles that are effective cloud condensation nuclei, the co-condensation of SVOCs reduces their actual hygroscopicity by approximately 25 %. A new concept of an effective hygroscopicity parameter is introduced that can computationally efficiently simulate the effect of SVOCs on cloud droplet number concentration without direct modelling of the organic compounds. These effective hygroscopicities can be as much as a factor of 2 higher than those of the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particles onto which the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds condense.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=188340&keyword=selenium&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=188340&keyword=selenium&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>Speciation, Characterization, And Mobility Of As, Se and Hg In Flue Gas Desulphurization <span class="hlt">Residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Flue gas from coal combustion contains significant amounts of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> toxic trace elements such as arsenic (As), selenium (Se) and mercury (Hg). The capture of these elements in the flue gas desulphurization (FGD) scrubber unit has resulted in generation of a metal-laden <span class="hlt">residue</span>...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23124668"><span>Sensitive ionization of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> analytes using protein solutions as spray liquid in desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zhu, Zhiqiang; Han, Jing; Zhang, Yan; Zhou, Yafei; Xu, Ning; Zhang, Bo; Gu, Haiwei; Chen, Huanwen</p> <p>2012-12-15</p> <p>Desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) is the most popular ambient ionization technique for direct analysis of complex samples without sample pretreatment. However, for many applications, especially for trace analysis, it is of interest to improve the sensitivity of DESI-mass spectrometry (MS). In traditional DESI-MS, a mixture of methanol/water/acetic acid is usually used to generate the primary ions. In this article, dilute protein solutions were electrosprayed in the DESI method to create multiply charged primary ions for the desorption ionization of trace analytes on various surfaces (e.g., filter paper, glass, Al-foil) without any sample pretreatment. The analyte ions were then detected and structurally characterized using a LTQ XL mass spectrometer. Compared with the methanol/water/acetic acid (49:49:2, v/v/v) solution, protein solutions significantly increased the signal levels of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds such as benzoic acid, TNT, o-toluidine, peptide and insulin in either positive or negative ion detection mode. For all the analytes tested, the limits of detection (LODs) were reduced to about half of the original values which were obtained using traditional DESI. The results showed that the signal enhancement is highly correlated with the molecular weight of the proteins and the selected solid surfaces. The proposed DESI method is a universal strategy for rapid and sensitive detection of trace amounts of strongly bound and/or <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> analytes, including explosives, peptides, and proteins. The results indicate that the sensitivity of DESI can be further improved by selecting larger proteins and appropriate solid surfaces. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.710a2010T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JPhCS.710a2010T"><span>Analysis of Realized <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> for Nikkei Stock Average on the Tokyo Stock Exchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takaishi, Tetsuya; Watanabe, Toshiaki</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>We calculate realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of the Nikkei Stock Average (Nikkei225) Index on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and investigate the return dynamics. To avoid the bias on the realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> from the <span class="hlt">non</span>-trading hours issue we calculate realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> separately in the two trading sessions, i.e. morning and afternoon, of the Tokyo Stock Exchange and find that the microstructure noise decreases the realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> at small sampling frequency. Using realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> as a proxy of the integrated <span class="hlt">volatility</span> we standardize returns in the morning and afternoon sessions and investigate the normality of the standardized returns by calculating variance, kurtosis and 6th moment. We find that variance, kurtosis and 6th moment are consistent with those of the standard normal distribution, which indicates that the return dynamics of the Nikkei Stock Average are well described by a Gaussian random process with time-varying <span class="hlt">volatility</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2734N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2734N"><span>Reactive trace gas emissions from stressed plants: a poorly characterized major source of atmospheric <span class="hlt">volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Niinemets, Ülo</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Vegetation constitutes the greatest source of reactive <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds in the atmosphere. The current emission estimates primarily rely on constitutive emissions that are present only in some plant species. However, all plant species can be induced to emit reactive <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> by different abiotic and biotic stresses, but the stress-dependent emissions have been largely neglected in emission measurements and models. This presentation provides an overview of systematic screening of stress-dependent <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions from a broad range of structurally and physiologically divergent plant species from temperate to tropical ecosystems. Ozone, heat, drought and wounding stress were the abiotic stresses considered in the screening, while biotic stress included herbivory, chemical elicitors simulating herbivory and fungal infections. The data suggest that any moderate to severe stress leads to significant emissions of a rich blend of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, including methanol, green leaf <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (the lipoxygenase pathway <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, dominated by C6 aldehydes, alcohols and derivatives), different mono- and sesquiterpenes and benzenoids. The release of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> occurs in stress severity-dependent manner, although the emission responses are often <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear with more severe stresses resulting in disproportionately greater emissions. Stress <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release is induced in both <span class="hlt">non</span>-constitutive and constitutive <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emitters, whereas the rate of constitutive <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions in constitutive emitters is often reduced under environmental and biotic stresses. Given that plants in natural conditions often experience stress, this analysis suggests that global <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions have been significantly underestimated. Furthermore, in globally changing hotter climates, the frequency and severity of both abiotic and biotic stresses is expected to increase. Thus, the stress-induced <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions are predicted to play a dominant role in plant-atmosphere interactions in near</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29526496','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29526496"><span>Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography accurate mass spectrometry for extraction and <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted profiling of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds in grape marc distillates.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Fontana, Ariel; Rodríguez, Isaac; Cela, Rafael</p> <p>2018-04-20</p> <p>The suitability of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and gas chromatography accurate mass spectrometry (GC-MS), based on a time-of-flight (TOF) MS analyzer and using electron ionization (EI), for the characterization of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> profiles of grape marc distillates (grappa) are evaluated. DLLME conditions are optimized with a selection of compounds, from different chemical families, present in the distillate spirit. Under final working conditions, 2.5 mL of sample and 0.5 mL of organic solvents are consumed in the sample preparation process. The absolute extraction efficiencies ranged from 30 to 100%, depending on the compound. For the same sample volume, DLLME provided higher responses than solid-phase microextraction (SPME) for most of the model compounds. The GC-EI-TOF-MS records of grappa samples were processed using a data mining <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted search algorithm. In this way, chromatographic peaks and accurate EI-MS spectra of sample components were linked. The identities of more than 140 of these components are proposed from comparison of their accurate spectra with those in a low resolution EI-MS database, accurate masses of most intense fragment ions of known structure, and available chromatographic retention index. The use of chromatographic and spectral data, associated to the set of components mined from different grappa samples, for multivariate analysis purposes is also illustrated in the study. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558779','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27558779"><span>Effect of a <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric covering on the <span class="hlt">residual</span> activity of pendimethalin in lettuce and soil.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jursík, Miroslav; Kováčová, Jana; Kočárek, Martin; Hamouzová, Kateřina; Soukup, Josef</p> <p>2017-05-01</p> <p>Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a crop that is very sensitive to herbicide contamination owing to its short growing season. The use of long-<span class="hlt">residual</span> herbicides and <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric coverings could therefore influence pendimethalin concentrations in soil and lettuce. The pendimethalin half-life in soil ranged between 18 and 85 days and was mainly affected by season (i.e. weather), and especially by soil moisture. Pendimethalin degradation in soil was slowest under dry conditions. A longer pendimethalin half-life was observed under the <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric treatment, but the effect of varying application rate was not significant. Pendimethalin <span class="hlt">residue</span> concentrations in lettuce heads were significantly influenced by pendimethalin application rate and by <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric cover, especially at the lettuce's early growth stages. The highest pendimethalin concentration at final harvest was determined in lettuce grown on uncovered plots treated with pendimethalin at an application rate of 1200 g ha -1 (7-38 µg kg -1 ). Depending on growing season duration and weather conditions, pendimethalin concentrations in lettuce grown under <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric ranged from 0 to 21 µg kg -1 . Use of transparent <span class="hlt">non</span>-woven fabric cover with lettuce can help to reduce application rates of soil herbicides and diminish the risk of herbicide contamination in the harvested vegetables. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038710','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25038710"><span>Changes in <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> taste components of button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) during different stages of freeze drying and freeze drying combined with microwave vacuum drying.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pei, Fei; Shi, Ying; Gao, Xingyang; Wu, Fangning; Mariga, Alfred Mugambi; Yang, Wenjian; Zhao, Liyan; An, Xinxin; Xin, Zhihong; Yang, Fangmei; Hu, Qiuhui</p> <p>2014-12-15</p> <p>Button mushroom slices were dehydrated using freeze drying (FD) or FD combined with microwave vacuum drying (FMVD), and the <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> component profiles were studied. The results showed that the level of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> components in button mushroom firstly increased during sublimation of FD/FMVD process and then fell during desorption in FD process and MVD in FMVD process. Compared to FD products, the contents of soluble sugars and polyols in FMVD products were relatively low, whereas the contents of total free amino acids were significantly higher, close to the level of fresh mushroom. However, there was no significant difference in the contents of 5'-nucleotides and organic acids between FD and FMVD products. The equivalent umami concentration (EUC) values for FD and FMVD products did not differ from fresh, indicating that both drying methods could effectively preserve MSG (monosodium glutamate)-like components in button mushroom. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31B2689F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.V31B2689F"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> dynamics in crystal-rich magma bodies, perspectives from laboratory experiments and theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Faroughi, S.; Parmigiani, A.; Huber, C.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>The amount of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and the dynamics of bubbles play a significant role on the transition between different volcanic eruption behaviors. The transport of exsolved <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> through zoned magma chambers is complex and remains poorly constrained. Here we focus on the different transport of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> under two end member regimes: crystal-poor systems (bubbles form a suspension) versus crystal-rich reservoirs (multiphase porous media flow). We present a combination of multiphase flow laboratory experiments (using silicon oil and water) and a theoretical argument based on Stokes flow streamfunctions to contrast the differences between the transport of exsolved <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in both regimes. The first set of experiments involves the buoyant migration of water droplets in silicon oil in the absence of glass beads. We measure the <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear hydrodynamic interaction between bubbles and its effect on slowing down the average flux of water droplets as the water volume fraction increases. Our experimental results are compared to a theoretical argument in which a streamfunction formulation is used to estimate the effect of a suspension on bubble migration. We find a good agreement between the new theory and our experimental results. The second set of experiments focuses on the transport of water (<span class="hlt">non</span>-wetting fluid) in porous media saturated with viscous silicon oils. Contrary to suspension dynamics, in multiphase porous media, an increase in the saturation of <span class="hlt">non</span>-wetting fluid leads to a <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear increase in its volumetric flux. The steady-state migration of <span class="hlt">non</span>-wetting fluid is controlled by the formation of viscous fingering instability that greatly enhances transport. We propose that the regime of energy dissipation during the migration of bubbles in heterogeneous magma reservoirs can change, leading to bubble accumulation in crystal-poor regions as fingering becomes unstable and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> form a disperse bubble suspension.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28089402','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28089402"><span>Aerobic composting of digested <span class="hlt">residue</span> eluted from dry methane fermentation to develop a zero-emission process.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Yu-Lian; Sun, Zhao-Yong; Zhong, Xiao-Zhong; Wang, Ting-Ting; Tan, Li; Tang, Yue-Qin; Kida, Kenji</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Digested <span class="hlt">residue</span> remained at the end of a process for the production of fuel ethanol and methane from kitchen garbage. To develop a zero-emission process, the compostability of the digested <span class="hlt">residue</span> was assessed to obtain an added-value fertilizer. Composting of the digested <span class="hlt">residue</span> by adding matured compost and a bulking agent was performed using a lab-scale composting reactor. The composting process showed that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> total solid (VTS) degradation mainly occurred during the first 13days, and the highest VTS degradation efficiency was about 27% at the end. The raw material was not suitable as a fertilizer due to its high NH 4 + and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs) concentration. However, the composting process produced remarkable results; the physicochemical properties indicated that highly matured compost was obtained within 62days of the composting process, and the final N concentration, NO 3 - concentration, and the germination index (GI) at the end of the composting process was 16.4gkg -1 -TS, 9.7gkg -1 -TS, and 151%, respectively. Real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) analysis of ammonia oxidizers indicated that the occurrence of nitrification during the composting of digested <span class="hlt">residue</span> was attributed to the activity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhyA..376..507S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhyA..376..507S"><span>Virtual <span class="hlt">volatility</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Silva, A. Christian; Prange, Richard E.</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>We introduce the concept of virtual <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. This simple but new measure shows how to quantify the uncertainty in the forecast of the drift component of a random walk. The virtual <span class="hlt">volatility</span> also is a useful tool in understanding the stochastic process for a given portfolio. In particular, and as an example, we were able to identify mean reversion effect in our portfolio. Finally, we briefly discuss the potential practical effect of the virtual <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on an investor asset allocation strategy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3466939','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3466939"><span>Electroantennographic Bioassay as a Screening Tool for Host Plant <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Beck, John J.; Light, Douglas M.; Gee, Wai S.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p> protocol demonstrated here presents a rapid, high-throughput standardized method for screening <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Each <span class="hlt">volatile</span> is at a set, constant amount as to standardize the stimulus level and thus allow antennal responses to be indicative of the relative chemoreceptivity. The negative control helps eliminate the electrophysiological response to both <span class="hlt">residual</span> solvent and mechanical force of the puff. The positive control (in this instance acetophenone) is a single compound that has elicited a consistent response from male and female navel orangeworm (NOW) moth. An additional semiochemical standard that provides consistent response and is used for bioassay studies with the male NOW moth is (Z,Z)-11,13-hexdecadienal, an aldehyde component from the female-produced sex pheromone.6-8 PMID:22588282</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25054439','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25054439"><span>Realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and absolute return <span class="hlt">volatility</span>: a comparison indicating market risk.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zheng, Zeyu; Qiao, Zhi; Takaishi, Tetsuya; Stanley, H Eugene; Li, Baowen</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Measuring <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in financial markets is a primary challenge in the theory and practice of risk management and is essential when developing investment strategies. Although the vast literature on the topic describes many different models, two nonparametric measurements have emerged and received wide use over the past decade: realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and absolute return <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The former is strongly favored in the financial sector and the latter by econophysicists. We examine the memory and clustering features of these two methods and find that both enable strong predictions. We compare the two in detail and find that although realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has a better short-term effect that allows predictions of near-future market behavior, absolute return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is easier to calculate and, as a risk indicator, has approximately the same sensitivity as realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Our detailed empirical analysis yields valuable guidelines for both researchers and market participants because it provides a significantly clearer comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4108408','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4108408"><span>Realized <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> and Absolute Return <span class="hlt">Volatility</span>: A Comparison Indicating Market Risk</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Takaishi, Tetsuya; Stanley, H. Eugene; Li, Baowen</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Measuring <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in financial markets is a primary challenge in the theory and practice of risk management and is essential when developing investment strategies. Although the vast literature on the topic describes many different models, two nonparametric measurements have emerged and received wide use over the past decade: realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and absolute return <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The former is strongly favored in the financial sector and the latter by econophysicists. We examine the memory and clustering features of these two methods and find that both enable strong predictions. We compare the two in detail and find that although realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has a better short-term effect that allows predictions of near-future market behavior, absolute return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is easier to calculate and, as a risk indicator, has approximately the same sensitivity as realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Our detailed empirical analysis yields valuable guidelines for both researchers and market participants because it provides a significantly clearer comparison of the strengths and weaknesses of the two methods. PMID:25054439</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19417263','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19417263"><span>Resistive switching characteristics of polymer <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices in a scalable via-hole structure.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kim, Tae-Wook; Choi, Hyejung; Oh, Seung-Hwan; Jo, Minseok; Wang, Gunuk; Cho, Byungjin; Kim, Dong-Yu; Hwang, Hyunsang; Lee, Takhee</p> <p>2009-01-14</p> <p>The resistive switching characteristics of polyfluorene-derivative polymer material in a sub-micron scale via-hole device structure were investigated. The scalable via-hole sub-microstructure was fabricated using an e-beam lithographic technique. The polymer <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices varied in size from 40 x 40 microm(2) to 200 x 200 nm(2). From the scaling of junction size, the memory mechanism can be attributed to the space-charge-limited current with filamentary conduction. Sub-micron scale polymer memory devices showed excellent resistive switching behaviours such as a large ON/OFF ratio (I(ON)/I(OFF) approximately 10(4)), excellent device-to-device switching uniformity, good sweep endurance, and good retention times (more than 10,000 s). The successful operation of sub-micron scale memory devices of our polyfluorene-derivative polymer shows promise to fabricate high-density polymer memory devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27543280','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27543280"><span>Presurgical visualization of the neurovascular relationship in trigeminal neuralgia with 3D modeling using free Slicer software.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Han, Kai-Wei; Zhang, Dan-Feng; Chen, Ji-Gang; Hou, Li-Jun</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>To explore whether segmentation and 3D modeling are more accurate in the preoperative detection of the neurovascular relationship (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) in patients with trigeminal neuralgia (TN) compared to MRI fast imaging employing steady-state acquisition (FIESTA). Segmentation and 3D modeling using 3D Slicer were conducted for 40 patients undergoing MRI FIESTA and microsurgical vascular decompression (MVD). The <span class="hlt">NVR</span>, as well as the offending vessel determined by MRI FIESTA and 3D Slicer, was reviewed and compared with intraoperative manifestations using SPSS. The k agreement between the MRI FIESTA and operation in determining the <span class="hlt">NVR</span> was 0.232 and that between the 3D modeling and operation was 0.6333. There was no significant difference between these two procedures (χ 2  = 8.09, P = 0.088). The k agreement between the MRI FIESTA and operation in determining the offending vessel was 0.373, and that between the 3D modeling and operation was 0.922. There were significant differences between two of them (χ 2  = 82.01, P = 0.000). The sensitivity and specificity for MRI FIESTA in determining the <span class="hlt">NVR</span> were 87.2 % and 100 %, respectively, and for 3D modeling were both 100 %. The segmentation and 3D modeling were more accurate than MRI FIESTA in preoperative verification of the <span class="hlt">NVR</span> and offending vessel. This was consistent with surgical manifestations and was more helpful for the preoperative decision and surgical plan.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159425','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1159425"><span>EqualChance: Addressing Intra-set Write Variation to Increase Lifetime of <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Caches</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S</p> <p></p> <p>To address the limitations of SRAM such as high-leakage and low-density, researchers have explored use of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) devices, such as ReRAM (resistive RAM) and STT-RAM (spin transfer torque RAM) for designing on-chip caches. A crucial limitation of NVMs, however, is that their write endurance is low and the large intra-set write variation introduced by existing cache management policies may further exacerbate this problem, thereby reducing the cache lifetime significantly. We present EqualChance, a technique to increase cache lifetime by reducing intra-set write variation. EqualChance works by periodically changing the physical cache-block location of a write-intensive data item withinmore » a set to achieve wear-leveling. Simulations using workloads from SPEC CPU2006 suite and HPC (high-performance computing) field show that EqualChance improves the cache lifetime by 4.29X. Also, its implementation overhead is small, and it incurs very small performance and energy loss.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430406Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012DPS....4430406Y"><span>Pluto's <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Transport</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Young, Leslie</p> <p>2012-10-01</p> <p>Pluto's varying subsolar latitude and heliocentric distance leads to large variations in the surface <span class="hlt">volatile</span> distribution and surface pressure. I present results of new <span class="hlt">volatile</span> transport models (Young 2012a, b). The models include insolation, thermal emission, subsurface conduction, heating of a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> slab, internal heat flux, latent heat of sublimation, and strict global mass balance. Numeric advances include initial conditions that allow for rapid convergence, efficient computation with matrix arithmetic, and stable Crank-Nicholson timesteps for both bare and <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-covered areas. Runs of the model show six distinct seasons on Pluto. (1) As Pluto approaches perihelion, the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on the old winter pole (the Rotational North Pole, RNP) becomes more directly illuminated , and the pressure and albedo rise rapidly. (2) When a new ice cap forms on the Rotational South Pole, RSP, <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> are exchanged between poles. The pressure and albedo change more slowly. (3) When all <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> have sublimed from the RNP, the albedo and pressure drop rapidly. (4-6) A similar pattern is repeated near aphelion with a reversal of the roles and the poles. I will compare results with earlier Pluto models of Hansen and Paige (1996), show the dependence on parameters such as substrate inertia, and make predictions for the New Horizons flyby of Pluto in 2015. This work was supported, in part, by funding from NASA Planetary Atmospheres Grant NNG06GF32G and the Spitzer project (JPL research support Agreement 1368573). Hansen, C. J. and D. A. Paige 1996. Seasonal Nitrogen Cycles on Pluto. Icarus 120, 247-265. Young, L. A. 2012a. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> transport on inhomogeneous surfaces: I - Analytic expressions, with application to Pluto’s day. Icarus, in press Young, L. A. 2012b. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> transport on inhomogeneous surfaces: II. Numerical calculations, with application to Pluto's season. In preparation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19840180','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19840180"><span>Brettanomyces bruxellensis evolution and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenols production in red wines during storage in bottles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Coulon, J; Perello, M C; Lonvaud-Funel, A; de Revel, G; Renouf, V</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>The presence of Brettanomyces bruxellensis is an important issue during winemaking because of its <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenols production capacities. The aim of this study is to provide information on the ability of <span class="hlt">residual</span> B. bruxellensis populations to multiply and spoil finished wines during storage in bottles. Several finished wines were studied. Brettanomyces bruxellensis populations were monitored during two and a half months, and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenols as well as chemical parameters regularly determined. Variable growth and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenols synthesis capacities were evidenced, in particularly when cells are in a noncultivable state. In addition, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenol production was clearly shown to be a two-step procedure that could strongly be correlated to the physiological state of the yeast population. This study underlines the importance of minimizing B. bruxellensis populations at the end of wine ageing to reduce <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phenols production risk once the wine in bottle. Moreover, the physiological state of the yeast seems to have an important impact on ethyl-phenols production, hence demonstrating the importance of taking into account this parameter when analysing wine spoilage risks. Little data exist about the survival of B. bruxellensis once the wine in bottle. This study provides information on the alteration risks encountered during wine storage in bottle and reveals the importance of carrying on further studies to increase the knowledge on B. bruxellensis physiology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED511454.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED511454.pdf"><span>Earnings and Income <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> in America: Evidence from Matched CPS. Discussion Paper Series. DP 2010-05</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ziliak, James P.; Hardy, Bradley; Bollinger, Christopher</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>In this paper we offer new evidence on earnings and income <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in the United States over the past four decades by using matched data from the March Current Population Survey. We find that between 1973 and 2008 family income <span class="hlt">volatility</span> rose by 38 percent, primarily as a result of higher <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of husbands earnings and <span class="hlt">non</span> means-tested…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...59a2065C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...59a2065C"><span>Study on vacuum pyrolysis of coffee industrial <span class="hlt">residue</span> for bio-oil production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Nanwei; Ren, Jie; Ye, Ziwei; Xu, Qizhi; Liu, Jingyong; Sun, Shuiyu</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>Coffee industrial <span class="hlt">residue</span> (CIR) is a biomass with high <span class="hlt">volatile</span> content (64.94 wt.%) and heating value (21.3 MJ·kg-1). This study was carried out to investigate the pyrolysis condition and products of CIR using thermogravimetric analyser (TGA) and vacuum tube furnace. The influence of pyrolysis temperature, time, pressure and heating rate on the yield of pyrolysis products were discussed. There was an optimal pyrolysis condition: CIR was heated from normal temperature to 400 °C for 60 min, with 10 °C·min-1 heating rate and a pressure of 30 kPaabs. In this condition, the yields of bio-oil, char and <span class="hlt">non</span>-condensable gas were 42.29, 33.14 and 24.57 wt.%, respectively. The bio-oil contained palmitic acid (47.48 wt.%), oleic acid (17.45 wt.%), linoleic acid (11.34 wt.%), octadecanoic acid (7.62 wt.%) and caffeine (5.18 wt.%).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ACP....14.5617L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ACP....14.5617L"><span>Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, M.; Zhang, Q.; Streets, D. G.; He, K. B.; Cheng, Y. F.; Emmons, L. K.; Huo, H.; Kang, S. C.; Lu, Z.; Shao, M.; Su, H.; Yu, X.; Zhang, Y.</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>An accurate speciation mapping of <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. Taking the INTEX-B Asian NMVOC emission inventory as the case, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs in this work, by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database v.4.2. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms at 30 min × 30 min resolution as well as the auxiliary data are available at <a href="http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006"target="_blank">http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006</a>. The framework proposed in this work can be also used to develop speciated NMVOC emissions for other regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ACPD...1332649L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ACPD...1332649L"><span>Mapping Asian anthropogenic emissions of <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds to multiple chemical mechanisms</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, M.; Zhang, Q.; Streets, D. G.; He, K. B.; Cheng, Y. F.; Emmons, L. K.; Huo, H.; Kang, S. C.; Lu, Z.; Shao, M.; Su, H.; Yu, X.; Zhang, Y.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>An accurate speciation mapping of <span class="hlt">non</span>-methane <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (NMVOC) emissions has an important impact on the performance of chemical transport models (CTMs) in simulating ozone mixing ratios and secondary organic aerosols. In this work, we developed an improved speciation framework to generate model-ready anthropogenic Asian NMVOC emissions for various gas-phase chemical mechanisms commonly used in CTMs by using an explicit assignment approach and updated NMVOC profiles, based on the total NMVOC emissions in the INTEX-B Asian inventory for the year 2006. NMVOC profiles were selected and aggregated from a wide range of new measurements and the SPECIATE database. To reduce potential uncertainty from individual measurements, composite profiles were developed by grouping and averaging source profiles from the same category. The fractions of oxygenated <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (OVOC) were corrected during the compositing process for those profiles which used improper sampling and analyzing methods. Emissions of individual species were then lumped into species in different chemical mechanisms used in CTMs by applying mechanism-dependent species mapping tables, which overcomes the weakness of inaccurate mapping in previous studies. Gridded emissions for eight chemical mechanisms are developed at 30 min × 30 min resolution using various spatial proxies and are provided through the website: <a href="http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006"target="_blank">http://mic.greenresource.cn/intex-b2006</a>. Emission estimates for individual NMVOC species differ between one and three orders of magnitude for some species when different sets of profiles are used, indicating that source profile is the most important source of uncertainties of individual species emissions. However, those differences are diminished in lumped species as a result of the lumping in the chemical mechanisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.139..122M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.139..122M"><span>Effect of nitrogen fertilization and <span class="hlt">residue</span> management practices on ammonia emissions from subtropical sugarcane production</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>mudi, Sanku Datta; Wang, Jim J.; Dodla, Syam Kumar; Arceneaux, Allen; Viator, H. P.</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>Ammonia (NH3) emission from soil is a loss of nitrogen (N) nutrient for plant production as well as an issue of air quality, due to the fact that it is an active precursor of airborne particulate matters. Ammonia also acts as a secondary source of nitrous oxide (N2O) emission when present in the soil. In this study, the impacts of different sources of N fertilizers and harvest <span class="hlt">residue</span> management schemes on NH3 emissions from sugarcane production were evaluated based on an active chamber method. The field experiment plots consisting of two sources of N fertilizer (urea and urea ammonium nitrate (UAN)) and two common <span class="hlt">residue</span> management practices, namely <span class="hlt">residue</span> retained (RR) and <span class="hlt">residue</span> burned (RB), were established on a Commerce silt loam. The NH3 <span class="hlt">volatilized</span> following N fertilizer application was collected in an impinger containing diluted citric acid and was subsequently analyzed using ion chromatography. The NH3 loss was primarily found within 3-4 weeks after N application. Average seasonal soil NH3 flux was significantly greater in urea plots with NH3-N emission factor (EF) twice or more than in UAN plots (2.4-5.6% vs. 1.2-1.7%). The RR <span class="hlt">residue</span> management scheme had much higher NH3 <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> than the RB treatment regardless of N fertilizer sources, corresponding to generally higher soil moisture levels in the former. Ammonia-N emissions in N fertilizer-treated sugarcane fields increased with increasing soil water-filled pore space (WFPS) up to 45-55% observed in the field. Both N fertilizer sources and <span class="hlt">residue</span> management approaches significantly affected NH3 emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6763W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.6763W"><span>Enhanced hydrophobicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of submicron aerosols under severe emission control conditions in Beijing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Yuying; Zhang, Fang; Li, Zhanqing</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A series of strict emission control measures were implemented in Beijing and the surrounding seven provinces to ensure good air quality during the 2015 China Victory Day parade, rendering a unique opportunity to investigate anthropogenic impact of aerosol properties. Submicron aerosol hygroscopicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> were measured during and after the control period using a hygroscopic and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> tandem differential mobility analyzer (H/V-TDMA) system. Three periods, namely, the control clean period (Clean1), the <span class="hlt">non</span>-control clean period (Clean2), and the <span class="hlt">non</span>-control pollution period (Pollution), were selected to study the effect of the emission control measures on aerosol hygroscopicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Aerosol particles became more hydrophobic and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> due to the emission control measures. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of 40-200 nm particles decreased by 32.0%-8.5% during the Clean1 period relative to the Clean2 period, while the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> shrink factor (SF) of 40-300 nm particles decreased by 7.5%-10.5%. The emission controls also changed the diurnal variation patterns of both the probability density function of κ (κ-PDF) and the probability density function of SF (SF-PDF). During Clean1 the κ-PDF showed one nearly-hydrophobic (NH) mode for particles in the nucleation mode, which was likely due to the dramatic reduction in industrial emissions of inorganic trace gases. Compared to the Pollution period, particles observed during the Clean1 and Clean2 periods exhibited a more significant <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> (NV) mode throughout the day, suggesting a more externally-mixed state particularly for the 150 nm particles. Aerosol hygroscopicities increased as particle sizes increased, with the greatest increases seen during the Pollution period. Accordingly, the aerosol <span class="hlt">volatility</span> became weaker (i.e., SF increased) during the Clean1 and Clean2 periods, but no apparent trend was observed during the Pollution period. Based on a correlation analysis of the number fractions</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116328','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24116328"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy on the concentration of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compound in mouth air of a group of nigerian young adults.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ehizele, Ao; Akhionbare, O</p> <p>2013-07-01</p> <p>The major goal of <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy is to reduce or eliminate the subgingival pathogenic microbial flora that is known to be associated with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds (VSC). The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the effect of <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy on the concentration of VSC in mouth air of young adults. Four hundred subjects, grouped into two based on the absence or presence of periodontal diseases, were involved in this study. Basic periodontal examination was used for the grouping. The measurement of the concentration of the VSC in the mouth air of the subjects was done objectively, using the Halimeter, before and after the therapy, and at recall visits 2 weeks and 6 weeks after therapy. Chi-square and Paired t-test were used to find statistical significance. The results revealed that at baseline, 78.7% (48/61) of the subjects who had VSC concentration more than 250 parts per billion (ppb) were from the group with periodontal disease. Immediately after <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy, only 8.5% (17/200) of the subjects with periodontal disease had VSC concentration of more than 250 ppb while all the subjects with no periodontal disease had VSC concentration less than 181 ppb. The same pattern of reduction in the concentration of the VSC and improvement in oral hygiene was also obtained 2 weeks and 6 weeks after therapy. It can be concluded that <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy brought about reduction in the concentration of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds in mouth air of young adults.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16915628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16915628"><span>Agricultural <span class="hlt">residue</span> availability in the United States.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Haq, Zia; Easterly, James L</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>The National Energy Modeling System (NEMS) is used by the Energy Information Administration (EIA) to forecast US energy production, consumption, and price trends for a 25-yr-time horizon. Biomass is one of the technologies within NEMS, which plays a key role in several scenarios. An endogenously determined biomass supply schedule is used to derive the price-quantity relationship of biomass. There are four components to the NEMS biomass supply schedule including: agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span>, energy crops, forestry <span class="hlt">residues</span>, and urban wood waste/mill <span class="hlt">residues</span>. The EIA's Annual Energy Outlook 2005 includes updated estimates of the agricultural <span class="hlt">residue</span> portion of the biomass supply schedule. The changes from previous agricultural <span class="hlt">residue</span> supply estimates include: revised assumptions concerning corn stover and wheat straw <span class="hlt">residue</span> availabilities, inclusion of <span class="hlt">non</span>-corn and <span class="hlt">non</span>-wheat agricultural <span class="hlt">residues</span> (such as barley, rice straw, and sugarcane bagasse), and the implementation of assumptions concerning increases in no-till farming. This article will discuss the impact of these changes on the supply schedule.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApPhB..71..601M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApPhB..71..601M"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> analysis in fruits by laser resonant ionization spectrometry: application to resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) in grapes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Montero, C.; Orea, J. M.; Soledad Muñoz, M.; Lobo, R. F. M.; González Ureña, A.</p> <p></p> <p>A laser desorption (LD) coupled with resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionisation (REMPI) and time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOFMS) technique for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> trace analysis compounds is presented. Essential features are: (a) an enhanced desorption yield due to the mixing of metal powder with the analyte in the sample preparation, (b) a high resolution, great sensitivity and low detection limit due to laser resonant ionisation and mass spectrometry detection. Application to resveratrol content in grapes demonstrated the capability of the analytical method with a sensitivity of 0.2 pg per single laser shot and a detection limit of 5 ppb.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26123317','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26123317"><span>NMR structure calculation for all small molecule ligands and <span class="hlt">non</span>-standard <span class="hlt">residues</span> from the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yilmaz, Emel Maden; Güntert, Peter</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>An algorithm, CYLIB, is presented for converting molecular topology descriptions from the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary into CYANA <span class="hlt">residue</span> library entries. The CYANA structure calculation algorithm uses torsion angle molecular dynamics for the efficient computation of three-dimensional structures from NMR-derived restraints. For this, the molecules have to be represented in torsion angle space with rotations around covalent single bonds as the only degrees of freedom. The molecule must be given a tree structure of torsion angles connecting rigid units composed of one or several atoms with fixed relative positions. Setting up CYANA <span class="hlt">residue</span> library entries therefore involves, besides straightforward format conversion, the <span class="hlt">non</span>-trivial step of defining a suitable tree structure of torsion angles, and to re-order the atoms in a way that is compatible with this tree structure. This can be done manually for small numbers of ligands but the process is time-consuming and error-prone. An automated method is necessary in order to handle the large number of different potential ligand molecules to be studied in drug design projects. Here, we present an algorithm for this purpose, and show that CYANA structure calculations can be performed with almost all small molecule ligands and <span class="hlt">non</span>-standard amino acid <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the PDB Chemical Component Dictionary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28838036','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28838036"><span>Quantification of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids from cattle manure via <span class="hlt">non</span>-catalytic esterification for odour indication.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Sang-Ryong; Lee, Jechan; Cho, Seong-Heon; Kim, Jieun; Oh, Jeong-Ik; Tsang, Daniel C W; Jeong, Kwang-Hwa; Kwon, Eilhann E</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This report proposes a new approach to evaluate the odour nuisance of cattle manure samples from three different cattle breeds (i.e., native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow) by means of quantification and speciation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs). To this end, <span class="hlt">non</span>-catalytic esterification thermally induced in the presence of a porous material (silica) was undertaken, and the optimal operational parameters such as the derivatizing temperature (330°C) for the maximum yield (≥99±0.4%) of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acid methyl esters (VFAMEs) were established. Among the VFA species in cattle manure based on quantification of VFAs, the major species were acetic, butyric and valeric acid. Considering the odour threshold of each VFA, our experimental results suggested that the major contributors to odour nuisance were C 4-5 VFA species (i.e., butyric and valeric acid). Hydrothermal treatment was performed at 150°C for 0-40min to correlate the formation of VFAs with different types of cattle feed formulations. Our experimental data demonstrated that the formation of total VFAs is linearly proportional to the hydrothermal treatment duration and the total content of VFAs in native cattle, beef cattle, and milk cow manure samples reached up to ~1000, ~3200, and ~2800ppm, respectively. Thus, this study demonstrated that the degree of VFA formation is highly dependent on cattle feed formulations, which rely significantly on the protein content. Furthermore, the hydrothermal treatment provides a favourable condition for generating more VFAs. In this context, producing cattle manure into refused derived fuel (RDF) via a hydrothermal treatment is not a viable option to control odour. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695561','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26695561"><span>Multi-floor cascading ferroelectric nanostructures: multiple data writing-based multi-level <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hyun, Seung; Kwon, Owoong; Lee, Bom-Yi; Seol, Daehee; Park, Beomjin; Lee, Jae Yong; Lee, Ju Hyun; Kim, Yunseok; Kim, Jin Kon</p> <p>2016-01-21</p> <p>Multiple data writing-based multi-level <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory has gained strong attention for next-generation memory devices to quickly accommodate an extremely large number of data bits because it is capable of storing multiple data bits in a single memory cell at once. However, all previously reported devices have failed to store a large number of data bits due to the macroscale cell size and have not allowed fast access to the stored data due to slow single data writing. Here, we introduce a novel three-dimensional multi-floor cascading polymeric ferroelectric nanostructure, successfully operating as an individual cell. In one cell, each floor has its own piezoresponse and the piezoresponse of one floor can be modulated by the bias voltage applied to the other floor, which means simultaneously written data bits in both floors can be identified. This could achieve multi-level memory through a multiple data writing process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9569E..0MS','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9569E..0MS"><span>Inkjet-printing of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic resistive devices and crossbar array structures</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sax, Stefan; Nau, Sebastian; Popovic, Karl; Bluemel, Alexander; Klug, Andreas; List-Kratochvil, Emil J. W.</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Due to the increasing demand for storage capacity in various electronic gadgets like mobile phones or tablets, new types of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices have gained a lot of attention over the last few years. Especially multilevel conductance switching elements based on organic semiconductors are of great interest due to their relatively simple device architecture and their small feature size. Since organic semiconductors combine the electronic properties of inorganic materials with the mechanical characteristics of polymers, this class of materials is suitable for solution based large area device preparation techniques. Consequently, inkjet based deposition techniques are highly capable of facing preparation related challenges. By gradually replacing the evaporated electrodes with inkjet printed silver, the preparation related influence onto device performance parameters such as the ON/OFF ratio was investigated with IV measurements and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Due to the electrode surface roughness the solvent load during the printing of the top electrode as well as organic layer inhomogeneity's the utilization in array applications is hampered. As a prototypical example a 1diode-1resistor element and a 2×2 subarray from 5×5 array matrix were fully characterized demonstrating the versatility of inkjet printing for device preparation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AtmEn..43.3630B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AtmEn..43.3630B"><span>Modelling pesticide <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> after soil application using the mechanistic model Volt'Air</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bedos, Carole; Génermont, Sophie; Le Cadre, Edith; Garcia, Lucas; Barriuso, Enrique; Cellier, Pierre</p> <p></p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> of pesticides participates in atmospheric contamination and affects environmental ecosystems including human welfare. Modelling at relevant time and spatial scales is needed to better understand the complex processes involved in pesticide <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. Volt'Air-Pesticides has been developed following a two-step procedure to study pesticide <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> at the field scale and at a quarter time step. Firstly, Volt'Air-NH 3 was adapted by extending the initial transfer of solutes to pesticides and by adding specific calculations for physico-chemical equilibriums as well as for the degradation of pesticides in soil. Secondly, the model was evaluated in terms of 3 pesticides applied on bare soil (atrazine, alachlor, and trifluralin) which display a wide range of <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> rates. A sensitivity analysis confirmed the relevance of tuning to K h. Then, using Volt'Air-Pesticides, environmental conditions and emission fluxes of the pesticides were compared to fluxes measured under 2 environmental conditions. The model fairly well described water temporal dynamics, soil surface temperature, and energy budget. Overall, Volt'Air-Pesticides estimates of the order of magnitude of the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> flux of all three compounds were in good agreement with the field measurements. The model also satisfactorily simulated the decrease in the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> rate of the three pesticides during night-time as well as the decrease in the soil surface <span class="hlt">residue</span> of trifluralin before and after incorporation. However, the timing of the maximum flux rate during the day was not correctly described, thought to be linked to an increased adsorption under dry soil conditions. Thanks to Volt'Air's capacity to deal with pedo-climatic conditions, several existing parameterizations describing adsorption as a function of soil water content could be tested. However, this point requires further investigation. Practically speaking, Volt'Air-Pesticides can be a useful tool to make</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204520','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21204520"><span>Aging of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls in muck soil: <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, bioaccessibility, and degradation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wong, Fiona; Bidleman, Terry F</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>An organic rich muck soil which is highly contaminated with native organochlorine pesticide (OCs) was spiked with known amounts of (13)C-labeled OCs and nonlabeled polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Spiked soils were aged under indoor, outdoor, and sterile conditions and the change in <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, surrogate bioaccessibility, and degradation of chemicals was monitored periodically over 730 d. <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> was measured using a fugacity meter to characterize the soil-air partition coefficient (K(SA) = C(SOIL)/C(AIR)). The fraction of bioaccessible <span class="hlt">residues</span> was estimated by comparing recoveries of chemical with a mild extractant, hydroxylpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPCD) vs a harsh extractant, DCM. K(SA) of the spiked OCs in the nonsterile (Indoor, Outdoor) soils were initially lower and approached the K(SA) of native OCs over time, showing reduction of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> upon aging. HPCD extractability of spiked OCs and PCBs were negatively correlated with K(SA), which suggests that <span class="hlt">volatility</span> can be used as a surrogate for bioaccessibility. Degradation of endosulfans, PCB 8 and 28 was observed in the nonsterile soils, and (13)C(6)-α-HCH showed selective degradation of the (+) enantiomer. Enantiomer fractions (EF) in air and HPCD extracts were lower than in nonsterile soils, suggesting greater sequestering of the (+) enantiomer in the soil during microbial degradation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SSEle..51..585R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007SSEle..51..585R"><span>Extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient in floating gate <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memories: Statistical study of the effect of mismatching between floating gate memory and reference transistor in dummy cell extraction methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rafhay, Quentin; Beug, M. Florian; Duane, Russell</p> <p>2007-04-01</p> <p>This paper presents an experimental comparison of dummy cell extraction methods of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient for floating gate <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory structures from different geometries and technologies. These results show the significant influence of mismatching floating gate devices and reference transistors on the extraction of the gate capacitance coupling coefficient. In addition, it demonstrates the accuracy of the new bulk bias dummy cell extraction method and the importance of the β function, introduced recently in [Duane R, Beug F, Mathewson A. Novel capacitance coupling coefficient measurement methodology for floating gate <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices. IEEE Electr Dev Lett 2005;26(7):507-9], to determine matching pairs of floating gate memory and reference transistor.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170002033&hterms=Organic+Chemical&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DOrganic%2BChemical','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170002033&hterms=Organic+Chemical&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DOrganic%2BChemical"><span>MATRIX-VBS (v1.0): Implementing an Evolving Organic Aerosol <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> in an Aerosol Microphysics Model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gao, Chloe Y.; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Bauer, Susanne E.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The gas-particle partitioning and chemical aging of semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic aerosol are presented in a newly developed box model scheme, where its effect on the growth, composition, and mixing state of particles is examined. The <span class="hlt">volatility</span>-basis set (VBS) framework is implemented into the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state), which resolves mass and number aerosol concentrations and in multiple mixing-state classes. The new scheme, MATRIX-VBS, has the potential to significantly advance the representation of organic aerosols in Earth system models by improving upon the conventional representation as <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> particulate organic matter, often also with an assumed fixed size distribution. We present results from idealized cases representing Beijing, Mexico City, a Finnish forest, and a southeastern US forest, and investigate the evolution of mass concentrations and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> distributions for organic species across the gas and particle phases, as well as assessing their mixing state among aerosol populations. Emitted semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> primary organic aerosols evaporate almost completely in the intermediate-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> range, while they remain in the particle phase in the low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> range. Their <span class="hlt">volatility</span> distribution at any point in time depends on the applied emission factors, oxidation by OH radicals, and temperature. We also compare against parallel simulations with the original scheme, which represented only the particulate and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> component of the organic aerosol, examining how differently the condensed-phase organic matter is distributed across the mixing states in the model. The results demonstrate the importance of representing organic aerosol as a semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> aerosol, and explicitly calculating the partitioning of organic species between the gas and particulate phases.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007RaPC...76.1869S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007RaPC...76.1869S"><span>Effects of gamma irradiation on the yields of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> extracts of Angelica gigas Nakai</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seo, Hye-Young; Kim, Jun-Hyoung; Song, Hyun-Pa; Kim, Dong-Ho; Byun, Myung-Woo; Kwon, Joog-Ho; Kim, Kyong-Su</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>The study was carried out to determine the effects of gamma irradiation on the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> flavor components including essential oils, of Angelica gigas Nakai. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds from <span class="hlt">non</span>- and irradiated A. gigas Nakai at doses of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 kGy were extracted by a simultaneous steam distillation and extraction (SDE) method and identified by GC/MS analysis. A total of 116 compounds were identified and quantified from <span class="hlt">non</span>- and irradiated A. gigas Nakai. The major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds were identified 2,4,6-trimethyl heptane, α-pinene, camphene, α-limonene, β-eudesmol, α-murrolene and sphatulenol. Among these compounds, the amount of essential oils in <span class="hlt">non</span>-irradiated sample were 77.13%, and the irradiated samples at doses of 1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 kGy were 84.98%, 83.70%, 83.94%, 82.84% and 82.58%, respectively. Oxygenated terpenes such as β-eudesmol, α-eudesmol, and verbenone were increased after irradiation but did not correlate with the irradiation dose. The yields of active substances such as essential oil were increased after irradiation; however, the yields of essential oils and the irradiation dose were not correlated. Thus, the profile of composition <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> of A. gigas Nakai did not change with irradiation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312430','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29312430"><span>The Ratio between Field Attractive and Background <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> Encodes Host-Plant Recognition in a Specialist Moth.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Knudsen, Geir K; Norli, Hans R; Tasin, Marco</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> emitted by plants convey an array of information through different trophic levels. Animals such as host-seeking herbivores encounter plumes with filaments from both host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants. While studies showed a behavioral effect of <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants on herbivore host location, less information is available on how a searching insect herbivore perceives and flies upwind to a host-plant odor plume within a background of <span class="hlt">non</span>-host <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. We hypothesized here that herbivorous insects in search of a host-plant can discriminate plumes of host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants and that the taxonomic relatedness of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-host have an effect on finding the host. We also predicted that the ratio between certain plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> is cognized as host-plant recognition cue by a receiver herbivorous insect. To verify these hypotheses we measured the wind tunnel response of the moth Argyresthia conjugella to the host plant rowan, to <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants taxonomically related (Rosaceae, apple and pear) or unrelated to the host (Pinaceae, spruce) and to binary combination of host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> were collected from all plant combinations and delivered to the test insect via an ultrasonic sprayer as an artificial plume. While the response to the rowan as a plant was not affected by the addition of any of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants, the attraction to the corresponding sprayed headspace decreased when pear or apple but not spruce were added to rowan. A similar result was measured toward the odor exiting a jar where freshly cut plant material of apple or pear or spruce was intermixed with rowan. Dose-response gas-chromatography coupled to electroantennography revealed the presence of seven field attractive and seven background <span class="hlt">non</span>-attractive antennally active compounds. Although the abundance of field attractive and of some background <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> decreased in all dual combinations in comparison with rowan alone, an increased amount of the background compounds (3E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3662701','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3662701"><span>“Gate-keeper” <span class="hlt">Residues</span> and Active-Site Rearrangements in DNA Polymerase μ Help Discriminate <span class="hlt">Non</span>-cognate Nucleotides</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Yunlang; Schlick, Tamar</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Incorporating the cognate instead of <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate substrates is crucial for DNA polymerase function. Here we analyze molecular dynamics simulations of DNA polymerase μ (pol μ) bound to different <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate incoming nucleotides including A:dCTP, A:dGTP, A(syn):dGTP, A:dATP, A(syn):dATP, T:dCTP, and T:dGTP to study the structure-function relationships involved with aberrant base pairs in the conformational pathway; while a pol μ complex with the A:dTTP base pair is available, no solved <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate structures are available. We observe distinct differences of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate systems compared to the cognate system. Specifically, the motions of active-site <span class="hlt">residue</span> His329 and Asp330 distort the active site, and Trp436, Gln440, Glu443 and Arg444 tend to tighten the nucleotide-binding pocket when <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate nucleotides are bound; the latter effect may further lead to an altered electrostatic potential within the active site. That most of these “gate-keeper” <span class="hlt">residues</span> are located farther apart from the upstream primer in pol μ, compared to other X family members, also suggests an interesting relation to pol μ's ability to incorporate nucleotides when the upstream primer is not paired. By examining the correlated motions within pol μ complexes, we also observe different patterns of correlations between <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate systems and the cognate system, especially decreased interactions between the incoming nucleotides and the nucleotide-binding pocket. Altered correlated motions in <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate systems agree with our recently proposed hybrid conformational selection/induced-fit models. Taken together, our studies propose the following order for difficulty of <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate system insertions by pol μ: T:dGTP<A(syn):dATP<T:dCTP<A:dGTP<A(syn):dGTP<A:dCTP<A:dATP. This sequence agrees with available kinetic data for <span class="hlt">non</span>-cognate nucleotide insertions, with the exception of A:dGTP, which may be more sensitive to the template sequence. The structures and conformational aspects</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25279289','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25279289"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> main memory management methods based on a file system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Oikawa, Shuichi</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>There are upcoming <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> (NV) memory technologies that provide byte addressability and high performance. PCM, MRAM, and STT-RAM are such examples. Such NV memory can be used as storage because of its data persistency without power supply while it can be used as main memory because of its high performance that matches up with DRAM. There are a number of researches that investigated its uses for main memory and storage. They were, however, conducted independently. This paper presents the methods that enables the integration of the main memory and file system management for NV memory. Such integration makes NV memory simultaneously utilized as both main memory and storage. The presented methods use a file system as their basis for the NV memory management. We implemented the proposed methods in the Linux kernel, and performed the evaluation on the QEMU system emulator. The evaluation results show that 1) the proposed methods can perform comparably to the existing DRAM memory allocator and significantly better than the page swapping, 2) their performance is affected by the internal data structures of a file system, and 3) the data structures appropriate for traditional hard disk drives do not always work effectively for byte addressable NV memory. We also performed the evaluation of the effects caused by the longer access latency of NV memory by cycle-accurate full-system simulation. The results show that the effect on page allocation cost is limited if the increase of latency is moderate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969554','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25969554"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> organic compounds as <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasive markers for plant phenotyping.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Niederbacher, B; Winkler, J B; Schnitzler, J P</p> <p>2015-09-01</p> <p>Plants emit a great variety of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) that can actively participate in plant growth and protection against biotic and abiotic stresses. VOC emissions are strongly dependent on environmental conditions; the greatest ambiguity is whether or not the predicted change in climate will influence and modify plant-pest interactions that are mediated by VOCs. The constitutive and induced emission patterns between plant genotypes, species, and taxa are highly variable and can be used as pheno(chemo)typic markers to distinguish between different origins and provenances. In recent years significant progress has been made in molecular and genetic plant breeding. However, there is actually a lack of knowledge in functionally linking genotypes and phenotypes, particularly in analyses of plant-environment interactions. Plant phenotyping, the assessment of complex plant traits such as growth, development, tolerance, resistance, etc., has become a major bottleneck, and quantitative information on genotype-environment relationships is the key to addressing major future challenges. With increasing demand to support and accelerate progress in breeding for novel traits, the plant research community faces the need to measure accurately increasingly large numbers of plants and plant traits. In this review article, we focus on the promising outlook of VOC phenotyping as a fast and <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasive measure of phenotypic dynamics. The basic principle is to define plant phenotypes according to their disease resistance and stress tolerance, which in turn will help in improving the performance and yield of economically relevant plants. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3793454','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3793454"><span>Effect of <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Surgical Periodontal Therapy on the Concentration of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Sulfur Compound in Mouth Air of a Group of Nigerian Young Adults</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ehizele, AO; Akhionbare, O</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Background: The major goal of <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy is to reduce or eliminate the subgingival pathogenic microbial flora that is known to be associated with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds (VSC). Aim: The aim of this study was, therefore, to determine the effect of <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy on the concentration of VSC in mouth air of young adults. Subjects and Methods: Four hundred subjects, grouped into two based on the absence or presence of periodontal diseases, were involved in this study. Basic periodontal examination was used for the grouping. The measurement of the concentration of the VSC in the mouth air of the subjects was done objectively, using the Halimeter, before and after the therapy, and at recall visits 2 weeks and 6 weeks after therapy. Chi-square and Paired t-test were used to find statistical significance. Results: The results revealed that at baseline, 78.7% (48/61) of the subjects who had VSC concentration more than 250 parts per billion (ppb) were from the group with periodontal disease. Immediately after <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy, only 8.5% (17/200) of the subjects with periodontal disease had VSC concentration of more than 250 ppb while all the subjects with no periodontal disease had VSC concentration less than 181 ppb. The same pattern of reduction in the concentration of the VSC and improvement in oral hygiene was also obtained 2 weeks and 6 weeks after therapy. Conclusion: It can be concluded that <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical periodontal therapy brought about reduction in the concentration of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds in mouth air of young adults. PMID:24116328</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014727','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1014727"><span>Proboscis extension reflex platform for <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatiles</span> detection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Wingo, Robert M.; McCabe, Kirsten J.; Haarmann, Timothy K.</p> <p></p> <p>The present invention provides an apparatus for the detection of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals using the olfactory abilities of honey bees that are trained to respond to the presence of a specific chemical in a sample of gas with the proboscis extension reflex (PER). In particular, the geometry and arrangement of the parts of the apparatus are such that the amount of surface area in contact with the sample of gas prior to its introduction to the bees is minimized to improve the detection of particular <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> that have a tendency to "stick" to contacting surfaces, especially certainmore » chemicals associated with explosives and narcotics. According to another aspect of the present invention, a pre-concentrating means is incorporated with the device to effectively increase the concentration of "sticky" chemicals presented to the insects.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.........2J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhDT.........2J"><span>Investigation of High-k Dielectrics and Metal Gate Electrodes for <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Memory Applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jayanti, Srikant</p> <p></p> <p>Due to the increasing demand of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> flash memories in the portable electronics, the device structures need to be scaled down drastically. However, the scalability of traditional floating gate structures beyond 20 nm NAND flash technology node is uncertain. In this regard, the use of metal gates and high-k dielectrics as the gate and interpoly dielectrics respectively, seem to be promising substitutes in order to continue the flash scaling beyond 20nm. Furthermore, research of novel memory structures to overcome the scaling challenges need to be explored. Through this work, the use of high-k dielectrics as IPDs in a memory structure has been studied. For this purpose, IPD process optimization and barrier engineering were explored to determine and improve the memory performance. Specifically, the concept of high-k / low-k barrier engineering was studied in corroboration with simulations. In addition, a novel memory structure comprising a continuous metal floating gate was investigated in combination with high-k blocking oxides. Integration of thin metal FGs and high-k dielectrics into a dual floating gate memory structure to result in both <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> modes of operation has been demonstrated, for plausible application in future unified memory architectures. The electrical characterization was performed on simple MIS/MIM and memory capacitors, fabricated through CMOS compatible processes. Various analytical characterization techniques were done to gain more insight into the material behavior of the layers in the device structure. In the first part of this study, interfacial engineering was investigated by exploring La2O3 as SiO2 scavenging layer. Through the silicate formation, the consumption of low-k SiO2 was controlled and resulted in a significant improvement in dielectric leakage. The performance improvement was also gauged through memory capacitors. In the second part of the study, a novel memory structure consisting of continuous metal FG</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......217C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014PhDT.......217C"><span>Analysis and implementation of PM sampling methodology protocols to aid in the development of an ARP (aerospace recommended practice) for aircraft <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> PM measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Catron, Brian Lowell</p> <p></p> <p>Due to the growing concerns that particulate matter (PM) have on health and the environment, there is a need to include mass and number <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> PM measurements to current jet engine certification. This thesis looks at the necessary work required to help produce recommendations and perform background research to aid in the creation of an improved Aerospace Recommended Practice (ARP) (by the SAE E-31 Committee). This work addressed the following issues. The investigation began in the Missouri S&T Center of Excellence for Aerospace Particulate Emissions Reduction Research (COE) laboratory with an examination of the jet engine surrogate used, the miniCAST, as well as integrating it into the COE's PM measurement system. A clean PM sample line was aged by running a PM source through it until a steady state signal was measured by the instruments in order to make a recommended procedure for line conditioning as well as reconditioning. Several eductors were studied for their performance characteristics and compared against desired characteristics, which suggested a need to include a pressure relief valve to cap the sample pressure at the eductor entrance. A <span class="hlt">volatile</span> particle remover (VPR) was studied for penetration and ability to remove <span class="hlt">volatile</span> material. A prototype E-31 system was setup at the second alternative aviation fuel experiment (AAFEX II), which provided a direct comparison of probe tip dilution and downstream dilution and found comparable results when line loss was taken into account. Also performed at AAFEX II was a study that compared measured sample line penetration with theoretical calculations finding that theoretical calculations were an accurate alternative of measuring line loss. Two PM sampling systems were setup at an ARP demonstration and both system had similar results for both number and mass measurement. An instrument comparison was also performed that included an examination of condensation particle counter (CPC) cutoff size. It was also</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/245328-mass-flow-volatile-organic-liquid-mixture-soils','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/245328-mass-flow-volatile-organic-liquid-mixture-soils"><span>Mass flow of a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic liquid mixture in soils</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gerstl, Z.; Galin, Ts.; Yaron, B.</p> <p>1994-05-01</p> <p>The flow of kerosene, a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic liquid mixture (VOLM), was studied in loam and clay soils and in a medium sand. The kerosene <span class="hlt">residual</span> capacity and conductivity were determined for all three media at different initial moisture contents and with kerosene of different compositions. The kerosene conductivity of the soil was found to be strongly influenced by the soil texture and initial moisture content as well as by the kerosene composition. The kerosene conductivity of the sand was two orders of magnitude greater than that of the soils and was unaffected by initial moisture contents as high as fieldmore » capacity. The kerosene conductivity of the loam soil was similar in oven dry and air dry soils, but increased significantly in soils at 70% and fun field capacity due to the Yuster effect. In the clay soil the kerosene conductivity of the air dry sod was four times that of the oven dry sod and increased somewhat in the soil at 70% field capacity. No kerosene flow was observed in the oven dry soil at full field capacity. The differences in kerosene conductivity in these soils and the effect of moisture content were attributed to the different pore-sin distributions of the soil& Changes in the composition of the kerosene due to <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of the light fractions resulted in increased viscosity of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> kerosene. This increased viscosity affected the fluid properties of kerosene, which resulted in decreased kerosene conductivity in the sand and the soils. 29 refs., 4 figs., 4 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2935118','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2935118"><span>Food price <span class="hlt">volatility</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gilbert, C. L.; Morgan, C. W.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The high food prices experienced over recent years have led to the widespread view that food price <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has increased. However, <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has generally been lower over the two most recent decades than previously. Variability over the most recent period has been high but, with the important exception of rice, not out of line with historical experience. There is weak evidence that grains price <span class="hlt">volatility</span> more generally may be increasing but it is too early to say. PMID:20713400</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040142036&hterms=climate+exchange&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bexchange','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040142036&hterms=climate+exchange&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bexchange"><span>Martian stable isotopes: <span class="hlt">volatile</span> evolution, climate change and exobiological implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Jakosky, B. M.</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>Measurements of the ratios of stable isotopes in the martian atmosphere and crust provide fundamental information about the evolution of the martian <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and climate system. Current best estimates of the isotope ratios indicate that there has been substantial loss of gases to space and exchange of gases between the atmosphere and the crust throughout geologic time; exchange may have occurred through circulation of water in hydrothermal systems. Processes of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> evolution and exchange will fractionate the isotopes in a manner that complicates the possible interpretation of isotopic data in terms of any fractionation that may have been caused by martian biota, and must be understood first. Key measurements are suggested that will enhance our understanding of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-biological fractionation of the isotopes and of the evolution of the martian <span class="hlt">volatile</span> system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830012610','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830012610"><span>Conference on Planetary <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hrametz, K.; Kofler, L.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>Initial and present <span class="hlt">volatile</span> inventories and distributions in the Earth, other planets, meteorites, and comets; observational evidence on the time history of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> transfer among reservoirs; and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in planetary bodies, their mechanisms of transport, and their relation to thermal, chemical, geological and biological evolution were addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982hout.conf....9H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982hout.conf....9H"><span>Conference on Planetary <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hrametz, K.; Kofler, L.</p> <p>1982-10-01</p> <p>Initial and present <span class="hlt">volatile</span> inventories and distributions in the Earth, other planets, meteorites, and comets; observational evidence on the time history of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> transfer among reservoirs; and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in planetary bodies, their mechanisms of transport, and their relation to thermal, chemical, geological and biological evolution were addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982LPICo.488.....P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982LPICo.488.....P"><span>Conference on Planetary <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pepin, R. O.; Oconnell, R.</p> <p></p> <p>Initial and present <span class="hlt">volatile</span> inventories and distributions in the Earth, other planets, meteorites, and comets; observational evidence on the time history of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> transfer among reservoirs; and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in planetary bodies, their mechanisms of transport, and their relation to thermal, chemical, geological and biological evolution are addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830019667','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19830019667"><span>Conference on Planetary <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Pepin, R. O. (Compiler); Oconnell, R. (Compiler)</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>Initial and present <span class="hlt">volatile</span> inventories and distributions in the Earth, other planets, meteorites, and comets; observational evidence on the time history of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> transfer among reservoirs; and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in planetary bodies, their mechanisms of transport, and their relation to thermal, chemical, geological and biological evolution are addressed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347157','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24347157"><span>An overview of plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics, sample treatment and reporting considerations with emphasis on mechanical damage and biological control of weeds.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beck, John J; Smith, Lincoln; Baig, Nausheena</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The technology for the collection and analysis of plant-emitted <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> for understanding chemical cues of plant-plant, plant-insect or plant-microbe interactions has increased over the years. Consequently, the in situ collection, analysis and identification of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> are considered integral to elucidation of complex plant communications. Due to the complexity and range of emissions the conditions for consistent emission of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> are difficult to standardise. To discuss: evaluation of emitted <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolites as a means of screening potential target- and <span class="hlt">non</span>-target weeds/plants for insect biological control agents; plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics to analyse resultant data; importance of considering <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from damaged plants; and use of a database for reporting experimental conditions and results. Recent literature relating to plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics are summarised to provide a basic understanding of how metabolomics can be applied to the study of plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. An overview of plant secondary metabolites, plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics, analysis of plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics data and the subsequent input into a database, the roles of plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emission as a function of treatment, and the application of plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolomics to biological control of invasive weeds. It is recommended that in addition to a <span class="hlt">non</span>-damaged treatment, plants be damaged prior to collecting <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> to provide the greatest diversity of odours. For the model system provided, optimal <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emission occurred when the leaf was punctured with a needle. Results stored in a database should include basic environmental conditions or treatments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AdSpR..20.2009S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997AdSpR..20.2009S"><span>Evaluation of an anaerobic digestion system for processing CELSS crop <span class="hlt">residues</span> for resource recovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Strayer, R. F.; Finger, B. W.; Alazraki, M. P.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Three bioreactors, connected in series, were used to process CELSS potato <span class="hlt">residues</span> for recovery of resources. The first stage was an anaerobic digestor (8 L working volume; cow rumen contents inoculum; fed-batch; 8 day retention time; feed rate 25 gdw day^-1) that converted 33% of feed (dry weight loss) to CO_2 and ``<span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids'' (vfa, 83:8:8 mmolar ratio acetic:propionic:butyric). High nitrate-N in the potato <span class="hlt">residue</span> feed was absent in the anaerobic effluent, with a high portion converted to NH_4^+-N and the remainder unaccounted and probably lost to denitrification and NH_4^+ <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. Liquid anaerobic effluent was fed to an aerobic, yeast biomass production vessel (2 L volume; Candida ingens inoculum; batch [pellicle] growth; 2 day retention time) where the VFAs and some NH_4^+-N were converted into yeast biomass. Yeast yields accounted for up to 8% of potato <span class="hlt">residue</span> fed into the anaerobic bioreactor. The third bioreactor (0.5 L liquid working volume; commercial nitrifier inoculum; packed-bed biofilm; continuous yeast effluent feed; recirculating; constant volume; 2 day hydraulic retention time) was used to convert successfully the remaining NH_4^+-N into nitrate-N (preferred form of N for CELSS crop production) and to remove the remaining degradable soluble organic carbon. Effluents from the last two stages were used for partial replenishment of minerals for hydroponic potato production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990014243&hterms=Cow&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DCow','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990014243&hterms=Cow&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3DCow"><span>Evaluation of an Anaerobic Digestion System for Processing CELSS Crop <span class="hlt">Residues</span> for Resource Recovery</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Strayer, R. F.; Finger, B. W.; Alazraki, M. P.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Three bioreactors, connected in series, were used to process CELSS potato <span class="hlt">residues</span> for recovery of resources. The first stage was an anaerobic digestor (8 L working volume; cow rumen contents inoculum; fed-batch; 8 day retention time; feed rate 25 gdw/day) that converted 33% of feed (dry weight loss) to CO2 and "<span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids" (vfa, 83:8:8 mmolar ratio acetic:propionic:butyric). High nitrate-N in the potato <span class="hlt">residue</span> feed was absent in the anaerobic effluent, with a high portion converted to NH4(+)-N and the remainder unaccounted and probably lost to denitrification and NH4(+) <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. Liquid anaerobic effluent was fed to an aerobic, yeast biomass production vessel (2 L volume; Candida ingens inoculum; batch [pellicle] growth; 2 day retention time) where the VFAs and some NH4(+)-N were converted into yeast biomass. Yeast yields accounted for up to 8% of potato <span class="hlt">residue</span> fed into the anaerobic bioreactor. The third bioreactor (0.5 L liquid working volume; commercial nitrifier inoculum; packed-bed biofilm; continuous yeast effluent feed; recirculating; constant volume; 2 day hydraulic retention time) was used to convert successfully the remaining NH4(+)-N into nitrate-N (preferred form of N for CELSS crop production) and to remove the remaining degradable soluble organic carbon. Effluents from the last two stages were used for partial replenishment of minerals for hydroponic potato production.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4344208','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4344208"><span>How <span class="hlt">Volatilities</span> Nonlocal in Time Affect the Price Dynamics in Complex Financial Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tan, Lei; Zheng, Bo; Chen, Jun-Jie; Jiang, Xiong-Fei</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>What is the dominating mechanism of the price dynamics in financial systems is of great interest to scientists. The problem whether and how <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> affect the price movement draws much attention. Although many efforts have been made, it remains challenging. Physicists usually apply the concepts and methods in statistical physics, such as temporal correlation functions, to study financial dynamics. However, the usual <span class="hlt">volatility</span>-return correlation function, which is local in time, typically fluctuates around zero. Here we construct dynamic observables nonlocal in time to explore the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>-return correlation, based on the empirical data of hundreds of individual stocks and 25 stock market indices in different countries. Strikingly, the correlation is discovered to be <span class="hlt">non</span>-zero, with an amplitude of a few percent and a duration of over two weeks. This result provides compelling evidence that past <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> nonlocal in time affect future returns. Further, we introduce an agent-based model with a novel mechanism, that is, the asymmetric trading preference in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and stable markets, to understand the microscopic origin of the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>-return correlation nonlocal in time. PMID:25723154</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2070.6030M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2070.6030M"><span>Endogenous Lunar <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McCubbin, F. M.; Liu, Y.; Barnes, J. J.; Anand, M.; Boyce, J. W.; Burney, D.; Day, J. M. D.; Elardo, S. M.; Hui, H.; Klima, R. L.; Magna, T.; Ni, P.; Steenstra, E.; Tartèse, R.; Vander Kaaden, K. E.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>This abstract discusses numerous outstanding questions on the topic of endogenous lunar <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> that will need to be addressed in the coming years. Although substantial insights into endogenous lunar <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> have been gained, more work remains.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23108151','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23108151"><span>Metabolism by grasshoppers of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemical constituents from Mangifera indica and Solanum paniculatum leaves.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ramos, Clécio S; Ramos, Natália S M; Da Silva, Rodolfo R; Da Câmara, Cláudio A G; Almeida, Argus V</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>The chemical <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from plant leaves and their biological activities have been extensively studied. However, no studies have addressed plant-chemical <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> after undergoing the digestive process in host insects. Here we describe for the first time chemical profiles of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> constituents from Solanum paniculatum and Mangifera indica leaves metabolized by grasshoppers. Both profiles were qualitatively and quantitatively different from the profiles of <span class="hlt">non</span>-metabolized leaves. The amount of nerolidol, the major constituent of S. paniculatum leaves, decreased and other sesquiterpenes, such as spathulenol, were formed during the digestive process of the grasshopper Chromacris speciosa. In M. indica, the presence of phenylpropanoids was observed (dillapiole, Z-asarone, E-asarone and γ-asarone) in the leaves metabolized by the grasshopper Tropidacris collaris, but these compounds were not found in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-metabolized leaves. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25763628"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> interaction between undamaged plants affects tritrophic interactions through changed plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emission.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Vucetic, Andja; Dahlin, Iris; Petrovic-Obradovic, Olivera; Glinwood, Robert; Webster, Ben; Ninkovic, Velemir</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> interactions between unattacked plants can lead to changes in their <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions. Exposure of potato plants to onion plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> results in increased emission of 2 terpenoids, (E)-nerolidol and TMTT. We investigated whether this is detectable by the ladybird Coccinella septempunctata. The odor of onion-exposed potato was significantly more attractive to ladybirds than that of unexposed potato. Further, a synthetic blend mimicking the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of onion-exposed potato was more attractive than a blend mimicking that of unexposed potato. When presented individually, TMTT was attractive to ladybirds whereas (E)-nerolidol was repellent. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> exchange between unattacked plants and consequent increased attractiveness for ladybirds may be a mechanism that contributes to the increased abundance of natural enemies in complex plant habitats.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160011123','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160011123"><span>Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Extraction (RESOLVE): Lunar Advanced <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Analysis (LAVA) Integration and Testing - Evaluation of Lee Valve</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bower, Hannah; Cryderman, Kate; Captain, Janine</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The Resource Prospector (RP) mission with the Regolith and Environment Science and Oxygen and Lunar <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Extraction (RESOLVE) payload will prospect for water within the lunar regolith and provide a proof of concept for In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) techniques, which could be used on future lunar and Martian missions. One system within the RESOLVE payload is the Lunar Advanced <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> Analysis (LAVA) subsystem, which consists of a Fluid Sub System (FSS) that transports <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> to the Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) instrument. In order for the FSS to transport precise and accurate amounts of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> to the GC-MS instrumentation, high performance valves are used within the system. The focus of this investigation is to evaluate the redesigned Lee valve. Further work is needed to continue to evaluate the Lee valve. Initial data shows that the valve could meet our requirements however further work is required to raise the TRL to an acceptable level to be included in the flight design of the system. At this time the risk is too high to change our baseline design to include these <span class="hlt">non</span>-latching Lee solenoid valves.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.138...15B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AtmEn.138...15B"><span>A refined method for the calculation of the <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Methane <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Organic Compound emission estimate from Domestic Solvent Usage in Ireland from 1992 to 2014 - A case study for Ireland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barry, Stephen; O'Regan, Bernadette</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>This study describes a new methodology to calculate <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Methane <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Organic Compounds from Domestic Solvent Use including Fungicides over the period 1992-2014. Improved emissions data compiled at a much more refined level can help policy-makers develop more effective policy's to address environmental issues. However, a number of problems were found when member states attempt to use national statistics for Domestic Solvent Use including Fungicides. For instance, EMEP/EEA (2013) provides no guidance regarding which activity data should be used, resulting in emission estimates being potentially inconsistent and un-comparable. Also, previous methods and emission factors described in the EMEP/EEA (2013) guidebook do not exactly match data collected by state agencies. This makes using national statistics difficult. In addition, EMEP/EEA (2013) use broader categories than necessary (e.g. Cosmetics Aerosol/<span class="hlt">Non</span> Aerosol) to estimate emissions while activity data is available at a more refined level scale (e.g. Personal Cleaning Products, Hair Products, Cosmetics, Deodorants and Perfumes). This can make identifying the drivers of emissions unclear. This study builds upon Tzanidakis et al. (2012) whereby it provides a method for collecting activity data from state statistics, developed country specific emission factors based on a survey of 177 Irish products and importantly, used a new method to account for the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of organic compounds found in commonly available domestic solvent containing products. This is the first study to account for <span class="hlt">volatility</span> based on the characteristics of organic compounds and therefore is considered a more accurate method of accounting for emissions from this emission source. The results of this study can also be used to provide a simple method for other member parties to account for the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of organic compounds using sectorial adjustment factors described here. For comparison purposes, emission estimates were calculated using the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922003','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26922003"><span>Solid state anaerobic co-digestion of tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> with dairy manure and corn stover for biogas production.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yangyang; Li, Yu; Zhang, Difang; Li, Guoxue; Lu, Jiaxin; Li, Shuyan</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Solid-state anaerobic co-digestion of tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> with dairy manure and corn stover was conducted at 20% total solids under 35°C for 45days. Results showed digestion of mixed tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> with dairy manure and corn stover improved methane yields. The highest VS reduction (46.2%) and methane yield (415.4L/kg VSfeed) were achieved with the ternary mixtures of 33% corn stover, 54% dairy manure, and 13% tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span>, lead to a 0.5-10.2-fold higher than that of individual feedstocks. Inhibition of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs) to biogas production occurred when more than 40% tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> were added. The results indicated that ternary mixtures diluted the inhibitors that would otherwise cause inhibition in the digestion of tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> as a mono-feedstock. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...860..150H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...860..150H"><span>On the Impact Origin of Phobos and Deimos. IV. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Depletion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hyodo, Ryuki; Genda, Hidenori; Charnoz, Sébastien; Pignatale, Francesco C. F.; Rosenblatt, Pascal</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Recent works have shown that the Martian moons Phobos and Deimos may have accreted within a giant impact-generated disk whose composition is about an equal mixture of Martian material and impactor material. Just after the giant impact, the Martian surface heated up to ∼3000–6000 K and the building blocks of moons, including <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich vapor, were heated up to ∼2000 K. In this paper, we investigate the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss from the building blocks of Phobos and Deimos by hydrodynamic escape of vapor and radiation pressure on condensed particles. We show that a <span class="hlt">non</span>-negligible amount of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (>10% of the vapor with temperature >1000 K via hydrodynamic escape, and moderately <span class="hlt">volatile</span> dusts that condense at ∼700–2000 K via radiation pressure) could be removed just after the impact during their first single orbit from their pericenters to apocenters. Our results indicate that bulk Phobos and Deimos are depleted in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements. Together with future explorations such as the Japan Aerospace eXploration Agency’s Martian Moons eXploration mission, our results could be used to constrain the origin of Phobos and Deimos.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150002835','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150002835"><span>Origin of <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> in Earth: Indigenous Versus Exogenous Sources Based on Highly Siderophile, <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Siderophile, and Light <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Elements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Righter, K.; Danielson, L.; Pando, K. M.; Marin, N.; Nickodem, K.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Origin of Earth's <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> has traditionally been ascribed to late accretion of material after major differentiation events - chondrites, comets, ice or other exogenous sources. A competing theory is that the Earth accreted its <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> as it was built, thus water and other building blocks were present early and during differentiation and core formation (indigenous). Here we discuss geochemical evidence from three groups of elements that suggests Earth's <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were acquired during accretion and did not require additional sources after differentiation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4683202','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4683202"><span><span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> in Inter-Specific Bacterial Interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Tyc, Olaf; Zweers, Hans; de Boer, Wietse; Garbeva, Paolina</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The importance of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds for functioning of microbes is receiving increased research attention. However, to date very little is known on how inter-specific bacterial interactions effect <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> production as most studies have been focused on <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> produced by monocultures of well-described bacterial genera. In this study we aimed to understand how inter-specific bacterial interactions affect the composition, production and activity of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Four phylogenetically different bacterial species namely: Chryseobacterium, Dyella, Janthinobacterium, and Tsukamurella were selected. Earlier results had shown that pairwise combinations of these bacteria induced antimicrobial activity in agar media whereas this was not the case for monocultures. In the current study, we examined if these observations were also reflected by the production of antimicrobial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Thus, the identity and antimicrobial activity of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> produced by the bacteria were determined in monoculture as well in pairwise combinations. Antimicrobial activity of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> was assessed against fungal, oomycetal, and bacterial model organisms. Our results revealed that inter-specific bacterial interactions affected <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> blend composition. Fungi and oomycetes showed high sensitivity to bacterial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> whereas the effect of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on bacteria varied between no effects, growth inhibition to growth promotion depending on the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> blend composition. In total 35 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds were detected most of which were sulfur-containing compounds. Two commonly produced sulfur-containing <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds (dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide) were tested for their effect on three target bacteria. Here, we display the importance of inter-specific interactions on bacterial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> production and their antimicrobial activities. PMID:26733959</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5b6301S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MRE.....5b6301S"><span>Electrical and ferroelectric properties of RF sputtered PZT/SBN on silicon for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory applications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Singh, Prashant; Jha, Rajesh Kumar; Singh, Rajat Kumar; Singh, B. R.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>We report the integration of multilayer ferroelectric film deposited by RF magnetron sputtering and explore the electrical characteristics for its application as the gate of ferroelectric field effect transistor for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memories. PZT (Pb[Zr0.35Ti0.65]O3) and SBN (SrBi2Nb2O9) ferroelectric materials were selected for the stack fabrication due to their large polarization and fatigue free properties respectively. Electrical characterization has been carried out to obtain memory window, leakage current density, PUND and endurance characteristics. Fabricated multilayer ferroelectric film capacitor structure shows large memory window of 17.73 V and leakage current density of the order 10-6 A cm-2 for the voltage sweep of -30 to +30 V. This multilayer gate stack of PZT/SBN shows promising endurance property with no degradation in the remnant polarization for the read/write iteration cycles upto 108.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGP43B0989H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGP43B0989H"><span>On the cause of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-Gaussian distribution of <span class="hlt">residuals</span> in geomagnetism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hulot, G.; Khokhlov, A.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>To describe errors in the data, Gaussian distributions naturally come to mind. In many practical instances, indeed, Gaussian distributions are appropriate. In the broad field of geomagnetism, however, it has repeatedly been noted that <span class="hlt">residuals</span> between data and models often display much sharper distributions, sometimes better described by a Laplace distribution. In the present study, we make the case that such <span class="hlt">non</span>-Gaussian behaviors are very likely the result of what is known as mixture of distributions in the statistical literature. Mixtures arise as soon as the data do not follow a common distribution or are not properly normalized, the resulting global distribution being a mix of the various distributions followed by subsets of the data, or even individual datum. We provide examples of the way such mixtures can lead to distributions that are much sharper than Gaussian distributions and discuss the reasons why such mixtures are likely the cause of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-Gaussian distributions observed in geomagnetism. We also show that when properly selecting sub-datasets based on geophysical criteria, statistical mixture can sometimes be avoided and much more Gaussian behaviors recovered. We conclude with some general recommendations and point out that although statistical mixture always tends to sharpen the resulting distribution, it does not necessarily lead to a Laplacian distribution. This needs to be taken into account when dealing with such <span class="hlt">non</span>-Gaussian distributions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.tmp.1122Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MNRAS.tmp.1122Z"><span>Effect of Grain Size on Differential Desorption of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Species and on <span class="hlt">Non</span>-ideal MHD Diffusivity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhao, Bo; Caselli, Paola; Li, Zhi-Yun</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>We developed a chemical network for modeling the chemistry and <span class="hlt">non</span>-ideal MHD effects from the collapsing dense molecular clouds to protostellar disks. First, we re-formulated the cosmic-ray desorption rate by considering the variations of desorption rate over the grain size distribution. We find that the differential desorption of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> species is amplified by the grains larger than 0.1 μm, because larger grains are heated to a lower temperature by cosmic-rays and hence more sensitive to the variations in binding energies. As a result, atomic nitrogen N is ˜2 orders of magnitude more abundant than CO; N2H+ also becomes a few times more abundant than HCO+ due to the increased gas-phase N2. However, the changes in ionization fraction due to freeze-out and desorption only have minor effects on the <span class="hlt">non</span>-ideal MHD diffusivities. Our chemical network confirms that the very small grains (VSGs: below a few 100 Å) weakens the efficiency of both ambipolar diffusion and Hall effect. In collapsing dense cores, a maximum ambipolar diffusion is achieved when truncating the MRN size distribution at 0.1 μm, and for a maximum Hall effect, the truncation occurs at 0.04 μm. We conclude that the grain size distribution is crucial to the differential depletion between CO and N2 related molecules, as well as to the <span class="hlt">non</span>-ideal MHD diffusivities in dense cores.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040089889&hterms=fermentation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dfermentation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040089889&hterms=fermentation&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dfermentation"><span>Anaerobic degradation of inedible crop <span class="hlt">residues</span> produced in a Controlled Ecological Life Support System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Schwingel, W. R.; Sager, J. C.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>An anaerobic reactor seeded with organisms from an anaerobic lagoon was used to study the degradation of inedible crop <span class="hlt">residues</span> from potato and wheat crops grown in a closed environment. Conversion of this biomass into other products was also evaluated. Degradation of wheat <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids was about 25% where that of potato was about 50%. The main product of the anaerobic fermentation of both crops was acetic acid with smaller quantities of propionate and butyrate produced. Nitrate, known to be high in concentration in inedible potato and wheat biomass grown hydroponically, was converted to ammonia in the anaerobic reactor. Both <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acid and ammonia production may have implications in a crop production system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6866058','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6866058"><span>Dirt feedlot <span class="hlt">residue</span> experiments. Quarterly progress report, December 1977--March 1978</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Turk, M.</p> <p>1978-04-01</p> <p>Performance of the mobile fermentation system is reported. It made use of aged pen <span class="hlt">residue</span> at the nominal loading rate of 0.25 lbs. <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids/ft./sup 3//day with a 10-day retention time and a fermentation temperature of 57/sup 0/C. Results of an experimental cattle feeding trial utilizing the protein in the fermentor liquid effluent as a replacement for standard protein supplements were encouraging. The evaluation of the capture efficiency of the system centrifuge both with and without a chemical flocculant was completed. An experimental cattle feeding trial utilizing the protein fermentation product (PFP) harvested by the centrifuge as replacement for themore » standard protein supplementwas initiated. The characterization of the cattle <span class="hlt">residues</span> found in various cattle pens, feedlots, and locations was continued. An investigation was initiated into methods of separating the organic content of the feedlot <span class="hlt">residue</span> from the sand and grit content. (JGB)« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JIEIE..95..105A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014JIEIE..95..105A"><span>Evaluation of Methane from Sisal Leaf <span class="hlt">Residue</span> and Palash Leaf Litter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Arisutha, S.; Baredar, P.; Deshpande, D. M.; Suresh, S.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The aim of this study is to evaluate methane production from sisal leaf <span class="hlt">residue</span> and palash leaf litter mixed with different bulky materials such as vegetable market waste, hostel kitchen waste and digested biogas slurry in a laboratory scale anaerobic reactor. The mixture was prepared with 1:1 proportion. Maximum methane content of 320 ml/day was observed in the case of sisal leaf <span class="hlt">residue</span> mixed with vegetable market waste as the feed. Methane content was minimum (47 ml/day), when palash leaf litter was used as feed. This was due to the increased content of lignin and polyphenol in the feedstock which were of complex structure and did not get degraded directly by microorganisms. Sisal leaf <span class="hlt">residue</span> mixtures also showed highest content of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs) as compared to palash leaf litter mixtures. It was observed that VFA concentration in the digester first increased, reached maximum (when pH was minimum) and then decreased.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5744616','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5744616"><span>The Ratio between Field Attractive and Background <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> Encodes Host-Plant Recognition in a Specialist Moth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Knudsen, Geir K.; Norli, Hans R.; Tasin, Marco</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> emitted by plants convey an array of information through different trophic levels. Animals such as host-seeking herbivores encounter plumes with filaments from both host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants. While studies showed a behavioral effect of <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants on herbivore host location, less information is available on how a searching insect herbivore perceives and flies upwind to a host-plant odor plume within a background of <span class="hlt">non</span>-host <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. We hypothesized here that herbivorous insects in search of a host-plant can discriminate plumes of host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants and that the taxonomic relatedness of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-host have an effect on finding the host. We also predicted that the ratio between certain plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> is cognized as host-plant recognition cue by a receiver herbivorous insect. To verify these hypotheses we measured the wind tunnel response of the moth Argyresthia conjugella to the host plant rowan, to <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants taxonomically related (Rosaceae, apple and pear) or unrelated to the host (Pinaceae, spruce) and to binary combination of host and <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> were collected from all plant combinations and delivered to the test insect via an ultrasonic sprayer as an artificial plume. While the response to the rowan as a plant was not affected by the addition of any of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-host plants, the attraction to the corresponding sprayed headspace decreased when pear or apple but not spruce were added to rowan. A similar result was measured toward the odor exiting a jar where freshly cut plant material of apple or pear or spruce was intermixed with rowan. Dose-response gas-chromatography coupled to electroantennography revealed the presence of seven field attractive and seven background <span class="hlt">non</span>-attractive antennally active compounds. Although the abundance of field attractive and of some background <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> decreased in all dual combinations in comparison with rowan alone, an increased amount of the background compounds (3E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28488994','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28488994"><span>Establishing and maintaining the National Vaccination Register in Finland.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baum, Ulrike; Sundman, Jonas; Jääskeläinen, Susanna; Nohynek, Hanna; Puumalainen, Taneli; Jokinen, Jukka</p> <p>2017-04-27</p> <p>Computerised, population-based vaccination registers are valuable tools for assessing the vaccine uptake and impact in populations. However, reliable impact assessment is only possible if the data quality can be reviewed and monitored continuously. This report describes the establishment and maintenance of the National Vaccination Register (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) in Finland. Currently, the <span class="hlt">NVR</span> covers nationwide records of vaccinations given within the frame of the National Vaccination Programme since 2009. All vaccinations registered in the <span class="hlt">NVR</span> contain a record of the personal identity code, the administered vaccine, and the date of vaccination. The vaccine lot number is the key component for recording and identifying vaccinations, because of its broad availability across patient information systems and its importance in vaccine safety monitoring. Vaccination records are accumulated and updated daily into the <span class="hlt">NVR</span>, and their completeness is monitored monthly to assess deficiencies in data entry and data collection. Additionally, an alert system reports unexpected changes in data accumulation prompting the validation of observed changes in vaccination coverage. The presented process documentation may serve as basis to improve the design and quality of other vaccination or healthcare registers and aims to inspire the set-up of vaccination registers in those countries which still do not have one. This article is copyright of The Authors, 2017.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27077537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27077537"><span>Glyphosate fate in soils when arriving in plant <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mamy, Laure; Barriuso, Enrique; Gabrielle, Benoît</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>A significant fraction of pesticides sprayed on crops may be returned to soils via plant <span class="hlt">residues</span>, but its fate has been little documented. The objective of this work was to study the fate of glyphosate associated to plants <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Oilseed rape was used as model plant using two lines: a glyphosate-tolerant (GT) line and a <span class="hlt">non</span>-GT one, considered as a crucifer weed. The effects of different fragmentation degrees and placements in soil of plant <span class="hlt">residues</span> were tested. A control was set up by spraying glyphosate directly on the soil. The mineralization of glyphosate in soil was slower when incorporated into plant <span class="hlt">residues</span>, and the amounts of extractable and <span class="hlt">non</span>-extractable glyphosate <span class="hlt">residues</span> increased. Glyphosate availability for mineralization increased when the size of plant <span class="hlt">residues</span> decreased, and as the distribution of plant <span class="hlt">residues</span> in soil was more homogeneous. After 80 days of soil incubation, extractable (14)C-<span class="hlt">residues</span> mostly involved one metabolite of glyphosate (AMPA) but up to 2.6% of initial (14)C was still extracted from undecayed leaves as glyphosate. Thus, the trapping of herbicides in plant materials provided a protection against degradation, and crops <span class="hlt">residues</span> returns may increase the persistence of glyphosate in soils. This pattern appeared more pronounced for GT crops, which accumulated more <span class="hlt">non</span>-degraded glyphosate in their tissues. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1136169','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1136169"><span>A Compute Capable SSD Architecture for Next-Generation <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Memories</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>De, Arup</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Existing storage technologies (e.g., disks and ash) are failing to cope with the processor and main memory speed and are limiting the overall perfor- mance of many large scale I/O or data-intensive applications. Emerging fast byte-addressable <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) technologies, such as phase-change memory (PCM), spin-transfer torque memory (STTM) and memristor are very promising and are approaching DRAM-like performance with lower power con- sumption and higher density as process technology scales. These new memories are narrowing down the performance gap between the storage and the main mem- ory and are putting forward challenging problems on existing SSD architecture, I/O interfacemore » (e.g, SATA, PCIe) and software. This dissertation addresses those challenges and presents a novel SSD architecture called XSSD. XSSD o oads com- putation in storage to exploit fast NVMs and reduce the redundant data tra c across the I/O bus. XSSD o ers a exible RPC-based programming framework that developers can use for application development on SSD without dealing with the complication of the underlying architecture and communication management. We have built a prototype of XSSD on the BEE3 FPGA prototyping system. We implement various data-intensive applications and achieve speedup and energy ef- ciency of 1.5-8.9 and 1.7-10.27 respectively. This dissertation also compares XSSD with previous work on intelligent storage and intelligent memory. The existing ecosystem and these new enabling technologies make this system more viable than earlier ones.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JCHyd...5..375G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1990JCHyd...5..375G"><span>Soil pollution by petroleum products, III. Kerosene stability in soil columns as affected by <span class="hlt">volatilization</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Galin, Ts.; Gerstl, Z.; Yaron, B.</p> <p>1990-05-01</p> <p>The stability of kerosene in soils as affected by volatization was determined in a laboratory column experiment by following the losses in the total concentration and the change in composition of the <span class="hlt">residuals</span> in a dune sand, a loamy sand, and a silty loam soil during a 50-day period. Seven major compounds ranging between C 9 and C 15 were selected from a large variety of hydrocarbons forming kerosene and their presence in the remaining petroleum product was determined. The change in composition of kerosene during the experimental period was determined by gas chromatography and related to the seven major compounds selected. The experimental conditions — air-dairy soil and no subsequent addition of water—excluded both biodegradative and leaching. losses. The losses of kerosene in air-dried soil columns during the 50-day experimental period and the changes in the composition of the remaining <span class="hlt">residues</span> due to <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> are reported. The <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of all the components determined was greater from the dune sand and loamy sand soils than from the silty loam soil. It was assumed that the reason for this behavior was that the dune sand and the loamy sand soils contain a greater proportion of large pores (>4.5 μm) than the silty loam soil, even though the total porosity of the loamy sand and the silty loam is similar. In all the soils in the experiment, the components with a high carbon number formed the main fraction of the kerosene <span class="hlt">residues</span> after 50 days of incubation.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21889635','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21889635"><span>Metabolomic approach for determination of key <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds related to beef flavor in glutathione-Maillard reaction products.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Sang Mi; Kwon, Goo Young; Kim, Kwang-Ok; Kim, Young-Suk</p> <p>2011-10-10</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted analysis, combining gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) and sensory evaluation, was applied to investigate the relationship between <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds and the sensory attributes of glutathione-Maillard reaction products (GSH-MRPs) prepared under different reaction conditions. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds in GSH-MRPs correlating to the sensory attributes were determined using partial least-squares (PLS) regression. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds such as 2-methylfuran-3-thiol, 3-sulfanylpentan-2-one, furan-2-ylmethanethiol, 2-propylpyrazine, 1-furan-2-ylpropan-2-one, 1H-pyrrole, 2-methylthiophene, and 2-(furan-2-ylmethyldisulfanylmethyl)furan could be identified as possible key contributors to the beef-related attributes of GSH-MRPs. In this study, we demonstrated that the unbiased <span class="hlt">non</span>-targeted analysis based on metabolomic approach allows the identification of key <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds related to beef flavor in GSH-MRPs. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA589733','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA589733"><span><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> Measurements Applied to Information Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Measuring and forecasting <span class="hlt">volatility</span> through historical <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and a normal distribution provides a <span class="hlt">volatility</span> expectation from which managers can...been argued as more accurate alternative to historical <span class="hlt">volatility</span> (Ederington & Guan, 2006). Other alternatives include the daily squared returns...Ederington, L. H., & Guan, W. (2006). Measuring historical <span class="hlt">volatility</span> . Journal of Applied Finance, 16(1), 5–14. Retrieved from http</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150072','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26150072"><span>High glucose recovery from direct enzymatic hydrolysis of bisulfite-pretreatment on <span class="hlt">non</span>-detoxified furfural <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xing, Yang; Bu, Lingxi; Sun, Dafeng; Liu, Zhiping; Liu, Shijie; Jiang, Jianxin</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>This study reports four schemes to pretreat wet furfural <span class="hlt">residues</span> (FRs) with sodium bisulfite for production of fermentable sugar. The results showed that <span class="hlt">non</span>-detoxified FRs (pH 2-3) had great potential to lower the cost of bioconversion. The optimal process was that unwashed FRs were first pretreated with bisulfite, and the whole slurry was then directly used for enzymatic hydrolysis. A maximum glucose yield of 99.4% was achieved from substrates pretreated with 0.1 g NaHSO3/g dry substrate (DS), at a relatively low temperature of 100 °C for 3 h. Compared with raw material, enzymatic hydrolysis at a high-solid of 16.5% (w/w) specifically showed more excellent performance with bisulfite treated FRs. Direct bisulfite pretreatment improved the accessibility of substrates and the total glucose recovery. Lignosulfonate in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-detoxified slurry decreased the <span class="hlt">non</span>-productive adsorption of cellulase on the substrate, thus improving enzymatic hydrolysis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920013197','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19920013197"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span>, high density, high speed, Micromagnet-Hall effect Random Access Memory (MHRAM)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Wu, Jiin C.; Katti, Romney R.; Stadler, Henry L.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>The micromagnetic Hall effect random access memory (MHRAM) has the potential of replacing ROMs, EPROMs, EEPROMs, and SRAMs because of its ability to achieve <span class="hlt">non-volatility</span>, radiation hardness, high density, and fast access times, simultaneously. Information is stored magnetically in small magnetic elements (micromagnets), allowing unlimited data retention time, unlimited numbers of rewrite cycles, and inherent radiation hardness and SEU immunity, making the MHRAM suitable for ground based as well as spaceflight applications. The MHRAM device design is not affected by areal property fluctuations in the micromagnet, so high operating margins and high yield can be achieved in large scale integrated circuit (IC) fabrication. The MHRAM has short access times (less than 100 nsec). Write access time is short because on-chip transistors are used to gate current quickly, and magnetization reversal in the micromagnet can occur in a matter of a few nanoseconds. Read access time is short because the high electron mobility sensor (InAs or InSb) produces a large signal voltage in response to the fringing magnetic field from the micromagnet. High storage density is achieved since a unit cell consists only of two transistors and one micromagnet Hall effect element. By comparison, a DRAM unit cell has one transistor and one capacitor, and a SRAM unit cell has six transistors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApPhL.104c3101N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014ApPhL.104c3101N"><span>High performance <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> ferroelectric copolymer memory based on a ZnO nanowire transistor fabricated on a transparent substrate</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nedic, Stanko; Tea Chun, Young; Hong, Woong-Ki; Chu, Daping; Welland, Mark</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>A high performance ferroelectric <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory device based on a top-gate ZnO nanowire (NW) transistor fabricated on a glass substrate is demonstrated. The ZnO NW channel was spin-coated with a poly (vinylidenefluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (P(VDF-TrFE)) layer acting as a top-gate dielectric without buffer layer. Electrical conductance modulation and memory hysteresis are achieved by a gate electric field induced reversible electrical polarization switching of the P(VDF-TrFE) thin film. Furthermore, the fabricated device exhibits a memory window of ˜16.5 V, a high drain current on/off ratio of ˜105, a gate leakage current below ˜300 pA, and excellent retention characteristics for over 104 s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12835063','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12835063"><span>Effect of saponification on the anaerobic digestion of solid fatty <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mouneimne, A H; Carrère, H; Bernet, N; Delgenès, J P</p> <p>2003-10-01</p> <p>In France, fatty <span class="hlt">residues</span> considered as "<span class="hlt">non</span>-ultimate" waste will not be accepted in landfill from 2002, in accordance with French legislation. Anaerobic digestion appears as an alternative process to mobilize and profitably use such fermentable waste. In this work, the effect of an alkaline pretreatment on the degradation of hexane extractible matter (HEM) and the production of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFAs) was compared in reactors working at pH 6.5 and 8.5. The results obtained showed that 40% (+/- 0.1) of HEM were degraded at pH 8.5 versus 10% (+/- 0.3) at pH 6.5, regardless of the alkali agent used to saponify the greasy wastes. The highest performances of VFA production (8.45% +/- 0.3) were obtained at pH 8.5 with greases saponified by potassium hydroxide, compared to results (4.25% +/- 0.1) with greasy waste saponified by sodium hydroxide. This difference in VFA production might be attributable to biotoxic molecules generated during the saponification of greases by soda, limiting consequently the VFA production process.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890056410&hterms=inventory&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dinventory','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19890056410&hterms=inventory&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3Dinventory"><span>Asteroid <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> inventory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lebofsky, L. A.; Jones, T. D.; Herbert, F.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Asteroids appear in light of telescopic and meteority studies to be the most accessible repositories of early solar system history available. In the cooler regions of the outer asteroid belt, apparently unaffected by severe heating, the C, P, and D populations appear to harbor significant inventories of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>; the larger primordial belt population may have had an even greater percentage of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich, low-albedo asteroids, constituting a potent asteroid for veneering early terrestrial planet atmospheres. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich asteroids contain carbon, structurally bound and adsorbed water, as well as remnants of interstellar material predating the solar system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=243833','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=243833"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> profile of aromatic and <span class="hlt">non</span>-aromatic rice cultivars using SPME/GC-MS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is enjoyed by many people as a staple food because of its flavor and texture. Some cultivars, like scented rice, are preferred over others due to their distinctive aroma and flavor. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of rice has been explored by many investigators, some of whom have also ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=253107','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=253107"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> profile of aromatic and <span class="hlt">non</span>-aromatic rice cultivars using SPME/GC-MS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is enjoyed by many people as a staple food because of its flavor and texture. Some cultivars, like scented rice, are preferred over others due to their distinctive aroma and flavor. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of rice has been explored by many investigators, some of whom have deter...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..500..139T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..500..139T"><span>Bias correction in the realized stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> model for daily <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on the Tokyo Stock Exchange</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Takaishi, Tetsuya</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The realized stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> model has been introduced to estimate more accurate <span class="hlt">volatility</span> by using both daily returns and realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The main advantage of the model is that no special bias-correction factor for the realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is required a priori. Instead, the model introduces a bias-correction parameter responsible for the bias hidden in realized <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. We empirically investigate the bias-correction parameter for realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> calculated at various sampling frequencies for six stocks on the Tokyo Stock Exchange, and then show that the dynamic behavior of the bias-correction parameter as a function of sampling frequency is qualitatively similar to that of the Hansen-Lunde bias-correction factor although their values are substantially different. Under the stochastic diffusion assumption of the return dynamics, we investigate the accuracy of estimated <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> by examining the standardized returns. We find that while the moments of the standardized returns from low-frequency realized <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> are consistent with the expectation from the Gaussian variables, the deviation from the expectation becomes considerably large at high frequencies. This indicates that the realized stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> model itself cannot completely remove bias at high frequencies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60763&keyword=disaster+AND+site&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60763&keyword=disaster+AND+site&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Concentrations of over 60 <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas and Particle Sampler, after the initial destruction of the World Trade Center. The results indicate that ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC13A0949V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFMGC13A0949V"><span>Implications of Climate <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> for Agricultural Commodity Markets in the Presence of Biofuel Mandates</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Verma, M.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.; Hertel, T. W.; Beckman, J.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>In presence of bio-fuels, link between energy and agricultural commodity markets has become more complex. An increase in ethanol production to minimum 15bn gallons a year - Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) and current technically permissible maximum 10% blending limit - Blend Wall (BW); make the link even stronger. If oil prices in future do not rise significantly from their current levels, this minimum production requirement would likely be binding. In such a scenario any fluctuation in crop production will have to be absorbed by the <span class="hlt">non</span>-ethanol usage of the crop and would translate into crop prices adjusting to clear the markets and therefore the commodity prices will be more <span class="hlt">volatile</span>. At high oil prices it is possible that the BW may become binding, severing the link between oil prices and commodity prices as well, potentially leading to higher price <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Hertel and Beckman (2010) find that, with both RFS and BW simultaneously binding, corn price <span class="hlt">volatility</span> due to supply side shocks (which could arise from extreme climate events) could be more than 50% as large as in the absence of bio-fuel policies. So energy markets are important determinants of agricultural commodity price <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. This proposal intends to introduce the increased supply side <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on account of climate change and <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, in the framework. Global warming on account of increased GHG concentrations is expected to increase the intensity and frequency of hot extremes in US (Diffenbaugh et al. 2008) and therefore affect corn yields. With supply shocks expected to increase, binding RFS and BW will exacerbate the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, while if they are <span class="hlt">non</span>-binding then the price changes could be cushioned. We propose to model the impacts of climate changes and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> on commodity prices by linking three main components - a. Projections for change in temperature and precipitation using climate model b. A statistical model to predict impacts of change in climate variable on corn yields in US</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.974a2024L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JPhCS.974a2024L"><span>Finite Volume Method for Pricing European Call Option with Regime-switching <span class="hlt">Volatility</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lista Tauryawati, Mey; Imron, Chairul; Putri, Endah RM</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this paper, we present a finite volume method for pricing European call option using Black-Scholes equation with regime-switching <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In the first step, we formulate the Black-Scholes equations with regime-switching <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. we use a finite volume method based on fitted finite volume with spatial discretization and an implicit time stepping technique for the case. We show that the regime-switching scheme can revert to the <span class="hlt">non</span>-switching Black Scholes equation, both in theoretical evidence and numerical simulations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29656086','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29656086"><span>HIV-1 <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 tropism correlates with a larger size of the cellular viral reservoir and a detectable <span class="hlt">residual</span> viremia in patients under suppressive ART.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lombardi, Francesca; Belmonti, Simone; Rapone, Lucrezia; Borghetti, Alberto; Ciccullo, Arturo; Gagliardini, Roberta; Baldin, Gianmaria; Montagnani, Francesca; Moschese, Davide; Emiliozzi, Arianna; Rossetti, Barbara; De Luca, Andrea; Di Giambenedetto, Simona</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The influence of HIV-1 co-receptor usage on the course of therapy in subjects fully responding to ART has been poorly investigated. To explore the relationship between co-receptor tropism and cellular reservoir size, <span class="hlt">residual</span> viremia and subsequent virological outcome in ART-treated patients with HIV-1 RNA stable <50 copies/mL. Viral co-receptor usage was predicted by viral env DNA sequencing with geno2pheno interpretation (FPR20%) and classified as R5 and <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5. Total blood-associated HIV-1 DNA levels (log 10 copies/10 6 leukocytes) were measured by qRT-PCR (5'LTR). <span class="hlt">Residual</span> plasma viremia was categorized as detectable (1-49 cps/mL) or undetectable (<1 copy/mL). Virological rebounds (any HIV-1 RNA >50 copies/mL) were evaluated over 96 weeks. The study included 116 subjects. Patients with R5 virus (n = 59) and <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 virus (n = 57) were homogeneous for the main characteristics except for the lower nadir CD4 cell count in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 group. Patients with <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 variants showed higher levels of HIV-1 DNA as compared to patients with R5 virus: mean 2.47 (95% CI 2.37-2.56) vs 2.17 (2.08-2.26) (p < 0.001). Moreover, a higher proportion of patients in the <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 group displayed detectable <span class="hlt">residual</span> viremia with respect to the R5-group (54.4% vs 32.2%, p = .016). Detectable <span class="hlt">residual</span> viremia was found to be significantly associated with viral rebounds. The presence of <span class="hlt">non</span>-R5 viral DNA variants is related to a higher probability of <span class="hlt">residual</span> viremia and to a larger size of the cellular viral reservoir in this setting. These data highlight a potential role of viral tropism in the monitoring of HIV-1 infection in virologically controlled subject. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1422781-thermal-pretreatment-high-lignin-ssf-digester-residue-increase-its-softening-point','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1422781-thermal-pretreatment-high-lignin-ssf-digester-residue-increase-its-softening-point"><span>Thermal pretreatment of a high lignin SSF digester <span class="hlt">residue</span> to increase its softening point</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Howe, Daniel; Garcia-Perez, Manuel; Taasevigen, Danny; ...</p> <p>2016-03-24</p> <p><span class="hlt">Residues</span> high in lignin and ash generated from the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of corn stover were thermally pretreated in an inert (N 2) atmosphere to study the effect of time and temperature on their softening points. These <span class="hlt">residues</span> are difficult to feed into gasifiers due to premature thermal degradation and formation of reactive liquids in the feed lines, leading to plugging. The untreated and treated <span class="hlt">residues</span> were characterized by proximate and ultimate analysis, and then analyzed via TGA, DSC, 13C NMR, Py-GC–MS, CHNO/S, and TMA. Interpretation of the compositional analysis indicates that the weight loss observed during pretreatment ismore » mainly due to the thermal decomposition and <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of the hemicelluloses and amorphous cellulose fractions. Fixed carbon increases in the pretreated material, mostly due to a concentration effect rather than the formation of new extra poly-aromatic material. The optimal processing time and temperature to minimize the production of carbonyl groups in the pretreated samples was 300 °C at a time of 30 min. Results showed that the softening point of the material could be increased from 187 °C to 250 °C, and that under the experimental conditions studied, pretreatment temperature plays a more important role than time. The increase in softening point was mainly due to the formation of covalent bonds in the lignin structures and the removal of low molecular weight <span class="hlt">volatile</span> intermediates.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..427..344M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApSS..427..344M"><span>Biologically active nanocomposite of DNA-PbS nanoparticles: A new material for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Murgunde, B. K.; Rabinal, M. K.; Kalasad, M. N.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Composite films of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and lead sulfide (PbS) nanoparticles are prepared to fabricate biological memory devices. A simple solution based electrografting is developed to deposit large (few cm2) uniform films of DNA:PbS on conducting substrates. The films are studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, field emission SEM, FTIR and optical spectroscopy to understand their properties. Charge transport measurements are carried out on ITO-DNA:PbS-metal junctions by cyclic voltage scans, electrical bi-stability is observed with ON/OFF ratio more than ∼104 times with good stability and endurance, such performance being rarely reported. The observed results are interpreted in the light of strong electrostatic binding of nanoparticles and DNA stands, which leads doping of Pb atoms into DNA. As a result, these devices exhibit negative differential resistance (NDR) effect due to oxidation of doped metal atoms. These composites can be the potential materials in the development of new generation <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V33F0583K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.V33F0583K"><span>Sulfur-in-apatite: An indicator of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> evolution during lunar magmatism</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Konecke, B.; Fiege, A.; Simon, A. C.; Holtz, F.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> content of lunar magmas remains controversial despite nearly five decades of interrogating samples from the NASA Apollo missions. Recently, the mineral apatite in lunar mare basalts has been investigated owing to its potential to constrain the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (F, Cl, H, S) budget of magmas [1-3]. The F-Cl-H signatures of lunar apatite were interpreted to record fractional crystallization, with nucleation and growth of apatite from a late-stage, interstitial, nearly anhydrous (<10 μg/g H2O), rhyolitic melt that evolved from a sulfide-undersaturated mare basalt [1]. The enigmatic S signature reported for those apatite grains was not interpreted due to the absence of published thermodynamic (partitioning) data for S. Here, we report new experimentally determined apatite/melt partition coefficients for S (DSap/m) at conditions applicable to lunar systems. The DSap/m values and thermodynamically modeled S content (XS) of lunar <span class="hlt">residual</span> melt were used to constrain plausible S contents of lunar apatite produced by crystal fractionation (Sap = XS * DSap/m). Our results demonstrate that apatite crystallizing under lunar-like conditions from rhyolitic melt cannot obtain the reported 430 μg/g of S [2] by fractional crystallization. The results indicate that 5-35x higher S contents than feasible in sulfide-undersaturated, hydrous and dry rhyolitic melt, respectively, would be required to support crystal fractionation models [1]. Even elevated water concentrations in a sulfide-saturated rhyolitic melt cannot explain the S contents of lunar apatite rims. We propose two plausible scenarios: (A) The necessary concentration of S in rhyolitic melts may be achieved at >5 orders of magnitude higher fO2 (>ΔFMQ+1.2) than reported for lunar magmas, where S6+ is the prevalent oxidation state of S in rhyolitic melt, related to the significant degassing and preferential loss of H2 that drives oxidation of the <span class="hlt">residual</span> melt [4]. (B) The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (F-Cl-H-S) signatures of lunar</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSM.H33C..06B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUSM.H33C..06B"><span>Air Sparging Versus Gas Saturated Water Injection for Remediation of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> LNAPL in the Borden Aquifer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Barker, J.; Nelson, L.; Doughty, C.; Thomson, N.; Lambert, J.</p> <p>2009-05-01</p> <p>In the shallow, rather homogeneous, unconfined Borden sand aquifer, field trials of air sparging (Tomlinson et al., 2003) and pulsed air sparging (Lambert et al., 2009) have been conducted, the latter to remediate a <span class="hlt">residual</span> gasoline source emplaced below the water table. As well, a supersaturated (with CO2) water injection (SWI) technology, using the inVentures inFusion system, has been trialed in two phases: 1. in the uncontaminated sand aquifer to evaluate the radius of influence, extent of lateral gas movement and gas saturation below the water table, and 2. in a sheet pile cell in the Borden aquifer to evaluate the recovery of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> hydrocarbon components (pentane and hexane) of an LNAPL emplaced below the water table (Nelson et al., 2008). The SWI injects water supersaturated with CO2. The supersaturated injected water moves laterally away from the sparge point, releasing CO2 over a wider area than does gas sparging from a single well screen. This presentation compares these two techniques in terms of their potential for remediating <span class="hlt">volatile</span> NAPL components occurring below the water table in a rather homogeneous sand aquifer. Air sparging created a significantly greater air saturation in the vicinity of the sparge well than did the CO2 system (60 percent versus 16 percent) in the uncontaminated Borden aquifer. However, SWI pushed water, still supersaturated with CO2, up to about 2.5 m from the injection well. This would seem to provide a considerable advantage over air sparging from a point, in that gas bubbles are generated at a much larger radius from the point of injection with SWI and so should involve additional gas pathways through a <span class="hlt">residual</span> NAPL. Overall, air sparging created a greater area of influence, defined by measurable air saturation in the aquifer, but air sparging also injected about 12 times more gas than was injected in the SWI trials. The pulsed air sparging at Borden (Lambert et al.) removed about 20 percent (4.6 kg) of gasoline</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=66445&Lab=NERL&keyword=oil+AND+use+AND+climate+AND+change&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=66445&Lab=NERL&keyword=oil+AND+use+AND+climate+AND+change&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Concentrations of over 60 <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas and Particle Sampler, after the initial destruction of the World Trade Center. The results indicate that th...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60054&keyword=disaster+AND+site&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=60054&keyword=disaster+AND+site&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>POLYCYLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS (PAHS) AND OTHER SEMI-<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Concentrations of over 60 <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas an Particle Sampler, after the initial destruction of the World Trade Center. The results indicate that t...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4611499','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4611499"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> affairs in microbial interactions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Schmidt, Ruth; Cordovez, Viviane; de Boer, Wietse; Raaijmakers, Jos; Garbeva, Paolina</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Microorganisms are important factors in shaping our environment. One key characteristic that has been neglected for a long time is the ability of microorganisms to release chemically diverse <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds. At present, it is clear that the blend of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> released by microorganisms can be very complex and often includes many unknown compounds for which the chemical structures remain to be elucidated. The biggest challenge now is to unravel the biological and ecological functions of these microbial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. There is increasing evidence that microbial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> can act as infochemicals in interactions among microbes and between microbes and their eukaryotic hosts. Here, we review and discuss recent advances in understanding the natural roles of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in microbe–microbe interactions. Specific emphasis will be given to the antimicrobial activities of microbial <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and their effects on bacterial quorum sensing, motility, gene expression and antibiotic resistance. PMID:26023873</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhyA..374..773W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhyA..374..773W"><span>Does implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of currency futures option imply <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of exchange rates?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Alan T.</p> <p>2007-02-01</p> <p>By investigating currency futures options, this paper provides an alternative economic implication for the result reported by Stein [Overreactions in the options market, Journal of Finance 44 (1989) 1011-1023] that long-maturity options tend to overreact to changes in the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of short-maturity options. When a GARCH process is assumed for exchange rates, a continuous-time relationship is developed. We provide evidence that implied <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> may not be the simple average of future expected <span class="hlt">volatilities</span>. By comparing the term-structure relationship of implied <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> with the process of the underlying exchange rates, we find that long-maturity options are more consistent with the exchange rates process. In sum, short-maturity options overreact to the dynamics of underlying assets rather than long-maturity options overreacting to short-maturity options.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27154975','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27154975"><span>Influence of steam explosion pretreatment on the anaerobic digestion of vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feng, Jiayu; Zhang, Jiyu; Zhang, Jiafu; He, Yanfeng; Zhang, Ruihong; Liu, Guangqing; Chen, Chang</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> is the by-product in the vinegar production process. The large amount of vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> has caused a serious environmental problem owing to its acidity and corrosiveness. Anaerobic digestion is an effective way to convert agricultural waste into bioenergy, and a previous study showed that vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> could be treated by anaerobic digestion but still had room to improve digestion efficiency. In this study, steam explosion at pressure of 0.8, 1.2, and 1.5 MPa and residence time of 5, 10, 15, and 20 min were used to pretreat vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> to improve methane production, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses were applied to validate structural changes of vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> after steam explosion. Results showed that steam explosion pretreatment could destroy the structure of lignocellulose by removing the hemicellulose and lignin, and improve the methane yield effectively. Steam explosion-treated vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> at 0.8 MPa for 5 min produced the highest methane yield of 153.58 mL gVS (-1), which was 27.65% (significant, α < 0.05) more than untreated vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> (120.31 mL gVS (-1)). The analyses of pH, total ammonia-nitrogen, total alkalinity, and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids showed that steam explosion did not influence the stability of anaerobic digestion. This study suggested that steam explosion pretreatment on vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> might be a promising approach and it is worth further study to improve the efficiency of vinegar <span class="hlt">residue</span> waste utilisation. © The Author(s) 2016.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P54B..05N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.P54B..05N"><span>Origin of the Martian Moons and Their <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Abundances</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nakajima, M.; Canup, R. M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The origin of the Martian moons, Phobos and Deimos, has been actively debated. These moons were initially thought to have been gravitationally captured asteroids given that their spectra appeared to be similar to those of D-type asteroids. However, intact capture is difficult to reconcile with their nearly circular, co-planar orbits. Their orbits may be better explained by recent dynamical studies that suggest that the moons may have instead formed from a disk generated by a large impact, as was likely the case for Earth's Moon. Phobos and Deimos' bulk <span class="hlt">volatile</span> contents, which are currently very uncertain, would also provide key constraints on their origin. If the moons were captured, their bulk compositions may be similar to those of asteroids, and their sub-surfaces could be <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich. We are here exploring the implications of the alternative impact origin on the moon <span class="hlt">volatile</span> abundances. We perform numerical simulations to estimate the extent of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss from the moon-forming ejecta produced by a large impact with Mars. We find that hydrogen and water vapor escape hydrodynamically from the disk, leading to moons with dry, hydrogen-depleted bulk compositions. It is thus possible that the moons' mode of origin may be determined by knowledge of their <span class="hlt">volatile</span> contents, because detection of a substantial (<span class="hlt">non</span>-exogenically delivered) water content would argue strongly against formation by impact. JAXA's Martian Moons eXploration Mission (MMX) will conduct detailed remote sensing of the moons, including a gamma ray and neutron spectrometer that will for the first time probe their sub-surface elemental compositions, and will return samples from Phobos for laboratory analysis. This should allow for characterization of the moon <span class="hlt">volatile</span> abundances. We also discuss that the inferred high porosities of these moons could be explained if they are rubble piles formed during accretion from impact-produced ejecta.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587024','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23587024"><span>Commercial-scale utilization of greenhouse <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Maroušek, Josef; Kondo, Yoshikazu; Ueno, Masami; Kawamitsu, Yoshinobu</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Development of techniques utilizing waste without any additional energy or rare catalysts is a starting point for becoming sustainable. In the present work, the complex utilization of greenhouse <span class="hlt">residues</span> was studied on a commercial scale. Only the energy produced by the process (8%) was used to run the technology, thanks to multilevel heat recuperation and high methane yields (over 340 m(3) <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid t(-1) ). Manifestations of labile carbon in relation to available nitrogen, methane yields, and the formation of inhibitors were investigated in detail. The results sweep away many false beliefs about the ratios of carbon to nitrogen and highlight the role of the availability of carbon in phytomass utilization. © 2013 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........42G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhDT........42G"><span>Shrinkage Behavior of Polystyrene-based Foam Molded Parts Depending on <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Matter Content and Other Factors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ghafafian, Carineh</p> <p></p> <p>Polymer foam materials play a large role in the modern world. Expanded polystyrene (EPS) bead foam is a lightweight, low density, and good thermal and acoustic insulating material whose properties make it attractive for a number of applications, especially as building insulation. However, EPS also experiences post-molding shrinkage; it shrinks dimensionally from its molded size after processing. This means parts must be stored in warehouses until they are considered stable by the industry standard, DIN EN 1603. This often takes 11--18 weeks and is thus very timely and expensive. This study aims to decrease the post-molding shrinkage time of EPS foam by understanding the mechanisms of shrinkage behavior. Samples were split into two groups based on their amount of initial <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter content and storage conditions, then compared to a control group. Based on thermogravimetric analysis and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> matter content and composition was found to not be the sole contributor to EPS foam dimensional stability. <span class="hlt">Residual</span> stress testing was done with the hole drilling method and Raman spectroscopy. As this type of testing has not been done with polymer foams before, the aim was to see if either method could reliably produce <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress values. Both methods measured <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress values with unknown accuracy. All samples stored at a higher temperature (60°C) reached dimensional stability by the end of this study. Thus, air diffusion into EPS foam, encouraged by the high temperature storage, was found to play a significant role in post-molding shrinkage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235809','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26235809"><span><span class="hlt">Residual</span> Defect Density in Random Disks Deposits.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Topic, Nikola; Pöschel, Thorsten; Gallas, Jason A C</p> <p>2015-08-03</p> <p>We investigate the <span class="hlt">residual</span> distribution of structural defects in very tall packings of disks deposited randomly in large channels. By performing simulations involving the sedimentation of up to 50 × 10(9) particles we find all deposits to consistently show a <span class="hlt">non</span>-zero <span class="hlt">residual</span> density of defects obeying a characteristic power-law as a function of the channel width. This remarkable finding corrects the widespread belief that the density of defects should vanish algebraically with growing height. A <span class="hlt">non</span>-zero <span class="hlt">residual</span> density of defects implies a type of long-range spatial order in the packing, as opposed to only local ordering. In addition, we find deposits of particles to involve considerably less randomness than generally presumed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7971E..2CL','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011SPIE.7971E..2CL"><span>Process solutions for reducing PR <span class="hlt">residue</span> over <span class="hlt">non</span>-planar wafer</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lin, C. H.; Huang, C. H.; Yang, Elvis; Yang, T. H.; Chen, K. C.; Lu, Chih-Yuan</p> <p>2011-03-01</p> <p>SAS (Self-Aligned Source) process has been widely adopted on manufacturing NOR Flash devices. To form the SAS structure, the compromise between small space patterning and sufficiently removing photo resist <span class="hlt">residue</span> in topographical substrate has been a critical challenge as the device scaling down. In this study, photo simulation, layout optimization, resist processing and tri-layer materials were evaluated to form defect-free and highly extendible SAS structure for NOR Flash devices. Photo simulation suggested more coherent light source allowed the incident light to reach the trench bottom that facilitates the removal of photo resist. Mask bias also benefited the process latitude extension for <span class="hlt">residue</span>-free SAS printing. In the photo resist processing, both lowering the SB (Soft Bake) and raising PEB (Post-Exposure Bake) temperature of photo resist were helpful to broaden the process window but the final pattern profile was not good enough. Thermal flow for pos-exposure pattern shrinkage achieved small CD (Critical Dimension) patterning with <span class="hlt">residue</span>-free, however the materials loading effect is another issue to be addressed at memory array boundary. Tri-layer scheme demonstrated good results in terms of free from <span class="hlt">residue</span>, better substrate reflectivity control, enabling smaller space printing to loosen overlay specification and minimizing the poly gate clipping defect. It was finally proposed to combine with etch effort to from the SAS structure. Besides it is also promising to extend to even smaller technology nodes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644988','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28644988"><span>Effect of marbling on <span class="hlt">volatile</span> generation, oral breakdown and in mouth flavor release of grilled beef.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frank, Damian; Kaczmarska, Kornelia; Paterson, Janet; Piyasiri, Udayasika; Warner, Robyn</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>While the positive effect of intramuscular fat (IMF) on beef tenderness is well-established, its role in flavor generation and flavor release is less defined. To increase understanding, real-time <span class="hlt">volatile</span> generation was monitored during grilling of beefsteaks (grass and grain-fed Angus and grass-fed Wagyu) with different amounts of IMF by proton transfer reaction mass spectrometry. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> concentration increased significantly (p<0.001) when the IMF was >~10%, but did not differ (p>0.05) at lower IMF levels (5.2-10.2%). In vivo release of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> during consumption of grilled steaks was also measured using human subjects. Pre- and postswallow <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release profiles varied according to marbling level and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fat solubility. In-mouth release of key hydrophilic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> was significantly greater (p<0.05) in high IMF grilled beef, consistent with more intense sensory flavor. Faster oral breakdown and higher peak saliva concentrations of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> flavor compounds in high IMF grilled beef were consistent with higher tenderness and more intense flavor perception. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23098901','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23098901"><span>Variation in the chemical composition of cone <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> within the African cycad genus Encephalartos.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Suinyuy, Terence N; Donaldson, John S; Johnson, Steven D</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> play a key role in attraction of pollinators to cycad cones, but the extent to which <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemistry varies among cycad species is still poorly documented. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> composition of male and female cones of nineteen African cycad species (Encephalartos; Zamiaceae) was analysed using headspace technique and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 152 compounds were identified among the species included in this study, the most common of which were monoterpenes, nitrogen-containing compounds and unsaturated hydrocarbons. Male and female cones emitted similar <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds which varied in relative amounts with two unsaturated hydrocarbons (3E)-1,3-octadiene and (3E,5Z)-1,3,5-octatriene present in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of most species. In a multivariate analysis of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profiles using <span class="hlt">non</span>-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), a number of species clusters were identified according to shared emission of unsaturated hydrocarbons, pyrazines, benzenoids, aldehydes, alkanes and terpenoids. In comparison, terpenoids are common in Zamia and dominant in Macrozamia species (both in the family Zamiaceae) while benzenoids, esters, and alcohols are dominant in Cycas (Cycadaceae) and in Stangeria (Stangeriaceae). It is likely that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> variation among Encephalartos species reflects both phylogeny and adaptations to specific beetle pollinators. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4910672','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4910672"><span>Brain Injury Alters <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Metabolome</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cohen, Akiva S.; Gordon, Amy R.; Opiekun, Maryanne; Martin, Talia; Elkind, Jaclynn; Lundström, Johan N.; Beauchamp, Gary K.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Chemical signals arising from body secretions and excretions communicate information about health status as have been reported in a range of animal models of disease. A potential common pathway for diseases to alter chemical signals is via activation of immune function—which is known to be intimately involved in modulation of chemical signals in several species. Based on our prior findings that both immunization and inflammation alter <span class="hlt">volatile</span> body odors, we hypothesized that injury accompanied by inflammation might correspondingly modify the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolome to create a signature endophenotype. In particular, we investigated alteration of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolome as a result of traumatic brain injury. Here, we demonstrate that mice could be trained in a behavioral assay to discriminate mouse models subjected to lateral fluid percussion injury from appropriate surgical sham controls on the basis of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> urinary metabolites. Chemical analyses of the urine samples similarly demonstrated that brain injury altered urine <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profiles. Behavioral and chemical analyses further indicated that alteration of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolome induced by brain injury and alteration resulting from lipopolysaccharide-associated inflammation were not synonymous. Monitoring of alterations in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> metabolome may be a useful tool for rapid brain trauma diagnosis and for monitoring recovery. PMID:26926034</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5658000','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5658000"><span>Inhalation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics via a laryngeal mask is associated with lower incidence of intraoperative awareness in <span class="hlt">non</span>-critically ill patients</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Wang, Jen-Huang; Hsieh, Shiu-Ying; Huang, Shian-Che</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background Increased incidence of intraoperative awareness was reported in critically ill patients during major operations, particularly under total intravenous (TIVA) or endotracheal general anesthesia (ETGA). However, the incidence and effect of anesthesia techniques on awareness in generally healthy, <span class="hlt">non</span>-critically ill patients during operations have yet to receive significant attention. Methods and results This retrospective matched case-control study was conducted between January 2009 to December 2014. Surgical patients (ASA physical status I-III) whom reported intraoperative awareness during this study period were interviewed and their medical records were reviewed. The potential risk factors for awareness were compared with the <span class="hlt">non</span>-case matched controls, who were randomly selected from the database. A total of 61436 patients were included and 16 definite cases of intraoperative awareness were identified. Patients who received ETGA and TIVA had significantly higher incidence of developing awareness compared to those who were anesthetized using laryngeal masks (LMA) (P = 0.03). Compared with the matched controls (n = 80), longer anesthesia time was associated with increased incidence of awareness (odds ratio 2.04; 95% CI 1.30–3.20, per hour increase). Perioperative use of muscle relaxant was also associated with increased incidence of awareness, while significantly lower incidence of awareness was found in patients who were anesthetized with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics. Conclusions The overall incidence of awareness was 0.023% in the ASA≤ III surgical patients who received general anesthesia. Anesthesia with a laryngeal mask under spontaneous ventilation and supplemented with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics may be the preferred anesthesia technique in generally healthy patients in order to provide a lower risk of intraoperative awareness. PMID:29073151</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852166','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23852166"><span>Advances in fruit aroma <span class="hlt">volatile</span> research.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>El Hadi, Muna Ahmed Mohamed; Zhang, Feng-Jie; Wu, Fei-Fei; Zhou, Chun-Hua; Tao, Jun</p> <p>2013-07-11</p> <p>Fruits produce a range of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds that make up their characteristic aromas and contribute to their flavor. Fruit <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds are mainly comprised of esters, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, terpenoids and apocarotenoids. Many factors affect <span class="hlt">volatile</span> composition, including the genetic makeup, degree of maturity, environmental conditions, postharvest handling and storage. There are several pathways involved in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> biosynthesis starting from lipids, amino acids, terpenoids and carotenoids. Once the basic skeletons are produced via these pathways, the diversity of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> is achieved via additional modification reactions such as acylation, methylation, oxidation/reduction and cyclic ring closure. In this paper, we review the composition of fruit aroma, the characteristic aroma compounds of several representative fruits, the factors affecting aroma <span class="hlt">volatile</span>, and the biosynthetic pathways of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> aroma compounds. We anticipate that this review would provide some critical information for profound research on fruit aroma components and their manipulation during development and storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812367K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..1812367K"><span>Metallic elements fractionation in municipal solid waste incineration <span class="hlt">residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kowalski, Piotr R.; Kasina, Monika; Michalik, Marek</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) <span class="hlt">residues</span> are represented by three main materials: bottom ash, fly ash and air pollution control (APC) <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Among them ˜80 wt% is bottom ash. All of that materials are products of high temperature (>1000° C) treatment of waste. Incineration process allows to obtain significant reduction of waste mass (up to 70%) and volume (up to 90%) what is commonly used in waste management to reduce the amount need to be landfilled or managed in other way. Incineration promote accumulation <span class="hlt">non</span>-combustible fraction of waste, which part are metallic elements. That type of concentration is object of concerns about the incineration <span class="hlt">residues</span> impact on the environment and also gives the possibility of attempts to recover them. Metallic elements are not equally distributed among the materials. Several factors influence the process: melting points, <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and place and forms of metallic occurrence in the incinerated waste. To investigate metallic elements distribution in MSWI <span class="hlt">residues</span> samples from one of the biggest MSW incineration plant in Poland were collected in 2015. Chemical analysis with emphasis on the metallic elements content were performed using inductively coupled plasma optical emission (ICP-OES) and mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The bottom ash was a SiO2-CaO-Al2O3-Fe2O3-Na2O rich material, whereas fly ash and APC <span class="hlt">residues</span> were mostly composed of CaO and SiO2. All of the materials were rich in amorphous phase occurring together with various, mostly silicate crystalline phases. In a mass of bottom ash 11 wt% were metallic elements but also in ashes 8.5 wt% (fly ash) and ˜4.5 wt% (APC <span class="hlt">residues</span>) of them were present. Among the metallic elements equal distribution between bottom and fly ash was observed for Al (˜3.85 wt%), Mn (770 ppm) and Ni (˜65 ppm). In bottom ash Fe (5.5 wt%), Cr (590 ppm) and Cu (1250 ppm) were concentrated. These values in comparison to fly ash were 5-fold higher for Fe, 3-fold for Cu and 1.5-fold for</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5501492','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5501492"><span>Use of fecal <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound analysis to discriminate between <span class="hlt">non</span>-vaccinated and BCG—Vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Stahl, Randal; Waters, W. Ray; Palmer, Mitchell V.; Nol, Pauline; Rhyan, Jack C.; VerCauteren, Kurt C.; Koziel, Jacek A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Bovine tuberculosis is a zoonotic disease of global public health concern. Development of diagnostic tools to improve test accuracy and efficiency in domestic livestock and enable surveillance of wildlife reservoirs would improve disease management and eradication efforts. Use of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound analysis in breath and fecal samples is being developed and optimized as a means to detect disease in humans and animals. In this study we demonstrate that VOCs present in fecal samples can be used to discriminate between <span class="hlt">non</span>-vaccinated and BCG-vaccinated cattle prior to and after Mycobacterium bovis challenge. PMID:28686691</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981045','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20981045"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> accretion history of the Earth.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wood, B J; Halliday, A N; Rehkämper, M</p> <p>2010-10-28</p> <p>It has long been thought that the Earth had a protracted and complex history of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> accretion and loss. Albarède paints a different picture, proposing that the Earth first formed as a dry planet which, like the Moon, was devoid of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> constituents. He suggests that the Earth's complement of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements was only established later, by the addition of a small veneer of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich material at ∼100 Myr (here and elsewhere, ages are relative to the origin of the Solar System). Here we argue that the Earth's mass balance of moderately <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements is inconsistent with Albarède's hypothesis but is well explained by the standard model of accretion from partially <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-depleted material, accompanied by core formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1164421-blackcomb-hardware-software-co-design-non-volatile-memory-exascale-systems','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1164421-blackcomb-hardware-software-co-design-non-volatile-memory-exascale-systems"><span>Blackcomb: Hardware-Software Co-design for <span class="hlt">Non-Volatile</span> Memory in Exascale Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schreiber, Robert</p> <p></p> <p>.6X-440X under different process variations without performance overhead in the system's early life. We have investigated the applicability of NVM for persistent memory design [Zhao 2013]. New byte addressable NVM enables fast persistent memory that allows in-memory persistent data objects to be updated with much higher throughput. Despite the significant improvement, the performance of these designs is only 50% of the native system with no persistence support, due to the logging or copy-on-write mechanisms used to update the persistent memory. A challenge in this approach is therefore how to efficiently enable atomic, consistent, and durable updates to ensure data persistence that survives application and/or system failures. We have designed a persistent memory system, called Klin, that can provide performance as close as that of the native system. The Klin design adopts a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> cache and a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> main memory for constructing a multi-versioned durable memory system, enabling atomic updates without logging or copy-on-write. Our evaluation shows that the proposed Kiln mechanism can achieve up to 2X of performance improvement to NVRAM-based persistent memory employing write-ahead logging. In addition, our design has numerous practical advantages: a simple and intuitive abstract interface, microarchitecture-level optimizations, fast recovery from failures, and no redundant writes to slow <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> storage media. The work was published in MICRO 2013 and received Best Paper Honorable Mentioned Award.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.5239W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ACP....17.5239W"><span>Enhanced hydrophobicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of submicron aerosols under severe emission control conditions in Beijing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, Yuying; Zhang, Fang; Li, Zhanqing; Tan, Haobo; Xu, Hanbing; Ren, Jingye; Zhao, Jian; Du, Wei; Sun, Yele</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A series of strict emission control measures was implemented in Beijing and the surrounding seven provinces to ensure good air quality during the 2015 China Victory Day parade, rendering a unique opportunity to investigate the anthropogenic impact of aerosol properties. Submicron aerosol hygroscopicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> were measured during and after the control period using a hygroscopic and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> tandem differential mobility analyzer (H/V-TDMA) system. Three periods, namely the control clean period (Clean1), the <span class="hlt">non</span>-control clean period (Clean2), and the <span class="hlt">non</span>-control pollution period (Pollution), were selected to study the effect of the emission control measures on aerosol hygroscopicity and <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Aerosol particles became more hydrophobic and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> due to the emission control measures. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of 40-200 nm particles decreased by 32.0-8.5 % during the Clean1 period relative to the Clean2 period, while the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> shrink factor (SF) of 40-300 nm particles decreased by 7.5-10.5 %. The emission controls also changed the diurnal variation patterns of both the probability density function of κ (κ-PDF) and the probability density function of SF (SF-PDF). During Clean1 the κ-PDF showed one nearly hydrophobic (NH) mode for particles in the nucleation mode, which was likely due to the dramatic reduction in industrial emissions of inorganic trace gases. Compared to the Pollution period, particles observed during the Clean1 and Clean2 periods exhibited a more significant nonvolatile (NV) mode throughout the day, suggesting a more externally mixed state particularly for the 150 nm particles. Aerosol hygroscopicities increased as particle sizes increased, with the greatest increases seen during the Pollution period. Accordingly, the aerosol <span class="hlt">volatility</span> became weaker (i.e., SF increased) as particle sizes increased during the Clean1 and Clean2 periods, but no apparent trend was observed during the Pollution period. Based on a correlation</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1265263','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1265263"><span>EqualWrites: Reducing Intra-set Write Variations for Enhancing Lifetime of <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Caches</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S.</p> <p></p> <p>Driven by the trends of increasing core-count and bandwidth-wall problem, the size of last level caches (LLCs) has greatly increased and hence, the researchers have explored <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memories (NVMs) which provide high density and consume low-leakage power. Since NVMs have low write-endurance and the existing cache management policies are write variation-unaware, effective wear-leveling techniques are required for achieving reasonable cache lifetimes using NVMs. We present EqualWrites, a technique for mitigating intra-set write variation. In this paper, our technique works by recording the number of writes on a block and changing the cache-block location of a hot data-item to redirect themore » future writes to a cold block to achieve wear-leveling. Simulation experiments have been performed using an x86-64 simulator and benchmarks from SPEC06 and HPC (high-performance computing) field. The results show that for single, dual and quad-core system configurations, EqualWrites improves cache lifetime by 6.31X, 8.74X and 10.54X, respectively. In addition, its implementation overhead is very small and it provides larger improvement in lifetime than three other intra-set wear-leveling techniques and a cache replacement policy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669793','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23669793"><span>Studying the fate of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds in a commercial plasma air purifier.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Schmid, Stefan; Seiler, Cornelia; Gerecke, Andreas C; Hächler, Herbert; Hilbi, Hubert; Frey, Joachim; Weidmann, Simon; Meier, Lukas; Berchtold, Christian; Zenobi, Renato</p> <p>2013-07-15</p> <p>Degradation of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds-environmental toxins (methyltriclosane and phenanthrene), bovine serum albumin, as well as bioparticles (Legionella pneumophila, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus anthracis)-in a commercially available plasma air purifier based on a cold plasma was studied in detail, focusing on its efficiency and on the resulting degradation products. This system is capable of handling air flow velocities of up to 3.0m s(-1) (3200Lmin(-1)), much higher than other plasma-based reactors described in the literature, which generally are limited to air flow rates below 10Lmin(-1). Mass balance studies consistently indicated a reduction in concentration of the compounds/particles after passage through the plasma air purifier, 31% for phenanthrene, 17% for methyltriclosane, and 80% for bovine serum albumin. L. pneumophila did not survive passage through the plasma air purifier, and cell counts of aerosolized spores of B. subtilis and B. anthracis were reduced by 26- and 15-fold, depending on whether it was run at 10Hz or 50Hz, respectively. However rather than chemical degradation, deposition on the inner surfaces of the plasma air purifier occured. Our interpretation is that putative "degradation" efficiencies were largely due to electrostatic precipitation rather than to decomposition into smaller molecules. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1265263-equalwrites-reducing-intra-set-write-variations-enhancing-lifetime-non-volatile-caches','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1265263-equalwrites-reducing-intra-set-write-variations-enhancing-lifetime-non-volatile-caches"><span>EqualWrites: Reducing Intra-set Write Variations for Enhancing Lifetime of <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Caches</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Mittal, Sparsh; Vetter, Jeffrey S.</p> <p>2015-01-29</p> <p>Driven by the trends of increasing core-count and bandwidth-wall problem, the size of last level caches (LLCs) has greatly increased and hence, the researchers have explored <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memories (NVMs) which provide high density and consume low-leakage power. Since NVMs have low write-endurance and the existing cache management policies are write variation-unaware, effective wear-leveling techniques are required for achieving reasonable cache lifetimes using NVMs. We present EqualWrites, a technique for mitigating intra-set write variation. In this paper, our technique works by recording the number of writes on a block and changing the cache-block location of a hot data-item to redirect themore » future writes to a cold block to achieve wear-leveling. Simulation experiments have been performed using an x86-64 simulator and benchmarks from SPEC06 and HPC (high-performance computing) field. The results show that for single, dual and quad-core system configurations, EqualWrites improves cache lifetime by 6.31X, 8.74X and 10.54X, respectively. In addition, its implementation overhead is very small and it provides larger improvement in lifetime than three other intra-set wear-leveling techniques and a cache replacement policy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20627668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20627668"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> communication in plant-aphid interactions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>de Vos, Martin; Jander, Georg</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> communication plays an important role in mediating the interactions between plants, aphids, and other organisms in the environment. In response to aphid infestation, many plants initiate indirect defenses through the release of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> that attract ladybugs, parasitoid wasps, and other aphid-consuming predators. Aphid-induced <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana requires the jasmonate signaling pathway. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> release is also induced by infection with aphid-transmitted viruses. Consistent with mathematical models of optimal transmission, viruses that are acquired rapidly by aphids induce <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release to attract migratory aphids, but discourage long-term aphid feeding. Although the ecology of these interactions is well-studied, further research is needed to identify the molecular basis of aphid-induced and virus-induced changes in plant <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.9486E..14K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005SPIE.9486E..14K"><span>New possibilities to analyse <span class="hlt">non</span>-standard explosives and post blast <span class="hlt">residues</span> in forensic practice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kotrlý, Marek; Turková, Ivana</p> <p>2005-05-01</p> <p>Nonstandard and home-made explosives always pose a considerable threat for security forces in terms of their practically unlimited variability, both in composition and in construction of explosive devises. Electron microscopy - SEM with EDS/WDS is one of the key techniques for an analysis of <span class="hlt">non</span>-standard explosives and post-blast <span class="hlt">residues</span>. If the amount of materials allows it, a number of other analytical techniques are utilized, such as XRD that is capable of a direct phase identification of a crystalline substance, namely in mixtures. TLC has constantly proved itself useful for laboratory screening. Furthermore, combinations of FTIR, Raman spectrometry, LC MS, GC MS, XRF, micro XRF and other ones are applied. In the case of identification of post-blast <span class="hlt">residues</span>, where an investigation is often conducted at the level of separate microscopic particles, the role of SEM is unsubstitutable, whereas the analysis of the organic phase from these often sporadic microparticles has been infeasible until recently. One of the very interesting options appears to be Raman spectrometry technique, which is nowadays obtainable as a supplement to SEM EDX. Newly available is the device that is fully confocal, SEM keeps full functionality and scan range, very high resolution (for green laser resolution 360nm FWHM; 430nm Rayleigh), it is fitted with high quality objective lens, enhances mapping through Raman spectrometry in a volume 250μm x 250μm x 250μm by piezo driven scanner (capacitive feedback linearized) and obtaining a high quality white light image (250μm x 250μm) immediately in the SEM chamber. This technique is currently undergoing intensive testing and it seems that the method could significantly help to address issues with the analysis of organic phases in electron microscopy not only in the case of post-blast <span class="hlt">residues</span> and explosives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910015908','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19910015908"><span>Theoretical predictions of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> bearing phases and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> resources in some carbonaceous chondrites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Ganguly, Jibamitra; Saxena, Surendra K.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Carbonaceous chondrites are usually believed to be the primary constituents of near-Earth asteroids and Phobos and Diemos, and are potential resources of fuels which may be exploited for future planetary missions. The nature and abundances are calculated of the major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> bearing and other phases, including the vapor phase that should form in C1 and C2 type carbonaceous chondrites as functions of pressure and temperature. The results suggest that talc, antigorite plus or minus magnesite are the major <span class="hlt">volatile</span> bearing phases and are stable below 400 C at 1 bar in these chondritic compositions. Simulated heating of a kilogram of C2 chondrite at fixed bulk composition between 400 and 800 C at 1 bar yields about 135 gm of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>, which is made primarily of H2O, H2, CH4, CO2 and CO. The relative abundances of these <span class="hlt">volatile</span> species change as functions of temperature, and on a molar basis, H2 becomes the most dominant species above 500 C. In contrast, Cl chondrites yield about 306 gm of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> under the same condition, which consist almost completely of 60 wt percent H2O and 40 wt percent CO2. Preliminary kinetic considerations suggest that equilibrium dehydration of hydrous phyllosilicates should be attainable within a few hours at 600 C. These results provide the framework for further analyses of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and economic resource potentials of carbonaceous chondrites.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140007370','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140007370"><span>Core-Mantle Partitioning of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Elements and the Origin of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Elements in Earth and Moon</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Righter, K.; Pando, K.; Danielson, L.; Nickodem, K.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Depletions of siderophile elements in mantles have placed constraints on the conditions on core segregation and differentiation in bodies such as Earth, Earth's Moon, Mars, and asteroid 4 Vesta. Among the siderophile elements there are a sub-set that are also <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (<span class="hlt">volatile</span> siderophile elements or VSE; Ga, Ge, In, As, Sb, Sn, Bi, Zn, Cu, Cd), and thus can help to constrain the origin of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements in these bodies, and in particular the Earth and Moon. One of the fundamental observations of the geochemistry of the Moon is the overall depletion of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements relative to the Earth, but a satisfactory explanation has remained elusive. Hypotheses for Earth include addition during accretion and core formation and mobilized into the metallic core, multiple stage origin, or addition after the core formed. Any explanation for <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements in the Earth's mantle must also be linked to an explanation of these elements in the lunar mantle. New metal-silicate partitioning data will be applied to the origin of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements in both the Earth and Moon, and will evaluate theories for exogenous versus endogenous origin of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2652580','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2652580"><span>Chemotoxicity Recovery of Mitochondria in <span class="hlt">Non</span>-Hodgkin Lymphoma Resulting in Minimal <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Disease</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kusao, Ian; Agsalda, Melissa; Troelstrup, David; Villanueva, Nicolas; Shiramizu, Bruce</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Background The mechanisms responsible for resistant disease or recurrence of <span class="hlt">non</span>-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in children cover a wide spectrum from drug resistance to genetic mutations. A unique mechanism suggesting the role of mitochondria as the key energy source is studied following a clinical observation where pediatric Burkitt lymphoma (BL) specimens from patients on therapy were found to have increased copies of mitochondria DNA (mtDNA) in specimens which were shown to be positive for minimal <span class="hlt">residual</span> disease and/or persistent disease (MRD/PD). This study hypothesized that the mitochondria play an important role in a cell’s recovery from toxicity via a compensatory increase in mtDNA. Procedure BL specimens with MRD/PD were assayed for mtDNA. An in vitro model was then designed using Ramos cell lines by exposing the lymphoma cells to varying concentrations of doxorubicin and vincristine for 1 hr; and allowing for recovery in culture over 7 days. DNA was extracted from aliquots over several days to determine mtDNA copy numbers by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results Increased mtDNA copy numbers were found in clinical specimens with MRD/PD as well as in recovering Ramos cells from chemotoxicity. Conclusions The recovering lymphoma cells from the chemotoxic effects appeared to compensate by increasing mtDNA content, which may contribute to the clinical <span class="hlt">residual</span> or resistant disease in some cases of childhood BL. PMID:18322926</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321134','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17321134"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> components of grape pomaces from different cultivars of Sicilian Vitis vinifera L.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ruberto, Giuseppe; Renda, Agatino; Amico, Vincenzo; Tringali, Corrado</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components of grape pomace coming from the processing of some of the most important varieties of grape (Vitis vinifera L.) cultivated in Sicily, namely Nero d'Avola, Nerello Mascalese, Frappato and Cabernet Sauvignon, have been determined by gas-chromatography (GC) and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). According to the winemaking procedure that entails the removal of stalks before fermentation, two kinds of grape pomace are obtained. The first consists of skins, pulp <span class="hlt">residues</span> and seeds, the proper grape pomace, which is partially used for grappa, a typical Italian spirit, and alcohol production, the second consists almost exclusively of stalks. On the whole, 38 components have been characterized in the samples of grape pomaces, with Frappato cv. showing the richest composition; instead, 88 components have been detected in the stalks of Frappato, Nero d'Avola, Nerello Mascalese and Cabernet Sauvignon varieties. In order to make a comparison between the grape varieties easier, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components detected in the two sets of samples (grape pomaces and stalks) have been grouped in different classes. Significant differences among varieties have been detected and statistical treatment of data is also reported. This study is part of a wider project aimed at the possible exploitation of the main agro-industrial by-products. At the same time it is one of the first reports on the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> components of this waste material.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...95d2044M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...95d2044M"><span>Anaerobic Digestion Performance in the Energy Recovery of Kiwi <span class="hlt">Residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Martins, Ramiro; Boaventura, Rui; Paulista, Larissa</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>World production and trade of fruits generate losses in the harvest, post-harvest, handling, distribution and consumption phases, corresponding to 6.8% of total production. These <span class="hlt">residues</span> present high potential as a substrate for the anaerobic digestion process and biogas generation. Thus, the energy valuation of the agro-industrial <span class="hlt">residues</span> of kiwi production was evaluated by anaerobic digestion, aiming at optimizing the biogas production and its quality. Ten assays were carried out in a batch reactor (500 mL) under mesophilic conditions and varying a number of operational factors: different substrate/inoculum ratios; four distinct values for C: N ratio; inoculum from different digesters; and inoculum collected at different times of the year. The following parameters were used to control and monitor the process: pH, alkalinity, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fatty acids (VFA), <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids (VS) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Among the tests performed, the best result obtained for the biogas production corresponded to the use of 2 g of substrate and 98 mL of inoculum of the anaerobic digester of the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) of Bragança, with addition of 150 mg of bicarbonate leading to a production of 1628 L biogas.kg-1 VS (57% methane). In relation to the biogas quality, the best result was obtained with 20 g of substrate and 380 mL of inoculum from the anaerobic digester sludge of WWTP of Ave (with addition 600 mg of sodium bicarbonate), presenting a value of 85% of CH4, with a production of 464 L biogas.kg-1 VS.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3178044','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3178044"><span>Rapid eye movement sleep debt accrues in mice exposed to <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Pick, Jeremy; Chen, Yihan; Moore, Jason T.; Sun, Yi; Wyner, Abraham J.; Friedman, Eliot B.; Kelz, Max B.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Background General anesthesia has been likened to a state in which anesthetized subjects are locked out of access to both rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and wakefulness. Were this true for all anesthetics, one might expect a significant REM rebound following anesthetic exposure. However, for the intravenous anesthetic propofol, studies demonstrate that no sleep debt accrues. Moreover, pre-existing sleep debts dissipate during propofol anesthesia. To determine whether these effects are specific to propofol or are typical of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics we tested the hypothesis that REM sleep debt would accrue in rodents anesthetized with <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics. Methods Electroencephalographic and electromyographic electrodes were implanted in 10 mice. After 9–11 days of recovery and habituation to a 12h:12h light:dark cycle, baseline states of wakefulness, <span class="hlt">non</span>-rapid eye movement sleep, and REM sleep were recorded in mice exposed to 6 hours of an oxygen control and on separate days to 6 hours of isoflurane, sevoflurane, or halothane in oxygen. All exposures were conducted at the onset of light. Results Mice in all three anesthetized groups exhibited a significant doubling of REM sleep during the first six-hours of the dark phase of the circadian schedule while only mice exposed to halothane displayed a significant increase in <span class="hlt">non</span>-rapid eye movement sleep that peaked at 152% of baseline. Conclusion REM sleep rebound following exposure to <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics suggests that these <span class="hlt">volatile</span> anesthetics do not fully substitute for natural sleep. This result contrasts with the published actions of propofol for which no REM sleep rebound occurred. PMID:21934405</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28740301','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28740301"><span>Effect of modified atmosphere packaging and temperature abuse on flavor related <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds of rocket leaves (Diplotaxis tenuifolia L.).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mastrandrea, Leonarda; Amodio, Maria Luisa; Pati, Sandra; Colelli, Giancarlo</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>The effect of storage conditions on flavor-related <span class="hlt">volatile</span> composition of wild rocket ( Diplotaxis tenuifolia ) was investigated on Modified Atmosphere packed (MAP) leaves stored under isothermal and <span class="hlt">non</span>-isothermal conditions. In a first experiment the effect of MAP was compared to the storage in air at 5 °C; a second experiment aimed to study the effect of <span class="hlt">non</span> isothermal conditions, with two temperature abuses (at 13 °C for 24 h) during a 5 °C. Twenty-four <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were detected, including C6, C5, isothiocyanate, lipid-derived and sulfur compounds. In the first experiment, MAP-stored rocket showed a slower loss of typical flavour <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (thiocyanates and isothiocyanates) and a slower production of off-flavors until 6 days of storage, compared to leaves stored in air. After this time, dimethyl sulfide and acetaldehyde dramatically increased in MAP-stored rocket samples. In the second experiment, samples stored under <span class="hlt">non</span>-isothermal conditions showed lower O 2 and higher CO 2 concentrations than samples stored under isothermal conditions. Rocket leaves stored under <span class="hlt">non</span>-isothermal conditions showed an increased production of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> responsible of off-flavors (acetaldehyde and dimethyl sulfide) following temperature abuse comparing to storage in isothermal condition. Thus, dimethyl sulfide and acetaldehyde could be effective markers for tracking the effect of temperature fluctuations on rocket during storage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530818','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12530818"><span>Detection of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> on individual particles.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Whiteaker, Jeffrey R; Prather, Kimberly A</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>An aerosol time-of-flight mass spectrometer (ATOFMS) is used to analyze the size and composition of individual particles containing pesticides. Pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> are found in the atmosphere as a result of spray drift, <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, and suspension of coated soils. The ability of the ATOFMS to identify the presence of these contaminants on individual particles is assessed for particles created from pure solutions of several commonly used pesticides, as well as pesticides mixed with an organic matrix, and coated on soils. The common names of the pesticides studied are 2,4-D, atrazine, chlorpyrifos, malathion, permethrin, and propoxur. Analysis of the mass spectra produced by single- and two-step laser desorption/ionization of pesticide-containing particles allows for identification of peaks that can be used for detection of pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span> in the ambient aerosol. The identified marker peaks are used to approximate detection limits for the pesticides applied to soils, which are on the order of a fraction of a monolayer for individual particles. Results suggest that this technique may be useful for studying the real-time partitioning and distribution of pesticides in the atmosphere immediately following application in agricultural regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..448...30N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhyA..448...30N"><span>Fluctuation behaviors of financial return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> duration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Niu, Hongli; Wang, Jun; Lu, Yunfan</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>It is of significantly crucial to understand the return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of financial markets because it helps to quantify the investment risk, optimize the portfolio, and provide a key input of option pricing models. The characteristics of isolated high <span class="hlt">volatility</span> events above certain threshold in price fluctuations and the distributions of return intervals between these events arouse great interest in financial research. In the present work, we introduce a new concept of daily return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> duration, which is defined as the shortest passage time when the future <span class="hlt">volatility</span> intensity is above or below the current <span class="hlt">volatility</span> intensity (without predefining a threshold). The statistical properties of the daily return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> durations for seven representative stock indices from the world financial markets are investigated. Some useful and interesting empirical results of these <span class="hlt">volatility</span> duration series about the probability distributions, memory effects and multifractal properties are obtained. These results also show that the proposed stock <span class="hlt">volatility</span> series analysis is a meaningful and beneficial trial.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4339915','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4339915"><span>Indole is an essential herbivore-induced <span class="hlt">volatile</span> priming signal in maize</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Erb, Matthias; Veyrat, Nathalie; Robert, Christelle A. M.; Xu, Hao; Frey, Monika; Ton, Jurriaan; Turlings, Ted C. J.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Herbivore-induced <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds prime <span class="hlt">non</span>-attacked plant tissues to respond more strongly to subsequent attacks. However, the key <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> that trigger this primed state remain largely unidentified. In maize, the release of the aromatic compound indole is herbivore-specific and occurs earlier than other induced responses. We therefore hypothesized that indole may be involved in airborne priming. Using indole-deficient mutants and synthetic indole dispensers, we show that herbivore-induced indole enhances the induction of defensive <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in neighbouring maize plants in a species-specific manner. Furthermore, the release of indole is essential for priming of mono- and homoterpenes in systemic leaves of attacked plants. Indole exposure markedly increases the herbivore-induced production of the stress hormones jasmonate-isoleucine conjugate and abscisic acid, which represents a likely mechanism for indole-dependent priming. These results demonstrate that indole functions as a rapid and potent aerial priming agent that prepares systemic tissues and neighbouring plants for incoming attacks. PMID:25683900</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6144501','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6144501"><span><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> and mixing in glasses of some Apollo 14 regolith breccias</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vaniman, D.T.; Heiken, G.H.</p> <p>1989-01-01</p> <p>Three unique samples can be distinguished by analysis of all glass types, including devitrified glasses, in a suite of 26 Apollo 14 regolith breccias. These unique samples include the well-studied sample 14315, which has an abundance of anorthositic gabbro glasses and devitrified glasses; 14004,77, which has no glasses other than those that match the local soil; and 14076,5, which contains no glasses similar to the local soil or to LKFM. Sample 14076,5 is clearly exotic, for it contains devitrified glasses of anorthositic composition and of a silica-<span class="hlt">volatilized</span> (HASP) trend that stems from anorthosite; these silica-<span class="hlt">volatilized</span> glasses contain the new mineralmore » yoshiokite. HASP glasses in this exotic sample and HASP glass spheres that stem from the Apollo 14 soil composition differ greatly from the HASP glasses at Apollo 16. The various HASP glasses can be just as useful as <span class="hlt">non-volatilized</span> glasses in searching or major crustal or regolith lithologies. 18 refs., 2 figs., 2 tabs.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29223482','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29223482"><span>Reactor performance and energy analysis of solid state anaerobic co-digestion of dairy manure with corn stover and tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Li, Yangyang; Xu, Fuqing; Li, Yu; Lu, Jiaxin; Li, Shuyan; Shah, Ajay; Zhang, Xuehua; Zhang, Hongyu; Gong, Xiaoyan; Li, Guoxue</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Anaerobic co-digestion is commonly believed to be benefical for biogas production. However, additional of co-substrates may require additional energy inputs and thus affect the overall energy efficiency of the system. In this study, reactor performance and energy analysis of solid state anaerobic digestion (SS-AD) of tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> with dairy manure and corn stover were investigated. Different fractions of tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100%, based on <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solid weight (VS)) were co-digested with dairy manure and corn stover at 15% total solids. Energy analysis based on experimental data was conducted for three scenarios: SS-AD of 100% dairy manure, SS-AD of binary mixture (60% dairy manure and 40% corn stover, VS based), and SS-AD of ternary mixture (36% dairy manure, 24% corn stover, and 40% tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span>, VS based). For each scenario, the energy requirements for individual process components, including feedstock collection and transportation, feedstock pretreatment, biogas plant operation, digestate processing and handling, and the energy production were examined. Results showed that the addition of 20 and 40% tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> increased methane yield compared to that of the dairy manure and corn stover mixture, indicating that the co-digestion could balance nutrients and improve the performance of solid-state anaerobic digestion. The energy required for heating substrates had the dominant effect on the total energy consumption. The highest <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids (VS) reduction (57.0%), methane yield (379.1 L/kg VS feed ), and net energy production were achieved with the mixture of 24% corn stover, 36% dairy manure, and 40% tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Thus, the extra energy input for adding tomato <span class="hlt">residues</span> for co-digestion could be compensated by the increase of methane yield. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9225013','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9225013"><span>Polar and <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar heterocyclic amines in cooked fish and meat products and their corresponding pan <span class="hlt">residues</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Skog, K; Augustsson, K; Steineck, G; Stenberg, M; Jägerstad, M</p> <p>1997-06-01</p> <p>Fourteen cooked dishes with their corresponding pan <span class="hlt">residues</span> were analysed for polar and <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar heterocyclic amines using HPLC. The choice of foods, including beef, pork, poultry, game, fish, egg and sausages, was based on an investigation of an elderly population in Stockholm participating in an analytical epidemiological case-control study on cancer risks after intake of heterocyclic amines. The food items were prepared using normal household cooking practices, and to reflect the wide range of surface browning of the cooked dishes that would be encountered in this population, four cooking temperatures were used in the range 150-225 degrees C. For all food samples, the total amount of heterocyclic amines formed at 150 degrees C was less than 1 ng/g cooked product, and at 175 degrees C less than 2 ng/g. The highest concentrations of heterocyclic amines were detected in fillet of pork, reindeer meat and chicken breast fried at 200 and 225 degrees C and their corresponding pan <span class="hlt">residues</span>. The total sum of 2-amino-3,8-dimethylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoxaline, 2-amino-3,4,8-trimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoxaline and 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine was about 1 microgram per 100 g portion (including pan <span class="hlt">residues</span>) for reindeer meat and chicken breast, and between 1.9 and 6.3 micrograms per 100-g portion for fillet of pork. PhIP was the most abundant heterocyclic amine, identified in 73 of 84 samples, and the highest concentration of PhIP, 32.0 ng/g, was found in the pan <span class="hlt">residue</span> from fillet of pork cooked at 225 degrees C. The <span class="hlt">non</span>-polar heterocyclic amines 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole and 3-amino-1-methyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indole were detected in the range of 0.5-7.4 ng/g in most foods cooked at 225 degrees C, and also in meat sauce prepared at 200 and 175 degrees C. The other heterocyclic amines tested for: 2-amino-3-methylimidazo-[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline, 2-amino-6-methyl-pyrido-[1,2-a:3',2'-d]-imidazole and 2</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3777757','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3777757"><span>Assessing <span class="hlt">residual</span> reasoning ability in overtly <span class="hlt">non</span>-communicative patients using fMRI☆</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hampshire, Adam; Parkin, Beth L.; Cusack, Rhodri; Espejo, Davinia Fernández; Allanson, Judith; Kamau, Evelyn; Pickard, John D.; Owen, Adrian M.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>It is now well established that some patients who are diagnosed as being in a vegetative state or a minimally conscious state show reliable signs of volition that may only be detected by measuring neural responses. A pertinent question is whether these patients are also capable of logical thought. Here, we validate an fMRI paradigm that can detect the neural fingerprint of reasoning processes and moreover, can confirm whether a participant derives logical answers. We demonstrate the efficacy of this approach in a physically <span class="hlt">non</span>-communicative patient who had been shown to engage in mental imagery in response to simple auditory instructions. Our results demonstrate that this individual retains a remarkable capacity for higher cognition, engaging in the reasoning task and deducing logical answers. We suggest that this approach is suitable for detecting <span class="hlt">residual</span> reasoning ability using neural responses and could readily be adapted to assess other aspects of cognition. PMID:24179769</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238056','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23238056"><span>Potential of electric discharge plasma methods in abatement of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds originating from the food industry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Preis, S; Klauson, D; Gregor, A</p> <p>2013-01-15</p> <p>Increased <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds emissions and commensurate tightening of applicable legislation mean that the development and application of effective, cost-efficient abatement methods are areas of growing concern. This paper reviews the last two decades' publications on organic vapour emissions from food processing, their sources, impacts and treatment methods. An overview of the latest developments in conventional air treatment methods is presented, followed by the main focus of the paper, <span class="hlt">non</span>-thermal plasma technology. The results of the review suggest that <span class="hlt">non</span>-thermal plasma technology, in its pulsed corona discharge configuration, is an emerging treatment method with potential for low-cost, effective abatement of a wide spectrum of organic air pollutants. It is found that the combination of plasma treatment with catalysis is a development trend that demonstrates considerable potential. The as yet relatively small number of plasma treatment applications is considered to be due to the novelty of pulsed electric discharge techniques and a lack of reliable pulse generators and reactors. Other issues acting as barriers to widespread adoption of the technique include the possible formation of stable oxidation by-products, <span class="hlt">residual</span> ozone and nitrogen oxides, and sensitivity towards air humidity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JPhy1...7.1733B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997JPhy1...7.1733B"><span>A Path Integral Approach to Option Pricing with Stochastic <span class="hlt">Volatility</span>: Some Exact Results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Baaquie, Belal E.</p> <p>1997-12-01</p> <p>The Black-Scholes formula for pricing options on stocks and other securities has been generalized by Merton and Garman to the case when stock <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is stochastic. The derivation of the price of a security derivative with stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is reviewed starting from the first principles of finance. The equation of Merton and Garman is then recast using the path integration technique of theoretical physics. The price of the stock option is shown to be the analogue of the Schrödinger wavefunction of quantum mechanics and the exact Hamiltonian and Lagrangian of the system is obtained. The results of Hull and White are generalized to the case when stock price and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> have <span class="hlt">non</span>-zero correlation. Some exact results for pricing stock options for the general correlated case are derived.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25727054','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25727054"><span>Identification of functional <span class="hlt">residues</span> essential for dehalogenation by the <span class="hlt">non</span>-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase from Rhizobium sp. RC1.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamid, Azzmer Azzar Abdul; Hamid, Tengku Haziyamin Tengku Abdul; Wahab, Roswanira Abdul; Huyop, Fahrul</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">non</span>-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenase DehE from Rhizobium sp. RC1 catalyzes the removal of the halide from α-haloalkanoic acid D,L-stereoisomers and, by doing so, converts them into hydroxyalkanoic acid L,D-stereoisomers, respectively. DehE has been extensively studied to determine its potential to act as a bioremediation agent, but its structure/function relationship has not been characterized. For this study, we explored the functional relevance of several putative active-site amino acids by site-specific mutagenesis. Ten active-site <span class="hlt">residues</span> were mutated individually, and the dehalogenase activity of each of the 10 resulting mutants in soluble cell lysates against D- and L-2-chloropropionic acid was assessed. Interestingly, the mutants W34→A,F37→A, and S188→A had diminished activity, suggesting that these <span class="hlt">residues</span> are functionally relevant. Notably, the D189→N mutant had no activity, which strongly implies that it is a catalytically important <span class="hlt">residue</span>. Given our data, we propose a dehalogenation mechanism for DehE, which is the same as that suggested for other <span class="hlt">non</span>-stereospecific α-haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report detailing a functional aspect for DehE, and our results could help pave the way for the bioengineering of haloalkanoic acid dehalogenases with improved catalytic properties. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V41D..08P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.V41D..08P"><span>Rubidium Isotope Composition of the Earth and the Moon: Evidence for the Origin of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Loss During Planetary Accretion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pringle, E. A.; Moynier, F.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>The Earth-Moon system has a variety of chemical and isotopic characteristics that provide clues to understanding the mechanism of lunar formation. One important observation is the depletion in moderately <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements in the Moon compared to the Earth. This <span class="hlt">volatile</span> element depletion may be a signature of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss during the Moon-forming Giant Impact. Stable isotopes are powerful tracers of such a process, since <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss via evaporation enriches the <span class="hlt">residue</span> in heavy isotopes. However, early studies searching for the fingerprint of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss failed to find any resolvable variations [1]. Recent work has now revealed heavy isotope enrichments in the Moon relative to the Earth for the moderately <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements Zn [2,3] and K [4]. The purely lithophile nature of Rb (in contrast to the chalcophile/lithophile nature of Zn) and the higher <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of Rb compared to K make Rb an ideal element with which to study the origin of lunar <span class="hlt">volatile</span> element depletion. We have developed a new method for the high-precision measurement of Rb isotope ratios by MC-ICP-MS. The Rb isotope compositions of terrestrial rocks define a narrow range, indicating that Rb isotope fractionation during igneous differentiation is limited (<30 ppm/amu). There is a clear signature of Rb loss during evaporation in <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-depleted achondrites and lunar rocks. In particular, eucrites are significantly enriched in 87Rb (up to several per mil) relative to chondrites. Similarly, lunar basalts are enriched in 87Rb compared to terrestrial basalts, by 200 ppm for 87Rb/85Rb. These data are the first measurements of a resolvable difference in Rb isotope composition between the Earth and the Moon. The variations in Rb isotope composition between the Earth and the Moon are consistent with Rb isotope fractionation due to evaporation. References: [1] Humayun & Clayton GCA 1995. [2] Paniello et al. Nature 2012. [3] Kato et al. Nat. Comm. 2015. [4] Wang and Jacobsen Nature in press.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.485..130S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26PSL.485..130S"><span>Chondritic Mn/Na ratio and limited post-nebular <span class="hlt">volatile</span> loss of the Earth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Siebert, Julien; Sossi, Paolo A.; Blanchard, Ingrid; Mahan, Brandon; Badro, James; Moynier, Frédéric</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The depletion pattern of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements on Earth and other differentiated terrestrial bodies provides a unique insight as to the nature and origin of planetary building blocks. The processes responsible for the depletion of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements range from the early incomplete condensation in the solar nebula to the late de-<span class="hlt">volatilization</span> induced by heating and impacting during planetary accretion after the dispersion of the H2-rich nebular gas. Furthermore, as many <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements are also siderophile (metal-loving), it is often difficult to deconvolve the effect of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> from core formation. With the notable exception of the Earth, all the differentiated terrestrial bodies for which we have samples have <span class="hlt">non</span>-chondritic Mn/Na ratios, taken as a signature of post-nebular <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. The bulk silicate Earth (BSE) is unique in that its Mn/Na ratio is chondritic, which points to a nebular origin for the depletion; unless the Mn/Na in the BSE is not that of the bulk Earth (BE), and has been affected by core formation through the partitioning of Mn in Earth's core. Here we quantify the metal-silicate partitioning behavior of Mn at deep magma ocean pressure and temperature conditions directly applicable to core formation. The experiments show that Mn becomes more siderophile with increasing pressure and temperature. Modeling the partitioning of Mn during core formation by combining our results with previous data at lower P-T conditions, we show that the core likely contains a significant fraction (20 to 35%) of Earth's Mn budget. However, we show that the derived Mn/Na value of the bulk Earth still lies on the <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-depleted end of a trend defined by chondritic meteorites in a Mn/Na vs Mn/Mg plot, which tend to higher Mn/Na with increasing <span class="hlt">volatile</span> depletion. This suggests that the material that formed the Earth recorded similar chemical fractionation processes for moderately <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements as chondrites in the solar nebula, and experienced limited post</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AIPC.1581.1215P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AIPC.1581.1215P"><span><span class="hlt">Non</span>-destructive measurement and role of surface <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress monitoring in <span class="hlt">residual</span> life assessment of a steam turbine blading material</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prabhu-Gaunkar, Gajanana; Rawat, M. S.; Prasad, C. R.</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Steam turbine blades in power generation equipment are made from martensitic stainless steels having high strength, good toughness and corrosion resistance. However, these steels are susceptible to pitting which can promote early failures of blades in the turbines, particularly in the low pressure dry/wet areas by stress corrosion and corrosion fatigue. Presence of tensile <span class="hlt">residual</span> stresses is known to accelerate failures whereas compressive stresses can help in delaying failures. Shot peening has been employed as an effective tool to induce compressive <span class="hlt">residual</span> stresses which offset a part of local surface tensile stresses in the surface layers of components. Maintaining local stresses at stress raisers, such as pits formed during service, below a threshold level can help in preventing the initiation microcracks and failures. The thickness of the layer in compression will, however, depend of the shot peening parameters and should extend below the bottom of corrosion pits. The magnitude of surface compressive drops progressively during service exposure and over time the effectiveness of shot peening is lost making the material susceptible to micro-crack initiation once again. Measurement and monitoring of surface <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress therefore becomes important for assessing <span class="hlt">residual</span> life of components in service. This paper shows the applicability of surface stress monitoring to life assessment of steam turbine blade material based on data generated in laboratory on <span class="hlt">residual</span> surface stress measurements in relation to fatigue exposure. An empirical model is proposed to calculate the remaining life of shot peened steam turbine blades in service.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..121.4317C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016JGRD..121.4317C"><span>Characterization of organic <span class="hlt">residues</span> of size-resolved fog droplets and their atmospheric implications</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chakraborty, Abhishek; Ervens, Barbara; Gupta, Tarun; Tripathi, Sachchida N.</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Size-resolved fog water samples were collected in two consecutive winters at Kanpur, a heavily polluted urban area of India. Samples were analyzed by an aerosol mass spectrometer after drying and directly in other instruments. <span class="hlt">Residues</span> of fine fog droplets (diameter: 4-16 µm) are found to be more enriched with oxidized (oxygen to carbon ratio, O/C = 0.88) and low <span class="hlt">volatility</span> organics than <span class="hlt">residues</span> of coarse (diameter > 22 µm) and medium size (diameter: 16-22 µm) droplets with O/C of 0.68 and 0.74, respectively. These O/C ratios are much higher than those observed for background ambient organic aerosols, indicating efficient oxidation in fog water. Accompanying box model simulations reveal that longer residence times, together with high aqueous OH concentrations in fine droplets, can explain these trends. High aqueous OH concentrations in smaller droplets are caused by their highest surface-volume ratio and high Fe and Cu concentrations, allowing more uptake of gas phase OH and enhanced Fenton reaction rates, respectively. Although some <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic species may have escaped during droplet evaporation, these findings indicate that aqueous processing of dissolved organics varies with droplet size. Therefore, large (regional, global)-scale models need to consider the variable reaction rates, together with metal-catalyzed radical formation throughout droplet populations for accurately predicting aqueous secondary organic aerosol formation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2047.6113A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018LPICo2047.6113A"><span>Interior <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Reservoirs in Mercury</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anzures, B. A.; Parman, S. W.; Milliken, R. E.; Head, J. W.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>More measurements of 1) surface <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, and 2) pyroclastic deposits paired with experimental <span class="hlt">volatile</span> analyses in silicate minerals can constrain conditions of melting and subsequent eruption on Mercury.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B23C2071W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.B23C2071W"><span>Differentiate responses of soil structure to natural vegetation and artificial plantation in landslide hazard region of the West Qinling Mountains, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wang, X.; Huang, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Hong, M.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Natural vegetation and artificial plantation are the most important measures for ecological restoration in soil erosion and landslide hazard-prone regions of China. Previous studies have demonstrated that both measures can significantly change the soil structure and decrease soil and water erosion. Few reports have compared the effects of the two contrasting measures on mechanical and hydrological properties and further tested the differentiate responses of soil structure. In the study areas, two vegetation restoration measures-natural vegetation restoration (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) and artificial plantation restoration (APR) compared with control site, with similar topographical and geological backgrounds were selected to investigate the different effects on soil structure based on eight-year ecological restoration projects. The results showed that the surface vegetation played an important role in releasing soil erosion and enhance soil structure stability through change the soil aggregates (SA) and total soil porosity (TSP). The SA<0.25mm content in <span class="hlt">NVR</span> (36.13%) was higher than that in APR (32.14%). The study indicated that SA and TSP were the principal components (PCs) related to soil structure variation. Soil organic carbon, soil water retention, clay and vegetation biomass were more strongly correlated with the PCs in <span class="hlt">NVR</span> than those in APR. The study indicated that <span class="hlt">NVR</span> was more beneficial for soil structure stability than APR. These findings will provide a theoretical basis for the decisions around reasonable land use for ecological restoration and conservation in geological hazard-prone regions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhPro..25..756L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhPro..25..756L"><span>Arbitrage and <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> in Chinese Stock's Markets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lu, Shu Quan; Ito, Takao; Zhang, Jianbo</p> <p></p> <p>From the point of view of no-arbitrage pricing, what matters is how much <span class="hlt">volatility</span> the stock has, for <span class="hlt">volatility</span> measures the amount of profit that can be made from shorting stocks and purchasing options. With the short-sales constraints or in the absence of options, however, high <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is likely to mean arbitrage from stock market. As emerging stock markets for China, investors are increasingly concerned about <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> of Chinese two stock markets. We estimate <span class="hlt">volatility</span>'s models for Chinese stock markets' indexes using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and GARCH. We find that estimated values of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> parameters are very high for all data frequencies. It suggests that stock returns are extremely <span class="hlt">volatile</span> even at long term intervals in Chinese markets. Furthermore, this result could be considered that there seems to be arbitrage opportunities in Chinese stock markets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28512603','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28512603"><span>Bactericidal activity of herbal <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Intorasoot, Amornrat; Chornchoem, Piyaorn; Sookkhee, Siriwoot; Intorasoot, Sorasak</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of 10 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oils extracted from medicinal plants, including galangal ( Alpinia galanga Linn.), ginger ( Zingiber officinale ), plai ( Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), lime ( Citrus aurantifolia ), kaffir lime ( Citrus hystrix DC.), sweet basil ( Ocimum basilicum Linn.), tree basil ( Ocimum gratissimum ), lemongrass ( Cymbopogon citratus DC.), clove ( Syzygium aromaticum ), and cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum ) against four standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus , Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Acinetobacter baumannii , and 30 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDR- A. baumannii ). Agar diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed for the determination of bactericidal activity of water distilled medicinal plants. Tea tree oil ( Melaleuca alternifolia ) was used as positive control in this study. The results indicated the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracted from cinnamon exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the most common human pathogens, S. aureus , E. coli , P. aeruginosa , and A. baumannii . Most of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts were less effective against <span class="hlt">non</span>-fermentative bacteria, P. aeruginosa . In addition, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracted from cinnamon, clove, and tree basil possessed potent bactericidal activity against MDR- A. baumannii with MBC 90 of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL, respectively. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts would be useful as alternative natural product for the treatment of the most common human pathogens and MDR- A. baumannii infections.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5429082','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5429082"><span>Bactericidal activity of herbal <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Intorasoot, Amornrat; Chornchoem, Piyaorn; Sookkhee, Siriwoot; Intorasoot, Sorasak</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate the antibacterial activity of 10 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oils extracted from medicinal plants, including galangal (Alpinia galanga Linn.), ginger (Zingiber officinale), plai (Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.), lime (Citrus aurantifolia), kaffir lime (Citrus hystrix DC.), sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum Linn.), tree basil (Ocimum gratissimum), lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus DC.), clove (Syzygium aromaticum), and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) against four standard strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, and 30 clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii (MDR-A. baumannii). Materials and Methods: Agar diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration, and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed for the determination of bactericidal activity of water distilled medicinal plants. Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia) was used as positive control in this study. Results: The results indicated the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracted from cinnamon exhibited potent antibacterial activity against the most common human pathogens, S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and A. baumannii. Most of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts were less effective against <span class="hlt">non</span>-fermentative bacteria, P. aeruginosa. In addition, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracted from cinnamon, clove, and tree basil possessed potent bactericidal activity against MDR-A. baumannii with MBC90 of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusions: The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> oil extracts would be useful as alternative natural product for the treatment of the most common human pathogens and MDR-A. baumannii infections. PMID:28512603</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924841','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27924841"><span>Virus altered rice attractiveness to planthoppers is mediated by <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and related to virus titre and expression of defence and <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-biosynthesis genes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lu, Guanghua; Zhang, Tong; He, Yuange; Zhou, Guohui</p> <p>2016-12-07</p> <p>Viruses may induce changes in plant hosts and vectors to enhance their transmission. The white-backed planthopper (WBPH) and brown planthopper (BPH) are vectors of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV) and Rice ragged stunt virus (RRSV), respectively, which cause serious rice diseases. We herein describe the effects of SRBSDV and RRSV infections on host-selection behaviour of vector and <span class="hlt">non</span>-vector planthoppers at different disease stages. The Y-tube olfactometer choice and free-choice tests indicated that SRBSDV and RRSV infections altered the attractiveness of rice plants to vector and <span class="hlt">non</span>-vector planthoppers. The attractiveness was mainly mediated by rice <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, and varied with disease progression. The attractiveness of the SRBSDV- or RRSV-infected rice plants to the virus-free WBPHs or BPHs initially decreased, then increased, and finally decreased again. For the viruliferous WBPHs and BPHs, SRBSDV or RRSV infection increased the attractiveness of plants more for the <span class="hlt">non</span>-vector than for the vector planthoppers. Furthermore, we observed that the attractiveness of infected plants to planthoppers was positively correlated with the virus titres. The titre effects were greater for virus-free than for viruliferous planthoppers. Down-regulated defence genes OsAOS1, OsICS, and OsACS2 and up-regulated <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-biosynthesis genes OsLIS, OsCAS, and OsHPL3 expression in infected plants may influence their attractiveness.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=63041&keyword=fine+AND+dust&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=63041&keyword=fine+AND+dust&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>SEMI-<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> ORGANIC ACIDS AND OTHER POLAR COMPOUNDS COLLECTED IN NEW YORK CITY IN RESPONSE TO THE EVENTS OF 9/11</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Concentrations of over 25 polar semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> and <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic compounds were measured in Lower Manhattan, New York using a high capacity Integrated Organic Gas and Particle sampler, after the initial destruction of the World Trade Center. The polar organic compounds in...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V43A4855B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.V43A4855B"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> content of Hawaiian magmas and volcanic vigor</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blaser, A. P.; Gonnermann, H. M.; Ferguson, D. J.; Plank, T. A.; Hauri, E. H.; Houghton, B. F.; Swanson, D. A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>We test the hypothesis that magma supply to Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i may be affected by magma <span class="hlt">volatile</span> content. We find that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> content and magma flow from deep source to Kīlauea's summit reservoirs are <span class="hlt">non</span>-linearly related. For example, a 25-30% change in <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> leads to a near two-fold increase in magma supply. Hawaiian volcanism provides an opportunity to develop and test hypotheses concerning dynamic and geochemical behavior of hot spot volcanism on different time scales. The Pu'u 'Ō'ō-Kupaianaha eruption (1983-present) is thought to be fed by essentially unfettered magma flow from the asthenosphere into a network of magma reservoirs at approximately 1-4 km below Kīlauea's summit, and from there into Kīlauea's east rift zone, where it erupts. Because Kīlauea's magma becomes saturated in CO2 at about 40 km depth, most CO2 is thought to escape buoyantly from the magma, before entering the east rift zone, and instead is emitted at the summit. Between 2003 and 2006 Kīlauea's summit inflated at unusually high rates and concurrently CO2emissions doubled. This may reflect a change in the balance between magma supply to the summit and outflow to the east rift zone. It remains unknown what caused this surge in magma supply or what controls magma supply to Hawaiian volcanoes in general. We have modeled two-phase magma flow, coupled with H2O-CO2 solubility, to investigate the effect of changes in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> content on the flow of magma through Kīlauea's magmatic plumbing system. We assume an invariant magma transport capacity from source to vent over the time period of interest. Therefore, changes in magma flow rate are a consequence of changes in magma-static and dynamic pressure throughout Kīlauea's plumbing system. We use measured summit deformation and CO2 emissions as observational constraints, and find from a systematic parameter analysis that even modest increases in <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> reduce magma-static pressures sufficiently to generate a 'surge' in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006InvPr..22.1247E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006InvPr..22.1247E"><span>On decoupling of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> smile and term structure in inverse option pricing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Egger, Herbert; Hein, Torsten; Hofmann, Bernd</p> <p>2006-08-01</p> <p>Correct pricing of options and other financial derivatives is of great importance to financial markets and one of the key subjects of mathematical finance. Usually, parameters specifying the underlying stochastic model are not directly observable, but have to be determined indirectly from observable quantities. The identification of local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surfaces from market data of European vanilla options is one very important example of this type. As with many other parameter identification problems, the reconstruction of local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surfaces is ill-posed, and reasonable results can only be achieved via regularization methods. Moreover, due to the sparsity of data, the local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is not uniquely determined, but depends strongly on the kind of regularization norm used and a good a priori guess for the parameter. By assuming a multiplicative structure for the local <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, which is motivated by the specific data situation, the inverse problem can be decomposed into two separate sub-problems. This removes part of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-uniqueness and allows us to establish convergence and convergence rates under weak assumptions. Additionally, a numerical solution of the two sub-problems is much cheaper than that of the overall identification problem. The theoretical results are illustrated by numerical tests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15139214','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15139214"><span>[Chemical components of Vetiveria zizanioides <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Huang, Jinghua; Li, Huashou; Yang, Jun; Chen, Yufen; Liu, Yinghu; Li, Ning; Nie, Chengrong</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>The chemical components of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from Vetiveria zizanioides were analyzed by SPME and GC-MS. In the roots, the main component was valencene (30.36%), while in the shoots and leaves, they were 9-octadecenamide (33.50%), 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene (27.46%), and 1,2-benzendicarboxylic acid, diisooctyl ester(18.29%). The results showed that there were many terpenoids in the <span class="hlt">volatils</span>. In shoot <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, there existed 3 monoterpenes, 2 sequiterpenes and 1 triterpene. Most of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in roots were sesquiterpenes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27728862','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27728862"><span>Statin <span class="hlt">non</span>-adherence and <span class="hlt">residual</span> cardiovascular risk: There is need for substantial improvement.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Banach, Maciej; Stulc, Tomas; Dent, Ricardo; Toth, Peter P</p> <p>2016-12-15</p> <p>Although statin therapy has proven to be the cornerstone for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD), there are many patients for whom long-term therapy remains suboptimal. The aims of this article are to review the current complex issues associated with statin use and to explore when novel treatment approaches should be considered. Statin discontinuation as well as adherence to statin therapy remain two of the greatest challenges for lipidologists. Evidence suggests that between 40 and 75% of patients discontinue their statin therapy within one year after initiation. Furthermore, whilst the reasons for persistence with statin therapy are complex, evidence shows that low-adherence to statins negatively impacts clinical outcomes and <span class="hlt">residual</span> CV risk remains a major concern. <span class="hlt">Non</span>-adherence or lack of persistence with long-term statin therapy in real-life may be the main cause of inadequate low density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering with statins. There is a large need for the improvement of the use of statins, which have good safety profiles and are inexpensive. On the other hand, in a <span class="hlt">non</span>-cost-constrained environment, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors should arguably be used more often in those patients in whom treatment with statins remains unsatisfactory. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.115..153H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AtmEn.115..153H"><span>Characteristics and reactivity of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds from <span class="hlt">non</span>-coal emission sources in China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>He, Qiusheng; Yan, Yulong; Li, Hongyan; Zhang, Yiqiang; Chen, Laiguo; Wang, Yuhang</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) were sampled from <span class="hlt">non</span>-coal emission sources including fuel refueling, solvent use, industrial and commercial activities in China, and 62 target species were determined by gas chromatography-mass selective detector (GC-MSD). Based on the results, source profiles were developed and discussed from the aspects of composition characteristics, potential tracers, BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene) diagnostic ratios and chemical reactivity. Compared with vehicle exhausts and liquid fuels, the major components in refueling emissions of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), gasoline and diesel were alkenes and alkanes. Oppositely, aromatics were the most abundant group in emissions from auto-painting, book binding and plastic producing. Three groups contributed nearly equally in printing and commercial cooking emissions. Acetone in medical producing, chloroform and tetrachloroethylene in wet- and dry-cleaning, as well as TEX in plastic producing etc. were good tracers for the respective sources. BTEX ratios showed that some but not all VOCs sources could be distinguished by B/T, B/E and B/X ratios, while T/E, T/X and E/X ratios were not suitable as diagnostic indicators of different sources. The following reactivity analysis indicated that emissions from gasoline refueling, commercial cooking, auto painting and plastic producing had high atmospheric reactivity, and should be controlled emphatically to prevent ozone pollution, especially when there were large amounts of emissions for them.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770010218','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19770010218"><span>Analysis of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds. [trace amounts of organic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in gas samples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zlatkis, A. (Inventor)</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>An apparatus and method are described for reproducibly analyzing trace amounts of a large number of organic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> existing in a gas sample. Direct injection of the trapped <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> into a cryogenic percolum provides a sharply defined plug. Applications of the method include: (1) analyzing the headspace gas of body fluids and comparing a profile of the organic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> with standard profiles for the detection and monitoring of disease; (2) analyzing the headspace gas of foods and beverages and comparing the profile with standard profiles to monitor and control flavor and aroma; and (3) analyses for determining the organic pollutants in air or water samples.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22457628','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22457628"><span>Induced release of a plant-defense <span class="hlt">volatile</span> 'deceptively' attracts insect vectors to plants infected with a bacterial pathogen.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mann, Rajinder S; Ali, Jared G; Hermann, Sara L; Tiwari, Siddharth; Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten S; Alborn, Hans T; Stelinski, Lukasz L</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Transmission of plant pathogens by insect vectors is a complex biological process involving interactions between the plant, insect, and pathogen. Pathogen-induced plant responses can include changes in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and nonvolatile secondary metabolites as well as major plant nutrients. Experiments were conducted to understand how a plant pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), affects host preference behavior of its psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) vector. D. citri were attracted to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from pathogen-infected plants more than to those from <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected counterparts. Las-infected plants were more attractive to D. citri adults than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants initially; however after feeding, psyllids subsequently dispersed to <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected rather than infected plants as their preferred settling point. Experiments with Las-infected and <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants under complete darkness yielded similar results to those recorded under light. The behavior of psyllids in response to infected versus <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants was not influenced by whether or not they were carriers of the pathogen. Quantification of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release from <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected and infected plants supported the hypothesis that odorants mediate psyllid preference. Significantly more methyl salicylate, yet less methyl anthranilate and D-limonene, was released by infected than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants. Methyl salicylate was attractive to psyllids, while methyl anthranilate did not affect their behavior. Feeding on citrus by D. citri adults also induced release of methyl salicylate, suggesting that it may be a cue revealing location of conspecifics on host plants. Infected plants were characterized by lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, and iron, as well as, higher levels of potassium and boron than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants. Collectively, our results suggest that host selection behavior of D. citri may be modified by bacterial infection of plants, which alters release of specific headspace</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000000567&hterms=depopulation&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Ddepopulation','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20000000567&hterms=depopulation&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Ddepopulation"><span>Sources of Terrestrial <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zahnle, K. J.; Dones, L.</p> <p>1998-01-01</p> <p>Atmospheres are found enveloping those planets and satellites best able to hold them. The obvious conclusion is that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> escape must have played nearly as great a role as <span class="hlt">volatile</span> supply. A consequence of this view is that <span class="hlt">volatile</span> supplies were probably much greater than the atmospheres that remain. The likeliest candidates are sources associated with the main events of planetary accretion itself such as <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich planetesimals, or direct gravitational capture of nebular gases. Late asteroidal or cometary <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich veneers are attractive, but they present quantitative difficulties. Comets in particular are inadequate, because the associated mass of stray comets that would have been scattered to the Oort Cloud or beyond is excessive. This difficulty applies to Uranus-Neptune planetesimals as well as to a putative massive early Kuiper Belt. Another potential problem with comets is that the D/H ratio in the three comets for which this has been measured is about twice that of Earth's oceans. Objects falling from a much augmented ancient asteroid belt remain a viable option, but timing is an issue: Can the depopulation of the asteroid belt be delayed long enough that it makes sense to talk of asteroids as a late veneer? Early accretion of asteroids as objects scattered into the maw of infant Earth makes more sense. Another appealing candidate population of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-rich objects for the inner solar system would be scattered planetesimals associated with the accretion of Jupiter, for two reasons: (1) Before there was Jupiter, there was no object in the solar system capable of expelling comets efficiently, and (2) the cross section of the inner solar system to stray objects was Greater when there were m many planetesimals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4758952','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4758952"><span>Methylation of RNA polymerase II <span class="hlt">non</span>-consensus Lysine <span class="hlt">residues</span> marks early transcription in mammalian cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Dias, João D; Rito, Tiago; Torlai Triglia, Elena; Kukalev, Alexander; Ferrai, Carmelo; Chotalia, Mita; Brookes, Emily; Kimura, Hiroshi; Pombo, Ana</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Dynamic post-translational modification of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) coordinates the co-transcriptional recruitment of enzymatic complexes that regulate chromatin states and processing of nascent RNA. Extensive phosphorylation of serine <span class="hlt">residues</span> at the largest RNAPII subunit occurs at its structurally-disordered C-terminal domain (CTD), which is composed of multiple heptapeptide repeats with consensus sequence Y1-S2-P3-T4-S5-P6-S7. Serine-5 and Serine-7 phosphorylation mark transcription initiation, whereas Serine-2 phosphorylation coincides with productive elongation. In vertebrates, the CTD has eight <span class="hlt">non</span>-canonical substitutions of Serine-7 into Lysine-7, which can be acetylated (K7ac). Here, we describe mono- and di-methylation of CTD Lysine-7 <span class="hlt">residues</span> (K7me1 and K7me2). K7me1 and K7me2 are observed during the earliest transcription stages and precede or accompany Serine-5 and Serine-7 phosphorylation. In contrast, K7ac is associated with RNAPII elongation, Serine-2 phosphorylation and mRNA expression. We identify an unexpected balance between RNAPII K7 methylation and acetylation at gene promoters, which fine-tunes gene expression levels. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11215.001 PMID:26687004</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..499..224K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..499..224K"><span>Testing CEV stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models using implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> index data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kim, Jungmu; Park, Yuen Jung; Ryu, Doojin</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We test the goodness-of-fit of stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> (SV) models using the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> index of the KOSPI200 options (VKOSPI). The likelihood ratio tests reject the Heston and Hull-White SV models, whether or not they include jumps. Our estimation results advocate the unconstrained constant elasticity of variance (CEV) model with return jumps for describing the physical-measure dynamics of the spot index. The sub-period analysis shows that there was a significant increase in the size and frequency of jumps during the crisis period, when compared to those in the normal periods.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110012684','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110012684"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Analyzer for Lunar Polar Missions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Gibons, Everett K.; Pillinger, Colin T.; McKay, David S.; Waugh, Lester J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>One of the major questions remaining for the future exploration of the Moon by humans concerns the presence of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on our nearest neighbor in space. Observational studies, and investigations involving returned lunar samples and using robotic spacecraft infer the existence of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds particularly water [1]. It seems very likely that a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> component will be concentrated at the poles in circumstances where low-temperatures exist to provide cryogenic traps. However, the full inventory of species, their concentration and their origin and sources are unknown. Of particular importance is whether abundances are sufficient to act as a resource of consumables for future lunar expeditions especially if a long-term base involving humans is to be established. To address some of these issues requires a lander designed specifically for operation at a high-lunar latitude. A vital part of the payload needs to be a <span class="hlt">volatile</span> analyzer such as the Gas Analysis Package specifically designed for identification quantification of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> substances and collecting information which will allow the origin of these <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> to be identified [1]. The equipment included, particularly the gas analyzer, must be capable of operation in the extreme environmental conditions to be encountered. No accurate information yet exists regarding <span class="hlt">volatile</span> concentration even for sites closer to the lunar equator (because of contamination). In this respect it will be important to understand (and thus limit) contamination of the lunar surface by extraneous material contributed from a variety of sources. The only data for the concentrations of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> at the poles comes from orbiting spacecraft and whilst the levels at high latitudes may be greater than at the equator, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> analyzer package under consideration will be designed to operate at the highest specifications possible and in a way that does not compromise the data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704548','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19704548"><span>Production and emission of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds by petal cells.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baudino, Sylvie; Caissard, Jean-Claude; Bergougnoux, Véronique; Jullien, Frédéric; Magnard, Jean-Louis; Scalliet, Gabriel; Cock, J Mark; Hugueney, Philippe</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>We localized the tissues and cells that contribute to scent biosynthesis in scented and <span class="hlt">non</span>-scented Rosa x hybrida cultivars as part of a detailed cytological analysis of the rose petal. Adaxial petal epidermal cells have a typical conical, papillate shape whereas abaxial petal epidermal cells are flat. Using two different techniques, solid/liquid phase extraction and headspace collection of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, we showed that, in roses, both epidermal layers are capable of producing and emitting scent <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, despite the different morphologies of the cells of these two tissues. Moreover, OOMT, an enzyme involved in scent molecule biosynthesis, was localized in both epidermal layers. These results are discussed in view of results found in others species such as Antirrhinum majus, where it has been shown that the adaxial epidermis is the preferential site of scent production and emission.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2634358','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2634358"><span>Production and Emission of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Compounds by Petal Cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Caissard, Jean-Claude; Bergougnoux, Véronique; Jullien, Frédéric; Magnard, Jean-Louis; Scalliet, Gabriel; Cock, J Mark; Hugueney, Philippe</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>We localized the tissues and cells that contribute to scent biosynthesis in scented and <span class="hlt">non</span>-scented Rosa × hybrida cultivars as part of a detailed cytological analysis of the rose petal. Adaxial petal epidermal cells have a typical conical, papillate shape whereas abaxial petal epidermal cells are flat. Using two different techniques, solid/liquid phase extraction and headspace collection of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, we showed that, in roses, both epidermal layers are capable of producing and emitting scent <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, despite the different morphologies of the cells of these two tissues. Moreover, OOMT, an enzyme involved in scent molecule biosynthesis, was localized in both epidermal layers. These results are discussed in view of results found in others species such as Antirrhinum majus, where it has been shown that the adaxial epidermis is the preferential site of scent production and emission. PMID:19704548</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6148864-volatilization-mercury-compounds-methylmercury-volatilizing-bacteria-minamata-bay-sediment','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6148864-volatilization-mercury-compounds-methylmercury-volatilizing-bacteria-minamata-bay-sediment"><span><span class="hlt">Volatilization</span> of mercury compounds by methylmercury-<span class="hlt">volatilizing</span> bacteria in Minamata Bay sediment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Nakamura, K.; Sakata, T.; Nakahara, H.</p> <p>1988-11-01</p> <p>Minamata Bay has been heavily polluted by high mercury concentrations which gave rise for a long time to methylmercury poisoning, Minamata disease (Kutsuna 1968; Irukayama 1977). The mercury still exists in the sediments of the Bay. The population of mercury-resistant bacteria in the sediments of Minamata Bay is larger than that in the sediments of other marine environments. The mercury-resistant bacteria isolated from a marine environment have been found to transform organic and inorganic mercury compounds into mercury vapor. The mercury-resistance confirmed in various bacterial genera has been shown to be plasmid-mediated <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. However, there has been little definitive informationmore » on the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of organic mercury by the bacteria living in the mercury-polluted environment. It is important to know what bacterial transformations of mercury have been taking place and how the mercury-resistant bacteria may be playing a role in the mercury cycle in the marine environment of Minamata Bay. The object of the present study is to clarify the characteristics of the methylmercury-<span class="hlt">volatilizing</span> bacteria in the sediments of Minamata Bay and of the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> of various mercury compounds by these bacteria.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1910c0006H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1910c0006H"><span>A DG approach to the numerical solution of the Stein-Stein stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> option pricing model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hozman, J.; Tichý, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models enable to capture the real world features of the options better than the classical Black-Scholes treatment. Here we focus on pricing of European-style options under the Stein-Stein stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span> model when the option value depends on the time, on the price of the underlying asset and on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> as a function of a mean reverting Orstein-Uhlenbeck process. A standard mathematical approach to this model leads to the <span class="hlt">non</span>-stationary second-order degenerate partial differential equation of two spatial variables completed by the system of boundary and terminal conditions. In order to improve the numerical valuation process for a such pricing equation, we propose a numerical technique based on the discontinuous Galerkin method and the Crank-Nicolson scheme. Finally, reference numerical experiments on real market data illustrate comprehensive empirical findings on options with stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058155','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26058155"><span>Identification of octanal as plant growth inhibitory <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound released from Heracleum sosnowskyi fruit.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mishyna, Maryia; Laman, Nikolai; Prokhorov, Valery; Maninang, John Solomon; Fujii, Yoshiharu</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden of the Apiaceae family is a malignant invasive plant in Eastern Europe, Belarus and Russia. The species is known for its prolific seed production, which has been linked to the plant's invasive success. The fruit also has a strong aroma, but the contribution of the fruit's <span class="hlt">volatile</span> constituent to out-compete neighboring plants has not been fully established. In this study, fruit <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> of H. sosnowskyi and conspecifics (i.e. H. asperum, H. lescovii, H. dissectum, H. hirtum) were identified by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC-MS). Octyl acetate, octanol, octanal, hexyl isobutyrate, and hexyl-2-methyl butyrate were found to be the principal <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Using authentic standards, the growth-inhibitory property of the individual compounds was assayed by the novel Cotton swab method. Assay results with lettuce (Lactuca sativa) showed that octanal strongly inhibited seed germination and radicle elongation of seedlings. The results suggest that octanal may be the main contributor to the allelopathic activity of H. sosnowksyi fruits. Furthermore, the mixture of fruit <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from the invasive H. sosnowskyi more strongly delayed lettuce seedling elongation than the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from fruits of the <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasive H. asperum, H. lescovii, H. dissectum and H. hirtum. Thus, the present study is the first to demonstrate the possible involvement of fruit <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> of Heracleum species in plant-plant interaction.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.1729C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ACP....18.1729C"><span><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> measurement of atmospheric submicron aerosols in an urban atmosphere in southern China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cao, Li-Ming; Huang, Xiao-Feng; Li, Yuan-Yuan; Hu, Min; He, Ling-Yan</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Aerosol pollution has been a very serious environmental problem in China for many years. The <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of aerosols can affect the distribution of compounds in the gas and aerosol phases, the atmospheric fates of the corresponding components, and the measurement of the concentration of aerosols. Compared to the characterization of chemical composition, few studies have focused on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of aerosols in China. In this study, a thermodenuder aerosol mass spectrometer (TD-AMS) system was deployed to study the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of <span class="hlt">non</span>-refractory submicron particulate matter (PM1) species during winter in Shenzhen. To our knowledge, this paper is the first report of the <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> of aerosol chemical components based on a TD-AMS system in China. The average PM1 mass concentration during the experiment was 42.7±20.1 µg m-3, with organic aerosol (OA) being the most abundant component (43.2 % of the total mass). The <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of chemical species measured by the AMS varied, with nitrate showing the highest <span class="hlt">volatility</span>, with a mass fraction remaining (MFR) of 0.57 at 50 °C. Organics showed semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span> characteristics (the MFR was 0.88 at 50 °C), and the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> had a relatively linear correlation with the TD temperature (from the ambient temperature to 200 °C), with an evaporation rate of 0.45 % °C-1. Five subtypes of OA were resolved from total OA using positive matrix factorization (PMF) for data obtained under both ambient temperature and high temperatures through the TD, including a hydrocarbon-like OA (HOA, accounting for 13.5 %), a cooking OA (COA, 20.6 %), a biomass-burning OA (BBOA, 8.9 %), and two oxygenated OAs (OOAs): a less-oxidized OOA (LO-OOA, 39.1 %) and a more-oxidized OOA (MO-OOA, 17.9 %). Different OA factors presented different <span class="hlt">volatilities</span>, and the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> sequence of the OA factors at 50 °C was HOA (MFR of 0.56) > LO-OOA (0.70) > COA (0.85) ≈ BBOA (0.87) > MO-OOA (0.99), which was not completely consistent with the sequence of their O</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=498570','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=498570"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> fatty acids in the diagnosis of <span class="hlt">non</span>-specific vaginitis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ison, C A; Easmon, C S; Dawson, S G; Southerton, G; Harris, J W</p> <p>1983-01-01</p> <p>In the vaginal washings of 100 women with symptomatic <span class="hlt">non</span>-specific vaginitis a succinate/lactate ratio of greater than or equal to 0.4 had a diagnostic sensitivity of 80%, a specificity of 83% for this condition. The predictive value of a positive test was 94%, but that of a negative test was only 55%. A strong association between the presence of Gardnerella vaginalis, anaerobes, a vaginal pH of above 4.5, and amines was found not only in <span class="hlt">non</span>-specific vaginitis, but also in trichomonal and gonococcal infection. A variety of primary changes may encourage the multiplication of both gardnerellae and anaerobes and their presence in <span class="hlt">non</span>-specific vaginitis may be a secondary rather than a primary event. PMID:6606653</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=244707','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=244707"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> profiles of toxigenic and <span class="hlt">non</span>-toxigenic Aspergillus flavus using SPME for solid phase extraction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Toxigenic and atoxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) and wetted sterile, cracked corn for 21 and 14 days, respectively. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds produced by A. flavus, as well as those present in the PDA controls and sterile cracked corn, were collected using sol...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442742','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28442742"><span><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> logic gates based on planar Hall effect in magnetic films with two in-plane easy axes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Lee, Sangyeop; Bac, Seul-Ki; Choi, Seonghoon; Lee, Hakjoon; Yoo, Taehee; Lee, Sanghoon; Liu, Xinyu; Dobrowolska, M; Furdyna, Jacek K</p> <p>2017-04-25</p> <p>We discuss the use of planar Hall effect (PHE) in a ferromagnetic GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes as a means for achieving novel logic functionalities. We show that the switching of magnetization between the easy axes in a GaMnAs film depends strongly on the magnitude of the current flowing through the film due to thermal effects that modify its magnetic anisotropy. Planar Hall resistance in a GaMnAs film with two in-plane easy axes shows well-defined maxima and minima that can serve as two binary logic states. By choosing appropriate magnitudes of the input current for the GaMnAs Hall device, magnetic logic functions can then be achieved. Specifically, <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> logic functionalities such as AND, OR, NAND, and NOR gates can be obtained in such a device by selecting appropriate initial conditions. These results, involving a simple PHE device, hold promise for realizing programmable logic elements in magnetic electronics.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT........27Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005PhDT........27Y"><span>Investigation of atmospheric pressure capillary <span class="hlt">non</span>-thermal plasmas and their applications to the degradation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, Shu-Min</p> <p></p> <p>Atmospheric pressure capillary <span class="hlt">non</span>-thermal plasma (AP-CNTP) has been investigated as a potential technology far the removal of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) in Advanced Life Support Systems (ALS). AP-CNTP is a destructive technology far the removal of VOCs from air streams by active plasma species, such as electrons, ions, and excited molecules. Complete VOC destruction ideally results in the formation of water, carbon dioxide (CO2), and other by-product's may also form, including ozone (O3), nitrous oxide (N2O), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and decomposed hydrocarbons. Several organic compounds, such as BTEX, ethylene, n-heptane, isooctane, methanol and NH3, were tested in an AP-CNTP system. Parametric experiments were carried out by varying plasma discharge power, flowrates, and initial concentrations. The degradation efficiency varied depending on the chemical nature of the compounds. A plasmochemical kinetic model was derived for toluene, ethylbenzene, and m-xylene and n-heptane.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.198..360G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017GeCoA.198..360G"><span>Transfer of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and metals from mafic to felsic magmas in composite magma chambers: An experimental study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Guo, Haihao; Audétat, Andreas</p> <p>2017-02-01</p> <p>In order to determine the behavior of metals and <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> during intrusion of mafic magma into the base of silicic, upper crustal magma chambers, fluid-rock partition coefficients (Dfluid/rock) of Li, B, Na, S, Cl, K, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr, Ba, Ce, Cu, Zn, Ag, Cd, Mo, As, Se, Sb, Te, W, Tl, Pb and Bi were determined experimentally at 2 kbar and 850 °C close to the solidus of mafic magma. In a first step, <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-bearing mafic glasses were prepared by melting a natural basaltic trachyandesite in the presence of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>-bearing fluids at 1200 °C/10 kbar in piston cylinder presses. The hydrous glasses were then equilibrated in subsequent experiments at 850 °C/2 kbar in cold-seal pressure vessels, which caused 80-90% of the melt to crystallize. After 0.5-2.0 days of equilibration, the exsolved fluid was trapped by means of in-situ fracturing in the form of synthetic fluid inclusions in quartz. Both the mafic rock <span class="hlt">residue</span> and the fluid inclusions were subsequently analyzed by laser-ablation ICP-MS for major and trace elements. Reverse experiments were conducted by equilibrating metal-bearing aqueous solutions with rock powder and then trapping the fluid. In two additional experiments, information on relative element mobilities were obtained by reacting fluids that exsolved from crystallizing mafic magma with overlying silicic melts. The combined results suggest that under the studied conditions S, Cl, Cu, Se, Br, Cd and Te are most <span class="hlt">volatile</span> (Dfluid/rock >10), followed by Li, B, Zn, As, Ag, Sb, Cs, W, Tl, Pb and Bi (Dfluid/rock = 1-10). Less <span class="hlt">volatile</span> are Na, Mg, K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Rb, Sr, Mo and Rb (Dfluid/rock 0.1-1), and the least fluid-mobile elements are Al, Si, Ti, Zr, Ba and Ce (Dfluid/rock <0.1). This trend is broadly consistent with relative element <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> determined on natural high-temperature fumarole gases, although some differences exist. Based on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> data and measured mineral-melt and sulfide-melt partition coefficients, <span class="hlt">volatile</span> fluxing in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2808012','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=2808012"><span>Two-Stage Fungal Pre-Treatment for Improved Biogas Production from Sisal Leaf Decortication <span class="hlt">Residues</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Muthangya, Mutemi; Mshandete, Anthony Manoni; Kivaisi, Amelia Kajumulo</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Sisal leaf decortications <span class="hlt">residue</span> (SLDR) is amongst the most abundant agro-industrial <span class="hlt">residues</span> in Tanzania and is a good feedstock for biogas production. Pre-treatment of the <span class="hlt">residue</span> prior to its anaerobic digestion (AD) was investigated using a two-stage pre-treatment approach with two fungal strains, CCHT-1 and Trichoderma reesei in succession in anaerobic batch bioreactors. AD of the pre-treated <span class="hlt">residue</span> with CCTH-1 at 10% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) inoculum concentration incubated for four days followed by incubation for eight days with 25% (wet weight inoculum/SLDR) of T. reesei gave a methane yield of 0.292 ± 0.04 m3 CH4/kg <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids (VS)added. On reversing the pre-treatment succession of the fungal inocula using the same parameters followed by AD, methane yield decreased by about 55%. Generally, an increment in the range of 30–101% in methane yield in comparison to the un-treated SLDR was obtained. The results confirmed the potential of CCHT-1 followed by Trichoderma reesei fungi pre-treatment prior to AD to achieve significant improvement in biogas production from SLDR. PMID:20087466</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001844','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120001844"><span>Core-Mantle Partitioning of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Siderophile Elements and the Origin of <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> Elements in the Earth</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nickodem, K.; Righter, K.; Danielson, L.; Pando, K.; Lee, C.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>There are currently several hypotheses on the origin of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> siderophile elements in the Earth. One hypothesis is that they were added during Earth s accretion and core formation and mobilized into the metallic core [1], others claim multiple stage origin [2], while some hypothesize that <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> were added after the core already formed [3]. Several <span class="hlt">volatile</span> siderophile elements are depleted in Earth s mantle relative to the chondrites, something which continues to puzzle many scientists. This depletion is likely due to a combination of <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and core formation. The Earth s core is composed of Fe and some lighter constituents, although the abundances of these lighter elements are unknown [4]. Si is one of these potential light elements [5] although few studies have analyzed the effect of Si on metal-silicate partitioning, in particular the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements. As, In, Ge, and Sb are trace <span class="hlt">volatile</span> siderophile elements which are depleted in the mantle but have yet to be extensively studied. The metal-silicate partition coefficients of these elements will be measured to determine the effect of Si. Partition coefficients depend on temperature, pressure, oxygen fugacity, and metal and silicate composition and can constrain the concentrations of <span class="hlt">volatile</span>, siderophile elements found in the mantle. Reported here are the results from 13 experiments examining the partitioning of As, In, Ge, and Sb between metallic and silicate liquid. These experiments will examine the effect of temperature, and metal-composition (i.e., Si content) on these elements in or-der to gain a greater understanding of the core-mantle separation which occurred during the Earth s early stages. The data can then be applied to the origin of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> elements in the Earth.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhD...50X5002Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhD...50X5002Z"><span>Radiation-hardened MRAM-based LUT for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> FPGA soft error mitigation with multi-node upset tolerance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zand, Ramtin; DeMara, Ronald F.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>In this paper, we have developed a radiation-hardened <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> lookup table (LUT) circuit utilizing spin Hall effect (SHE)-magnetic random access memory (MRAM) devices. The design is motivated by modeling the effect of radiation particles striking hybrid complementary metal oxide semiconductor/spin based circuits, and the resistive behavior of SHE-MRAM devices via established and precise physics equations. The models developed are leveraged in the SPICE circuit simulator to verify the functionality of the proposed design. The proposed hardening technique is based on using feedback transistors, as well as increasing the radiation capacity of the sensitive nodes. Simulation results show that our proposed LUT circuit can achieve multiple node upset (MNU) tolerance with more than 38% and 60% power-delay product improvement as well as 26% and 50% reduction in device count compared to the previous energy-efficient radiation-hardened LUT designs. Finally, we have performed a process variation analysis showing that the MNU immunity of our proposed circuit is realized at the cost of increased susceptibility to transistor and MRAM variations compared to an unprotected LUT design.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3893655','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3893655"><span>Three-dimensional micro/nano-scale structure fabricated by combination of <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> polymerizable RTIL and FIB irradiation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Kuwabata, Susumu; Minamimoto, Hiro; Inoue, Kosuke; Imanishi, Akihito; Hosoya, Ken; Uyama, Hiroshi; Torimoto, Tsukasa; Tsuda, Tetsuya; Seki, Shu</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Room-temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) has been widely investigated as a nonvolatile solvent as well as a unique liquid material because of its interesting features, e.g., negligible vapor pressure and high thermal stability. Here we report that a <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> polymerizable RTIL is a useful starting material for the fabrication of micro/nano-scale polymer structures with a focused-ion-beam (FIB) system operated under high-vacuum condition. Gallium-ion beam irradiation to the polymerizable 1-allyl-3-ethylimidazolium bis((trifluoromethane)sulfonyl)amide RTIL layer spread on a Si wafer induced a polymerization reaction without difficulty. What is interesting to note is that we have succeeded in provoking the polymerization reaction anywhere on the Si wafer substrate by using FIB irradiation with a raster scanning mode. By this finding, two- and three-dimensional micro/nano-scale polymer structure fabrications were possible at the resolution of 500,000 dpi. Even intricate three-dimensional micro/nano-figures with overhang and hollow moieties could be constructed at the resolution of approximately 100 nm. PMID:24430465</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEMat.tmp..184Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JEMat.tmp..184Y"><span>Microwave-Assisted Size Control of Colloidal Nickel Nanocrystals for Colloidal Nanocrystals-Based <span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> Memory Devices</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yadav, Manoj; Velampati, Ravi Shankar R.; Mandal, D.; Sharma, Rohit</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Colloidal synthesis and size control of nickel (Ni) nanocrystals (NCs) below 10 nm are reported using a microwave synthesis method. The synthesised colloidal NCs have been characterized using x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). XRD analysis highlights the face centred cubic crystal structure of synthesised NCs. The size of NCs observed using TEM and DLS have a distribution between 2.6 nm and 10 nm. Furthermore, atomic force microscopy analysis of spin-coated NCs over a silicon dioxide surface has been carried out to identify an optimum spin condition that can be used for the fabrication of a metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory (NVM) capacitor. Subsequently, the fabrication of a MOS NVM capacitor is reported to demonstrate the potential application of colloidal synthesized Ni NCs in NVM devices. We also report the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and capacitance-time (C-t) response of the fabricated MOS NVM capacitor. The C-V and C-t characteristics depict a large flat band voltage shift (V FB) and high retention time, respectively, which indicate that colloidal Ni NCs are excellent candidates for applications in next-generation NVM devices.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6889423-methane-generation-from-cattle-residue-dirt-feedlot-final-report','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6889423-methane-generation-from-cattle-residue-dirt-feedlot-final-report"><span>Methane generation from cattle <span class="hlt">residue</span> at a dirt feedlot. Final report</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Lizdas, D.J.; Coe, W.B.; Turk, M.</p> <p>1980-08-01</p> <p>In order to investigate the feasibility of producing fuel gas and an energy-intensive refeed product from dirt feedlot <span class="hlt">residues</span> by anaerobic fermentation, the Department of Energy awarded Hamilton Standard a contract to operate the Hamilton Standard mobile processing unit at the Monfort of Colorado Kuner feedlot. During the test program a stable fermentation was achieved utilizing aged feedlot pen <span class="hlt">residue</span> after a sufficient adaption period was provided. Methane yields varied considerably as a function of feedstock source; as low as 1.3 cubic feet per pound of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids from the feedlot stockpile, and as high as 3.5 cubic feet frommore » one of the feedlot pens. Average yield from all pens was 2.5 cubic feed of methane per pound of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids processed. The fermentor liquid effluent and dewatered effluent were acceptable to cattle as a feed ingredient and were used to provide one-half the daily supplemental protein for two groups of twenty steers each. Weight gains and feed conversion were nearly the same as for cattle fed the normal ration. Data from the test program were used to evaluate the economics of producing fuel gas at a large dirt feedlot. A preliminary design for a full scale system to produce unscrubbed fuel gas for the Monfort Kuner feedlot was developed, from which capital and operating costs were estimated. The production cost of fuel gas was then established as a function of byproduct credit given to the fermentor <span class="hlt">residue</span> as a refeed product. With zero credit, gas can be produced at $6.30 per million Btu. When a credit is assigned to the refeed product based on the cost of urea as a protein source, the production cost falls to $2.70 per million Btu. When a credit is assigned to the refeed product based on the cost of cottonseed meal as a protein source, the production cost is -$21, indicating that the system produces a net income from the value of the refeed product.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19159981','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19159981"><span>Herbivore-induced <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in the perennial shrub, Vaccinium corymbosum, and their role in inter-branch signaling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E; Frost, Christopher J</p> <p>2009-02-01</p> <p>Herbivore feeding activates plant defenses at the site of damage as well as systemically. Systemic defenses can be induced internally by signals transported via phloem or xylem, or externally transmitted by <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> emitted from the damaged tissues. We investigated the role of herbivore-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (HIPVs) in activating a defense response between branches in blueberry plants. Blueberries are perennial shrubs that grow by initiating adventitious shoots from a basal crown, which produce new lateral branches. This type of growth constrains vascular connections between shoots and branches within plants. While we found that leaves within a branch were highly connected, vascular connectivity was limited between branches within shoots and absent between branches from different shoots. Larval feeding by gypsy moth, exogenous methyl jasmonate, and mechanical damage differentially induced <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions in blueberry plants, and there was a positive correlation between amount of insect damage and <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emission rates. Herbivore damage did not affect systemic defense induction when we isolated systemic branches from external exposure to HIPVs. Thus, internal signals were not capable of triggering systemic defenses among branches. However, exposure of branches to HIPVs from an adjacent branch decreased larval consumption by 70% compared to those exposed to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from undamaged branches. This reduction in leaf consumption did not result in decreased <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions, indicating that leaves became more responsive to herbivory (or "primed") after being exposed to HIPVs. Chemical profiles of leaves damaged by gypsy moth caterpillars, exposed to HIPVs, or <span class="hlt">non</span>-damaged controls revealed that HIPV-exposed leaves had greater chemical similarities to damaged leaves than to control leaves. Insect-damaged leaves and young HIPV-exposed leaves had higher amounts of endogenous cis-jasmonic acid compared to undamaged and <span class="hlt">non</span>-exposed leaves, respectively. Our results</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28194','DOTNTL'); return false;" href="https://rosap.ntl.bts.gov/view/dot/28194"><span>A quantitative <span class="hlt">non</span>-destructive <span class="hlt">residual</span> stress assessment tool for pipelines.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntlsearch.bts.gov/tris/index.do">DOT National Transportation Integrated Search</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-09-01</p> <p>G2MT successfully demonstrated the eStress system, a powerful new nondestructive evaluation : system for analyzing through-thickness <span class="hlt">residual</span> stresses in mechanical damaged areas of steel : pipelines. The eStress system is designed to help pipe...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A13D0373V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.A13D0373V"><span>Retooling Predictive Relations for <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> PM by Comparison to Measurements</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Vander Wal, R. L.; Abrahamson, J. P.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Non-volatile</span> particulate matter (nvPM) emissions from jet aircraft at cruise altitude are of particular interest for climate and atmospheric processes but are difficult to measure and are normally approximated. To provide such inventory estimates the present approach is to use measured, ground-based values with scaling to cruise (engine operating) conditions. Several points are raised by this approach. First is what ground based values to use. Empirical and semi-empirical approaches, such as the revised first order approximation (FOA3) and formation-oxidation (FOX) methods, each with embedded assumptions are available to calculate a ground-based black carbon concentration, CBC. Second is the scaling relation that can depend upon the ratios of fuel-air equivalence, pressure, and combustor flame temperature. We are using measured ground-based values to evaluate the accuracy of present methods towards developing alternative methods for CBCby smoke number or via a semi-empirical kinetic method for the specific engine, CFM56-2C, representative of a rich-dome style combustor, and as one of the most prevalent engine families in commercial use. Applying scaling relations to measured ground based values and comparison to measurements at cruise evaluates the accuracy of current scaling formalism. In partnership with GE Aviation, performing engine cycle deck calculations enables critical comparison between estimated or predicted thermodynamic parameters and true (engine) operational values for the CFM56-2C engine. Such specific comparisons allow tracing differences between predictive estimates for, and measurements of nvPM to their origin - as either divergence of input parameters or in the functional form of the predictive relations. Such insights will lead to development of new predictive tools for jet aircraft nvPM emissions. Such validated relations can then be extended to alternative fuels with confidence in operational thermodynamic values and functional form</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010067295','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20010067295"><span>Improved Detection Technique for Solvent Rinse Cleanliness Verification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hornung, S. D.; Beeson, H. D.</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The NASA White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) has an ongoing effort to reduce or eliminate usage of cleaning solvents such as CFC-113 and its replacements. These solvents are used in the final clean and cleanliness verification processes for flight and ground support hardware, especially for oxygen systems where organic contaminants can pose an ignition hazard. For the final cleanliness verification in the standard process, the equivalent of one square foot of surface area of parts is rinsed with the solvent, and the final 100 mL of the rinse is captured. The amount of nonvolatile <span class="hlt">residue</span> (<span class="hlt">NVR</span>) in the solvent is determined by weight after the evaporation of the solvent. An improved process of sampling this rinse, developed at WSTF, requires evaporation of less than 2 mL of the solvent to make the cleanliness verification. Small amounts of the solvent are evaporated in a clean stainless steel cup, and the cleanliness of the stainless steel cup is measured using a commercially available surface quality monitor. The effectiveness of this new cleanliness verification technique was compared to the accepted <span class="hlt">NVR</span> sampling procedures. Testing with known contaminants in solution, such as hydraulic fluid, fluorinated lubricants, and cutting and lubricating oils, was performed to establish a correlation between amount in solution and the process response. This report presents the approach and results and discusses the issues in establishing the surface quality monitor-based cleanliness verification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102661','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102661"><span>A bioassay for studying behavioural responses of the common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) to bed bug-derived <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Weeks, E N I; Logan, J G; Gezan, S A; Woodcock, C M; Birkett, M A; Pickett, J A; Cameron, M M</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>The common bed bug, Cimex lectularius (Hemiptera: Cimicidae), has recently re-emerged in increasing numbers, distribution and intensity of infestation in many countries. Current control relies on the application of <span class="hlt">residual</span> pesticides; but, due to the development of insecticide resistance, there is a need for new tools and techniques. Semiochemicals (behaviour and physiology modifying chemicals) could be exploited for management of bed bugs. However, in order to identify semiochemicals that can be utilised in monitoring or control, a suitable olfactometer is needed that enables the study of the responses of bed bugs to <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals. Previous studies have used olfactometers that do not separate olfactory responses from responses to physical contact. In this study, a still-air olfactometer was used to measure behavioural responses to different bed bug-derived <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> presented in an odour pot. Bed bugs were significantly more likely to visit the area above the odour pot first, and more frequently, in the presence of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from bed bug-exposed paper but not in the presence of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from conspecific bed bugs. Bed bug activity was found to be dependent on the presence of the <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from bed bug-exposed paper, the time during the scotophase and the sex of the insect being tested. The still-air olfactometer could be used to test putative semiochemicals, which would allow an understanding of their behavioural role in bed bug ecology. Ultimately, this could lead to the identification of new semiochemical tools for bed bug monitoring and control.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3141620','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3141620"><span><span class="hlt">Residual</span>-QSAR. Implications for genotoxic carcinogenesis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Introduction Both main types of carcinogenesis, genotoxic and epigenetic, were examined in the context of <span class="hlt">non</span>-congenericity and similarity, respectively, for the structure of ligand molecules, emphasizing the role of quantitative structure-activity relationship ((Q)SAR) studies in accordance with OECD (Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development) regulations. The main purpose of this report involves electrophilic theory and the need for meaningful physicochemical parameters to describe genotoxicity by a general mechanism. <span class="hlt">Residual</span>-QSAR Method The double or looping multiple linear correlation was examined by comparing the direct and <span class="hlt">residual</span> structural information against the observed activity. A self-consistent equation of observed-computed activity was assumed to give maximum correlation efficiency for those situations in which the direct correlations gave <span class="hlt">non</span>-significant statistical information. Alternatively, it was also suited to describe slow and apparently <span class="hlt">non</span>-noticeable cancer phenomenology, with special application to <span class="hlt">non</span>-congeneric molecules involved in genotoxic carcinogenesis. Application and Discussions The QSAR principles were systematically applied to a given pool of molecules with genotoxic activity in rats to elucidate their carcinogenic mechanisms. Once defined, the endpoint associated with ligand-DNA interaction was used to select variables that retained the main Hansch physicochemical parameters of hydrophobicity, polarizability and stericity, computed by the custom PM3 semiempirical quantum method. The trial and test sets of working molecules were established by implementing the normal Gaussian principle of activities that applies when the applicability domain is not restrained to the congeneric compounds, as in the present study. The application of the <span class="hlt">residual</span>, self-consistent QSAR method and the factor (or average) method yielded results characterized by extremely high and low correlations, respectively, with the latter resembling</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhyA..289..249G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001PhyA..289..249G"><span>Scaling properties of foreign exchange <span class="hlt">volatility</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gençay, Ramazan; Selçuk, Faruk; Whitcher, Brandon</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>In this paper, we investigate the scaling properties of foreign exchange <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. Our methodology is based on a wavelet multi-scaling approach which decomposes the variance of a time series and the covariance between two time series on a scale by scale basis through the application of a discrete wavelet transformation. It is shown that foreign exchange rate <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> follow different scaling laws at different horizons. Particularly, there is a smaller degree of persistence in intra-day <span class="hlt">volatility</span> as compared to <span class="hlt">volatility</span> at one day and higher scales. Therefore, a common practice in the risk management industry to convert risk measures calculated at shorter horizons into longer horizons through a global scaling parameter may not be appropriate. This paper also demonstrates that correlation between the foreign exchange <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> is the lowest at the intra-day scales but exhibits a gradual increase up to a daily scale. The correlation coefficient stabilizes at scales one day and higher. Therefore, the benefit of currency diversification is the greatest at the intra-day scales and diminishes gradually at higher scales (lower frequencies). The wavelet cross-correlation analysis also indicates that the association between two <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> is stronger at lower frequencies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20383375','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20383375"><span>Halogenated hydrocarbon pesticides and other <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic contaminants provide analytical challenges in global trading.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Budnik, Lygia T; Fahrenholtz, Svea; Kloth, Stefan; Baur, Xaver</p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>Protection against infestation of a container cargo by alien species is achieved by mandatory fumigation with pesticides. Most of the effective fumigants are methyl and ethyl halide gases that are highly toxic and are a risk to both human health and the environment. There is a worldwide need for a reliable and robust analytical screening procedure for these <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chemicals in a multitude of health and environmental scenarios. We have established a highly sensitive broad spectrum mass spectrometry method combined with thermal desorption gas chromatography to detect, identify and quantify <span class="hlt">volatile</span> pesticide <span class="hlt">residues</span>. Using this method, 1201 random ambient air samples taken from freight containers arriving at the biggest European ports of Hamburg and Rotterdam were analyzed over a period of two and a half years. This analytical procedure is a valuable strategy to measure air pollution from these hazardous chemicals, to help in the identification of pesticides in the new mixtures/formulations that are being adopted globally and to analyze expired breath samples after suspected intoxication in biomonitoring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009amec.book..119T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009amec.book..119T"><span>Adaptive Sniping for <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> and Stable Continuous Double Auction Markets</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Toft, I. E.; Bagnall, A. J.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper introduces a new adaptive sniping agent for the Continuous Double Auction. We begin by analysing the performance of the well known Kaplan sniper in two extremes of market conditions. We generate <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and stable market conditions using the well known Zero Intelligence-Constrained agent and a new zero-intelligence agent Small Increment (SI). ZI-C agents submit random but profitable bids/offers and cause high <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in prices and individual trader performance. Our new zero-intelligence agent, SI, makes small random adjustments to the outstanding bid/offer and hence is more cautious than ZI-C. We present results for SI in self-play and then analyse Kaplan in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and stable markets. We demonstrate that the <span class="hlt">non</span>-adaptive Kaplan sniper can be configured to suit either market conditions, but no single configuration is performs well across both market types. We believe that in a dynamic auction environment where current or future market conditions cannot be predicted a viable sniping strategy should adapt its behaviour to suit prevailing market conditions. To this end, we propose the Adaptive Sniper (AS) agent for the CDA. AS traders classify sniping opportunities using a statistical model of market activity and adjust their classification thresholds using a Widrow-Hoff adapted search. Our AS agent requires little configuration, and outperforms the original Kaplan sniper in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and stable markets, and in a mixed trader type scenario that includes adaptive strategies from the literature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5209G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.5209G"><span>A Monte-Carlo Analysis of Organic <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> with Aerosol Microphysics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gao, Chloe; Tsigaridis, Kostas; Bauer, Susanne E.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>A newly developed box model, MATRIX-VBS, includes the <span class="hlt">volatility</span>-basis set (VBS) framework in an aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state), which resolves aerosol mass and number concentrations and aerosol mixing state. The new scheme advanced the representation of organic aerosols in models by improving the traditional and simplistic treatment of organic aerosols as <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> and with a fixed size distribution. Further development includes adding the condensation of organics on coarse mode aerosols - dust and sea salt, thus making all organics in the system semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span>. To test and simplify the model, a Monte-Carlo analysis is performed to pin point which processes affect organics the most under varied chemical and meteorological conditions. Since the model's parameterizations have the ability to capture a very wide range of conditions, all possible scenarios on Earth across the whole parameter space, including temperature, humidity, location, emissions and oxidant levels, are examined. The Monte-Carlo simulations provide quantitative information on the sensitivity of the newly developed model and help us understand how organics are affecting the size distribution, mixing state and <span class="hlt">volatility</span> distribution at varying levels of meteorological conditions and pollution levels. In addition, these simulations give information on which parameters play a critical role in the aerosol distribution and evolution in the atmosphere and which do not, that will facilitate the simplification of the box model, an important step in its implementation in the global model GISS ModelE as a module.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1241466-volatility-characterization-nanoparticles-from-single-dual-fuel-low-temperature-combustion-compression-ignition-engines','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1241466-volatility-characterization-nanoparticles-from-single-dual-fuel-low-temperature-combustion-compression-ignition-engines"><span><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> characterization of nanoparticles from single and dual-fuel low temperature combustion in compression ignition engines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Lucachick, Glenn; Curran, Scott; Storey, John Morse; ...</p> <p>2016-03-10</p> <p>Our work explores the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of particles produced from two diesel low temperature combustion (LTC) modes proposed for high-efficiency compression ignition engines. It also explores mechanisms of particulate formation and growth upon dilution in the near-tailpipe environment. Moreover, the number distribution of exhaust particles from low- and mid-load dual-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) and single-fuel premixed charge compression ignition (PPCI) modes were experimentally studied over a gradient of dilution temperature. Particle <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of select particle diameters was investigated using <span class="hlt">volatility</span> tandem differential mobility analysis (V-TDMA). Evaporation rates for exhaust particles were compared with V-TDMA results for candidate pure n-alkanesmore » to identify species with similar <span class="hlt">volatility</span> characteristics. The results show that LTC particles are mostly comprised of material with <span class="hlt">volatility</span> similar to engine oil alkanes. V-TDMA results were used as inputs to an aerosol condensation and evaporation model to support the finding that smaller particles in the distribution are comprised of lower <span class="hlt">volatility</span> material than large particles under primary dilution conditions. Although the results show that saturation levels are high enough to drive condensation of alkanes onto existing particles under the dilution conditions investigated, they are not high We conclude that observed particles from LTC operation must grow from low concentrations of highly <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> compounds present in the exhaust.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214939','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22214939"><span>Herbivore-induced blueberry <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> and intra-plant signaling.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R</p> <p>2011-12-18</p> <p>Herbivore-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (HIPVs) are commonly emitted from plants after herbivore attack. These HIPVs are mainly regulated by the defensive plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its <span class="hlt">volatile</span> derivative methyl jasmonate (MeJA). Over the past 3 decades researchers have documented that HIPVs can repel or attract herbivores, attract the natural enemies of herbivores, and in some cases they can induce or prime plant defenses prior to herbivore attack. In a recent paper, I reported that feeding by gypsy moth caterpillars, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage induce the emissions of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from blueberry plants, albeit differently. In addition, blueberry branches respond to HIPVs emitted from neighboring branches of the same plant by increasing the levels of JA and resistance to herbivores (i.e., direct plant defenses), and by priming <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions (i.e., indirect plant defenses). Similar findings have been reported recently for sagebrush, poplar, and lima beans. Here, I describe a push-pull method for collecting blueberry <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> induced by herbivore (gypsy moth) feeding, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection unit consists of a 4 L <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection chamber, a 2-piece guillotine, an air delivery system that purifies incoming air, and a vacuum system connected to a trap filled with Super-Q adsorbent to collect <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> collected in Super-Q traps are eluted with dichloromethane and then separated and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC). This <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection method was used in my study to investigate the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> response of undamaged branches to exposure to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from herbivore-damaged branches within blueberry plants. These methods are described here. Briefly, undamaged blueberry branches are exposed to HIPVs from neighboring branches within the same plant. Using the same techniques described above, <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> emitted from branches after exposure to HIPVs are collected and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492888','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26492888"><span>Bacterial succession and the dynamics of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds during the fermentation of Chinese rice wine from Shaoxing region.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Liu, Shuang Ping; Mao, Jian; Liu, Yun Ya; Meng, Xiang Yong; Ji, Zhong Wei; Zhou, Zhi Lei; Ai-lati, Aisikaer</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Shaoxing rice wine is one of the most typical representatives of Chinese rice wine. It is brewed under <span class="hlt">non</span>-sterile condition with various microorganism growing at the same time and forms a special flavor. The aims of this study was to monitor the bacterial succession by MiSeq pyrosequencing and the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compound dynamics by HS-SPME/GC–MS during brewing process. Moreover, the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds and bacterial community were analyzed by partial least squares regression to evaluate the effect of bacteria on <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds formation. The results showed that there were ten dominating genera during Shaoxing rice wine fermentation process. Ten genera, Bacillus, Leuconostoc, Lactococcus, Weissella, Thermoactinomyces, Pseudomonas, Saccharopolyspora, Staphylococcus, Enterobacter and Lactobacillus, were identified as the main bacteria. The Bacillus and Lactobacillus dominated the Chinese rice wine ecosystems. In addition, a total of 64 <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds were identified, mainly esters, alcohols, carbonyl compound and phenols. Pseudomonas were involved in synthesis of a wide variety of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds. Thermoactinomyces, Bacillus and Lactococcus also played critical roles in the formation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhD...50z5103B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JPhD...50z5103B"><span>Electrical reliability, multilevel data storage and mechanical stability of MoS2-PMMA nanocomposite-based <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory device</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bhattacharjee, Snigdha; Sarkar, Pranab Kumar; Prajapat, Manoj; Roy, Asim</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is of great interest for its applicability in various optoelectronic devices. Here we report the resistive switching properties of polymethylmethacrylate embedding MoS2 nano-crystals. The devices are developed on an ITO-coated PET substrate with copper as the top electrode. Systematic evaluation of resistive switching parameters, on the basis of MoS2 content, suggests <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> memory characteristics. A decent ON/OFF ratio, high retention time and long endurance of 3  ×  103, 105 s and 105 cycles are respectively recorded in a device with 1 weight percent (wt%) of MoS2. The bending cyclic measurements confirm the flexibility of the memory devices with good electrical reliability as well as mechanical stability. In addition, multilevel storage has been demonstrated by controlling the current compliance and span of voltage sweeping in the memory device.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P12C..04S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P12C..04S"><span>Possible Sources of Polar <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schultz, P. H.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>Extensive analyses of returned Apollo samples demonstrated that the Moon is extremely <span class="hlt">volatile</span> poor. While this conclusion remains true, various measurements since the late 90's implicated the presence of water: e.g., enhanced reflection of circularly polarized radar signals and suppression of epithermal neutrons near the poles. More recently, traces of H2O have been discovered inside volcanic glass, along with more significant amounts residing in hydrous minerals (apatite) returned from both highland and mare landing sites. Three recent lunar missions (DIXI, M3, Cassini) identified hydrous phases on/near the lunar surface, whereas the LCROSS probe detected significant quantities of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (OH, H2O and other <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>) excavated by the Centaur impact. These new mission results and sample studies, however, now allow testing different hypotheses for the generation, trapping, and replenishment of these <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. Solar-proton implantation must contribute to the hydrous phases in the lunar regolith in order to account for the observed time-varying abundances and occurrence near the lunar equator. This also cannot be the entire story. The relatively low speed LCROSS-Centaur impact (2.5km/s) could not vaporize such hydrous minerals, yet emissions lines of OH (from the thermal disassociation of H2O), along with other compounds (CO2, NH2) were detected within the first second, before ejecta could reach sunlight. Telescopic observations by Potter and Morgan (1985) discovered a tenuous lunar atmosphere of Na, but the LCROSS UV/Vis spectrometer did not detect the Na-D line until after the ejecta reached sunlight (along with a line pair attributed to Ag). With time, other <span class="hlt">volatile</span> species emerged (OH, CO). The LAMP instrument on the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter had a different viewpoint from the side (rather than from above) and detected many other atomic species release by the LCROSS-Centaur impact. Consequently, it appears that there is a stratigraphy for trapped species</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006652','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20160006652"><span>Endogenous Lunar <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span>: Insights into the Abundances of <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> in the Moon from Lunar Apatite</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>McCubbin, Francis</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>At the time of publication of New Views of the Moon, it was thought that the Moon was bone dry with less than about 1 ppb H2O. However in 2007, initial reports at the 38th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference speculated that H-species were present in both apatites and pyroclastic volcanic lunar glasses. These early reports were later confirmed through peer-review, which motivated many subsequent studies on magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in and on the Moon within the last decade. Some of these studies have cast into question the post-Apollo view of lunar formation, the distribution and sources of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in the Earth-Moon system, and the thermal and magmatic evolution of the Moon. The mineral apatite has been one of the pillars of this new field of study, and it will be the primary focus of this abstract. Although apatite has been used both to understand the abundances of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> in lunar systems as well as the isotopic compositions of those <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, the focus here will be on the abundances of F, Cl, and H2O. This work demonstrates the utility of apatite in advancing our understanding of lunar <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, hence apatite should be among the topics covered in the endogenous lunar <span class="hlt">volatile</span> chapter in NVM II. Truncated ternary plot of apatite X-site occupancy (mol%) from highlands apatite and mare basalt apatite plotted on the relative <span class="hlt">volatile</span> abundance diagram from. The solid black lines delineate fields of relative abundances of F, Cl, and H2O (on a weight basis) in the melt from which the apatite crystallized. The diagram was constructed using available apatite/melt partitioning data for fluorine, chlorine, and hydroxyl.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=241872','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=241872"><span>Field Studies to Evaluate Potential Differences between Bt and <span class="hlt">non</span>-Bt Corn <span class="hlt">Residue</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Some reports suggest that the genetically-modified Bt corn <span class="hlt">residue</span> may have higher lignin content and that the <span class="hlt">residue</span> may be more resistant to decomposition. If true, then there are implications for both farming practices, e.g., tillage and planting, as well as global carbon budgets. We conducted ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=239004','TEKTRAN'); return false;" href="http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/publication/?seqNo115=239004"><span>Field Studies to Evaluate Potential Differences between Bt and <span class="hlt">non</span>-Bt Corn <span class="hlt">Residue</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ars.usda.gov/research/publications/find-a-publication/">USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>Some reports suggest that the genetically-modified Bt corn <span class="hlt">residue</span> may have higher lignin content and that the <span class="hlt">residue</span> may be more resistant to decomposition. If true, then there are implications for both farming practices, e.g., tillage and planting, as well as global carbon budgets. We evaluated ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RaPC..127...27F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016RaPC..127...27F"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> profile, lipid oxidation and protein oxidation of irradiated ready-to-eat cured turkey meat products</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feng, Xi; Ahn, Dong Uk</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>Irradiation had little effects on the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values in ready-to-eat (RTE) turkey meat products, while it increased protein oxidation at 4.5 kGy. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile analyses indicated that the amount of sulfur compounds increased linearly as doses increased in RTE turkey meat products. By correlation analysis, a positive correlation was found between benzene/ benzene derivatives and alcohols with lipid oxidation, while aldehydes, ketones and alkane, alkenes and alkynes were positively correlated with protein oxidation. Principle component analysis showed that irradiated meat samples can be discriminated by two categories of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds: Strecker degradation products and radiolytic degradation products. The cluster analysis of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> data demonstrated that low-dose irradiation had minor effects on the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> profile of turkey sausages (<1.5 kGy). However, as the doses increased, the differences between the irradiated and <span class="hlt">non</span>-irradiated cured turkey products became significant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3310815','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3310815"><span>Induced Release of a Plant-Defense <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> ‘Deceptively’ Attracts Insect Vectors to Plants Infected with a Bacterial Pathogen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mann, Rajinder S.; Ali, Jared G.; Hermann, Sara L.; Tiwari, Siddharth; Pelz-Stelinski, Kirsten S.; Alborn, Hans T.; Stelinski, Lukasz L.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Transmission of plant pathogens by insect vectors is a complex biological process involving interactions between the plant, insect, and pathogen. Pathogen-induced plant responses can include changes in <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and nonvolatile secondary metabolites as well as major plant nutrients. Experiments were conducted to understand how a plant pathogenic bacterium, Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las), affects host preference behavior of its psyllid (Diaphorina citri Kuwayama) vector. D. citri were attracted to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from pathogen-infected plants more than to those from <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected counterparts. Las-infected plants were more attractive to D. citri adults than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants initially; however after feeding, psyllids subsequently dispersed to <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected rather than infected plants as their preferred settling point. Experiments with Las-infected and <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants under complete darkness yielded similar results to those recorded under light. The behavior of psyllids in response to infected versus <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants was not influenced by whether or not they were carriers of the pathogen. Quantification of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> release from <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected and infected plants supported the hypothesis that odorants mediate psyllid preference. Significantly more methyl salicylate, yet less methyl anthranilate and D-limonene, was released by infected than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants. Methyl salicylate was attractive to psyllids, while methyl anthranilate did not affect their behavior. Feeding on citrus by D. citri adults also induced release of methyl salicylate, suggesting that it may be a cue revealing location of conspecifics on host plants. Infected plants were characterized by lower levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, zinc, and iron, as well as, higher levels of potassium and boron than <span class="hlt">non</span>-infected plants. Collectively, our results suggest that host selection behavior of D. citri may be modified by bacterial infection of plants, which alters release of specific headspace</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21480269-asymptotic-behavior-stock-price-distribution-density-implied-volatility-stochastic-volatility-models','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21480269-asymptotic-behavior-stock-price-distribution-density-implied-volatility-stochastic-volatility-models"><span>Asymptotic Behavior of the Stock Price Distribution Density and Implied <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> in Stochastic <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Gulisashvili, Archil, E-mail: guli@math.ohiou.ed; Stein, Elias M., E-mail: stein@math.princeton.ed</p> <p>2010-06-15</p> <p>We study the asymptotic behavior of distribution densities arising in stock price models with stochastic <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. The main objects of our interest in the present paper are the density of time averages of the squared <span class="hlt">volatility</span> process and the density of the stock price process in the Stein-Stein and the Heston model. We find explicit formulas for leading terms in asymptotic expansions of these densities and give error estimates. As an application of our results, sharp asymptotic formulas for the implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in the Stein-Stein and the Heston model are obtained.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21386149','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21386149"><span>Relationship between the formation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds (VSC) and the severity of the periodontal disease: a pilot study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Nogueira-Filho, G R; Peruzzo, D; Sallum, A W</p> <p>2008-03-01</p> <p>This aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the formation of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> sulfur compounds (VSC) and the severity of different kinds of periodontal disease. Twenty patients suffering from biofilm-related periodontal diseases and a control group of ten healthy individuals were selected. The patients were divided according to their periodontal diagnoses: marginal gingivitis (MG/n = 10) and chronic periodontitis (CP/n = 10). The patients received <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical therapy that consisted of motivation, scaling and root planing. Two experimental periods were used: T1 = baseline and T2 = final evaluation after three months. The data analysis showed that CP group had a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL), and group MG presented a reduction in GI (p < 0.05). There was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the aspartate aminotransferase (AST), N-a-benzoyl-DL-arginine-p-nitroanilide (BAPNA) and VSC levels in both MG and CP groups, although the deeper <span class="hlt">residual</span> pockets led to higher AST and VSC levels in the CP group. Within the limits of the present pilot study, it can be concluded that the <span class="hlt">non</span>-surgical therapy may influence VSC formation in a manner dependent on periodontal disease severity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1130242-effects-nox-volatility-secondary-organic-aerosol-from-isoprene-photooxidation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1130242-effects-nox-volatility-secondary-organic-aerosol-from-isoprene-photooxidation"><span>Effects of NOx on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of secondary organic aerosol from isoprene photooxidation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Xu, Lu; Kollman, Matthew S.; Song, Chen</p> <p>2014-01-28</p> <p>The effects of NOx on the <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of the secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formed from isoprene photooxidation are investigated in environmental chamber experiments. Two types of experiments are performed. In HO2-dominant experiments, organic peroxy radicals (RO2) primarily react with HO2. In mixed experiments, RO2 reacts through multiple pathways. The <span class="hlt">volatility</span> and oxidation state of isoprene SOA is sensitive to and displays a <span class="hlt">non</span>-linear dependence on NOx levels. When initial NO/isoprene ratio is approximately 3 (ppbv:ppbv), SOA are shown to be most oxidized and least <span class="hlt">volatile</span>, associated with the highest SOA yield. A High-Resolution Time-of-Flight Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) is appliedmore » to characterize the key chemical properties of aerosols. While the composition of SOA in mixed experiments does not change substantially over time, SOA become less <span class="hlt">volatile</span> and more oxidized as oxidation progresses in HO2-dominant experiments. Analysis of the SOA composition suggests that the further reactions of organic peroxides and alcohols may produce carboxylic acids, which might play a strong role in SOA aging.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25222833','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25222833"><span>Chemical analysis of whale breath <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>: a case study for <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasive field health diagnostics of marine mammals.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cumeras, Raquel; Cheung, William H K; Gulland, Frances; Goley, Dawn; Davis, Cristina E</p> <p>2014-09-12</p> <p>We explored the feasibility of collecting exhaled breath from a moribund gray whale (Eschrichtius robustus) for potential <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasive health monitoring of marine mammals. Biogenic <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound (VOC) profiling is a relatively new field of research, in which the chemical composition of breath is used to <span class="hlt">non</span>-invasively assess the health and physiological processes on-going within an animal or human. In this study, two telescopic sampling poles were designed and tested with the primary aim of collecting whale breath exhalations (WBEs). Once the WBEs were successfully collected, they were immediately transferred onto a stable matrix sorbent through a custom manifold system. A total of two large volume WBEs were successfully captured and pre-concentrated onto two Tenax®-TA traps (one exhalation per trap). The samples were then returned to the laboratory where they were analyzed using solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 70 chemicals were identified (58 positively identified) in the whale breath samples. These chemicals were also matched against a database of VOCs found in humans, and 44% of chemicals found in the whale breath are also released by healthy humans. The exhaled gray whale breath showed a rich diversity of chemicals, indicating the analysis of whale breath exhalations is a promising new field of research.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=71212&keyword=svm&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50','EPA-EIMS'); return false;" href="https://cfpub.epa.gov/si/si_public_record_report.cfm?dirEntryId=71212&keyword=svm&actType=&TIMSType=+&TIMSSubTypeID=&DEID=&epaNumber=&ntisID=&archiveStatus=Both&ombCat=Any&dateBeginCreated=&dateEndCreated=&dateBeginPublishedPresented=&dateEndPublishedPresented=&dateBeginUpdated=&dateEndUpdated=&dateBeginCompleted=&dateEndCompleted=&personID=&role=Any&journalID=&publisherID=&sortBy=revisionDate&count=50"><span>THE MEASUREMENT OF PM2.5, INCLUDING SEMI-<span class="hlt">VOLATILE</span> COMPONENTS, IN THE EMPACT PROGRAM: RESULTS FROM THE SALT LAKE CITY STUDY. (R827993)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://oaspub.epa.gov/eims/query.page">EPA Science Inventory</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p><p>The Salt Lake City EPA Environmental Monitoring for Public Access and Community Tracking (EMPACT) project, initiated in October 1999, is designed to evaluate the usefulness of a newly developed real-time continuous monitor (RAMS) for total (<span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> plus semi-<span class="hlt">volatile</span>) PM<...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609277','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20609277"><span>Sulfur <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from Allium spp. affect Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Psyllidae), response to citrus <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mann, R S; Rouseff, R L; Smoot, J M; Castle, W S; Stelinski, L L</p> <p>2011-02-01</p> <p>The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, vectors Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (Las) and Candidatus Liberibacter americanus (Lam), the presumed causal agents of huanglongbing. D. citri generally rely on olfaction and vision for detection of host cues. Plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from Allium spp. (Alliaceae) are known to repel several arthropod species. We examined the effect of garlic chive (A. tuberosum Rottl.) and wild onion (A. canadense L.) <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> on D. citri behaviour in a two-port divided T-olfactometer. Citrus leaf <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> attracted significantly more D. citri adults than clean air. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> from crushed garlic chive leaves, garlic chive essential oil, garlic chive plants, wild onion plants and crushed wild onion leaves all repelled D. citri adults when compared with clean air, with the first two being significantly more repellent than the others. However, when tested with citrus <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>, only crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil were repellent, and crushed wild onions leaves were not. Analysis of the headspace components of crushed garlic chive leaves and garlic chive essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed that monosulfides, disulfides and trisulfides were the primary sulfur <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> present. In general, trisulfides (dimethyl trisulfide) inhibited the response of D. citri to citrus <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> more than disulfides (dimethyl disulfide, allyl methyl disulfide, allyl disulfide). Monosulfides did not affect the behaviour of D. citri adults. A blend of dimethyl trisulfide and dimethyl disulfide in 1:1 ratio showed an additive effect on inhibition of D. citri response to citrus <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>. The plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from Allium spp. did not affect the behaviour of the D. citri ecto-parasitoid Tamarixia radiata (Waterston). Thus, Allium spp. or the tri- and di-sulphides could be integrated into management programmes for D. citri without affecting natural enemies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1281..334C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AIPC.1281..334C"><span>Stable Local <span class="hlt">Volatility</span> Calibration Using Kernel Splines</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Coleman, Thomas F.; Li, Yuying; Wang, Cheng</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>We propose an optimization formulation using L1 norm to ensure accuracy and stability in calibrating a local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> function for option pricing. Using a regularization parameter, the proposed objective function balances the calibration accuracy with the model complexity. Motivated by the support vector machine learning, the unknown local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> function is represented by a kernel function generating splines and the model complexity is controlled by minimizing the 1-norm of the kernel coefficient vector. In the context of the support vector regression for function estimation based on a finite set of observations, this corresponds to minimizing the number of support vectors for predictability. We illustrate the ability of the proposed approach to reconstruct the local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> function in a synthetic market. In addition, based on S&P 500 market index option data, we demonstrate that the calibrated local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surface is simple and resembles the observed implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> surface in shape. Stability is illustrated by calibrating local <span class="hlt">volatility</span> functions using market option data from different dates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458827','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27458827"><span>The relationship between multilevel models and <span class="hlt">non</span>-parametric multilevel mixture models: Discrete approximation of intraclass correlation, random coefficient distributions, and <span class="hlt">residual</span> heteroscedasticity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rights, Jason D; Sterba, Sonya K</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Multilevel data structures are common in the social sciences. Often, such nested data are analysed with multilevel models (MLMs) in which heterogeneity between clusters is modelled by continuously distributed random intercepts and/or slopes. Alternatively, the <span class="hlt">non</span>-parametric multilevel regression mixture model (NPMM) can accommodate the same nested data structures through discrete latent class variation. The purpose of this article is to delineate analytic relationships between NPMM and MLM parameters that are useful for understanding the indirect interpretation of the NPMM as a <span class="hlt">non</span>-parametric approximation of the MLM, with relaxed distributional assumptions. We define how seven standard and <span class="hlt">non</span>-standard MLM specifications can be indirectly approximated by particular NPMM specifications. We provide formulas showing how the NPMM can serve as an approximation of the MLM in terms of intraclass correlation, random coefficient means and (co)variances, heteroscedasticity of <span class="hlt">residuals</span> at level 1, and heteroscedasticity of <span class="hlt">residuals</span> at level 2. Further, we discuss how these relationships can be useful in practice. The specific relationships are illustrated with simulated graphical demonstrations, and direct and indirect interpretations of NPMM classes are contrasted. We provide an R function to aid in implementing and visualizing an indirect interpretation of NPMM classes. An empirical example is presented and future directions are discussed. © 2016 The British Psychological Society.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3829423','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3829423"><span>A Crystal Structure of the Dengue Virus <span class="hlt">Non</span>-structural Protein 5 (NS5) Polymerase Delineates Interdomain Amino Acid <span class="hlt">Residues</span> That Enhance Its Thermostability and de Novo Initiation Activities*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lim, Siew Pheng; Koh, Jolene Hong Kiew; Seh, Cheah Chen; Liew, Chong Wai; Davidson, Andrew D.; Chua, Leng Shiew; Chandrasekaran, Ramya; Cornvik, Tobias C.; Shi, Pei-Yong; Lescar, Julien</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The dengue virus (DENV) <span class="hlt">non</span>-structural protein 5 (NS5) comprises an N-terminal methyltransferase and a C-terminal RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) domain. Both enzymatic activities form attractive targets for antiviral development. Available crystal structures of NS5 fragments indicate that <span class="hlt">residues</span> 263–271 (using the DENV serotype 3 numbering) located between the two globular domains of NS5 could be flexible. We observed that the addition of linker <span class="hlt">residues</span> to the N-terminal end of the DENV RdRp core domain stabilizes DENV1–4 proteins and improves their de novo polymerase initiation activities by enhancing the turnover of the RNA and NTP substrates. Mutation studies of linker <span class="hlt">residues</span> also indicate their importance for viral replication. We report the structure at 2.6-Å resolution of an RdRp fragment from DENV3 spanning <span class="hlt">residues</span> 265–900 that has enhanced catalytic properties compared with the RdRp fragment (<span class="hlt">residues</span> 272–900) reported previously. This new orthorhombic crystal form (space group P21212) comprises two polymerases molecules arranged as a dimer around a <span class="hlt">non</span>-crystallographic dyad. The enzyme adopts a closed “preinitiation” conformation similar to the one that was captured previously in space group C2221 with one molecule per asymmetric unit. The structure reveals that <span class="hlt">residues</span> 269–271 interact with the RdRp domain and suggests that <span class="hlt">residues</span> 263–268 of the NS5 protein from DENV3 are the major contributors to the flexibility between its methyltransferase and RdRp domains. Together, these results should inform the screening and development of antiviral inhibitors directed against the DENV RdRp. PMID:24025331</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010048756&hterms=Time+crystal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DTime%2Bcrystal','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20010048756&hterms=Time+crystal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3DTime%2Bcrystal"><span>Formation of <span class="hlt">Residual</span> Gases from Source Materials in Closed Crystal Growth Systems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Palosz, W.; Rose, M. Franklin (Technical Monitor)</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Different, <span class="hlt">non</span>-constituent cases are present in crystal growth systems and may affect processes like growth rate in PVT or voids formation and detached solidification in melt growth systems. The presence of the gas may be detrimental or advantageous depending on its amount and composition, and on the process in question. The presence of the cases, their amount and composition, can be caused and changed by diffusion through and desorption from the growth container material. We have investigated these phenomena for silica glass ampoules. We also found, that <span class="hlt">residual</span> cases can be generated by the source materials: even very high purity commercial elements and compounds may contain trace amounts of impurities, particularly oxides. The oxides may have low <span class="hlt">volatilities</span> themselves but their reaction with other species, particularly carbon and hydrogen, may produce <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds like water or carbon oxides. The amount of the gas and its composition is dependent on the original purity of the material (oxide contaminants) and the heat treatment of the source prior to sealing. In many cases. particularly at temperatures below about 900 C and in well-outgassed ampoules, this mechanism dominates. The problem is of a particular importance in sealed systems where the amount and composition of the gas cannot be directly controlled. Therefore, a reasonable knowledge and understanding of the origin, composition, magnitude, and change with time of gases present in sealed ampoules may be important for a meaningful control and interpretation of crystal growth processes. We have investigated this phenomenon in more details for a number of elements and compounds, primarily for II-VI and IV-VI materials. Different source pre-treatment and annealing procedures were applied, and subsequent consecutive annealings and measurements were done to determine the origin and development of the gas in the systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012RaPC...81.1103L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012RaPC...81.1103L"><span><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> compounds and odor preferences of ground beef added with garlic and red wine, and irradiated with charcoal pack</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lee, Kyung Haeng; Yun, Hyejeong; Lee, Ju Woon; Ahn, Dong Uk; Lee, Eun Joo; Jo, Cheorun</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>Irradiation is the most efficient <span class="hlt">non</span>-thermal technology for improving hygienic quality and extending the shelf-life of food products. One of the adverse effects of food irradiation, however, is off-flavor production, which significantly affects the sensory preferences for certain foods. In this study, garlic (5%, w/w) and red wine (1:1, w/w) were added to ground beef to increase the radiation sensitivity of pathogens and improve meat odor/flavor. Samples were irradiated at 0 or 5 kGy in the presence of charcoal pack. SPME-GC-MS analysis was performed to measure the changes in the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds and sensory characteristics of the samples. The amount of total <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds produced from ground beef was greater when the sample was irradiated. When garlic and red wine were added to the ground beef, the amount of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds significantly increased, and the amount of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds increased even further after irradiation. However, when the samples were irradiated with charcoal pack, the amount of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds decreased significantly. Sensory evaluation indicated that charcoal pack significantly increased the odor preferences for both irradiated and <span class="hlt">non</span>-irradiated ground beef added with garlic. These results indicated that addition of charcoal pack to ground beef could reduce off-odor problems induced by irradiation, and this effect was consistent even when certain additives such as garlic and red wine were added.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722166','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10722166"><span>The reactivity of phenolic and <span class="hlt">non</span>-phenolic <span class="hlt">residual</span> kraft lignin model compounds with Mn(II)-peroxidase from Lentinula edodes.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Crestini, C; D'Annibale, A; Sermanni, G G; Saladino, R</p> <p>2000-02-01</p> <p>Three phenolic model compounds representing bonding patterns of <span class="hlt">residual</span> kraft lignin were incubated with manganese peroxidase from Lentinula edodes. Extensive degradation of all the phenolic models, mainly occurring via side-chain benzylic oxidation, was observed. Among the tested model compounds the diphenylmethane alpha-5 phenolic model was found to be the most reactive, yielding several products showing oxidation and fragmentation at the bridging position. The <span class="hlt">non</span>-phenolic 5-5' biphenyl and 5-5' diphenylmethane models were found unreactive.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022698','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70022698"><span>A review of the contrasting behavior of two magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>: Chlorine and carbon dioxide</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lowenstern, J. B.</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Chlorine (Cl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are common magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> with contrasting behaviors. CO2 solubility increases with pressure whereas Cl solubility shows relatively little pressure or temperature effect. CO2 speciation changes with silicate melt composition, dissolving as carbonate in basaltic magmas and molecular CO2 in more silicic compositions. In H2O-bearing systems, the strongly <span class="hlt">non</span>-ideal behavior of alkali chlorides causes unmixing of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phase to form a H2O-rich vapor and a hydrosaline phase with important implications for the maximum concentration of Cl in magmas. Addition of CO2 to magma hastens immiscibility at crustal pressures (<500 MPa), inducing the formation of CO2-rich vapors and Cl-rich hydrosaline melts. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.Chlorine (Cl) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are common magmatic <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> with contrasting behaviors. CO2 solubility increases with pressure whereas Cl solubility shows relatively little pressure or temperature effect. CO2 speciation changes with silicate melt composition, dissolving as carbonate in basaltic magmas and molecular CO2 in more silicic compositions. In H2O-bearing systems, the strongly <span class="hlt">non</span>-ideal behavior of alkali chlorides causes unmixing of the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> phase to form a H2O-rich vapor and a hydrosaline phase with important implications for the maximum concentration of Cl in magmas. Addition of CO2 to magma hastens immiscibility at crustal pressures (<500 MPa), inducing the formation of CO2-rich vapors and Cl-rich hydrosaline melts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175024','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12175024"><span>A dynamic two-dimensional system for measuring <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compound <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> and movement in soils.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Allaire, S E; Yates, S R; Ernst, F F; Gan, J</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>There is an important need to develop instrumentation that allows better understanding of atmospheric emission of toxic <span class="hlt">volatile</span> compounds associated with soil management. For this purpose, chemical movement and distribution in the soil profile should be simultaneously monitored with its <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. A two-dimensional rectangular soil column was constructed and a dynamic sequential <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> flux chamber was attached to the top of the column. The flux chamber was connected through a manifold valve to a gas chromatograph (GC) for real-time concentration measurement. Gas distribution in the soil profile was sampled with gas-tight syringes at selected times and analyzed with a GC. A pressure transducer was connected to a scanivalve to automatically measure the pressure distribution in the gas phase of the soil profile. The system application was demonstrated by packing the column with a sandy loam in a symmetrical bed-furrow system. A 5-h furrow irrigation was started 24 h after the injection of a soil fumigant, propargyl bromide (3-bromo-1-propyne; 3BP). The experience showed the importance of measuring lateral <span class="hlt">volatilization</span> variability, pressure distribution in the gas phase, chemical distribution between the different phases (liquid, gas, and sorbed), and the effect of irrigation on the <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>. Gas movement, <span class="hlt">volatilization</span>, water infiltration, and distribution of degradation product (Br-) were symmetric around the bed within 10%. The system saves labor cost and time. This versatile system can be modified and used to compare management practices, estimate concentration-time indexes for pest control, study chemical movement, degradation, and emissions, and test mathematical models.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3369640','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3369640"><span>Herbivore-induced Blueberry <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> and Intra-plant Signaling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rodriguez-Saona, Cesar R.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Herbivore-induced plant <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> (HIPVs) are commonly emitted from plants after herbivore attack1,2. These HIPVs are mainly regulated by the defensive plant hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its <span class="hlt">volatile</span> derivative methyl jasmonate (MeJA)3,4,5. Over the past 3 decades researchers have documented that HIPVs can repel or attract herbivores, attract the natural enemies of herbivores, and in some cases they can induce or prime plant defenses prior to herbivore attack. In a recent paper6, I reported that feeding by gypsy moth caterpillars, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage induce the emissions of <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from blueberry plants, albeit differently. In addition, blueberry branches respond to HIPVs emitted from neighboring branches of the same plant by increasing the levels of JA and resistance to herbivores (i.e., direct plant defenses), and by priming <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions (i.e., indirect plant defenses). Similar findings have been reported recently for sagebrush7, poplar8, and lima beans9.. Here, I describe a push-pull method for collecting blueberry <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> induced by herbivore (gypsy moth) feeding, exogenous MeJA application, and mechanical damage. The <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection unit consists of a 4 L <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection chamber, a 2-piece guillotine, an air delivery system that purifies incoming air, and a vacuum system connected to a trap filled with Super-Q adsorbent to collect <span class="hlt">volatiles</span>5,6,10. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> collected in Super-Q traps are eluted with dichloromethane and then separated and quantified using Gas Chromatography (GC). This <span class="hlt">volatile</span> collection method was used n my study6 to investigate the <span class="hlt">volatile</span> response of undamaged branches to exposure to <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> from herbivore-damaged branches within blueberry plants. These methods are described here. Briefly, undamaged blueberry branches are exposed to HIPVs from neighboring branches within the same plant. Using the same techniques described above, <span class="hlt">volatiles</span> emitted from branches after exposure to HIPVs are</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.506..476E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014Natur.506..476E"><span>A large source of low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> secondary organic aerosol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ehn, Mikael; Thornton, Joel A.; Kleist, Einhard; Sipilä, Mikko; Junninen, Heikki; Pullinen, Iida; Springer, Monika; Rubach, Florian; Tillmann, Ralf; Lee, Ben; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe; Andres, Stefanie; Acir, Ismail-Hakki; Rissanen, Matti; Jokinen, Tuija; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Kangasluoma, Juha; Kontkanen, Jenni; Nieminen, Tuomo; Kurtén, Theo; Nielsen, Lasse B.; Jørgensen, Solvejg; Kjaergaard, Henrik G.; Canagaratna, Manjula; Maso, Miikka Dal; Berndt, Torsten; Petäjä, Tuukka; Wahner, Andreas; Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Kulmala, Markku; Worsnop, Douglas R.; Wildt, Jürgen; Mentel, Thomas F.</p> <p>2014-02-01</p> <p>Forests emit large quantities of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. Their condensable oxidation products can form secondary organic aerosol, a significant and ubiquitous component of atmospheric aerosol, which is known to affect the Earth's radiation balance by scattering solar radiation and by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. The quantitative assessment of such climate effects remains hampered by a number of factors, including an incomplete understanding of how biogenic VOCs contribute to the formation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol. The growth of newly formed particles from sizes of less than three nanometres up to the sizes of cloud condensation nuclei (about one hundred nanometres) in many continental ecosystems requires abundant, essentially <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic vapours, but the sources and compositions of such vapours remain unknown. Here we investigate the oxidation of VOCs, in particular the terpene α-pinene, under atmospherically relevant conditions in chamber experiments. We find that a direct pathway leads from several biogenic VOCs, such as monoterpenes, to the formation of large amounts of extremely low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> vapours. These vapours form at significant mass yield in the gas phase and condense irreversibly onto aerosol surfaces to produce secondary organic aerosol, helping to explain the discrepancy between the observed atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol and that reported by many model studies. We further demonstrate how these low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> vapours can enhance, or even dominate, the formation and growth of aerosol particles over forested regions, providing a missing link between biogenic VOCs and their conversion to aerosol particles. Our findings could help to improve assessments of biosphere-aerosol-climate feedback mechanisms, and the air quality and climate effects of biogenic emissions generally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572423','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24572423"><span>A large source of low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> secondary organic aerosol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ehn, Mikael; Thornton, Joel A; Kleist, Einhard; Sipilä, Mikko; Junninen, Heikki; Pullinen, Iida; Springer, Monika; Rubach, Florian; Tillmann, Ralf; Lee, Ben; Lopez-Hilfiker, Felipe; Andres, Stefanie; Acir, Ismail-Hakki; Rissanen, Matti; Jokinen, Tuija; Schobesberger, Siegfried; Kangasluoma, Juha; Kontkanen, Jenni; Nieminen, Tuomo; Kurtén, Theo; Nielsen, Lasse B; Jørgensen, Solvejg; Kjaergaard, Henrik G; Canagaratna, Manjula; Maso, Miikka Dal; Berndt, Torsten; Petäjä, Tuukka; Wahner, Andreas; Kerminen, Veli-Matti; Kulmala, Markku; Worsnop, Douglas R; Wildt, Jürgen; Mentel, Thomas F</p> <p>2014-02-27</p> <p>Forests emit large quantities of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds (VOCs) to the atmosphere. Their condensable oxidation products can form secondary organic aerosol, a significant and ubiquitous component of atmospheric aerosol, which is known to affect the Earth's radiation balance by scattering solar radiation and by acting as cloud condensation nuclei. The quantitative assessment of such climate effects remains hampered by a number of factors, including an incomplete understanding of how biogenic VOCs contribute to the formation of atmospheric secondary organic aerosol. The growth of newly formed particles from sizes of less than three nanometres up to the sizes of cloud condensation nuclei (about one hundred nanometres) in many continental ecosystems requires abundant, essentially <span class="hlt">non-volatile</span> organic vapours, but the sources and compositions of such vapours remain unknown. Here we investigate the oxidation of VOCs, in particular the terpene α-pinene, under atmospherically relevant conditions in chamber experiments. We find that a direct pathway leads from several biogenic VOCs, such as monoterpenes, to the formation of large amounts of extremely low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> vapours. These vapours form at significant mass yield in the gas phase and condense irreversibly onto aerosol surfaces to produce secondary organic aerosol, helping to explain the discrepancy between the observed atmospheric burden of secondary organic aerosol and that reported by many model studies. We further demonstrate how these low-<span class="hlt">volatility</span> vapours can enhance, or even dominate, the formation and growth of aerosol particles over forested regions, providing a missing link between biogenic VOCs and their conversion to aerosol particles. Our findings could help to improve assessments of biosphere-aerosol-climate feedback mechanisms, and the air quality and climate effects of biogenic emissions generally.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..837C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhyA..492..837C"><span>The predictive content of CBOE crude oil <span class="hlt">volatility</span> index</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chen, Hongtao; Liu, Li; Li, Xiaolei</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatility</span> forecasting is an important issue in the area of econophysics. The information content of implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> for financial return <span class="hlt">volatility</span> has been well documented in the literature but very few studies focus on oil <span class="hlt">volatility</span>. In this paper, we show that the CBOE crude oil <span class="hlt">volatility</span> index (OVX) has predictive ability for spot <span class="hlt">volatility</span> of WTI and Brent oil returns, from both in-sample and out-of-sample perspectives. Including OVX-based implied <span class="hlt">volatility</span> in GARCH-type <span class="hlt">volatility</span> models can improve forecasting accuracy most of time. The predictability from OVX to spot <span class="hlt">volatility</span> is also found for longer forecasting horizons of 5 days and 20 days. The simple GARCH(1,1) and fractionally integrated GARCH with OVX performs significantly better than the other OVX models and all 6 univariate GARCH-type models without OVX. Robustness test results suggest that OVX provides different information from as short-term interest rate.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.epa.gov/reducing-pesticide-drift/pesticide-volatilization','PESTICIDES'); return false;" href="https://www.epa.gov/reducing-pesticide-drift/pesticide-volatilization"><span>Pesticide <span class="hlt">Volatilization</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/search.htm">EPA Pesticide Factsheets</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>We consider the risks posed when pesticides <span class="hlt">volatilize</span> during or after application. The movement of vapors through the air is not the same as pesticide movement by spray drift, erosion, or windblown soil particles.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397276','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29397276"><span>Larval digestion of different manure types by the black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) impacts associated <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beskin, Kelly V; Holcomb, Chelsea D; Cammack, Jonathan A; Crippen, Tawni L; Knap, Anthony H; Sweet, Stephen T; Tomberlin, Jeffery K</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Volatile</span> emissions from decomposing animal waste are known environmental pollutants. The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), is being evaluated for industrialization as a means to recycle wastes and produce protein for use as food and feed. We examined the ability of black soldier fly larvae to reduce odorous compounds associated with animal wastes. Black soldier fly larvae were reared under laboratory conditions on poultry, swine, and dairy manure at feed rates of 18.0 and 27.0 g every other day until 40% reached the prepupal stage. <span class="hlt">Volatile</span> emissions were collected and analyzed from freshly thawed as well as the digested waste when 90% of the black soldier fly larvae reached the prepupal stage. <span class="hlt">Volatiles</span> were also collected simultaneously from manure not inoculated with black soldier fly larvae (<span class="hlt">non</span>-digested) and held under similar conditions. Manure samples were analyzed for relative amounts of nine select odorous <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds: phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole, propanoic acid, 2-methylpropanoic acid, butanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid and pentanoic acid. Black soldier fly larvae reduced emissions of all <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds by 87% or greater. Complete reductions were observed for 2-methly propanoic acid in digested poultry manure, phenol, 4-methylphenol, indole and all five fatty acids in digested swine manure, and 4-methylphenol, indole, 3-methylindole and all five acids in digested dairy manure. This study is the first to identify <span class="hlt">volatile</span> emissions from manure digested by black soldier fly larvae and compare to those found in <span class="hlt">non</span>-digested manure. These data demonstrate additional benefits of using black soldier fly larvae as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly means of livestock manure management in comparison to current methods. Black soldier fly larvae are capable of altering the overall profile of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> organic compounds and reducing levels of targeted odorous compounds in livestock manure</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737140','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25737140"><span>Valorisation of biodiesel production wastes: Anaerobic digestion of <span class="hlt">residual</span> Tetraselmis suecica biomass and co-digestion with glycerol.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Santos-Ballardo, David U; Font-Segura, Xavier; Ferrer, Antoni Sánchez; Barrena, Raquel; Rossi, Sergio; Valdez-Ortiz, Angel</p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>One of the principal opportunity areas in the development of the microalgal biodiesel industry is the energy recovery from the solid microalgal biomass <span class="hlt">residues</span> to optimise the fuel production. This work reports the cumulative methane yields reached from the anaerobic digestion of the solid microalgal biomass <span class="hlt">residues</span> using different types of inocula, reporting also the improvement of biogas production using the co-digestion of microalgal biomass with glycerol. Results demonstrate that the solid microalgal biomass <span class="hlt">residues</span> showed better biogas production using a mesophilic inoculum, reaching almost two-fold higher methane production than under thermophilic conditions. Furthermore, the solid microalgal biomass <span class="hlt">residues</span> methane production rate showed an increase from 173.78 ± 9.57 to 438.46 ± 40.50 mL of methane per gram of <span class="hlt">volatile</span> solids, when the co-digestion with glycerol was performed. These results are crucial to improve the energy balance of the biodiesel production from Tetraselmis suecica, as well as proposing an alternative way to treat the wastes derived from the microalgae biodiesel production. © The Author(s) 2015.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. 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