Possible quantum liquid crystal phases of helium monolayers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, S.; Matsui, K.; Matsui, T.; Fukuyama, Hiroshi

2016-11-01

The second-layer phase diagrams of 4He and 3He adsorbed on graphite are investigated. Intrinsically rounded specific-heat anomalies are observed at 1.4 and 0.9 K, respectively, over extended density regions in between the liquid and incommensurate solid phases. They are identified to anomalies associated with the Kosterlitz-Thouless-Halperin-Nelson-Young type two-dimensional melting. The prospected low temperature phase (C2 phase) is a commensurate phase or a quantum hexatic phase with quasi-bond-orientational order, both containing zero-point defectons. In either case, this would be the first atomic realization of the quantum liquid crystal, a new state of matter. From the large enhancement of the melting temperature over 3He, we propose to assign the observed anomaly of 4He-C 2 phase at 1.4 K to the hypothetical supersolid or superhexatic transition.

Active polar two-fluid macroscopic dynamics.

PubMed

Pleiner, H; Svenšek, D; Brand, H R

2013-11-01

We study the dynamics of systems with a polar dynamic preferred direction. Examples include the pattern-forming growth of bacteria as well as shoals of fish, flocks of birds and migrating insects. Due to the fact that the preferred direction only exists dynamically, but not statically, the macroscopic variable of choice is the macroscopic velocity associated with the motion of the active units, which are typically biological in nature. We derive the macroscopic equations for such a system and discuss novel static, reversible and irreversible cross-couplings connected to a second velocity as a variable. We analyze in detail how the macroscopic behavior of an active system with a polar dynamic preferred direction compares to other systems with two velocities including immiscible liquids and electrically neutral quantum liquids such as superfluid (4)He and (3)He . We critically discuss changes in the normal mode spectrum when comparing uncharged superfluids, immiscible liquids and active system with a polar dynamic preferred direction. We investigate the influence of a macroscopic hand (collective effects of chirality) on the macroscopic behavior of such active media.

Quantized evaporation from liquid helium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baird, M. J.; Hope, F. R.; Wyatt, A. F. G.

1983-07-01

The atomic-level kinetics of evaporation from a liquid surface are investigated experimentally for the case of liquid He-4. A pulse of phonons was injected by a submerged thin-film heater into purified He-4 (cooled to less than about 0.1 K) and collimated into a beam directed at the liquid surface; the atoms liberated at the surface were detected by a bolometer. The energy of the incident phonon and the kinetic energy of the liberated atom were calculated by determining the group velocity (from the minimum time elapsed between the beginning of the heater pulse and the arrival of the leading edge of the signal) and combining it with neutron-measured excitation dispersion data. Measurements were also made with a mixture of He-3 and He-4. The results are shown to be in good agreement with theoretical predictions of the phonon-induced quantum evaporation of surface atoms: the energy of the phonon is divided between the kinetic energy of the liberated atom and the energy required to overcome the binding forces.

A first comparison of the responses of a 4He-based fast-neutron detector and a NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jebali, R.; Scherzinger, J.; Annand, J. R. M.; Chandra, R.; Davatz, G.; Fissum, K. G.; Friederich, H.; Gendotti, U.; Hall-Wilton, R.; Håkansson, E.; Kanaki, K.; Lundin, M.; Murer, D.; Nilsson, B.; Rosborg, A.; Svensson, H.

2015-09-01

A first comparison has been made between the pulse-shape discrimination characteristics of a novel 4He-based pressurized scintillation detector and a NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference detector using an Am/Be mixed-field neutron and gamma-ray source and a high-resolution scintillation-pulse digitizer. In particular, the capabilities of the two fast neutron detectors to discriminate between neutrons and gamma-rays were investigated. The NE-213 liquid-scintillator reference cell produced a wide range of scintillation-light yields in response to the gamma-ray field of the source. In stark contrast, due to the size and pressure of the 4He gas volume, the 4He-based detector registered a maximum scintillation-light yield of 750keVee to the same gamma-ray field. Pulse-shape discrimination for particles with scintillation-light yields of more than 750keVee was excellent in the case of the 4He-based detector. Above 750keVee its signal was unambiguously neutron, enabling particle identification based entirely upon the amount of scintillation light produced.

Gas-liquid coexistence for the boson square-well fluid and the (4)He binodal anomaly.

PubMed

Fantoni, Riccardo

2014-08-01

The binodal of a boson square-well fluid is determined as a function of the particle mass through a quantum Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo algorithm devised by R. Fantoni and S. Moroni [J. Chem. Phys. (to be published)]. In the infinite mass limit we recover the classical result. As the particle mass decreases, the gas-liquid critical point moves at lower temperatures. We explicitly study the case of a quantum delocalization de Boer parameter close to the one of (4)He. For comparison, we also determine the gas-liquid coexistence curve of (4)He for which we are able to observe the binodal anomaly below the λ-transition temperature.

Quantum Evaporation from Liquid 4He by Rotons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hope, F. R.; Baird, M. J.; Wyatt, A. F. G.

1984-04-01

We have shown that rotons as well as phonons can evaporate 4He atoms in a single-quantum process. Measurements of the time of flight and the angular distribution of the evaporated atoms clearly distinguish between evaporation by phonons and rotons. The results indicate that energy and the parallel component of momentum are conserved at the free liquid surface.

Achalasia leading to diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus.

PubMed

Segal, Jonathan; Lagundoye, Ayodele; Carter, Martyn

2017-06-20

A 50-year-old male with a 7 month history of progressive dysphagia to solids then subsequently to liquids. He underwent a diagnostic gastroscopy which was normal. A further barium swallow suggested achalasia. He was referred to a tertiary centre, where he underwent pH and manometry studies which confirmed a diagnosis of achalasia. He was referred for a laparoscopic cardiomyotomy, and at surgery there was a suspected tumour at the gastro-oesophageal junction. A follow-up endoscopy with biopsies was normal. Following this, a positron emission tomography scan showed T3 distal oesophageal cancer with no nodal involvement or distal metastasis. An attempt at oesophagectomy was performed, but at operation there was locally advanced carcinoma infiltrating the coeliac axis. He is currently undergoing palliative chemotherapy. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Confinement-Driven Phase Separation of Quantum Liquid Mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prisk, T. R.; Pantalei, C.; Kaiser, H.; Sokol, P. E.

2012-08-01

We report small-angle neutron scattering studies of liquid helium mixtures confined in Mobil Crystalline Material-41 (MCM-41), a porous silica glass with narrow cylindrical nanopores (d=3.4nm). MCM-41 is an ideal model adsorbent for fundamental studies of gas sorption in porous media because its monodisperse pores are arranged in a 2D triangular lattice. The small-angle scattering consists of a series of diffraction peaks whose intensities are determined by how the imbibed liquid fills the pores. Pure He4 adsorbed in the pores show classic, layer-by-layer film growth as a function of pore filling, leaving the long range symmetry of the system intact. In contrast, the adsorption of He3-He4 mixtures produces a structure incommensurate with the pore lattice. Neither capillary condensation nor preferential adsorption of one helium isotope to the pore walls can provide the symmetry-breaking mechanism. The scattering is consistent with the formation of randomly distributed liquid-liquid microdomains ˜2.3nm in size, providing evidence that confinement in a nanometer scale capillary can drive local phase separation in quantum liquid mixtures.

182W in Modern Ocean Island Basalts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mundl, A.; Touboul, M.; Walker, R. J.; Jackson, M. G.; Kurz, M. D.; Day, J. M.; Horan, M. F.; Helz, R. L.

2016-12-01

The short lived Hf-W isotopic system (182Hf → 182W, t½ = 8.9 Ma) can be used as an important tracer for very early geochemical processes in the Earth's mantle, as well as for possible detection of core-mantle interactions. To date, most high precision 182W/184W data have been obtained for ancient rocks, with most of these characterized by having positive 182W anomalies. Here we report data for modern ocean island basalts (OIB). Although most OIB examined to date show no 182W anomalies, some basalts from Hawaii and Samoa are characterized by well-resolved negative anomalies with µ182W values ranging to -16 (µ182W is the ppm deviation in 182W/184W of a sample relative to a terrestrial reference standard). Further, for both OIB systems the W isotopic data are negatively correlated with 3He/4He, whereby the samples with the lowest µ182W values are characterized by the highest 3He/4He. Thus, both OIB systems sample one or more primordial reservoirs. A primordial mantle domain characterized by negative 182W anomalies could have been created as a result of silicate crystal-liquid fractionation, such as by a magma ocean process, within the first 50 Ma of Solar System history. Tungsten is similarly incompatible to U and Th (from which 4He is generated), so it is difficult to envision a single-stage, early Earth process that would lead to the low Hf/W and high He/(U+Th) implied by the observed correlation. A second option is that the mantle sources of the 182W-depleted, 3He/4He-enriched basalts contain a core component. This is difficult to reconcile with the normal abundances of highly siderophile elements in the rocks. Positive 182W anomalies have been reported for high-3He/4He samples from the 60 Ma Baffin Bay picrites, so isotopically anomalous W is accessed by modern OIB and flood basalt systems from at least two high 3He/4He domains.

Variability of the Degassing Flux of 4He as an impact of 4He -Dating of Groundwaters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torgersen, T.

2009-12-01

4He dating of groundwater is often confounded by an external flux of 4He as the result of a crustal degassing. Estimates of this external flux have been made but what is the impact on estimates of the 4He groundwater age? The existing measures of the 4He flux across the Earth’s solid surface have been evaluated collectively. The time-and-area weighted arithmetic mean (standard deviation) of n=33 4He degassing fluxes is 3.32(±0.45) x 1010 4He atoms m-2s-1. The log normal mean of 271 measures of the flux into Precambrian shield lakes of Canada is 4.57 x 1010atoms 4He m-2s-1 with a variance of */3.9x. The log normal mean of measurements (n=33) of the crustal flux is 3.63 x 1010 4He m-2s-1 with a best estimate one sigma log normal error of */36x based on an assumption of symmetric error bars. (For comparison, the log normal mean heat flow is 62.2 mW m-2 with a log normal variance of */1.8x; the best estimate mean is 65±1.6 Wm-2, Polach et al., 1993). The variance of the continental flux is shown to increase with decreasing time scales (*/ ~106x at 0.5yr) and decreasing space scales (*/ ~106x at 1km) suggesting that the mechanisms of crustal helium transport and degassing contain a high degree of spatial and temporal variability. This best estimate of the mean and variance in the flux of 4He from continents remains approximately equivalent to the radiogenic production rate of 4He in the whole crust. The small degree of variance in the Canadian lake data (n=271), Precambrian terrain, suggests that it may represent a best approximation of “steady state” crustal degassing. Large scale vertical mass transport in continental crust is estimated as scaled values to be of the order 10-5 cm2s-1 for helium (over 2Byr and 40km vertically) vs. 10-2 cm2s-1 for heat. The mass transport rate requires not only release of 4He from the solid phase via fracturing or comminution but also an enhanced rate of mass transport facilitated by some degree of fluid advection (as has been suggested by metamorphic geology) and further imply a separation of heat and mass during transport.

Experimental study of nanofluidics and phase transitions of normal and superfluid 4He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Velasco, Angel Enriques

This thesis addresses the experimental results of two different research topics. The first is the experimental work of pressure driven flows in the smallest, single nanotubes ever investigated. The nanotube boundary conditions and slip lengths from argon, nitrogen, water, and helium experiments were analyzed and compared to macroscopic boundary conditions. The second research topic discusses the work on ellipsometric and quartz microbalance measurements of the 2D superfluid phase diagram of 4He on alkali substrates. Ellipsometric results of sodium on HOPG provide the first evidence of the existence of the 2D critical point on an intermediate strength substrate. Pressure driven flows through single nanopores and microtubes were measured with a calibrated mass spectrometer with pressure drops up to 30 Atm. The nanopores were between 30 nm to 600 nm in diameter and etched in mica and PET membranes of several microns thickness. Microtubes several inches long of fused quartz and nickel material were tested with diameters between 1.8 micron and 25 micron. For 4He and argon gas we observed the flow transition between the free molecular and continuum regimes at 293 K and 77 K. No discrepancy between the macroscopic theory and the 30 nm nanopore data was found. Because of the exceptionally low viscosity of gaseous helium the laminar-turbulent transition could also be observed within these submicron channels. The small viscosity of 4He was too small to dampen inertial effects at a Reynolds number of 2000. In addition to single phase gas flows, our experimental technique also allows us to investigate flows in which the nano or micro scale pipe is either partially or completely filled with liquids. The position of the intrinsic liquid/vapor interface was important for understanding this type of flow. Strong evaporation and cooling at the liquid-vapor interface can lead to freezing for conventional fluids such as nitrogen and water, which in turn leads to complex intermittent flows. The second portion of this thesis presents the experimental results on the 2D superfluid phase diagram of helium on alkali metals. A simultaneous measurement of the total and superfluid film thickness were done with a combination of a photoelastic modulated ellipsometer and a quartz crystal microbalance. Sodium and lithium films were ablated onto the gold electrodes of a QCM at 4 K. The adsorption isotherms of 4He were controlled by increasing the chemical potential from vacuum to bulk coexistence. The behavior of helium films are dependent on the strength of the substrate potential. For strong potentials such as gold and graphite the initial layers solidify while for the weaker substrate cesium films do not grow. Lithium and sodium were predicted to be intermediate in strength and for a mobile, helium film to directly grow on its surface. In addition to the superfluid transition a liquid/vapor coexistence region was predicted to also exist directly on an intermediate strength substrate. Our simultaneous QCM and ellipsometer measurements showed no clear evidence for the coexistence of 2D liquid/vapor on sodium or lithium. The gold electrodes which supported the alkali films were suspected of being too rough. We then ablated sodium on atomically smooth HOPG and the ellipsometer measured a discontinuous step at 0.5 K implying a liquid/vapor coexistence which decreased in size until it disappeared at the critical temperature T≈0.7 K. This is the first experimental evidence of a 2D critical point on sodium. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Simplified thermodynamic functions for vapor-liquid phase separation and fountain effect pumps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuan, S. W. K.; Hepler, W. A.; Frederking, T. H. K.

1984-01-01

He-4 fluid handling devices near 2 K require novel components for non-Newtonian fluid transport in He II. Related sizing of devices has to be based on appropriate thermophysical property functions. The present paper presents simplified equilibrium state functions for porous media components which serve as vapor-liquid phase separators and fountain effect pumps.

Lagrange thermodynamic potential and intrinsic variables for He-3 He-4 dilute solutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, H. W.

1983-01-01

For a two-fluid model of dilute solutions of He-3 in liquid He-4, a thermodynamic potential is constructed that provides a Lagrangian for deriving equations of motion by a variational procedure. This Lagrangian is defined for uniform velocity fields as a (negative) Legendre transform of total internal energy, and its primary independent variables, together with their thermodynamic conjugates, are identified. Here, similarities between relations in classical physics and quantum statistical mechanics serve as a guide for developing an alternate expression for this function that reveals its character as the difference between apparent kinetic energy and intrinsic internal energy. When the He-3 concentration in the mixtures tends to zero, this expression reduces to Zilsel's formula for the Lagrangian for pure liquid He-4. An investigation of properties of the intrinsic internal energy leads to the introduction of intrinsic chemical potentials along with other intrinsic variables for the mixtures. Explicit formulas for these variables are derived for a noninteracting elementary excitation model of the fluid. Using these formulas and others also derived from quantum statistical mechanics, another equivalent expression for the Lagrangian is generated.

Liquid carbon dioxide of magmatic origin and its role in volcanic eruptions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chivas, A.R.; Barnes, I.; Evans, William C.; Lupton, J.E.; Stone, J.O.

1987-01-01

Natural liquid carbon dioxide is produced commercially from a 2.5-km-deep well near the 4,500-yr-old maar volcano, Mount Gambier, South Australia. The carbon dioxide has accumulated in a dome that is located on the extension of a linear chain of volcanic activity. A magmatic origin for the fluid is suggested by the geological setting, ??13CPDB of -4.0???, for the CO2 (where PDB represents the carbon-isotope standard), and a relatively high 3He component of the contained helium and high 3He/C ratio (6.4 x 10-10). The 3He/ 4He and He/Ne ratios are 3.0 and > 1,370 times those of air, respectively. The CO2, as collected at the Earth's surface at 29.5 ??C and 75 bar, expands more than 300-fold to form a gas at 1 atm and 22 ??C. We suggest that liquid CO2 or high-density CO2 fluid (the critical point is 31.1 ??C, 73.9 bar) of volcanic origin that expands explosively from shallow levels in the Earth's crust may be a major contributor to 'phreatic' volcanic eruptions and maar formation. Less violent release of magmatic CO2 into crater lakes may cause gas bursts with equally disastrous consequences such as occurred at Lake Nyos, Cameroon, in August 1986. ?? 1987 Nature Publishing Group.

Superfluid thermodynamic cycle refrigerator

DOEpatents

Swift, G.W.; Kotsubo, V.Y.

1992-12-22

A cryogenic refrigerator cools a heat source by cyclically concentrating and diluting the amount of [sup 3]He in a single phase [sup 3]He-[sup 4]He solution. The [sup 3]He in superfluid [sup 4]He acts in a manner of an ideal gas in a vacuum. Thus, refrigeration is obtained using any conventional thermal cycle, but preferably a Stirling or Carnot cycle. A single phase solution of liquid [sup 3]He at an initial concentration in superfluid [sup 4]He is contained in a first variable volume connected to a second variable volume through a superleak device that enables free passage of [sup 4]He while restricting passage of [sup 3]He. The [sup 3]He is compressed (concentrated) and expanded (diluted) in a phased manner to carry out the selected thermal cycle to remove heat from the heat load for cooling below 1 K. 12 figs.

Superfluid thermodynamic cycle refrigerator

DOEpatents

Swift, Gregory W.; Kotsubo, Vincent Y.

1992-01-01

A cryogenic refrigerator cools a heat source by cyclically concentrating and diluting the amount of .sup.3 He in a single phase .sup.3 He-.sup.4 He solution. The .sup.3 He in superfluid .sup.4 He acts in a manner of an ideal gas in a vacuum. Thus, refrigeration is obtained using any conventional thermal cycle, but preferably a Stirling or Carnot cycle. A single phase solution of liquid .sup.3 He at an initial concentration in superfluid .sup.4 He is contained in a first variable volume connected to a second variable volume through a superleak device that enables free passage of .sup.4 He while restricting passage of .sup.3 He. The .sup.3 He is compressed (concentrated) and expanded (diluted) in a phased manner to carry out the selected thermal cycle to remove heat from the heat load for cooling below 1 K.

Ultrasound Attenuation in Normal Fluid 3He in 98% Aerogel: Knudsen-to-Hydrodynamic Crossover

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Yoonseok; Choi, H. C.; Moon, B. H.; Masuhara, N.; Meisel, M. W.; Takeuchi, H.; Higashitani, S.; Nagai, K.; Mulders, N.

2014-03-01

Mass flow in porous media is a widely occurring phenomenon as in water flow in aquifers, blood flow in vessels, and petroleum flow through sandstones. However, the understanding of these phenomena is a challenging task. In particular, when the mean free path of the fluid particles exceeds the pore size, the hydrodynamic description breaks down and the fluid mass is carried by the Knudsen diffusion. The 3He-aerogel system offers an opportunity that allows a systematic investigation of a wide range flow phenomena from the hydrodynamic to Knudsen regime owing to the strongly temperature dependent mean free path in liquid 3He at low temperatures. In this paper, we present ultrasound attenuation measurements of liquid 3He in 98% aerogel. The Knudsen-hydrodynamic crossover is clearly demonstrated in a drastic change in the temperature dependence in attenuation observed in this system. H. Takeuchi et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 108, 225307 (2012). Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 21540365 and No. 22103003 by MEXT of Japan and NSF DMR-0803516, DMR-0654118, and the State of Florida.

Robotic heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for achalasia in a woman with morbid obesity.

PubMed

Bedirli, Abdulkadir; Dogan, Ibrahim; Kozan, Ramazan

2012-12-01

Achalasia is a relatively rare condition with a prevalence estimated at less than 0.001 %. Laparoscopic or robotic Heller myotomy is an effective surgical treatment for achalasia. We present the first published case of a morbidly obese achalasia patient treated with robotic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication. The operative time was 175 min, with an estimated blood loss of 110 ml. The patient had a normal bowel transit on postoperative day 2, and he was discharged on postoperative day 4 on a liquid diet. A follow-up at 2 months showed significant resolved symptoms of achalasia.

Nonlinear Network Description for Many-Body Quantum Systems in Continuous Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruggeri, Michele; Moroni, Saverio; Holzmann, Markus

2018-05-01

We show that the recently introduced iterative backflow wave function can be interpreted as a general neural network in continuum space with nonlinear functions in the hidden units. Using this wave function in variational Monte Carlo simulations of liquid 4He in two and three dimensions, we typically find a tenfold increase in accuracy over currently used wave functions. Furthermore, subsequent stages of the iteration procedure define a set of increasingly good wave functions, each with its own variational energy and variance of the local energy: extrapolation to zero variance gives energies in close agreement with the exact values. For two dimensional 4He, we also show that the iterative backflow wave function can describe both the liquid and the solid phase with the same functional form—a feature shared with the shadow wave function, but now joined by much higher accuracy. We also achieve significant progress for liquid 3He in three dimensions, improving previous variational and fixed-node energies.

40 CFR 264.90 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... care period; or (4) The Regional Administrator finds that there is no potential for migration of liquid... margin of safety in the prediction of potential migration of liquid, the owner or operator must base any predictions made under this paragraph on assumptions that maximize the rate of liquid migration. (5) He...

40 CFR 264.90 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... care period; or (4) The Regional Administrator finds that there is no potential for migration of liquid... margin of safety in the prediction of potential migration of liquid, the owner or operator must base any predictions made under this paragraph on assumptions that maximize the rate of liquid migration. (5) He...

Effect of acute pancreatitis on the pharmacokinetics of Chinese herbal ointment Liu-He-Dan in anaesthetized rats.

PubMed

Zhao, Xian-Lin; Xiang, Jin; Wan, Mei-Hua; Yu, Qin; Chen, Wei-wei; Chen, Guang-Yuan; Tang, Wen-Fu

2013-01-09

Chinese herbal preparation of Liu-He-Dan ointment has been adapted for acute pancreatitis in external application for many years in West China. To investigate the effect of acute pancreatitis on the pharmacokinetics of Liu-He-Dan ointment in rats while it was used externally on belly. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into acute pancreatitis model group (n=6) and normal group as a control (n=6). Chinese herbal Liu-He-Dan ointment was used externally on belly. Emodin, rhein, aloe emodin, physcion and chrysophanol in plasma and pancreas (at 48 h) were detected and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Amylase in plasma were determined with iodide process. Among the five components, only emodin, aloe emodin and physcion from Liu-He-Dan were detected in plasma and pancreas. The absorption of each component was tended to decrease in acute pancreatitis group after topically management with Liu-He-Dan ointment on rats' abdomen. The T(max), C(max) and area under curve (AUC) of each component were distinctly lower in AP group than those in normal group (p<0.05). However, the T(1/2α) and mean retention time (MRT) of emodin lasted longer in acute pancreatitis group than those in normal group (p<0.05). There was no statistical difference in the MRT of aloe emodin and physcion between the two groups. Emodin could be detected in all rats' pancreas at 48 h in both groups, while its mean pancreatic concentration was higher in acute pancreatitis model group than in normal group (0.91 ± 0.68, 0.41 ± 0.36, respectively). Physcion could be detected in pancreas of most acute pancreatitis models, but not in normal rats. Aloe emodin was found in all pancreas from acute pancreatitis models while only one in normal group. The level of amylase in Liu-He-Dan group was obviously lower than that in the AP model group (p=0.0055). We concluded that acute pancreatitis may significantly affect the pharmacokinetics of Liu-He-Dan while external applied on belly, which indicated the dosage modification in AP. However, acute pancreatitis seems to promote the distribution of the detected components into pancreas. The ointment could help relieve the disease of pancreatitis. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF 5-(METHYLAMINO)-2-PHENYL-4-[3-(TRIFLUROMETHYL) PHENYL]-3-(2H)-FURANONE IN SOIL

EPA Science Inventory

A rapid, sensitive method is described for the determination of 5-(methylamino)-2-phenyl-4-[3-(trifluromethyl)phenyl]-3-(2H)-furanone RE-40885) concentrations in three soil types. he method consists of extraction of soil samples with methanol, filtration, liquid chromatographic s...

The Fast and the Slow, the High and the Low - Investigations of Pb and He Diffusion in Accessory Minerals and Implications for Geochronology (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cherniak, D. J.; Watson, E. B.

2009-12-01

We have measured Pb diffusion in a range of accessory minerals over the past few decades, and have recently begun investigations of helium diffusion with a study of diffusion in apatite and zircon (Cherniak et al., 2009). In this work, we obtained the following Arrhenius relation for He diffusion in Durango fluorapatite: D = 2.10x10-6 exp( - 117 ± 6 kJ mol-1/RT) m2sec-1 In contrast to apatite, He diffusion in zircon exhibits marked anisotropy, with diffusion normal to c about two orders of magnitude slower than diffusion parallel to c. For He diffusion in zircon we determined these Arrhenius relations for diffusion normal and parallel to c: D⊥c = 2.3x10-7 exp(-146± 11 kJ mol-1/RT) 2sec-1 D∥c = 1.7x10-5 exp(-148± 17 kJ mol-1/RT)m2sec-1 As a continuation of these efforts, we have characterized diffusion of helium in natural monazite and titanite. Polished slabs of these minerals were implanted with 100 keV 3He at a dose of 5x1015 3He/cm2. Implanted monazite and titanite were annealed in Pt capsules in 1-atm furnaces for times ranging from 15 minutes to 6 weeks at temperatures from 252-600°C. 3He distributions in the minerals were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis using the reaction 3He(d,p)4He. For diffusion normal to (100) we obtain the following Arrhenius relation for He diffusion in monazite: D = 1.6x10-7 exp(-150 ± 11 kJ mol-1/RT) m2sec-1. Over the investigated temperature range, diffusivities are similar to those measured by Boyce et al. (2005), and fall between the values measured by Farley (2007) for diffusion in synthetic CePO4, NdPO4, SmPO4, and GdPO4. He diffusion in monazite is similar to He diffusion in zircon normal to c, and about 4 orders of magnitude slower than He diffusion in apatite (Cherniak et al., 2009). For diffusion in titanite, we obtain the Arrhenius relation: D = 8.7x10-7 exp(-143 ± 7 kJ mol-1/RT) m2sec-1. He diffusivities for titanites from two different localities are comparable, and similar to those measured in the outgassing experiments of Shuster et al. (2003). He diffusion in titanite is intermediate between He diffusion parallel and normal to c in zircon, and about 3 orders of magnitude slower than He diffusion in apatite (Cherniak et al., 2009). In this presentation, we will consider these findings in light of other determinations of He diffusion and Pb diffusion in various accessory phases, and discuss the implications of these diffusivities in interpreting thermal histories. Since He diffusion is many orders of magnitude faster than Pb diffusion, geologic conditions under which these species will be retained or lost span a broad and disparate range, with applications from surface processes to those deep in the crust. Boyce, J.W., Hodges, K.V., Olszewski, W.J., Jercinovic, M.J.(2005) G3, 6, Q12004; Cherniak, D.J., Watson, E.B., Thomas, J.B. (2009) Chem. Geol. (submitted); Farley, K.A. (2007) GCA 71, 4015-4024, Shuster, D.L., Farley, K.A., Sisterson, J.M., Burnett, D.S.(2003) EPSL 217, 19-32.

Ultra-High Sensitivity Techniques for the Determination of 3 He /4 He Abundances in Helium by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mumm, H. P.; Huber, M.; Bauder, W.; Abrams, N.; Deibel, C.; Huffer, C.; Huffman, P.; Schelhammer, K.; Janssens, R.; Jiang, C.; Scott, R.; Pardo, R.; Rehm, K.; Vondrasek, R.; Swank, C.; O'Shaughnessy, C.; Paul, M.; Yang, L.

2017-01-01

We report the development of an Accelerator Mass Spectrometry technique to measure the 3He/4He isotopic ratio using a radio frequency (RF) discharge source and the ATLAS facility at Argonne National Laboratory. Control over 3He/4He ratio in helium several orders of magnitude lower than natural abundance is critical for neutron lifetime and source experiments using liquid helium. Due to low ultimate beam currents, the ATLAS accelerator and beam line were tuned using a succession of species of the same M/q. A unique RF source was developed for the experiment due to large natural 3He backgrounds. Analog H_3 + and DH + molecular ions are eliminated by dissociation via a gold stripper foil near the detector. The stripped ions were dispersed in a magnetic spectrograph and 3He2 + ions counted in the focal plane detector. This technique is sensitive to 3 He /4 He ratios in the regime of 10-12 with backgrounds that appear to be below 10-14. The techniques used to reduce the backgrounds and remaining outstanding problems will be presented along with results from measurements on high purity 4He samples.

Mesozoic fault reactivation along the St. Lawrence Rift System as constrained by (U-Th/He) thermochronology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouvier, L.; Pinti, D. L.; Tremblay, A.; Minarik, W. G.; Roden-Tice, M. K.; Pik, R.

2011-12-01

The Saint Lawrence Rift System (SLRS) is a half-graben, extending for 1000 km along St. Lawrence River valley. Late Proterozoic-Early Paleozoic faults of the graben form the contact with the metamorphic Grenvillian basement to the northwest and extend under the Paleozoic sedimentary sequences of the St. Lawrence Lowlands to the southeast. The SLRS is the second most seismically active area in Canada, but the causes of this activity remain unclear. Reactivation of the SLRS is believed to have occurred along Late Proterozoic to Early Paleozoic normal faults related to the opening of the Iapetus Ocean. The absence of strata younger than the Ordovician makes difficult to determine when the faults reactivated after the Ordovician. Field relations between the normal faults bordering the SLRS and those produced by the Charlevoix impact crater suggest a reactivation of the rift younger than the Devonian, the estimated age of the impact. Apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronology is an adequate tool to recognize thermal events related to fault movements. A thermochronology study was then started along three transects across the SLRS, from Québec up to Charlevoix. Apatites were extracted and separated from five granitic to charnockitic gneisses and an amphibolite of Grenvillian age. The samples were exposed on hanging wall and footwall of the Montmorency and Saint-Laurent faults at three different locations along the SLRS. For precision and accuracy, each of the six samples was analyzed for radiogenic 4He and U-Th contents at least twice. Apatite grains were isolated by heavy liquids and magnetic separation. For each sample, ten apatite grains were selected under optical microscope and inserted into Pt capsules. Particular care was taken to isolate apatite free of mineral and fluid inclusions. Indeed, SEM investigations showed that some inclusions are U-rich monazite, which is a supplementary source of 4He to be avoided. The 4He content was determined by using a static noble gas mass spectrometer in CRPG-Nancy and duplicates using a quadrupole mass spectrometer at GEOTOP-UQAM. 4He was measured against internal He gas standards and Durango apatite, with the reference U-Th/He age of 31.13 ± 1.01 Ma. U and Th contents were determined at CRPG-Nancy and duplicated at McGill University by ICP-MS. Preliminary results of U-Th/He on St.-Laurent fault yield an age of 137±12 Ma for the hanging wall, at Sault-au-Cochon and 118±10 Ma for a sample from the footwall, at Cap-aux-oies. Previous Apatite Fission Track (AFT) performed for the two locations gave expected older ages at 149±16 Ma and 196±19 Ma for the hanging wall and the footwall, respectively. These preliminary U-Th/He results are consistent with AFT ages of the area (i.e. as expected, U-Th/He ages are younger than AFT ages) but do not yet provide new constraints for the structural evolution of the St. Lawrence rift system. We are determining further U-Th/He ages and these ages will constrain an exhumation model of the region.

Immunohistochemical localization of HE4 in benign, borderline, and malignant lesions of the ovary.

PubMed

Georgakopoulos, Penelope; Mehmood, Saira; Akalin, Ali; Shroyer, Kenneth R

2012-11-01

Despite advances in the development of novel methods to improve treatment, ovarian carcinoma is still the leading cause of gynecologic cancer death in the United States and other industrialized nations. Improvements in the clinical outcome of ovarian cancer will be achieved if methods can be developed to enable the detection of these tumors at the earliest possible stage. Thus, it is critically important to identify and validate new biomarkers of ovarian cancer. HE4 expression was defined by immunohistochemical analysis of a wide range of benign, borderline, and malignant ovarian lesions, including serous, endometrioid, mucinous, and clear cell lesions of the ovary and in primary tubal carcinomas and the normal fallopian tube. At the cellular level, HE4 was highly expressed in malignant ovarian tumors and in a wide range of benign and borderline ovarian lesions. In addition, HE4 was highly expressed in primary fallopian tube carcinomas and benign fallopian tubal epithelial cells. These results support the conclusion that HE4 is widely expressed in most benign, borderline, and malignant lesions of the ovary and the fallopian tube. The detection of HE4 expression at high levels in some benign lesions and normal tissues suggests that HE4 could have limited specificity as a marker of ovarian or tubal carcinoma. Furthermore, the relatively weak expression that was observed in many ovarian carcinomas indicates that HE4 could fail to detect some cases of primary or recurrent disease.

Positive Ion Induced Solidification of He4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moroshkin, P.; Lebedev, V.; Weis, A.

2009-03-01

We have observed bulk solidification of He4 induced by nucleation on positive alkali ions in pressurized superfluid helium. The ions are extracted into the liquid from alkali-doped solid He by a static electric field. The experiments prove the existence of charged particles in a solid structure composed of doped He that was recently shown to coexist with superfluid helium below the He solidification pressure. This supports our earlier suggestion that the Coulomb interaction of positive ions surrounded by a solid He shell (snowballs) and electrons trapped in spherical cavities (electron bubbles), together with surface tension, is responsible for the stability of that structure against melting. We have determined the density of charges in the sample by two independent methods.

Purification of ^4He through Differential Evaporation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dubose, F.; Haase, D. G.; Huffman, P. R.

2008-10-01

The neutron electric dipole moment (nEDM) experiment, to be housed at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratories, will probe for a dipole moment at the level of 10-28 e cm. As part of the measurement process, neutrons precess in an environment of isotopically pure helium, doped with polarized ^3He. After this ^3He depolarizes it must be removed. We are developing an evaporative purification technique for this removal, lowering the concentration of ^3He in ^4He from 10-8 to 10-10, at an operating temperature of 300 -- 350 mK. Because the vapor pressure of ^3He is enhanced at temperatures below 500mK, ^3He atoms can be preferentially removed from the solution. The purifier requires a large liquid surface area, while minimizing superfluid film flow. The evaporated atoms are adsorbed on activated charcoal. We have built a device to measure ^3He/^4He ratios using a leak detector mass spectrometer and a residual gas analyzer.

Space Cryogenics Workshop, University of Wisconsin, Madison, June 22, 23, 1987

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

Papers are presented on liquid helium servicing from the Space Station, performance estimates in the Superfluid Helium On-Orbit Transfer Flight Experiment, an analytical study of He II flow characteristics in the SHOOT transfer line, a Dewar to Dewar model for superfluid helium transfer, and mechanical pumps for superfluid helium transfer in space. Attention is also given to the cavitation characteristics of a small centrifugal pump in He I and He II, turbulent flow pressure drop in various He II transfer system components, slip effects associated with Knudsen transport phenomena in porous media, and an integrated fountain effect pump device for fluid management at low gravity. Other papers are on liquid/vapor phase separation in He-4 using electric fields, an enclosed capillary device for low-gravity management of He II, cavitation in flowing superfluid helium, the long-term performance of the passive thermal control systems of the IRAS spacecraft, and a novel approach to supercritical helium flight cryostat support structures.

Rotons, Superfluidity, and Helium Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balibar, Sébastien

2006-09-01

Fritz London understood that quantum mechanics could show up at the macroscopic level, and, in 1938, he proposed that superfluidity was a consequence of Bose-Einstein condensation. However, Lev Landau never believed in London's ideas; instead, he introduced quasiparticles to explain the thermodynamics of superfluid 4He and a possible mechanism for its critical velocity. One of these quasiparticles, a crucial one, was his famous "roton" which he considered as an elementary vortex. At the LT0 conference (Cambridge, 1946), London criticized Landau and his "theory based on the shaky grounds of imaginary rotons". Despite their rather strong disagreement, Landau was awarded the London prize in 1960, six years after London's death. Today, we know that London and Landau had both found part of the truth: BEC takes place in 4He, and rotons exist. In my early experiments on quantum evaporation, I found direct evidence for the existence of rotons and for evaporation processes in which they play the role of photons in the photoelectric effect. But rotons are now considered as particular phonons which are nearly soft, due to some local order in superfluid 4He. Later we studied helium crystals which are model systems for the general study of crystal surfaces, but also exceptional systems with unique quantum properties. In our recent studies of nucleation, rotons show their importance again: by using acoustic techniques, we have extended the study of liquid 4He up to very high pressures where the liquid state is metastable, and we wish to demonstrate that the vanishing of the roton gap may destroy superfluidity and trigger an instability towards the crystalline state.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Balibar, Sebastien

Fritz London understood that quantum mechanics could show up at the macroscopic level, and, in 1938, he proposed that superfluidity was a consequence of Bose-Einstein condensation. However, Lev Landau never believed in London's ideas; instead, he introduced quasiparticles to explain the thermodynamics of superfluid 4He and a possible mechanism for its critical velocity. One of these quasiparticles, a crucial one, was his famous ''roton'' which he considered as an elementary vortex. At the LT0 conference (Cambridge, 1946), London criticized Landau and his ''theory based on the shaky grounds of imaginary rotons''. Despite their rather strong disagreement, Landau was awarded themore » London prize in 1960, six years after London's death. Today, we know that London and Landau had both found part of the truth: BEC takes place in 4He, and rotons exist.In my early experiments on quantum evaporation, I found direct evidence for the existence of rotons and for evaporation processes in which they play the role of photons in the photoelectric effect. But rotons are now considered as particular phonons which are nearly soft, due to some local order in superfluid 4He. Later we studied helium crystals which are model systems for the general study of crystal surfaces, but also exceptional systems with unique quantum properties. In our recent studies of nucleation, rotons show their importance again: by using acoustic techniques, we have extended the study of liquid 4He up to very high pressures where the liquid state is metastable, and we wish to demonstrate that the vanishing of the roton gap may destroy superfluidity and trigger an instability towards the crystalline state.« less

Poiseuille's Law--Showing that "p" Is Inversely Proportional to R[superscript 4] Using the Shell Method

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drost, John P.; Georges, Rachel A.

2004-01-01

Jean Poiseuille, a physician, developed a mercury filled U-tube to measure blood pressure in 1828. He discovered that pressure in veins is significantly lower than pressure in arteries. As a result, he studied liquid flow in small tubes. A few years later he established Poiseuille's Law, which states the resistance, "p," of the flow of blood as…

Cryogenic-coolant He-4-superconductor interaction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caspi, S.; Lee, J. Y.; Kim, Y. I.; Allen, R. J.; Frederking, T. H. K.

1978-01-01

The thermodynamic and thermal interaction between a type 2 composite alloy and cryo-coolant He4 was studied with emphasis on post quench phenomena of formvar coated conductors. The latter were investigated using a heater simulation technique. Overall heat transfer coefficients were evaluated for the quench onset point. Heat flux densities were determined for phenomena of thermal switching between a peak and a recovery value. The study covered near saturated liquid, pressurized He4, both above and below the lambda transition, and above and below the thermodynamic critical pressure. In addition, friction coefficients for relative motion between formvar insulated conductors were determined.

Selective Cytotoxic Activity of Se-Methyl-Seleno-L-Cysteine- and Se-Polysaccharide-Containing Extracts from Shiitake Medicinal Mushroom, Lentinus edodes (Agaricomycetes).

PubMed

Klimaszewska, Marzenna; Górska, Sandra; Dawidowski, Maciej; Podsadni, Piotr; Szczepanska, Agnieszka; Orzechowska, Emilia; Kurpios-Piec, Dagmara; Grosicka-Maciag, Emilia; Rahden-Staroń, Iwonna; Turło, Jadwiga

2017-01-01

Numerous formulations derived from the shiitake medicinal mushroom, Lentinus edodes, demonstrate anticancer activities. We hypothesized that isolates from selenium (Se)-enriched mycelia of L. edodes would possess stronger cancer-preventive properties than current preparations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the presence of Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine in mycelial extracts of L. edodes affects their cytotoxic activity (makes them stronger) or whether they are as effective as Se-containing polysaccharides. Extracts were prepared from Se-containing mycelia under various conditions and assayed for cytotoxic activity in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) and normal (HMEC-1) cell lines. The chemical composition of the extracts was examined; specifically, the amounts of potentially cytotoxic Se compounds (methylselenocysteine, selenomethionine, and Se-containing polysaccharides) were measured. The relationship between extract composition and biological activity was characterized. Mycelial cultures were cultivated in a 10-L bioreactor in medium enriched with sodium selenite. Mycelial extracts were prepared either at 100°C or at 4°C in acidic solution. Total Se content was determined using the atomic absorption spectrometry method, and methylselenocysteine and selenomethionine contents were measured using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Protein, carbohydrate, and polyphenolic contents were determined with spectrophotometric methods, and Se-containing polysaccharides were measured with the use of precipitation. Anticancer activity of mycelial extracts was examined using the MTT cell viability assay. Extracts containing Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine or Se-polysaccharides prepared at 4°C and 100°C, respectively, display moderate, time-dependent, specific cytotoxic activity in HeLa and PC3 cell lines. The effect in HeLa cells is more pronounced in the extract prepared at 4°C than at 100°C. The effect is almost equal for the PC3 cell line. However, both extracts have no effect or only slightly stimulate normal (HMEC-1) cell viability. The selective cytotoxic activity of L. edodes extracts in cancer (PC3 and HeLa) cells is due to the presence of both Se-methyl-seleno-L-cysteine and selenated polysaccharides, perhaps in combination with other active ingredients.

Chronic glue sniffing with transient central hypothyroidism and hypergonadotropism.

PubMed

Chen, Hua-Fen; Chen, Shwe-Winn; Chen, Peter; Su, Mei-Chin; See, Ting-Ting; Lee, Hsin-Yu

2003-12-01

Neuropsychiatric, gastrointestinal and muscular disorders associated with glue sniffing have been widely reported, but endocrinologic abnormalities of glue exposure are rarely mentioned in the literature. We report a 26-year old male patient, a chronic glue sniffer, who presented with weakness of both lower limbs. On physical examination, he had reduced muscle strength of his 4 limbs, especially in his lower limbs. Laboratory examination revealed hypokalemia with hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. His thyroid function showed low TSH, T4, T3, free T4 and reverse T3 level. Other pituitary functions were normal apart from high FSH and LH level. TSH response to TRH stimulation was normal, but there was impaired T3 response to TRH. MRI of pituitary showed no significant changes. He continued glue sniffing after discharge. He repeatedly came to our hospital for recurrent hypokalemic paralysis. His serum T4 and free T4 level were low when he had certain amount of glue sniffing and it returned to normal after he stopped sniffing or sniffed less amount of glue. His serum T3 concentrations were normal most of the times thereafter. His FSH and LH level were persistently elevated, even after he did not sniff glue for 2 weeks. Low free T4, TSH and reverse T3 level associated with glue sniffing in our patient were compatible with central hypothyroidism. Toluene, a neurotoxic organic solvent, is present in glues. Being highly lipophilic, it can easily enter and is retained within the lipid-rich nervous system after being inhaled. Like other organic solvents, toluene has been shown to affect dopaminergic and adrenergic turnover within various parts of the brain. The effects on these neurotransmitters could lead to abnormal secretion of pituitary hormones resulting in transient central hypothyroidism and abnormal gonadotropin levels. Long-term harmful effect of central hypothyroidism and chronic influence of abnormal gonadotropins to reproduction function needs further observation.

First Observation of Bright Solitons in Bulk Superfluid ^{4}He.

PubMed

Ancilotto, Francesco; Levy, David; Pimentel, Jessica; Eloranta, Jussi

2018-01-19

The existence of bright solitons in bulk superfluid ^{4}He is demonstrated by time-resolved shadowgraph imaging experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The initial liquid compression that leads to the creation of nonlinear waves is produced by rapidly expanding plasma from laser ablation. After the leading dissipative period, these waves transform into bright solitons, which exhibit three characteristic features: dispersionless propagation, negligible interaction in a two-wave collision, and direct dependence between soliton amplitude and the propagation velocity. The experimental observations are supported by DFT calculations, which show rapid evolution of the initially compressed liquid into bright solitons. At high amplitudes, solitons become unstable and break down into dispersive shock waves.

Probable alpha and 14C cluster emission from hyper Ac nuclei

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santhosh, K. P.

2013-10-01

A systematic study on the probability for the emission of 4He and 14C cluster from hyper {Λ/207-234}Ac and non-strange normal 207-234Ac nuclei are performed for the first time using our fission model, the Coulomb and proximity potential model (CPPM). The predicted half lives show that hyper {Λ/207-234}Ac nuclei are unstable against 4He emission and 14C emission from hyper {Λ/217-228}Ac are favorable for measurement. Our study also show that hyper {Λ/207-234}Ac are stable against hyper {Λ/4}He and {Λ/14}C emission. The role of neutron shell closure ( N = 126) in hyper {Λ/214}Fr daughter and role of proton/neutron shell closure ( Z ≈ 82, N = 126) in hyper {Λ/210}Bi daughter are also revealed. As hyper-nuclei decays to normal nuclei by mesonic/non-mesonic decay and since most of the predicted half lives for 4He and 14C emission from normal Ac nuclei are favourable for measurement, we presume that alpha and 14C cluster emission from hyper Ac nuclei can be detected in laboratory in a cascade (two-step) process.

High-pressure 4He drift tubes for fissile material detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Zhehui; Morris, Christopher L.; Gray, F. E.; Bacon, J. D.; Brockwell, M. I.; Chang, D. Y.; Chung, K.; Dai, W. G.; Greene, S. J.; Hogan, G. E.; Lisowski, P. W.; Makela, M. F.; Mariam, F. G.; McGaughey, P. L.; Mendenhall, M.; Milner, E. C.; Miyadera, H.; Murray, M. M.; Perry, J. O.; Roybal, J. D.; Saunders, A.; Spaulding, R. J.; You, Z.

2013-03-01

A detector efficiency model based on energy extraction from neutrons is described and used to compare 4He detectors with liquid scintillators (EJ301/NE-213). Detector efficiency can be divided into three regimes: single neutron scattering, multiple neutron scattering, and a transition regime in-between. For an average fission neutron of 2 MeV, the amount of 4He needed would be about 1/4 of the amount of the mass of EJ301/NE-213 in the single-scattering regime. For about 50% neutron energy extraction (1 MeV out of 2 MeV), the two types of detectors (4He in the transition regime, EJ301 still in the single-scattering regime) have comparable mass, but 4He detectors can be much larger depending on the number density. A six-tube 11-bar-pressure 4He detector prototype is built and tested. Individual electrical pulses from the detector are recorded using a 12-bit digitizer. Differences in pulse rise time and amplitudes, due to different energy loss of neutrons and gamma rays, are used for neutron/gamma separation. Several energy spectra are also obtained and analyzed.

High-temperature supersolid of He 4 in a one-dimensional periodic potential

DOE PAGES

Olsen, Raina J.

2015-03-02

The search for robust experimental proof of supersolidity has encountered many complicating factors, such as temperature dependent changes in the mechanical properties of solid 4He which mimic the signature of superfluid flow. As a result, the physical existence and true nature of this unique state of matter are still under debate. Here we consider 4He stabilized by a one-dimensional periodic potential whose lattice spacing is similar to the length scale of the 4He- 4He interaction. We use the Bogoliubov transformation to calculate the excitation spectrum, finding that when interactions between nearest or next-nearest neighbors are attractive, there is a finitemore » positive gap in energy between the delocalized ground state and the lowest energy excitations which, under certain conditions, is significantly larger than both the melting temperature and the lambda temperature. This means that it should be possible to observe a supersolid at a high enough temperature that superfluidity in bulk liquid 4He or changes in the mechanical properties of bulk solid 4He do not obscure it. Lastly, we also discuss the properties of experimentally achievable materials which could support this type of supersolid.« less

Solid He: Progress, Status, and Outlook for Mass Flux Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hallock, R. B.

2015-07-01

After a brief introduction, what is provided there is brief summary of work with solid He done at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and an outlook for future work. What is presented here is based on a presentation made at the Quantum Gases Fluids and Solids Workshop in Sao Paulo, Brazil in August of 2014. Our work with solid He is aimed at the question: Can a sample cell filled with solid He support a mass flux through the cell? The answer, as will be shown here, is yes. Evidence for this from several types of experiments will be reviewed. There will be an emphasis on more recent work, work that explores how the flux observed depends on temperature and on the He impurity level. The behavior observed suggests that solid He may be an example of a material that demonstrates Bosonic Luttinger liquid behavior. The normalized He flux has a universal temperature dependence. The presence of He at different impurity levels shows that the He blocks the flux at a characteristic temperature. The behavior appears to be consistent with the cores of dislocations as the entity that carries the flux, but it is clear that more work needs to be done to fully understand solid He.

Early Days of Superfluid ^3He: An Experimenter's View

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, David

2010-03-01

The formulation of the BCS theory led theorists to investigate possible non-S-wave pairing in liquid ^3He. Unfortunately as time went on, estimates for the pairing temperature became unattainably low. Nevertheless, the push to lower temperatures by experimentalists continued and was facilitated by the invention of the dilution refrigerator. Nuclear adiabatic demagnetization could then be used to cool liquid ^3He to ˜1 mK as demonstrated by Goodkind. An alternate approach, suggested by Pomeranchuk, involved adiabatic compression of liquid ^3He into the solid phase. Efforts to develop this technique at the Kapitza Institute, La Jolla and Cornell achieved success in demonstrating cooling of mixtures of liquid and solid ^3He to ˜ 1 mK following dilution refrigerator pre-cooling. Although there was great pessimism regarding the possible observation of pairing in liquid ^3He, the unsettled problem of magnetic ordering in solid ^3He beckoned. Ultimately two phase transition along the melting curve were observed by Osheroff et al at Cornell. Although first associated with solid ^3He, extensive NMR studies showed them to be two new phases of liquid ^3He. A brief history of experiments at various laboratories following the discovery is given, along with early interpretations given by Anderson and Morel and Balian and Werthamer. The key role of Leggett's spin dynamics is also discussed.

Liquid Dynamics from Neutron Spectrometry

DOE R&D Accomplishments Database

Brockhouse, Bertram N.; Bergsma, J.; Dasannacharya, B. A.; Pope, N. K.

1962-10-01

Recent experiments carried out at Chalk River on the dynamics of liquids using neutron inelastic scattering are reviewed, including one by Sakamoto et al., in which the Van Hove self-correlation functions in water at 25 and 75 deg C were determined, and another in which the correlation functions in liquid argon near its triple point were studied. The possible occurrence of short wavelength phonons in classical liquids is discussed, in analogy with their existence in the quantum liquid He4, and in connection with incomplete experiments on liquid tin. (auth)

New generalized corresponding states correlation for surface tension of normal saturated liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Huili; Tian, Jianxiang

2015-08-01

A new simple correlation based on the principle of corresponding state is proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids. The new correlation contains three coefficients obtained by fitting 17,051 surface tension data of 38 saturated normal liquids. These 38 liquids contain refrigerants, hydrocarbons and some other inorganic liquids. The new correlation requires only the triple point temperature, triple point surface tension and critical point temperature as input and is able to well represent the experimental surface tension data for each of the 38 saturated normal liquids from the triple temperature up to the point near the critical point. The new correlation gives absolute average deviations (AAD) values below 3% for all of these 38 liquids with the only exception being octane with AAD=4.30%. Thus, the new correlation gives better overall results in comparison with other correlations for these 38 normal saturated liquids.

Sub- and super-Maxwellian evaporation of simple gases from liquid water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kann, Z. R.; Skinner, J. L., E-mail: skinner@chem.wisc.edu

2016-04-21

Non-Maxwellian evaporation of light atoms and molecules (particles) such as He and H{sub 2} from liquids has been observed experimentally. In this work, we use simulations to study systematically the evaporation of Lennard-Jones particles from liquid water. We find instances of sub- and super-Maxwellian evaporation, depending on the mass of the particle and the particle-water interaction strength. The observed trends are in qualitative agreement with experiment. We interpret these trends in terms of the potential of mean force and the effectiveness and frequency of collisions during the evaporation process. The angular distribution of evaporating particles is also analyzed, and itmore » is shown that trends in the energy from velocity components tangential and normal to the liquid surface must be understood separately in order to interpret properly the angular distributions.« less

Cavitation characteristics of a small centrifugal pump in He I and He II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ludtke, P. R.; Daney, D. E.

1988-01-01

The cavitation characteristics of a small preinduced centrifugal pump operating in He I and He II over the temperature range 1.8-4.2 K are presented. The pump and close-coupled induction motor operate immersed in liquid helium. A six-blade propeller inducer and a three-blade screw inducer were both tested. With this pump configuration using either inducer, there is a tremendous difference between the cavitation characteristics of He I and He II. The net positive suction head requirements for this pump with the screw inducer could not be determined for He I, but it is less than -100 mm and, depending on flow rate, ranges between 35 and 165 mm for He II.

Kinetic Energy and Angular Distributions of He and Ar Atoms Evaporating from Liquid Dodecane.

PubMed

Patel, Enamul-Hasan; Williams, Mark A; Koehler, Sven P K

2017-01-12

We report both kinetic energy and angular distributions for He and Ar atoms evaporating from C 12 H 26 . All results were obtained by performing molecular dynamics simulations of liquid C 12 H 26 with around 10-20 noble gas atoms dissolved in the liquid and by subsequently following the trajectories of the noble gas atoms after evaporation from the liquid. Whereas He evaporates with a kinetic energy distribution of (1.05 ± 0.03) × 2RT (corrected for the geometry used in experiments: (1.08 ± 0.03) × 2RT, experimentally obtained value: (1.14 ± 0.01) × 2RT), Ar displays a kinetic energy distribution that better matches a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution at the temperature of the liquid ((0.99 ± 0.04) × 2RT). This behavior is also reflected in the angular distributions, which are close to a cosine distribution for Ar but slightly narrower, especially for faster atoms, in the case of He. This behavior of He is most likely due to the weak interaction potential between He and the liquid hydrocarbon.

Table and charts of equilibrium normal-shock properties for hydrogen-helium mixtures with velocities to 70 km/sec. Volume 1: 0.95 H2-0.05 He (by volume)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1976-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves into hydrogen-helium mixtures representative of postulated outer planet atmospheres. These results are presented in four volumes and the volmetric compositions of the mixtures are 0.95H2-0.05He in Volume 1, 0.90H2-0.10He in Volume 2, 0.85H2-0.15He in Volume 3, and 0.75H2-0.25He in Volume 4. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular-weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity, and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 4 to 70 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 N/sq m to 100 kN/sq m. Results are applicable to shock-tube flows and for determining flow conditions behind the normal portion of the bow shock about a blunt body at high velocities in postulated outer planet atmospheres. The document is a revised version of the original edition of NASA SP-3085 published in 1974.

Severe rhabdomyolysis after excessive bodybuilding.

PubMed

Finsterer, J; Zuntner, G; Fuchs, M; Weinberger, A

2007-12-01

A 46-year-old male subject performed excessive physical exertion during 4-6 h in a studio for body builders during 5 days. He was not practicing sport prior to this training and denied the use of any aiding substances. Despite muscle aching already after 1 day, he continued the exercises. After the last day, he recognized tiredness and cessation of urine production. Two days after discontinuation of the training, a Herpes simplex infection occurred. Because of acute renal failure, he required hemodialysis. There were absent tendon reflexes and creatine kinase (CK) values up to 208 274 U/L (normal: <170 U/L). After 2 weeks, CK had almost normalized and, after 4 weeks, hemodialysis was discontinued. Excessive muscle training may result in severe, hemodialysis-dependent rhabdomyolysis. Triggering factors may be prior low fitness level, viral infection, or subclinical metabolic myopathy.

Three-Dimensional Coupled Dynamics of The Two-Fluid Model in Superfluid 4He: Deformed Velocity Profile of Normal Fluid in Thermal Counterflow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yui, Satoshi; Tsubota, Makoto; Kobayashi, Hiromichi

2018-04-01

The coupled dynamics of the two-fluid model of superfluid 4He is numerically studied for quantum turbulence of the thermal counterflow in a square channel. We combine the vortex filament model of the superfluid and the Navier-Stokes equations of normal fluid. Simulations of the coupled dynamics show that the velocity profile of the normal fluid is deformed significantly by superfluid turbulence as the vortices become dense. This result is consistent with recently performed visualization experiments. We introduce a dimensionless parameter that characterizes the deformation of the velocity profile.

Origins of geothermal gases at Yellowstone

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lowenstern, Jacob B.; Bergfeld, Deborah; Evans, William C.; Hunt, Andrew G.

2015-01-01

Gas emissions at the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field (YPVF) reflect open-system mixing of gas species originating from diverse rock types, magmas, and crustal fluids, all combined in varying proportions at different thermal areas. Gases are not necessarily in chemical equilibrium with the waters through which they vent, especially in acid sulfate terrain where bubbles stream through stagnant acid water. Gases in adjacent thermal areas often can be differentiated by isotopic and gas ratios, and cannot be tied to one another solely by shallow processes such as boiling-induced fractionation of a parent liquid. Instead, they inherit unique gas ratios (e.g., CH4/He) from the dominant rock reservoirs where they originate, some of which underlie the Quaternary volcanic rocks. Steam/gas ratios (essentially H2O/CO2) of Yellowstone fumaroles correlate with Ar/He and N2/CO2, strongly suggesting that H2O/CO2 is controlled by addition of steam boiled from water rich in atmospheric gases. Moreover, H2O/CO2 varies systematically with geographic location, such that boiling is more enhanced in some areas than others. The δ13C and 3He/CO2 of gases reflect a dominant mantle origin for CO2 in Yellowstone gas. The mantle signature is most evident at Mud Volcano, which hosts gases with the lowest H2O/CO2, lowest CH4 concentrations and highest He isotope ratios (~16Ra), consistent with either a young subsurface intrusion or less input of crustal and meteoric gas than any other location at Yellowstone. Across the YPVF, He isotope ratios (3He/4He) inversely vary with He concentrations, and reflect varied amounts of long- stored, radiogenic He added to the magmatic endmember within the crust. Similarly, addition of CH4 from organic-rich sediments is common in the eastern thermal areas at Yellowstone. Overall, Yellowstone gases reflect addition of deep, high-temperature magmatic gas (CO2-rich), lower-temperatures crustal gases (4He- and CH4-bearing), and those gases (N2, Ne, Ar) added principally through boiling of the meteoric-water-derived geothermal liquid found in the upper few kilometers. We also briefly explore the pathways by which Cl, F, and S, move through the crust.

Helium diffusion in carbonates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amidon, W. H.; Cherniak, D. J.; Watson, E. B.; Hobbs, D.

2013-12-01

The abundance and large grain size of carbonate minerals make them a potentially attractive target for 4He thermochronology and 3He cosmogenic dating, although the diffusive properties of helium in carbonates remain poorly understood. This work characterizes helium diffusion in calcite and dolomite to better understand the crystal-chemical factors controlling He transport and retentivity. Slabs of cleaved natural calcite and dolomite, and polished sections of calcite cut parallel or normal to c, were implanted with 3He at 3 MeV with a dose of 5x1015/cm2. Implanted carbonates were heated in 1-atm furnaces, and 3He distributions following diffusion anneals were profiled with Nuclear Reaction Analysis using the reaction 3He(d,p)4He. For 3He transport normal to cleavage surfaces in calcite, we obtain the following Arrhenius relation over the temperature range 78-300°C: Dcalcite = 9.0x10-9exp(-55 × 6 kJ mol-1/RT) m2sec-1. Diffusion in calcite exhibits marked anisotropy, with diffusion parallel to c about two orders of magnitude slower than diffusion normal to cleavage faces. He diffusivities for transport normal to the c-axis are similar in value to those normal to cleavage surfaces. Our findings are broadly consistent with helium diffusivities from step-heating measurements of calcite by Copeland et al. (2007); these bulk degassing data may reflect varying effects of diffusional anisotropy. Helium diffusion normal to cleavage surfaces in dolomite is significantly slower than diffusion in calcite, and has a much higher activation energy for diffusion. For dolomite, we obtain the following Arrhenius relation for He diffusion over the temperature range 150-400°C: Ddolomite = 9.0x10-8exp(-92 × 9 kJ mol-1/RT) m2sec-1. The role of crystallographic structure in influencing these differences among diffusivities was evaluated using the maximum aperture approach of Cherniak and Watson (2011), in which crystallographic structures are sectioned along possible diffusion directions and the maximum interstitial apertures in each 'slice' in the structure are identified. Preliminary results show that observed differences in diffusivities are consistent with the size of the smallest maximum aperture along each diffusion direction. In calcite, the smallest maximum apertures are ~0.92 and ~0.66 angstroms for cleavage-normal and c-axis parallel directions respectively. In dolomite, the smallest maximum aperture is ~0.78 angstroms for the cleavage normal direction. Work is in progress on characterizing helium diffusion for other orientations in dolomite, and in other carbonates, including aragonite and magnesite, and in implementing these diffusion findings in the interpretation and modeling of bulk volume diffusion in heterogeneous calcite crystals common in many geologic applications. Copeland et al. (2007) GCA 71, 4488-4511 Cherniak and Watson, (2011) Chem. Geo. 288, 149-161

Momentum and energy dependent resolution function of the ARCS neutron chopper spectrometer at high momentum transfer: Comparing simulation and experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diallo, S. O.; Lin, J. Y. Y.; Abernathy, D. L.; Azuah, R. T.

2016-11-01

Inelastic neutron scattering at high momentum transfers (i.e. Q ≥ 20 A ˚), commonly known as deep inelastic neutron scattering (DINS), provides direct observation of the momentum distribution of light atoms, making it a powerful probe for studying single-particle motions in liquids and solids. The quantitative analysis of DINS data requires an accurate knowledge of the instrument resolution function Ri(Q , E) at each momentum Q and energy transfer E, where the label i indicates whether the resolution was experimentally observed i = obs or simulated i=sim. Here, we describe two independent methods for determining the total resolution function Ri(Q , E) of the ARCS neutron instrument at the Spallation Neutron Source, Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The first method uses experimental data from an archetypical system (liquid 4He) studied with DINS, which are then numerically deconvoluted using its previously determined intrinsic scattering function to yield Robs(Q , E). The second approach uses accurate Monte Carlo simulations of the ARCS spectrometer, which account for all instrument contributions, coupled to a representative scattering kernel to reproduce the experimentally observed response S(Q , E). Using a delta function as scattering kernel, the simulation yields a resolution function Rsim(Q , E) with comparable lineshape and features as Robs(Q , E), but somewhat narrower due to the ideal nature of the model. Using each of these two Ri(Q , E) separately, we extract characteristic parameters of liquid 4He such as the intrinsic linewidth α2 (which sets the atomic kinetic energy 〈 K 〉 ∼α2) in the normal liquid and the Bose-Einstein condensate parameter n0 in the superfluid phase. The extracted α2 values agree well with previous measurements at saturated vapor pressure (SVP) as well as at elevated pressure (24 bars) within experimental precision, independent of which Ri(Q , y) is used to analyze the data. The actual observed n0 values at each Q vary little with the model Ri(Q , E), and the effective Q-averaged n0 values are consistent with each other, and with previously reported values.

Generalized Jastrow Variational Method for Liquid HELIUM-3-HELIUM-4 Mixtures at T = 0 K.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mirabbaszadeh, Kavoos

Microscopic theory of dilute liquid { ^3 He}-{^4 He} mixtures is of great interest, because it provides a physical realization of a nearly degenerate weakly interacting Fermion system. An understanding of properties of the mixtures has received considerable attention both theoretically and experimentally over the past thirty years. We present here a variational procedure based on the Jastrow function for the ground state of {^3 He}- {^4 He} mixtures by minimizing the total energy of the mixture using the hypernetted-chain (HNC) approximation and the Percus-Yevick (PY) approximation for the two body correlation functions. Our goal is to compute from first principles the internal energy of the system and the various two body correlation functions at various densities and compare the results with experiment. The Jastrow variational method for the ground state energy of liquid {^4 He} consists of the following ansatz for the wave function Psi_alpha {rm(vec r_{1 alpha},} {vec r_{2alpha},} dots, {vec r_{N _alpha})} = prod _{rm i < j} {rm f_ {alphaalpha}(r_{ij}). } For a {^3 He } system the corresponding ansatz is Psi_beta {rm( vec r_{1beta},} {vec r_{2beta },} dots, {vec r_{N_beta})} = {[prod _{i < j} f_{betabeta }(r_{ij})]} Phi {rm( vec r_{1beta},} {vec r_{2beta },} dots, {vec r_{Nbeta}),} where Phi is a Slater determinant of plane waves for the ground state of the Fermion system. The total energy per particle can be written in the form: E = x_sp{alpha}{2} E_{alphaalpha} + x_sp{beta}{2 }E_{betabeta } + 2x_{alpha} x_{beta}E _{alphabeta}, where E_{alphaalpha} , E_{betabeta} , E_{alphabeta} are unknown parameters to be determined from a microscopic theory. Using the Jastrow wave function Psi for the mixture, a general expression is given for the ground state energy in terms of the two body potential and two and three body correlation functions. The Kirkwood Super-position Approximation (KSA) is used for the three-body correlation functions. The antisymmetry of the wave function for Fermions is incorporated following the procedure given earlier by Lado, Inguva and Smith. This procedure for treating the antisymmetry of the wave function simplifies the equations for the two-body correlation functions considerably. The equations for the correlation functions are solved in the hypernetted-chain approximation. Once the two-particle correlation functions for the mixture ( ^3He-^4He) have been obtained, the energy is minimized with respect to the variational parameters involved in the Jastrow wave function. The binding energy and the optimal correlation functions are then obtained as a function of the concentration of ^3He atoms in the mixture. (Abstract shortened with permission of author.).

Pressure drop and He II flow through fine mesh screens

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maddocks, J. R.; van Sciver, S. W.

1989-05-01

Fluid acquisition systems for He II transfer devices will utilize gallery arms to ensure that the fluid encounters the pump inlet. In near term experiments such as Superfluid Helium on Orbit Transfer (SHOOT), the preferred configuration consists of several rectangular channels which have one side made from a Dutch weave stainless steel screen having 325 x 2300 wires per inch. The effective pore diameter for this screen is about 5 microns. The present paper reports on measurements of pressure drop across a screen when it is subjected to a flow of liquid helium. The experiment measures the time rate of change of the level in two different helium reservoirs connected by a screen-blocked channel. Results with normal helium are compared with predictions based on the Armour-Cannon (1968) equations. The He II data show considerable deviation from the classical result. A discussion of the He II pressure drop results in terms of two fluid hydrodynamics is included.

Pressure drop and He II flow through fine mesh screens

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maddocks, J. R.; Van Sciver, S. W.

1989-01-01

Fluid acquisition systems for He II transfer devices will utilize gallery arms to ensure that the fluid encounters the pump inlet. In near term experiments such as Superfluid Helium on Orbit Transfer (SHOOT), the preferred configuration consists of several rectangular channels which have one side made from a Dutch weave stainless steel screen having 325 x 2300 wires per inch. The effective pore diameter for this screen is about 5 microns. The present paper reports on measurements of pressure drop across a screen when it is subjected to a flow of liquid helium. The experiment measures the time rate of change of the level in two different helium reservoirs connected by a screen-blocked channel. Results with normal helium are compared with predictions based on the Armour-Cannon (1968) equations. The He II data show considerable deviation from the classical result. A discussion of the He II pressure drop results in terms of two fluid hydrodynamics is included.

Maxon and roton measurements in nanoconfined 4He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bryan, M. S.; Sokol, P. E.

2018-05-01

We investigate the behavior of the collective excitations of adsorbed 4He in an ordered hexagonal mesopore, examining the crossover from a thin film to a confined fluid. Here, we present the inelastic scattering results as a function of filling at constant temperature. We find a monotonic transition of the maxon excitation as a function of filling. This has been interpreted as corresponding to an increasing density of the adsorbed helium, which approaches the bulk value as filling increases. The roton minimum exhibits a more complicated behavior that does not monotonically approach bulk values as filling increases. The full pore scattering resembles the bulk liquid accompanied by a layer mode. The maxon and roton scattering, taken together, at intermediate fillings does not correspond to a single bulk liquid dispersion at negative, low, or high pressure.

Recurrent protein-losing enteropathy and tricuspid valve insufficiency in a transplanted heart: a causal relationship?

PubMed

Aggarwal, Sanjeev; Delius, Ralph E; Walters, Henry L; L'Ecuyer, Thomas J

2012-01-01

This case report describes a toddler who developed a protein-losing enteropathy (PLE) 4 years after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). He was born with a hypoplastic left heart syndrome for which he underwent a successful Norwood procedure, a Hemi-Fontan palliation, and a Fontan palliation at 18 months of age. Fifteen months following the Fontan operation, he developed a PLE and Fontan failure requiring OHT. Four years after OHT, he developed a severe tricuspid regurgitation and a PLE. His PLE improved after tricuspid valve replacement. It is now 2 years since his tricuspid valve replacement and he remains clinically free of ascites and peripheral edema with a normal serum albumin level. His prosthetic tricuspid valve is functioning normally. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

I. Spin-Lattice Relaxation of Dilute Solutions of Polarized He3 in Liquid He4 in Low Magnetic Fields at 4 K. II. An Analysis of a Proposed Cryogenic He3 Nuclear Gyroscope and Its Application to a Nuclear Electric-Dipole Moment Experiment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

nuclei as they move relative to one another. This subject was initially treated in a 90 paper by Bloembergen, Purcell, and Pound ( BPP ) which contains a...virtually the same fashion as in Sec. 3.3: d 3 (-q)+ f3 (q) 6.. 1 )(r)F. (r) Idr P(r ;r,t)F r) , [3.74]1jf 0 3 0~ 0 i where p(r ) and P(r ;r,t) are

Comparison of GEANT4 very low energy cross section models with experimental data in water.

PubMed

Incerti, S; Ivanchenko, A; Karamitros, M; Mantero, A; Moretto, P; Tran, H N; Mascialino, B; Champion, C; Ivanchenko, V N; Bernal, M A; Francis, Z; Villagrasa, C; Baldacchin, G; Guèye, P; Capra, R; Nieminen, P; Zacharatou, C

2010-09-01

The GEANT4 general-purpose Monte Carlo simulation toolkit is able to simulate physical interaction processes of electrons, hydrogen and helium atoms with charge states (H0, H+) and (He0, He+, He2+), respectively, in liquid water, the main component of biological systems, down to the electron volt regime and the submicrometer scale, providing GEANT4 users with the so-called "GEANT4-DNA" physics models suitable for microdosimetry simulation applications. The corresponding software has been recently re-engineered in order to provide GEANT4 users with a coherent and unique approach to the simulation of electromagnetic interactions within the GEANT4 toolkit framework (since GEANT4 version 9.3 beta). This work presents a quantitative comparison of these physics models with a collection of experimental data in water collected from the literature. An evaluation of the closeness between the total and differential cross section models available in the GEANT4 toolkit for microdosimetry and experimental reference data is performed using a dedicated statistical toolkit that includes the Kolmogorov-Smirnov statistical test. The authors used experimental data acquired in water vapor as direct measurements in the liquid phase are not yet available in the literature. Comparisons with several recommendations are also presented. The authors have assessed the compatibility of experimental data with GEANT4 microdosimetry models by means of quantitative methods. The results show that microdosimetric measurements in liquid water are necessary to assess quantitatively the validity of the software implementation for the liquid water phase. Nevertheless, a comparison with existing experimental data in water vapor provides a qualitative appreciation of the plausibility of the simulation models. The existing reference data themselves should undergo a critical interpretation and selection, as some of the series exhibit significant deviations from each other. The GEANT4-DNA physics models available in the GEANT4 toolkit have been compared in this article to available experimental data in the water vapor phase as well as to several published recommendations on the mass stopping power. These models represent a first step in the extension of the GEANT4 Monte Carlo toolkit to the simulation of biological effects of ionizing radiation.

A liquid-He cryostat for structural and thermal disorder studies by X-ray absorption.

PubMed

Bouamrane, F; Ribbens, M; Fonda, E; Adjouri, C; Traverse, A

2003-07-01

A new device operating from 4.2 to 300 K is now installed on the hard X-ray station of the DCI ring in LURE in order to measure absorption coefficients. This liquid-He bath device has three optical windows. One allows the incident beam to impinge on the sample, one located at 180 degrees with respect to the sample allows transmitted beams to be detected, and another located at 90 degrees is used to detect emitted photons. Total electron yield detection mode is also possible thanks to a specific sample holder equipped with an electrode that collects the charges created by the emitted electrons in the He gas brought from the He bath around the sample. The performance of the cryostat is described by measurements of the absorption coefficients versus the temperature for Cu and Co foils. For comparison, the absorption coefficient is also measured for Cu clusters. As expected from dimension effects, the Debye temperature obtained for the clusters is lower than that of bulk Cu.

Micro- and Nano-Liquid Phases Coexistent with Ice as Separation and Reaction Media.

PubMed

Okada, Tetsuo

2017-04-01

Ice has a variety of scientifically interesting features, some of which have not been reasonably interpreted despite substantial efforts by researchers. Most chemical studies of ice have focused on the elucidation of its physicochemical nature and its roles in the natural environment. Ice often contains impurities, such as salts, and in such cases, a liquid phase coexists with solid ice over a wide temperature range. This impure ice also acts as a cryoreactor, governing the circulation of chemical species of environmental importance. Reactions and phenomena occurring in this liquid phase show features different from those seen in normal bulk aqueous solutions. In the present account, we discuss the chemical characteristics of the liquid phase that develops in a frozen aqueous phase and show how novel analytical systems can be designed based on he features of the liquid phase which are predictable in some cases but unpredictable in others. © 2017 The Chemical Society of Japan & Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Ejection of Metal Particles into Superfluid 4He by Laser Ablation.

PubMed

Buelna, Xavier; Freund, Adam; Gonzalez, Daniel; Popov, Evgeny; Eloranta, Jussi

2016-10-05

The dynamics following laser ablation of a metal target immersed in superfluid $^4$He is studied by time-resolved shadowgraph photography. The delayed ejection of hot micrometer-sized particles from the target surface into the liquid was indirectly observed by monitoring the formation and growth of gaseous bubbles around the particles. The experimentally determined particle average velocity distribution appears similar as previously measured in vacuum but exhibits a sharp cutoff at the speed of sound of the liquid. The propagation of the subsonic particles terminates in slightly elongated non-spherical gas bubbles residing near the target whereas faster particles reveal an unusual hydrodynamic response of the liquid. Based on the previously established semi-empirical model developed for macroscopic objects, the ejected transonic particles exhibit supercavitating flow to reduce their hydrodynamic drag. Supersonic particles appear to follow a completely different propagation mechanism as they leave discrete and semi-continuous bubble trails in the liquid. The relatively low number density of the observed non-spherical gas bubbles indicates that only large micron-sized particles are visualized in the experiments. Although the unique properties of superfluid helium allow a detailed characterization of these processes, the developed technique can be used to study the hydrodynamic response of any liquid to fast propagating objects on the micrometer-scale.

In Vivo Monitoring of pH, Redox Status, and Glutathione Using L-Band EPR for Assessment of Therapeutic Effectiveness in Solid Tumors

PubMed Central

Bobko, Andrey A.; Eubank, Timothy D.; Voorhees, Jeffrey L.; Efimova, Olga V.; Kirilyuk, Igor A.; Petryakov, Sergey; Trofimiov, Dmitrii G.; Marsh, Clay B.; Zweier, Jay L.; Grigor’ev, Igor A.; Samouilov, Alexandre; Khramtsov, Valery V.

2011-01-01

Approach for in vivo real-time assessment of tumor tissue extracellular pH (pHe), redox, and intracellular glutathione based on L-band EPR spectroscopy using dual function pH and redox nitroxide probe and disulfide nitroxide biradical, is described. These parameters were monitored in PyMT mice bearing breast cancer tumors during treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor. It was observed that tumor pHe is about 0.4 pH units lower than that in normal mammary gland tissue. Treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor decreased the value of pHe by 0.3 units compared with PBS control treatment. Tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione were elevated compared with normal mammary gland tissue. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment resulted in a decrease of the tumor tissue reducing capacity and intracellular glutathione content. In addition to spectroscopic studies, pHe mapping was performed using recently proposed variable frequency proton–electron double-resonance imaging. The pH mapping superimposed with MRI image supports probe localization in mammary gland/tumor tissue, shows high heterogeneity of tumor tissue pHe and a difference of about 0.4 pH units between average pHe values in tumor and normal mammary gland. In summary, the developed multifunctional approach allows for in vivo, noninvasive pHe, extracellular redox, and intracellular glutathione content monitoring during investigation of various therapeutic strategies for solid tumors. Magn Reson Med 000:000–000, 2011. PMID:22113626

He-3-rich flares - A possible explanation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisk, L. A.

1978-01-01

A plasma mechanism is proposed to explain the dramatic enhancements in He-3 observed in He-3-rich flares. It is shown that a common current instability in the corona may heat ambient He-3(2+) over any other ion and thus may preferentially inject He-3 into the flare acceleration process. This mechanism operates when the abundance of He-4 and heavier elements is larger than normal in the coronal plasma. It may also preferentially heat and thus inject certain ions of iron. The mechanism thus provides a possible explanation for the observed correlation between He-3 and heavy enhancements in He-3-rich flares.

Liquid 4He at Zero Temperature and the STLS Scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doroudi, A.

2007-07-01

Within the framework of the self-consistent scheme proposed by Singwi, Tosi, Land and Sjölander (STLS) for an interacting system we study the properties of superfluid liquid 4He. By employing the Aziz potential (HFD-B) as the interaction potential between helium atoms, we have calculated the static structure factor, the pair-correlation function, the elementary excitation spectrum and the effective two-body interaction as a function of wave-vector, for different densities. Our results show considerable improvement over the Ng-Singwi’s model potential of a hard core plus an attractive tail and are comparable with experimental data. We have compared our results with experimental data and with the results of some theoretical models. Agreement between our results and the experimental data for the static structure factor for the small k values is fairly good.

Liquid helium-free cryostat and hermetically sealed cryogenic microwave cavity for hyperfine spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium

PubMed Central

Massiczek, O.; Friedreich, S.; Juhász, B.; Widmann, E.; Zmeskal, J.

2011-01-01

The design and properties of a new cryogenic set-up for laser–microwave–laser hyperfine structure spectroscopy of antiprotonic helium – an experiment performed at the CERN-Antiproton Decelerator (AD), Geneva, Switzerland – are described. Similar experiments for 4He have been performed at the AD for several years. Due to the usage of a liquid helium operated cryostat and therefore necessary refilling of coolants, a loss of up to 10% beamtime occurred. The decision was made to change the cooling system to a closed-circuit cryocooler. New hermetically sealed target cells with minimised 3He gas volume and different dimensions of the microwave resonator for measuring the 3He transitions were needed. A new set-up has been designed and tested at Stefan Meyer Institute in Vienna before being used for the 2009 and 2010 beamtimes at the AD. PMID:22267883

Spin Superfluidity and Magnone BEC in He-3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bunkov, Yury

2011-03-01

The spin superfluidity -- superfluidity in the magnetic subsystem of a condensed matter -- is manifested as the spontaneous phase-coherent precession of spins first discovered in 1984 in 3 He-B. This superfluid current of spins -- spin supercurrent -- is one more representative of superfluid currents known or discussed in other systems, such as the superfluid current of mass and atoms in superfluid 4 He; superfluid current of electric charge in superconductors; superfluid current of hypercharge in Standard Model of particle physics; superfluid baryonic current and current of chiral charge in quark matter; etc. Spin superfluidity can be described in terms of the Bose condensation of spin waves -- magnons. We discuss different states of magnon superfluidity with different types of spin-orbit coupling: in bulk 3 He-B; magnetically traped `` Q -balls'' at very low temperatures; in 3 He-A and 3 He-B immerged in deformed aerogel; etc. Some effects in normal 3 He can also be treated as a magnetic BEC of fermi liquid. A very similar phenomena can be observed also in a magnetic systems with dinamical frequensy shift, like MnC03 . We will discuss the main experimental signatures of magnons superfluidity: (i) spin supercurrent, which transports the magnetization on a macroscopic distance more than 1 cm long; (ii) spin current Josephson effect which shows interference between two condensates; (iii) spin current vortex -- a topological defect which is an analog of a quantized vortex in superfluids, of an Abrikosov vortex in superconductors, and cosmic strings in relativistic theories; (iv) Goldstone modes related to the broken U (1) symmetry -- phonons in the spin-superfluid magnon gas; etc. For recent review see Yu. M. Bunkov and G. E. Volovik J. Phys. Cond. Matter. 22, 164210 (2010) This work is partly supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (contract N 02.740.11.5217).

Light Isotope Abundances in SEPS measured by NINA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sparvoli, R.; Bidoli, V.; Casolino, M.; De Pascale, M.; Furano, G.; Iannucci, A.; Morselli, A.; Picozza, P.; Bakaldin, A.; Galper, A.; Koldashov, S.; Korotkov, M.; Leonov, A.; Mikhailov, V.; Murashov, A.; Voronov, S.; Boezio, M.; Bonvicini, V.; Cirami, R.; Vacchi, A.; Zampa, N.; Ambriola, M.; Bellotti, R.; Cafagna, F.; Ciacio, F.; Circella, M.; De Marzo, C.; Adriani, O.; Papini, P.; Spillantini, P.; Straulino, S.; Vannuccini, E.; Bartalucci, S.; Ricci, M.; Castellini, G.; Wizard-NINA Collaboration

2001-08-01

Observations of 9 Solar Energetic Particle events detected by the instrument NINA from November 1998 to April 1999 will be presented. NINA is a silicon-based space detector in orbit since July 1998 on board the Russian satellite Resurs-01-N4, which flies at low altitude (about 800 km) in polar inclination. For every SEP event we reconstructed the power-law 4 He spectrum in the energy interval 10-50 MeV/n, extracting spectral indexes from 1.8 to 6.8. Data of 3 He and 4 He were then employed to determine the 3 He/4 He ratio, that turned out to be high for some SEP events showing the enrichment in 3 He. For the 7 November 1998 event this ratio reached the maximum value of 0.33 ± 0.06, with spectral indexes 2.5 ± 0.6 and 3.7 ± 0.3 for 3 He and 4 He, respectively. The 3 He/4 He ratio averaged over the remaining events was 0.011 ± 0.004. For all events we determined the deuterium-to-proton ratio. The average value of the 2 H/1 H ratio, over all events, was (3.9±1.4)× 10-5 in the energy interval 9-12 MeV/n. During 24 November 1998 event, however, this ratio resulted about 10 times higher than normal coronal values.

Effective Viscosity of Liquid Helium4 - With Minute He3 Impurity at Temperatures from 0.05K to 2K and at Velocities Spanning the Critical Velocities.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-01

meticulous and well thought out designs and work brought excellent solutions to our many electrical and mechanical problems. He is a gifted person with many...thorough study of the gyro design , as well as other low temperature sensors, is now called for. 1.4 Low Temperature Inertial Sensors The precision of...can only begin to imagine some of the forms that low temperature inertial sensors could take in the hands of creative design and development engineers

Isolation and Characterization of Prostate Cancer Stem Cells

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

guidelines. Adjacent prostate tissue was snap frozen in liquid Nitrogen or fixed in formalin and paraffin-embedded to evaluate anatomy and glandular...phenotypically normal and fertile [35]. We examined the prostate at 8 and 20 weeks of age and found no difference in gross anatomy and histology among WT...gross anatomy of the prostate of WT and CD1662/2 mice at 8 weeks of age, scale bar: 2 mm. Bottom: HE staining of DLP section from WT and CD1662/2 mice

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a New Cultivar with Antiproliferative Potential in a Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line.

PubMed

Salazar-Aguilar, Sandra; Ruiz-Posadas, Lucero Del Mar; Cadena-Iñiguez, Jorge; Soto-Hernández, Marcos; Santiago-Osorio, Edelmiro; Aguiñiga-Sánchez, Itzen; Rivera-Martínez, Ana Rocío; Aguirre-Medina, Juan Francisco

2017-07-25

The Sechium edule Perla Negra cultivar is a recently-obtained biological material whose progenitors are S. edule var. nigrum minor and S. edule var. amarus silvestrys, the latter of which has been reported to have antiproliferative activity against the HeLa P-388 and L-929 cancer cell lines. The present study aimed to determine if the methanolic extract of the fruit of the Perla Negra cultivar had the same biological activity. The methanolic extract was phytochemically characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC), identifying the terpenes and flavonoids. The compounds identified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were Cucurbitacins B, D, E, and I for the terpene fractions, and Rutin, Phlorizidin, Myricetin, Quercetin, Naringenin, Phloretin, Apigenin, and Galangin for the flavonoid fractions). Biological activity was evaluated with different concentrations of the methanolic extract in the HeLa cell line and normal lymphocytes. The methanolic extract inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC 50 1.85 µg·mL -1 ), but the lymphocytes were affected by the extract (IC 50 30.04 µg·mL -1 ). Some fractions, and the pool of all of them, showed inhibition higher than 80% at a concentration of 2.11 µg·mL -1 . Therefore, the biological effect shown by the methanolic extract of the Perla Negra has some specificity in inhibiting tumor cells and not normal cells; an unusual feature among molecules investigated as potential biomedical agents.

Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, a New Cultivar with Antiproliferative Potential in a Human Cervical Cancer HeLa Cell Line

PubMed Central

Salazar-Aguilar, Sandra; Ruiz-Posadas, Lucero del Mar; Cadena-Iñiguez, Jorge; Santiago-Osorio, Edelmiro; Aguiñiga-Sánchez, Itzen; Rivera-Martínez, Ana Rocío; Aguirre-Medina, Juan Francisco

2017-01-01

The Sechium edule Perla Negra cultivar is a recently-obtained biological material whose progenitors are S. edule var. nigrum minor and S. edule var. amarus silvestrys, the latter of which has been reported to have antiproliferative activity against the HeLa P-388 and L-929 cancer cell lines. The present study aimed to determine if the methanolic extract of the fruit of the Perla Negra cultivar had the same biological activity. The methanolic extract was phytochemically characterized by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography (CC), identifying the terpenes and flavonoids. The compounds identified via high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were Cucurbitacins B, D, E, and I for the terpene fractions, and Rutin, Phlorizidin, Myricetin, Quercetin, Naringenin, Phloretin, Apigenin, and Galangin for the flavonoid fractions). Biological activity was evaluated with different concentrations of the methanolic extract in the HeLa cell line and normal lymphocytes. The methanolic extract inhibited the proliferation of HeLa cells (IC50 1.85 µg·mL−1), but the lymphocytes were affected by the extract (IC50 30.04 µg·mL−1). Some fractions, and the pool of all of them, showed inhibition higher than 80% at a concentration of 2.11 µg·mL−1. Therefore, the biological effect shown by the methanolic extract of the Perla Negra has some specificity in inhibiting tumor cells and not normal cells; an unusual feature among molecules investigated as potential biomedical agents. PMID:28757593

Thermal transport properties in helium near the superfluid transition. I.4He in the normal phase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dingus, M.; Zhong, F.; Meyer, H.

1986-11-01

The thermal conductivity κ and the associated relaxation time τ to reach steady-state conditions are reported for the normal phase of several very dilute mixtures of3He in4He ( X<4 × 10-6) at saturated vapor pressure near Tλ. The measurements were made over the reduced temperature range 2.5 × 10-6<ɛ<2×10-1, where ɛ ≡ (T-Tλ)/Tλ, and are representative for pure4He. The spacing between the cell plates was 0.147 cm. The systematic uncertainty in the conductivity data is estimated to increase from ˜2% for ɛ=0.2 to ˜4% for ɛ=3 × 10-6. The random scatter due to finite temperature resolution increases to ˜7% at the smallest ɛ. The data are in agreement within the combined uncertainty with recent ones by Tam and Ahlers (cell F, spacing 0.20 cm) and with previous ones in this laboratory taken with a different plate spacing. The thermal diffusivity coefficient D T = κ / ϱ C p obtained from τ is found to agree within better than 15% with the calculated one using data for κ, the density ϱ, and the specific heat C p . Measurements of the effective boundary resistivity R b in the superfluid phase are described. R b is found to depend on the thermal history of the cell when cycled up to 77 K and above. Also, R b shows the beginning of an anomalous increase for ¦ɛ¦≲10-4. The possible reasons for this anomaly are discussed, and their impact on the analysis of conductivity data in the normal phase is appraised.

Development of torodial magnetic thermometry to study new phenomena associated with the superfluid transition in liquid sup 4 He

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duncan, R.V.

1988-01-01

A new type of paramagnetic susceptibility thermometry called toroidal magnetic thermometry (TMT) has been developed. These TMT thermometers have a thermal resolution of five nanoKelvin near the {sup 4}He superfluid transition temperature T{lambda} = 2.172K, making TMT roughly a factor of fifty times better in resolution than conventional germanium resistance thermometry which is commercially available. The dramatic improvement in thermal resolution provided by TMT has been used to observe new phenomena associated with the superfluid transition in pure liquid {sup 4}He. Such phenomena include a component of the thermal boundary (Kapitza) resistance R{sub K} which is singular at the superfluidmore » transition temperature T{lambda}. In addition to the boundary effects described above, these TMT thermometers have been used to detect the depression of T{lambda} be a heat current Q flowing through the liquid helium. When these values of {Delta}T{lambda}(Q) were used to calculate the depression of the superfluid density {Delta}{rho}{sub s}(Q) the results agreed well with a prediction based on the theory of Ginzburg and Pitaevskii. The calibration of the TMT thermometers provide high-resolution measurements of the a.c. paramagnetic susceptibility of their magnetic salt: Copper ammonium bromide (CAB). These calibration parameters, together with power dissipation data near the CAB Curie temperature {Tc} = 1.79K, provide information on the magnetic critical behavior of this nearly ideal Heisenberg ferromagnet. Throughout the detailed description of the TMT design, aspects of the CAB magnetic critical phenomena are discussed.« less

Simultaneous analysis of tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol in edible oils by normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography.

PubMed

Li, Jun; Bi, Yanlan; Sun, Shangde; Peng, Dan

2017-11-01

A normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography method for the simultaneous determination of tert-butylhydroquinone, tert-butylquinone, butylated hydroxytoluene, 2-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol in edible oils was investigated. A silica column was used to separate the analytes with the gradient elution. An ultraviolet-visible detector was set at dual wavelengths mode (280 and 310nm). The column temperature was 30°C. The analytes were directly extracted with methanol. Results showed that the normal-phase high performance liquid chromatography method performed well with wide liner ranges (0.10∼500.00μg/mL, R 2 >0.9998), low limits of detection and quantitation (below 0.40 and 1.21μg/mL, respectively), and good recoveries (81.38∼102.34% in soybean oils and 83.03∼100.79% in lard, respectively). The reduction of tert-butylquinone caused by the reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography during the injection was avoided with the current normal-phase method. The two isomers of butylated hydroxyanisole can also be separated with good resolution. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of in silico pharmacokinetic properties and in vitro cytotoxic activity of selected newly synthesized N-succinimide derivatives.

PubMed

Milosevic, Natasa P; Kojic, Vesna; Curcic, Jelena; Jakimov, Dimitar; Milic, Natasa; Banjac, Nebojsa; Uscumlic, Gordana; Kaliszan, Roman

2017-04-15

Design of a new drug entity is usually preceded by analysis of quantitative structure activity (properties) relationships, QSA(P)R. Six newly synthesized succinimide derivatives have been determined for (i) in silico physico-chemical descriptors, pharmacokinetic and toxicity predictors, (ii) in vitro biological activity on four different carcinoma cell lines and on normal fetal lung cells and (iii) lipophilicity on liquid chromatography. All compounds observed were predicted for good permeability and solubility, good oral absorption rate and moderate volume of distribution as well as for modest blood brain permeation, followed by acceptable observed toxicity. In silico determined lipophilicity, permeability through jejunum and aqueous solubility were correlated with experimentally obtained lipophilic constants (by use of high pressure liquid chromatography) and linear correlations were obtained. Absorption rate and volume of distribution were predicted by chromatographic lipophilicity measurements while permeation through blood bran barrier was predicted dominantly by molecular size defined with molecular weight. Five compounds have demonstrated antiproliferative activity toward cervix carcinoma HeLa cell lines; three were cytotoxic against breast carcinoma MCF-7 cells, while one inhibited proliferation of colon carcinoma HT-29 cell lines. Only one compound was cytotoxic toward normal cell lines, while other compounds were proven as safe. Antiproliferative potential against HeLa cells was described as exponential function of lipophilicity. Based on obtained results, lead compounds were selected. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exercise-induced syncope in a 22-year-old man.

PubMed

Yeo, Colin; Tan, Vern Hsen; Wong, Kelvin Ck

2017-04-01

A 22-year-old man was referred to us for syncope during a game of Captain's ball. There was no prodrome. His friends did not notice any ictal movements. He was otherwise well prior to passing out. He was not taking any medications or supplements. He was not usually physically active, but was otherwise well with no significant medical history. This is his first episode of syncope. There was no history of cardiac arrest or seizures. There is no family history of premature sudden cardiac death.Physical examination was normal. ECG at rest demonstrated sinus rhythm with corrected QT interval of 400 ms. Echocardiography revealed a structurally normal heart. Holter monitoring was normal. Treadmill exercise stress test demonstrated the following rhythm on figure 1 during stage 4 Bruce protocol. Stress test was terminated in view of sustained arrhythmia as illustrated. He felt light-headed during the period, but otherwise felt that he could carry on with the exercise. ECG during recovery was unremarkable. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Periodic paralysis: rare presenting symptom of thyrotoxicosis.

PubMed

Correa-Luna, Luis Daniel; Reyes-Ortiz, Luis M; Ramírez-Rivera, José

2006-01-01

Paralysis due to hypokalemia results from an acute shift of potassium into cells or excessive potassium deficit. In the absence of potassium deficit, it is observed in Familial Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis and in Thyrotoxic Hypokalemic Periodic Paralysis (TPP). This report describes the initial presentation of hyperthyroidism as sudden quadriplegia associated with hypokalemia. A healthy 25-year-old Puerto Rican policeman came to the emergency room with sudden paralysis in the four extremities of five hours evolution. He woke up in the morning and could not get up. The day before admission his legs felt weak, and it was hard to get out of bed. He arrived home at 7:00 PM, ate pasta and vegetables, and went to sleep at 10:00 PM. He had no diarrhea or weight loss, no history of medications or illicit drugs. He has a cousin and an aunt with the diagnosis of hypo-thyroidism. The admission temperature was 36.0 degrees C, pulse 96 per minute, respiratory rate 18 per minute, blood pressure 160/70 mmHg. He was alert and oriented as to time, place and person. He could talk properly and was in no respiratory distress. He had no exophtalmos or lid lag. The thyroid was not enlarged or tender. No pseudoclubbing or pretibial edema was found. There was flaccid paralysis of all extremities, 0/5 legs and 1/5 arms. Deep tendon reflexes could not be elicited. The cranial nerves and sensory examination were normal. The hemogram was within normal limits as were the renal and liver functions. Serum sodium was 140 mEq/L, potassium 1.48 mEq/L, phosphorus 1.4 mEq/L. A random glucose was 155 mg/dl and the arterial Ph was 7.41. The urine potassium was 7.04 mEq/L, sodium 60.8 mg/dl. TSH levelwas < 0.03 ug/d], TUP 50.69% (24-40%), T4 17.6 ug/dl (4.7-11.4 ug/dl) Free T4 Index 28.23. He was managed with intravenous potassium chloride, 80 mEq in a period of seven hours with cardiac monitor. The serum potassium level, after the infusion was completed, was 6.70 mEq/L. No cardiac arrhythmia was documented. Muscle strength recovery was gradual and it was complete 4 hours after the infusion was initiated. The next day the potassium level was within normal limits but a wide pulse pressure and tachycardia still persisted.

Geochemistry and fluxes of volatiles in the Magadi and Natron thermal springs, East African Rift

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, H.; Fischer, T. P.; Muirhead, J.; Ebinger, C. J.; Kattenhorn, S. A.; Sharp, Z. D.; Sano, Y.; Takahata, N.

2016-12-01

The Magadi and Natron basin (MNB) is in the earliest stages of continental rifting (<10 Ma) in the East African Rift, and is bounded by numerous normal faults releasing a significant amount of CO2 (4.05 Mt/yr). Although many thermal springs have been observed along fault zones, sources and fluxes of volatiles from these fluids are poorly known. This study reports geochemistry and fluxes of dissolved gases in thermal springs of the MNB (T = 36.8 - 83.5°C and pH = 8.5 - 10.3), including major gas chemistry, d13C-CO2, d15N-N2, and 3He/4He ratios. N2 (< 94.7 vol%) is the most abundant gas, with minor air contamination (mean value of O2 = 1.79 vol%). The majority of CO2 (mean = 11.8 vol%) is dissolved in alkaline waters. Abundant CH4 concentrations (19.3 and 25.1 vol%) are observed only in high temperature (82.3 - 83.5°C) samples. Mean values of Ar and He are 1.75 and 0.59 vol%, respectively. d13C-CO2 (-5.68 to 1.62‰) and CO2/3He (7.24 x 108 - 1.81 x 1011) values show that CO2 originates from both mantle and limestone. d15N-N2 (-1.46 to 0.35‰) and N2/3He (3.92 x 106 - 1.33 x 109) values indicate that the major source of N2 is atmospheric, with a minor input of mantle N2 (fmantle < 22%), except for an anomalous biogenic sample (d15N-N2 = 5.93‰). 3He/4He ratios (0.64 - 4.00 Ra) suggest contributions of radiogenic 4He derived from a crustal source. 4He flux rates (3.64 x 1011 - 3.34 x 1014 atoms/m2 sec) calculated using spring flow rates are much greater than reported mean of continental flux values (4.18x1010 atoms/m2 sec), implying that magma intrusions or widespread normal faulting may help to mobilize crustal 4He in the study area. Total flux values (mol/yr) of CO2, N2, 3He, and 4He are 7.91 x 106, 1.77 x 107, 8.18, and 9.33 x 104, respectively. In particular, the total CO2 flux of springs is 0.01% of the total diffuse CO2 flux reported in the region. Our results reveal an interaction between mantle-derived volatiles and continental crust during early stage continental rifting in the MNB, with their upward rise facilitated by dilatational fault systems.

On the coupling of hydride generation with atmospheric pressure glow discharge in contact with the flowing liquid cathode for the determination of arsenic, antimony and selenium with optical emission spectrometry.

PubMed

Greda, Krzysztof; Jamroz, Piotr; Jedryczko, Dominika; Pohl, Pawel

2015-05-01

The miniaturized atmospheric pressure glow discharge (APGD) sustained between a liquid flowing cathode and a He nozzle jet anode was combined with hydride generation (HG) to improve the performance of the determination of As, Sb and Se with optical emission spectrometry (OES). As(III), Sb(III) and Se(IV) species were converted into volatile hydrides in the reaction with NaBH4 and right after that they were delivered to the near-anode region of APGD through the nozzle. The transport efficiency of As, Sb and Se to the discharge was several times higher, while intensities of atomic emission lines of As, Sb and Se were improved 3 orders of magnitude (as compared to intensities acquired for the near-cathode region in a APGD system with a typical introduction of analytes through sputtering of the flowing liquid cathode). The effect of the concentration of NaBH4 and HCl in a sample solution, the discharge current, the flow rate of He carrier/jet-supporting and He shielding gases on the emission yield coming from As, Sb, Se, He and H atomic lines and OH and N2 band heads as well as the electron number density was thoroughly studied. Under compromised conditions, limits of detection (3σ criterion) of As, Sb and Se were respectively 4.2, 1.2 and 3.1 µg L(-1). Usefulness of the method was confirmed by the analysis of Sniadecki and Marchlewski highly mineralized spring waters (Kudowa Zdroj, Poland) on the content of As, Sb and Se. Recoveries of elements added to these spring waters were within 90.3-103.7% proving good accuracy of the HG-APGD-OES method. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Microstrucutral Modeling of Hot Spot and Failure Mechanisms in RDX Energetic Aggregates

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

with applications to disposable blood pressure cuffs . He graduated cum laude with a Bachelors of Science degree in Mechanical Engineering in May of...35 Figure 4.2. (a) Rotation , (b) Normal Stress, (c) Pressure, and (d...39 Figure 4.6. (a) Rotation , (b) Normal Stress, (c) Pressure, and (d) Accumulated plastic shear

Early episodes of high-pressure core formation preserved in plume mantle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, Colin R. M.; Bennett, Neil R.; Du, Zhixue; Cottrell, Elizabeth; Fei, Yingwei

2018-01-01

The decay of short-lived iodine (I) and plutonium (Pu) results in xenon (Xe) isotopic anomalies in the mantle that record Earth’s earliest stages of formation. Xe isotopic anomalies have been linked to degassing during accretion, but degassing alone cannot account for the co-occurrence of Xe and tungsten (W) isotopic heterogeneity in plume-derived basalts and their long-term preservation in the mantle. Here we describe measurements of I partitioning between liquid Fe alloys and liquid silicates at high pressure and temperature and propose that Xe isotopic anomalies found in modern plume rocks (that is, rocks with elevated 3He/4He ratios) result from I/Pu fractionations during early, high-pressure episodes of core formation. Our measurements demonstrate that I becomes progressively more siderophile as pressure increases, so that portions of mantle that experienced high-pressure core formation will have large I/Pu depletions not related to volatility. These portions of mantle could be the source of Xe and W anomalies observed in modern plume-derived basalts. Portions of mantle involved in early high-pressure core formation would also be rich in FeO, and hence denser than ambient mantle. This would aid the long-term preservation of these mantle portions, and potentially points to their modern manifestation within seismically slow, deep mantle reservoirs with high 3He/4He ratios.

Distinctive Glycerophospholipid Profiles of Human Seminoma and Adjacent Normal Tissues by Desorption Electrospray Ionization Imaging Mass Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masterson, Timothy A.; Dill, Allison L.; Eberlin, Livia S.; Mattarozzi, Monica; Cheng, Liang; Beck, Stephen D. W.; Bianchi, Federica; Cooks, R. Graham

2011-08-01

Desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) has been successfully used to discriminate between normal and cancerous human tissue from different anatomical sites. On the basis of this, DESI-MS imaging was used to characterize human seminoma and adjacent normal tissue. Seminoma and adjacent normal paired human tissue sections (40 tissues) from 15 patients undergoing radical orchiectomy were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen and sectioned to 15 μm thickness and thaw mounted to glass slides. The entire sample was two-dimensionally analyzed by the charged solvent spray to form a molecular image of the biological tissue. DESI-MS images were compared with formalin-fixed, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides of the same material. Increased signal intensity was detected for two seminolipids [seminolipid (16:0/16:0) and seminolipid (30:0)] in the normal tubule testis tissue; these compounds were undetectable in seminoma tissue, as well as from the surrounding fat, muscle, and blood vessels. A glycerophosphoinositol [PI(18:0/20:4)] was also found at increased intensity in the normal testes tubule tissue when compared with seminoma tissue. Ascorbic acid (i.e., vitamin C) was found at increased amounts in seminoma tissue when compared with normal tissue. DESI-MS analysis was successfully used to visualize the location of several types of molecules across human seminoma and normal tissues. Discrimination between seminoma and adjacent normal testes tubules was achieved on the basis of the spatial distributions and varying intensities of particular lipid species as well as ascorbic acid. The increased presence of ascorbic acid within seminoma compared with normal seminiferous tubules was previously unknown.

Liquid?solid helium interface: some conceptual questions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leggett, A. J.

2003-12-01

I raise, and discuss qualitatively, some conceptual issues concerning the interface between the crystalline solid and superfluid liquid phases of 4He emphasizing, in particular, the fact that the ground-state wave functions of the two phases are prima facie qualitatively quite different, in that the superfluid liquid phase possesses off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO), while the crystalline solid does not. The fact that the statics and dynamics of the interface do not appear to be particularly sensitive to the presence of ODLRO in the liquid is tentatively explained by the fact that because of a subtlety associated with the Bose statistics obeyed by the atoms, the solid and liquid wave functions are not locally very different.

Correlation of gold in siliceous sinters with 3He 4He in hot spring waters of Yellowstone National Park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fournier, R.O.; Kennedy, B.M.; Aoki, M.; Thompson, J.M.

1994-01-01

Opaline sinter samples collected at Yellowstone National Park (YNP) were analyzed for gold by neutron activation and for other trace elements by the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) method. No correlation was found between Au and As, Sb, or total Fe in the sinters, although the sample containing the highest Au also contains the highest Sb. There also was no correlation of Au in the sinter with the H2S concentration in the discharged hot spring water or with the estimated temperature of last equilibration of the water with the surrounding rock. The Au in rhyolitic tuffs and lavas at YNP found within the Yellowstone caldera show the same range in Au as do those outside the caldera, while thermal waters from within this caldera all have been found to contain relatively low dissolved Au and to deposit sinters that contain relatively little Au. Therefore, it is not likely that variations in Au concentrations among these sinters simply reflect differences in leachable Au in the rocks through which the hydrothermal fluids have passed. Rather, variations in [H2S], the concentration of total dissolved sulfide, that result from different physical and chemical processes that occur in different parts of the hydrothermal system appear to exert the main control on the abundance of Au in these sinters. Hydrothermal fluids at YNP convect upward through a series of successively shallower and cooler reservoirs where water-rock chemical and isotopic reactions occur in response to changing temperature and pressure. In some parts of the system the fluids undergo decompressional boiling, and in other parts they cool conductively without boiling. Mixing of ascending water from deep in the system with shallow groundwaters is common. All three processes generally result in a decrease in [H2S] and destabilize dissolved gold bisulfide complexes in reservoir waters in the YNP system. Thus, different reservoirs in rocks of similar composition and at similar temperatures may contain waters with different [H2S] and [Au]. The [H2S] in a subsurface reservoir water is difficult to assess on the basis of analyses of hot spring waters because of uncertainties about steam loss during fluid ascent. However, the same processes that result in low [H2S] in reservoir waters also tend to result in decreases in the ratio of 3He 4He(R) dissolved in that water. Values of R relative to this ratio in air (Ra) attain values > 15 in YNP thermal waters. To date, all of the thermal waters at YNP that have R Ra values <9 have been found to deposit sinters with relatively low gold concentrations. These include all of the thermal waters that discharge from 180-215??C reservoirs at Upper, Midway, and Lower Geyser Basins within the western part of the Yellowstone caldera, and thermal waters at Norris Geyser Basin, outside the Yellowstone caldera, where some of the waters flow directly to the surface from a reservoir where the temperature is about 300??C. A high 3He 4He ratio in thermal water discharged at the surface does not guarantee high gold concentrations in the sinter deposited by this water. Boiling with loss of steam (the gas phase takes a separate route to the surface) during rapid upflow from the shallowest reservoir to the surface decreases the [H2S] and total He dissolved in the residual liquid without appreciably changing the 3He 4He ratio. This is because the isotopic composition of the He of the initial bulk fluid is unchanged and there is too little time for much radiogenic 4He to build back into the liquid during this rapid ascent from the near-surface reservoir. However, if boiling with phase separation and loss of steam occurs deep in the system, the 3He 4He ratio in the residual liquid, now depleted in H2S and total He, will be susceptible to dilution with radiogenic 4He that is acquired during the longer residence time underground. Some or all of the Au that comes out of solution when an initial gold bisulfide complex breaks

Partial hypopituitarism and Langerhans cell histiocytosis

PubMed Central

Balaguruswamy, S; Chattington, P D

2011-01-01

A case of multisystem Langerhans cell histiocytosis with pituitary involvement nearly 20 years after initial presentation. A 48-year-old man had histiocytosis X 22 years ago initially involving the groin; subsequently his external auditory meatus, scalp, gum, mandibular bone, perineum and axilla were involved and treated. The pituitary gland was involved 4 years ago. A thyrotropin-releasing hormone test showed delayed response suggestive of hypothalamic disease. Prolactin levels were normal. A gonadotropin-releasing hormone test showed impaired testosterone and gonadotrophin response in keeping with pituitary disease. A glucagon stimulation test showed an impaired growth hormone response but a normal cortisol increase. MRI pituitary showed an empty sella. There was no evidence of diabetes insipidus. Bone mineral densitometry was normal. He has partial hypopituitarism needing thyroxine and testosterone replacement. He also developed type 2 diabetes mellitus 9 years ago. He is closely monitored for any development of diabetes insipidus and the need for growth hormone supplementation. PMID:22715201

Visualization study of counterflow in superfluid 4He using metastable helium molecules.

PubMed

Guo, W; Cahn, S B; Nikkel, J A; Vinen, W F; McKinsey, D N

2010-07-23

Heat is transferred in superfluid 4He via a process known as thermal counterflow. It has been known for many years that above a critical heat current the superfluid component in this counterflow becomes turbulent. It has been suspected that the normal-fluid component may become turbulent as well, but experimental verification is difficult without a technique for visualizing the flow. Here we report a series of visualization studies on the normal-fluid component in a thermal counterflow performed by imaging the motion of seeded metastable helium molecules using a laser-induced-fluorescence technique. We present evidence that the flow of the normal fluid is indeed turbulent at relatively large velocities. Thermal counterflow in which both components are turbulent presents us with a theoretically challenging type of turbulent behavior that is new to physics.

Statistical mechanical theory of liquid entropy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wallace, D.C.

The multiparticle correlation expansion for the entropy of a classical monatomic liquid is presented. This entropy expresses the physical picture in which there is no free particle motion, but rather, each atom moves within a cage formed by its neighbors. The liquid expansion, including only pair correlations, gives an excellent account of the experimental entropy of most liquid metals, of liquid argon, and the hard sphere liquid. The pair correlation entropy is well approximated by a universal function of temperature. Higher order correlation entropy, due to n-particle irreducible correlations for n{ge}3, is significant in only a few liquid metals, andmore » its occurrence suggests the presence of n-body forces. When the liquid theory is applied to the study of melting, the author discovers the important classification of normal and anomalous melting, according to whether there is not or is a significant change in the electronic structure upon melting, and he discovers the universal disordering entropy for melting of a monatomic crystal. Interesting directions for future research are: extension to include orientational correlations of molecules, theoretical calculation of the entropy of water, application to the entropy of the amorphous state, and correlational entropy of compressed argon. The author clarifies the relation among different entropy expansions in the recent literature.« less

Compressing Spin-Polarized 3He With a Modified Diaphragm Pump

PubMed Central

Gentile, T. R.; Rich, D. R.; Thompson, A. K.; Snow, W. M.; Jones, G. L.

2001-01-01

Nuclear spin-polarized 3He gas at pressures on the order of 100 kPa (1 bar) are required for several applications, such as neutron spin filters and magnetic resonance imaging. The metastability-exchange optical pumping (MEOP) method for polarizing 3He gas can rapidly produce highly polarized gas, but the best results are obtained at much lower pressure (~0.1 kPa). We describe a compact compression apparatus for polarized gas that is based on a modified commercial diaphragm pump. The gas is polarized by MEOP at a typical pressure of 0.25 kPa (2.5 mbar), and compressed into a storage cell at a typical pressure of 100 kPa. In the storage cell, we have obtained 20 % to 35 % 3He polarization using pure 3He gas and 35 % to 50 % 3He polarization using 3He-4He mixtures. By maintaining the storage cell at liquid nitrogen temperature during compression, the density has been increased by a factor of four. PMID:27500044

Liquid Carbon Dioxide Venting at the Champagne Hydrothermal Site, NW Eifuku Volcano, Mariana Arc

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lupton, J.; Lilley, M.; Butterfield, D.; Evans, L.; Embley, R.; Olson, E.; Proskurowski, G.; Resing, J.; Roe, K.; Greene, R.; Lebon, G.

2004-12-01

In March/April 2004, submersible dives with the remotely-operated vehicle ROPOS discovered an unusual CO2-rich hydrothermal system near the summit of NW Eifuku, a submarine volcano located at 21.49° N, 144.04° E in the northern Mariana Arc. Although several sites of hydrothermal discharge were located on NW Eifuku, the most intense venting was found at 1600-m depth at the Champagne site, slightly west of the volcano summit. The Champagne site was found to be discharging two distinct fluids into the ocean: a) several small white chimneys were emitting milky 103° C gas-rich hydrothermal fluid with at least millimolar levels of H2S and b) cold (< 4° C) droplets coated with a milky skin were rising slowly from the sediment. These droplets were later determined to consist mainly of liquid CO2, with H2S as a probable secondary component. The droplets were sticky, and did not tend to coalesce into larger droplets, even though they adhered to the ROV like clumps of grapes. The film coating the droplets was assumed to be CO2 hydrate (or clathrate) which is known to form whenever liquid CO2 contacts water under these P,T conditions. Samples of the 103° C hydrothermal fluids were collected in special gas-tight titanium sampling bottles that were able to withstand the high internal pressures created by the dissolved gases. The Champagne hydrothermal fluids contained a surprising 2.3 moles/kg of CO2, an order of magnitude higher than any CO2 values previously reported for submarine hydrothermal fluids. The overall gas composition was 87% CO2, < 0.1% CH4, < 2 ppm H2, 0.012 mM/kg 4He, with the remaining 13% (322 mM/kg) assumed to be sulfur gases (H2S, SO2, etc.). (Additional analyses planned will confirm the speciation of this sulfur gas component). The helium had R/RA = 7.3, typical of subduction zone systems (R = 3He/4He and RA = Rair). Isotopic analysis of the CO2 yielded δ 13C = -1.75 ‰ , much heavier than the -6.0 ‰ typical for carbon in MOR vent fluids. The C/3He ratio was ~2.2 x 1010, an order of magnitude higher than the average value of 2 x 109 found in MOR vent fluids. The δ 13C and C/3He values suggest a substantial contribution to the carbon from subducted carbonates rather than mantle carbon. The Champagne site is only the second locality where liquid CO2 has been observed venting into the deep sea (the other reported location is in the Okinawa Trough, see Sakai et al., 1990). Because of the presence of liquid CO2 in proximity to hydrothermal organisms, the Champagne site may prove to be a valuable natural laboratory for studying the effects of high CO2 concentrations on marine ecosystems.

Spinning superfluid 4He nanodroplets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ancilotto, Francesco; Barranco, Manuel; Pi, Martí

2018-05-01

We have studied spinning superfluid 4He nanodroplets at zero temperature using density functional theory. Due to the irrotational character of the superfluid flow, the shapes of the spinning nanodroplets are very different from those of a viscous normal fluid drop in steady rotation. We show that when vortices are nucleated inside the superfluid droplets, their morphology, which evolves from axisymmetric oblate to triaxial prolate to two-lobed shapes, is in good agreement with experiments. The presence of vortex arrays confers to the superfluid droplets the rigid-body behavior of a normal fluid in steady rotation, and this is the ultimate reason for the surprising good agreement between recent experiments and the classical models used for their description.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirchner, F.; Benninghoven, A.

Investigations on the applicability of double-focusing counter-tube mass spectrometers with iodine vapor counters for determination of mass spectra and trace analysis are reported. An ionizing electron current of several 10/sup -10/ amp is generally sufficient for taking normal mass spectra with counter tube and recorder. The effect of the iodine vapor can be kept so low through simple cutin of a condenser cooled with liquid air that the 127 mass of the iodine atom is scarcely noticeable. In the determination of the minimum gas mass that could be detected and quantitatively measured, it was surprisingly proved that in the usemore » of He as the test gas in the unheated mass spectrometer at a gas pressure of 5 x 10/sup -6/ Torr of the residual gas, there is a perturbation maximum at mass 4. This could significantly affect the sensitivity of helium detection. (tr-auth)« less

Elevated International Normalized Ratio in a Patient Taking Warfarin and Mauby: A Case Report.

PubMed

Sorbera, Maria; Joseph, Tina; DiGregorio, Robert V

2017-10-01

We describe a 70-year-old Haitian man who had been taking warfarin for 5 years for atrial fibrillation and pulmonary hypertension. This patient had his international normalized ratio (INR) checked in the pharmacist-run anticoagulation clinic and was followed monthly. Prior to the interaction, his INR was therapeutic for 5 months while taking warfarin 10.5 mg/d. The patient presented with an INR > 8.0. Patient held 4 days of warfarin and restarted on warfarin 8.5 mg/d. Two weeks later, his INR was 2.5. After continuing dose, patient presented 2 weeks later and INR was 4.8. Upon further questioning, the patient stated he recently began ingesting mauby. Mauby is a bitter dark liquid extracted from the bark of the mauby tree that is commonly used in the Caribbean population as a folk remedy with many health benefits. This case report illustrates that mauby may have a probable drug-herb interaction (Naranjo Algorithm Score of 6) when given with warfarin. There is a lack of published literature and unclear information on the Internet describing the interaction of mauby and warfarin. Health professionals should be cautious regarding interactions between warfarin and mauby until the interaction is fully elucidated.

Congenital hypothyroidism treatment in infants: a comparative study between liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine.

PubMed

Peroni, Elena; Vigone, Maria Cristina; Mora, Stefano; Bassi, Lorenzo Andrea; Pozzi, Clara; Passoni, Arianna; Weber, Giovanna

2014-01-01

To compare the effects of liquid and tablet formulations of levothyroxine (L-T4) in 78 newborns with congenital hypothyroidism (CH). 39 patients received liquid L-T4 (group A) and 39 patients received tablets (group B). Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and free thyroxine (fT4) were measured and L-T4 dose recorded at onset of therapy and during the first year of treatment. Developmental quotient (DQ) was assessed by Griffiths' mental development scales at 12 months of age. Gestational age, birth weight, screening TSH, etiology and severity of CH, age at onset of therapy and median initial L-T4 dose were similar in both groups. fT4 concentration normalized before 10 days of treatment in all patients. Normalization of TSH concentration was achieved after 7-10 days of therapy in 87% of group A patients and in 82% of group B patients. Group A patients had significantly lower TSH values compared with those of group B at 7-10 days (p = 0.05) and 6-8 months (p = 0.043) of treatment, despite similar L-T4 dose and fT4 concentration. Mean DQ scores were within normal range in all patients. We confirmed the efficacy and safety of both formulations. The TSH inhibition trend when using liquid L-T4 may be linked to a higher absorption in comparison to the tablets.

Measurement of helium isotopes in soil gas as an indicator of tritium groundwater contamination.

PubMed

Olsen, Khris B; Dresel, P Evan; Evans, John C; McMahon, William J; Poreda, Robert

2006-05-01

The focus of this study was to define the shape and extent of tritium groundwater contamination emanating from a legacy burial ground and to identify vadose zone sources of tritium using helium isotopes (3He and 4He) in soil gas. Helium isotopes were measured in soil-gas samples collected from 70 sampling points around the perimeter and downgradient of a burial ground that contains buried radioactive solid waste. The soil-gas samples were analyzed for helium isotopes using rare gas mass spectrometry. 3He/4He ratios, reported as normalized to the air ratio (RA), were used to locate the tritium groundwater plume emanating from the burial ground. The 3He (excess) suggested that the general location of the tritium source is within the burial ground. This study clearly demonstrated the efficacy of the 3He method for application to similar sites elsewhere within the DOE weapons complex.

Chemical reactions studied at ultra-low temperature in liquid helium clusters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huisken, Friedrich; Krasnokutski, Serge A.

Low-temperature reaction rates are important ingredients for astrophysical reaction networks modeling the formation of interstellar matter in molecular clouds. Unfortunately, such data is difficult to obtain by experimental means. In an attempt to study low-temperature reactions of astrophysical interest, we have investigated relevant reactions at ultralow temperature in liquid helium droplets. Being prepared by supersonic expansion of helium gas at high pressure through a nozzle into a vacuum, large helium clusters in the form of liquid droplets constitute nano-sized reaction vessels for the study of chemical reactions at ultra-low temperature. If the normal isotope {sup 4}He is used, the heliummore » droplets are superfluid and characterized by a constant temperature of 0.37 K. Here we present results obtained for Mg, Al, and Si reacting with O{sub 2}. Mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the reaction products. As it may be difficult to distinguish between reactions occurring in the helium droplets before they are ionized and ion-molecule reactions taking place after the ionization, additional techniques were applied to ensure that the reactions actually occurred in the helium droplets. This information was provided by measuring the chemiluminescence light emitted by the products, the evaporation of helium atoms by the release of the reaction heat, or by laser-spectroscopic identification of the reactants and products.« less

Ionic liquids based microwave-assisted extraction of lichen compounds with quantitative spectrophotodensitometry analysis.

PubMed

Bonny, Sarah; Paquin, Ludovic; Carrié, Daniel; Boustie, Joël; Tomasi, Sophie

2011-11-30

Ionic liquids based extraction method has been applied to the effective extraction of norstictic acid, a common depsidone isolated from Pertusaria pseudocorallina, a crustose lichen. Five 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) differing in composition of alkyl chain and anion were investigated for extraction efficiency. The extraction amount of norstictic acid was determined after recovery on HPTLC with a spectrophotodensitometer. The proposed approaches (IL-MAE and IL-heat extraction (IL-HE)) have been evaluated in comparison with usual solvents such as tetrahydrofuran in heat-reflux extraction and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE). The results indicated that both the characteristics of the alkyl chain and anion influenced the extraction of polyphenolic compounds. The sulfate-based ILs [C(1)mim][MSO(4)] and [C(2)mim][ESO(4)] presented the best extraction efficiency of norstictic acid. The reduction of the extraction times between HE and MAE (2 h-5 min) and a non-negligible ratio of norstictic acid in total extract (28%) supports the suitability of the proposed method. This approach was successfully applied to obtain additional compounds from other crustose lichens (Pertusaria amara and Ochrolechia parella). Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes the national liquid and gaseous fuel distribution system. he study leading to the report was performed as part of an effort to better understand emissions of volatile organic compounds from the fuel distribution system. he primary, secondary, and tertiary seg...

Proceedings of the International Workshop on Current Challenges in Liquid and Glass Science, (The Cosener's House, Abingdon 10-12 January 2007).

PubMed

Hannon, Alex C; Salmon, Philip S; Soper, Alan K

2007-10-17

The workshop was held to discuss current experimental and theoretical challenges in liquid and glass science and to honour the contribution made by Spencer Howells (ISIS, UK) to the field of neutron scattering from liquids and glasses. The meeting was attended by 70 experimentalists, theorists and computer simulators from Europe, Japan and North America and comprised 34 oral presentations together with two lively poster sessions. Three major themes were discussed, namely (i) the glass transition and properties of liquids and glasses under extreme conditions; (ii) the complementarity of neutron and x-ray scattering techniques with other experimental methods; and (iii) the modelling of liquid and glass structure. These themes served to highlight (a) recent advances in neutron and x-ray instrumentation used to investigate liquid and glassy materials under extreme conditions; (b) the relationship between the results obtained from different experimental and theoretical/computational methods; and (c) the modern methods used to interpret experimental results. The presentations ranged from polyamorphism in liquids and glasses to protein folding in aqueous solution and included the dynamics of fresh and freeze-dried strawberries and red onions. The properties of liquid phosphorus were also memorably demonstrated! The formal highlight was the 'Spencerfest' dinner where Neil Cowlam (Sheffield, UK) gave an excellent after dinner speech. The organisation of the workshop benefited tremendously from the secretarial skills of Carole Denning (ISIS, UK). The financial support of the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC), the Liquids and Complex Fluids Group of the Institute of Physics, The ISIS Disordered Materials Group, the CCLRC Centre for Materials Physics and Chemistry and the CCLRC Centre for Molecular Structure and Dynamics is gratefully acknowledged. Finally, it is a pleasure to thank all the workshop participants whose lively contributions led to the success of the meeting. The present special issue stems from the interest of many of those present to collect their work into a single volume. [Formula: see text] The workshop participants. Spencer Howells is in the centre of the front row. DEDICATION William Spencer Howells It is a great pleasure to dedicate this Special Issue on Current Challenges in Liquid and Glass Science to the many contributions Spencer Howells has made to the structure and dynamics of liquids and glasses over some 40 years of work with the neutron scattering technique. After completing a first degree in Physics at Cambridge in 1966, Spencer started a postgraduate program with Gordon Squires at Cambridge, exploiting the early neutron scattering instrumentation that was available in those days at the Harwell reactors. This resulted in a Ph D thesis in 1970 on the twin topics of 'Neutron scattering of phonons in single-crystal molybdenum, using a time-of-flight chopper spectrometer (Part I)' and 'Neutron studies of the metal-insulator transition (Part II)'. The thesis was split into two parts because the hydrogen moderator blew-up on the chopper instrument used for the first part! From Cambridge, he moved to Leicester University as a post-doctoral Fellow with John Enderby, who was setting up a programme of study on the liquid state of matter. Here Spencer continued to use the Harwell Dido reactor, now to measure the structure of liquid metal alloys and molten salts - a topic that has kept his interest right through into retirement. He also initiated the first structural studies of aqueous solutions using neutron scattering, eventually pursuing this work as one of the first UK users of the Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France (ILL). In 1973 Spencer moved to the ILL, which was then and has remained the world's leading steady-state neutron source, as instrument scientist on IN10, the quasi-elastic neutron scattering beam line. Here he led the field in developing the quasi-elastic technique and new quasi-elastic scattering experiments were begun on the dynamics of aqueous solutions. At the same time he was local contact for most of the UK users of the liquids diffractometer D4, often providing excellent hospitality to hungry and thirsty Ph D students, in addition to his scientific support! After the ILL he moved, in 1978, to the Spallation Neutron Source (SNS), later called ISIS, where he was responsible for building the Liquids and Amorphous Diffractometer, LAD. This was a tricky undertaking as there were no neutrons at the SNS until 1984, so initial testing of LAD was done on the Harwell Linac. He also worked on the design and specification of the SNS moderators and collimation, and his design for the neutron collimator is still in use at ISIS today. The initial design and build of the Small Angle Neutron Diffractometer for Amorphous and Liquid Samples (SANDALS) was undertaken in this period, and Spencer had a major impact on the development of the ATLAS software used to analyse diffraction data from disordered materials. He was also involved in the design of IRIS, the first quasi-elastic spectrometer at ISIS. As more people joined in liquids and amorphous materials research at ISIS, Spencer was able to diversify, and he took an increasing interest in the application of IRIS to liquid materials. Here he brought his expertise in data analysis from the ILL and LAD and applied it to the time-of-flight quasi-elastic technique. The suite of data analysis programs that evolved, called IDA, was enlarged to encompass quasi-elastic neutron scattering data taken on a number of ISIS and non-ISIS instruments, including OSIRIS, HET, and MARI (at ISIS), IN5, IN6, IN10, IN13 and IN16 (at ILL) and NEAT (at HMI, Berlin). At the same time, Spencer's penchant for working on computers meant he took an increasingly important role in setting up and running the ISIS user database and proposal system, which continued for many years until his retirement in 2004. He also became full-time instrument scientist on IRIS and even after retirement he continues to work on developing data analysis software for this instrument. In the course of his career Spencer Howells has so far produced more than 200 scientific publications, covering a broad spectrum of topics. Recent examples include 'Dynamics of fresh and freeze-dried strawberry and red onion: quasielastic neutron scattering.' and 'The structure and dynamics of 2-dimensional fluids in swelling clays', to illustrate some of the range of his science. This work has gone hand in hand with comprehensive support for users at the ILL, ISIS and elsewhere, and he has been a consultant at foreign institutions such as the Intense Pulsed Neutron Source (IPNS) at Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois. Arriving as he did at a time when large-scale central user facilities were first becoming established, Spencer has played a significant role in shaping the way these facilities operate and produce science. The Current Challenges Workshop was a fitting tribute to his work in disordered materials science and demonstrates how vibrant the field has become as a result.

Thermal boundary resistance between liquid helium and silver sinter at low temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Voncken, A.P.J.; Koenig, R.; Pobell, F.

1996-10-01

The authors present measurements of the thermal coupling between Ag sinter (nominal grain size {approx} 700{angstrom}) and superfluid {sup 3}He-B at p=0.3, 10, and 20 bar as well as a phase-separated {sup 3}He-{sup 4}He mixture at p=0.5 bar in the submillikelvin regime. In order to analyze the data of the pure {sup 3}He-B sample with respect to different contributions to the thermal resistance, a one-dimensional model for the heat flow in the sinter is presented. As a result it is shown that the thermal conductivity of the liquid in the sinter has to be taken into account to extract themore » temperature and pressure dependence of the boundary resistance in the confining geometry of the sinter. Depending on the value of this thermal conductivity, a boundary resistance proportional to T{sup {minus}2} or T{sup {minus}3} is found. Moreover, it is shown that a pressure dependence of the boundary resistance might be explained by a pressure dependence of the thermal conductivity of the liquid in the sinter. The data on the phase-separated mixture are equally well described by a T{sup {minus}2}- and a T{sup {minus}3}-dependence of the boundary resistance. The authors point out that a common problem in most measurements of the Kapitza resistance performed so far is the small temperature interval investigated, which usually does not allow a definite conclusion concerning the temperature dependence.« less

Heat transfer in a liquid helium cooled vacuum tube following sudden vacuum loss

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dhuley, R. C.; Van Sciver, S. W.

2015-12-01

Condensation of nitrogen gas rapidly flowing into a liquid helium (LHe) cooled vacuum tube is studied. This study aims to examine the heat transfer in geometries such as the superconducting RF cavity string of a particle accelerator following a sudden loss of vacuum to atmosphere. In a simplified experiment, the flow is generated by quickly venting a large reservoir of nitrogen gas to a straight long vacuum tube immersed in LHe. Normal LHe (LHe I) and superfluid He II are used in separate experiments. The rate of condensation heat transfer is determined from the temperature of the tube measured at several locations along the gas flow. Instantaneous heat deposition rates in excess of 200 kW/m2 result from condensation of the flowing gas. The gas flow is then arrested in its path to pressurize the tube to atmosphere and estimate the heat transfer rate to LHe. A steady LHe I heat load of ≈25 kW/m2 is obtained in this scenario. Observations from the He II experiment are briefly discussed. An upper bound for the LHe I heat load is derived based on the thermodynamics of phase change of nitrogen.

Low-G fluid transfer technology study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stark, J. A.

1976-01-01

Technology gaps and system characteristics critical to cryogenic and noncryogenic in-orbit fluid transfer were identified. Four different supply systems were conceptually designed as space shuttle payloads. These were; (1) space tug supply - LH2, LO2, N2H4, He - linear acceleration for liquid acquisition with supply module and tug separated from shuttle, (2) tug supply using orbiter drag, (3) orbiter supply - N2O4,MMH,He, H2,O2 - surface tension screens, (4) multiple receivers supply 0 solar electric propulsion stage, Hg, diaphragm - HEAO B, HEe, paddle fluid rotation-satellite control section, N2H4, screens. It was found that screens had the best overall potential for low weight and simplicity, however, thermal problems with cryogenics still need final resolution.

THE LIQUID AND GASEOUS FUEL DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

EPA Science Inventory

The report describes the national liquid and gaseous fuel distribution system. he study leading to the report was performed as part of an effort to better understand emissions of volatile organic compounds from the fuel distribution system. he primary, secondary, and tertiary seg...

A Density Functional for Liquid 3He Based on the Aziz Potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barranco, M.; Hernández, E. S.; Mayol, R.; Navarro, J.; Pi, M.; Szybisz, L.

2006-09-01

We propose a new class of density functionals for liquid 3He based on the Aziz helium-helium interaction screened at short distances by the microscopically calculated two-body distribution function g(r). Our aim is to reduce to a minumum the unavoidable phenomenological ingredients inherent to any density functional approach. Results for the homogeneous liquid and droplets are presented and discussed.

Atomic fluorescence emitted from a corona discharge in helium above and below saturated vapour pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shiltagh, Nagham M.; Mendoza Luna, Luis G.; Watkins, Mark J.; Thornton, Stuart C.; von Haeften, Klaus

2018-01-01

A new apparatus was constructed to investigate the visible and near infrared fluorescence spectroscopy of electronically excited helium over a wide range of pressures and temperatures, covering both the gaseous and liquid phases. To achieve sufficient throughput, increased sensitivity was established by employing a micro-discharge cell and a high performance lens system that allows for a large collection solid angle. With this set-up, several thousand spectra were recorded. The atomic 3 s 1 S → 2 p 1 P and 3 s 3 S → 2 p 3 P atomic transitions showed line shifts, spectral broadening and intensity changes that were dependent in magnitude on pressure, temperature and thermodynamic phase. While in the gas phase the lines showed little dependency on the discharge cell temperature, the opposite was observed for the liquid phase, suggesting that a significant number of atoms were solvated. Triplet lines were up to a factor of 50 times stronger in intensity than the singlet lines, depending on pressure. When taking the particle density into account, this effect was stronger in the gas phase than in the liquid phase of helium. This was attributed to the recombination of He2 +, He3 + and He4 + with electrons, which is facilitated in the gas phase because of the significantly higher mobility.

Theoretical modeling of electron mobility in superfluid {sup 4}He

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aitken, Frédéric; Bonifaci, Nelly; Haeften, Klaus von

The Orsay-Trento bosonic density functional theory model is extended to include dissipation due to the viscous response of superfluid {sup 4}He present at finite temperatures. The viscous functional is derived from the Navier-Stokes equation by using the Madelung transformation and includes the contribution of interfacial viscous response present at the gas-liquid boundaries. This contribution was obtained by calibrating the model against the experimentally determined electron mobilities from 1.2 K to 2.1 K along the saturated vapor pressure line, where the viscous response is dominated by thermal rotons. The temperature dependence of ion mobility was calculated for several different solvation cavitymore » sizes and the data are rationalized in the context of roton scattering and Stokes limited mobility models. Results are compared to the experimentally observed “exotic ion” data, which provides estimates for the corresponding bubble sizes in the liquid. Possible sources of such ions are briefly discussed.« less

Observation of dynamic atom-atom correlation in liquid helium in real space

DOE PAGES

Dmowski, W.; Diallo, S. O.; Lokshin, K.; ...

2017-05-04

Liquid 4He becomes superfluid and flows without resistance below temperature 2.17 K. Superfluidity has been a subject of intense studies and notable advances were made in elucidating the phenomenon by experiment and theory. Nevertheless, details of the microscopic state, including dynamic atom–atom correlations in the superfluid state, are not fully understood. Here using a technique of neutron dynamic pair-density function (DPDF) analysis we show that 4He atoms in the Bose–Einstein condensate have environment significantly different from uncondensed atoms, with the interatomic distance larger than the average by about 10%, whereas the average structure changes little through the superfluid transition. DPDFmore » peak not seen in the snap-shot pair-density function is found at 2.3 Å, and is interpreted in terms of atomic tunnelling. The real space picture of dynamic atom–atom correlations presented here reveal characteristics of atomic dynamics not recognized so far, compelling yet another look at the phenomenon.« less

Observation of dynamic atom-atom correlation in liquid helium in real space

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dmowski, W.; Diallo, S. O.; Lokshin, K.

Liquid 4He becomes superfluid and flows without resistance below temperature 2.17 K. Superfluidity has been a subject of intense studies and notable advances were made in elucidating the phenomenon by experiment and theory. Nevertheless, details of the microscopic state, including dynamic atom–atom correlations in the superfluid state, are not fully understood. Here using a technique of neutron dynamic pair-density function (DPDF) analysis we show that 4He atoms in the Bose–Einstein condensate have environment significantly different from uncondensed atoms, with the interatomic distance larger than the average by about 10%, whereas the average structure changes little through the superfluid transition. DPDFmore » peak not seen in the snap-shot pair-density function is found at 2.3 Å, and is interpreted in terms of atomic tunnelling. The real space picture of dynamic atom–atom correlations presented here reveal characteristics of atomic dynamics not recognized so far, compelling yet another look at the phenomenon.« less

Observation of dynamic atom-atom correlation in liquid helium in real space.

PubMed

Dmowski, W; Diallo, S O; Lokshin, K; Ehlers, G; Ferré, G; Boronat, J; Egami, T

2017-05-04

Liquid 4 He becomes superfluid and flows without resistance below temperature 2.17 K. Superfluidity has been a subject of intense studies and notable advances were made in elucidating the phenomenon by experiment and theory. Nevertheless, details of the microscopic state, including dynamic atom-atom correlations in the superfluid state, are not fully understood. Here using a technique of neutron dynamic pair-density function (DPDF) analysis we show that 4 He atoms in the Bose-Einstein condensate have environment significantly different from uncondensed atoms, with the interatomic distance larger than the average by about 10%, whereas the average structure changes little through the superfluid transition. DPDF peak not seen in the snap-shot pair-density function is found at 2.3 Å, and is interpreted in terms of atomic tunnelling. The real space picture of dynamic atom-atom correlations presented here reveal characteristics of atomic dynamics not recognized so far, compelling yet another look at the phenomenon.

The alleged contributions of Pedro E. Paulet to liquid-propellant rocketry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ordway, F. I., III

1977-01-01

The first practical working liquid propellant rocket motor was claimed by Pedro E. Paulet, a South American engineer from Peru (1895). He operated a conical motor, 10 centimeters in diameter, using nitrogen peroxide and gasoline as propellants and measuring thrust up to 90 kilograms, and apparently used spark ignition and intermittent propellant injection. The test device which he used contained elements of later test stands, such as a spring thrust-measuring device. However, he did not publish his work until twenty-five years later. Evidence is examined concerning this only known claim to liquid propellant rocket engine experiments in the nineteenth century.

Isentropic calculation for thermodynamic properties of polarized liquid 3He by considering the effect of spin-dependent correlation function

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordbar, G. H.; Hosseini, S.; Poostforush, A.

2017-05-01

Correlations in quantum fluids such as liquid 3He continue to be of high interest to scientists. Based on this prospect, the present work is devoted to study the effects of spin-spin correlation function on the thermodynamic properties of polarized liquid 3He such as pressure, velocity of sound, adiabatic index and adiabatic compressibility along different isentropic paths, using the Lennard-Jones potential and employing the variational approach based on cluster expansion of the energy functional. The inclusion of this correlation improves our previous calculations and leads to good agreements with experimental results.

Influence of the astrophysical requirements on dilution refrigerator design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sirbi, Adriana; Pouilloux, Benjamin; Benoit, Alain; Lamarre, Jean-Michel

1999-12-01

A 300 K to 0.1 K space prototype is developed in cooperation with CRTBT, IAS Air Liquide and RAL, under CNES and ESA contracts, to demonstrate the feasibility of such a cooling system. The heart of the system is a 4 K to 0.1 K open cycle dilution refrigerator circulating 3He and 4He. All the tests are now completed. The design of this system is chosen like the nominal solution for PLANCK/HFI instrument. Since scientific requirements have changed, the design of the prototype has to be adjusted to receive the focal plane of HFI (High Frequency Instrument) instrument of PLANCK. The main goal is to optimise 3He consumption without degrading both mechanical and thermal performances. This paper presents the prototype architecture, the dilution refrigerator and the associated tests. The suitability to PLANCK mission is also assessed.

Superfluid 3He—the Early Days

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, D. M.; Leggett, A. J.

2011-08-01

A history is given of liquid 3He research from the time when 3He first became available following World War II through 1972 when the discovery of the superfluid phases was made. The Fermi liquid nature was established early on, and the Landau Fermi liquid theory provided a framework for understanding the interactions between the Fermions (quasiparticles). The theory's main triumph was to predict zero sound, which was soon discovered experimentally. Experimental techniques are treated, including adiabatic demagnetization, dilution refrigerator technology, and Pomeranchuk cooling. A description of the superfluid 3He discovery experiments using the latter two of these techniques is given. While existing theories provided a basis for understanding the newly discovered superfluid phases in terms of ℓ>0 Cooper pairs, the unexpected stability of the A phase in the high- P, high- T region of the phase diagram needed for its explanation a creative leap beyond the BCS paradigm. The use of sum rules to interpret some of the unusual magnetic resonance in liquid 3He is discussed. Eventually a complete theory of the spin dynamics of superfluid 3He was developed, which predicted many of the exciting phenomena subsequently discovered.

Simultaneous detection of five different 2-hydroxyethyl-DNA adducts formed by ethylene oxide exposure, using a high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry assay.

PubMed

Tompkins, Elaine M; Jones, Donald J L; Lamb, John H; Marsden, Debbie A; Farmer, Peter B; Brown, Karen

2008-01-01

A method has been developed for the simultaneous detection and quantitation of five different 2-hydroxyethyl-DNA (HE-DNA) adducts that could be formed as a result of exposure to ethylene oxide (EO). In addition to the major N7-HE-guanine (N7-HEG) adducts this assay can also measure the less prevalent but potentially more biologically significant N1-HE-2'-deoxyadenosine (N1-HEdA), O(6)-HE-2'-deoxyguanosine (O(6)-HEdG), N(6)-HE-2'-deoxyadenosine (N(6)-HEdA) and N3-HE-2'-deoxyuridine adducts (N3-HEdU). The method involves the isolation of HE adducts from the unmodified nucleosides by either neutral thermal hydrolysis or enzymatic digestion, followed by high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) purification, before detection and quantification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) using selective reaction monitoring (SRM). The limits of detection were in the range 0.5-25 fmol for each individual adduct, making this one of the most sensitive assays available for the detection of N7-HEG. To illustrate the possible applications of the assay, it has been employed in the measurement of endogenous/background and EO-induced HE adducts in a variety of DNA samples.

Tungsten-182 heterogeneity in modern ocean island basalts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mundl, Andrea; Touboul, Mathieu; Jackson, Matthew G.; Day, James M. D.; Kurz, Mark D.; Lekic, Vedran; Helz, Rosalind T.; Walker, Richard J.

2017-04-01

New tungsten isotope data for modern ocean island basalts (OIB) from Hawaii, Samoa, and Iceland reveal variable 182W/184W, ranging from that of the ambient upper mantle to ratios as much as 18 parts per million lower. The tungsten isotopic data negatively correlate with 3He/4He. These data indicate that each OIB system accesses domains within Earth that formed within the first 60 million years of solar system history. Combined isotopic and chemical characteristics projected for these ancient domains indicate that they contain metal and are repositories of noble gases. We suggest that the most likely source candidates are mega-ultralow-velocity zones, which lie beneath Hawaii, Samoa, and Iceland but not beneath hot spots whose OIB yield normal 182W and homogeneously low 3He/4He.

Integrated fountain effect pump device for fluid management at low gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, S. W. K.; Frank, D. J.

1988-02-01

To transfer He II in space, the supply tank must be drained at low gravity. Conventional capillary devices such as the gallery system make use of the capillary retention capability of the screens for fluid management. Liquid helium is collected into gallery channels and then conveyed to the downstream fountain effect pump (FEP) or mechanical pump. In this Paper, a new fluid management device is proposed. The screens along the gallery channels are replaced by porous plugs which are responsible for both the fluid retention and pumping (by mechanical effect) of He II. No downstream pump is needed. The plugs in contact with liquid helium on both sides act as FEPs, and plugs exposed to vapour on one side behave as vapour-liquid phase separators (VLPSs). The total net transfer rate of He II into the receiving tank is the mass flow rate through the FEP minus the liquid loss from the VLPS plugs. The performance of the integrated FEP device (IFD) was analysed. The possibility of liquid breakthrough in the IFD was studied. The IFD is a very promising system for the fluid management of He II at low gravity.

The Rett syndrome in males.

PubMed

Philippart, M

1990-01-01

Two young males in their thirties are reported with a clinical history and examination indistinguishable from typical females with the Rett syndrome. Both had normal early development. The first patient had a regression by the end of the second year. He was late in walking, had prominent hand-wringing from the age of 4 years, and non-progressive dystonia from the age of 14 years. He is still ambulatory. Seizures which started at the age of 18 months have been easily controlled. The second patient has had a severe seizure disorder since the age of 7 months. In his early teens, he lost ambulation and his height and weight fell below the 2nd percentile. He has severe foot dystonia without spasticity. Both patients have a normal head size and no evidence of atrophy on a CT scan of the brain. Both had kyphoscoliosis in their teens. It is difficult to evaluate the incidence of such cases. Little attention being paid to the normal early development, they hide behind vague diagnoses such as cerebral palsy, static encephalopathy, and behavior disorder. Dystonia is often confused with spasticity, the lack of paralysis is not appreciated, apraxia and hand wringing are assumed to be self-stimulatory behaviors.

Constraining spacetime nonmetricity with neutron spin rotation in liquid 4 He

DOE PAGES

Lehnert, Ralf; Snow, W. M.; Xiao, Zhi; ...

2017-09-10

General spacetime nonmetricity coupled to neutrons is studied. In this context, it is shown that certain nonmetricity components can generate a rotation of the neutron's spin. Available data on this effect obtained from slow-neutron propagation in liquid helium are then used to constrain isotropic nonmetricity components at the level of 10 -22GeV. These results represent the first limit on the nonmetricity ζ( 6) 2S 000 parameter as well as the first measurement of nonmetricity inside matter.

Human Epididymis Protein 4: A Novel Serum Inflammatory Biomarker in Cystic Fibrosis.

PubMed

Nagy, Béla; Nagy, Béla; Fila, Libor; Clarke, Luka A; Gönczy, Ferenc; Bede, Olga; Nagy, Dóra; Újhelyi, Rita; Szabó, Ágnes; Anghelyi, Andrea; Major, Miklós; Bene, Zsolt; Fejes, Zsolt; Antal-Szalmás, Péter; Bhattoa, Harjit Pal; Balla, György; Kappelmayer, János; Amaral, Margarida D; Macek, Milan; Balogh, István

2016-09-01

Increased expression of the human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) was previously described in lung biopsy samples from patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). It remains unknown, however, whether serum HE4 concentrations are elevated in CF. Seventy-seven children with CF from six Hungarian CF centers and 57 adult patients with CF from a Czech center were enrolled. In addition, 94 individuals with non-CF lung diseases and 117 normal control subjects with no pulmonary disorders were analyzed. Serum HE4 levels were measured by using an immunoassay, and their expression was further investigated via the quantification of HE4 messenger RNA by using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction in CF vs non-CF respiratory epithelium biopsy specimens. The expression of the potential regulator miR-140-5p was analyzed by using an UPL-based quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay. HE4 was measured in the supernatants from unpolarized and polarized cystic fibrosis bronchial epithelial cells expressing wild-type or F508del-CFTR. Median serum HE4 levels were significantly elevated in children with CF (99.5 [73.1-128.9] pmol/L) compared with control subjects (36.3 [31.1-43.4] pmol/L; P < .0001). This observation was replicated in adults with CF (115.7 [77.8-148.7] pmol/L; P < .0001). In contrast, abnormal but lower HE4 concentrations were found in cases of severe bronchitis, asthma, pneumonia, and bronchiectasis. In patients with CF, the concentrations of HE4 were positively correlated with overall disease severity and C-reactive protein concentrations, whereas a significant inverse relationship was found between HE4 and the spirometric FEV1 value. Relative HE4 mRNA levels were significantly upregulated (P = .011) with a decreased miR-140-5p expression (P = .020) in the CF vs non-CF airway biopsy specimens. Twofold higher HE4 concentrations were recorded in the supernatant of polarized F508del-CF transmembrane conductance regulator/bronchial epithelial cells compared with wild-type cells. HE4 serum levels positively correlate with the overall severity of CF and the degree of pulmonary dysfunction. HE4 may thus be used as a novel inflammatory biomarker and possibly also as a measure of treatment efficacy in CF lung disease. Copyright © 2016 American College of Chest Physicians. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Application of combined 81Kr and 4He chronometers to the dating of old groundwater in a tectonically active region of the North China Plain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, Takuya; Chen, Zongyu; Wei, Wen; Yang, Guo-Min; Hu, Shui-Ming; Zhang, Xiangyang

2018-07-01

Groundwater dating by radio-krypton (81Kr; half-life of about 229,000 years) was applied to the sedimentary basin aquifer of the North China Plain (NCP). Krypton gas extracted from deep groundwater in the Coastal Plain was analyzed for 81Kr/Kr ratios by Atom Trap Trace Analysis, which yielded normalized ratios of 0.05 to 0.20, corresponding to groundwater residence times of 0.5-1 million years. Helium isotope compositions were determined on groundwater samples collected from the Central Plain and the Coastal Plain along a flow path of about 200 km. Helium dissolved in the groundwater samples are a mixture of atmospheric, crustal radiogenic and mantle derived sources. Mantle derived 3He contributes up to 30% of the total, and the area of occurrence coincides with zones of previous magmatic/tectonic activities. By contrast, >90% of 4He is derived from crustal reservoirs and correlates with 81Kr ages. The absolute groundwater ages (81Kr) and radiogenic 4He concentrations permit us to calibrate the 4He flux into the aquifer as well as the vertical diffusion rate of 4He to utilize the radiogenic 4He in groundwater as a quantitative age tracer. Previously, groundwater showed 14C activities near the limit of detection (30-40 k yr), in contrast Kr and radiogenic 4He data reveal progressively older ages from the recharge area to the Coastal Plain, from <20,000 yr to 0.5 to 1 Ma along the flow path of the NCP aquifers.

Observation of `third sound' in superfluid 3He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schechter, A. M. R.; Simmonds, R. W.; Packard, R. E.; Davis, J. C.

1998-12-01

Waves on the surface of a fluid provide a powerful tool for studying the fluid itself and the surrounding physical environment. For example, the wave speed is determined by the force per unit mass at the surface, and by the depth of the fluid: the decreasing speed of ocean waves as they approach the shore reveals the changing depth of the sea and the strength of gravity. Other examples include propagating waves in neutron-star oceans and on the surface of levitating liquid drops. Although gravity is a common restoring force, others exist, including the electrostatic force which causes a thin liquid film to adhere to a solid. Usually surface waves cannot occur on such thin films because viscosity inhibits their motion. However, in the special case of thin films of superfluid 4He, surface waves do exist and are called `third sound'. Here we report the detection of similar surface waves in thin films of superfluid 3He. We describe studies of the speed of these waves, the properties of the surface force, and the film's superfluid density.

Perfect storm: Therapeutic plasma exchange for a patient with thyroid storm.

PubMed

McGonigle, Andrea M; Tobian, Aaron A R; Zink, Jennifer L; King, Karen E

2018-02-01

Thyroid storm is a potentially lethal complication of hyperthyroidism with increased thyroid hormones and exaggerated symptoms of thyrotoxicosis. First-line therapy includes methimazole (MMI) or propylthiouracil (PTU) to block production of thyroid hormones as a bridge toward definitive surgical treatment. Untreated thyroid storm has a mortality rate of up to 30%; this is particularly alarming when patients cannot tolerate or fail pharmacotherapy, especially if they cannot undergo thyroidectomy. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is an ASFA category III indication for thyroid storm, meaning the optimum role of this therapy is not established, and there are a limited number of cases in the literature. Yet TPE can remove T3 and T4 bound to albumin, autoantibodies, catecholamines and cytokines and is likely beneficial for these patients. We report a patient with thyroid storm who could not tolerate PTU, subsequently failed therapy with MMI, and was not appropriate for thyroidectomy. TPE was therefore performed daily for 4 days (1.0 plasma volume with 5% albumin replacement and 2 U of plasma). Over the treatment course, the patient's thyroid hormones normalized and symptoms of thyroid storm largely resolved; his T3 decreased from 2.27 to 0.81 ng/mL (normal 0.8-2.0), T4 decreased from 4.8 to 1.7 ng/mL (0.8-1.8), heart rate normalized, altered mental status improved, and he converted to normal sinus rhythm. He was ultimately discharged in euthyroid state. He experienced no side effects from his TPE procedures. TPE is a safe and effective treatment for thyroid storm when conventional treatments are not successful or appropriate. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

4-D segmentation and normalization of 3He MR images for intrasubject assessment of ventilated lung volumes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Contrella, Benjamin; Tustison, Nicholas J.; Altes, Talissa A.; Avants, Brian B.; Mugler, John P., III; de Lange, Eduard E.

2012-03-01

Although 3He MRI permits compelling visualization of the pulmonary air spaces, quantitation of absolute ventilation is difficult due to confounds such as field inhomogeneity and relative intensity differences between image acquisition; the latter complicating longitudinal investigations of ventilation variation with respiratory alterations. To address these potential difficulties, we present a 4-D segmentation and normalization approach for intra-subject quantitative analysis of lung hyperpolarized 3He MRI. After normalization, which combines bias correction and relative intensity scaling between longitudinal data, partitioning of the lung volume time series is performed by iterating between modeling of the combined intensity histogram as a Gaussian mixture model and modulating the spatial heterogeneity tissue class assignments through Markov random field modeling. Evaluation of the algorithm was retrospectively applied to a cohort of 10 asthmatics between 19-25 years old in which spirometry and 3He MR ventilation images were acquired both before and after respiratory exacerbation by a bronchoconstricting agent (methacholine). Acquisition was repeated under the same conditions from 7 to 467 days (mean +/- standard deviation: 185 +/- 37.2) later. Several techniques were evaluated for matching intensities between the pre and post-methacholine images with the 95th percentile value histogram matching demonstrating superior correlations with spirometry measures. Subsequent analysis evaluated segmentation parameters for assessing ventilation change in this cohort. Current findings also support previous research that areas of poor ventilation in response to bronchoconstriction are relatively consistent over time.

Transmission Line for 258 GHz Gyrotron DNP Spectrometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogdashov, Alexandr A.; Belousov, Vladimir I.; Chirkov, Alexey V.; Denisov, Gregory G.; Korchagin, Vyacheslav V.; Kornishin, Sergey Yu.; Tai, Evgeny M.

2011-06-01

We describe the design and test results of the transmission line for liquid-state (LS) and solid-state (SS) DNP spectrometers with the second-harmonic 258.6 GHz gyrotron at the Institute of the Biophysical Chemistry Center of Goethe University (Frankfurt). The 13-meter line includes a mode converter, HE11 waveguides, 4 mitre bends, a variable polarizer-attenuator, directional couplers, a water-flow calorimeter and a mechanical switch. A microwave power of about 15 W was obtained in the pure HE11 mode at the spectrometer inputs.

Locv Calculations for Polarized Liquid 3He with the Spin-Dependent Correlation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordbar, G. H.; Karimi, M. J.

We have used the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method to calculate some ground-state properties of polarized liquid 3 He at zero temperature with the spin-dependent correlation function employing the Lennard-Jones and Aziz pair potentials. We have seen that the total energy of polarized liquid 3He increases with increasing polarization. For all polarizations, it is shown that the total energy in the spin-dependent case is lower than the spin-independent case. We have seen that the difference between the energies of spin-dependent and spin-independent cases decreases by increasing the polarization. We have shown that the main contribution of the potential energy comes from the spin-triplet state.

Magnetic coupling between liquid 3He and a solid state substrate: a new approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klochkov, Alexander V.; Naletov, Vladimir V.; Tayurskii, Dmitrii A.; Tagirov, Murat S.; Suzuki, Haruhiko

2000-07-01

We suggest a new approach for solving the long-standing problem of a magnetic coupling between liquid 3He and a solid state substrate at temperatures above the Fermi temperature. The approach is based on our previous careful investigations of the physical state of a solid substrate by means of several experimental methods (EPR, NMR, conductometry, and magnetization measurements). The developed approach allows, first, to get more detailed information about the magnetic coupling phenomenon by varying the repetition time in pulse NMR investigations of liquid 3He in contact with the solid state substrate and, second, to compare the obtained dependences and the data of NMR-cryoporometry and AFM-microscopy.

Tables and charts of equilibrium normal shock and shock-tube solutions for helium-hydrogen mixtures with velocities to 70 km/sec

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, C. G., III; Wilder, S. E.

1974-01-01

Equilibrium thermodynamic and flow properties are presented in tabulated and graphical form for moving, standing, and reflected normal shock waves into helium-hydrogen mixtures representative of proposed outer planet atmospheres. The volumetric compositions of these mixtures are 0.35He-0.65H2, 0.20He-0.80H2, and 0.05He-0.95H2. Properties include pressure, temperature, density, enthalpy, speed of sound, entropy, molecular-weight ratio, isentropic exponent, velocity, and species mole fractions. Incident (moving) shock velocities are varied from 4 to 70 km/sec for a range of initial pressure of 5 N/sq m to 100 kN/sq m. The present results are applicable to shock-tube flows and to free-flight conditions for a blunt body at high velocities. A working chart illustrating idealized shock-tube performance with a 0.20He-0.80H2 test gas and heated helium driver gas is also presented.

Mucous solids and liquid secretion by airways: studies with normal pig, cystic fibrosis human, and non-cystic fibrosis human bronchi

PubMed Central

Martens, Chelsea J.; Inglis, Sarah K.; Valentine, Vincent G.; Garrison, Jennifer; Conner, Gregory E.

2011-01-01

To better understand how airways produce thick airway mucus, nonvolatile solids were measured in liquid secreted by bronchi from normal pig, cystic fibrosis (CF) human, and non-CF human lungs. Bronchi were exposed to various secretagogues and anion secretion inhibitors to induce a range of liquid volume secretion rates. In all three groups, the relationship of solids concentration (percent nonvolatile solids) to liquid volume secretion rate was curvilinear, with higher solids concentration associated with lower rates of liquid volume secretion. In contrast, the secretion rates of solids mass and water mass as functions of liquid volume secretion rates exhibited positive linear correlations. The y-intercepts of the solids mass-liquid volume secretion relationships for all three groups were positive, thus accounting for the higher solids concentrations in airway liquid at low rates of secretion. Predictive models derived from the solids mass and water mass linear equations fit the experimental percent solids data for the three groups. The ratio of solids mass secretion to liquid volume secretion was 5.2 and 2.4 times higher for CF bronchi than for pig and non-CF bronchi, respectively. These results indicate that normal pig, non-CF human, and CF human bronchi produce a high-percent-solids mucus (>8%) at low rates of liquid volume secretion (≤1.0 μl·cm−2·h−1). However, CF bronchi produce mucus with twice the percent solids (∼8%) of pig or non-CF human bronchi at liquid volume secretion rates ≥4.0 μl·cm−2·h−1. PMID:21622844

SCREENING MODEL FOR NONAQUEOUS PHASE-LIQUID TRANSPORT IN THE VADOSE ZONE USING GREEN-AMPT AND KINEMATIC WAVE THEORY

EPA Science Inventory

In this paper, a screening model for flow of a nonaqueous phase liquid (NAPL) and associated chemical transport in the vadose zone is developed. he model is based on kinematic approximation of the governing equations for both the NAPL and a partitionable chemical constituent. he ...

On the subject of homosexuality: What Freud said.

PubMed

Flanders, Sara; Ladame, Francois; Carlsberg, Anders; Heymanns, Petra; Naziri, Despina; Panitz, Denny

2016-06-01

The article explores Freud's writing on homosexuality, from his early hypotheses, expressed in his letters to Fleiss to his last observations in The Outline of Psychoanalysis, published in 1940 after his death. We trace the continuities as well as changes in his thinking, and have organized the paper conceptually, under the headings: 1) Bisexuality 2) Narcissism and Object choice, 3) On Normality and Pathology, and 4) The Quantitative factor and Aggression. We show that Freud was the first to confirm the existence of homosexualities, that he offers no black and white solution to the question of normality and pathology, although he contributes to the understanding of the vehemence that surrounds the subject, and that, in the considerable body of work, he has offered a rich and varied foundation for further thinking on the subject. Copyright © 2016 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

Determination of detonation parameters for liquid High Explosives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mochalova, Valentina; Utkin, Alexander

2011-06-01

The experimental investigation of detonation parameters and reaction zone structure in liquid HE (bis-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal (FEFO), tetranitromethane (TNM), nitromethane (NM)) was conducted. Detonation front in TNM and NM was stable while the instability of detonation in FEFO was observed. Von Neumann spike was recorded for these HE and its parameters were determined. The different methods for C-J point determination were used for each HE. For FEFO reaction time τ was found from experiments with different charge diameters (τ is approximately equal to 300 ns); for TNM - at fixed diameter and different lengths of charges (τ ~ 200 ns); for NM - at fixed diameter and length of charges, but detonation initiation was carried out by different explosive charges (τ ~ 50 ns). It was found that in TNM the detonation velocity depends on charge diameter. Maximum value of reaction rate in investigated liquid HE was observed after shock jump and induction time was not recorded.

Determination of detonation parameters for liquid high explosives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mochalova, Valentina; Utkin, Alexander

2012-03-01

The experimental investigation of detonation parameters and reaction zone structure in liquid HE (bis-(2-fluoro-2,2-dinitroethyl)formal (FEFO), tetranitromethane (TNM), nitromethane (NM)) was conducted by means of laser interferometer VISAR. Detonation front in TNM and NM was stable while the instability of detonation in FEFO was observed. The parameters of Von Neumann spike were determined for these HE. The different methods for C-J point determination were used for each HE. For FEFO reaction time t was found from experiments with different charge diameters (τ is approximately equal to 300 ns); for TNM - at fixed diameter and different lengths of charges (τ ≈ 200 ns); for NM - at fixed diameter and length of charges, but detonation initiation was carried out by different explosive charges (τ ≈ 50 ns). It was found that in TNM the detonation velocity depends on charge diameter. Maximum value of reaction rate in investigated liquid HE was observed after shock jump.

Dry demagnetization cryostat for sub-millikelvin helium experiments: Refrigeration and thermometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Todoshchenko, I., E-mail: todo@boojum.hut.fi; Kaikkonen, J.-P.; Hakonen, P. J.

We demonstrate successful “dry” refrigeration of quantum fluids down to T = 0.16 mK by using copper nuclear demagnetization stage that is pre-cooled by a pulse-tube-based dilution refrigerator. This type of refrigeration delivers a flexible and simple sub-mK solution to a variety of needs including experiments with superfluid {sup 3}He. Our central design principle was to eliminate relative vibrations between the high-field magnet and the nuclear refrigeration stage, which resulted in the minimum heat leak of Q = 4.4 nW obtained in field of 35 mT. For thermometry, we employed a quartz tuning fork immersed into liquid {sup 3}He. We show that themore » fork oscillator can be considered as self-calibrating in superfluid {sup 3}He at the crossover point from hydrodynamic into ballistic quasiparticle regime.« less

Proteomics analysis of altered proteins in kidney of mice with aristolochic acid nephropathy using the fluorogenic derivatization-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method.

PubMed

Lin, Chia-En; Chang, Wen-Shin; Lee, Jen-Ai; Chang, Ting-Ya; Huang, Yu-Shen; Hirasaki, Yoshiro; Chen, Hung-Shing; Imai, Kazuhiro; Chen, Shih-Ming

2018-03-01

Aristolochic acid (AA) causes interstitial renal fibrosis, called aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN). There is no specific indicator for diagnosing AAN, so this study aimed to investigate the biomarkers for AAN using a proteomics method. The C3H/He female mice were given ad libitum AA-distilled water (0.5 mg/kg/day) and distilled water for 56 days in the AA and normal groups, respectively. The AA-induced proteins in the kidney were investigated using a proteomics study, including fluorogenic derivatization with 7-chloro-N-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonamide, followed by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with a MASCOT database searching system. There were two altered proteins, thrombospondin type 1 (TSP1) and G protein-coupled receptor 87 (GPR87), in the kidney of AA-group mice on day 56. GPR87, a tumorigenesis-related protein, is reported for the first time in the current study. The renal interstitial fibrosis was certainly induced in the AA-group mice under histological examination. Based on the results of histological examination and the proteomics study, this model might be applied to AAN studies in the future. TSP1 might be a novel biomarker for AAN, and the further role of GPR87 leading to AA-induced tumorigenesis should be researched in future studies. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A closed cycle cascade Joule Thomson refrigerator for cooling Josephson junction magnetometers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tward, E.; Sarwinski, R.

1985-01-01

A closed cycle cascade Joule Thomson refrigerator designed to cool Josephson Junction magnetometers to liquid helium temperature is being developed. The refrigerator incorporates 4 stages of cooling using the working fluids CF4 and He. The high pressure gases are provided by a small compressor designed for this purpose. The upper stages have been operated and performance will be described.

Theoretical Analysis of Thermodynamic Measurements near a Liquid-Gas Critical Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barmatz, M.; Zhong, Fang; Hahn, Inseob

2003-01-01

Over the years, many ground-based studies have been performed near liquid-gas critical points to elucidate the expected divergences in thermodynamic quantities. The unambiguous interpretation of these studies very near the critical point is hindered by a gravity-induced density stratification. However, these ground-based measurements can give insight into the crossover behavior between the asymptotic critical region near the transition and the mean field region farther away. We have completed a detailed analysis of heat capacity, susceptibility and coexistence curve measurements near the He-3 liquid-gas critical point using the minimal-subtraction renormalization (MSR) scheme within the phi(exp 4) model. This MSR scheme, using only two adjustable parameters, provides a reasonable global fit to all of these experimental measurements in the gravity-free region out to a reduced temperature of |t| approx. 2x10(exp -2). Recently this approach has also been applied to the earlier microgravity measurements of Haupt and Straub in SF(sub 6) with surprising results. The conclusions drawn from the MSR analyses will be presented. Measurements in the gravity-affected region closer to the He-3 critical point have also been analyzed using the recent crossover parametric model (CPM) of the equation-of-state. The results of fitting heat capacity measurements to the CPM model along the He-3 critical isochore in the gravity-affected region will also be presented.

Enantioselective separation of racemic juvenile hormone III by normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and preparation of [(2)H(3)]juvenile hormone III as an internal standard for liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry quantification.

PubMed

Ichikawa, Akio; Ono, Hiroshi; Furuta, Kenjiro; Shiotsuki, Takahiro; Shinoda, Tetsuro

2007-08-17

Juvenile hormone III (JH III) racemate was prepared from methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate via epoxidation with 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (mCPBA). Enantioselective separation of JH III was conducted using normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on a chiral stationary phase. [(2)H(3)]Methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate was also prepared from (2E,6E)-farnesoic acid and [(2)H(4)]methanol (methanol-d(4)) using 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP); the conjugated double bond underwent isomerization to some degree. Epoxidation of [(2)H(3)]methyl (2E,6E)-farnesoate with mCPBA gave a novel deuterium-substituted internal standard [(2)H(3)]JH III (JH III-d(3)). The standard curve was produced by linear regression using the peak area ratios of JH III and JH III-d(3) in liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Modeling 3H-3He Gas-Liquid Phase Transport for Interpretation of Groundwater Age

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carle, S. F.; Esser, B.; Moran, J. E.

2009-12-01

California’s Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program has measured many hundreds of tritium (3H) and helium-3 (3He) concentrations in well water samples to derive estimates of groundwater age at production and monitoring wells in California basins. However, a 3H-3He age differs from an ideal groundwater age tracer in several respects: (1) the radioactive decay of 3H results in the accumulation of 3He being first-order with respect to 3H activity (versus a zero-order age-mass accumulation process for an ideal tracer), (2) surface concentrations of 3H as measured in precipitation over the last several decades have not been uniform, and (3) the 3H-3He “clock” begins at the water table and not at the ground surface where 3H source measurements are made. To better understand how these non-idealities affect interpretation of 3H-3He apparent groundwater age, we are modeling coupled gas-liquid phase flow and 3H-3He transport including processes of radiogenic decay, phase equilibrium, and molecular diffusion for water, air, 3H, and 3He components continuously through the vadose zone and saturated zone. Assessment of coupled liquid-gas phase processes enables consideration of 3H-3He residence time and dispersion within the vadose zone, including partitioning of tritiogenic 3He to the gas phase and subsequent diffusion into the atmosphere. The coupled gas-liquid phase modeling framework provides direct means to compare apparent 3H-3He age to ideal mean or advective groundwater ages for the same groundwater flow conditions. Examples are given for common groundwater flow systems involving areal recharge, discharge to streams or long-screened wells, and aquifer system heterogeneity. The Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment program is sponsored by the California State Water Resources Control Board and carried out in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.

Magnetic resonance studies of atomic hydrogen at zero field and low temperature: Recombination and binding on liquid helium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jochemsen, R.; Morrow, M.; Berlinsky, A. J.; Hardy, W. N.

1982-07-01

Magnetic resonance studies at zero field are reported for atomic hydrogen gas confined in a closed glass bulb with helium-coated walls for T < 1 K in a dilution refrigerator. Low-energy r.f. discharge pulses have been used to produce H atoms at temperatures as low as T = 0.06 K. The atom density nH (10 9 < nH < 10 13) measured by the strength of the free induction decay signal, follows a second-order rate equation {dn H}/{dt} = -Kn H2. At the lowest temperatures recombination is dominated by the process H + H+ wall → H 2 + wall. From the temperature dependence of the rate constant K we have determined the binding energy of H on liquid 4He and 3He, and also the cross section for recombination on the surface.

In situ measurement of tritium permeation through stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luscher, Walter G.; Senor, David J.; Clayton, Kevin K.; Longhurst, Glen R.

2013-06-01

The TMIST-2 irradiation experiment was conducted in the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory to evaluate tritium permeation through Type 316 stainless steel (316 SS). The interior of a 316 SS seamless tube specimen was exposed to a 4He carrier gas mixed with a specified quantity of tritium (T2) to yield partial pressures of 0.1, 5, and 50 Pa at 292 °C and 330 °C. In situ tritium permeation measurements were made by passing a He-Ne sweep gas over the outer surface of the specimen to carry the permeated tritium to a bubbler column for liquid scintillation counting. Results from in situ permeation measurements were compared with predictions based on an ex-reactor permeation correlation in the literature. In situ permeation data were also used to derive an in-reactor permeation correlation as a function of temperature and pressure over the ranges considered in this study. In addition, the triton recoil contribution to tritium permeation, which results from the transmutation of 3He to T, was also evaluated by introducing a 4He carrier gas mixed with 3He at a partial pressure of 1013 Pa at 330 °C. Less than 3% of the tritium resulting from 3He transmutation contributed to tritium permeation.

The thermodynamic properties of normal liquid helium 3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modarres, M.; Moshfegh, H. R.

2009-09-01

The thermodynamic properties of normal liquid helium 3 are calculated by using the lowest order constrained variational (LOCV) method. The Landau Fermi liquid model and Fermi-Dirac distribution function are considered as our statistical model for the uncorrelated quantum fluid picture and the Lennard-Jones and Aziz potentials are used in our truncated cluster expansion (LOCV) to calculate the correlated energy. The single particle energy is treated variationally through an effective mass. The free energy, pressure, entropy, chemical potential and liquid phase diagram as well as the helium 3 specific heat are evaluated, discussed and compared with the corresponding available experimental data. It is found that the critical temperature for the existence of the pure gas phase is about 4.90 K (4.45 K), which is higher than the experimental prediction of 3.3 K, and the helium 3 flashing temperature is around 0.61 K (0.50 K) for the Lennard-Jones (Aziz) potential.

A compact sub-Kelvin ultrahigh vacuum scanning tunneling microscope with high energy resolution and high stability.

PubMed

Zhang, L; Miyamachi, T; Tomanić, T; Dehm, R; Wulfhekel, W

2011-10-01

We designed a scanning tunneling microscope working at sub-Kelvin temperatures in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) in order to study the magnetic properties on the nanoscale. An entirely homebuilt three-stage cryostat is used to cool down the microscope head. The first stage is cooled with liquid nitrogen, the second stage with liquid (4)He. The third stage uses a closed-cycle Joule-Thomson refrigerator of a cooling power of 1 mW. A base temperature of 930 mK at the microscope head was achieved using expansion of (4)He, which can be reduced to ≈400 mK when using (3)He. The cryostat has a low liquid helium consumption of only 38 ml/h and standing times of up to 280 h. The fast cooling down of the samples (3 h) guarantees high sample throughput. Test experiments with a superconducting tip show a high energy resolution of 0.3 meV when performing scanning tunneling spectroscopy. The vertical stability of the tunnel junction is well below 1 pm (peak to peak) and the electric noise floor of tunneling current is about 6fA/√Hz. Atomic resolution with a tunneling current of 1 pA and 1 mV was achieved on Au(111). The lateral drift of the microscope at stable temperature is below 20 pm/h. A superconducting spilt-coil magnet allows to apply an out-of-plane magnetic field of up to 3 T at the sample surface. The flux vortices of a Nb(110) sample were clearly resolved in a map of differential conductance at 1.1 K and a magnetic field of 0.21 T. The setup is designed for in situ preparation of tip and samples under UHV condition.

Sitting at the Back: Noticing "Math Noticing"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sparrow, Len

2004-01-01

Recently, the author has been fortunate to be a visitor in a number of classrooms in the United States, England and Europe. On one such visit to an Elementary School in Columbia, Missouri, the teachers accepted him into their normal classrooms for their normal lessons. He moved between three classes: Grade 1, Grade 2 and Grade 4. A snapshot…

Alagille syndrome with deletion 20p12.2-p12.3 and hypoplastic left heart.

PubMed

Robert, Marie Leema P; Lopez, Tony; Crolla, John; Huang, Shuwen; Owen, Carol; Burvill-Holmes, Lisa; Stumper, Oliver; Turnpenny, Peter D

2007-10-01

We report a male patient born at 37-weeks gestation, weighing 1.885 kg (<0.4th centile). Shortly after birth, he was diagnosed with hypoplastic left heart syndrome for which he underwent a Norwood procedure. Subsequently, he developed problems with failure to thrive and developmental delay. At the age of 4 years his delay in growth and development led to further investigations, which revealed a small de-novo interstitial deletion of chromosome 20p12.2. JAGGED1 haploinsufficiency was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Array-comparative genomic hybridization analysis confirmed and quantified an approximate 5.4 Mb interstitial deletion involving the chromosomal region 20p12.2-p12.3. This precise interstitial deletion has not been previously reported. Further clinical evaluation revealed posterior embryotoxon and butterfly vertebrae. He has normal liver function tests, facial features consistent with Alagille syndrome, and mild learning difficulties. To our knowledge this is the first report of Alagille syndrome associated with hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Mesoscopic simulations of shock-to-detonation transition in reactive liquid high explosive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maillet, J. B.; Bourasseau, E.; Desbiens, N.; Vallverdu, G.; Stoltz, G.

2011-12-01

An extension of the model described in a previous work (see Maillet J. B. et al., EPL, 78 (2007) 68001) based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics is presented and applied to a liquid high explosive (HE), with thermodynamic properties mimicking those of liquid nitromethane. Large scale nonequilibrium simulations of reacting liquid HE with model kinetic under sustained shock conditions allow a better understanding of the shock-to-detonation transition in homogeneous explosives. Moreover, the propagation of the reactive wave appears discontinuous since ignition points in the shocked material can be activated by the compressive waves emitted from the onset of chemical reactions.

Optical Study of the Critical Behaviour of Pure Fluids and Binary Mixtures.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narger, Ulrike

1990-01-01

Optical techniques were used to study the critical behaviour of the pure fluids CHF_3, CClF_3 and Xe, and binary mixtures He-Xe and nicotine + water. We find that for all these substances, the order parameter is described by a power law in the reduced temperature t = (T _{c} - T)/T_{c} with a leading exponent beta = 0.327 +/- 0.002. Also, we determine the first correction to scaling exponent to be Delta = 0.43 +/- 0.02 for the pure fluids and Delta = 0.50 +/- 0.02 for the He-Xe system. The coexistence curve diameter in CHF _3 and CClF_3 exhibits a deviation from recti-linear diameter, in agreement with a modern theory which interprets this behaviour as resulting from three-body effects. In contrast, no such deviation is observed in Xe where, according to that theory, it should be more pronounced than in other substances. In the polar fluid CHF_3, the order parameter, isothermal compressibility and the chemical potential along the critical isotherm were simultaneously measured in the same experiment in an effort to ensure self-consistency of the results. From the data, two amplitude ratios which are predicted to be universal are determined: Gamma_sp{0}{+} /Gamma_sp{0}{ -} = 4.8 +/- 0.6 and D_0 Gamma_sp{0}{+ } B_sp{0}{delta-1} = 1.66 +/- 0.14. In the binary liquid system nicotine + water, the diffusivity was measured both by light scattering and by interferometry. The results agree qualitatively, but differ by a factor of ~2. From the light scattering data, the critical exponent of the viscosity is found to be z_{eta } = 0.044 +/- 0.008. The interferometric experiments on Xe and He-Xe furnish a direct way to measure the effects of wetting: From the data, the exponent of the surface tension is found to be n = 1.24 +/- 0.06. The similarity of the order parameter and compressibility in Xe and a He-Xe mixture containing 5% He indicate that the phase transition in this He-Xe mixture is of the liquid -gas type rather than the binary liquid type.

Response of the first wetted wall of an IFE reactor chamber to the energy release from a direct-drive DT capsule

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Medin, Stanislav A.; Basko, Mikhail M.; Orlov, Yurii N.

2012-07-11

Radiation hydrodynamics 1D simulations were performed with two concurrent codes, DEIRA and RAMPHY. The DEIRA code was used for DT capsule implosion and burn, and the RAMPHY code was used for computation of X-ray and fast ions deposition in the first wall liquid film of the reactor chamber. The simulations were run for 740 MJ direct drive DT capsule and Pb thin liquid wall reactor chamber of 10 m diameter. Temporal profiles for DT capsule leaking power of X-rays, neutrons and fast {sup 4}He ions were obtained and spatial profiles of the liquid film flow parameter were computed and analyzed.

45 CFR 1801.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... degree or certificate toward which he or she is working, in no more time than the length of time normally... the conditions of the award, and is eligible for Scholarship stipend(s). Senior means a student who is...

Methomyl poisoning presenting with decorticate posture and cortical blindness.

PubMed

Lin, Chih-Ming

2014-01-17

Methomyl is a potent pesticide that is widely used in the field of agriculture. The systemic toxic effects of methomyl have been well described. However, the neurological effects of methomyl intoxication are not well understood. In this study, we report a 61-year-old Taiwanese man sent to our emergency department because of altered mental status. His family stated that he had consumed liquid methomyl in a suicide attempt. He was provided cardiopulmonary resuscitation because of unstable vital signs. He was then sent to an intensive care unit for close observation. On the second day of admission, he regained consciousness but exhibited irregular limb and torso posture. On the sixth day, he started to complain of blurred vision. An ophthalmologist was consulted but no obvious abnormalities could be identified. On suspicion of cerebral disease, a neurologist was consulted. Further examination revealed cortical blindness and decorticate posture. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was arranged, which identified bilateral occipital regions lesions. The patient was administered normal saline and treated with aspirin and piracetam for 3 weeks in hospital. During the treatment period, his symptom of cortical blindness resolved, whereas his decorticate posture was refractory. Follow-up brain MRI results supported our clinical observations by indicating the disappearance of the bilateral occipital lesions and symmetrical putaminal high signal abnormalities. In this article, we briefly discuss the possible mechanisms underlying the cerebral effects of methomyl poisoning. Our study can provide clinicians with information on the manifestations of methomyl intoxication and an appropriate treatment direction.

Energy metabolism in human melanoma cells under hypoxic and acidic conditions in vitro.

PubMed

Skøyum, R; Eide, K; Berg, K; Rofstad, E K

1997-01-01

The response to treatment and the malignant progression of tumours are influenced by the ability of the tumour cells to withstand severe energy deprivation during prolonged exposure to hypoxia at normal or low extracellular pH (pHe). The objective of the present work was to demonstrate intertumour heterogeneity under conditions of microenvironment-induced energy deprivation and to investigate whether the heterogeneity can be attributed to differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to generate energy in an oxygen-deficient microenvironment. Cultures of four human melanoma cell lines (BEX-c, COX-c, SAX-c, WIX-c) were exposed to hypoxia in vitro at pHe 7.4, 7.0 or 6.6 for times up to 31 h by using the steel-chamber method. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess adenylate energy charge as a function of exposure time. Cellular rates of glucose uptake and lactate release were determined by using standard enzymatic test kits. The adenylate energy charge decreased with time under hypoxia in all cell lines. The decrease was most pronounced shortly after the treatment had been initiated and then tapered off. BEX-c and SAX-c showed a significantly higher adenylate energy charge under hypoxic conditions than did COX-c and WIX-c whether the pHe was 7.4, 7.0 or 6.6, showing that tumours can differ in the ability to avoid energy deprivation during microenvironmental stress. There was no correlation between the adenylate energy charge and the rates of glucose uptake and lactate release. Intertumour heterogeneity in the ability to withstand energy deprivation in an oxygen-deficient microenvironment cannot therefore be attributed mainly to differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to generate energy by anaerobic metabolism. The data presented here suggest that the heterogeneity is rather caused by differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to reduce the rate of energy consumption when exposed to hypoxia.

Energy metabolism in human melanoma cells under hypoxic and acidic conditions in vitro.

PubMed Central

Skøyum, R.; Eide, K.; Berg, K.; Rofstad, E. K.

1997-01-01

The response to treatment and the malignant progression of tumours are influenced by the ability of the tumour cells to withstand severe energy deprivation during prolonged exposure to hypoxia at normal or low extracellular pH (pHe). The objective of the present work was to demonstrate intertumour heterogeneity under conditions of microenvironment-induced energy deprivation and to investigate whether the heterogeneity can be attributed to differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to generate energy in an oxygen-deficient microenvironment. Cultures of four human melanoma cell lines (BEX-c, COX-c, SAX-c, WIX-c) were exposed to hypoxia in vitro at pHe 7.4, 7.0 or 6.6 for times up to 31 h by using the steel-chamber method. High-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess adenylate energy charge as a function of exposure time. Cellular rates of glucose uptake and lactate release were determined by using standard enzymatic test kits. The adenylate energy charge decreased with time under hypoxia in all cell lines. The decrease was most pronounced shortly after the treatment had been initiated and then tapered off. BEX-c and SAX-c showed a significantly higher adenylate energy charge under hypoxic conditions than did COX-c and WIX-c whether the pHe was 7.4, 7.0 or 6.6, showing that tumours can differ in the ability to avoid energy deprivation during microenvironmental stress. There was no correlation between the adenylate energy charge and the rates of glucose uptake and lactate release. Intertumour heterogeneity in the ability to withstand energy deprivation in an oxygen-deficient microenvironment cannot therefore be attributed mainly to differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to generate energy by anaerobic metabolism. The data presented here suggest that the heterogeneity is rather caused by differences in the capacity of the tumour cells to reduce the rate of energy consumption when exposed to hypoxia. PMID:9275017

Accidental intoxication with Veratrum album.

PubMed

Grobosch, T; Binscheck, T; Martens, F; Lampe, D

2008-01-01

A 49-year-old man consumed two glasses (approximately 2 x 20 mL) of a beverage containing yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea). Shortly after ingestion, he developed nausea, vomiting, and oral paraesthesia. On admission to the hospital he suffered from severe bradycardia (35 beats/min) and hypotension (50/30 mm Hg), and he was treated with activated charcoal, antiemetics (metoclopramide, ondansetron), atropine, and intravenous electrolytic solution. The initial suspicion of Veratrum poisoning could be confirmed by identifying protoveratrines A (ProA) and protoveratrine B (ProB) in a sample from the beverage as well as in the patients serum by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS). The yellow-colored beverage contained 25% ethanol (by headspace gas chromatography), 20.4 mg/L ProA, and 13.7 mg/L ProB. The serum concentration of ProA was 1162 ng/L and ProB was 402 ng/L. Veratridine, cevadine, and jervine were not detected, neither in the beverage nor in the serum sample. The lower limits of quantitation for all compounds is 10 microg/L (S/N > 10, beverage) and 100 ng/L (S/N > 10, serum). After treatment, the patient completely recovered from the symptoms within 24 h and was discharged from the hospital. The analytical method described was developed for the simultaneous identification and quantitation of five Veratrum alkaloids. The method is based on a liquid-liquid extraction followed by LC-MS-MS analysis. The time needed for analysis was 6 min.

On the critical temperature, normal boiling point, and vapor pressure of ionic liquids.

PubMed

Rebelo, Luis P N; Canongia Lopes, José N; Esperança, José M S S; Filipe, Eduardo

2005-04-07

One-stage, reduced-pressure distillations at moderate temperature of 1-decyl- and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bistriflilamide ([Ntf(2)](-)) ionic liquids (ILs) have been performed. These liquid-vapor equilibria can be understood in light of predictions for normal boiling points of ILs. The predictions are based on experimental surface tension and density data, which are used to estimate the critical points of several ILs and their corresponding normal boiling temperatures. In contrast to the situation found for relatively unstable ILs at high-temperature such as those containing [BF(4)](-) or [PF(6)](-) anions, [Ntf(2)](-)-based ILs constitute a promising class in which reliable, accurate vapor pressure measurements can in principle be performed. This property is paramount for assisting in the development and testing of accurate molecular models.

Test of phi(sup 2) model predictions near the (sup 3)He liquid-gas critical point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barmatz, M.; Zhong, F.; Hahn, I.

2000-01-01

NASA is supporting the development of an experiment called MISTE (Microgravity Scaling Theory Experiment) for future International Space Station mission. The main objective of this flight experiment is to perform in-situ PVT, heat capacity at constant volume, C(sub v) and chi(sub tau), measurements in the asymptotic region near the (sup 3)He liquid-gas critical point.

Four Thrombotic Events Over 5 Years, Two Pulmonary Emboli and Two Deep Venous Thrombosis, When Testosterone-HCG Therapy Was Continued Despite Concurrent Anticoagulation in a 55-Year-Old Man With Lupus Anticoagulant.

PubMed

Glueck, Charles J; Lee, Kevin; Prince, Marloe; Jetty, Vybhav; Shah, Parth; Wang, Ping

2016-01-01

When exogenous testosterone or treatments to elevate testosterone (human chorionic gonadotropin [HCG] or Clomid) are prescribed for men who have antecedent thrombophilia, deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism often occur and may recur despite adequate anticoagulation if testosterone therapy is continued. A 55-year-old white male was referred to us because of 4 thrombotic events, 3 despite adequate anticoagulation over a 5-year period. We assessed interactions between thrombophilia, exogenous testosterone therapy, and recurrent thrombosis. In 2009, despite low-normal serum testosterone 334 ng/dL (lower normal limit [LNL] 300 ng/dL), he was given testosterone (TT) cypionate (50 mg/week) and human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG; 500 units/week) for presumed hypogonadism. Ten months later, with supranormal serum T (1385 ng/dL, upper normal limit [UNL] 827 ng/dL) and estradiol (E2) 45 pg/mL (UNL 41 pg/mL), he had a pulmonary embolus (PE) and was then anticoagulated for 2 years (enoxaparin, then warfarin). Four years later, on TT-HCG, he had his first deep venous thrombosis (DVT). TT was stopped and HCG continued; he was anticoagulated (enoxaparin, then warfarin, then apixaban, then fondaparinux). One year after his first DVT, on HCG, still on fondaparinux, he had a second DVT (5/315), was anticoagulated (enoxaparin + warfarin), with a Greenfield filter placed, but 8 days later had a second PE. Thrombophilia testing revealed the lupus anticoagulant. After stopping HCG, and maintained on warfarin, he has been free of further DVT-PE for 9 months. When DVT-PE occur on TT or HCG, in the presence of thrombophilia, TT-HCG should be stopped, lest DVT-PE reoccur despite concurrent anticoagulation.

Turbulent statistics and intermittency enhancement in coflowing superfluid 4He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biferale, L.; Khomenko, D.; L'vov, V.; Pomyalov, A.; Procaccia, I.; Sahoo, G.

2018-02-01

The large-scale turbulent statistics of mechanically driven superfluid 4He was shown experimentally to follow the classical counterpart. In this paper, we use direct numerical simulations to study the whole range of scales in a range of temperatures T ∈[1.3 ,2.1 ] K. The numerics employ self-consistent and nonlinearly coupled normal and superfluid components. The main results are that (i) the velocity fluctuations of normal and super components are well correlated in the inertial range of scales, but decorrelate at small scales. (ii) The energy transfer by mutual friction between components is particulary efficient in the temperature range between 1.8 and 2 K, leading to enhancement of small-scale intermittency for these temperatures. (iii) At low T and close to Tλ, the scaling properties of the energy spectra and structure functions of the two components are approaching those of classical hydrodynamic turbulence.

Comparison of Mg-based multilayers for solar He II radiation at 30.4 nm wavelength

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhu Jingtao; Zhou Sika; Li Haochuan

2010-07-10

Mg-based multilayers, including SiC/Mg, Co/Mg, B4C/Mg, and Si/Mg, are investigated for solar imaging and a He II calibration lamp at a 30.4 nm wavelength. These multilayers were fabricated by a magnetron sputtering method and characterized by x-ray reflection. The reflectivities of these multilayers were measured by synchrotron radiation. Near-normal-incidence reflectivities of Co/Mg and SiC/Mg multilayer mirrors are as high as 40.3% and 44.6%, respectively, while those of B4C/Mg and Si/Mg mirrors are too low for application. The measured results suggest that SiC/Mg, Co/Mg multilayers are promising for a 30.4 nm wavelength.

Conjugate gradient filtering of instantaneous normal modes, saddles on the energy landscape, and diffusion in liquids.

PubMed

Chowdhary, J; Keyes, T

2002-02-01

Instantaneous normal modes (INM's) are calculated during a conjugate-gradient (CG) descent of the potential energy landscape, starting from an equilibrium configuration of a liquid or crystal. A small number (approximately equal to 4) of CG steps removes all the Im-omega modes in the crystal and leaves the liquid with diffusive Im-omega which accurately represent the self-diffusion constant D. Conjugate gradient filtering appears to be a promising method, applicable to any system, of obtaining diffusive modes and facilitating INM theory of D. The relation of the CG-step dependent INM quantities to the landscape and its saddles is discussed.

A variable conductance gas switch for intermediate temperature operation of liquid He/liquid N2 cryostats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rayner, J. T.; Chuter, T. C.; Mclean, I. S.; Radostitz, J. V.; Nolt, I. G.

1988-01-01

A technique for establishing a stable intermediate temperature stage in liquid He/liquid N2 double vessel cryostats is described. The tertiary cold stage, which can be tuned to any temperature between 10 and 60 K, is ideal for cooling IR sensors for use in astronomy and physics applications. The device is called a variable-conductance gas switch. It is essentially a small chamber, located between the cold stage and liquid helium cold-face, whose thermal conductance may be controlled by varying the pressure of helium gas within the chamber. A key feature of this device is the large range of temperature control achieved with a very small (less than 10 mW) heat input from the cryogenic temperature control switch.

Longitudinal assessment of treatment effects on pulmonary ventilation using 1H/3He MRI multivariate templates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tustison, Nicholas J.; Contrella, Benjamin; Altes, Talissa A.; Avants, Brian B.; de Lange, Eduard E.; Mugler, John P.

2013-03-01

The utitlity of pulmonary functional imaging techniques, such as hyperpolarized 3He MRI, has encouraged their inclusion in research studies for longitudinal assessment of disease progression and the study of treatment effects. We present methodology for performing voxelwise statistical analysis of ventilation maps derived from hyper­ polarized 3He MRI which incorporates multivariate template construction using simultaneous acquisition of IH and 3He images. Additional processing steps include intensity normalization, bias correction, 4-D longitudinal segmentation, and generation of expected ventilation maps prior to voxelwise regression analysis. Analysis is demonstrated on a cohort of eight individuals with diagnosed cystic fibrosis (CF) undergoing treatment imaged five times every two weeks with a prescribed treatment schedule.

Integrated fountain effect pump device for fluid management at low gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuan, S. W. K.; Frank, D. J.

1988-01-01

A new device for fluid management at low gravity is described. The system is basically the same as the enclosed capillary device using screens, in which the screens along the gallery channels are replaced by porous plugs which are responsible for both the fluid retention and pumping of He II; in this device, no downstream pump is needed. The plugs in contact with liquid He on both sides act as a fountain-effect pumps (FEPs), while plugs exposed to vapor on one side behave as vapor-liquid phase separators (VLPSs). The total net rate of He II transfer into the receiving tank equals the mass flow rate through the FEP plugs minus the liquid loss from the VLPS plugs. The results of the performance analysis of this integrated FEP device are presented together with its schematic diagram.

An elemental abundance analysis of the superficially normal A star Vega

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adelman, Saul J.; Gulliver, Austin F.

1990-01-01

An elemental abundance analysis of Vega has been performed using high-signal-to-noise 2.4 A/mm Reticon observations of the region 4313-4809 A. Vega is found to be a metal-poor star with a mean underabundance of 0.60 dex. The He/H ratio of 0.03 as derived from He I 4472 A suggests that the superficial helium convection zone has disappeared and that radiative diffusion is producing the photospheric abundance anomalies.

Effect of Box-Cox transformation on power of Haseman-Elston and maximum-likelihood variance components tests to detect quantitative trait Loci.

PubMed

Etzel, C J; Shete, S; Beasley, T M; Fernandez, J R; Allison, D B; Amos, C I

2003-01-01

Non-normality of the phenotypic distribution can affect power to detect quantitative trait loci in sib pair studies. Previously, we observed that Winsorizing the sib pair phenotypes increased the power of quantitative trait locus (QTL) detection for both Haseman-Elston (HE) least-squares tests [Hum Hered 2002;53:59-67] and maximum likelihood-based variance components (MLVC) analysis [Behav Genet (in press)]. Winsorizing the phenotypes led to a slight increase in type 1 error in H-E tests and a slight decrease in type I error for MLVC analysis. Herein, we considered transforming the sib pair phenotypes using the Box-Cox family of transformations. Data were simulated for normal and non-normal (skewed and kurtic) distributions. Phenotypic values were replaced by Box-Cox transformed values. Twenty thousand replications were performed for three H-E tests of linkage and the likelihood ratio test (LRT), the Wald test and other robust versions based on the MLVC method. We calculated the relative nominal inflation rate as the ratio of observed empirical type 1 error divided by the set alpha level (5, 1 and 0.1% alpha levels). MLVC tests applied to non-normal data had inflated type I errors (rate ratio greater than 1.0), which were controlled best by Box-Cox transformation and to a lesser degree by Winsorizing. For example, for non-transformed, skewed phenotypes (derived from a chi2 distribution with 2 degrees of freedom), the rates of empirical type 1 error with respect to set alpha level=0.01 were 0.80, 4.35 and 7.33 for the original H-E test, LRT and Wald test, respectively. For the same alpha level=0.01, these rates were 1.12, 3.095 and 4.088 after Winsorizing and 0.723, 1.195 and 1.905 after Box-Cox transformation. Winsorizing reduced inflated error rates for the leptokurtic distribution (derived from a Laplace distribution with mean 0 and variance 8). Further, power (adjusted for empirical type 1 error) at the 0.01 alpha level ranged from 4.7 to 17.3% across all tests using the non-transformed, skewed phenotypes, from 7.5 to 20.1% after Winsorizing and from 12.6 to 33.2% after Box-Cox transformation. Likewise, power (adjusted for empirical type 1 error) using leptokurtic phenotypes at the 0.01 alpha level ranged from 4.4 to 12.5% across all tests with no transformation, from 7 to 19.2% after Winsorizing and from 4.5 to 13.8% after Box-Cox transformation. Thus the Box-Cox transformation apparently provided the best type 1 error control and maximal power among the procedures we considered for analyzing a non-normal, skewed distribution (chi2) while Winzorizing worked best for the non-normal, kurtic distribution (Laplace). We repeated the same simulations using a larger sample size (200 sib pairs) and found similar results. Copyright 2003 S. Karger AG, Basel

AsS melt under pressure: one substance, three liquids.

PubMed

Brazhkin, V V; Katayama, Y; Kondrin, M V; Hattori, T; Lyapin, A G; Saitoh, H

2008-04-11

An in situ high-temperature--high-pressure study of liquid chalcogenide AsS by x-ray diffraction, resistivity measurements, and quenching from melt is presented. The obtained data provide direct evidence for the existence in the melt under compression of two transformations: one is from a moderate-viscosity molecular liquid to a high-viscosity nonmetallic polymerized liquid at P approximately 1.6-2.2 GPa; the other is from the latter to a low-viscosity metallic liquid at P approximately 4.6-4.8 GPa. Upon rapid cooling, molecular and metallic liquids crystallize to normal and high-pressure phases, respectively, while a polymerized liquid is easily quenched to a new AsS glass. General aspects of multiple phase transitions in liquid AsS, including relations to the phase diagram of the respective crystalline, are discussed.

Synthesis of ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond films by microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition using a He/H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) gas mixture.

PubMed

Chowdhury, S; Hillman, Damon A; Catledge, Shane A; Konovalov, Valery V; Vohra, Yogesh K

2006-10-01

Ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond (USND) films were synthesized on Ti-6Al-4V medical grade substrates by adding helium in H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) plasma and changing the N(2)/CH(4) gas flow from 0 to 0.6. We were able to deposit diamond films as smooth as 6 nm (root-mean-square), as measured by an atomic force microscopy (AFM) scan area of 2 μm(2). Grain size was 4-5 nm at 71% He in (H(2) + He) and N(2)/CH(4) gas flow ratio of 0.4 without deteriorating the hardness (~50-60 GPa). The characterization of the films was performed with AFM, scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and nanoindentation techniques. XRD and Raman results showed the nanocrystalline nature of the diamond films. The plasma species during deposition were monitored by optical emission spectroscopy. With increasing N(2)/CH(4) feedgas ratio (CH(4) was fixed) in He/H(2)/CH(4)/N(2) plasma, a substantial increase of CN radical (normalized by Balmer H(α) line) was observed along with a drop in surface roughness up to a critical N(2)/CH(4) ratio of 0.4. The CN radical concentration in the plasma was thus correlated to the formation of ultrasmooth nanostructured diamond films.

Development of a Proof of Concept Low Temperature Superfluid Magnetic Pump with Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jahromi, Amir E.

State of the art particle and photon detectors such as Transition Edge Sensors (TES) and Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detectors (MKID) use large arrays of sensors or detectors for space science missions. As the size of these space science detectors increases, future astrophysics missions will require sub-Kelvin coolers over larger areas. This leads to not only increased cooling power requirements, but also a requirement for distributed sub-Kelvin cooling. Development of a proof of concept Superfluid Magnetic Pump is discussed in this work. This novel low temperature, no moving part pump can replace the existing bellows-piston driven 4He or 3He- 4He mixture compressor/circulators used in various sub Kelvin refrigeration systems such as dilution, Superfluid pulse tube, or active magnetic regenerative refrigerators. Due to its superior thermal transport properties this pump can also be used as a simple circulator of sub-Lambda 4He to distribute cooling over large surface areas. The pump discussed in this work was experimentally shown to produce a maximum flow rate of 440 mg/s (averaged over cycle), 665 mg/s (peak) and produced a maximum pressure difference of 2323 Pascal. This pump worked in an "ideal" thermodynamic state: The experimental results matched with the theoretical values predicted by a computer model. Pump curves were developed to map the performance of this pump. This successful demonstration will enable this novel pump to be put to test in suitable sub Kelvin refrigeration systems. Numerical modeling of an Active Magnetic Regenerative Refrigerator (AMRR) that uses the Superfluid Magnetic Pump (SMP) to circulate liquid 3He-4He through a magnetic regenerator is presented as a potential application of such a pump.

Holoprosencephaly with Dandy-Walker cyst. Rare coexistence of two major malformations.

PubMed

Kurokawa, Y; Tsuchita, H; Sohma, T; Kitami, K; Takeda, T; Hattori, S

1990-01-01

A case of holoprosencephaly associated with Dandy-Walker cyst is reported. The patient was a male baby whose mother had normal serum titers for toxoplasma, syphilis, rubella and hepatitis B. She had no history of diabetes mellitus, administration of drugs or irradiation during the pregnancy. At the 8th month of gestation, fetal hydrocephalus was diagnosed by ultrasonic imaging. He was delivered by caesarean section at 34 weeks and 4 days, weighing 2,644 g. His head circumference was 42 cm; the anterior fontanel was not distended and its tension was normal. The chromosomal karyotype was a normal 46 XY. X-ray CT showed a large dorsal sac cyst in the supratentorial space and a hypoplastic cerebellum with a large cyst in the posterior fossa. He received a cyst-peritoneal shunt 24 days after birth. After this procedure, his head enlargement was arrested. We discuss the etiology of this rare coexistence of two major malformations.

40 CFR 13.16 - Liquidation of collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... STANDARDS Collection § 13.16 Liquidation of collateral. Where the Administrator holds a security instrument with a power of sale or has physical possession of collateral, he may liquidate the security or... businesses, including liquidation of security or collateral, is not a prerequisite to requiring payment by a...

22 CFR 213.17 - Liquidation of collateral.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Liquidation of collateral. Where the CFO holds a security instrument with a power of sale or has physical possession of collateral, he may liquidate the security or collateral and apply the proceeds to the overdue... circumstances require judicial foreclosure. However, collection from other businesses, including liquidation of...

Flow visualization in superfluid helium-4 using He2 molecular tracers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Wei

Flow visualization in superfluid helium is challenging, yet crucial for attaining a detailed understanding of quantum turbulence. Two problems have impeded progress: finding and introducing suitable tracers that are small yet visible; and unambiguous interpretation of the tracer motion. We show that metastable He2 triplet molecules are outstanding tracers compared with other particles used in helium. These molecular tracers have small size and relatively simple behavior in superfluid helium: they follow the normal fluid motion at above 1 K and will bind to quantized vortex lines below about 0.6 K. A laser-induced fluorescence technique has been developed for imaging the He2 tracers. We will present our recent experimental work on studying the normal-fluid motion by tracking thin lines of He2 tracers created via femtosecond laser-field ionization in helium. We will also discuss a newly launched experiment on visualizing vortex lines in a magnetically levitated superfluid helium drop by imaging the He2 tracers trapped on the vortex cores. This experiment will enable unprecedented insight into the behavior of a rotating superfluid drop and will untangle several key issues in quantum turbulence research. We acknowledge the support from the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-1507386 and the US Department of Energy under Grant No. DE-FG02 96ER40952.

[Acute psychiatric pathology disclosing subcortical lesion in neuro-AIDS].

PubMed

Donnet, A; Harlé, J R; Cherif, A A; Gastaut, J A; Weiller, P J

1991-01-01

Maccario et al. described, in 1987, the case of an HIV-positive patient whose psychotic symptomatology was the expression of right centrum semi-ovale lesion. We report the case of a patient who suffered a sudden delirium, expression of a probable right lenticular cerebral toxoplasmosis. This 35-year-old male homosexual, who had no psychiatric history, suddenly developed in November 1988 the following psychiatric signs: he started to walk back and forth incessantly, he had the impression that he was the subject of the conversations of the passers-by, that all the posters and notices refer to him, and that he was God. He was admitted in a psychiatric department where the symptoms were progressively curbed by neuroleptics (cyamemazine 75 mg, and haloperidol 15 mg). The episode was not questioned by the patient, but attributed to bad eating habits. HIV-positivity had been discovered a year later (during systematic screening). A computerized tomographic (CT) scan performed subsequently to this delirium was interpreted as normal. Four weeks later the patient was referred to us. The psychiatric condition was stabilized in spite of a certain aggressiveness and the probable persistence of an underlying delirium state. Laboratory examinations showed the following: blood count revealed leukopenia (2.2 G/l) and thrombocytopenia (135 G/l; OKT4/OKT8 ratio was 0.08; CSF: normal; sputum culture evidenced the presence of pneumocystis carinii; EEG were normal. Neuropsychological symptoms concerned in particular a lack of concentration during the different tests with a definitive wavering of attention. Lexical retrieval was poor whatever the topic proposed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Susceptibility Measurements Near the He-3 Liquid-Gas Critical Point

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barmatz, Martin; Zhong, Fang; Hahn, Inseob

2000-01-01

An experiment is now being developed to measure both the linear susceptibility and specific heat at constant volume near the liquid-gas critical point of He-3 in a microgravity environment. An electrostriction technique for measuring susceptibility will be described. Initial electrostriction measurements were performed on the ground along the critical isochore in a 0.5 mm high measurement cell filled to within 0.1 % of the critical density. These measurements agreed with the susceptibility determined from pressure-density measurements along isotherms. The critical temperature, T(sub c), determined separately from specific heat and susceptibility measurements was self-consistent. Susceptibility measurements in the range t = T/T(sub c) - 1 > 10(exp -4)were fit to Chi(sup *)(sub T) = Gamma(sup +)t(exp -lambda)(1 + Gamma(sup +)(sub 1)t(sup delta). Best fit parameters for the asymptotic amplitude Gamma(sup +) and the first Wegner amplitude Gamma(sup +)(sub 1) will be presented and compared to previous measurements.

Ginzburg-Landau theory for the solid-liquid interface of bcc elements. II - Application to the classical one-component plasma, the Wigner crystal, and He-4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zeng, X. C.; Stroud, D.

1989-01-01

The previously developed Ginzburg-Landau theory for calculating the crystal-melt interfacial tension of bcc elements to treat the classical one-component plasma (OCP), the charged fermion system, and the Bose crystal. For the OCP, a direct application of the theory of Shih et al. (1987) yields for the surface tension 0.0012(Z-squared e-squared/a-cubed), where Ze is the ionic charge and a is the radius of the ionic sphere. Bose crystal-melt interface is treated by a quantum extension of the classical density-functional theory, using the Feynman formalism to estimate the relevant correlation functions. The theory is applied to the metastable He-4 solid-superfluid interface at T = 0, with a resulting surface tension of 0.085 erg/sq cm, in reasonable agreement with the value extrapolated from the measured surface tension of the bcc solid in the range 1.46-1.76 K. These results suggest that the density-functional approach is a satisfactory mean-field theory for estimating the equilibrium properties of liquid-solid interfaces, given knowledge of the uniform phases.

Concept for a dark matter detector using liquid helium-4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, W.; McKinsey, D. N.

2013-06-01

Direct searches for light dark matter particles (mass<10GeV) are especially challenging because of the low energies transferred in elastic scattering to typical heavy nuclear targets. We investigate the possibility of using liquid helium-4 as a target material, taking advantage of the favorable kinematic matching of the helium nucleus to light dark matter particles. Monte Carlo simulations are performed to calculate the charge, scintillation, and triplet helium molecule signals produced by recoil He ions, for a variety of energies and electric fields. We show that excellent background rejection might be achieved based on the ratios between different signal channels. The sensitivity of the helium-based detector to light dark matter particles is estimated for various electric fields and light collection efficiencies.

A novel X-ray diffractometer for studies of liquid-liquid interfaces.

PubMed

Murphy, Bridget M; Greve, Matthais; Runge, Benjamin; Koops, Christian T; Elsen, Annika; Stettner, Jochim; Seeck, Oliver H; Magnussen, Olaf M

2014-01-01

The study of liquid-liquid interfaces with X-ray scattering methods requires special instrumental considerations. A dedicated liquid surface diffractometer employing a tilting double-crystal monochromator in Bragg geometry has been designed. This diffractometer allows reflectivity and grazing-incidence scattering measurements of an immobile mechanically completely decoupled liquid sample, providing high mechanical stability. The available energy range is from 6.4 to 29.4 keV, covering many important absorption edges. The instrument provides access in momentum space out to 2.54 Å(-1) in the surface normal and out to 14.8 Å(-1) in the in-plane direction at 29.4 keV. Owing to its modular design the diffractometer is also suitable for heavy apparatus such as vacuum chambers. The instrument performance is described and examples of X-ray reflectivity studies performed under in situ electrochemical control and on biochemical model systems are given.

A phthalide derivative isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis photiniae induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cells.

PubMed

Chen, C; Yang, R L

2013-08-01

MP [4-(3',3'-dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] was obtained from liquid culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniae isolated from the Chinese Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus. MP significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa tumor cell lines. After treatment with MP, characteristic apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in DAPI-stained HeLa cells. Flow cytometry showed that MP induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate protein and mRNA expression. MP caused significant cell cycle arrest by upregulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27(KIP1) protein and p21(CIP1) mRNA levels in HeLa cells. The expression of p73 protein was increased after treatment with various MP concentrations. mRNA expression of the cell cycle-related genes, p21(CIP1), p16(INK4a) and Gadd45α, was significantly upregulated and mRNA levels demonstrated significantly increased translation of p73, JunB, FKHR, and Bim. The results indicate that MP may be a potential treatment for cervical cancer.

Electron Bubbles in Superfluid (3) 3 He-A: Exploring the Quasiparticle-Ion Interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shevtsov, Oleksii; Sauls, J. A.

2017-06-01

When an electron is forced into liquid ^3He, it forms an "electron bubble", a heavy ion with radius, R˜eq 1.5 nm, and mass, M˜eq 100 m_3, where m_3 is the mass of a ^3He atom. These negative ions have proven to be powerful local probes of the physical properties of the host quantum fluid, especially the excitation spectra of the superfluid phases. We recently developed a theory for Bogoliubov quasiparticles scattering off electron bubbles embedded in a chiral superfluid that provides a detailed understanding of the spectrum of Weyl Fermions bound to the negative ion, as well as a theory for the forces on moving electron bubbles in superfluid ^3He-A (Shevtsov and Sauls in Phys Rev B 94:064511, 2016). This theory is shown to provide quantitative agreement with measurements reported by the RIKEN group (Ikegami et al. in Science 341(6141):59, 2013) for the drag force and anomalous Hall effect of moving electron bubbles in superfluid ^3He-A. In this report, we discuss the sensitivity of the forces on the moving ion to the effective interaction between normal-state quasiparticles and the ion. We consider models for the quasiparticle-ion (QP-ion) interaction, including the hard-sphere potential, constrained random-phase-shifts, and interactions with short-range repulsion and intermediate-range attraction. Our results show that the transverse force responsible for the anomalous Hall effect is particularly sensitive to the structure of the QP-ion potential and that strong short-range repulsion, captured by the hard-sphere potential, provides an accurate model for computing the forces acting on the moving electron bubble in superfluid 3He-A.

Phaeochromocytoma with hypercortisolism and hypercalcaemia.

PubMed

Edafe, Ovie; Webster, Jonathan; Fernando, Malee; Vinayagam, Ragu; Balasubramanian, Sabapathy P

2015-10-07

We report a case of phaeochromocytoma associated with hypercortisolism and hypercalcaemia in a 62-year-old man. The patient presented to clinic, with a 3-year history of exertional headaches, and a 4-month history of increasing fatigue, sweating and palpitations, loss of appetite and weight, and sleepiness. He did not have a medical, family or social history that could account for these symptoms. 24 h urinary catecholamines, plasma metanephrines, 24 h urinary cortisol and adjusted serum calcium, were elevated. Overnight low-dose dexamethasone suppression test did not suppress morning plasma cortisol. Serum intact parathyroid hormone and parathyroid hormone-related peptide were low, and adrenocorticotropic hormone was normal. The patient was treated with intravenous 0.9% sodium chloride and disodium pamidronate to control hypercalcaemia. CT showed a 10 cm left adrenal mass. Following inpatient treatment with phenoxybenzamine, he underwent a left adrenectomy and histology confirmed a phaeochromocytoma. Postoperatively, he required long-term steroids for contralateral adrenal suppression. Adjusted serum calcium returned to normal postoperatively. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Soviet-West German Symposium on Heat Transfer in Cryogenic Systems, 3rd, Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR, Oct. 9-11, 1989, Proceedings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-04-01

The papers presented in this volume describe a rotating cryostat for the simulation of mechanical, thermal, and hydraulic processes in superconducting rotors; the problems of cooling the fully superconducting generator stator; an investigation of natural circulation by optical methods; and a method of calculating void fraction for vapor-liquid or gas-liquid flow conditions. Attention is given to an experimental study of the processes of He-3 boiling and condensation, heat transfer in He II at a slow variation of the heat load, an investigation of He II flow crisis in porous media, and cryogenic heat pipes. Other papers are on the stability of rotating superconducting windings for electric machines, the stability of high-temperature superconductors cooled by liquid nitrogen, a calculation of the transpiration cooling of a cylindrical porous wall, and pressure losses in boiling nitrogen flow through horizontal channels.

Circulating concentrations of free thyroxine after an oral intake of liquid LT4 taken either during fasting conditions or at breakfast.

PubMed

Marina, Michela; Ceda, Gian Paolo; Aloe, Rosalia; Gnocchi, Cecilia; Ceresini, Graziano

2017-01-16

Liquid levothyroxine (LT4) given at breakfast normalizes TSH in hypothyroid patients. However, a few studies are available on circulating free thyroxine (FT4) concentrations after liquid vs solid LT4 preparations. During an "ad interim" analysis on serum FT4 after 200 mcg liquid LT4 consumption while fasting in thyroidectomized thyroid cancer patients, we found that seven subjects fortuitously took liquid LT4 at breakfast. As established in the original protocol, serum FT4 was measured both at baseline as well as at 3 and 4 hours after solid or liquid LT4 consumption. We compared serum profile of FT4 in these subjects with those obtained in other subjects participating in the same study who took liquid LT4 (n. 7 subjects) or solid LT4 (n. 7 subjects) while fasting. The percentage increase of circulating FT4 was calculated at the above reported peak-times over the baseline values. Circulating FT4 increased of about 40% in each group of subjects at both the 3rd and the 4th hour with no difference between these two time points in either group. The maximum FT4 % increase, irrespective of the time point, was 44.62 ± 3.05 (Mean ± SE), 44.84 ± 5.43, and 43.83 ± 1.30 after fasting solid, fasting liquid, and breakfast liquid LT4 consumption, respectively, with no differences among the three groups. Circulating FT4 obtained after 3 and 4 hours from the ingestion of 200 mcg liquid LT4 is not influenced by meal and is comparable with that observed after solid LT4 preparations ingested while fasting.

Hu Huanyong: father of China's population geography.

PubMed

She, W

1998-08-01

Professor Hu Huanyong died of an illness on April 30, 1998, in Shanghai, China. The professor was a forefather of modern Chinese demography and the founder of China's population geography. He drew the "Aihui-Tengchong Line," which was known internationally as the "Hu Line," in 1934; the line marked a striking difference in the distribution of China's population. He was born in 1901, in Yixing, Jiangsu Province. He studied literature, history, and geography at Nanjing Normal School (later named the Southeast University of China); he continued his education at the University of Paris from 1926 to 1928. Upon his return to China, he began teaching at the Nanjing Central University and was later appointed dean of the Department of Geography and president of the China Geographical Association. During this time, he wrote "Distribution of China's Population," a paper in which he drew China's first population density contour chart based on the 1933 national census data by county; this produced the "Hu Line." The professor began teaching at East-China Normal University in Shanghai in 1953; in 1957, he became director of the research office of population geography (which he helped to establish), the first demographic research institution in China. In 1958, he focused on the population geography of Jiangsu Province. In 1983, the office expanded to become a population research institute; Professor Hu became its president. During the 1980s, he described a geographic division of China's population based on differences in population density, ecological environment, socioeconomic conditions, and historical development. This resulted in 8 regions: 1) the lower parts of the Yellow River region; 2) the Liaoning-Jilin-Heilongjiang region; 3) the middle and lower parts of the Yangtze River region; 4) the southeast coastal region; 5) the Shanxi-Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia region; 6) the Sichuan-Guizhou-Yunnan region; 7) the Inner Mongolia-Xinjiang region; and 8) the Qinghai-Tibet region. This provided the basis for Chinese demographic policy-making and planning.

van der Waals model for the surface tension of liquid 4He near the λ point

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tavan, Paul; Widom, B.

1983-01-01

We develop a phenomenological model of the 4He liquid-vapor interface. With it we calculate the surface tension of liquid helium near the λ point and compare with the experimental measurements by Magerlein and Sanders. The model is a form of the van der Waals surface-tension theory, extended to apply to a phase equilibrium in which the simultaneous variation of two order parameters-here the superfluid order parameter and the total density-is essential. The properties of the model are derived analytically above the λ point and numerically below it. Just below the λ point the superfluid order parameter is found to approach its bulk-superfluid-phase value very slowly with distance on the liquid side of the interface (the characteristic distance being the superfluid coherence length), and to vanish rapidly with distance on the vapor side, while the total density approaches its bulk-phase values rapidly and nearly symmetrically on the two sides. Below the λ point the surface tension has a |ɛ|32 singularity (ɛ~T-Tλ) arising from the temperature dependence of the spatially varying superfluid order parameter. This is the mean-field form of the more general |ɛ|μ singularity predicted by Sobyanin and by Hohenberg, in which μ (which is in reality close to 1.35 at the λ point of helium) is the exponent with which the interfacial tension between two critical phases vanishes. Above the λ point the surface tension in this model is analytic in ɛ. A singular term |ɛ|μ may in reality be present in the surface tension above as well as below the λ point, although there should still be a pronounced asymmetry. The variation with temperature of the model surface tension is overall much like that in experiment.

Response of Solid He-4 to External Stress: Interdigital Capacitor Solid Level Detector and Optical Interferometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fay, J.; Wada, Y.; Masutomi, R.; Elkholy, T.; Kojima, H.

2003-01-01

Two experiments are being conducted to observe the liquid/solid interface of He-4 near 1 K. Interesting instabilities are expected to occur when the solid is non-hydrostatically stressed. (1)A compact interdigital capacitor is used as a level detector to observe solid He-4 to which stresses are applied externally. The capacitor consists of 38 interlaced 50 m wide and 3.8 mm long gold films separated by 50 m and deposited onto a 5 mm by 5 mm sapphire substrate. The capacitor is placed on one flat end wall of a cylindrical chamber (xx mm diameter and xx mm long). The solid is grown to a known height and a stress is applied by a tubular PZT along the cylindrical axis. The observed small change in height of the solid at the wall is linearly proportional to the applied stress. The solid height decreases under compressive stress but does not change under tensile stress. The response of the solid on compressive stress is consistent with the expected quadratic dependence on strain. (2)Interferometric techniques are being developed for observing the solid He-4 surface profile. A laser light source is brought into the low temperature region via single mode optical fiber. The interference pattern is transmitted back out of the low temperature apparatus via optical fiber bundle. The solid He-4 growth chamber will be equipped with two PZT's such that stress can be applied from orthogonal directions. Orthogonally applied stress is expected to induce surface instability with island-like deformation on a grid pattern. Apparatus design and progress of its construction are described.

Quasiparticle breakdown in a quantum spin liquid.

PubMed

Stone, Matthew B; Zaliznyak, Igor A; Hong, Tao; Broholm, Collin L; Reich, Daniel H

2006-03-09

Much of modern condensed matter physics is understood in terms of elementary excitations, or quasiparticles--fundamental quanta of energy and momentum. Various strongly interacting atomic systems are successfully treated as a collection of quasiparticles with weak or no interactions. However, there are interesting limitations to this description: in some systems the very existence of quasiparticles cannot be taken for granted. Like unstable elementary particles, quasiparticles cannot survive beyond a threshold where certain decay channels become allowed by conservation laws; their spectrum terminates at this threshold. Such quasiparticle breakdown was first predicted for an exotic state of matter--super-fluid 4He at temperatures close to absolute zero, a quantum Bose liquid where zero-point atomic motion precludes crystallization. Here we show, using neutron scattering, that quasiparticle breakdown can also occur in a quantum magnet and, by implication, in other systems with Bose quasiparticles. We have measured spin excitations in a two-dimensional quantum magnet, piperazinium hexachlorodicuprate (PHCC), in which spin-1/2 copper ions form a non-magnetic quantum spin liquid, and find remarkable similarities with excitations in superfluid 4He. We observe a threshold momentum beyond which the quasiparticle peak merges with the two-quasiparticle continuum. It then acquires a finite energy width and becomes indistinguishable from a leading-edge singularity, so that excited states are no longer quasiparticles but occupy a wide band of energy. Our findings have important ramifications for understanding excitations with gapped spectra in many condensed matter systems, ranging from band insulators to high-transition-temperature superconductors.

Spoilage of chicken skin at 2 degrees C: electron microscopic study.

PubMed Central

Thomas, C J; McMeekin, T A

1981-01-01

Microscopic techniques were used in conjunction with normal microbiological procedures to examine the development of the spoilage microflora on the skin of chicken carcasses held at 2 degrees C. Pigmented and nonpigmented psychrotrophic pseudomonads were the major spoilage bacteria isolated at all stages of storage examined. The spoilage microflora grow within a liquid film covering the skin surface, as well as in feather follicle shafts. Penetration and disruption of skin tissue were not observed even after onset of organoleptic spoilage. Bacteria were not attached to the skin by extracellular bridging substances. These data suggest a nonspecific histological-microbiological relationship between he spoilage association and the skin substrate. Images PMID:7195190

Extreme hyponatraemia with intact neurological outcome in a young child with Addison’s disease

PubMed Central

Smith, John-Paul; Burren, Christine; Cherinet, Yonas

2011-01-01

The authors present the case of a 6-year-old boy with a good neurological outcome from extreme hyponatraemia caused by autoimmune hypoadrenalism. He presented with 1 week of reduced appetite, lethargy, vomiting and one episode of diarrhoea. He was described as being slightly unsteady on his feet. Clinically he was alert, although intermittently confused, with dry mucous membranes and sunken eyes. Serum sodium was 96 mmol/l with normal serum potassium and renal function. He was initially treated with 3% saline intravenously, and his serum sodium increased to 128 mmol/l by day 3. He developed slurred speech and ataxia on day 4, although MRI brain showed no evidence of pontine myelinosis, and the symptoms resolved over 1 week. A Synacthen test on day 10 confirmed a diagnosis of Addison’s disease and he was commenced on hydrocortisone and fludrocortisone replacement therapy. At 5 months follow-up there are no obvious neurological or developmental sequelae. PMID:22679234

Vortices in rotating superfluid 3He.

PubMed

Lounasmaa, O V; Thuneberg, E

1999-07-06

In this review we first present an introduction to 3He and to the ROTA collaboration under which most of the knowledge on vortices in superfluid 3He has been obtained. In the physics part, we start from the exceptional properties of helium at millikelvin temperatures. The dilemma of rotating superfluids is presented. In 4He and in 3He-B the problem is solved by nucleating an array of singular vortex lines. Their experimental detection in 3He by NMR is described next. The vortex cores in 3He-B have two different structures, both of which have spontaneously broken symmetry. A spin-mass vortex has been identified as well. This object is characterized by a flow of spins around the vortex line, in addition to the usual mass current. A great variety of vortices exist in the A phase of 3He; they are either singular or continuous, and their structure can be a line or a sheet or fill the whole liquid. Altogether seven different types of vortices have been detected in 3He by NMR. We also describe briefly other experimental methods that have been used by ROTA scientists in studying vortices in 3He and some important results thus obtained. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of experiments and theory of 3He to particle physics and cosmology. In particular, we report on experiments where superfluid 3He-B was heated locally by absorption of single neutrons. The resulting events can be used to test theoretical models of the Big Bang at the beginning of our universe.

Vortices in rotating superfluid 3He

PubMed Central

Lounasmaa, Olli V.; Thuneberg, Erkki

1999-01-01

In this review we first present an introduction to 3He and to the ROTA collaboration under which most of the knowledge on vortices in superfluid 3He has been obtained. In the physics part, we start from the exceptional properties of helium at millikelvin temperatures. The dilemma of rotating superfluids is presented. In 4He and in 3He-B the problem is solved by nucleating an array of singular vortex lines. Their experimental detection in 3He by NMR is described next. The vortex cores in 3He-B have two different structures, both of which have spontaneously broken symmetry. A spin-mass vortex has been identified as well. This object is characterized by a flow of spins around the vortex line, in addition to the usual mass current. A great variety of vortices exist in the A phase of 3He; they are either singular or continuous, and their structure can be a line or a sheet or fill the whole liquid. Altogether seven different types of vortices have been detected in 3He by NMR. We also describe briefly other experimental methods that have been used by ROTA scientists in studying vortices in 3He and some important results thus obtained. Finally, we discuss the possible applications of experiments and theory of 3He to particle physics and cosmology. In particular, we report on experiments where superfluid 3He-B was heated locally by absorption of single neutrons. The resulting events can be used to test theoretical models of the Big Bang at the beginning of our universe. PMID:10393895

Hypothalamic-Pituitary Axis Dysfunction in Survivors of Childhood CNS Tumors: Importance of Systematic Follow-Up and Early Endocrine Consultation.

PubMed

Chemaitilly, Wassim; Armstrong, Gregory T; Gajjar, Amar; Hudson, Melissa M

2016-12-20

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors' suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice. An 11-year-old male with a history of metastatic tectal plate low-grade glioma who was diagnosed at age 2.8 years transferred his care to the long-term follow-up clinic. He completed treatment with multiagent chemotherapy-carboplatin, vincristine, temozolomide, procarbazine, lomustine, and thioguanine-at age 4.5 years and did not require radiotherapy. At primary diagnosis, he presented with hydrocephalus that required ventriculoperitoneal shunt placement, with a subsequent shunt revision at age 6 years. Residual metastatic tumors in the third and fourth ventricles and in the suprasellar region remained stable for more than 5 years. The patient achieved normal developmental milestones and was not taking medications. He was offered screening for hypothalamic-pituitary axis (HPA) dysfunction because of his suprasellar lesion. His height was at the 25th percentile for chronological age, with decline from the 50th percentile noted during the preceding 18 months ( Fig 1 , point c). Pubertal stage was Tanner 4 for pubic hair and penile size, which contrasted with small testes (4.5 mL). Pubic hair and voice changes were noticed 2 to 3 years before this visit. Plasma testosterone level was consistent with Tanner 4 (255 ng/dL = 8.9 nmol/L). An x-ray of the left hand revealed a notably advanced bone age of 15.5 years. Plasma free T4, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and 8 am cortisol levels were normal. The patient was referred to the endocrinology clinic where he was diagnosed with growth hormone deficiency and was started on replacement therapy. He reached his final adult height of 144.1 cm at age 13.3 years ( Fig 1 , point d).

High Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysis of High Antioxidant Australian Fruits with Antiproliferative Activity Against Cancer Cells.

PubMed

Sirdaarta, Joseph; Maen, Anton; Rayan, Paran; Matthews, Ben; Cock, Ian Edwin

2016-05-01

High antioxidant capacities have been linked to the treatment and prevention of several cancers. Recent reports have identified several native Australian fruits with high antioxidant capacities. Despite this, several of these species are yet to be tested for anticancer activity. Solvent extracts prepared from high antioxidant native Australian fruits were analyzed for antioxidant capacity by the di (phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium free radical scavenging assay. Antiproliferative activities against CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cells were determined by a multicellular tumor spheroid-based cell proliferation assay. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay. Methanolic extracts of all plant species displayed high antioxidant contents (equivalent to approximately 7-16 mg of vitamin C per gram of fruit extracted). Most aqueous extracts also contained relatively high antioxidant capacities. In contrast, the ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extracts of most species (except lemon aspen and bush tomato) had lower antioxidant contents (below 1.5 mg of vitamin C equivalents per gram of plant material extracted). The antioxidant contents correlated with the ability of the extracts to inhibit proliferation of CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The high antioxidant methanolic extracts of all species were potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. The methanolic lemon aspen extract was particularly effective, with IC50 values of 480 and 769 μg/mL against HeLa and CaCo2 cells, respectively. In contrast, the lower antioxidant ethyl acetate and hexane extracts (except the lemon aspen ethyl acetate extract) generally did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation or inhibited to only a minor degree. Indeed, most of the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts induced potent cell proliferation. The native tamarind ethyl acetate extract displayed low-moderate toxicity in the A. franciscana bioassay (LC50 values below 1000 μg/mL). All other extracts were nontoxic. A total of 145 unique mass signals were detected in the lemon aspen methanolic and aqueous extracts by nonbiased high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Of these, 20 compounds were identified as being of particular interest due to their reported antioxidant and/or anticancer activities. The lack of toxicity and antiproliferative activity of the high antioxidant plant extracts against HeLa and CaCo2 cancer cell lines indicates their potential in the treatment and prevention of some cancers. Australian fruit extracts with high antioxidant contents were potent inhibitors of CaCo2 and HeLa carcinoma cell proliferationMethanolic lemon aspen extract was particularly potent, with IC50 values of 480 μg/mL (HeLa) and 769 μg/mL (CaCo2)High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time-of-flight analysis highlighted and putatively identified 20 compounds in the antiproliferative lemon aspen extractsIn contrast, lower antioxidant content extracts stimulated carcinoma cell proliferationAll extracts with antiproliferative activity were nontoxic in the Artemia nauplii assay. Abbreviations used: DPPH: di (phenyl)- (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, IC50: The concentration required to inhibit by 50%, LC50: The concentration required to achieve 50% mortality, MS: Mass spectrometry.

Mild clinical involvement in two males with a large FMR1 premutation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hagerman, R.; O`Connor, R.; Staley, L.

1994-09-01

Both male and female individuals who carry the FMR1 premutation are considered to be clinically unaffected and have been reported to have normal transcription of their FMR1 gene and normal FMR1 protein (FMRP) production. We have evaluated two males who are mildly affected clinically with features of fragile X syndrome and demonstrate a large premutation on DNA studies. The first patient is a 2 year 8 month old boy who demonstrated the fragile X chromosome in 3% of his lymphocytes on cytogenetic testing. His physical features include mildly prominent ears and hyperextensible finger joints. He has language delays along withmore » behavioral problems including tantrums and attention deficit. Developmental testing revealed a mental scale of 116 on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, which is in the normal range. DNA testing demonstrated a premutation with 161 CGG repeats. This premutation was methylated in a small percent of his cells (<2%). These findings were observed in both blood leukocytes and buccal cells. Protein studies of transformed lymphocytes from this boy showed approximately 50 to 70% of the normal level of FMRP. The second patient is a 14 year old male who was cytogenetically negative for fragile X expression. His physical exam demonstrates a long face, a high palate and macroorchidism, (testicular volume of approximately 35 ml). His overall full scale IQ on the WISC-III is 73. He has language deficits and visual spatial perceptual deficits which have caused significant learning problems in school. Behaviorally he has problems with shyness and social anxiety, although he does not have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. DNA testing revealed an FMR1 mutation of approximately 210 CGG repeats that is methylated in 4.7% of his cells.« less

Study of the high-pressure helium phase diagram using molecular dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koci, L.; Ahuja, R.; Belonoshko, A. B.; Johansson, B.

2007-01-01

The rich occurrence of helium and hydrogen in space makes their properties highly interesting. By means of molecular dynamics (MD), we have examined two interatomic potentials for 4He. Both potentials are demonstrated to reproduce high-pressure solid and liquid equation of state (EOS) data. The EOS, solid-solid transitions and melting at high pressures (P) were studied using a two-phase method. The Buckingham potential shows a good agreement with theoretical and experimental EOS, but does not reproduce experimental melting data. The Aziz potential shows a perfect match with theoretical melting data. We conclude that there is a stable body-centred-cubic (bcc) phase for 4He at temperatures (T) above 340 K and pressures above 22 GPa for the Buckingham potential, whereas no bcc phase is found for the Aziz potential in the applied PT range.

Stability of the bcc phase of 4He close to the melting curve: A molecular dynamics study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belonoshko, A. B.; Koči, L.; Rosengren, A.

2012-01-01

We have investigated whether the Aziz [J. Chem. Phys.JCPSA60021-960610.1063/1.438007 70, 4330 (1979)] model for 4He renders the body-centered cubic phase more stable than the face-centered cubic phase in the proximity of the melting curve. Using molecular dynamics, we have simulated these solid phases in equilibrium with the liquid at a number of densities. In contrast to previous free energy molecular dynamics calculations, the model stabilizes the body-centered cubic phase. The stability field is just 5∘ wide below the melting curve at pressures around 140 Kbar and about 70∘ wide at pressures around 750 Kbar. Considering that the body-centered cubic phase is dynamically unstable at low temperature, this result bears striking similarities to transition metal phase diagrams.

{sup 64}Cu levels from the {sup 62 }Ni({sup 3}He,p) reaction at 18 MeV

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Basak, A.K.; Basher, M.A.; Mondal, A.S.

1997-10-01

The ({sup 3}He,p) reaction has been studied on {sup 62}Ni using a beam of 18 MeV {sup 3}He particles. Angular distributions of the outgoing protons have been measured for 65 levels including the new levels at 2.323, 3.231, 5.043, and 7.339 MeV and the analog states at 6.821 MeV (0{sup + };4) and 8.188 MeV (2{sup +};4) in the angular range {theta}{sub lab}=5{degree}{endash}80 {degree}. Data have been analyzed in terms of the distorted-wave Born approximation (DWBA). The L transfers have been obtained, J{sup {pi}} limits have been assigned, and the normalization constant has been deduced for several low-lying states. {copyright}more » {ital 1997} {ital The American Physical Society}« less

[Clinical effect of ultrasound-guided injection of biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-Fe3O4 in situ implant for magnetic thermal ablation in treatment of nude mice with human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells].

PubMed

Liang, B; Zuo, G Q; Zheng, Y Y; He, S; Zuo, D Y

2016-12-20

Objective: To prepare the Fe 3 O 4 -loaded biodegradable liquid-solid phase inversion poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) in situ implant for ultrasound-guided injection into nude mouse tumor model, and to investigate its clinical effect in thermomagnetic treatment of nude mice with human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells in an alternating magnetic field. Methods: An in situ implant containing 10% Fe 3 O 4 was prepared, and 50 μl Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA-NMP gel was injected into the subcutaneous tissue of Kunming mice. The degradation of this material was observed for 2 consecutive months, and the changes in body weight were recorded. HE staining and Prussian blue staining were performed for the heart, liver, spleen, lung, and kidney of Kunming mice. Fresh ex vivo bovine liver was taken and cut into cubes with a dimension of 2 cm×2 cm×2 cm and then 50 μl Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA-NMP gel was injected; after phase inversion, the cubes of ex vivo bovine liver were heated for 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes, respectively, and then cut open for observing the range of ablation; HE staining was also performed. Micro-CT scan was performed after ultrasound-guided injection of 50 μl Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA gel into the tumors of the nude mice, and then the nude mice were divided into treatment group and control group. The mice in the treatment group were given thermomagnetic treatment for 3 minutes, and tumor growth was observed daily. Results: The biodegradation of Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA-NMP implant showed that the subcutaneously injected material was gradually metabolized at 2 weeks after injection and that the nude mice were in good condition. The bovine liver ablation experiment showed that the range of ablation of 50 μl Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA implant reached 1.46 ± 0.11 cm. HE staining showed that part of bovine liver had coagulative necrosis. The phase inversion experiment of Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA gel showed quick liquid-solid phase inversion of the material after injection into the tumor, and the process of liquid-solid phase inversion could be monitored by ultrasound and CT. The detachment and incrustation of the tumor started at 2 days after treatment, the wound started to heal 15 days later, and the tumor tissue disappeared completely. Conclusion: Ultrasound-guided injection of biodegradable Fe 3 O 4 -PLGA in situ implant combined with magnetic thermal ablation can effectively treat human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells in nude mice.

Cytotoxic effects of cuphiin D1 on the growth of human cervical carcinoma and normal cells.

PubMed

Wang, Ching-Chiung; Chen, Lih-Geeng; Yang, Ling-Ling

2002-01-01

Cuphiin D1 (CD1), macrocyclic hydrolyzable tannin isolated from Cuphea hyssopifolia, has been shown to exert an antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, CD1 significantly inhibited the growth of the human cervical carcinoma, i.e. HeLa, cells and showed less cytotoxicity to normal primary-cultured cervical fibroblasts. In this study, we explored the cytotoxic mechanism of CD1 on HeLa cells. The cytotoxic effects of CD1 showed dose-dependency at 3.15-100 micrograms/ml on HeLa for 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours and with an IC50 value at 14.2 micrograms/ml for 48 hours. However, the IC50 value of CD1 in primary-cultured normal cervical fibroblasts was 74.5 micrograms/ml. Therefore, the selectivity shown by CD1 is ascribed to differences in growth speeds between normal and tumor cells. HeLa cells treated with 50 micrograms/ml CD1 for 24 hours exhibited chromatin condensation, indicating the occurrence of apoptosis. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated the presence of apoptotic cells with low DNA content among HeLa cells. CD1 also caused DNA fragmentation and inhibited Bcl-2, pro-caspase 3, and inactived PARP expression in HeLa cells. These results suggest that the inhibition of Bcl-2 expression in HeLa cells might account for the mechanism of CD1-induced apoptosis.

Selection of optimum ionic liquid solvents for flavonoid and phenolic acids extraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahman, N. R. A.; Yunus, N. A.; Mustaffa, A. A.

2017-06-01

Phytochemicals are important in improving human health with their functions as antioxidants, antimicrobials and anticancer agents. However, the quality of phytochemicals extract relies on the efficiency of extraction process. Ionic liquids (ILs) have become a research phenomenal as extraction solvent due to their unique properties such as unlimited range of ILs, non-volatile, strongly solvating and may become either polarity. In phytochemical extraction, the determination of the best solvent that can extract highest yield of solute (phytochemical) is very important. Therefore, this study is conducted to determine the best IL solvent to extract flavonoids and phenolic acids through a property prediction modeling approach. ILs were selected from the imidazolium-based anion for alkyl chains ranging from ethyl > octyl and cations consisting of Br, Cl, [PF6], BF4], [H2PO4], [SO4], [CF3SO3], [TF2N] and [HSO4]. This work are divided into several stages. In Stage 1, a Microsoft Excel-based database containing available solubility parameter values of phytochemicals and ILs including its prediction models and their parameters has been established. The database also includes available solubility data of phytochemicals in IL, and activity coefficient models, for solid-liquid phase equilibrium (SLE) calculations. In Stage 2, the solubility parameter values of the flavonoids (e.g. kaempferol, quercetin and myricetin) and phenolic acids (e.g. gallic acid and caffeic acid) are determined either directly from database or predicted using Stefanis and Marrero-Gani group contribution model for the phytochemicals. A cation-anion contribution model is used for IL. In Stage 3, the amount of phytochemicals extracted can be determined by using SLE relationship involving UNIFAC-IL model. For missing parameters (UNIFAC-IL), they are regressed using available solubility data. Finally, in Stage 4, the solvent candidates are ranked and five ILs, ([OMIM] [TF2N], [HeMIM] [TF2N], [HMIM] [TF2N], [HeMIM] [CF3SO3] and [HMIM] [CF3SO3]) were identified and selected.

Stabilization of He2(A(sup 3)Sigma(sub u)(+)) molecules in liquid helium by optical pumping for vacuum UV laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zmuidzinas, J. S. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

A technique is disclosed for achieving large populations of metastable spin-aligned He2(a 3 Sigma u +) molecules in superfluid helium to obtain lasing in the vacuum ultraviolet wavelength regime around 0.0800 micron m by electronically exciting liquid (superfluid) helium with a comparatively low-current electron beam and spin aligning the metastable molecules by means of optical pumping with a modestly-powered (100mW) circularly-polarized continuous wave laser operating at, for example, 0.9096 or 0.4650 micron m. Once a high concentration of spin-aligned He2 (a 3 Sigma u +) is achieved with lifetimes of a few milliseconds, a strong microwave signal destroys the spin alignment and induces a quick collisional transition of He2 (a 3 Sigma u +) molecules to the a 1 Sigma u + state and thereby a lasing transition to the X 1 Sigma g + state.

Plate Tectonic Cycling and Whole Mantle Convection Modulate Earth's 3He/22Ne Ratio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dygert, N. J.; Jackson, C.; Hesse, M. A.; Tremblay, M. M.; Shuster, D. L.; Gu, J.

2016-12-01

3He and 22Ne are not produced in the mantle or fractionated by partial melting, and neither isotope is recycled back into the mantle by subduction of oceanic basalt or sediment. Thus, it is a surprise that large 3He/22Ne variations exist within the mantle and that the mantle has a net elevated 3He/22Ne ratio compared to volatile-rich planetary precursor materials. Depleted subcontinental lithospheric mantle and mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) mantle have distinctly higher 3He/22Ne compared to ocean island basalt (OIB) sources ( 4-12.5 vs. 2.5-4.5, respectively) [1,2]. The low 3He/22Ne of OIBs approaches chondritic ( 1) and solar nebula values ( 1.5). The high 3He/22Ne of the MORB mantle is not similar to solar sources or any known family of meteorites, requiring a mechanism for fractionating He from Ne in the mantle and suggesting isolation of distinct mantle reservoirs throughout geologic time. We model the formation of a MORB source with elevated and variable 3He/22Ne though diffusive exchange between dunite channel-hosted basaltic liquids and harzburgite wallrock beneath mid-ocean ridges. Over timescales relevant to mantle upwelling beneath spreading centers, He may diffuse tens to hundreds of meters into wallrock while Ne is relatively immobile, producing a regassed, depleted mantle lithosphere with elevated 3He/22Ne. Subduction of high 3He/22Ne mantle would generate a MORB source with high 3He/22Ne. Regassed, high 3He/22Ne mantle lithosphere has He concentrations 2-3 orders of magnitude lower than undegassed mantle. To preserve the large volumes of high 3He/22Ne mantle required by the MORB source, mixing between subducted and undegassed mantle reservoirs must have been limited throughout geologic time. Using the new 3He/22Ne constraints, we ran a model similar to [3] to quantify mantle mixing timescales, finding they are on the order of Gyr assuming physically reasonable seafloor spreading rates, and that Earth's convecting mantle has lost >99% of its primordial volatile elements. Most significantly, mantle convection is not and cannot have been layered for most of geologic time. [1] Graham (2002), RiMG 74, 247-317. [2] Jalowitzki et al. (2016), EPSL 450, 263-273. [3] Gonnermann & Mukhopadhyay (2009), Nature, 560-563.

Towards a Computational Theory of Definite Anaphora Comprehension in English Discourse.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-06-01

know what flowers are near others might behave differently. But even special audiences nust sometimes use general techniques. Such is the case in the...2 (The) one is a poodle; 3 the other is a cocker spaniel. 4 The poodle has some weird habits. 5 He eats plastic flowers and likes to sleep in a...paper bag. 6 It’s a real problem keeping him away from plastic flowers . 7 The cocker is pretty normal, 8 and he’s a good watch (log. ( I like having themi

A phthalide derivative isolated from endophytic fungi Pestalotiopsis photiniae induces G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human HeLa cells

PubMed Central

Chen, C.; Yang, R.L.

2013-01-01

MP [4-(3′,3′-dimethylallyloxy)-5-methyl-6-methoxyphthalide] was obtained from liquid culture of Pestalotiopsis photiniae isolated from the Chinese Podocarpaceae plant Podocarpus macrophyllus. MP significantly inhibited the proliferation of HeLa tumor cell lines. After treatment with MP, characteristic apoptotic features such as DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation were observed in DAPI-stained HeLa cells. Flow cytometry showed that MP induced G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Western blotting and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate protein and mRNA expression. MP caused significant cell cycle arrest by upregulating the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27KIP1 protein and p21CIP1 mRNA levels in HeLa cells. The expression of p73 protein was increased after treatment with various MP concentrations. mRNA expression of the cell cycle-related genes, p21CIP1, p16INK4a and Gadd45α, was significantly upregulated and mRNA levels demonstrated significantly increased translation of p73, JunB, FKHR, and Bim. The results indicate that MP may be a potential treatment for cervical cancer. PMID:23903687

[A sporadic case of episodic ataxia with nystagmus (EA-2)].

PubMed

Namekawa, M; Takiyama, Y; Ueno, N; Nishizawa, M

1998-05-01

A 39-year-old man with episodic ataxia with nystagmus (EA-2) was reported. He showed intermittent cerebellar dysfunction, i.e., ataxia, nystagmus, dysarthria and vertigo, since he was 10 years old. Although this attack lasted for several hours, he was normal with exception of interictal nystagmus. His parents and sister showed no episodic ataxia. We ruled out the diseases, which may cause episodic ataxia, such as multiple sclerosis, vascular disorders, metabolic disorders and congenital anomalies. He was released from the attack by treatment with acetazolamide. EA-2 has been associated with mutations in the alpha 1A-voltage dependent calcium channel gene (CACNL1A4), which is also affected in familial hemiplegic migraine (FMH) and spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6). In EA-2, frame-shift mutation leading to premature stop and splice-site mutation leading to truncated, non-functional channel protein have been reported. However, our patient did not have the mutations in the CACNL1A4 gene that were previously reported. In addition, our patient did not have an expanded CAG allele in the CACNL1A4 gene which is responsible for SCA6. Further examination is required to address whether a new mutation exists in the CACNL1A4 gene in our patient.

Ionic Liquids: Syrupy Solvents Promise New Efficient Ways to Generate, Store, and Use Energy

ScienceCinema

Wishart, James F.

2018-01-16

Many chemists want to speed things up — faster reactions can produce higher yields. But BNL chemist James Wishart would rather slow some reactions down. He studies syrupy materials known as ionic liquids, liquids composed entirely of positive and negative ions.

Global longitudinal strain in patients with suspected heart failure and a normal ejection fraction: does it improve diagnosis and risk stratification?

PubMed

Pellicori, Pierpaolo; Kallvikbacka-Bennett, Anna; Khaleva, Olga; Carubelli, Valentina; Costanzo, Pierluigi; Castiello, Teresa; Wong, Kenneth; Zhang, Jufen; Cleland, John G F; Clark, Andrew L

2014-01-01

Many patients have clinical, structural or bio-marker evidence of heart failure (HF) but a normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; HeFNEF). Measurement of global longitudinal strain (GLS) may add diagnostic and prognostic information. Patients with symptoms suggesting heart failure and LVEF ≥50% were studied: 76 had no substantial cardiac dysfunction (left atrial diameter (LAD) <40 mm and amino-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NTproBNP) <400 ng/l); 99 had "possible HeFNEF" (LAD ≥40 mm or NTproBNP ≥400 ng/l); and 138 had "definite HeFNEF" (LAD ≥40 mm and NTproBNP ≥400 ng/L). Mean LVEF was 58% in each subgroup. Patients with definite HeFNEF were older, more likely to have atrial fibrillation, had more symptoms and signs of fluid retention, were more likely to have right ventricular dysfunction and had higher pulmonary pressures than other groups. Mean GLS (SD) was less negative in patients with definite HeFNEF (-13.6 (3.0)% vs. possible HeFNEF: -15.2 (3.1)% vs. no substantial cardiac dysfunction: -15.9 (2.4)%; p < 0.001). GLS was -19.1 (2.1)% in 20 controls. During a median follow up of 647 days, cardiovascular death or an unplanned hospitalisation for heart failure occurred in 62 patients. In univariable analysis, GLS but not LVEF predicted events. However, in a multi-variable analysis, only urea, NTproBNP, left atrial volume, inferior vena cava diameter and atrial fibrillation independently predicted adverse outcome. GLS is abnormal in patients who have other evidence of HeFNEF, is associated with a worse prognosis in this population but is not a powerful independent predictor of outcome.

California GAMA Special Study. Development of a Capability for the Analysis of Krypton-85 in Groundwater Samples

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Visser, Ate; Bibby, Richard K.; Moran, Jean E.

A capability for the analysis of krypton-85 ( 85Kr) in groundwater samples was developed at LLNL. Samples are collected by extracting gas from 2000-4000 L of groundwater at the well, yielding approximately 0.2 cm 3 STP krypton. Sample collection takes 1 to 4 hours. Krypton is purified in the laboratory using a combination of molecular sieve and activated charcoal traps, and transferred to a liquid scintillation vial. The 85Kr activity is measured by liquid scintillation on a Quantulus 1220 liquid scintillation counter from PerkinElmer. The detection limit for a typical 0.2 cm 3Kr sample size is 11% of the presentmore » day activity in air, corresponding to the decay corrected activity in air in 1987. The typical measurement uncertainty is below 10% for recently recharged samples. Six groundwater samples were collected, purified and counted. 85Kr was not detected in any of the samples counted at LLNL. 85Kr was detected by the low level counting laboratory of Bern University in all samples between 1.5 and 6.6 decays per minute per cm 3 krypton, corresponding to decay corrected activities in air between 1971 and 1985. The new capability is an excellent complement to tritium-helium, expanding the existing suite of age dating tools available to the GAMA program ( 35S, 3H/ 3He, 14C and radiogenic helium). 85Kr can replace 3H/ 3He in settings where 3H/ 3He ages are impossible to determine (for example where terrigenic helium overwhelms tritiogenic helium) and provides additional insight into travel time distributions in complex mixed groundwater systems.« less

Poster - Thur Eve - 16: Four-dimensional x-ray computed tomography and hyperpolarized 3 He magnetic resonance imaging of gas distribution in lung cancer.

PubMed

Mathew, L; Castillo, R; Castillo, E; Yaremko, B; Rodrigues, G; Etemad-Rezai, R; Guerrero, T; Parraga, G

2012-07-01

Dynamic imaging methods such as four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and static imaging methods such as noble gas magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) deliver direct and regional measurements of lung function even in lung cancer patients in whom global lung function measurements are dominated by tumour burden. The purpose of this study was to directly compare quantitative measurements of gas distribution from static hyperpolarized 3 He MRI and dynamic 4DCT in a small group of lung cancer patients. MRI and 4DCT were performed in 11 subjects prior to radiation therapy. MRI was performed at 3.0T in breath-hold after inhalation 1L of hyperpolarized 3 He gas. Gas distribution in 3 He MRI was quantified using a semi-automated segmentation algorithm to generate percent-ventilated volume (PVV), reflecting the volume of gas in the lung normalized to the thoracic cavity volume. 4DCT pulmonary function maps were generated using deformable image registration of six expiratory phase images. The correspondence between identical tissue elements at inspiratory and expiratory phases was used to estimate regional gas distribution and PVV was quantified from these images. After accounting for differences in lung volumes between 3 He MRI (1.9±0.5L ipsilateral, 2.3±0.7 contralateral) and 4DCT (1.2±0.3L ipsilateral, 1.3±0.4L contralateral) during image acquisition, there was no statistically significant difference in PVV between 3 He MRI (72±11% ipsilateral, 79±12% contralateral) and 4DCT (74±3% ipsilateral, 75±4% contralateral). Our results indicate quantitative agreement in the regional distribution of inhaled gas in both static and dynamic imaging methods. PVV may be considered as a regional surrogate measurement of lung function or ventilation. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

Nikolay Kirov Nikolov

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrov, Minko; Reynolds, Steve

2014-12-01

Professor Nikolay Kirov Nikolov graduated in Chemistry from Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', Bulgaria, in 1968. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1973, D.Sc. in 1988 and was appointed to the position of Professor of Physics in the Institute of Solid State Physics (ISSP), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), in 1989. Prof. Kirov rose to become an international authority in the area of molecular spectroscopy, and in particular in the vibrational spectroscopy of thermotropic liquid crystals. Prof. Kirov was a scientist of high reputation both in Bulgaria and globally. His scientific papers, numbering some 150, focus on the physics of liquid crystals. His systematic investigations of the vibrational spectroscopy of a wide class of thermotropic liquid crystals were collected in the monograph Vibrational spectroscopy of liquid crystals (1984), in which the molecular structure and properties of various liquid crystals, vibrational assignments, orientational order parameters and their calculation by molecular dynamics are presented. A range of liquid crystal materials was categorised and reported in his second book Atlas of vibrational spectra of liquid crystals (1988). Both publications remain a valuable source of information for specialists in the field of molecular spectroscopy. The outstanding contributions and growing reputation of Prof. Kirov led to periods as Visiting Scientist in the Universities of Parma, Calabria and Wroclaw. His abilities as a scientific organizer and leader were also notable, and led to a long and distinguished period of service in the Institute of Solid State Physics, being first appointed in 1980 as Scientific Secretary, and subsequently as Head of the Laboratory of Optics and Spectroscopy (1990-1998) and Director of the Institute (1991-1999). He was Chairman of the Scientific Council of ISSP over this period, and a member of the Specialized Scientific Council on Condensed Matter Physics. Prof. Kirov was a member of the High Testimonial Committee of the Republic of Bulgaria during 1996. Nikolay Kirov was a key figure in the organization, promotion and success of the International School on Condensed Matter Physics (ISCMP), where he was able to use his network of international contacts to excellent effect. He served as Scientific Secretary (1988-1990), Chairman and Editor of the ISCMP Proceedings (1992-1998), and as Chairman Emeritus (2002-2012). Prof. Kirov is an Honorary Member of the Institute of Solid State Physics. He received the Honorary Diploma 'Nicola Obreshkov' in 1986 and the "Marin Drinov" Sign of Honour BAS (on a ribbon) in 1998, for achievements in the physical and mathematical sciences. He was also honoured outside his native Bulgaria, receiving a Gold Medal from Wroclaw University, Poland, in recognition of successful scientific collaborations in the area of molecular structure.

Urey, Harold Clayton (1893-1981)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

Chemist, born in Walkerton, Indiana, Nobel prizewinner for Chemistry in 1934 `for his discovery of heavy hydrogen'. It was at Columbia University that he isolated the isotope deuterium by distilling liquid hydrogen; in the Second World War, he directed the effort to separate uranium-235 from uranium-238 for the atomic bomb. At the University of Chicago, he worked on the origin of the elements, th...

Anticancer activity of synthetic bis(indolyl)methane-ortho-biaryls against human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells.

PubMed

Jamsheena, Vellekkatt; Shilpa, Ganesan; Saranya, Jayaram; Harry, Nissy Ann; Lankalapalli, Ravi Shankar; Priya, Sulochana

2016-03-05

Bis(indolyl)methane appended biaryls were designed, synthesized and evaluated in human cervical cancer cell lines (HeLa) for their anticancer activities and compared against normal rat cardiac myoblasts (H9C2) cells. Compounds 1-12 were synthesized, with variations in one of the phenyl unit, in a single step by condensation of biaryl-2-carbaldehydes with indole in the presence of para-toluenesulfonic acid. Compound 1 exhibited a GI50 value of 11.00 ± 0.707 μM and the derivatives, compounds 4 and 11 showed a GI50 value of 8.33 ± 0.416 μM and 9.13 ± 0.177 μM respectively in HeLa cells and was found to be non-toxic to H9C2 cells up to 20 μM. Furthermore, compounds 1, 4 and 11 induced caspase dependent cellular apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited the cell migration and downregulated the production of MMP-2 and MMP-9 in HeLa cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A 4-year-old boy presenting with persistent urinary incontinence: Questions.

PubMed

Keenswijk, Werner; Walle, Johan Vande

2017-05-01

A 4-year-old boy was referred to the nephrologist with daytime urinary incontinence and suspicion of an overactive bladder. At the age of 17 months he had been referred to the pediatric endocrinologist because of polyuria and polydipsia in order to exclude diabetes insipidus. Repeated water deprivation tests and a magnetic resonance imaging scan of the brain were normal. Diabetes insipidus was excluded, and primary polydipsia was thought to be most likely since diabetes mellitus also had been excluded. At the current presentation, he drank up to 3 L a day and quite often had wet diapers. He also seemed to pass stools infrequently and with difficulty. Curiously his grandmother had similar symptoms of polyuria and polydipsia since childhood and had been diagnosed with primary polydipsia. The physical examination of our pediatric patient was normal. In the differential diagnosis we included diabetes insipidus but also contemplated other possibilities, such as nephronophthisis, tubulopathies and hypercalciuria. Laboratory results including urinalysis and an ultrasound of the kidney did not show any abnormalities, making a tubulopathy or hypercalciuria unlikely. A desmopressin test by the intravenous route came back completely normal, pointing to another cause than diabetes insipidus. Genetic testing for the nephronophthisis came back negative but was positive for a missense mutation in the AVPR2 gene (p.Arg104Cys) associated with partial nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. He was started on daily desmopressin. Within 3 days the urinary incontinence resolved as did the polyuria and faecal incontinence. His grandmother was referred to the geneticist and eventually the adult nephrologist. This case highlights the importance of being thorough when confronted with a difficult diagnosis. It also emphasizes that a test result does not necessarily equate to the presence or absence of a condition since the test with 100 % sensitivity and specificity has yet to be discovered.

Electroacupuncture for patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome or functional diarrhea: A randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Zheng, Hui; Li, Ying; Zhang, Wei; Zeng, Fang; Zhou, Si-Yuan; Zheng, Hua-Bin; Zhu, Wen-Zeng; Jing, Xiang-Hong; Rong, Pei-Jing; Tang, Chun-Zhi; Wang, Fu-Chun; Liu, Zhi-Bin; Wang, Shi-Jun; Zhou, Mei-Qi; Liu, Zhi-Shun; Zhu, Bing

2016-06-01

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) and functional diarrhea (FD) are highly prevalent, and the effectiveness of acupuncture for managing IBS-D and FD is still unknown.The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of electroacupuncture with loperamide.It was a prospective, randomized, parallel group controlled trial.A total of 448 participants were randomly assigned to He electroacupuncture group (n = 113), Shu-Mu electroacupuncture group (n = 111), He-Shu-Mu electroacupuncture group (n = 112), or loperamide group (n = 112). Participants in the 3 acupuncture groups received 16 sessions of electroacupuncture during a 4-week treatment phase, whereas participants in the loperamide group received oral loperamide 2 mg thrice daily. The primary outcome was the change from baseline in stool frequency at the end of the 4-weeks treatment. The secondary outcomes were the Bristol scale, the MOS 36-item short form health survey (SF-36), the weekly average number of days with normal defecations and the proportion of adverse events.Stool frequency was significantly reduced at the end of the 4-week treatment in the 4 groups (mean change from baseline, 5.35 times/week). No significant difference was found between the 3 electroacupuncture groups and the loperamide group in the primary outcome (He vs. loperamide group [mean difference 0.6, 95% CI, -1.2 to 2.4]; Shu-Mu vs. loperamide group [0.4, 95% CI, -1.4 to 2.3]; He-Shu-Mu vs. loperamide group [0.0, 95% CI, -1.8 to 1.8]). Both electroacupuncture and loperamide significantly improved the mean score of Bristol scale and increased the weekly average number of days with normal defecations and the mean scores of SF-36; they were equivalent in these outcomes. However, the participants in electroacupuncture groups did not report fewer adverse events than those in the loperamide group. Similar results were found in a subgroup analysis of separating patients with IBS-D and FD patients.Electroacupuncture is equivalent to loperamide for reducing stool frequency in IBS-D and FD patients. Further studies on cost effectiveness of acupuncture are warranted.

Optical spectroscopy shows that the normal state of URu2Si2 is an anomalous Fermi liquid.

PubMed

Nagel, Urmas; Uleksin, Taaniel; Rõõm, Toomas; Lobo, Ricardo P S M; Lejay, Pascal; Homes, Christopher C; Hall, Jesse S; Kinross, Alison W; Purdy, Sarah K; Munsie, Tim; Williams, Travis J; Luke, Graeme M; Timusk, Thomas

2012-11-20

Fermi showed that, as a result of their quantum nature, electrons form a gas of particles whose temperature and density follow the so-called Fermi distribution. As shown by Landau, in a metal the electrons continue to act like free quantum mechanical particles with enhanced masses, despite their strong Coulomb interaction with each other and the positive background ions. This state of matter, the Landau-Fermi liquid, is recognized experimentally by an electrical resistivity that is proportional to the square of the absolute temperature plus a term proportional to the square of the frequency of the applied field. Calculations show that, if electron-electron scattering dominates the resistivity in a Landau-Fermi liquid, the ratio of the two terms, b, has the universal value of b = 4. We find that in the normal state of the heavy Fermion metal URu(2)Si(2), instead of the Fermi liquid value of 4, the coefficient b = 1 ± 0.1. This unexpected result implies that the electrons in this material are experiencing a unique scattering process. This scattering is intrinsic and we suggest that the uranium f electrons do not hybridize to form a coherent Fermi liquid but instead act like a dense array of elastic impurities, interacting incoherently with the charge carriers. This behavior is not restricted to URu(2)Si(2). Fermi liquid-like states with b ≠ 4 have been observed in a number of disparate systems, but the significance of this result has not been recognized.

Optical spectroscopy shows that the normal state of URu2Si2 is an anomalous Fermi liquid

PubMed Central

Nagel, Urmas; Uleksin, Taaniel; Rõõm, Toomas; Lobo, Ricardo P. S. M.; Lejay, Pascal; Homes, Christopher C.; Hall, Jesse S.; Kinross, Alison W.; Purdy, Sarah K.; Munsie, Tim; Williams, Travis J.; Luke, Graeme M.; Timusk, Thomas

2012-01-01

Fermi showed that, as a result of their quantum nature, electrons form a gas of particles whose temperature and density follow the so-called Fermi distribution. As shown by Landau, in a metal the electrons continue to act like free quantum mechanical particles with enhanced masses, despite their strong Coulomb interaction with each other and the positive background ions. This state of matter, the Landau–Fermi liquid, is recognized experimentally by an electrical resistivity that is proportional to the square of the absolute temperature plus a term proportional to the square of the frequency of the applied field. Calculations show that, if electron-electron scattering dominates the resistivity in a Landau–Fermi liquid, the ratio of the two terms, b, has the universal value of b = 4. We find that in the normal state of the heavy Fermion metal URu2Si2, instead of the Fermi liquid value of 4, the coefficient b = 1 ± 0.1. This unexpected result implies that the electrons in this material are experiencing a unique scattering process. This scattering is intrinsic and we suggest that the uranium f electrons do not hybridize to form a coherent Fermi liquid but instead act like a dense array of elastic impurities, interacting incoherently with the charge carriers. This behavior is not restricted to URu2Si2. Fermi liquid-like states with b ≠ 4 have been observed in a number of disparate systems, but the significance of this result has not been recognized. PMID:23115333

Dislocation Structure and Mobility in hcp He 4

DOE PAGES

Landinez Borda, Edgar Josue; Cai, Wei; de Koning, Maurice

2016-07-20

We assess the core structure and mobility of the screw and edge basal-plane dislocations in hcp 4He using path-integral Monte Carlo simulations. Our findings provide key insights into recent interpretations of giant plasticity and mass flow junction experiments. First, both dislocations are dissociated into nonsuperfluid Shockley partial dislocations separated by ribbons of stacking fault, suggesting that they are unlikely to act as one-dimensional channels that may display Lüttinger-liquid-like behavior. Second, the centroid positions of the partial cores are found to fluctuate substantially, even in the absence of applied shear stresses. This implies that the lattice resistance to motion of themore » partial dislocations is negligible, consistent with the recent experimental observations of giant plasticity. Our results indicate that both the structure of the partial cores and the zero-point fluctuations play a role in this extreme mobility.« less

Super-Maxwellian helium evaporation from pure and salty water

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hahn, Christine; Kann, Zachary R.; Faust, Jennifer A.

2016-01-28

Helium atoms evaporate from pure water and salty solutions in super-Maxwellian speed distributions, as observed experimentally and modeled theoretically. The experiments are performed by monitoring the velocities of dissolved He atoms that evaporate from microjets of pure water at 252 K and 4–8.5 molal LiCl and LiBr at 232–252 K. The average He atom energies exceed the flux-weighted Maxwell-Boltzmann average of 2RT by 30% for pure water and 70% for 8.5m LiBr. Classical molecular dynamics simulations closely reproduce the observed speed distributions and provide microscopic insight into the forces that eject the He atoms from solution. Comparisons of the densitymore » profile and He kinetic energies across the water-vacuum interface indicate that the He atoms are accelerated by He–water collisions within the top 1-2 layers of the liquid. We also find that the average He atom kinetic energy scales with the free energy of solvation of this sparingly soluble gas. This free-energy difference reflects the steeply decreasing potential of mean force on the He atoms in the interfacial region, whose gradient is the repulsive force that tends to expel the atoms. The accompanying sharp decrease in water density suppresses the He–water collisions that would otherwise maintain a Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, allowing the He atom to escape at high energies. Helium is especially affected by this reduction in collisions because its weak interactions make energy transfer inefficient.« less

He-Ne Laser Acupuncture: Treatment Of Rhinopharyngeal Infection.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dussert, Dr.

1984-03-01

Ladies and gentlemen, 23 months ago I treated the following emergency cases in my surgery : 1) A man of 53 suffering from dyspnoea (clinically speaking he was a case of exniratory bradypnoea). He had just been hospitalised for a month and had been undergoing cortisone treatment. I made him sit, and b/ irradiating each of the stellar ganglions for six minutes by laser at an impulse wave length of 6 in low frequency I freed up this patient, who started to breathe normally. 2) Some time after this : A child of 7 came to see me. He was suffering from an attack of asthma. I passed each of the stellar ganglions under the laser at impulse wave length 6 in low frequency for 4 minutes. The child witnes ed his attack calming down. In view of these two cases I decided to organise a research project.

A cryogenic target for Compton scattering experiments at HIγS

DOE PAGES

Kendellen, D. P.; Ahmed, M. W.; Baird, E.; ...

2016-10-06

We have developed a cryogenic target for use at the High Intensity γ-ray Source (HIγS). The target system is able to liquefy 4He at 4 K, hydrogen at 20 K, and deuterium at 23 K to fill a 0.3 L Kapton cell. Liquid temperatures and condenser pressures are recorded throughout each run in order to ensure that the target's areal density is known to ~1%. The target is being utilized in a series of experiments which probe the electromagnetic polarizabilities of the nucleon.

Finite-Size Effects on the Behavior of the Susceptibility in van der Waals Films Bounded by Strongly Absorbing Substrates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dantchev, Daniel; Rudnick, Joseph; Barmatz, M.

2007-01-01

We study critical point finite-size effects in the case of the susceptibility of a film in which interactions are characterized by a van der Waals-type power law tail. The geometry is appropriate to a slab-like system with two bounding surfaces. Boundary conditions are consistent with surfaces that both prefer the same phase in the low temperature, or broken symmetry, state. We take into account both interactions within the system and interactions between the constituents of the system and the material surrounding it. Specific predictions are made with respect to the behavior of 3He and 4He films in the vicinity of their respective liquid-vapor critical points.

High Performance Liquid Chromatography-mass Spectrometry Analysis of High Antioxidant Australian Fruits with Antiproliferative Activity Against Cancer Cells

PubMed Central

Sirdaarta, Joseph; Maen, Anton; Rayan, Paran; Matthews, Ben; Cock, Ian Edwin

2016-01-01

Background: High antioxidant capacities have been linked to the treatment and prevention of several cancers. Recent reports have identified several native Australian fruits with high antioxidant capacities. Despite this, several of these species are yet to be tested for anticancer activity. Materials and Methods: Solvent extracts prepared from high antioxidant native Australian fruits were analyzed for antioxidant capacity by the di (phenyl)-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium free radical scavenging assay. Antiproliferative activities against CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cells were determined by a multicellular tumor spheroid-based cell proliferation assay. Toxicity was determined by Artemia franciscana bioassay. Results: Methanolic extracts of all plant species displayed high antioxidant contents (equivalent to approximately 7–16 mg of vitamin C per gram of fruit extracted). Most aqueous extracts also contained relatively high antioxidant capacities. In contrast, the ethyl acetate, chloroform, and hexane extracts of most species (except lemon aspen and bush tomato) had lower antioxidant contents (below 1.5 mg of vitamin C equivalents per gram of plant material extracted). The antioxidant contents correlated with the ability of the extracts to inhibit proliferation of CaCo2 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The high antioxidant methanolic extracts of all species were potent inhibitors of cell proliferation. The methanolic lemon aspen extract was particularly effective, with IC50 values of 480 and 769 μg/mL against HeLa and CaCo2 cells, respectively. In contrast, the lower antioxidant ethyl acetate and hexane extracts (except the lemon aspen ethyl acetate extract) generally did not inhibit cancer cell proliferation or inhibited to only a minor degree. Indeed, most of the ethyl acetate and hexane extracts induced potent cell proliferation. The native tamarind ethyl acetate extract displayed low-moderate toxicity in the A. franciscana bioassay (LC50 values below 1000 μg/mL). All other extracts were nontoxic. A total of 145 unique mass signals were detected in the lemon aspen methanolic and aqueous extracts by nonbiased high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. Of these, 20 compounds were identified as being of particular interest due to their reported antioxidant and/or anticancer activities. Conclusions: The lack of toxicity and antiproliferative activity of the high antioxidant plant extracts against HeLa and CaCo2 cancer cell lines indicates their potential in the treatment and prevention of some cancers. SUMMARY Australian fruit extracts with high antioxidant contents were potent inhibitors of CaCo2 and HeLa carcinoma cell proliferationMethanolic lemon aspen extract was particularly potent, with IC50 values of 480 μg/mL (HeLa) and 769 μg/mL (CaCo2)High-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-quadrupole time-of-flight analysis highlighted and putatively identified 20 compounds in the antiproliferative lemon aspen extractsIn contrast, lower antioxidant content extracts stimulated carcinoma cell proliferationAll extracts with antiproliferative activity were nontoxic in the Artemia nauplii assay. Abbreviations used: DPPH: di (phenyl)- (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) iminoazanium, HPLC: High-performance liquid chromatography, IC50: The concentration required to inhibit by 50%, LC50: The concentration required to achieve 50% mortality, MS: Mass spectrometry. PMID:27279705

Novel Coupled Thermochronometric and Geochemical Investigation of Blind Geothermal Resources in Fault-Controlled Dilational Corners

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stockli, Daniel

Geothermal plays in extensional and transtensional tectonic environments have long been a major target in the exploration of geothermal resources and the Dixie Valley area has served as a classic natural laboratory for this type of geothermal plays. In recent years, the interactions between normal faults and strike-slip faults, acting either as strain relay zones have attracted significant interest in geothermal exploration as they commonly result in fault-controlled dilational corners with enhanced fracture permeability and thus have the potential to host blind geothermal prospects. Structural ambiguity, complications in fault linkage, etc. often make the selection for geothermal exploration drilling targetsmore » complicated and risky. Though simplistic, the three main ingredients of a viable utility-grade geothermal resource are heat, fluids, and permeability. Our new geological mapping and fault kinematic analysis derived a structural model suggest a two-stage structural evolution with (a) middle Miocene N -S trending normal faults (faults cutting across the modern range), - and tiling Olio-Miocene volcanic and sedimentary sequences (similar in style to East Range and S Stillwater Range). NE-trending range-front normal faulting initiated during the Pliocene and are both truncating N-S trending normal faults and reactivating some former normal faults in a right-lateral fashion. Thus the two main fundamental differences to previous structural models are (1) N-S trending faults are pre-existing middle Miocene normal faults and (2) these faults are reactivated in a right-later fashion (NOT left-lateral) and kinematically linked to the younger NE-trending range-bounding normal faults (Pliocene in age). More importantly, this study provides the first constraints on transient fluid flow through the novel application of apatite (U-Th)/He (AHe) and 4He/ 3He thermochronometry in the geothermally active Dixie Valley area in Nevada.« less

Structure Formation in Complex Plasma

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-24

Dewer bottle (upper figures) or in the vapor of liquid helium (lower figures). Liq. He Ring electrode Particles Green Laser RF Plasma ... Ring electrode CCD camera Prism mirror Liq. He Glass Tube Liq. N2 Glass Dewar Acrylic particles Gas Helium Green Laser CCD camera Pressure

Generation of EMIC Waves Observed by Van Allen Probes at Low L-shells of Earth's Magnetosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gamayunov, K. V.; Zhang, J.; Saikin, A.; Rassoul, H.

2017-12-01

In a multi-ion magnetospheric plasma, where the major species are H+, He+, and O+, the He-band of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves is the dominant band observed in the inner magnetosphere, and waves are generally quasi-field-aligned inside the geostationary orbit. Almost all the satellite-based studies of EMIC waves before Van Allen Probes, however, have not reported waves below L 3.5. There is probably only one exception from the Akebono satellite where both the H-band and He-band EMIC waves were observed at L 2. The situation has changed dramatically after two Van Allen Probes spacecraft were launched on 30 August, 2012, and many EMIC wave events have been observed below L=4. The Van Allen Probes observations confirm that the He-band of EMIC waves is a dominant band in the inner magnetosphere, but the observation of the He-band waves below L=4 is a new and quite unexpected result compared to our knowledge about EMIC waves before the Van Allen Probes era. In addition, observations show that almost all the He-band EMIC waves are linearly polarized in the region L < 4. This result is also new and unexpected. Here we will present an observational test of the generation mechanism for the He-band EMIC waves observed by Van Allen Probes at L 2.8 on 18 March, 2013. All the plasma parameters, DC magnetic field, and energetic ion distribution functions will be taken from the Van Allen Probes observations during the EMIC wave event to calculate growth rates of EMIC waves. We will then identify the energetic ions responsible for instability, frequencies and normals generated, and physical mechanism of instability.

Anisotropic strong-coupling effects on superfluid 3He in aerogels: Conventional spin-fluctuation approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ikeda, Ryusuke

2015-05-01

Motivated by recent experiments on liquid 3He reporting emergence of novel superfluid phases in globally anisotropic aerogels, our previous theory on superfluid 3He in globally anisotropic aerogels is extended to incorporate the effects of anisotropy of the quasiparticle scattering cross section on the strong-coupling (SC) contributions to the Ginzburg-Landau (GL) free energy on the basis of the spin-fluctuation (paramagnon) approach to the SC contributions developed by Brinkman et al. [Phys. Rev. A 10, 2386 (1974), 10.1103/PhysRevA.10.2386]. In the globally isotropic case, impurity effects on the SC correction destabilize the A phase even at higher pressures of about 30 bar and make the B phase the only state in equilibrium, while SC contributions accompanied by a global stretched anisotropy to the GL quartic terms generally tend to broaden the stability region of the A phase compared with that of the B phase. In particular, in contrast to the cases in bulk and in the isotropic aerogel, the SC corrections to the GL quadratic terms are not negligible in the globally anisotropic case but may change the sign of the apparent anisotropy depending on the magnitude of the frequency cutoff of the normal paramagnon propagator. Based on this sign change of the apparent anisotropy, we discuss different strange observations on superfluid 3He in porous media such as the disappearance of the polar superfluid phase at higher pressures seen in nematically ordered aerogels and the absence of B and A phases with planar l ̂ vector in a stretched aerogel.

Helium and carbon isotope systematics of Rungwe geothermal gases and fluids; southern Tanzania

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barry, P. H.

2009-12-01

P. H. BARRY1*, D. R. HILTON1, T. P. FISCHER2, J. M. DE MOOR2, F. MANGASINI3 C. RAMIREZ4 1 Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, La Jolla, California 92093-0244, USA (*Correspondence: pbarry@ucsd.edu) 2 Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, MSC 03 2040, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA. 3 Department of Mining and Mineral Processing Engineering, University of Dar Es Salaam, PO Box 35131, Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania. 4 Centro de Investigaciones en Ciencias Geologicas, Escuela Centroamericana de Geologia, Universidad de Costa Rica. The East African Rift (EAR) is the largest modern example of continental rifting, extending from the Afar depression in the north to the Rungwe region in southern Tanzania. EAR volcanism is attributed to the presence of one or more mantle plumes [1]. Late Miocene to recent volcanism and geothermal activity mark the Rungwe region [2], with mafic eruptions as recently as 200 years ago. Our aim is to delineate the southern geographical extent of plume influence on the propagating EAR by investigating the He-CO2 characteristics of geothermal fluids in the Rungwe region. We report new helium (He) and carbon (C) isotopes (3He/4He, δ13C) and relative abundance (CO2/3He) characteristics for a suite of 20 geothermal gas and fluid samples from 11 different localities in the Rungwe region. He-isotopes are in good agreement with previous reports [3], and range from ~1 RA to ~7 RA (MORB-like values), indicating admixture between upper mantle He and variable proportions of radiogenic He. C-isotopes ranges from -2.8 to -6.5 ‰ (vs. PDB) with all falling in the MORB range (~4.5 ± 2‰). CO2/3He ratios vary over 5 orders of magnitude from ~3 x 10^9 (MORB-like) to higher values (up to ~3 x 10^13) normally associated with crustal lithologies. Taken together, the He-CO2 data can be explained by 2-component mixing of a deep-seated mantle source with crustal component(s). There are no observed latitudinal isotopic trends in He-CO2. However, the two localities with MORB-like 3He/4He ratios ~6 to 7 RA, δ13C ~ -4 to -5 ‰ and CO2/3He ~ 4 x10^9 are both cold temperature (~ 15°C) CO2 gas vents. The MORB-like characteristics of these cold vents are comparable to MORB-like values observed at Oldoinyo Lengai in northern Tanzania [4], suggesting that both Rungwe region and Oldoinyo Lengai may derive their volatile compositions from a homogeneous (MORB-like) mantle source common to the entire segment of the southern EAR. [1] Furman (2007) Journal of African Earth Sciences 48, 147-160. [2] Ebinger et al. (1989) Journal of Geophysical Research 94, 15,785-15,803. [3] Pik et al. (2006) Chemical Geology 226, 100-114. [4] Fisher et al. (2009) Nature 459, 77-80.

Inhalation of the propeller from a spinhaler.

PubMed

Polosa, R; Finnerty, J P

1991-02-01

A 39 yr old man with a 5 yr history of asthma opened his spinhaler to inspect it. He sucked at the capsule to see if its contents were damp. The capsule and propeller came off the spindle, and he aspirated them. He attended a casualty department. The chest radiogram was normal. Over the next three months he developed dypnoea and pain in his chest. He also noticed a whistling noise from his chest, more marked when he lay on his right side. On renewed examination, expiration was prolonged over the right side of the chest, and an occasional whistling wheeze could be heard on that side. A renewed chest radiogram was normal. By means of rigid bronchoscopy, the spindle was removed from its lodged position in the right intermediary bronchus just beyond the orifice to the right upper lobe.

46,XY/47,XYY/48,XYYY karyotype in a 3-year-old boy ascertained because of radioulnar synostosis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

James, C.; Robson, L.; Jackson, J.

Chromosome analysis was performed on a 3-year-old boy because of bilateral radioulnar synostosis and demonstrated a mosaic karyotype 46,XY/47,XYY/48,XYYY. He had minor facial anomalies and mild intellectual delay. He appears to be the youngest patient reported with this rare chromosome complement. His father, mother, and brother had normal chromosomes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on the propositus and his father with the Y chromosome heterochromatic probe (pHY3.4) to add to the evaluation of mosaicism. 17 refs., 3 figs., 2 tabs.

40 CFR 98.408 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Suppliers of Natural Gas and Natural Gas Liquids § 98.408 Definitions. All terms...) Natural Gas 1.027 MMBtu/Mscf 53.02 Propane 3.836 MMBtu/bbl 63.02 Normal butane 4.326 MMBtu/bbl 64.93... Unit Default CO2 emission value(MT CO2/Unit) Natural Gas Mscf 0.054452 Propane Barrel 0.241745 Normal...

Flow cytometric sorting of fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa in the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla).

PubMed

O'Brien, J K; Stojanov, T; Crichton, E G; Evans, K M; Leigh, D; Maxwell, W M C; Evans, G; Loskutoff, N M

2005-08-01

We adapted flow cytometry technology for high-purity sorting of X chromosome-bearing spermatozoa in the western lowland gorilla (Gorilla gorilla gorilla). Our objectives were to develop methodologies for liquid storage of semen prior to sorting, sorting of liquid-stored and frozen-thawed spermatozoa, and assessment of sorting accuracy. In study 1, the in vitro sperm characteristics of gorilla ejaculates from one male were unchanged (P > 0.05) after 8 hr of liquid storage at 15 degrees C in a non-egg yolk diluent (HEPES-buffered modified Tyrode's medium). In study 2, we examined the efficacy of sorting fresh and frozen-thawed spermatozoa using human spermatozoa as a model for gorilla spermatozoa. Ejaculates from one male were split into fresh and frozen aliquots. X-enriched samples derived from both fresh and frozen-thawed human semen were of high purity, as determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH; 90.7%+/-2.3%, overall), and contained a high proportion of morphologically normal spermatozoa (86.0%+/-1.0%, overall). In study 3, we processed liquid-stored semen from two gorillas for sorting using a modification of methods for human spermatozoa. The sort rate for enrichment of X-bearing spermatozoa was 7.3+/-2.5 spermatozoa per second. The X-enriched samples were of high purity (single-sperm PCR: 83.7%) and normal morphology (79.0%+/-3.9%). In study 4 we examined frozen-thawed gorilla semen, and the sort rate (8.3+/-2.9 X-bearing sperm/sec), purity (89.7%), and normal morphology (81.4%+/-3.4%) were comparable to those of liquid-stored semen. Depending on the male and the type of sample used (fresh or frozen-thawed), 0.8-2.2% of gorilla spermatozoa in the processed ejaculate were present in the X-enriched sample. These results demonstrate that fresh or frozen-thawed gorilla spermatozoa can be flow cytometrically sorted into samples enriched for X-bearing spermatozoa. Copyright 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Early Rockets

NASA Image and Video Library

2004-04-15

By the end of the 19th Century, a Russian theorist, Konstantian Tsiolkovsky, was examining the fundamental scientific theories behind rocketry. He made some pioneering studies in liquid chemical rocket concepts and recommended liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen as the optimum propellants. In the 1920's, Tsiolkovsky analyzed and mathematically formulated the technique for staged vehicles to reach escape velocities from Earth.

The response of excess 230Th and extraterrestrial 3He to sediment redistribution at the Blake Ridge, western North Atlantic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McGee, David; Marcantonio, Franco; McManus, Jerry F.; Winckler, Gisela

2010-10-01

The constant-flux proxies excess 230Th ( 230Th xs) and extraterrestrial 3He ( 3He ET) are commonly used to calculate sedimentary mass accumulation rates and to quantify lateral advection of sediment at core sites. In settings with significant lateral input or removal of sediment, these calculations depend on the assumption that concentrations of 230Th xs and 3He ET are the same in both advected sediment and sediment falling through the water column above the core site. Sediment redistribution is known to fractionate grain sizes, preferentially transporting fine grains; though relatively few studies have examined the grain size distribution of 230Th xs and 3He ET, presently available data indicate that both are concentrated in fine grains, suggesting that fractionation during advection may bias accumulation rate and lateral advection estimates based on these proxies. In this study, we evaluate the behavior of 230Th xs and 3He ET in Holocene and last glacial samples from two cores from the Blake Ridge, a drift deposit in the western North Atlantic. At the end of the last glacial period, both cores received large amounts of laterally transported sediment enriched in fine-grained material. We find that accumulation rates calculated by normalization to 230Th and 3He are internally consistent despite large spatial and temporal differences in sediment advection. Our analyses of grain size fractions indicate that ~ 70% of 3He ET-bearing grains are in the < 20 μm fraction, with roughly equal amounts in the < 4 and 4-20 μm fractions. 230Th xs is concentrated in <4-μm grains relative to 4- to 20-μm grains by approximately a factor of 2 in Holocene samples and by a much larger factor (averaging a factor of 10) in glacial samples. Despite these enrichments of both constant-flux proxies in fine particles, the fidelity of 230Th- and 3He-based accumulation rate estimates appears to be preserved even in settings with extreme sediment redistribution, perhaps due to the cohesive behavior of fine particles in marine settings.

Superfluidity, Bose-Einstein condensation, and structure in one-dimensional Luttinger liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vranješ Markić, L.; Vrcan, H.; Zuhrianda, Z.; Glyde, H. R.

2018-01-01

We report diffusion Monte Carlo (DMC) and path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) calculations of the properties of a one-dimensional (1D) Bose quantum fluid. The equation of state, the superfluid fraction ρS/ρ0 , the one-body density matrix n (x ) , the pair distribution function g (x ) , and the static structure factor S (q ) are evaluated. The aim is to test Luttinger liquid (LL) predictions for 1D fluids over a wide range of fluid density and LL parameter K . The 1D Bose fluid examined is a single chain of 4He atoms confined to a line in the center of a narrow nanopore. The atoms cannot exchange positions in the nanopore, the criterion for 1D. The fluid density is varied from the spinodal density where the 1D liquid is unstable to droplet formation to the density of bulk liquid 4He. In this range, K varies from K >2 at low density, where a robust superfluid is predicted, to K <0.5 , where fragile 1D superflow and solidlike peaks in S (q ) are predicted. For uniform pore walls, the ρS/ρ0 scales as predicted by LL theory. The n (x ) and g (x ) show long range oscillations and decay with x as predicted by LL theory. The amplitude of the oscillations is large at high density (small K ) and small at low density (large K ). The K values obtained from different properties agree well verifying the internal structure of LL theory. In the presence of disorder, the ρS/ρ0 does not scale as predicted by LL theory. A single vJ parameter in the LL theory that recovers LL scaling was not found. The one body density matrix (OBDM) in disorder is well predicted by LL theory. The "dynamical" superfluid fraction, ρSD/ρ0 , is determined. The physics of the deviation from LL theory in disorder and the "dynamical" ρSD/ρ0 are discussed.

The Armored Infantry in the US Force Structure.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-02

armored infantry and tank integration occurred during the capture of the town of Troyes , France, in 1944, by Task Force West of the 4th Armored...Singling and Troyes . The same can not be said of the foot infantryman because normally he was not associated with tanks. Such was the case in the previously

Magnetic Field Effects on the Fluctuation Corrections to the Sound Attenuation in Liquid ^3He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Erhai; Sauls, James A.

2002-03-01

We investigated the effect of a magnetic field on the excess sound attenuation due to order parameter fluctuations in bulk liquid ^3He and liquid ^3He in aerogel for temperatures just above the corresponding superfluid transition temperatures. The fluctuation corrections to the acoustic attenuation are sensitive to magnetic field pairbreaking, aerogel scattering as well as the spin correlations of fluctuating pairs. Calculations of the corrections to the zero sound velocity, δ c_0, and attenuation, δα_0, are carried out in the ladder approximation for the singular part of the quasiparticle-quasiparticle scattering amplitude(V. Samalam and J. W. Serene, Phys. Rev. Lett. \\underline41), 497 (1978). as a function of frequency, temperature, impurity scattering and magnetic field strength. The magnetic field suppresses the fluctuation contributions to the attenuation of zero sound. With increasing magnetic field the temperature dependence of δα_0(t) crosses over from δα_0(t) ~√ t to δα_0(t) ~ t, where t=T/Tc -1 is the reduced temperature.

Reversibly extracellular pH controlled cellular uptake and photothermal therapy by PEGylated mixed-charge gold nanostars.

PubMed

Wang, Shouju; Teng, Zhaogang; Huang, Peng; Liu, Dingbin; Liu, Ying; Tian, Ying; Sun, Jing; Li, Yanjun; Ju, Huangxian; Chen, Xiaoyuan; Lu, Guangming

2015-04-17

Shielding nanoparticles from nonspecific interactions with normal cells/tissues before they reach and after they leave tumors is crucial for the selective delivery of NPs into tumor cells. By utilizing the reversible protonation of weak electrolytic groups to pH changes, long-chain amine/carboxyl-terminated polyethylene glycol (PEG) decorated gold nanostars (GNSs) are designed, exhibiting reversible, significant, and sensitive response in cell affinity and therapeutic efficacy to the extracellular pH (pHe) gradient between normal tissues and tumors. This smart nanosystem shows good dispersity and unimpaired photothermal efficacy in complex bioenvironment at pH 6.4 and 7.4 even when their surface charge is neutral. One PEGylated mixed-charge GNSs with certain surface composition, GNS-N/C 4, exhibits high cell affinity and therapeutic efficacy at pH 6.4, and low affinity and almost "zero" damage to cells at pH 7.4. Remarkably, this significant and sensitive response in cell affinity and therapeutic efficacy is reversible as local pH alternated. In vivo, GNS-N/C 4 shows higher accumulation in tumors and improved photothermal therapeutic efficacy than pH-insensitive GNSs. This newly developed smart nanosystem, whose cell affinity reversibly transforms in response to pHe gradient with unimpaired biostability, provides a novel effective means of tumor-selective therapy. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of acid swallowing on esophageal contraction in patients with heartburn related to hypersensitivity.

PubMed

Lee, Hyuk; Lee, Sang Kil; Park, Jun Chul; Shin, Sung Kwan; Lee, Yong Chan

2013-01-01

There are heterogeneous subgroups among those with heartburn, and data on these individuals are relatively scant. We aimed to evaluate the effect of acid challenge on the segmental contractions of esophageal smooth muscle in endoscopy-negative patients with normal esophageal acid exposure. High-resolution esophageal manometry (HRM) was performed on 30 endoscopy-negative patients with heartburn accompanied by normal esophageal acid exposure using 10 water swallows followed by 10 acidic pomegranate juice swallows. Patients were classified into functional heartburn (FH) and hypersensitive esophagus (HE) groups based on the results of 24-hr impedance pH testing. HRM topographic plots were analyzed and maximal wave amplitude and pressure volumes were measured for proximal and distal smooth muscle segments. The pressure volume of the distal smooth muscle segment in the HE group measured during acidic swallows was higher than during water swallows (2224.1 ± 68.2 mmHg/cm per s versus 2105.6 ± 66.4 mmHg/cm per s, P = 0.027). A prominent shift in the pressure volume to the distal smooth muscle segment was observed in the HE group compared with the FH group (segmental ratio: 2.72 ± 0.08 versus 2.39 ± 0.07, P = 0.005). Manometric measurements during acidic swallows revealed that this shift was augmented in the HE group. The optimal ratio of pomegranate juice swallowing for discrimination of FH from HE was 2.82, with a sensitivity of 88.9% and a specificity of 100%. Hypercontractile response of distal smooth muscle segment to acid swallowing was more prominent in the HE group than the FH group. © 2012 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Liquid L-thyroxine versus tablet L-thyroxine in patients on L- thyroxine replacement or suppressive therapy: a meta-analysis.

PubMed

Laurent, Irakoze; Tang, Siying; Astère, Manirakiza; Wang, Kan Ran; Deng, Shuhua; Xiao, Ling; Li, Qi Fu

2018-03-23

To compare the effectiveness of liquid L-T4 (L-thyroxine) and tablet L-T4 in patients on L-T4 replacement or suppressive therapy. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched to identify relevant articles. All prospective or randomized controlled studies (RCTs) comparing liquid L-T4 and tablet L-T4 in patients on L-T4 replacement or suppressive therapy were included in the analysis. Overall, the initial search of the four databases identified 1278 published studies; of these, eight studies were ultimately included in the meta-analysis. TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) levels were significantly suppressed in patients on liquid L-T4 compared with those on tablet L-T4, in patients on L-T4 suppressive therapy with L-T4 malabsorption (Mean Difference (MD) = -2.26, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): -3.59, -0.93; P = 0.0009)). However, liquid L-T4 and tablet L-T4 did not show a statistically significant difference in patients on L-T4 suppressive therapy without malabsorption (MD = 0.08, 95% CI: -0.31, 0.47; P = 0.69). TSH levels were significantly normalized in patients on liquid L-T4 compared with those on tablet L-T4, in Patients on L-T4 replacement therapy with L-T4 malabsorption (MD = -3.20, 95% CI: -5.08, -1.32; P = 0.0009). However, liquid L-T4 and tablet L-T4 did not show a statistically significant difference in patients on L-T4 replacement therapy without malabsorption (MD = 0.91, 95% CI: -0.03, 1.86; P = 0.06). Liquid L-T4 is more efficient than tablet L-T4 in patients on L-T4 replacement or suppressive therapy with malabsorption. No significant differences were observed in patients without malabsorption. Further studies should be conducted to verify these findings.

Newly diagnosed congenital factor VII deficiency and utilization of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven®)

PubMed Central

Bartosh, Nicole S; Tomlin, Tara; Cable, Christian; Halka, Kathleen

2013-01-01

This case report presents a newly diagnosed congenital factor VII deficiency treated with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessive bleeding disorder that occurs in fewer than 1/500,000 persons. Its presentation can vary from epistaxis to hemarthroses and severe central nervous system bleeding, and correlates poorly with factor VII levels. Our patient had not had a significant hemostatic challenge prior to his presentation and therefore never had any symptomatology suggestive of this disease. He was treated with rFVIIa, and was able to undergo repair of his fractures without bleeding. Case report A 19-year-old African-American male presented to the emergency room after an altercation that resulted in significant trauma. He sustained bilateral mandibular angle fractures and orbital floor fractures, requiring urgent surgical correction. On initial evaluation, he was noted to have a prolonged prothrombin time of 40.1 seconds, with an International Normalized Ratio of 4.0, a normal activated partial thromboplastin time of 29.9 seconds, and a platelet count of 241. After receiving vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma, he was taken to the operating room for a temporary rigid maxillomandibular fixation. A 1:1 mixing study with normal plasma corrected the prothrombin time (decreasing from 40.7 to 14.7 seconds) and a factor VII assay revealed 5% of the normal factor VII level. The patient was diagnosed with congenital factor VII deficiency. Due to his coagulopathy and the extensive surgical correction needed, rFVIIa was administered and surgery was accomplished without hemorrhagic sequelae. Conclusion This case report and review describes a rare congenital disease, the history of rFVIIa use, and its mechanism. rFVIIA use in our patient provided a treatment option that allowed the necessary surgical correction, but further prospective studies on dose optimization would ensure adequate dosing with minimal risk of severe side effects. PMID:23516010

Newly diagnosed congenital factor VII deficiency and utilization of recombinant activated factor VII (NovoSeven(®)).

PubMed

Bartosh, Nicole S; Tomlin, Tara; Cable, Christian; Halka, Kathleen

2013-01-01

This case report presents a newly diagnosed congenital factor VII deficiency treated with recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa). Congenital factor VII deficiency is a rare autosomal-recessive bleeding disorder that occurs in fewer than 1/500,000 persons. Its presentation can vary from epistaxis to hemarthroses and severe central nervous system bleeding, and correlates poorly with factor VII levels. Our patient had not had a significant hemostatic challenge prior to his presentation and therefore never had any symptomatology suggestive of this disease. He was treated with rFVIIa, and was able to undergo repair of his fractures without bleeding. A 19-year-old African-American male presented to the emergency room after an altercation that resulted in significant trauma. He sustained bilateral mandibular angle fractures and orbital floor fractures, requiring urgent surgical correction. On initial evaluation, he was noted to have a prolonged prothrombin time of 40.1 seconds, with an International Normalized Ratio of 4.0, a normal activated partial thromboplastin time of 29.9 seconds, and a platelet count of 241. After receiving vitamin K and fresh frozen plasma, he was taken to the operating room for a temporary rigid maxillomandibular fixation. A 1:1 mixing study with normal plasma corrected the prothrombin time (decreasing from 40.7 to 14.7 seconds) and a factor VII assay revealed 5% of the normal factor VII level. The patient was diagnosed with congenital factor VII deficiency. Due to his coagulopathy and the extensive surgical correction needed, rFVIIa was administered and surgery was accomplished without hemorrhagic sequelae. This case report and review describes a rare congenital disease, the history of rFVIIa use, and its mechanism. rFVIIA use in our patient provided a treatment option that allowed the necessary surgical correction, but further prospective studies on dose optimization would ensure adequate dosing with minimal risk of severe side effects.

Cytotoxic and Antimicrobial Activity of Dehydrozingerone based Cyclopropyl Derivatives.

PubMed

Burmudžija, Adrijana Z; Muškinja, Jovana M; Kosanić, Marijana M; Ranković, Branislav R; Novaković, Slađana B; Đorđević, Snežana B; Stanojković, Tatjana P; Baskić, Dejan D; Ratković, Zoran R

2017-08-01

A small series of 1-acetyl-2-(4-alkoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)cyclopropanes was prepared, starting from dehydrozingerone (4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-buten-2-one) and its O-alkyl derivatives. Their microbiological activities toward some strains of bacteria and fungi were tested, as well as their in vitro cytotoxic activity against some cancer cell lines (HeLa, LS174 and A549). All synthesized compounds showed significant antimicrobial activity and expressed cytotoxic activity against tested carcinoma cell lines, but they showed no significant influence on normal cell line (MRC5). Butyl derivative is the most active on HeLa cells (IC 50 = 8.63 μm), while benzyl one is active against LS174 and A549 cell lines (IC 50 = 10.17 and 12.15 μm, respectively). © 2017 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.

Critical viewpoints on the methods of realizing the metal freezing points of the ITS-90

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, C. K.

1995-08-01

The time-honored method for realizing the freezing point tf of a metal (in practice necessarily a dilute alloy) is that of continuous, slow freezing where the plateau temperature (which is the result of solidifying material's being so pure that its phase-transition temperature is observably constant) is measured. The freezing point being an equilibrium temperature, Ancsin considers this method to be inappropriate in principle: equilibrium between the solid and liquid phases cannot be achieved while the solid is being cooled to dispose of the releasing latent heat and while it is accreting at the expense of the liquid. In place of the continuous freezing method he has employed the pulse-heating method (in which the sample is allowed to approach equilibrium after each heat pulse) in his study of Ag; his measurements suggest that freezing can produce non-negligible errors. Here we examine both methods and conclude that the freezing method, employing an inside solid-liquid interface thermally isolated by an outside interface, can provide realizations of the highest accuracy; in either method, perturbation, by inducing solid-liquid phase transition continuously or intermittently, is essential for detecting equilibrium thermally. The respective merits and disadvantages of these two methods and also of the inner-melt method are discussed. We conclude that in a freezing-point measurement what is being measured is in effect the however minutely varying phase transition, and nonconstitutional equilibrium, temperature ti at the solid-liquid interface. The objective is then to measure the ti that is the best measure of tf, which is, normally, the plateau temperature.

The Momentum Distribution of Liquid ⁴He

DOE PAGES

Prisk, T. R.; Bryan, M. S.; Sokol, P. E.; ...

2017-07-24

We report a high-resolution neutron Compton scattering study of liquid ⁴He under milli-Kelvin temperature control. To interpret the scattering data, we performed Quantum Monte Carlo calculations of the atomic momentum distribution and final state effects for the conditions of temperature and density considered in the experiment. There is excellent agreement between the observed scattering and ab initio calculations of its lineshape at all temperatures. We also used model fit functions to obtain from the scattering data empirical estimates of the average atomic kinetic energy and Bose condensate fraction. These quantities are also in excellent agreement with ab initio calculations. Wemore » conclude that contemporary Quantum Monte Carlo methods can furnish accurate predictions for the properties of Bose liquids, including the condensate fraction, close to the superfluid transition temperature.« less

Hyperspectral imaging fluorescence excitation scanning for detecting colorectal cancer: pilot study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leavesley, Silas J.; Wheeler, Mikayla; Lopez, Carmen; Baker, Thomas; Favreau, Peter F.; Rich, Thomas C.; Rider, Paul F.; Boudreaux, Carole W.

2016-03-01

Optical spectroscopy and hyperspectral imaging have shown the theoretical potential to discriminate between cancerous and non-cancerous tissue with high sensitivity and specificity. To date, these techniques have not been able to be effectively translated to endoscope platforms. Hyperspectral imaging of the fluorescence excitation spectrum represents a new technology that may be well-suited for endoscopic implementation. However, the feasibility of detecting differences between normal and cancerous mucosa using fluorescence excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging has not been evaluated. The objective of this pilot study was to evaluate the changes in the fluorescence excitation spectrum of resected specimen pairs of colorectal adenocarcinoma and normal colorectal mucosa. Patients being treated for colorectal adenocarcinoma were enrolled. Representative adenocarcinoma and normal colonic mucosa specimens were collected from each case. Specimens were flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histologic evaluation of H&E permanent sections. Hyperspectral image data of the fluorescence excitation of adenocarcinoma and surrounding normal tissue were acquired using a custom microscope configuration previously developed in our lab. Results demonstrated consistent spectral differences between normal and cancerous tissues over the fluorescence excitation spectral range of 390-450 nm. We conclude that fluorescence excitation-scanning hyperspectral imaging may offer an alternative approach for differentiating adenocarcinoma and surrounding normal mucosa of the colon. Future work will focus on expanding the number of specimen pairs analyzed and will utilize fresh tissues where possible, as flash freezing and reconstituting tissues may have altered the autofluorescence properties.

Tri-modal confocal mosaics detect residual invasive squamous cell carcinoma in Mohs surgical excisions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gareau, Dan; Bar, Anna; Snaveley, Nicholas; Lee, Ken; Chen, Nathaniel; Swanson, Neil; Simpson, Eric; Jacques, Steve

2012-06-01

For rapid, intra-operative pathological margin assessment to guide staged cancer excisions, multimodal confocal mosaic scan image wide surgical margins (approximately 1 cm) with sub-cellular resolution and mimic the appearance of conventional hematoxylin and eosin histopathology (H&E). The goal of this work is to combine three confocal imaging modes: acridine orange fluorescence (AO) for labeling nuclei, eosin fluorescence (Eo) for labeling cytoplasm, and endogenous reflectance (R) for marking collagen and keratin. Absorption contrast is achieved by alternating the excitation wavelength: 488 nm (AO fluorescence) and 532 nm (Eo fluorescence). Superposition and false-coloring of these modes mimics H&E, enabling detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The sum of mosaic Eo+R is false-colored pink to mimic the appearance of eosin, while the AO mosaic is false-colored purple to mimic the appearance of hematoxylin in H&E. In this study, mosaics of 10 Mohs surgical excisions containing invasive SCC, and five containing only normal tissue were subdivided for digital presentation equivalent to 4× histology. Of the total 50 SCC and 25 normal sub-mosaics presented, two reviewers made two and three type-2 errors (false positives), respectively. Limitations to precisely mimic H&E included occasional elastin staining by AO. These results suggest that confocal mosaics may effectively guide staged SCC excisions in skin and other tissues.

Tri-modal confocal mosaics detect residual invasive squamous cell carcinoma in Mohs surgical excisions

PubMed Central

Bar, Anna; Snaveley, Nicholas; Lee, Ken; Chen, Nathaniel; Swanson, Neil; Simpson, Eric; Jacques, Steve

2012-01-01

Abstract. For rapid, intra-operative pathological margin assessment to guide staged cancer excisions, multimodal confocal mosaic scan image wide surgical margins (approximately 1 cm) with sub-cellular resolution and mimic the appearance of conventional hematoxylin and eosin histopathology (H&E). The goal of this work is to combine three confocal imaging modes: acridine orange fluorescence (AO) for labeling nuclei, eosin fluorescence (Eo) for labeling cytoplasm, and endogenous reflectance (R) for marking collagen and keratin. Absorption contrast is achieved by alternating the excitation wavelength: 488 nm (AO fluorescence) and 532 nm (Eo fluorescence). Superposition and false-coloring of these modes mimics H&E, enabling detection of cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). The sum of mosaic Eo+R is false-colored pink to mimic the appearance of eosin, while the AO mosaic is false-colored purple to mimic the appearance of hematoxylin in H&E. In this study, mosaics of 10 Mohs surgical excisions containing invasive SCC, and five containing only normal tissue were subdivided for digital presentation equivalent to 4× histology. Of the total 50 SCC and 25 normal sub-mosaics presented, two reviewers made two and three type-2 errors (false positives), respectively. Limitations to precisely mimic H&E included occasional elastin staining by AO. These results suggest that confocal mosaics may effectively guide staged SCC excisions in skin and other tissues. PMID:22734774

Coast Guard Proceedings. Volume 70, Number 4, Winter 2013-2014

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

across the industry. About the author: Mr. Charlie Williams is the Center for Offshore Safety executive direc ‑ tor. He recently retired from a 40‑year...is important to note that the assembly is designed for liquid transfer only, not as a mooring device. The turret is fitted with a motor- ized slewing... injection of dispersants into leaking oil to determine the difference between physi- cally and chemically dispersed oil at depth. ■ The Department of

Quantum Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fantoni, Riccardo, E-mail: rfantoni@ts.infn.it; Moroni, Saverio, E-mail: moroni@democritos.it

We present a path integral Monte Carlo method which is the full quantum analogue of the Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo method of Panagiotopoulos to study the gas-liquid coexistence line of a classical fluid. Unlike previous extensions of Gibbs ensemble Monte Carlo to include quantum effects, our scheme is viable even for systems with strong quantum delocalization in the degenerate regime of temperature. This is demonstrated by an illustrative application to the gas-superfluid transition of {sup 4}He in two dimensions.

Magnetically driven cold valve for 4He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bueno, J.; Blaauwgeers, R.; Partapsing, R.; Taminiau, I.; Jochemsen, R.

2006-08-01

We have designed a low temperature valve for liquid helium, which uses a magnetic field gradient and a permanent magnet to close. For closing, it presses a small ruby ball onto a Torlon seat. We present a small valve that is easy to build and easily controlled via two wires. It has a fast response, reliable, and has the advantage that there is no dead volume change on closing and no additional helium line is required to operate.

Wire-packed heat exchangers for dilution refrigerators.

PubMed

Polturak, E; Rappaport, M; Rosenbaum, R

1978-03-01

Very simple wire-packed step heat exchangers for dilution refrigerators are described. No sintering is used in fabrication. Flow impedances and thermal resistance between the liquid and the copper wires are low. A refrigerator with five wire-packed heat exchangers in addition to a countercurrent heat exchanger attains a temperature of 11.4 mK with a single mixing chamber and 6.1 mK with two mixing chambers. High cooling power is achieved at modest (3)He circulation rates.

Basic Research in Microplasmas

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-29

concentrations of nitrate anions (NO3-) and nitrite anions (NO2-) in sterile water were measured with a high-performance liquid chromatography , HPLC ( Dionex ...ICS-2500 equipped with an ED50 electrochemical detector and a DIONEX ASRS 4-mm suppressor module). 25 μL samples were injected into the system for...the very few of He* atoms were used for the Penning ionization of the N2 molecule(reaction 6), because no N2 + ion (391nm) were detected in side-on

Peripheral neuropathy in diabetes: it's not always what it looks like.

PubMed

Maltese, G; Tan, S V; Bruno, E; Brackenridge, A; Thomas, S

2018-06-04

Hereditary Neuropathy with liability to Pressure Palsies (HNPP) is an autosomal dominant neuropathy, associated with deletion of the Peripheral Myelin Protein-22 (PMP-22) gene, causing recurrent painless palsies with age of onset between 10 and 30 years old. Only a few cases of Type 2 Diabetes and HNPP have been described and the coexistence of HNPP and Type 1 diabetes has never been reported. A 54-year old man with a history of Type 1 diabetes, managed with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), presented with deterioration of long-standing motor and sensory symptoms, previously attributed to golfer's elbow, diabetic neuropathy and spinal degenerative disease. He had multilevel severe spine degenerative changes and L4/L5 and L5/S1 root impingements with a L4/L5 discectomy performed when he was 25 years old. On physical examination he had normal power and distal hypoaesthesia of the digits and plantar aspect of the feet. Investigations revealed normal full blood count, liver and renal function, electrolytes, vitamin B12 and serum folate. He suffered from primary hypothyroidism and thyroid function tests indicated adequate levothyroxine replacement. Nerve conduction studies revealed a generalized demyelinating sensorimotor neuropathy, with more severe involvement of nerves over entrapment sites. Further history that his father suffered from episodes of weakness and numbness was elicited. Genetic analysis revealed one copy of the PMP22 gene at 17p11.2 confirming the diagnosis of HNPP. In people with diabetes the evaluation of peripheral neuropathy should include a careful history, a comprehensive physical examination, blood tests and in some cases nerve conduction studies and genetic testing. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Bartter syndrome type 3 in an elderly complicated with adrenocorticotropin-deficiency.

PubMed

Tamagawa, Eri; Inaba, Hidefumi; Ota, Takayuki; Ariyasu, Hiroyuki; Kawashima, Hiromichi; Wakasaki, Hisao; Furuta, Hiroto; Nishi, Masahiro; Nakao, Taisei; Kaito, Hiroshi; Iijima, Kazumoto; Nakanishi, Koichi; Yoshikawa, Norishige; Akamizu, Takashi

2014-01-01

Bartter syndrome (BS) is a disorder with normotensive hypokalemic alkalosis and hyperreninemic hyperaldosteronemia. BS affects infants or early childhood. Patients with BS type 3 harbor mutation in CLCNKB, Cl channel Kb. Gitelman syndrome (GS) is a disorder in childhood, with mutation in SLC12A3. Isolated adrenocorticotropin deficiency (IAD) causes secondary adrenal insufficiency. Neither elderly cases, nor cases with IAD were previously reported in BS. A 72-year-old man was admitted with acute adrenal crisis. He had been treated for IAD for 19 years. He had no trouble during perinatal period, delivery, and growth. After the recovery from adrenal crisis, laboratory tests revealed hypokalemia; 3.0 mEq/L (normal: 3.5-4.5), impaired renal function: eGFR; 37.6 mL/min/1.73 m2, normomagnesemia; 2.1 mg/dL (1.7-2.3), hyperreninemia; 59.4 ng/mL/h (0.2-2.7), hyperaldosteronemia; 23.5 ng/dL (3.0-15.9), and normal urinary ratio of calcium/creatinine. In diuretic tests, he showed a fine response to furosemide, and a mild response to thiazide. In genetic tests, no mutation of SLC12A3 was found and homozygous mutation: c.1830 G > A in CLCNKB was shown. Thus he was diagnosed as BS type 3. Current case presented with unusual features as BS type 3, 1) his late and mild clinical manifestation suggested GS rather than BS, 2) laboratory data and diuretics tests did not show typical features as BS, and 3) IAD and chronic renal failure altered electrolyte metabolism. In conclusion, current case implies that BS type 3 should be considered even in elderly cases with normotensive hypokalemia, and highlights importance of endocrinological and genetic examinations.

Effects of feeding a diet containing Gymnema sylvestre extract: Attenuating progression of obesity in C57BL/6J mice.

PubMed

Kim, Hyeon-Jeong; Hong, Seong-Ho; Chang, Seung-Hee; Kim, Sanghwa; Lee, Ah Young; Jang, Yoonjeong; Davaadamdin, Orkhonselenge; Yu, Kyeong-Nam; Kim, Ji-Eun; Cho, Myung-Haing

2016-05-01

To investigate the effect of Gymnema sylvestre extract (GS) on initial anti-obesity, liver injury, and glucose homeostasis induced by a high-fat diet (HFD). The dry powder of GS was extracted with methanol, and gymnemic acid was identified by high performance liquid chromatography as deacyl gymnemic acid. Male C57BL/6J mice that fed on either a normal diet, normal diet containing 1 g/kg GS (CON+GS), HFD, or HFD containing 1.0 g/kg GS (HFD + GS) for 4 weeks were used to test the initial anti-obesity effect of GS. Body weight gain and food intake, and serum levels about lipid and liver injury markers were measured. Histopathology of adipose tissue and liver stained with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and oil-red O were analyzed. After 4 weeks of GS extract feeding, intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) was performed. The methanol extracts of GS exerted significant anti-obesity effects in HFD + GS group. They decreased body weight gain, a lower food and energy efficiency ratio, and showed lower serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol, very-low density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol and leptin compared with the HFD group. The decreases of abdominal as well as epididymal fat weight and adipocyte hypertrophy, lipid droplets in liver, and serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) were also observed. The CON + GS group showed an effect of glucose homeostasis compared to the CON group. This study shows that GS provide the possibility as a key role in an initial anti-obesity effects feeding with a HFD. Copyright © 2016 Hainan Medical College. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Post 4 Ma initiation of normal faulting in southern Tibet. Constraints from the Kung Co half graben

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahéo, G.; Leloup, P. H.; Valli, F.; Lacassin, R.; Arnaud, N.; Paquette, J.-L.; Fernandez, A.; Haibing, L.; Farley, K. A.; Tapponnier, P.

2007-04-01

The timing of E-W extension of the Tibetan plateau provides a test of mechanical models of the geodynamic evolution of the India-Asia convergence zone. In this work we focus on the Kung Co half graben (Southern Tibet, China), bounded by an active N-S normal fault with a minimum vertical offset of 1600 m. To estimate the onset of normal faulting we combined high and medium temperature (U-Pb, Ar/Ar) and low temperature ((U-Th)/He) thermochronometry of the Kung Co pluton, a two-mica granite of the northern Himalayan granitic belt that outcrop in the footwall of the fault. Biotite and muscovite Ar/Ar ages , are close from each other [˜ 16 Ma ± 0.2 (Ms) and ˜ 15 ± 0.4 Ma (Bt)], which is typical of fast cooling. The zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He ages range from 11.3 to 9.6 Ma and 9.9 to 3.7 Ma respectively. These He ages are indicative of (1) fast initial cooling, from 11.3 to ˜ 9 Ma, gradually decreasing with time and (2) a high geothermal gradient (˜ 400 °C/km), close to the surface at ˜ 10 Ma. The Kung Co pluton was emplaced at about 22 Ma (U-Pb on zircon) at less than 10 km depth and 520-545 °C. Subsequent to its shallow emplacement, the pluton underwent fast thermal re-equilibration ending around 7.5 Ma, followed by a period of slow cooling caused either by the end of the thermal re-equilibration or by very slow exhumation (0.02-0.03 mm/yr) from ˜ 7.5 Ma to at least 4 Ma. In either case the data suggest that the exhumation rate increased after 4 Ma. We infer this increase to be related to the initiation of the Kung Co normal fault. A critical examination of previously published data show that most ˜ N-S Tibetan normal faults may have formed less than 5 Ma ago rather than in the Miocene as assumed by several authors. Such a young age implies that E-W extension is not related to the Neogene South Tibetan magmatism (25 to 8 Ma). Consequently, models relating E-W extension to magmatism, such as convective removal of the lower lithosphere, may be inappropriate. We rather think that this extension is related with local accommodation of boundary forces and displacements.

TSH-induced hyperthyroidism caused by a pituitary tumor.

PubMed

Beck-Peccoz, Paolo; Persani, Luca

2006-09-01

A 45-year-old man presented with frontal headache and visual disturbances to our clinic. For the previous 5 years, he had been receiving treatment for long-lasting mild hyperthyroidism with antithyroid therapy, but therapy had not been carefully followed. During the last 2 years he had also complained of erectile dysfunction and loss of libido. On physical examination, he had a small goiter, normal skin, no Graves' ophthalmopathy, normal BMI, and reduced testis volume and pubic hair. Serum levels of free T3 and T4, serum prolactin, testosterone, serum gonadotropins, insulin-like growth factor 1, adrenocorticotropic hormone, and cortisol were measured. MRI scan, TSH-releasing hormone test, and T3 suppression test were carried out. Levels of pituitary glycoprotein hormone alpha-subunit and sex-hormone-binding protein were also measured. Hyperthyroidism caused by a mixed pituitary adenoma that secretes prolactin and TSH. Trans-sphenoidal resection of the pituitary tumor. After surgery, T3 suppression test failed to completely suppress TSH secretion, which suggested a persistence of residual adenomatous cells. Hyperthyroidism and hypogonadism recurred after 5 years, therefore, treatment with lanreotide was initiated, and resulted in complete resolution of signs and symptoms of the disease.

A program to measure new energetic particle nuclear interaction cross sections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guzik, T. G.; Albergo, S.; Chen, C.-X.; Costa, S.; Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Ferrando, P.; Flores, I.; Greiner, L.; Jones, F. C.; Knott, C. N.; Ko, S.; Lindstrom, P. J.; Mazotta, J.; Mitchell, J. W.; Romanski, J.; Potenza, R.; Soutoul, A.; Testard, O.; Tull, C. E.; Tuve, C.; Waddington, C. J.; Webber, W. R.; Wefel, J. P.; Zhang, X.

1994-10-01

The Transport Collaboration, consisting of researchers from institutions in France, Germany, Italy, and the USA, has established a program to make new measurements of nuclear interaction cross sections for heavy projectiles (Z greater than or equal to 2) in targets of liquid H2, He and heavier materials. Such cross sections directly affect calculations of galactic and solar cosmic ray transport through matter and are needed for accurate radiation hazard assessment. To date, the collaboration has obtained data using the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac HISS facility with 20 projectiles from He-4 to Ni-58 in the energy range 393-910 MeV/nucleon. Preliminary results from the analysis of these data are presented here and compared to other measurements and to cross section prediction formulae.

A program to measure new energetic particle nuclear interaction cross sections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guzik, T. G.; Albergo, S.; Chen, C. X.; Costa, S.; Crawford, H. J.; Engelage, J.; Ferrando, P.; Flores, I.; Greiner, L.; Jones, F. C.

1994-01-01

The Transport Collaboration, consisting of researchers from institutions in France, Germany, Italy, and the USA, has established a program to make new measurements of nuclear interaction cross sections for heavy projectiles (Z greater than or equal to 2) in targets of liquid H2, He and heavier materials. Such cross sections directly affect calculations of galactic and solar cosmic ray transport through matter and are needed for accurate radiation hazard assessment. To date, the collaboration has obtained data using the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory Bevalac HISS facility with 20 projectiles from He-4 to Ni-58 in the energy range 393-910 MeV/nucleon. Preliminary results from the analysis of these data are presented here and compared to other measurements and to cross section prediction formulae.

Liquid acquisition devices for superfluid helium transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dipirro, M. J.

1990-01-01

To transfer superfluid helium (He II) in the milli-g or micro-g environment in orbit, it is necessary to provide a reasonably steady supply of liquid to the inlet of the pump in the supply dewar. To accomplish this without providing an artificial gravity through acceleration requires a liquid acquisition device. Fluid swirl and electrostatic devices have been proposed to orientate the fluid. However, the simplest mechanisms appear to be the use of surface tension or the thermomechanical effect. This paper examines four concepts for providing He II to the inlet of a thermomechanical pump. The devices are a distributed thermomechanical pump, a distributed pump with a main thermomechanical pump, a screened channel system and a vane/sponge combination. Calculations on the efficiency of these types of liquid acquisition devices are made using laboratory data from tests involving small scale devices where applicable. These calculations show that the latter two types of liquid acquisition devices are the most efficient. Questions as to the probability of cavitation and the effect of the residual shuttle acceleration on their operation remain to be answered, however.

Tailoring the properties of acetate-based ionic liquids using the tricyanomethanide anion.

PubMed

Lepre, L F; Szala-Bilnik, J; Padua, A A H; Traïkia, M; Ando, R A; Costa Gomes, M F

2016-08-17

The equilibrium and transport properties of mixtures of two ionic liquids - [C4C1Im][OAc] and [C4C1Im][C(CN)3] - were determined and interpreted at the molecular level using vibration spectroscopy, NMR and molecular dynamics simulation. The non-ideality of the mixtures [C4C1Im][OAc](1-x)[C(CN)3]x was characterized by V(E) = +0.28 cm(3) mol(-1) (293 K, x = 0.65) and H(E) = -2.2 kJ mol(-1) for x = 0.5. These values could be explained by a rearrangement of the hydrogen-bond network of the mixture that favours the interaction of the acetate anion with the imidazolium cation at position C2. The dynamic properties of the mixture are also dramatically influenced by the composition with a decrease of the viscosity and an increase of self-diffusion coefficients of the ions when the amount of tricyanomethanide anion increases in the mixture.

Isotope systematics of Icelandic thermal fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stefánsson, Andri; Hilton, David R.; Sveinbjörnsdóttir, Árný E.; Torssander, Peter; Heinemeier, Jan; Barnes, Jaime D.; Ono, Shuhei; Halldórsson, Sæmundur Ari; Fiebig, Jens; Arnórsson, Stefán

2017-05-01

Thermal fluids in Iceland range in temperature from < 10 °C to > 440 °C and are dominated by water (> 97 mol%) with a chloride concentration from < 10 ppm to > 20,000 ppm. The isotope systematics of the fluids reveal many important features of the source(s) and transport properties of volatiles at this divergent plate boundary. Studies spanning over four decades have revealed a large range of values for δD (- 131 to + 3.3‰), tritium (- 0.4 to + 13.8 TU), δ18O (- 20.8 to + 2.3‰), 3He/4He (3.1 to 30.4 RA), δ11B (- 6.7 to + 25.0‰), δ13C∑ CO2 (- 27.4 to + 4.6‰), 14C∑ CO2 (+ 0.6 to + 118 pMC), δ13CCH4 (- 52.3 to - 17.8‰), δ15N (- 10.5 to + 3.0‰), δ34S∑ S- II (- 10.9 to + 3.4‰), δ34SSO4 (- 2.0 to + 21.2‰) and δ37Cl (- 1.0 to + 2.1‰) in both liquid and vapor phases. Based on this isotopic dataset, the thermal waters originate from meteoric inputs and/or seawater. For other volatiles, degassing of mantle-derived melts contributes to He, CO2 and possibly also to Cl in the fluids. Water-basalt interaction also contributes to CO2 and is the major source of H2S, SO4, Cl and B in the fluids. Redox reactions additionally influence the composition of the fluids, for example, oxidation of H2S to SO4 and reduction of CO2 to CH4. Air-water interaction mainly controls N2, Ar and Ne concentrations. The large range of many non-reactive volatile isotope ratios, such as δ37Cl and 3He/4He, indicate heterogeneity of the mantle and mantle-derived melts beneath Iceland. In contrast, the large range of many reactive isotopes, such as δ13C∑ CO2 and δ34S∑ S- II, are heavily affected by processes occurring within the geothermal systems, including fluid-rock interaction, depressurization boiling, and isotopic fractionation between secondary minerals and the aqueous and vapor species. Variations due to these geothermal processes may exceed differences observed among various crust and mantle sources, highlighting the importance and effects of chemical reactions on the isotope systematics of reactive elements.

Electrical control of Faraday rotation at a liquid-liquid interface.

PubMed

Marinescu, Monica; Kornyshev, Alexei A; Flatté, Michael E

2015-01-01

A theory is developed for the Faraday rotation of light from a monolayer of charged magnetic nanoparticles at an electrified liquid-liquid interface. The polarization fields of neighboring nanoparticles enhance the Faraday rotation. At such interfaces, and for realistic sizes and charges of nanoparticles, their adsorption-desorption can be controlled with a voltage variation<1 V, providing electrovariable Faraday rotation. A calculation based on the Maxwell-Garnett theory predicts that the corresponding redistribution of 40 nm nanoparticles of yttrium iron garnet can switch a cavity with a quality factor larger than 10(4) for light of wavelength 500 nm at normal incidence.

Opposite effects of lipopolysaccharide and dextran sulfate on membrane phospholipid metabolism of murine B lymphocytes.

PubMed

Morelec, M J; Ensergueix, D; Pedron, T; Girard, R; Chaby, R

1988-02-01

The metabolism of [3H]inositol- and [14C]arachidonate-labeled phospholipids of B lymphocytes from normal (C3H/HePAS) and endotoxin-hyporesponsive (C3H/HeJ) mice, after incubation with two B cell mitogens, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and dextran sulfate (DxS) was examined. The early effects of the two mitogens on the biosynthesis of phosphoinositides were different. DxS enhanced the levels of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate and phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate in C3H/HeJ and C3H/HePAS cells, whereas LPS did not modify the levels of these components. When mixed with DxS, LPS reduced the effects of this stimulant. Analysis of the metabolism of fatty acids gave opposite results. Incorporation of arachidonate in all phospholipids, and particularly in phosphatidic acid, was inhibited in the two cell types after incubation with DxS, but was enhanced in C3H/HePAS and remained unchanged in C3H/HeJ cells after incubation with LPS. This activation of acyltransferases by LPS in B lymphocytes from endotoxin-responsive mice was inhibited when DxS was added in the stimulating mixture. The outcome of these opposite biochemical effects of LPS and DxS on the mitogenic responses of B cells was also examined. Preincubation with DxS for a 15-min period blocked the mitogenic effect of LPS in C3H/HePAS cells, whereas preincubation with LPS blocked the mitogenic effect of DxS in C3H/HeJ cells. Early changes in phospholipid metabolism induced by the two stimulants are therefore correlated with their late mitogenic effect.

Incipient rifting accompanied by the release of subcontinental lithospheric mantle volatiles in the Magadi and Natron basin, East Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hyunwoo; Fischer, Tobias P.; Muirhead, James D.; Ebinger, Cynthia J.; Kattenhorn, Simon A.; Sharp, Zachary D.; Kianji, Gladys; Takahata, Naoto; Sano, Yuji

2017-10-01

Geochemical investigations of volatiles in hydrothermal systems are used to understand heat sources and subsurface processes occurring at volcanic-tectonic settings. This study reports new results of gas chemistry and isotopes (O, H, N, C, and He) of thermal spring samples (T = 36.8-83.5 °C; pH = 8.5-10.3) from the Magadi and Natron basin (MNB) in the East African Rift (EAR). Although a number of thermal springs are shown to ascend along normal faults and feed into major lakes (Magadi, Little Magadi, and Natron), volatile sources and fluxes of these fluids are poorly constrained. CO2 is the most abundant phase (up to 996.325 mmol/mol), and the N2-He-Ar abundances show a mixture of dissolved gases from deep (mantle-derived) and shallow (air/air saturated water) sources. The H2-Ar-CH4-CO2 geothermometers indicate that equilibrium temperatures range from 100 to 150 °C. δ18O (- 4.4 to - 0.2‰) and δD (- 28.9 to - 3.9‰) values of the MNB thermal waters still lie slightly to the right of the local meteoric water lines, reflecting minor evaporation. Each mixing relationship of N2 (δ15N = - 1.5 to 0.4‰; N2/3He = 3.92 × 106-1.33 × 109, except for an anomalous biogenic sample (δ15N = 5.9‰)) and CO2 (δ13C = - 5.7 to 1.6‰; CO2/3He = 7.24 × 108-1.81 × 1011) suggests that the predominant mantle component of the MNB volatiles is Subcontinental Lithospheric Mantle (SCLM). However, N2 is mostly atmospheric, and minor CO2 is contributed by the limestone end-member. 3He/4He ratios (0.64-4.00 Ra) also indicate a contribution of SCLM (R/Ra = 6.1 ± 0.9), with radiogenic 4He derived from a crustal source (R/Ra = 0.02). The MNB 4He flux rates (3.64 × 1011 to 3.34 × 1014 atoms/m2 s) are significantly greater than the reported mean of global continental flux values (4.18 × 1010 atoms/m2 s), implying that magma intrusions could supply mantle 4He, and related heating and fracturing release crustal 4He from the Tanzanian craton and Mozambique belt. Total flux values (mol/yr) of 3He, N2, and CO2 are 8.18, 4.07 × 107, and 5.31 × 109, which are 1.28%, 2.04%, and 0.24% of global fluxes, respectively. Our results suggest that the primary source of magmatic volatiles in the MNB is SCLM, with additional crustal contributions, which is different from the KRV volatiles that have more asthenospheric mantle components. Volatiles from SCLM in magmas stall in the crust to heat and fracture country rock, with accompanying crustal volatile release. These volatile signatures reveal that MORB-type mantle replaces a relatively small volume of SCLM during incipient rifting (< 10 Ma) in the EAR.

Prevalence of penetration and aspiration on videofluoroscopy in normal individuals without dysphagia.

PubMed

Allen, Jacqui E; White, Cheryl J; Leonard, Rebecca J; Belafsky, Peter C

2010-02-01

To determine the prevalence of penetration and aspiration on videofluoroscopic swallow studies (VFSS) in normal individuals without dysphagia. Case series with planned data collection. A tertiary urban university hospital. Normal adult volunteers without dysphagia, neurological disease, or previous surgery underwent VFSS. Studies were recorded and then reviewed for evidence of penetration or aspiration. The degree of penetration was assessed with the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS). The effect of age, bolus size, and consistency was evaluated. A total of 149 VFSS (596 swallows) were reviewed. The mean age of the cohort was 57 years (+/-19 years); 56 percent were female. Only one (0.6%) individual aspirated on VFSS. Seventeen (11.4%) individuals demonstrated penetration. The mean PAS for the entire cohort was 1.17 (+/-0.66). Prevalence of penetration by swallow was 2.85 percent (17/596). Prevalence of penetration was 9.3 percent in elderly individuals aged >65 years and 14.3 percent in adults aged <65 years (P = 0.49). Prevalence of penetration on a liquid bolus was 3.4 percent (15/447) and on paste was 1.3 percent (2/149) (P > 0.05). Prevalence of penetration for a bolus <30 cc was 2.34 percent (7/298) and for a bolus >30 cc was 5.4 percent (8/149) (P > 0.05). Aspiration on VFSS is not a normal finding. Penetration is present in 11.4 percent of normal adults and is more common with a liquid bolus. Copyright 2010 American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Studies in Intelligence. Volume 52, Number 4, December 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Decline and Fall of the CIA by Melvin A. Goodmandies in Intelligence Vol. 52, No. 4 (Extracts, December 2008) i In the Common Defense: National...a visiting professor at the Department of War Stud- ies , King’s College London. He has been his government’s Security and Intelligence Coordinator...wide intelligence stud- ies literature. In their essay they will normally choose the one approach with which they have come to feel most com

175Hp contrarotating homopolar motor design report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cannell, Michael J.; Drake, John L.; McConnell, Richard A.; Martino, William R.

1994-06-01

A normally conducting contrarotating homopolar motor has been designed and constructed. The reaction torque, in the outer rotor, from the inner rotor is utilized to produce true contrarotation. The machine utilizes liquid cooled conductors, high performance liquid metal current collectors, and ferrous conductors in the active region. The basic machine output is 175 hp at + or - 1,200 rpm with an input of 4 volts and 35,000 amps.

Thermophysical Properties of Solid and Liquid Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boivineau, M.; Cagran, C.; Doytier, D.; Eyraud, V.; Nadal, M.-H.; Wilthan, B.; Pottlacher, G.

2006-03-01

Ti-6Al-4V (TA6V) titanium alloy is widely used in industrial applications such as aeronautic and aerospace due to its good mechanical properties at high temperatures. Experiments on two different resistive pulse heating devices (CEA Valduc and TU-Graz) have been carried out in order to study thermophysical properties (such as electrical resistivity, volume expansion, heat of fusion, heat capacity, normal spectral emissivity, thermal diffusivity, and thermal conductivity) of both solid and liquid Ti-6Al-4V. Fast time-resolved measurements of current, voltage, and surface radiation and shadowgraphs of the volume have been undertaken. At TU-Graz, a fast laser polarimeter has been used for determining the emissivity of liquid Ti-6Al-4V at 684.5 nm and a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) for measuring the heat capacity of solid Ti-6Al-4V. This study deals with the specific behavior of the different solid phase transitions (effect of heating rate) and the melting region, and emphasizes the liquid state ( T > 2000 K).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teixeira De Queiroz, F.

There is a game called languages and dreams. It is a game for a programmer alone. The sole objective is to determine which computing resources a programmer would most like to see become part of the language that he uses. Obviously every programmer wants new possibilities, but normally they do not get put down on paper. The author proposes a nesting system for parallel processing. 4 references.

Optimization protocol for the extraction of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol from Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade and improving antioxidant and anticancer activity using response surface methodology.

PubMed

Ghasemzadeh, Ali; Jaafar, Hawa Z E; Rahmat, Asmah

2015-07-30

Analysis and extraction of plant matrices are important processes for the development, modernization, and quality control of herbal formulations. Response surface methodology is a collection of statistical and mathematical techniques that are used to optimize the range of variables in various experimental processes to reduce the number of experimental runs, cost , and time, compared to other methods. Response surface methodology was applied for optimizing reflux extraction conditions for achieving high 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol contents, and high antioxidant activity in Zingiber officinale var. rubrum Theilade . The two-factor central composite design was employed to determine the effects of two independent variables, namely extraction temperature (X1: 50-80 °C) and time (X2: 2-4 h), on the properties of the extracts. The 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol contents were measured using ultra-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the rhizome extracts was determined by means of the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay. Anticancer activity of optimized extracts against HeLa cancer cell lines was measured using MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. Increasing the extraction temperature and time induced significant response of the variables. The optimum extraction condition for all responses was at 76.9 °C for 3.4 h. Under the optimum condition, the corresponding predicted response values for 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and the antioxidant activity were 2.89 mg/g DW, 1.85 mg/g DW, and 84.3%, respectively. 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol were extracted under optimized condition to check the viability of the models. The values were 2.92 and 1.88 mg/g DW, and 84.0% for 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, and the antioxidant activity respectively. The experimental values agreed with those predicted, thus indicating suitability of the models employed and the success of RSM in optimizing the extraction condition. With optimizing of reflux extraction anticancer activity of extracts against HeLa cancer cells enhanced about 16.8%. The half inhibition concentration (IC50) value of optimized and unoptimized extract was found at concentration of 20.9 and 38.4 μg/mL respectively. Optimized extract showed more distinct anticancer activities against HeLa cancer cells in a concentration of 40 μg/mL (P < 0.01) without toxicity to normal cells. The results indicated that the pharmaceutical quality of ginger could be improved significantly by optimizing of extraction process using response surface methodology.

Advances in cryogenic engineering. Vols. 35A & 35B - Proceedings of the 1989 Cryogenic Engineering Conference, University of California, Los Angeles, July 24-28, 1989

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fast, R. W.

The book presents a review of literature on superfluid helium, together with papers under the topics on heat and mass transfer in He II; applications of He II for cooling superconducting devices in space; heat transfer to liquid helium and liquid nitrogen; multilayer insulation; applications of superconductivity, including topics on magnets and other devices, magnet stability and coil protection, and cryogenic techniques; and refrigeration for electronics. Other topics discussed include refrigeration of superconducting systems; the expanders, cold compressors, and pumps for liquid helium; dilution refrigerators; magnetic refrigerators; pulse tube refrigerators; cryocoolers for space applications; properties of cryogenic fluids; cryogenic instrumentation; hyperconducting devices (cryogenic magnets); cryogenic applications in space science and technology and in transportation; and miscellaneous cryogenic techniques and applications.

Hair analysis of histamine and several metabolites in C3H/HeNCrj mice by ultra performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-TOF-MS): influence of hair cycle and age.

PubMed

Kawanishi, Hiroki; Toyo'oka, Toshimasa; Ito, Kenichi; Maeda, Munenori; Hamada, Tomoji; Fukushima, Takeshi; Kato, Masaru; Inagaki, Shinsuke

2007-03-01

According to a previous study, the concentration of HA in the hair of SD rats was similar in each rat and the variation in HA concentration was not so great. However, the concentration in human hair was fairly different in each person. As possible reasons for the higher variation in human hair, the differences in hair cycles and age in each person may be considerable. Based on this idea, the studies using C3H/HeNCrj mice who can synchronize their hair cycle were performed for resolution of the influence of hair cycle and age. The effects of hair cycle and age on the concentration of histamine (HA) and several metabolites, i.e., 1-methylhistamine (MHA), imidazole-4-acetic acid (IAA), and 1-methyl-4-imidazole-acetic acid (MIAA), in C3H/HeNCrj mice hair were investigated by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) with electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-TOF-MS). HA and the metabolites were labeled with 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-F) and 4-(N,N-dimethylaminosulfonyl)-7-piperazino-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole (DBD-PZ). The resulting derivatives were separated by UPLC and determined with ESI-TOF-MS. A good linearity was achieved from the calibration curves, obtained by plotting the peak area ratios of the analytes relative to the internal standard (IS), i.e., histamine-alpha,alpha,beta,beta-d4 (HA-d4) or 4-imidazolecarboxylic acid (ICA), against the injected amounts of each compound. The detection limits of HA, MHA, IAA, and MIAA on mass chromatograms were 0.21, 1.0, 0.17, and 0.11 pmol, respectively. The concentrations of HA and the metabolites in the hair shafts and hair root of C3H/HeNCrj mice were determined by this method. The concentration of HA in the hair shaft was relatively higher in the telogen phase. In contrast, the HA content in the anagen phase was increased only in the hair root of old mice. HA appears to possess some effect on hair growth, although the exact reason was not obvious. The HA metabolites, i.e., MHA, MIAA and IAA, were also determined the same as HA; however, the difference in the metabolite concentrations between the hair cycle and age was not clear in both hair shaft and hair root. Such studies of the effect of hair cycle and age on these concentrations are the first report. This analytical technique may be applicable to the determination of various biological compounds in hair.

Early diagnosis and treatment of cobalamin deficiency of infancy owing to occult maternal pernicious anemia.

PubMed

Banka, Siddharth; Roberts, Ruth; Plews, Dianne; Newman, William G

2010-05-01

We report case of an infant who presented with failure to thrive and developmental delay at 4 months of age. He was diagnosed to have vitamin B12 deficiency and antibodies to intrinsic factor secondary to undiagnosed maternal pernicious anemia. The child was treated with hydroxocobalamin and now at 2 years of age, he is developing and growing within normal range. We review the literature on this rare cause of cobalamin deficiency in infants. We highlight the factors determining the outcome and situations where raised index of suspicion could help in recognizing this preventable cause of developmental delay and learning difficulties.

Robert N. Butler, MD (January 21, 1927-July 4, 2010): visionary leader.

PubMed

Achenbaum, W Andrew

2014-02-01

The career and accomplishments of Dr. Robert N. Butler highlight the history of postwar gerontology and geriatrics here and abroad. Butler was an idea broker: He introduced "life review" as a therapeutic intervention and coined "ageism." Butler was the only researcher on aging to win a Pulitzer Prize or long after normal retirement lay the foundations for a new gerontology. Butler was an institution builder: he served as first director of the National Institute on Aging, created the first department of geriatric medicine in the United States, and mobilized support here and abroad for global aging. His legacy provides much for successive generations to emulate and enhance.

Rocket-borne submillimeter radiometer.

PubMed

Lange, A E; Hayakawa, S; Matsumoto, T; Matsuo, H; Murakami, H; Richards, P L; Sato, S

1987-01-15

We report the performance of a rocket-borne absolute radiometer which was designed to measure the diffuse brightness of the sky in six passbands between 100 microm and 1 mm. The radiometer consisted of a horn antenna and a photometer, both of which were cooled to 1.2 K by liquid (4)He. The performance of the instrument was satisfactory, but no astrophysical data were obtained during the flight because a lid covering the horn antenna failed to pen. Another flight of a similar apparatus is planned for 1986.

Superfluid Black Holes.

PubMed

Hennigar, Robie A; Mann, Robert B; Tjoa, Erickson

2017-01-13

We present what we believe is the first example of a "λ-line" phase transition in black hole thermodynamics. This is a line of (continuous) second order phase transitions which in the case of liquid ^{4}He marks the onset of superfluidity. The phase transition occurs for a class of asymptotically anti-de Sitter hairy black holes in Lovelock gravity where a real scalar field is conformally coupled to gravity. We discuss the origin of this phase transition and outline the circumstances under which it (or generalizations of it) could occur.

Superfluid Black Holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hennigar, Robie A.; Mann, Robert B.; Tjoa, Erickson

2017-01-01

We present what we believe is the first example of a "λ -line" phase transition in black hole thermodynamics. This is a line of (continuous) second order phase transitions which in the case of liquid 4He marks the onset of superfluidity. The phase transition occurs for a class of asymptotically anti-de Sitter hairy black holes in Lovelock gravity where a real scalar field is conformally coupled to gravity. We discuss the origin of this phase transition and outline the circumstances under which it (or generalizations of it) could occur.

Impurity self-energy in the strongly-correlated Bose systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panochko, Galyna; Pastukhov, Volodymyr; Vakarchuk, Ivan

2018-02-01

We proposed the nonperturbative scheme for the calculation of the impurity spectrum in the Bose system at zero temperature. The method is based on the path-integral formulation and describes an impurity as a zero-density ideal Fermi gas interacting with Bose system for which the action is written in terms of density fluctuations. On the example of the 3He atom immersed in the liquid helium-4 a good consistency with experimental data and results of Monte Carlo simulations is shown.

Study on acute toxicity of compound coggygria oral liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Feng; Wen, Zhonghua; Sun, Jianhua; Hao, Shaojun; Xie, Guoqi; Li, Xianyu; Zhang, Zhengchen

2018-04-01

To observe the effect of compound oral liquid on acute toxicity of mice cotinus coggygria. Forty mice were randomly divided into two groups: compound Cotinus coggygria oral solution group and blank control group, 20 rats in each group, half male and half female. The mice fasted for 12 hours. Coggygria oral liquid concentrated solution. In the blank control group, normal saline was administered at the maximum volume of 0.4ml/10 g. The mice were given normal diet for 4 consecutive times in 1st, each time at intervals of 6 hours. On the day of administration, the mice in each group were observed continuously after administration and after administration. Observe continuously for 3 hours, observe every hour thereafter. Fast on the 13th day 12 hours, weigh the mice on the 14th day, then kill the mice, dissect the mice. During the observation period of 14 days after administration, there was no death in mice. The activity of mice decreased slightly after initial administration, decreased after the second and third administration, and generally returned to normal after 2h of administration. No abnormalities of heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, stomach, brain and so on were observed. Conclusion: the oral toxicity of compound Cotinus coggygria is very small. In 1st, the mice did not die, and the cumulative maximum tolerance dose was 320ml/kg per day, which was 320 times of the clinical dosage.

Integration of Cell Phone Imaging with Microchip ELISA to Detect Ovarian Cancer HE4 Biomarker in Urine at the Point-of-Care

PubMed Central

Wang, ShuQi; Zhao, Xiaohu; Khimji, Imran; Akbas, Ragip; Qiu, Weiliang; Edwards, Dale; Cramer, Daniel W.; Ye, Bin; Demirci, Utkan

2013-01-01

Ovarian cancer is asymptomatic at early stages and most patients present with advanced levels of disease. Lack of cost-effective methods that can achieve frequent, simple and non-invasive testing hinders early detection and causes high mortality in ovarian cancer patients. Here, we report a simple and inexpensive microchip ELISA-based detection module that employs a portable detection system, i.e., a cell phone/charge-coupled device (CCD) to quantify an ovarian cancer biomarker, HE4, in urine. Integration of a mobile application with a cell phone enabled immediate processing of microchip ELISA results, which eliminated the need for a bulky, expensive spectrophotometer. The HE4 level detected by a cell phone or a lensless CCD system was significantly elevated in urine samples from cancer patients (n = 19) than normal healthy controls (n = 20) (p < 0.001). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses showed that the microchip ELISA coupled with a cell phone running an automated analysis application had a sensitivity of 89.5% at a specificity of 90%. Under the same specificity, the microchip ELISA coupled with a CCD had a sensitivity of 84.2%. In conclusion, integration of microchip ELISA with cell phone/CCD-based colorimetric measurement technology can be used to detect HE4 biomarker at the point-of-care (POC), paving the way to create bedside technologies for diagnostics and treatment monitoring. PMID:21881677

Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle

PubMed Central

Wolfe, Lynne A.; He, Miao; Vockley, Jerry; Payne, Nicole; Rhead, William; Hoppel, Charles; Spector, Elaine; Gernert, Kim; Gibson, K. Michael

2014-01-01

We describe a 22-year-old male who developed severe hypoglycemia and lethargy during an acute illness at 4 months of age and subsequently grew and developed normally. At age 4 years he developed recurrent vomiting with mild hyperammonemia and dehydration requiring frequent hospitalizations. Glutaric aciduria Type II was suspected based upon biochemical findings and managed with cornstarch, carnitine and riboflavin supplements. He did not experience metabolic crises between ages 4-12 years. He experienced recurrent vomiting, mild hyperammonemia, and generalized weakness associated with acute illnesses and growth spurts. At age 18 years, he developed exercise intolerance and proximal muscle weakness leading to the identification of multiple acyl-CoAdehydrogenase and complex II/III deficiencies in both skeletal muscle and liver. Subsequent molecular characterization of the ETFDH gene revealed novel heterozygous mutations, p.G274X:c.820 G>T (exon 7) and p.P534L: c.1601 C>T (exon 12), the latter within the iron sulfur-cluster and predicted to affect ubiquinone reductase activity of ETFDH and the docking of ETF to ETFDH. Our case supports the concept of a structural interaction between ETFDH and other enzyme partners, and suggests that the conformational change upon ETF binding to ETFDH may play a key role in linking ETFDH to II/III super-complex formation. PMID:21088898

Novel ETF dehydrogenase mutations in a patient with mild glutaric aciduria type II and complex II-III deficiency in liver and muscle.

PubMed

Wolfe, Lynne A; He, Miao; Vockley, Jerry; Payne, Nicole; Rhead, William; Hoppel, Charles; Spector, Elaine; Gernert, Kim; Gibson, K Michael

2010-12-01

We describe a 22-year-old male who developed severe hypoglycemia and lethargy during an acute illness at 4 months of age and subsequently grew and developed normally. At age 4 years he developed recurrent vomiting with mild hyperammonemia and dehydration requiring frequent hospitalizations. Glutaric aciduria Type II was suspected based upon biochemical findings and managed with cornstarch, carnitine and riboflavin supplements. He did not experience metabolic crises between ages 4-12 years. He experienced recurrent vomiting, mild hyperammonemia, and generalized weakness associated with acute illnesses and growth spurts. At age 18 years, he developed exercise intolerance and proximal muscle weakness leading to the identification of multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase and complex II/III deficiencies in both skeletal muscle and liver. Subsequent molecular characterization of the ETFDH gene revealed novel heterozygous mutations, p.G274X:c.820 G > T (exon 7) and p.P534L: c.1601 C > T (exon 12), the latter within the iron sulfur-cluster and predicted to affect ubiquinone reductase activity of ETFDH and the docking of ETF to ETFDH. Our case supports the concept of a structural interaction between ETFDH and other enzyme partners, and suggests that the conformational change upon ETF binding to ETFDH may play a key role in linking ETFDH to II/III super-complex formation.

[Case of cerebral venous thrombosis due to graves' disease with increased factor VIII activity].

PubMed

Kasuga, Kensaku; Naruse, Satoshi; Umeda, Maiko; Tanaka, Midori; Fujita, Nobuya

2006-04-01

A 39 year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of severe headache with fever continuing over two weeks. Three days after admission he developed aphasia and right hemiparesis, when his CT revealed subarachnoid hemorrhage at the left sylvian fissure. He was diagnosed as suffering from cerebral venous thrombosis because empty delta sign was positive on the enhanced brain CT. Suprasagittal sinus and bilateral transverse sinuses were not detected on the cerebral angiography. He was also diagnosed as having Graves' disease for the first time on the basis of free T3 13.56 pg/ml, free T4 4.65 ng/dl, TSH < 0.01 IU/ml, anti-TSH receptor antibody 4.3 IU/l, and thyroid stimulating antibody 224%. On the examination, homocystine and activities of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S were normal. Antinculear, anti-DNA, anti-Sm, anticardiolipin beta2GP-I antibodies, and PR3ANCA were negative. Factor VIII activity, however, markedly increased over 300%, which has been known to increase in the cases of hyperthyroidism. He recovered well after the treatment with thiamazole in addition to warfarin followed by intravenous heparin. There are only six cases of cerebral venous thrombosis due to hyperthyroidism with increased factor VIII level. All of those cases were female, and 5 of them were taking oral contraceptives. This is a first Japanese male case.

Anticancer and antibacterial secondary metabolites from the endophytic fungus Penicillium sp. CAM64 against multi-drug resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

PubMed

Jouda, Jean-Bosco; Tamokou, Jean-de-Dieu; Mbazoa, Céline Djama; Sarkar, Prodipta; Bag, Prasanta Kumar; Wandji, Jean

2016-09-01

The emergence of multiple-drug resistance bacteria has become a major threat and thus calls for an urgent need to search for new effective and safe anti-bacterial agents. This study aims to evaluate the anticancer and antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from Penicillium sp., an endophytic fungus associated with leaves of Garcinia nobilis. The culture filtrate from the fermentation of Penicillium sp. was extracted and analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the major metabolites were isolated and identified by spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with published data. The antibacterial activity of the compounds was assessed by broth microdilution method while the anticancer activity was determined by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. The fractionation of the crude extract afforded penialidin A-C (1-3), citromycetin (4), p-hydroxyphenylglyoxalaldoxime (5) and brefelfin A (6). All of the compounds tested here showed antibacterial activity (MIC = 0.50 - 128 µg/mL) against Gramnegative multi-drug resistance bacteria, Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of dreadful disease cholera) and Shigella flexneri (causative agent of shigellosis), as well as the significant anticancer activity (LC 50 = 0.88 - 9.21 µg/mL) against HeLa cells. The results obtained indicate that compounds 1-6 showed good antibacterial and anticancer activities with no toxicity to human red blood cells and normal Vero cells.

Electro-optic characteristics of 4-domain vertical alignment nematic liquid crystal display with interdigital electrode

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, S. H.; Jeong, Y. H.; Kim, H. Y.; Cho, H. M.; Lee, W. G.; Lee, S. H.

2000-06-01

We have fabricated a vertically aligned 4-domain nematic liquid crystal display cell with thin film transistor. Unlike the conventional method constructing 4-domain, i.e., protrusion and surrounding electrode which needs additional processes, in this study the pixel design forming 4-domain with interdigital electrodes is suggested. In the device, one pixel is divided into two parts. One part has a horizontal electric field in the vertical direction and the other part has a horizontal one in the horizontal direction. Such fields in the horizontal and vertical direction drive the liquid crystal director to tilt down in four directions. In this article, the electro-optic characteristics of cells with 2 and 4 domain have been studied. The device with 4 domain shows faster response time than normal twisted-nematic and in-plane switching cells, wide viewing angle with optical compensation film, and more stable color characteristics than 2-domain vertical alignment cell with similar structure.

Hb Molfetta [beta126(H4)Val-->Leu, GTG-->CTG]: a new, silent, neutral beta chain variant found in an Italian woman.

PubMed

Qualtieri, Antonio; Le, Pera Maria; Pedace, Vera; Magariello, Angela; Brancati, Carlo

2002-02-01

We have identified a new neutral hemoglobin variant in a pregnant Italian woman, that resulted from a GTG-->CTG replacement at codon 126 of the beta chain, corresponding to a Val-->Leu amino acid change at position beta126(H4). Thermal and isopropanol stability tests were normal and there were no abnormal clinical features. Routine electrophoretic and ion exchange chromatographic methods for hemoglobin separation failed to show this variant, but reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography revealed an abnormal peak eluting near the normal beta chain. No abnormal tryptic peptide was revealed on the high performance liquid chromatographic elution pattern of the total globin digest. The mutation was determined at the DNA level by amplification of the three beta exons by polymerase chain reaction and direct sequencing of one exon that showed an abnormal migration on single strand conformational polymorphism analysis.

Thermodynamics of dilute 3He-4He solid solutions with hcp structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chishko, K. A.

2018-02-01

To interpret the anomalies in heat capacity CV(T) and temperature-dependent pressure P(T) of solid hexagonal close-packed (hcp) 4He we exploit the model of hcp crystalline polytype with specific lattice degrees of freedom and describe the thermodynamics of impurity-free 4He solid as superposition of phononic and polytypic contributions. The hcp-based polytype is a stack of 2D basal atomic monolayers on triangular lattice packed with arbitrary long (up to infinity) spatial period along the hexagonal c axis perpendicular to the basal planes. It is a crystal with perfect ordering along the layers, but without microscopic translational symmetry in perpendicular direction (which remains, nevertheless, the rotational crystallographic axis of third order, so that the polytype can be considered as semidisordered system). Each atom of the hcp polytype has twelve crystallographic neighbors in both first and second coordination spheres at any arbitrary packing order. It is shown that the crystal of such structure behaves as anisotropic elastic medium with specific dispersion law of phonon excitations along c axis. The free energy and the heat capacity consist of two terms: one of them is a normal contribution [with CV(T) ˜ T3] from phonon excitations in an anisotropic lattice of hexagonal symmetry, and another term (an "excessive" heat) is a contribution resulted by packing entropy from quasi-one-dimensional system of 2D basal planes on triangular lattice stacked randomly along c axis without braking the closest pack between neighboring atomic layers. The excessive part of the free energy has been treated within 1D quasi-Ising (lattice gas) model using the transfer matrix approach. This model makes us possible to interpret successfully the thermodynamic anomaly (heat capacity peak in hcp 4He) observed experimentally.

[Toxicity and influencing factors of liquid chlorine on chironomid larvae].

PubMed

Sun, Xing-Bin; Cui, Fu-Yi; Zhang, Jin-Song; Guo, Zhao-Hai; Xu, Feng; Liu, Li-Jun

2005-09-01

The excessive propagation of Chironomid larvae (red worm) in the sedimentation tanks is a difficult problem for the normal function of waterworks. The toxic effect of liquid chlorine on the different instar larvae of Chironomid was studied using distilled water as test sample. Furthermore, the effect of pH value, organic matter content, ammonia nitrogen, and algae content on toxicity of liquid chlorine was observed. The results show that the tolerance of Chironomid larvae to liquid chlorine is strengthened with the increase in instar. The 24h semi-lethal concentration (LC50) of liquid chlorine to the 4th instar larvae of Chironomid is 3.39 mg/L. Low pH value and high algae content are helpful to improve the toxic effect of liquid chlorine to Chironomid larvae. In neutral water body, the increase in organic matter content results in the decrease in the death rate of Chironomid larvae. The toxicity of liquid chlorine differs greatly in different concentrations of ammonia nitrogen. The death rate of the 4th instar larvae of Chironomid in raw water is higher by contrast with that in sedimentation tanks water for 24h disposal with various amount of liquid chlorine.

Effect of 60 degrees head-down tilt on peripheral gas mixing in the human lung.

PubMed

Olfert, I Mark; Prisk, G Kim

2004-09-01

The phase III slope of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in a single-breath washout (SBW) is greater than that of helium (He) under normal gravity (i.e., 1G), thus resulting in a positive SF6-He slope difference. In microgravity (microG), SF6-He slope difference is smaller because of a greater fall in the phase III slope of SF6 than He. We sought to determine whether increasing thoracic fluid volume using 60 degrees head-down tilt (HDT) in 1G would produce a similar effect to microG on phase III slopes of SF6 and He. Single-breath vital capacity (SBW) and multiple-breath washout (MBW) tests were performed before, during, and 60 min after 1 h of HDT. Compared with baseline (SF6 1.050 +/- 0.182%/l, He 0.670 +/- 0.172%/l), the SBW phase III slopes for both SF6 and He tended to decrease during HDT, reaching nadir at 30 min (SF6 0.609 +/- 0.211%/l, He 0.248 +/- 0.138%/l; P = 0.08 and P = 0.06, respectively). In contrast to microG, the magnitude of the phase III slope decrease was similar for both SF6 and He; therefore, no change in SF6-He slope difference was observed. MBW analysis revealed a decrease in normalized phase III slopes at all time points during HDT, for both SF6 (P < 0.01) and He (P < 0.01). This decrease was due to changes in the acinar, and not the conductive, component of the normalized phase III slope. These findings support the notion that changes in thoracic fluid volume alter ventilation distribution in the lung periphery but also demonstrate that the effect during HDT does not wholly mimic that observed in microG.

[A case of pervasive developmental disorder with chromosomal translocation (X; 4) (p11; q13)].

PubMed

Azzoni, A; Raja, M

2006-01-01

Chromosomal aberrations, with or without congenital physical abnormalities, have been frequently found associated with neuropsychiatric disorders, including mental retardation, psychosis, autism, and criminal behaviour. The meaning of the association frequently remains unclear. However, consistent findings of association between specific chromosomal abnormalities and clinical phenotype may provide evidence of a causal relationship and shed light on the pathogenesis of obscure disorders. Here, we present the case of a 28 year-old, Caucasian male affected by pervasive developmental disorder, associated with chromosomal translocation 46, XY, t (X; 4) (p11; q13), and abnormal facial features. A few days after birth, the patient was taken away from his parents and adopted for unknown reasons. No information is available about his biological relatives. Mild delay in the development of spoken language was reported. Since early childhood, the patient's behaviour was characterized by troublesome relationship with his parents and his fellows, and persistent violation of norms and rules at home and at school. Consequently, social and school functioning was poor. When he was eight, verbal and motor stereotypy appeared for the first time. As an adolescent, he was more and more aggressive. He exhibited countless episodes of rage and verbal and physical aggressiveness. After he had completed secondary school, his way of life was chaotic. He got into the habit of staying away from home, sleeping in the day and vagabonding at night. He began to abuse alcohol. Grandiosity and persecutory delusions became evident. He claimed to hate the Vatican, the Pope, and the Polish people and to be the Devil, the Antichrist. He feared that his food was poisoned by his mother and refused to eat at home any more. He loved to remain in a cage with two wild dogs, accumulating and keeping bottles full of his urine. He often engaged in violent fights in the street with tramps and foreigners. Finally, he was involuntary admitted to a psychiatric intensive care unit. He was hostile, uncooperative, and violent. Magnetic resonance imaging of brain was normal, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale IQ score was 96 (total), 108 (verbal), 80 (non verbal), and Standard Progressive Matrices score was 44/60, chromosomal examination [banding R (RBG)] revealed an apparently balanced translocation 46, XY, t (X; 4) (p11; q13). The patient was treated with risperidone (8 mg/day) and valproate (1500-2000 mg/day) with improvement. Psychotic symptoms, hostility and violence vanished. Amazingly, his behaviour and attitude became normal. Very early onset of symptoms, absence of negative signs, and dysmorphic features suggesting an underlying medical disease do not support the diagnosis of schizophrenia. The diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, not otherwise specified, could be made, considering the delay in the development of spoken language, the large discordance between verbal and non verbal WAIS IQ score, the presence of stereotypy, abnormal facial features, and motor clumsiness. The late onset of symptoms precludes the diagnosis of autism, while the delay in language does not permit the diagnosis of Asperger's disorder. The lack of information on his biological relatives did not permit us to assess the presence of genetic, physical or mental abnormalities in his family. Therefore, the causal relationship between the chromosomal translocation and the psychiatric disorder is uncertain in this patient. Similar genetic abnormalities found in patients affected by neuropsychiatric disorders could confirm an etiological link.

Anticancer potential of new steroidal thiazolidin-4-one derivatives. Mechanisms of cytotoxic action and effects on angiogenesis in vitro.

PubMed

Živković, Marijana B; Matić, Ivana Z; Rodić, Marko V; Novaković, Irena T; Krivokuća, Ana M; Sladić, Dušan M; Krstić, Natalija M

2017-11-01

The synthesis and cytotoxic activities determination of new steroidal mono- and bis(thiazolidin-4-ones) 4a-f and 5a-f have been performed. Their anticancer action was also evaluated in comparison to previously synthesized and reported corresponding steroidal thiosemicarbazones. All compounds were obtained as stereoisomeric mixtures with different configuration (E or Z) in the hydrazone moiety at the C-3 position. After several consecutive crystallizations diastereomerically pure major (E)-isomers of mono-thiazolidin-4-ones were isolated. The structure and stereochemistry of 2,4-thiazolidinedione,2-[(17-oxoandrost-4-en-3-ylidene)hydrazone] were confirmed by X-ray analysis. A pathway for the formation of thiazolidin-4-one ring was proposed. The steroid thiazolidinone derivatives examined in this study exerted selective concentration-dependent cytotoxic activities on six tested malignant cell lines. Ten out of twelve examined compounds exhibited strong cytotoxic effects on K562 cells (IC 50 values from 8.5μM to 14.9μM), eight on HeLa cells (IC 50 values ranging from 8.9μM to 15.1μM) while against MDA-MB-361 cells six compouds exerted similar or even higher cytotoxic action (IC 50 values from 12.7μM to 25.6μM) than cisplatin (21.5μM) which served as a positive control. Eight of these ten compounds showed high selectivity in the cytotoxic action against HeLa and K562 cancer cell lines when compared with normal human fibroblasts MRC-5 and normal human PBMC. The study of mechanisms of the anticancer activity of the two selected compounds, mono- and bis(thiazolidin-4-one) derivatives of 19-norandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione 4a and 5a, revealed that both of these compounds induced apoptosis in HeLa cells through extrinsic and intrinsic signalling pathways. Treatment of EA.hy926 cells with sub-toxic concentrations of these compounds led to the inhibition of cell connecting and sprouting, and tube formation. The synthesized compounds exhibited poor antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Can Patients Who Develop Cerebral Death in Fulminant Liver Failure Despite Liver Transplantation Be Previously Forseen?

PubMed

Sarici, K B; Karakas, S; Otan, E; Ince, V; Koc, C; Koc, S; Bayraktar, H; Aydin, C; Kayaalp, C; Gungor, S; Kablan, Y; Yilmaz, S

2017-04-01

The outcome of medical treatment is worse in fulminant liver failure (FLF) developing on acute or chronic ground. Recently, liver transplantations with the use of living and cadaveric donors have been performed in these diseases and good results obtained. In this study, we aimed to present the factors affecting the recovery of cerebral functions after liver transplantation in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) developing in FLF, to identify irreversible patient groups and to prevent unnecessary liver transplantation. In Inonu University's Liver Transplant Institute, 69 patients who made an emergency notice to the National Coordination Center for liver transplantation owing to FLF from January 2012 to December 2015 were included in the study. Patients were divided into 2 groups. Group 1 consisted of 52 patients who underwent liver transplantation and recovered normal brain function, and group 2 had 17 patients who underwent liver transplantation and did not recover normal brain function and had cerebral death. All patients were evaluated before surgery for clinical encephalopathy stage, light reflex, and convulsions. Groups were compared and assessed according to age (>40, 10-40 and <10 years), body mass index, etiologic factor, preoperative laboratory values, transplantation type, mortality, and encephalopathy level. Multivariate analysis was done for specific parameters. Prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), and total bilirubin values were significantly different between the groups. There was no significant difference between the groups regarding ammonia and lactate levels. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups regarding sodium and potassium levels from serum electrolytes. However, the averages of both groups were within normal limits. pH and total bilirubin levels were meaningful for multivariate analysis. HE reversibility, mortality, and morbidity are important in patients with HE who undergo liver transplantation. Therefore, West Haven clinical staging and serum INR, PT, and total bilirubin level may be helpful in predicting the reversibility of FLF patients with HE before liver transplantation. It was determined that West Haven encephalopathy grading is important in determining the reversibility of HE after transplantation in FLF; especially the probability of reversibility of stage 4 HE decreases significantly. High PT and INR levels, hyperbilirubinemia, and serum sodium and potassium concentrations were risk factors for the reversibility of HE in this study. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Corresponding states correlation for temperature dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Huili; Tian, Jianxiang

2014-07-01

A new simple correlation based on the principle of corresponding state is proposed to estimate the temperature-dependent surface tension of normal saturated liquids. The correlation is a linear one and strongly stands for 41 saturated normal liquids. The new correlation requires only the triple point temperature, triple point surface tension and critical point temperature as input and is able to represent the experimental surface tension data for these 41 saturated normal liquids with a mean absolute average percent deviation of 1.26% in the temperature regions considered. For most substances, the temperature covers the range from the triple temperature to the one beyond the boiling temperature.

Measurements of the differential cross sections for recoil tritons in 4He- 3T scattering at energies between 0.5 and 2.5 MeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sawicki, J. A.

1988-03-01

Differential cross-sections for recoil detection of tritons from elastic scattering of α-particles on tritium were measured at forward recoil angles from 10° and 40° and over incident 4He energies ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 MeV. Thin solid state targets consisted of about 10 16T {at.}/{cm 2} either absorbed in a thin film of titanium or implanted at low energy in the matrix of amorphous silicon. The recoil yields were normalized against the yields of the T(d, α)n reaction measured on the same targets. It is found that the cross sections obtained are considerably enhanced as compared to the Rutherford recoil cross section, what can be attributed to the combined effect of Coulomb and nuclear potentials and formation of compound 7Li nuclei. The applications of the elastic recoil detection as a means for depth profiling of tritium in materials are briefly considered. The measured dependence of the triton recoil cross section on the incident energy of 4He + ions allows profiling the concentration of tritium across a range ˜ l μm below the surface of solids.

Preface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benage, J. F.; Dufty, J. W.; Murillo, M. S.

2003-06-01

This special issue contains papers presented at the International Conference on Strongly Coupled Coulomb Systems (SCCS) which was held during the week of 2--6 September 2002 in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It was the ninth in a series of conferences starting in 1977 in Orléans-la-Source, France as a summer institute. The second in the series was a workshop held in Les Houches in 1982. The conferences were then held in the following order: Santa Cruz, California in 1986, Tokyo, Japan in 1989, Rochester, USA in 1992, Binz, Germany in 1995, Boston, USA in 1997 and St Malo, France in 1999. The planned frequency for the future is every three years. The purpose of these conferences is to provide an international forum for the presentation and discussion of research accomplishments and ideas relating to plasma, liquid and condensed systems dominated by strong Coulomb interactions between their constituents. Strongly coupled Coulomb systems encompass diverse many-body systems and physical conditions. Each meeting has seen an evolution of topics and emphasis as new discoveries and new methods appear. This year, sessions were organized for invited presentations and posters on dense plasmas, colloids, condensed matter, two-dimensional systems, astrophysics, dense hydrogen, ultra-cold plasmas, traps and beams, dusty plasmas, clusters, kinetic theory and statistical mechanics. Within each area new results from theory, simulation and experiment were presented. In addition, a special panel discussion was held one evening to explore the questions which continue to be posed by the experiments on and modelling of dense hydrogen. As this special issue illustrates, the field remains vibrant and challenging, being driven to a great extent by new experimental tools and access to new strongly coupled conditions. This is illustrated by the inclusion of developments in the area of beams, traps, plasma crystals and ultra-cold plasmas. In total, 105 participants from 13 countries attended the conference, including 34 invited speakers. Unfortunately, some international speakers could not attend due to problems with obtaining visas, and we deeply regret the difficulties and lost opportunities. These individuals and all others giving presentations at the conference, including invited plenary and topical talks and posters, were asked to contribute to this special issue and most have done so. We trust that this special issue will accurately record the contents of the conference, and provide a valuable resource for researchers in this rapidly evolving field. We would like to thank all members of the International Advisory Board for their contributions to the conference. In particular, we thank Chairman Jean-Pierre Hansen for his diligent work at coordinating the International Advisory Board, the Programme Committee and the Local Organizing Committee. Of course, nothing would have been possible without the dedicated efforts of the Local Organizing Committee. We wish to thank the Los Alamos National Laboratory (Theoretical, Physics, Applied Physics, Materials Science and Technology divisions) and Sandia National Laboratory (Pulsed Power Sciences) for sponsoring this conference. We also gratefully acknowledge the administrative support we received from Marianna Martinez, Marion Hutton and Ellie Vigil of Los Alamos National Laboratory, all of whom were major contributors to the success of the conference. John F Benage, James W Dufty and Michael S Murillo Guest Editors Please see PDF for photograph of conference participants. Local Organizing Committee J F Benage Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA M Desjarlais Sandia National Laboratory, USA G J Kalman Boston College, USA J Kress Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA M S Murillo Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA G Ortiz Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA J Weisheit Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA SCCS International Advisory Board A Alastuey Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France D Andelman Tel Aviv University, Israel N W Ashcroft Cornell University, USA J Bollinger NIST, Boulder, USA J-M Caillol Université Paris XI, France D M Ceperley University of Illinois, USA G Chabrier Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, France J Clerouin CEA Bruyeres-le-Chatel, France S das Sarma University of Maryland, USA A DeSilva University of Maryland, USA H DeWitt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA D Dubin University of California, USA J Dufty University of Florida, USA W Ebeling Humboldt University, Germany V Filinov Institute of High Temperature Physics, Russia M Fisher University of Maryland, USA V E Fortov Institute of High Temperature Physics, Russia K Golden University of Vermont, USA J-P Hansen Cambridge University, UK F Hensel Philipps-Universität, Germany G Kalman Boston College, USA W Kohn University of California, USA H Lowen University of Dusseldorf, Germany G Morfill Max Planck Institute of Extraterrestrial Physics, Germany D Neilson University of New South Wales, Australia G Patey University of British Columbia, Canada F Peeters University of Antwerp, Germany D Pines Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA G Roepke University of Rostock, Germany M Rosenberg University of California, USA Y Rosenfeld Negev Nuclear Research Center, Israel M Schlanges University of Greifswald, Germany G Senatore University of Trieste, France H Totsuji Okayama University, Japan J Weisheit Los Alamos National Laboratory, USA Obituary Forty years of plasma line broadening---in memory of Professor Charles Hooper Jr Our friend and colleague, Charles Hooper Jr, died on 5 May 2002 after a long illness and a valiant battle against it. This presentation is a brief look back at the issues in plasma line broadening over the past forty years, and the contributions to them by Chuck and his students. Chuck graduated from Dartmouth College in 1954. He served in the US Navy for two years before receiving a PhD from Johns Hopkins University in 1963. He then joined the faculty at the University of Florida where his first two papers were written on `Electric microfield distributions in plasmas' and `Relaxation theory of spectral line broadening in plasma'. These two topics were the focus of his research for the next four decades. A personal perspective on the primary problems in this field for each decade is presented here to highlight the many contributions from his research programme. Chuck was particularly proud of the seventeen PhD students who graduated during this time, most of whom are still active in line broadening and related areas. During the early 1970s he recognized the importance of laser fusion and was a strong protagonist for US investment in this area at the national laboratories. He became a leader in this field through his continuing work on spectroscopy as the primary diagnostic tool for laser-produced plasmas. As such Chuck served on several advisory panels at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and Los Alamos National Laboratory. He was also co-organizer of a series of conferences on radiative and atomic processes in dense plasmas for the past twenty years. His most recent research has been in collaboration with the University of Rochester Laser Laboratory where he designed and analysed experiments on laser-produced plasmas. The Department of Energy has continuously supported his research since 1974. Less well-known to the plasma community are Chuck's successes as Chairman of the Physics Department at the University of Florida from 1979--86. He initiated a new phase of growth in many science departments at both the University of Florida and Florida State University through his statewide cross-disciplinary Microfabritec programme, bringing significant new funds and faculty lines to physics and materials sciences. He was recognized with The Distinguished Service Award from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory in 2000 as founder and former director of that programme. The field of plasma line broadening has lost one of its most dedicated and enthusiastic spokesmen. His colleagues will miss a cheerful and personable friend, and will remember well his irrefutable response to disagreement, `I am not convinced...'. James W Dufty Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 Obituary In Memorium: Dr Yaakov (Yasha) Rosenfeld Dr Yaakov Rosenfeld (16 February 1948-21 July 2002) In his research life, all too brief, Yasha Rosenfeld notably enriched and significantly advanced an area of physics which is still one of the more challenging fields in the expanding pantheon of the condensed matter sciences: the statistical physics of the liquid state. The ambit of physics associated with this highly correlated state of matter is itself extraordinarily broad, and Yasha's work has had notable impact over an impressively wide front, including charged and neutral liquids, uniform and non-uniform liquids, classical and quantal liquids, single component and multicomponent liquids, liquids close to and far from criticality, liquids both disturbed and in equilibrium. He also greatly elucidated the universal and scaling properties of liquids, and many at this conference will have encountered and admired his remarkable fundamental measures functional, originating in the latter stages of his life. Yasha was an undergraduate at the Technion, and a graduate student (for both masters and doctoral degrees) at the Weizmann Institute. He was a Weizmann Fellow at Cornell University in 1977--78, and it was both a great pleasure and a considerable stimulation to work with him during this period. Subsequently he held several visiting appointments at distinguished intitutions in the US and in Europe, while holding (since 1973) a permanent position at the Nuclear Research Center of the Negev. His first two papers (in 1974 and 75, and joint with Thieberger) dealt with the square well fluid and solid; at the end of his life he had again taken up the pressure dissociation of dense hydrogen a topic he also worked on in 1976. In the intervening years there are more than 100 papers prolifically covering all the areas mentioned above. Because of his originality and eclectic interests, and particularly his ability to link to so many areas in the physics of liquids, he was always much in demand as a speaker at conferences (such as ours). We can but speculate on what more he might have contributed, for he was surely one of the most productive of physicists in our field and also surely in full flight with respect to his creative powers. Yasha's passing has therefore robbed us of one who has given `...a purpose in liquidity...' and for many of us we have also lost a deeply admired friend and colleague, one who was unfailingly generous with insights and ideas, and one whose cheerful scepticism was invariably a constant creative and innovative force on the road to the deeper understanding of the liquid state. Neil Ashcroft

Surface Microparticles in Liquid Helium. Quantum Archimedes' Principle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dyugaev, A. M.; Lebedeva, E. V.

2017-12-01

Deviations from Archimedes' principle for spherical molecular hydrogen particles with the radius R 0 at the surface of 4He liquid helium have been investigated. The classical Archimedes' principle holds if R 0 is larger than the helium capillary length L cap ≅ 500 μm. In this case, the elevation of a particle above the liquid is h + R 0. At 30 μm < R 0 < 500 μm, the buoyancy is suppressed by the surface tension and h + R 3 0/ L 2 cap. At R 0 < 30 μm, the particle is situated beneath the surface of the liquid. In this case, the buoyancy competes with the Casimir force, which repels the particle from the surface deep into the liquid. The distance of the particle to the surface is h - R 5/3 c/ R 2/3 0 if R 0 > R c. Here, {R_c} \\cong {( {{\\hbar c}/{ρ g}} )^{1/5}} ≈ 1, where ħ is Planck's constant, c is the speed of light, g is the acceleration due to gravity, and ρ is the mass density of helium. For very small particles ( R 0 < R c), the distance h_ to the surface of the liquid is independent of their size, h_ = R c.

Random lasing from dye-doped negative liquid crystals using ZnO nanoparticles as tunable scatters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Long-Wu; Shang, Zhen-Zhen; Deng, Luogen

2016-09-01

This work demonstrates the realization of a lasing in scattering media, which contains dispersive solution of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and laser dye 4-dicyanomethylene-2-methyle-6-(p-dimethylaminostyryl)-4H-pyran(DCM) in negative liquid crystals (LCs) that was injected into a cell. The lasing intensity of the dye-doped negative LC laser can be tuned from low to high if the NPs concentration is increased. The tunability of the laser is attributable to the clusters-sensitive feature in effective refractive index of the negative LCs. Such a tunable negative liquid crystal laser can be used in the fabrication of new optical sources, optical communication, and liquid crystal laser displays. Project supported by the Doctoral Science Research Start-up Funding of Guizhou Normal University, China (Grant No. 11904-0514162) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 11474021).

New onset Graves' disease as a cause of an adrenal crisis in an individual with panhypopituitarism: brief report

PubMed Central

Lewandowski, Krzysztof C; Marcinkowska, Magdalena; Skowrońska-Jóźwiak, Elżbieta; Makarewicz, Jacek; Lewiński, Andrzej

2008-01-01

46 year old patient was admitted as an emergency with vomiting, hypotension and serum cortisol of 0,940 μg/dl (26 nmol/l) indicative of adrenal failure. Despite previous history of panhypopituitarism he was found to be hyperthyroid [free T4 6.32 ng/dl (ref. range: 0.93–1.7), free T3 22.21 pg/ml (ref. range: 1.8–4.6)]. He was fit and well till the age of 45. Eight months prior to this hospitalisation he presented with diabetes insipidus and was found to have a large cystic tumour in the area of the pituitary gland. Surgery was only partially successful and histologically the tumour was diagnosed as craniopharyngioma. Endocrine assessment revealed deficiency in ACTH-cortisol, growth hormone, and gonadotropin, as well as low-normal free T4. On the day of his emergency admission he looked ill and dehydrated, though was fully conscious and cooperative. Heart rate was 120 beats/min (sinus rhythm), blood pressure 85/40 mm Hg. There were no obvious features of infection, but there was marked tremor and thyroid bruit. He received treatment with intravenous fluids and hydrocortisone. L-thyroxine was stopped. Administration of large dose of methimazole (60 mg/day) resulted in gradual decrease in free T4 and free T3 (to 1.76 ng/ml, and 5.92 pg/ml, respectively) over a 15-day period. The patient was found to have increased titre of antithyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) and anti-TSH receptor (anti-TSHR) antibodies [2300 IU/l (ref. range <40) and 3.6 IU/l (ref. range <1.0), respectively]. He was referred for radioactive iodine treatment. Iodine uptake scan performed prior to radioiodine administration confirmed uniformly increased iodine uptake consistent with Graves' disease. Our case illustrates coexistence of hypopituitarism and clinically significant autoimmune thyroid disease. The presence of hypopituitarism does not preclude the development of autoimmune thyrotoxicosis. PMID:19019235

Double-Paddle Oscillators as Probes of Quantum Turbulence in the Zero Temperature Limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmoranzer, David; Jackson, Martin; Zemma, Elisa; Luzuriaga, Javier

2017-06-01

We present a technical report on our tests of a double-paddle oscillator as a detector of quantum turbulence in superfluid 4He at low temperatures ranging from 20 to 1100 mK. The device, known to operate well in the two-fluid regime (Zemma and Luzuriaga in J Low Temp Phys 166:171-181, 2012), is also capable of detecting quantum turbulence in the zero temperature limit. The oscillator demonstrated Lorentzian responses with quality factors of order 10^5 in vacuum, and displayed negative-Duffing resonances in liquid, even at moderate drives. In superfluid He-II at low temperatures, its sensitivity was adversely affected by acoustic damping at higher harmonics. While it successfully created and detected the quantum turbulence, its overall performance does not compare favourably with other oscillators such as tuning forks.

C_7F_16/He rf plasma CVD of a-C:F films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hokoi, Kohji; Akazawa, Masamichi; Sugawara, Hirotake; Sakai, Yosuke

2000-10-01

Fluorinated carbon is one of the most promissing materials with low dielectric constant ɛr and high dielectric strength V_b. We have deposited a-C:F films by rf (13.56 MHz) plasma enhanced CVD method using the following liquid materials; C_7F_16, (C_3F_7)_3N/(C_4F_9)_3N and C_8F_18/C_8F_16O.(C. P. Lungu et al.), Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 38, L1544--6 (1999) The films showed ɛr values in a range of 1.9--3.0 and V_b>2 MV/cm. In this work, we added He (3 Pa) to C_7F_16 (60 Pa) plasmas, expecting that He atoms in the metastable excited state (He*, 19.8 eV) would promote C_7F_16 decomposition in gas phase or activation of the film surface during deposition. The films with the thickness up to 2300 nm were deposited on unheated Si substrate with an rf power of 100 W. The deposition rate derived from the film thickness measurement by SEM and ellipsometry was about 230 nm/min. This value is roughly two times as large as that of the films deposited by C_7F_16 (60 Pa) plasmas without He. We discuss the mechanism that leads to such a significant increase in the deposition rate.

A new endstation at the Swiss Light Source for ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy measurements of liquid solutions.

PubMed

Brown, Matthew A; Redondo, Amaia Beloqui; Jordan, Inga; Duyckaerts, Nicolas; Lee, Ming-Tao; Ammann, Markus; Nolting, Frithjof; Kleibert, Armin; Huthwelker, Thomas; Müächler, Jean-Pierre; Birrer, Mario; Honegger, Juri; Wetter, Reto; Wörner, Hans Jakob; van Bokhoven, Jeroen A

2013-07-01

A new liquid microjet endstation designed for ultraviolet (UPS) and X-ray (XPS) photoelectron, and partial electron yield X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies at the Swiss Light Source is presented. The new endstation, which is based on a Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 electron spectrometer, is the first liquid microjet endstation capable of operating in vacuum and in ambient pressures up to the equilibrium vapor pressure of liquid water at room temperature. In addition, the Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 energy analyzer of this new endstation allows for XPS measurements up to 7000 eV electron kinetic energy that will enable electronic structure measurements of bulk solutions and buried interfaces from liquid microjet samples. The endstation is designed to operate at the soft X-ray SIM beamline and at the tender X-ray Phoenix beamline. The endstation can also be operated using a Scienta 5 K ultraviolet helium lamp for dedicated UPS measurements at the vapor-liquid interface using either He I or He II α lines. The design concept, first results from UPS, soft X-ray XPS, and partial electron yield XAS measurements, and an outlook to the potential of this endstation are presented.

Correlation of macular structure and function in a boy with primary foveomacular retinitis and sequence of changes over 5 years.

PubMed

Badhani, Anurag; Padhi, Tapas Ranjan; Panda, Gopal Krishna; Mukherjee, Sujoy; Das, Taraprasad; Jalali, Subhadra

2017-08-01

To describe the clinical characteristics, macular structure and function, and to document sequential changes over 5 years in a 10-year-old boy with bilateral primary foveomacular retinitis. A 10-year-old boy presented with sudden onset scotoma in both eyes, experienced after getting up from bed on a non-eclipse day. He persistently denied direct sun-gazing. He neither had any significant systemic illness, nor was using any medications. In addition to a detailed examination at presentation that included fundus fluorescein angiogram (FFA), electroretinogram (ERG), pattern ERG and electrooculogram (EOG), he was examined periodically for 5 years with Humphrey visual field (HVF), spectral domain optical coherence tomogram (SDOCT), Amsler grid charting and multifocal ERG. The macular structure and functions were analyzed over the years and correlated with the symptoms. All findings were bilaterally symmetrical at each visit. At presentation, his corrected visual acuity was 20/25 with subfoveal yellow dot similar to solar retinopathy, central scotoma with reduced foveal threshold in HVF 24-2, micropsia in Amsler grid, missing of two plates on Ishihara color vision chart, transfoveal full thickness hyper-reflective band on SD OCT, unremarkable FFA and normal foveal peak in mfERG. The flash ERG and EOG were unremarkable. A month later, his VA improved to 20/20, he had relative scotoma in Amsler grid, no scotoma in HVF (10-2), restoration of the inner segment of the photoreceptors with sharp defect involving ellipsoid and photoreceptor interdigitation zone in SDOCT and blunting of foveal peaks in mfERG. Three months later, his corrected VA was 20/20 with relative scotoma in Amsler grid, normal color vision, no scotoma in HVF 10-2 and unchanged SDOCT findings. In subsequent examinations at 6, 9, 14, 29, 39 and 60 months, he was symptomless with VA 20/20, unremarkable fundus, normal Amsler grid and HVF (normal foveal threshold), unchanged SDOCT findings and the reduced foveal peaks on mfERG in both eyes got normalized only at 60 months. Presented here is a case of bilaterally symmetrical idiopathic foveomacular retinitis that had a clinical appearance similar to solar retinopathy. The fundus changes persisted for 4 weeks, the symptoms and changes in Amsler grid lasted for 3 months, and the foveal threshold in visual fields normalized within 3 months. Maximum change in the SDOCT defect occurred within a month, and the extrafoveal defect in the ellipsoid and photoreceptor interdigitation line persisted despite resolution of symptoms and resolution of the visual field defect and normal distance vision. Probably, the foveal lesion detected on SDOCT was too small to cause a reduction in the distance visual acuity or show up in the visual field and mfERG later.

Impedance magnitude optimization of the regenerator in Stirling pulse tube cryocoolers working at liquid-helium temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Q.; Qiu, L. M.; Zhi, X. Q.; Han, L.; Gan, Z. H.; Zhang, X. B.; Zhang, X. J.; Sun, D. M.

2013-12-01

The impedance magnitude is important for the design and operation of a Stirling pulse tube cryocooler (SPTC). However, the influence of the impedance magnitude on the SPTC working at liquid-helium temperatures is still not clear due to the complexity of refrigeration mechanism at this temperature range. In this study, the influence of the impedance magnitude on the viscous and thermal losses has been investigated, which contributes to the overall refrigeration efficiency. Different from the previous study at liquid nitrogen temperatures, it has been found and verified experimentally that a higher impedance magnitude may result in a larger mass flow rate accompanied with larger losses in the warmer region, hence the refrigeration efficiency is lowered. Numerical simulation is carried out in SPTCs of different geometry dimensions and working parameters, and the experimental study is carried out in a three-stage SPTC. A minimum no-load refrigeration temperature is achieved with an appropriate impedance magnitude that is determined by the combination of frequency and precooling temperature. A lowest temperature of 4.76 K is achieved at 28 Hz and a precooling temperature of 22.6 K, which is the lowest temperature ever achieved with He-4 for SPTCs. Impedance magnitude optimization is clearly an important consideration for the design of a 4 K SPTC.

Stability chart of small mixed 4He-3He clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guardiola, R.; Navarro, J.

2003-11-01

A stability chart of mixed 4He and 3He clusters has been obtained by means of the diffusion Monte Carlo method, using both the Aziz HFD-B and the Tang-Toennies-Yiu atom-atom interaction. The investigated clusters contain up to eight 4He atoms and up to 20 3He atoms. One single 4He binds 20 3He atoms, and two 4He bind 1, 2, 8, and more than 14 3He atoms. All clusters with three or more 4He atoms are bound, although the combinations 4He33He9,10,11 and 4He34He9 are metastable. Clusters with 2, 8, and 20 3He atoms are particularly stable and define magic 3He numbers.

Modeling the structure and thermodynamics of ferrocenium-based ionic liquids.

PubMed

Bernardes, Carlos E S; Mochida, Tomoyuki; Canongia Lopes, José N

2015-04-21

A new force-field for the description of ferrocenium-based ionic liquids is reported. The proposed model was validated by confronting Molecular Dynamics simulations results with available experimental data-enthalpy of fusion, crystalline structure and liquid density-for a series of 1-alkyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9-octamethylferrocenium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ionic liquids, [CnFc][NTf2] (3 ≤ n ≤ 10). The model is able to reproduce the densities and enthalpies of fusion with deviations smaller than 2.6% and 4.8 kJ mol(-1), respectively. The MD simulation trajectories were also used to compute relevant structural information for the different [CnFc][NTf2] ionic liquids. The results show that, unlike other ILs, the alkyl side chains present in the cations are able to interact directly with the ferrocenium core of other ions. Even the ferrocenium charged cores (with relatively mild charge densities) are able to form small contact aggregates. This causes the partial rupture of the polar network and precludes the formation of extended nano-segregated polar-nonpolar domains normally observed in other ionic liquids.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, Matthew A.; Redondo, Amaia Beloqui; Duyckaerts, Nicolas

A new liquid microjet endstation designed for ultraviolet (UPS) and X-ray (XPS) photoelectron, and partial electron yield X-ray absorption (XAS) spectroscopies at the Swiss Light Source is presented. The new endstation, which is based on a Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 electron spectrometer, is the first liquid microjet endstation capable of operating in vacuum and in ambient pressures up to the equilibrium vapor pressure of liquid water at room temperature. In addition, the Scienta HiPP-2 R4000 energy analyzer of this new endstation allows for XPS measurements up to 7000 eV electron kinetic energy that will enable electronic structure measurements of bulk solutionsmore » and buried interfaces from liquid microjet samples. The endstation is designed to operate at the soft X-ray SIM beamline and at the tender X-ray Phoenix beamline. The endstation can also be operated using a Scienta 5 K ultraviolet helium lamp for dedicated UPS measurements at the vapor-liquid interface using either He I or He II α lines. The design concept, first results from UPS, soft X-ray XPS, and partial electron yield XAS measurements, and an outlook to the potential of this endstation are presented.« less

Novel anticancer agent, benzyldihydroxyoctenone, isolated from Streptomyces sp. causes G1 cell cycle arrest and induces apoptosis of HeLa cells.

PubMed

Lee, Chul-Hoon; Lim, Haeyoung; Moon, Sangik; Shin, Choonshik; Kim, Seunghyun; Kim, Bum-Joon; Lim, Yoongho

2007-06-01

In the course of screening for anticancer agents, a novel active compound, F3-2-5, was isolated from culture broth of Streptomyces sp., KACC91015. Its structure was identified using nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry, and molecular modeling experiments, and confirmed by total synthesis. The growth of various human cancer cell lines was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by 0.06-0.48 mM F3-2-5 over 24 h. Its IC(50) values were estimated at 37 microM on HeLa, 72 microM on A549, and 190 microM on HT-29 cells. However, F3-2-5 had no antiproliferative effect on normal lymphocytes and normal fibroblasts used as controls. Moreover, it affected cell cycle regulation and caused apoptosis of the HeLa cells; chromatin condensation and DNA fragmentation were observed in cells exposed to 80 microM F3-2-5. Western blot analysis revealed that F3-2-5 inhibited phosphorylation of retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and reduced expression of cyclin-dependent kinase-4 and -6, and cyclin D1 and E, while levels of p53 and p21(WAF1/CIP1) increased. Taken together, these findings show that F3-2-5 inhibits proliferation of HeLa cells by inducing G(1) phase arrest as a consequence of inhibition of pRb phosphorylation following up-regulation of p21(WAF1/CIP1) and p53. Furthermore, apoptosis in HeLa cells treated with F3-2-5 was associated with an increase in Bax and p53, leading to release of cytochrome c, activation of caspase-3, and -8, and cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase.

Rocket propulsion research at Lewis Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dawson, Virginia P.

1992-01-01

A small contingent of engineers at NASA LeRC pioneered the basic research on liquid propellants for rockets shortly after World War 2. Carried on through the 1950s, this work influenced the important early decisions made by Abe Silverstein when he took charge of the Office of Space Flight Programs for NASA. He strongly supported the development of liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel in the face of resistance from Wernher von Braun. Members of the LeRC staff played an important role in bringing liquid hydrogen technology to the point of reliability through their management of the Centaur Program. This paper demonstrates how the personality and engineering intuition of Abe Silverstein shaped the Centaur program and left a lasting imprint on the laboratory research tradition. Many of the current leaders of LeRC received their first hands-on engineering experience when they worked on the Centaur program in the 1960s.

Rocket Propulsion Research at Lewis Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dawson, Virginia P.

1992-01-01

A small contingent of engineers at NASA Lewis Research Center pioneered in basic research on liquid propellants for rockets shortly after World War II. Carried on through the 1950s, this work influenced the important early decisions made by Abe Silverstein when he took charge of the Office of Space Flight Programs for NASA. He strongly supported the development of liquid hydrogen as a propulsion fuel in the face of resistance from Wernher von Braun. Members of the Lewis staff played an important role in bringing liquid hydrogen technology to the point of reliability through their management of the Centaur Program. This paper demonstrates how the personality and engineering intuition of Abe Silverstein shaped the Centaur program and left a lasting imprint on the laboratory research tradition. Many of the current leaders of Lewis Research Center received their first hands-on engineering experience when they worked on the Centaur program in the 1960s.

Penis deformity after intra-urethral liquid paraffin administration in a young male: a case report

PubMed Central

Kokkonouzis, Ioannis; Antoniou, Georgios; Droulias, Athanasios

2008-01-01

Background Self-induced injections of liquid substances mainly for penis enlargement is a well-documented but still rather uncommon practice in the western world. Case presentation Herein we present the case of a 30-year-old male who self-inflicted, twice in a six-month-period, intra-urethral liquid paraffin and tied up his penis with a cord in order to achieve both enlargement and elongation. He arrived in our emergency department suffering from suprapubic pain; physical examination revealed a rather unique deformity of the penis. He finally refused any treatment and absconded. Conclusion Side effects after paraffin administration are various and sometimes severe. Most of the times surgical treatment is needed and radical excision together with follow-up seems the best modality. Such practices emphasize on the public's misbelieves and that some aspects of sexual medicine are yet covered with the veil of misconception. PMID:18840268

Penis deformity after intra-urethral liquid paraffin administration in a young male: a case report.

PubMed

Kokkonouzis, Ioannis; Antoniou, Georgios; Droulias, Athanasios

2008-10-07

Self-induced injections of liquid substances mainly for penis enlargement is a well-documented but still rather uncommon practice in the western world. Herein we present the case of a 30-year-old male who self-inflicted, twice in a six-month-period, intra-urethral liquid paraffin and tied up his penis with a cord in order to achieve both enlargement and elongation. He arrived in our emergency department suffering from suprapubic pain; physical examination revealed a rather unique deformity of the penis. He finally refused any treatment and absconded. Side effects after paraffin administration are various and sometimes severe. Most of the times surgical treatment is needed and radical excision together with follow-up seems the best modality. Such practices emphasize on the public's misbelieves and that some aspects of sexual medicine are yet covered with the veil of misconception.

Plasma generated in culture medium induces damages of HeLa cells due to flow phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sato, Yusuke; Sato, Takehiko; Yoshino, Daisuke

2018-03-01

Plasma in a liquid has been anticipated as an effective tool for medical applications, however, few reports have described cellular responses to plasma generated in a liquid similar to biological fluids. Herein we report the effects of plasma generated in a culture medium on HeLa cells. The plasma in the culture medium produced not only heat, shock waves, and reactive chemical species but also a jet flow with sub millimeter-sized bubbles. Cells exposed to the plasma exhibited detachment, morphological changes, and changes in the actin cytoskeletal structure. The experimental results suggest that wall shear stress over 160 Pa was generated on the surface of the cells by the plasma. It is one of the main factors that cause those cellular responses. We believe that our findings would provide valuable insight into advancements in medical applications of plasma in a liquid.

Modeling the chemical kinetics of atmospheric plasma for cell treatment in a liquid solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, H. Y.; Lee, H. W.; Kang, S. K.; Wk. Lee, H.; Kim, G. C.; Lee, J. K.

2012-07-01

Low temperature atmospheric pressure plasmas have been known to be effective for living cell inactivation in a liquid solution but it is not clear yet which species are key factors for the cell treatment. Using a global model, we elucidate the processes through which pH level in the solution is changed from neutral to acidic after plasma exposure and key components with pH and air variation. First, pH level in a liquid solution is changed by He+ and He(21S) radicals. Second, O3 density decreases as pH level in the solution decreases and air concentration decreases. It can be a method of removing O3 that causes chest pain and damages lung tissue when the density is very high. H2O2, HO2, and NO radicals are found to be key factors for cell inactivation in the solution with pH and air variation.

A rare case of renal infarction caused by infective endocarditis.

PubMed

Zakaria, Rasheed; Forsyth, Vhari; Rosenbaum, Tomas

2009-10-01

A 29-year-old man presented to the emergency department of a general hospital complaining of sudden onset left loin pain, radiating to the groin, which had started 48 h previously. He described no urological symptoms and had no medical history of note. Physical examination, electrocardiography, dipstick testing of urine, radiography of the chest and abdomen, blood tests (white blood cell count and serum urea, creatinine, sodium, potassium and C-reactive protein levels), CT of the renal tract, blood and urine cultures, renal angiography, thromboembolic blood panel, urine and blood tests for illicit drugs, transthoracic echocardiography, transesophageal echocardiography, renal ultrasonography. Infective endocarditis resulting in thromboembolic unilateral renal infarction. The patient was started on anticoagulation therapy with low-molecular-weight heparin and treated with intravenous gentamicin and benzylpenicillin for 4 weeks. He was seen in an outpatient clinic 4 weeks after discharge, at which time serum urea and creatinine levels and repeat ultrasonography of the renal tract confirmed normal renal function. He will be followed up regularly by cardiologists and urologists, at 6 weeks initially, and every 6 months to 1 year thereafter by his family physician.

Frederick Yi-Tung Cho (1939-2011) : His PhD days in Biophysics, the Photosynthesis Lab, and his patents in engineering physics.

PubMed

Govindjee; Munday, John C; Papageorgiou, George C

2017-06-01

We present here a Tribute to Frederick Yi-Tung Cho (1939-2011), an innovative and ingenious biophysicist and an entrepreneur. He was one of the 4 earliest PhD students [see: Cederstrand (1965)-Carl Nelson Cederstrand; coadvisor: Eugene Rabinowitch; Papageorgiou (1968)-George C. Papageorgiou (coauthor of this paper); and Munday (1968)-John C. Munday Jr. (also a coauthor of this paper)] of one of us (Govindjee) in Biophysics at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) during the late 1960s (1963-1968). Fred was best known, in the photosynthesis circle for his pioneering work on low temperature (down to liquid helium temperature, 4 K) absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy of photosynthetic systems; he showed temperature independence of excitation energy transfer from (i) chlorophyll (Chl) b to Chl a and (ii) from Chl a 670 to Chl a 678; and temperature dependence of energy transfer from the phycobilins to Chl a and from Chl a 678 to its suggested trap. After doing research in biophysics of photosynthesis, Fred shifted to do research in solid-state physics/engineering in the Government Electronics Division (Group) of the Motorola Company, Scottsdale, Arizona, from where he published research papers in that area and had several patents granted. We focus mainly on his days at the UIUC in context of the laboratory in which he worked. We also list some of his papers and most of his patents in engineering physics. His friends and colleagues have correctly described him as an innovator and an ingenious scientist of the highest order. On the personal side, he was a very easy-going and amiable individual.

Bose Condensation at He-4 Interfaces

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Draeger, E. W.; Ceperley, D. M.

2003-01-01

Path Integral Monte Carlo was used to calculate the Bose-Einstein condensate fraction at the surface of a helium film at T = 0:77 K, as a function of density. Moving from the center of the slab to the surface, the condensate fraction was found to initially increase with decreasing density to a maximum value of 0.9, before decreasing. Long wavelength density correlations were observed in the static structure factor at the surface of the slab. A surface dispersion relation was calculated from imaginary-time density-density correlations. Similar calculations of the superfluid density throughout He-4 droplets doped with linear impurities (HCN)(sub n) are presented. After deriving a local estimator for the superfluid density distribution, we find a decreased superfluid response in the first solvation layer. This effective normal fluid exhibits temperature dependence similar to that of a two-dimensional helium system.

New limit on possible long-range parity-odd interactions of the neutron from neutron-spin rotation in liquid 4He.

PubMed

Yan, H; Snow, W M

2013-02-22

Various theories beyond the standard model predict new particles with masses in the sub-eV range with very weak couplings to ordinary matter. A parity-odd interaction between polarized nucleons and unpolarized matter proportional to g(V)g(A)s · p is one such possibility, where s[over →] and p[over →] are the spin and the momentum of the polarized nucleon, and g(V) and g(A) are the vector and axial vector couplings of an interaction induced by the exchange of a new light vector boson. We report a new experimental upper bound on such possible long-range parity-odd interactions of the neutron with nucleons and electrons from a recent search for parity violation in neutron spin rotation in liquid ^{4}He. Our constraint on the product of vector and axial vector couplings of a possible new light vector boson is g(V) g(A)(n) ≤ 10(-32) for an interaction range of 1 m. This upper bound is more than 7 orders of magnitude more stringent than the existing laboratory constraints for interaction ranges below 1 m, corresponding to a broad range of vector boson masses above 10(-6) eV. More sensitive searches for a g(V) g(A)(n) coupling could be performed using neutron spin rotation measurements in heavy nuclei or through analysis of experiments conducted to search for nucleon-nucleon weak interactions and nuclear anapole moments.

Improved Root Normal Size Distributions for Liquid Atomization

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-11-01

Jackson, Primary Breakup of Round Aerated- Liquid Jets in Supersonic Crossflows, Atomization and Sprays, 16(6), 657-672, 2006 H. C. Simmons, The...Breakup in Liquid - Gas Mixing Layers, Atomization and Sprays, 1, 421-440, 1991 P.-K. Wu, L.-K. Tseng, and G. M. Faeth, Primary Breakup in Gas / Liquid ...Improved Root Normal Size Distributions for Liquid Atomization Distribution Statement A. Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

A comparative pharmacokinetic study of three flavonoids and three anthraquinones in normal and gastrointestinal motility disorders rat plasma after the oral administration of Wei-Chang-Shu tablet using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Ren, Yan; Zhao, Weiwei; Zhao, Juanjuan; Chen, Xiangming; Yu, Chen; Liu, Mengan

2017-11-01

A simple, fast and reliable high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification and pharmacokinetic study of three flavonoids (liquiritigenin, isoliquiritigenin and formononetin) and three anthraquinones (emodin, rhein and aloe-emodin), which are the bioactive ingredients of Wei-Chang-Shu tablet found in rat plasma. After extraction by liquid-liquid extraction with ethyl acetate, chromatographic separation was achieved on an Agilent Zorbax SB-C 18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 μm) at a flow rate of 1 mL/min by gradient elution using 0.1% aqueous acetic acid and acetonitrile. The detection was performed using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with electrospray ionization source in the negative ionization and selected reaction monitoring mode. Method validation was performed in terms of specificity, carryover, linearity (r > 0.99), intra-/inter-day precision (1.0-10.1%), accuracy (relative error, <7.6%), stability (0.6-13.2%), extract recovery (74.9-91.9%) and matrix effect (89.1-109%). The lower limits of quantification of the six analytes varied from 0.92 to 10.4 ng/mL. The validated method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetic properties of Wei-Chang-Shu tablet in normal rats and in rats with gastrointestinal motility disorders. The results indicated that there were obvious differences in the pharmacokinetic behavior between normal and model rats. This study will be helpful in the clinical application of Wei-Chang-Shu tablet. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

FV peptide induces apoptosis in HEp 2 and HeLa cells: an insight into the mechanism of induction

PubMed Central

Sri Balasubashini, M; Karthigayan, S; Somasundaram, ST; Balasubramanian, T; Rukkumani, R; Menon, Venugopal P

2006-01-01

The present study is an attempt to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of peptide (7.6 kDa) from lionfish (Pterios volitans) venom on cultured HEp2 and HeLa cells. Different dose of purified peptide (1, 2 and 4 μg/ml) at different time points (12, 24 and 36 hrs) were tested for antiproliferative index of the peptide. Among them, 2 μg/ml at 24 hrs was found to effectively inhibit cancer cell growth in vitro and did not cause any adverse effect on normal human lymphocytes. Apoptosis was examined by propidium iodide staining, confirmed by the expression of caspase-8 and caspase-3, down regulation of Bcl-2 expression and DNA fragmentation in treated cells, when compared to untreated HEp2 and HeLa cells. Thus fish venom peptide was found to selectively induce apoptosis in cancer cell. PMID:17137521

The effect of ILLLI on peripheral blood SOD, MDA in psoriasis treatment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Jing; Nie, Fan

2005-07-01

Objective: To research the effect of Intravascular low level laser irradiation (ILLLI) on the SOD,MDA in the treatment of psoriasis. Method :47 patients suffering from psoriasis from five groups were treated by Intravascular low level laser irradiation (power:4-5mw,1h per day, period of treatment: 10 days) .We checked the change of SOD,MDA peripheral blood in 10 normal people between pre and post treatment. Group A were treated by He-Ne laser combined with drug, group B were treated by semi-conductor laser combined with drug, group C were treated only by He-Ne laser, group D were treated only by semiconductor laser, group E were treated only by drug . Results: The levels of SOD in red cell of psoriatic patients from five groups after treatment were significantly lower than that of controlled group. The levels of SOD of them were significantly increased and nearly closed to that of controlled group; the levels of MDA in red cell of psoriatic patients from five groups after treatment were significantly higher than that of controlled group; the levels of MDA of them are decreased ,however, they were still not recovered to normal levels. Conclusions: ILLLI, both He-Ne laser and semiconductor laser, can activate SOD in psoriasis patients and enhance their ability of anti-oxidation.

Diospyros rhodocalyx (Tako-Na), a Thai folk medicine, associated with hypokalemia and generalized muscle weakness: a case series.

PubMed

Othong, Rittirak; Trakulsrichai, Satariya; Wananukul, Winai

2017-11-01

Diospyros rhodocalyx (Tako-Na) is a Thai folk medicine purported to promote longevity, treat impotence, etc. We present patients with hypokalemia, weakness and hypertension after consuming Tako-Na tea. Case 1: A 61-year-old man was brought in nine hours after drinking 400-500 mL of Tako-Na tea. One handful of Tako-Na bark was boiled in water to make tea. He had vomiting and watery diarrhea six hours after drinking it. He took no medications and had no history of hypertension. The only remarkable vital sign was BP 167/90 mmHg. Physical examination revealed generalized muscle weakness. Laboratory findings were potassium 2.7 mmol/L, bicarbonate 24 mmol/L, and transtubular potassium gradient (TTKG) 5.6. He was discharged the next day with a BP 140/90 mmHg and potassium 4.2 mmol/L. Case 2: A 78-year-old man, a friend of case 1, also drank Tako-Na tea from the same pot at the same time as case 1. He also had vomiting and diarrhea six hours later. He took no medications despite past history of hypertension (baseline SBP 140-160). Initial BP was 230/70 mmHg. He also had muscle weakness. Laboratory findings were potassium 3.3 mmol/L, bicarbonate 24 mmol/L, TTKG 7.37 and normal thyroid function. He was also discharged the next day with a BP 148/70 mmHg and potassium 4.2 mmol/L. Case 3-7: These were patients reported to a poison center and their potassium concentrations were 1.4, 1.4, 3.3, 1.3 and 1.2 mmol/L, respectively. Three of them were intubated and case 3 died. Tako-Na contains betulin, betulinic acid, taraxerone, lupeol, and lupenone. Their structures are similar to glycyrrhetic acid, the active metabolite of glycyrrhizic acid found in licorice which is well known to cause pseudoaldosteronism. Glycyrrhetic acid is potent in inhibiting 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, and causes pseudoaldosteronism. We hypothesize that the compounds in Tako-Na act in the same way as glycyrrhetic acid in producing pseudoaldosteronism.

Primordial helium entrained by the hottest mantle plumes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, M. G.; Konter, J. G.; Becker, T. W.

2017-02-01

Helium isotopes provide an important tool for tracing early-Earth, primordial reservoirs that have survived in the planet’s interior. Volcanic hotspot lavas, like those erupted at Hawaii and Iceland, can host rare, high 3He/4He isotopic ratios (up to 50 times the present atmospheric ratio, Ra) compared to the lower 3He/4He ratios identified in mid-ocean-ridge basalts that form by melting the upper mantle (about 8Ra; ref. 5). A long-standing hypothesis maintains that the high-3He/4He domain resides in the deep mantle, beneath the upper mantle sampled by mid-ocean-ridge basalts, and that buoyantly upwelling plumes from the deep mantle transport high-3He/4He material to the shallow mantle beneath plume-fed hotspots. One problem with this hypothesis is that, while some hotspots have 3He/4He values ranging from low to high, other hotspots exhibit only low 3He/4He ratios. Here we show that, among hotspots suggested to overlie mantle plumes, those with the highest maximum 3He/4He ratios have high hotspot buoyancy fluxes and overlie regions with seismic low-velocity anomalies in the upper mantle, unlike plume-fed hotspots with only low maximum 3He/4He ratios. We interpret the relationships between 3He/4He values, hotspot buoyancy flux, and upper-mantle shear wave velocity to mean that hot plumes—which exhibit seismic low-velocity anomalies at depths of 200 kilometres—are more buoyant and entrain both high-3He/4He and low-3He/4He material. In contrast, cooler, less buoyant plumes do not entrain this high-3He/4He material. This can be explained if the high-3He/4He domain is denser than low-3He/4He mantle components hosted in plumes, and if high-3He/4He material is entrained from the deep mantle only by the hottest, most buoyant plumes. Such a dense, deep-mantle high-3He/4He domain could remain isolated from the convecting mantle, which may help to explain the preservation of early Hadean (>4.5 billion years ago) geochemical anomalies in lavas sampling this reservoir.

[Dynamics of pleural liquid in hydrothorax].

PubMed

Nakamura, T; Iwaskai, Y; Gotoh, T; Hiramori, N; Fujii, T; Sakai, M; Nakagaki, Y; Arimoto, T; Mizobuchi, K; Hashikura, H

1994-12-01

The basics of pleural liquid dynamics are summarized. The normal pleural cavity contains a small amount of pleural liquid (0.1-0.3 ml/kg). Its protein concentration is about 1.0 g/dl and its pH is 7.6. The normal flow of pleural liquid is gravity dependent, and pleural liquid flows from the costal to the mediastinal region. In experimental hydrothorax, the pleural liquid was removed mainly via lymphatics. The turnover of the pleural liquid is rapid, and it depends on the area of contact between pleural liquid and pleural and on the blood flow to the pleura.

Severe Hyperthyroidism Complicated by Agranulocytosis Treated with Therapeutic Plasma Exchange: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Garla, Vishnu; Kovvuru, Karthik; Ahuja, Shradha; Palabindala, Venkatataman; Malhotra, Bharat; Abdul Salim, Sohail

2018-01-01

To present a case of Graves' disease complicated by methimazole induced agranulocytosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) and review of the literature. A 21-year-old patient with a history of Graves' disease presented to the endocrine clinic. His history was significant for heat intolerance, weight loss, and tremors. Upon examination he had tachycardia, smooth goiter, thyroid bruit, and hyperactive reflexes. He was started on methimazole and metoprolol and thyroidectomy was to be done once his thyroid function tests normalized. On follow-up, the patient symptoms persisted. Complete blood count done showed a white blood cell count of 2100 (4000-11,000 cells/cu mm) with a neutrophil count of 400 cells/cu mm, consistent with neutropenia. He was admitted to the hospital and underwent 3 cycles of TPE and was also given filgrastim. He improved clinically and his thyroxine (T4) levels also came down. Thyroidectomy was done. He was discharged on levothyroxine for postsurgical hypothyroidism. Plasmapheresis may be useful in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. It works by removing protein bound hormones and also possibly inflammatory cytokines. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of various modalities of TPE in the treatment of hyperthyroidism.

[Phagocytosis and intracellular proliferation of Nocardia asteroides (strain Weipheld) in cell structures in vitro. 2. Peritoneal macrophages of guinea-pigs (author's transl)].

PubMed

Splino, M; Mĕrka, V; Kyntera, F

1976-08-01

The study deals with the phagocytosis of Nocardia asteroides (strain Weipheld) and the subsequent intracellular proliferation in peritoneal macrophage cells. Normal, two-stage-immunized and long-term cortison-treated guinea-pig (28 mg cortison / kg weight / day during 30 days) macrophages were used. Further, the cytotoxic effect of Nocardia upon the cells in the peritoneal washing liquid in vitro and the influence of the normal, immune and antimacrophage serum upon the phagocytosis and the intracellular proliferation were studied. Among the cells obtained from the peritoneal washing liquid macrophages were most frequently subject to phagocytosis, leukocytes to a lesser degree. The normal macrophages phagocytized in 14.56% (Fig. 1), macrophages of two-stage-immunized guinea-pigs in 18.21% (Fig. 2) and macrophages from cortison treated guinea-pigs in 12.48% of cases. Intracellular observation showed phagocytized germs after 3 min. of exposure. The course of the intracellular proliferation of Nocardia can be seen in Fig. 3. The phagocytosis index increases slowly in all three groups of macrophages; least so in the immunized macrophages (1.30-after 8 hours). The highest values were obtained in the macrophages of cortison treated guinea-pigs (2.02-after 8 hours). Within 8 hours of exposure the filaments of Nocardia grew through the cell membrane of phagocytizing cells (Figs. 4 A, 4 B). Fig. 5 shows the course of the cytopathogenic effect of Nocardia upon the cells. After 1 hr. the number of dead cells increased from 0.30% to 1.9-3.8%; after 4 hrs. it reached 8.15-9.80%; after 8 hrs. 10.1-14.80%. The highest values were observed in cells from cortison treated guinea-pigs (14.80%). After addition of normal serum (time of phagocytosis 60 min.) normal peritoneal macrophages phagocytized in 13.30% of cases; immune serum stimulated phagocytosis (16.21%); antimacrophage serum significantly reduced phagocytosis (4.10%). The phagocytosis index in peritoneal macrophages with normal and immune serum increased, reaching values of 1.20-1.58 with in 8 hours; the differences were statistically not significant (Fig. 6). A significant increase of proliferation was observed in peritoneal macrophages with antimacrophage serum (2.07 in 8 hours). Neither normal nor immune guine-pig serum influenced the cytopathogenic effect of Nocardia on the cells of peritoneal washing liquid (Fig. 7). The antimacrophage serum had a rapid and expressive effect upon the macrophages (78.23% of cells died after 2 hours, 100% after 3 hours of exposure).

Evolution of FX Markets via Globalization of Capital

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCauley, Joseph L.

This paper is about money, and why today's foreign exchange (FX) markets are unstable. According to the literature [1], FX markets were fundamentally different before and after WW I. Any attempt to discuss this topic within standard economic theory necessarily fails because money/liquidity/uncertainty is completely excluded from that theory [2]. Fortunately, our market dynamics models adequately serve our purpose. Eichengreen [1] has presented a stimulating history of the evolution of FX markets from the gold standard of the late nineteenth century through the Bretton Woods Agreement (post WWII-1971) and later the floating currencies of our present market deregulation era (1971-present). He asserts a change from stability to instability over the time interval of WWI. Making his argument precise, we describe how speculators could have made money systematically from a market in statistical equilibrium. The present era normal liquid FX markets are in contrast very hard, to a first approximation impossible, to beat, and consequently are described as `martingales'. The ideas of martingales and options/hedging were irrelevant in the pre-WWI era. I end my historical discussion with the empirical evidence for the stochastic model that describes FX market dynamics quantitatively accurately during the last 7-17 years [3].

HELIUM-IGNITED VIOLENT MERGERS AS A UNIFIED MODEL FOR NORMAL AND RAPIDLY DECLINING TYPE Ia SUPERNOVAE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pakmor, R.; Springel, V.; Kromer, M.

2013-06-10

The progenitors of Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) are still unknown, despite significant progress during the past several years in theory and observations. Violent mergers of two carbon-oxygen (CO) white dwarfs (WDs) are a candidate scenario suggested to be responsible for at least a significant fraction of normal SNe Ia. Here, we simulate the merger of two CO WDs using a moving-mesh code that allows for the inclusion of thin helium (He) shells (0.01 M{sub Sun }) on top of the WDs at an unprecedented numerical resolution. The accretion of He onto the primary WD leads to the formation ofmore » a detonation in its He shell. This detonation propagates around the CO WD and sends a converging shock wave into its core, known to robustly trigger a second detonation, as in the well-known double-detonation scenario for He-accreting CO WDs. However, in contrast to that scenario where a massive He shell is required to form a detonation through thermal instability, here the He detonation is ignited dynamically. Accordingly the required He-shell mass is significantly smaller, and hence its burning products are unlikely to affect the optical display of the explosion. We show that this scenario, which works for CO primary WDs with CO- as well as He-WD companions, has the potential to explain the different brightness distributions, delay times, and relative rates of normal and fast declining SNe Ia. Finally, we discuss extensions to our unified merger model needed to obtain a comprehensive picture of the full observed diversity of SNe Ia.« less

Calcic amphibole thermobarometry in metamorphic and igneous rocks: New calibrations based on plagioclase/amphibole Al-Si partitioning and amphibole/liquid Mg partitioning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Molina, J. F.; Moreno, J. A.; Castro, A.; Rodríguez, C.; Fershtater, G. B.

2015-09-01

Dependencies of plagioclase/amphibole Al-Si partitioning, DAl/Siplg/amp, and amphibole/liquid Mg partitioning, DMgamp/liq, on temperature, pressure and phase compositions are investigated employing robust regression methods based on MM-estimators. A database with 92 amphibole-plagioclase pairs - temperature range: 650-1050 °C; amphibole compositional limits: > 0.02 apfu (23O) Ti and > 0.05 apfu Al - and 148 amphibole-glass pairs - temperature range: 800-1100 °C; amphibole compositional limit: CaM4/(CaM4 + NaM4) > 0.75 - compiled from experiments in the literature was used for the calculations (amphibole normalization scheme: 13-CNK method).

Successful vitrification of bovine immature oocyte using liquid helium instead of liquid nitrogen as cryogenic liquid.

PubMed

Yu, Xue-Li; Xu, Ya-Kun; Wu, Hua; Guo, Xian-Fei; Li, Xiao-Xia; Han, Wen-Xia; Li, Ying-Hua

2016-04-01

The objectives of this study were to compare the effectiveness of liquid helium (LHe) and liquid nitrogen (LN2) as cryogenic liquid for vitrification of bovine immature oocytes with open-pulled straw (OPS) system and determine the optimal cryoprotectant concentration of LHe vitrification. Cumulus oocyte complexes were divided into three groups, namely, untreated group (control), LN2 vitrified with OPS group, and LHe vitrified with OPS group. Oocyte survival was assessed by morphology, nuclear maturation, and developmental capability. Results indicated that the rates of normal morphology, maturation, cleavage, and blastocyst (89.3%, 52.8%, 42.7%, and 10.1%, respectively) in the LHe-vitrified group were all higher than those (79.3%, 43.4%, 34.1%, and 4.7%) in the LN2-vitrified group (P < 0.05) although the corresponding rates in both treated groups decreased compared with the control group (100%, 75.0%, 64.9%, and 40.8%; P < 0.05). Normal calves were obtained after the transfer of blastocysts derived from LHe- and LN2-vitrified oocytes. The effects of the different vitrification solutions (EDS30, EDS35, EDS40, EDS45, and EDS50) in LHe vitrification for bovine immature oocytes vitrification were examined. No difference was found in the rates of morphologically normal oocytes among the EDS30 (87.9%), EDS35 (90.1%), EDS40 (89.4%), and EDS45 (87.2%) groups (P > 0.05). The maturation rate of the EDS35 group (65.0%) was higher than those of the EDS30 (51.3%), EDS40 (50.1%), EDS45 (52.1%), and EDS50 groups (36.9%; P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the cleavage and blastocyst rates between the EDS35 (49.0% and 12.1%) and EDS40 (41.7% and 10.2%) groups. However, the cleavage and blastocyst rates in the EDS35 group were higher (P < 0.05) than those of the EDS30 (36.2% and 6.8%), EDS45 (35.9% and 5.8%), and EDS50 (16.6% and 2.2%) groups. In conclusion, LHe can be used as a cryogenic liquid for vitrification of bovine immature oocytes, and it is more efficient than LN2-vitrified oocytes in terms of blastocyst production. EDS35 was the optimal cryoprotectant agent combination for LHe vitrification in this study. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Note: Coincidence measurements of 3He and neutrons from a compact D-D neutron generator.

PubMed

Ji, Q; Lin, C-J; Tindall, C; Garcia-Sciveres, M; Schenkel, T; Ludewigt, B A

2017-05-01

Tagging of neutrons (2.45 MeV) with their associated 3 He particles from deuterium-deuterium (D-D) fusion reactions has been demonstrated in a compact neutron generator setup enabled by a high brightness, microwave-driven ion source with a high fraction of deuterons. Energy spectra with well separated peaks of the D-D fusion reaction products, 3 He, tritons, and protons, were measured with a silicon PIN diode. The neutrons were detected using a liquid scintillator detector with pulse shape discrimination. By correlating the 3 He detection events with the neutron detection in time, we demonstrated the tagging of emitted neutrons with 3 He particles detected with a Si PIN diode detector mounted inside the neutron generator vacuum vessel.

Transport in thin polarized Fermi-liquid films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, David Z.; Anderson, R. H.; Miller, M. D.

2015-10-01

We calculate expressions for the state-dependent quasiparticle lifetime τσ, the thermal conductivity κ , the shear viscosity η , and discuss the spin diffusion coefficient D for Fermi-liquid films in two dimensions. The expressions are valid for low temperatures and arbitrary polarization. In two dimensions, as in three dimensions, the integrals over the transition rates factor into energy and angular parts. However, the angular integrations contain a weak divergence. This problem is addressed using the method of K. Miyake and W. J. Mullin [Phys. Rev. Lett. 50, 197 (1983), 10.1103/PhysRevLett.50.197; J. Low Temp. Phys. 56, 499 (1984), 10.1007/BF00681808]. The low-temperature expressions for the transport coefficients are essentially exact. We find that κ-1˜T lnT , and η-1˜T2 for arbitrary polarizations 0 ≤P ≤1 . These results are in agreement with earlier zero-polarization results of H. H. Fu and C. Ebner [Phys. Rev. A 10, 338 (1974)., 10.1103/PhysRevA.10.338], but differ from the temperature dependence of the shear viscosity found by D. S. Novikov (arXiv:cond-mat/0603184). They also differ from the discontinuous change of temperature dependence in D from zero to nonzero polarization that was discovered by Miyake and Mullin. We note that in two dimensions the shear viscosity requires a unique analysis. We obtain predictions for the density, temperature, and polarization dependence of κ ,η , and D for second-layer 3He films on graphite, and thin 3He-4He superfluid mixtures. For 3He on graphite, we find roughly an order of magnitude increase in magnitude for κ and η as the polarization is increased from 0 to 1. For D a similar large increase is predicted from zero polarization to the polarization where D is a maximum (˜0.74 ). We discuss the applicability of 3He thin films to the question of the existence of a universal lower bound for the ratio of the shear viscosity to the entropy density.

Genesis of Bénard-Marangoni Patterns in Thin Liquid Films Drying into Air

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colinet, P.; Chauvet, F.; Dehaeck, S.

Inspired by many years of motivating collaboration between the first author and Prof. Manuel G. Velarde, in the field of surface-tension-driven instabilities, pattern formation, and transition to turbulence, this paper presents recent experimental results obtained in collaboration with the second and third authors at the TIPs laboratory in Brussels. Namely, the evolution of Bénard-like patterns is explored for pure liquid layers evaporating into air, from chaotic regimes down to more stable structures with predominant hexagonal symmetry. Drying liquid layers indeed appear as a particularly simple example of system where, due to the decreasing liquid depth, the preferred wavelength of the pattern is continuously decreased in time, hence requiring perpetual creation of new convective cells. Such pattern "genesis" appears to lead to disordered structures with interesting characteristics, whose preliminary experimental investigation is carried out here. This paper is dedicated to Prof. Manuel G. Velarde, at the occasion of his 70th birthday, as a mark of deep gratitude for all positive scientific and cultural influences he had and he still has on many young scientists.

Viscosity Difference Measurements for Normal and Para Liquid Hydrogen Mixtures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Webeler, R.; Bedard, F.

1961-01-01

The absence of experimental data in the literature concerning a viscosity difference for normal and equilibrium liquid hydrogen may be attributed to the limited reproducibility of "oscillating disk" measurements in a liquid-hydrogen environment. Indeed, there is disagreement over the viscosity values for equilibrium liquid hydrogen even without proton spin considerations. Measurements presented here represent the first application of the piezoelectric alpha quartz torsional oscillator technique to liquid-hydrogen viscosity measurements.

The evolution of Devonian hydrocarbon gases in shallow aquifers of the northern Appalachian Basin: Insights from integrating noble gas and hydrocarbon geochemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Darrah, Thomas H.; Jackson, Robert B.; Vengosh, Avner; Warner, Nathaniel R.; Whyte, Colin J.; Walsh, Talor B.; Kondash, Andrew J.; Poreda, Robert J.

2015-12-01

The last decade has seen a dramatic increase in domestic energy production from unconventional reservoirs. This energy boom has generated marked economic benefits, but simultaneously evoked significant concerns regarding the potential for drinking-water contamination in shallow aquifers. Presently, efforts to evaluate the environmental impacts of shale gas development in the northern Appalachian Basin (NAB), located in the northeastern US, are limited by: (1) a lack of comprehensive ;pre-drill; data for groundwater composition (water and gas); (2) uncertainty in the hydrogeological factors that control the occurrence of naturally present CH4 and brines in shallow Upper Devonian (UD) aquifers; and (3) limited geochemical techniques to quantify the sources and migration of crustal fluids (specifically methane) at various time scales. To address these questions, we analyzed the noble gas, dissolved ion, and hydrocarbon gas geochemistry of 72 drinking-water wells and one natural methane seep all located ≫1 km from shale gas drill sites in the NAB. In the present study, we consciously avoided groundwater wells from areas near active or recent drilling to ensure shale gas development would not bias the results. We also intentionally targeted areas with naturally occurring CH4 to characterize the geochemical signature and geological context of gas-phase hydrocarbons in shallow aquifers of the NAB. Our data display a positive relationship between elevated [CH4], [C2H6], [Cl], and [Ba] that co-occur with high [4He]. Although four groundwater samples show mantle contributions ranging from 1.2% to 11.6%, the majority of samples have [He] ranging from solubility levels (∼45 × 10-6 cm3 STP/L) with below-detectable [CH4] and minor amounts of tritiogenic 3He in low [Cl] and [Ba] waters, up to high [4He] = 0.4 cm3 STP/L with a purely crustal helium isotopic end-member (3He/4He = ∼0.02 times the atmospheric ratio (R/Ra)) in samples with CH4 near saturation for shallow groundwater (P(CH4) = ∼1 atmosphere) and elevated [Cl] and [Ba]. These data suggest that 4He is dominated by an exogenous (i.e., migrated) crustal source for these hydrocarbon gas- and salt-rich fluids. In combination with published inorganic geochemistry (e.g., 87Sr/86Sr, Sr/Ba, Br-/Cl-), new noble gas and hydrocarbon isotopic data (e.g., 20Ne/36Ar, C2+/C1, δ13C-CH4) suggest that a hydrocarbon-rich brine likely migrated from the Marcellus Formation (via primary hydrocarbon migration) as a dual-phase fluid (gas + liquid) and was fractionated by solubility partitioning during fluid migration and emplacement into conventional UD traps (via secondary hydrocarbon migration). Based on the highly fractionated 4He/CH4 data relative to Marcellus and UD production gases, we propose an additional phase of hydrocarbon gas migration where natural gas previously emplaced in UD hydrocarbon traps actively diffuses out into and equilibrates with modern shallow groundwater (via tertiary hydrocarbon migration) following uplift, denudation, and neotectonic fracturing. These data suggest that by integrating noble gas geochemistry with hydrocarbon and dissolved ion chemistry, one can better determine the source and migration processes of natural gas in the Earth's crust, which are two critical factors for understanding the presence of hydrocarbon gases in shallow aquifers.

Excited state intramolecular proton transfer reaction of 4'-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone and solvation dynamics in room temperature ionic liquids studied by optical Kerr gate fluorescence measurement.

PubMed

Kimura, Yoshifumi; Fukuda, Masanori; Suda, Kayo; Terazima, Masahide

2010-09-16

Fluorescence dynamics of 4'-N,N-diethylamino-3-hydroxyflavone (DEAHF) and its methoxy derivative (DEAMF) in various room temperature ionic liquids (RTILs) have been studied mainly by an optical Kerr gate method. DEAMF showed a single band fluorescence whose peak shifted with time by the solvation dynamics. The averaged solvation time determined by the fluorescence peak shift was proportional to the viscosity of the solvent except for tetradecyltrihexylphosphonium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide. The solvation times were consistent with reported values determined with different probe molecules. DEAHF showed dual fluorescence due to the normal and tautomer forms produced by the excited state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT), and the relative intensities were dependent on the time and the solvent cation or anion species. By using the information of the fluorescence spectrum of DEAMF, the fluorescence spectrum of DEAHF at each delay time after the photoexcitation was decomposed into the normal and the tautomer fluorescence components, respectively. The normal component showed a very fast decay simulated by a biexponential function (2-3 and 20-30 ps) with an additional slower decay component. The tautomer component showed a rise with the time constants corresponding to the faster decay of the normal form with an additional instantaneous rise. The faster dynamics of the normal and tautomer population changes were assigned to the ESIPT process, while the slower decay of the fluorescence was attributed to the population decay from the excited state through the radiative and nonradiative processes. The average ESIPT time was much faster than the averaged solvation time of RTILs. Basically, the ESIPT kinetics in RTILs is similar to those in conventional liquid solvents like acetonitrile (Chou et al. J. Phys. Chem. A 2005, 109, 3777). The faster ESIPT is interpreted in terms of the activation barrierless process from the Franck-Condon state before the solvation of the normal state in the electronic excited state. With the advance of the solvation in the excited state, the normal form becomes relatively more stable than the tautomer form, which makes the ESIPT become an activation process.

Study of the Radiative Recombination of Free Carriers Produced by Electron Bombardment in Cadmium Sulfide (thesis); ETUDE DE LA RECOMBINAISON RADIATIVE DES PORTEURS LIBRES PRODUITS PAR UN BOMBARDEMENT ELECTRONIQUE DANS LE SULFURE DE CADMIUM (THESES)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Gaalon, G.

1962-01-01

The structure of the blue emission at the temperature of liquid nitrogen was studied using improved apparatus. The observations were carried to the temperature of liquid He in order to deduce the mechanism of the recombination of the free carriers. Before analysis of the light emitted by CdS single crystals exposed to electron bombardment and before a description of the experimental apparatus, the interaction of electron beams with the crystal and the resultant formation of free carriers are studied theoretically. The experimental study showed that the structure of the emission situated at the absorption limit, obtained by electron bombardment, doesmore » not differ basically from that observed under uv irradiation. However, the existence at 4 deg K of radiation (not observed with uv irradiation) with wave lengths less than 4.856 A was shown. (J.S.R.)« less

Reply to: Are There More Gifted People than Would Be Expected on a Normal Distribution?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, James J.

2014-01-01

The author responds to the article by Warne, Godwin, and Smith (2013) on the question of whether there are more gifted people than would be expected in a Gaussian normal distribution. He asserts that the answer to this question is yes, based on (a) data that he and his colleagues have collected, (b) data that are already available and quoted by…

Ion beam modification of single crystalline BiVO4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wendler, Elke; Bischoff, Marie; Schmidt, Emanuel; Schrempel, F.; Ellmer, Klaus; Kanis, Michael; van de Krol, Roel

2017-10-01

A single crystalline BiVO4 sample was investigated. Angular resolved Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (arRBS) was performed as a function of two orthogonal angles perpendicular to the surface. The crystal planes appearing in the angular charts are compared with the crystal structure of monoclinic BiVO4. By this comparison the crystal axis being almost normal to the surface was identified to be 〈0 0 1〉. These measurements support the control of orientation and quality of the grown BiVO4 crystal. Additionally it is found that during prolonged analysis the He ions produce a considerable amount of damage. As the nuclear energy loss of the He ions is negligibly low within the corresponding depth region, the damage is mainly caused by the electronic energy loss of the ions. For studying radiation resistance and damage formation, the BiVO4 single crystal was implanted with 200 keV Ar ions. The damage production in the Bi sublattice was analysed by RBS applying 1.8 MeV He ions in channelling configuration. The damage profiles determined from the channelling RBS spectra can be well represented by the electronic energy loss of the implanted Ar ions. From this it is concluded that, in agreement with the finding mentioned above, this energy mainly triggers damage formation in ion irradiated BiVO4. The energy for producing one displaced Bi atom as seen by RBS decreases with increasing damage concentration and varies between 33 and 3.4 eV.

On the mode-coupling treatment of collective density fluctuations for quantum liquids: para-hydrogen and normal liquid helium.

PubMed

Kletenik-Edelman, Orly; Reichman, David R; Rabani, Eran

2011-01-28

A novel quantum mode coupling theory combined with a kinetic approach is developed for the description of collective density fluctuations in quantum liquids characterized by Boltzmann statistics. Three mode-coupling approximations are presented and applied to study the dynamic response of para-hydrogen near the triple point and normal liquid helium above the λ-transition. The theory is compared with experimental results and to the exact imaginary time data generated by path integral Monte Carlo simulations. While for liquid para-hydrogen the combination of kinetic and quantum mode-coupling theory provides semi-quantitative results for both short and long time dynamics, it fails for normal liquid helium. A discussion of this failure based on the ideal gas limit is presented.

Chiral phases of superfluid 3He in an anisotropic medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sauls, J. A.

2013-12-01

Recent advances in the fabrication and characterization of anisotropic silica aerogels with exceptional homogeneity provide new insight into the nature of unconventional pairing in disordered anisotropic media. I report theoretical analysis and predictions for the equilibrium phases of superfluid 3He infused into a low-density, homogeneous uniaxial aerogel. Ginzburg-Landau (GL) theory for a class of equal-spin-pairing (ESP) states in a medium with uniaxial anisotropy is developed and used to analyze recent experiments on uniaxially strained aerogels. For 3He in an axially “stretched” aerogel, GL theory predicts a transition from normal liquid into a chiral Anderson-Morel phase at Tc1 in which the chirality axis l̂ is aligned along the strain axis. This orbitally aligned state is protected from random fluctuations in the anisotropy direction, has a positive nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) frequency shift, a sharp NMR resonance line, and is identified with the high-temperature ESP-1 phase of superfluid 3He in axially stretched aerogel. A second transition into a biaxial phase is predicted to onset at a slightly lower temperature Tc2

393 Redness of Skin: SSSS in a 10 Month Old Healthy Baby

PubMed Central

Nemeth, Agnes; Ablonczy, Maria; Sillo, Palma; Kun, Renata

2012-01-01

Background Infections are caused by staphylococcus bacteria commonly found on the skin or mucosal membranes of healthy patients. These bacterias can turn into blood stream and cause severe life-threatining conditions: severe erythema multiforme-like eruption of skin and lesions of the oral, genital and anal mucosa associated with fever, arthralgia and neurological symptoms. To find the correct diagnosis among mucocutaneous diseases sometimes difficult but is important for choosing the proper medication. Methods A 10 month old boy with symptoms starting 2 days before with upper airway tract infection, external otitis and some urticarial eruption on his body without fever. He was put on oral antihistamin and antibiotic treatment. He was reffered to our Department because of high fever, conjunctivitis, stomatitis and redness of his skin all over his body with some blister formation. He was unable to eat, he was in pain, but sleepy. After a few hours of his admission his fever became 39°C, severe exfoliation occured, and some large flaccid bullaes appeared and erupted, drained an amber-colored liquid and spreaded to cover extensive areas of his body revealing denuded skin. His history and symptoms suggested allergic reaction for his medication or autoimmun/ mucocutaneous disorder, but interestingly his laboratory tests were in the normal range. In spite of these to prevent a bacterial superinfection after bacterial culturing of throat, nose, skin, and blood, we introduced iv amoxicillin/clavulanic-acid therapy, cyclesonide eye drops, antiseptic local treatment of mouth (chlorhexidine digluconate) and skin (unguentum antisepticum). After 2 days his fever stopped and the top layer of his skin started to come off, partly powdery scales formed. Results The symptoms started to resolve slowly and the child became symptome free after 10 days. Bacterial culturing results confirmed the diagnosis of SSSS. The antibiotic treatment was completed on the tenth day. Conclusions Symptomes and appearence of the disease suggested several diseases but the laboratory tests were normal, making the diagnosis more difficult, the supposed diagnosis did not fit properly for the patient age. Careful observation of patients and the disease, exfoliative cytology and a biopsy, microbiological investigations allow the diagnosis, ruling out erythema multiforme and drug-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis, both which are similar to SSS Syndrome.

Lineage Analysis in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

monocrotaline pyrrole . The fate of lacZ-expressing cells will be correlated with immunofluorescent staining of endothelial marker CD31, mesenchymal marker...A) Pilot study: Time course of development of pulmonary hypertension in pneumonectomized mice injected with monocrotaline pyrrole (P/MCTP, n = 4... pyrrole . A, B) Normal muscular pulmonary artery (PA) adjacent to bronchiole (Br) A) hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E), B) elastin-van Gieson stain (EVG

Varenicline in Autism: Theory and Case Report of Clinical and Biochemical Changes.

PubMed

Mostafavi, Mojdeh; Hardy, Paul; Arnold, L Eugene

2016-11-01

To explore the potential benefits of varenicline (CHANTIX ® ), a highly specific partial agonist of neuronal α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), for autistic symptoms, and present resulting biochemical changes in light of dopamine-related genotype. The clinical and biochemical changes exhibited by a 19-year-old severely autistic man following the use of low-dose varenicline in an ABA experiment of nature, and his genotype, were extracted from chart review. Clinical outcome was measured by the Ohio Autism Clinical Impression Scale and 12 relevant urine and saliva metabolites were measured by Neuroscience Laboratory. With varenicline, this patient improved clinically and autonomic biochemical indicators in saliva and urine normalized, including dopamine, 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC), epinephrine, norepinephrine, taurine, and histamine levels. In addition, with varenicline, the dopamine D1 receptor (DRD1) antibody titer as well as the percent of baseline calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaM KII) activity dropped significantly. When varenicline stopped, he deteriorated; when it was resumed, he again improved. Doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 mg daily were tried before settling on a dose of 1.5 mg daily. He has remained on varenicline for over a year with no noticeable side effects. This report is, to the best of our knowledge, only the second to demonstrate positive effects of varenicline in autism, the first to show it in a severe case, and the first to show normalization of biochemical parameters related to genotype. As with the previous report, these encouraging results warrant further controlled research before clinical recommendations can be made.

Phenotype study with monoclonal antibodies of T lymphocyte colonies in normal individuals and in patients with chronic OKT8+ lymphocytic leukaemia.

PubMed Central

Andre, C; Farcet, J P; Oudhriri, N; Gourdin, M F; Bouguet, J; Reyes, F

1983-01-01

The lymphocyte colony forming capacity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from normal controls and from two patients with chronic OKT8+ lymphocytic leukaemia was determined in agar culture under PHA stimulation. The number and size of the colonies in patients were reduced compared to normal. The lymphocytic phenotype of colony cells was studied with monoclonal antibodies in colonies harvested from agar culture and in colonies expanded in liquid culture in the presence of TCGF. This study was performed in individual colonies and in pooled colonies. Colonies from normal controls contained a mixture of the OKT4+ and OKT8+ lymphocyte subsets. In contrast, colonies from the two patients contained essentially OKT4+ lymphocytes. The data indicate that, in the patients, progenitors of the OKT8+ subset are unresponsive to normal proliferative and/or differentiative stimuli under the present culture conditions. PMID:6606509

Oxygen and Air Nanobubble Water Solution Promote the Growth of Plants, Fishes, and Mice

PubMed Central

Ebina, Kosuke; Shi, Kenrin; Hirao, Makoto; Hashimoto, Jun; Kawato, Yoshitaka; Kaneshiro, Shoichi; Morimoto, Tokimitsu; Koizumi, Kota; Yoshikawa, Hideki

2013-01-01

Nanobubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties such as long lifetime in liquid owing to its negatively charged surface, and its high gas solubility into the liquid owing to its high internal pressure. They are used in variety of fields including diagnostic aids and drug delivery, while there are no reports assessing their effects on the growth of lives. Nanobubbles of air or oxygen gas were generated using a nanobubble aerator (BUVITAS; Ligaric Company Limited, Osaka, Japan). Brassica campestris were cultured hydroponically for 4 weeks within air-nanobubble water or within normal water. Sweetfish (for 3 weeks) and rainbow trout (for 6 weeks) were kept either within air-nanobubble water or within normal water. Finally, 5 week-old male DBA1/J mice were bred with normal free-chaw and free-drinking either of oxygen-nanobubble water or of normal water for 12 weeks. Oxygen-nanobubble significantly increased the dissolved oxygen concentration of water as well as concentration/size of nanobubbles which were relatively stable for 70 days. Air-nanobubble water significantly promoted the height (19.1 vs. 16.7 cm; P<0.05), length of leaves (24.4 vs. 22.4 cm; P<0.01), and aerial fresh weight (27.3 vs. 20.3 g; P<0.01) of Brassica campestris compared to normal water. Total weight of sweetfish increased from 3.0 to 6.4 kg in normal water, whereas it increased from 3.0 to 10.2 kg in air-nanobubble water. In addition, total weight of rainbow trout increased from 50.0 to 129.5 kg in normal water, whereas it increased from 50.0 to 148.0 kg in air-nanobubble water. Free oral intake of oxygen-nanobubble water significantly promoted the weight (23.5 vs. 21.8 g; P<0.01) and the length (17.0 vs. 16.1 cm; P<0.001) of mice compared to that of normal water. We have demonstrated for the first time that oxygen and air-nanobubble water may be potentially effective tools for the growth of lives. PMID:23755221

Oxygen and air nanobubble water solution promote the growth of plants, fishes, and mice.

PubMed

Ebina, Kosuke; Shi, Kenrin; Hirao, Makoto; Hashimoto, Jun; Kawato, Yoshitaka; Kaneshiro, Shoichi; Morimoto, Tokimitsu; Koizumi, Kota; Yoshikawa, Hideki

2013-01-01

Nanobubbles (<200 nm in diameter) have several unique properties such as long lifetime in liquid owing to its negatively charged surface, and its high gas solubility into the liquid owing to its high internal pressure. They are used in variety of fields including diagnostic aids and drug delivery, while there are no reports assessing their effects on the growth of lives. Nanobubbles of air or oxygen gas were generated using a nanobubble aerator (BUVITAS; Ligaric Company Limited, Osaka, Japan). Brassica campestris were cultured hydroponically for 4 weeks within air-nanobubble water or within normal water. Sweetfish (for 3 weeks) and rainbow trout (for 6 weeks) were kept either within air-nanobubble water or within normal water. Finally, 5 week-old male DBA1/J mice were bred with normal free-chaw and free-drinking either of oxygen-nanobubble water or of normal water for 12 weeks. Oxygen-nanobubble significantly increased the dissolved oxygen concentration of water as well as concentration/size of nanobubbles which were relatively stable for 70 days. Air-nanobubble water significantly promoted the height (19.1 vs. 16.7 cm; P<0.05), length of leaves (24.4 vs. 22.4 cm; P<0.01), and aerial fresh weight (27.3 vs. 20.3 g; P<0.01) of Brassica campestris compared to normal water. Total weight of sweetfish increased from 3.0 to 6.4 kg in normal water, whereas it increased from 3.0 to 10.2 kg in air-nanobubble water. In addition, total weight of rainbow trout increased from 50.0 to 129.5 kg in normal water, whereas it increased from 50.0 to 148.0 kg in air-nanobubble water. Free oral intake of oxygen-nanobubble water significantly promoted the weight (23.5 vs. 21.8 g; P<0.01) and the length (17.0 vs. 16.1 cm; P<0.001) of mice compared to that of normal water. We have demonstrated for the first time that oxygen and air-nanobubble water may be potentially effective tools for the growth of lives.

The 3H(d,γ)5He Reaction for Ec.m. ≤ 300 keV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parker, C. E.; Brune, C. R.; Massey, T. N.; O'Donnell, J. E.; Richard, A. L.; Sayre, D. B.

2016-03-01

The 3H(d, γ)5He reaction has been measured using a 500-keV pulsed deuteron beam incident on a stopping titanium tritide target at Ohio University's Edwards Accelerator Laboratory. The time-of-flight (TOF) technique has been used to distinguish the γ-rays from neutrons detected in the bismuth germinate (BGO) γ-ray detector. A stilbene scintillator and an NE-213 scintillator have been used to detect the neutrons from the 3H(d, n)4He reaction using both the pulse-shape discrimination and TOF techniques. A newly-designed target holder with a silicon surface barrier detector to simultaneously measure α-particles to normalize the neutron count was incorporated for subsequent measurements. The γ-rays have been measured at laboratory angles of 0°, 45°, 90°, and 135°. Information about the γ-ray energy distribution for the unbound ground state and first excited state of 5He can be obtained experimentally by comparing the BGO data to Monte Carlo simulations. The 3H(d, γ)/3H(d, n) branching ratio has also been determined.

The effect of mass transfer parameterization and ice retention on the scavenging and redistribution of SO2 by a deep convective cloud.

PubMed

Vučković, Vladan; Vujović, Dragana

2017-02-01

A chemistry module with the aqueous chemistry coupled with the complex 3D nonhydrostatic atmospheric model is used to investigate how the representation of gas-aqueous mass transfer and ice retention affect the SO 2 redistribution in the presence of a convective cloud. Gas uptake to the liquid water is calculated using both Henry's law equilibrium (HE) and kinetic mass transport (KMT). The constant retention coefficients for SO 2 (k ret  = 0.46) and for H 2 O 2 (k ret  = 0.64) are used. It is shown that the amount of SO 2 in the air at higher altitudes (10-12 km) is greater when partial retention (PR) is included. All values of k ret between 0 and 1 represented the partial retention (PR), while complete retention (CR) means the entire mass of the gas from the solution remained in the ice phase (k ret  = 1). Total mass of SO 2 in the air in the entire domain was greater in the case of PR than in the case when the CR was assumed (at the end of the integration time, 0.11% for HE and 0.61% for KMT) and in KMT than in the HE case (0.9% for CR and 1.4% for PR). The amount of SO 2 in the ice phase was lower in the case of PR for both HE and KMT. The highest concentrations of S(IV) in rainwater were in the case of HE-CR, while the smallest values were in the case of KMT-PR. Total precipitation of S(IV) in PR exhibits 90% relative to CR, if HE was assumed. When KMT was used, PR gives 81.7% S(IV) relative to CR. Scavenging was the highest in the HE-CR case and the lowest in the KMT-PR case. If HE is assumed, averaged cumulative mass (ACM) of S(IV) precipitation per unit of domain surface for the CR case was 11.1% greater than in the PR case (if KMT was assumed, this difference was greater, 22.4%). Similarly, ACM for HE is 24.1% greater than KMT for the CR case and 36.8% for the PR case.

Lactulose vs polyethylene glycol 3350--electrolyte solution for treatment of overt hepatic encephalopathy: the HELP randomized clinical trial.

PubMed

Rahimi, Robert S; Singal, Amit G; Cuthbert, Jennifer A; Rockey, Don C

2014-11-01

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common cause of hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Pharmacologic treatment for acute (overt) HE has remained the same for decades. To compare polyethylene glycol 3350-electrolyte solution (PEG) and lactulose treatments in patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital for HE. We hypothesized that rapid catharsis of the gut using PEG may resolve HE more effectively than lactulose. The HELP (Hepatic Encephalopathy: Lactulose vs Polyethylene Glycol 3350-Electrolyte Solution) study is a randomized clinical trial in an academic tertiary hospital of 50 patients with cirrhosis (of 186 screened) admitted for HE. Participants were block randomized to receive treatment with PEG, 4-L dose (n = 25), or standard-of-care lactulose (n = 25) during hospitalization. The primary end point was an improvement of 1 or more in HE grade at 24 hours, determined using the hepatic encephalopathy scoring algorithm (HESA), ranging from 0 (normal clinical and neuropsychological assessments) to 4 (coma). Secondary outcomes included time to HE resolution and overall length of stay. A total of 25 patients were randomized to each treatment arm. Baseline clinical features at admission were similar in the groups. Thirteen of 25 patients in the standard therapy arm (52%) had an improvement of 1 or more in HESA score, thus meeting the primary outcome measure, compared with 21 of 23 evaluated patients receiving PEG (91%) (P < .01); 1 patient was discharged before final analysis and 1 refused participation. The mean (SD) HESA score at 24 hours for patients receiving standard therapy changed from 2.3 (0.9) to 1.6 (0.9) compared with a change from 2.3 (0.9) to 0.9 (1.0) for the PEG-treated groups (P = .002). The median time for HE resolution was 2 days for standard therapy and 1 day for PEG (P = .01). Adverse events were uncommon, and none was definitely study related. PEG led to more rapid HE resolution than standard therapy, suggesting that PEG may be superior to standard lactulose therapy in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for acute HE. clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01283152.

Performance analysis of no-vent fill process for liquid hydrogen tank in terrestrial and on-orbit environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Lei; Li, Yanzhong; Zhang, Feini; Ma, Yuan

2015-12-01

Two finite difference computer models, aiming at the process predictions of no-vent fill in normal gravity and microgravity environments respectively, are developed to investigate the filling performance in a liquid hydrogen (LH2) tank. In the normal gravity case model, the tank/fluid system is divided into five control volume including ullage, bulk liquid, gas-liquid interface, ullage-adjacent wall, and liquid-adjacent wall. In the microgravity case model, vapor-liquid thermal equilibrium state is maintained throughout the process, and only two nodes representing fluid and wall regions are applied. To capture the liquid-wall heat transfer accurately, a series of heat transfer mechanisms are considered and modeled successively, including film boiling, transition boiling, nucleate boiling and liquid natural convection. The two models are validated by comparing their prediction with experimental data, which shows good agreement. Then the two models are used to investigate the performance of no-vent fill in different conditions and several conclusions are obtained. It shows that in the normal gravity environment the no-vent fill experiences a continuous pressure rise during the whole process and the maximum pressure occurs at the end of the operation, while the maximum pressure of the microgravity case occurs at the beginning stage of the process. Moreover, it seems that increasing inlet mass flux has an apparent influence on the pressure evolution of no-vent fill process in normal gravity but a little influence in microgravity. The larger initial wall temperature brings about more significant liquid evaporation during the filling operation, and then causes higher pressure evolution, no matter the filling process occurs under normal gravity or microgravity conditions. Reducing inlet liquid temperature can improve the filling performance in normal gravity, but cannot significantly reduce the maximum pressure in microgravity. The presented work benefits the understanding of the no-vent fill performance and may guide the design of on-orbit no-vent fill system.

Comparison of the Light Charged Particles on Scatter Radiation Dose in Thyroid Hadron Therapy

PubMed Central

Azizi, M; Mowlavi, AA

2014-01-01

Background: Hadron therapy is a novel technique of cancer radiation therapy which employs charged particles beams, 1H and light ions in particular. Due to their physical and radiobiological properties, they allow one to obtain a more conformal treatment, sparing better the healthy tissues located in proximity of the tumor and allowing a higher control of the disease. Objective: As it is well known, these light particles can interact with nuclei in the tissue, and produce the different secondary particles such as neutron and photon. These particles can damage specially the critical organs behind of thyroid gland. Methods: In this research, we simulated neck geometry by MCNPX code and calculated the light particles dose at distance of 2.14 cm in thyroid gland, for different particles beam: 1H, 2H, 3He, and 4He. Thyroid treatment is important because the spine and vertebrae is situated right behind to the thyroid gland on the posterior side. Results: The results show that 2H has the most total flux for photon and neutron, 1.944E-3 and 1.7666E-2, respectively. Whereas 1H and 3He have best conditions, 8.88609E-4 and 1.35431E-3 for photon, 4.90506E-4 and 4.34057E-3 for neutron, respectively. The same calculation has obtained for energy depositions for these particles. Conclusion: In this research, we investigated that which of these light particles can deliver the maximum dose to the normal tissues and the minimum dose to the tumor. By comparing these results for the mentioned light particles, we find out 1H and 3He is the best therapy choices for thyroid glands whereas 2H is the worst. PMID:25505774

A remote access ecg monitoring system - biomed 2009.

PubMed

Ogawa, Hidekuni; Yonezawa, Yoshiharu; Maki, Hiromichi; Iwamoto, Junichi; Hahn, Allen W; Caldwell, W Morton

2009-01-01

We have developed a remotely accessible telemedicine system for monitoring a patient's electrocardiogram (ECG). The system consists of an ECG recorder mounted on chest electrodes and a physician's laptop personal computer. This ECG recorder is designed with a variable gain instrumentation amplifier; a low power 8-bit single-chip microcomputer; two 128KB EEPROMs and 2.4 GHz low transmit power mobile telephone. When the physician wants to monitor the patient's ECG, he/she calls directly from the laptop PC to the ECG recorder's phone and the recorder sends the ECG to the computer. The electrode-mounted recorder continuously samples the ECG. Additionally, when the patient feels a heart discomfort, he/she pushes a data transmission switch on the recorder and the recorder sends the recorded ECG waveforms of the two prior minutes, and for two minutes after the switch is pressed. The physician can display and monitor the data on the computer's liquid crystal display.

Bernal's road to random packing and the structure of liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finney, John L.

2013-11-01

Until the 1960s, liquids were generally regarded as either dense gases or disordered solids, and theoretical attempts at understanding their structures and properties were largely based on those concepts. Bernal, himself a crystallographer, was unhappy with either approach, preferring to regard simple liquids as 'homogeneous, coherent and essentially irregular assemblages of molecules containing no crystalline regions'. He set about realizing this conceptual model through a detailed examination of the structures and properties of random packings of spheres. In order to test the relevance of the model to real liquids, ways had to be found to realize and characterize random packings. This was at a time when computing was slow and in its infancy, so he and his collaborators set about building models in the laboratory, and examining aspects of their structures in order to characterize them in ways which would enable comparison with the properties of real liquids. Some of the imaginative - often time consuming and frustrating - routes followed are described, as well the comparisons made with the properties of simple liquids. With the increase of the power of computers in the 1960s, computational approaches became increasingly exploited in random packing studies. This enabled the use of packing concepts, and the tools developed to characterize them, in understanding systems as diverse as metallic glasses, crystal-liquid interfaces, protein structures, enzyme-substrate interactions and the distribution of galaxies, as well as their exploitation in, for example, oil extraction, understanding chromatographic separation columns, and packed beds in industrial processes.

[Effect of jingui shenqi pill on morphology of injured spinal cell apoptosis in rats caused by brachytherapy].

PubMed

Xiao, Lu-wei; Shen, Jin-wen; Wu, Cheng-liang

2006-07-01

To study the effect of Jingui Shenqi Pill (JSP) on morphology of spinal cell apoptosis in rats injured by 192Ir irradiation. One hundred and twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups: the model group, the JSP group, the prednisone group and the normal group. Corresponding pharmaceutics were given to rats once a day for 14 days respectively. Then except rats in the normal group, the others received 192Ir interstitial irradiation with the dosage of 22 Gy using back-fixing technology. The injured segments of spinal cord were taken out for HE staining, TUNEL examination and observation with electron microscope 8 hrs, 24 hrs and 4 weeks after irradiation. HE staining examination showed no obvious histological change in rats 8 and 24 hrs after irradiation, but pathological changes, as tissue rarefaction and hemorrhage did found in white matter of spinal cord shown by TUNEL 4 weeks later. Electron microscopic examination and TUNEL staining showed that as compared with the model group, the apoptotic index in the JSP and predinisone treated groups was significantly lower (P < 0.01) 8 hrs after radiation, but it showed insignificant difference between groups at the time points of 24 hrs and 4 weeks after radiation (P > 0.05). JSP could act against apoptosis of gliocyte in spinal cord of rats in early stage after brachytherapy, indicating that JSP possessing a prednisone-like action.

Phonon-roton modes of liquid 4He beyond the roton in MCM-41

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Azuah, Richard T; Omar Diallo, Souleymane; Adams, Mark A.

2013-01-01

We present neutron scattering measurements of the phonon-roton (P-R) mode of superfluid 4He confined in 47 A MCM-41 at T = 0.5 K at wave vectors, Q, beyond the roton wave vector (QR = 1.92 A-1). Measurements beyond the roton require access to high wave vectors (up to Q = 4 A-1) with excellent energy resolution and high statistical precision. The present results show for the first time that at T = 0.5 K the P-R mode in MCM-41 extends out to wave-vector Q 3.6 A-1 with the same energy and zero width (within precision) as observed in bulk superfluidmore » 4He. Layer modes in the roton region are also observed. Specifically, the P-R mode energy, !Q, increases with Q for Q > QR and reaches a plateau at a maximum energy !Q = 2 where is the roton energy, = 0.74 0.01 meV in MCM-41. This upper limit means the P-R mode decays to two rotons when its energy exceeds 2 . It also means that the P-R mode does not decay to two layers modes. If the P-R could decay to two layer modes, !Q would plateau at a lower energy, !Q = 2 L where L = 0.60 meV is the energy of the roton like minimum of the layer mode. The observation of the P-R mode with energy up to 2 shows that the P-R mode and the layer modes are independent modes with apparently little interaction between them.« less

Lessons from geothermal gases at Yellowstone

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowenstern, J. B.; Bergfeld, D.; Evans, W.; Hurwitz, S.

2015-12-01

The magma-hydrothermal system of the Yellowstone Plateau Volcanic Field encompasses over ten thousand individual springs, seeps, and fumaroles spread out over >9000 square kilometers, and produces a range of acid, neutral and alkaline waters. A prominent model (Fournier, 1989 and related papers) concludes that many neutral and alkaline fluids found in hot springs and geysers are derived from a uniform, high-enthalpy parent fluid through processes such as deep boiling and mixing with dilute meteoric groundwater. Acid waters are generally condensates of gas-bearing steam that boils off of subsurface geothermal waters. Our recent studies of gases at Yellowstone (Lowenstern et al., 2015 and references therein) are compatible with such a model, but also reveal that gases are largely decoupled from thermal waters due to open-system addition of abundant deep gas to (comparatively) shallow circulating thermal waters. Fumarole emissions at Yellowstone range from gas-rich (up to 15 mol%) composed of deeply derived CO2, He and CH4, to steam-rich emissions (<0.01% gas) dominated by N2 and Ar. The clear implication is that deep gas is diluted with atmospheric gas boiled off of geothermal liquids. The general trend is antithetical to that predicted by progressive boiling of a parent fluid (Rayleigh or batch degassing), where decreasing gas content should correlate with increasing proportions of soluble gas (i.e., CO2). Deep gas at Yellowstone fits into two general categories: 1) mantle-derived CO2 with a hotspot He isotope signature (>16 RA) and low CH4 and He concentrations and 2) mantle-derived CO2 with much higher CH4 and/or He concentrations and abundant radiogenic He picked up from crustal degassing. Individual thermal areas have distinct CH4/He. It remains unclear whether some gas ratios mainly reflect subsurface geothermal temperatures. Instead, they may simply reflect signatures imparted by local rock types and mixing on timescales too fast for reequilibration. Overall, the gas chemistry reflects a broader view of mantle-crust dynamics than can be appreciated by studies of only dissolved solutes in the neutral and alkaline waters from Yellowstone geysers. Fournier (1989) Ann. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci. v. 17, p. 13-53. Lowenstern et al. (2015) JVGR, v. 302, 87-101.

EXPERIMENTAL ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND BLOOD PRESSURE IN THE RABBIT

PubMed Central

Dominguez, R.

1927-01-01

1. Van Leersum's range for the normal blood pressure in the rabbit, as recorded by his method, is confirmed. 2. Van Leersum's conclusion concerning the influence of a liver diet on the blood pressure of the rabbit is not substantiated by his data, since the fluctuations of blood pressure he obtained do not surpass his own recorded figures for normal animals. 3. Fluctuations of systolic blood pressure beyond the "normal" range are not necessary for the production of experimental atherosclerosis of the aorta in rabbits. Inversely, egg yolk feeding experiments in rabbits in which atherosclerosis of varying degree, even extreme, is obtained, are not accompanied by an elevation of blood pressure outside the "normal" range. 4. The fluctuations of blood pressure observed during experimental atherosclerosis do not simulate the condition of essential hypertension in man. PMID:19869349

Ultra-fast vapour-liquid-solid synthesis of Si nanowires using ion-beam implanted gallium as catalyst.

PubMed

Hetzel, Martin; Lugstein, Alois; Zeiner, Clemens; Wójcik, Tomasz; Pongratz, Peter; Bertagnolli, Emmerich

2011-09-30

The feasibility of gallium as a catalyst for vapour-liquid-solid (VLS) nanowire (NW) growth deriving from an implantation process in silicon by a focused ion beam (FIB) is investigated. Si(100) substrates are subjected to FIB implantation of gallium ions with various ion fluence rates. NW growth is performed in a hot wall chemical vapour deposition (CVD) reactor at temperatures between 400 and 500 °C with 2% SiH(4)/He as precursor gas. This process results in ultra-fast growth of (112)- and (110)-oriented Si-NWs with a length of several tens of micrometres. Further investigation by transmission electron microscopy indicates the presence of a NW core-shell structure: while the NW core yields crystalline structuring, the shell consists entirely of amorphous material.

The Effect of Microporous Polymeric Support Modification on Surface and Gas Transport Properties of Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes.

PubMed

Akhmetshina, Alsu A; Davletbaeva, Ilsiya M; Grebenschikova, Ekaterina S; Sazanova, Tatyana S; Petukhov, Anton N; Atlaskin, Artem A; Razov, Evgeny N; Zaripov, Ilnaz I; Martins, Carla F; Neves, Luísa A; Vorotyntsev, Ilya V

2015-12-30

Microporous polymers based on anionic macroinitiator and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate were used as a support for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF₆]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf₂N]) immobilization. The polymeric support was modified by using silica particles associated in oligomeric media, and the influence of the modifier used on the polymeric structure was studied. The supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) were tested for He, N₂, NH₃, H₂S, and CO₂ gas separation and ideal selectivities were calculated. The high values of ideal selectivity for ammonia-based systems with permanent gases were observed on polymer matrixes immobilized with [bmim][PF₆] and [emim][Tf₂N]. The modification of SILMs by nanosize silica particles leads to an increase of NH₃ separation relatively to CO₂ or H₂S.

A case report of life-threatening acute dysphagia in dermatomyositis: Challenges in diagnosis and treatment.

PubMed

Kwon, Kyoung Min; Lee, Jung Soo; Kim, Yeo Hyung

2018-04-01

Although dysphagia is a known complication of dermatomyositis, sudden onset of dysphagia without the notable aggravation of other symptoms can make the diagnosis and treatment challenging. A 53-year-old male diagnosed as dermatomyositis 1 month ago came to our emergency department complaining of a sudden inability to swallow solid foods and liquids. The patient showed generalized edema, but the muscle power was not different compared with 1 month ago. Serum creatine kinase level was lower than that measured 2 weeks ago. Computed tomography scan of the larynx, chest, abdomen, and pelvis, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy, and brain magnetic resonance imaging were unremarkable. A videofluoroscopic swallowing study revealed inadequate pharyngeal contraction and slightly decreased upper esophageal sphincter opening with silent aspiration. Treatment with oral prednisolone, intravenous methylprednisolone, azathioprine, and intravenous immunoglobulins was applied. During the course of medical treatment for life-threatening dysphagia, he continued with rehabilitative therapy. He could swallow saliva at 2 months and showed normal swallowing function at 3 months from the onset of dysphagia. Dysphagia has not recurred for 3 years after recovery. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary to diagnose severe acute dysphagia due to exacerbation of underlying dermatomyositis rather than other structural or neurological causes. Appropriate supportive care is important because dysphagia can be life-threatening and last for a long time.

Cytotoxicity of cancer HeLa cells sensitivity to normal MCF10A cells in cultivations with cell culture medium treated by microwave-excited atmospheric pressure plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, Yohei; Taki, Yusuke; Takeda, Keigo; Hashizume, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Hiromasa; Ishikawa, Kenji; Hori, Masaru

2018-03-01

Cytotoxic effects of human epithelial carcinoma HeLa cells sensitivity to human mammary epithelial MCF10A cells appeared in incubation with the plasma-activated medium (PAM), where the cell culture media were irradiated with the hollow-shaped contact of a continuously discharged plasma that was sustained by application of a microwave power under Ar gas flow at atmospheric pressure. The discharged plasma had an electron density of 7  ×  1014 cm-3. As the nozzle exit to the plasma source was a distance of 5 mm to the medium, concentrations of 180 µM for H2O2 and 77 µM for NO2- were generated in the PAM for 30 s irradiation, resulting in the control of irradiation periods for aqueous H2O2 with a generation rate of 6.0 µM s-1, and nitrite ion (NO2- ) with a rate of 2.2 µM s-1. Effective concentrations of H2O2 and NO2- for the antitumor effects were revealed in the microwave-excited PAM, with consideration of the complicated reactions at the plasma-liquid interfaces.

Risk Assessment and Scaling for the SLS LH2 ET

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hafiychuk, Halyna; Ponizovskaya-Devine, Ekaterina; Luchinsky, Dmitry; Khasin, Michael; Osipov, Viatcheslav V.; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.

2012-01-01

In this report the main physics processes in LH2 tank during prepress and rocket flight are studied. The goal of this investigation is to analyze possible hazards and to make risk assessment in proposed LH2 tank designs for SLS with 5 engines (the situation with 4 engines is less critical). For analysis we use the multinode model (MNM) developed by us and presented in a separate report and also 3D ANSYS simulations. We carry out simulation and theoretical analysis the physics processes such as (i) accumulation of bubbles in LH2 during replenish stage and their collapsing in the liquid during the prepress; (ii) condensation-evaporation at the liquid-vapor interface and tank wall, (iv) heating the liquid near the interface and wall due to condensation and environment heat, (v) injection of hot He during prepress and of hot GH2 during flight, (vi) mixing and cooling of the injected gases due to heat transfer between the gases, liquid and the tank wall. We analyze the effects of these physical processes on the thermo- and fluid gas dynamics in the ullage and on the stratification of temperature in the liquid and assess the associated hazards. A special emphasize is put on the scaling predictions for the larger SLS LH2 tank.

Your Retirement Nest Egg: A Goose Egg or a Golden Goose

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stein, Lawrence

2010-01-01

For years, people have been taught that maintaining liquidity of assets, particularly at retirement, is beneficial. One's liquidity, that is, monies he/she controls and has ready access to for discretionary withdrawals, translates into uncertainty to the company holding those assets because they can be withdrawn at any time. If one can increase a…

On Two Metaphors for Pedagogy and Creativity in the Digital Era: Liquid and Solid Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Das, Simon

2012-01-01

As part of a belief in higher education (HE) aiding "creative capital", McWilliam and Dawson argue for a shift in pedagogic attention towards "Small C" creativity, which emphasises group endeavour over individual. Their radical 'liquid-learning" prescription, based on swarm intelligence, gives rise to the pedagogy of metagroups and modes of…

[Protective effect of Tanreqing injection on acute hepatic injury induced by CCl4 in rats].

PubMed

Lei, Yang; Zhou, Ai-Min; Guo, Tao; Tan, Ye; Tao, Yan-Yan; Liu, Cheng-Hai

2013-04-01

To observe the protective effect of Tanreqing injection(TRQ) on carbon tetrachloride-induced acute hepatic injury in rats. Rats were randomly divided into the normal group and the model group, and injected subcutaneously with 100% CCl4 5 mL x kg(-1) to establish the single CCl4 infection model, in order to observe the changes in rat liver injury after 3 h and 6 h. Subsequently, the multiple CCl4 infection liver injury model was reproduced by subcutaneously injecting 100% CCl4 (5 mL x kg(-1)), 50% CCl4 olive oil solution (2 mL x kg(-1)) and then 20% CCl4 olive oil solution (2 mL x kg(-1)). At 6 h after the first CCl4 injection, the rats were divided into six groups: the model group, the control group, the diammonium glycyrrhizinate-treated group, and TRQ high, middle and low dose groups. They were injected through caudal veins, while a normal control group was set up. Their weight and liver-body ratio were observed. Hepatic inflammation was observed with HE staining. Assay kits were adopted to detect ALT, AST, T. Bil, D. Bil, CHE, TBA, gamma-GT and Alb. According to the single injection model, serum AST and T. Bil of model rats were obviously increased at 6 h after single subcutaneous injection of CCl4, with disordered lobular structure in liver tissues, notable swollen liver cells and remarkable liver injury. According to the results of the multiple injection pharmacological experiment, compared with the normal group, the model group had higher serum ALT, AST, and gamma-GT activities (P < 0. 05), TBA and T. Bil contents (P < 0.05) and lower CHE activity (P < 0.05). HE staining showed disorganized lobular structure in liver tissues and notable ballooning degeneration in liver cells. Compared with the model group, TRQ high and middle dose groups and the diammonium glycyrrhizinate-treated group showed significant charges in serum liver function and inflammation in liver cells. Specifically, TRQ high and middle dose groups were superior to the diammonium glycyrrhizinate-treated group. Tanreqing injection has significant protective effect on CCl4-induced acute hepatic injury in rats.

Pressure Swing Absorption Device and Process for Separating CO{sub 2} from Shifted Syngas and its Capture for Subsequent Storage

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sirkar, Kamalesh; Jie, Xingming; Chau, John

Using the ionic liquid (IL) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dicyanamide ([bmim][DCA]) as the absorbent on the shell side of a membrane module containing either a porous hydrophobized ceramic tubule or porous hydrophobized polyether ether ketone (PEEK) hollow fiber membranes, studies for CO{sub 2} removal from hot simulated pre-combustion shifted syngas were carried out by a novel pressure swing membrane absorption (PSMAB) process. Helium was used as a surrogate for H{sub 2} in a simulated shifted syngas with CO{sub 2} around 40% (dry gas basis). In this cyclic separation process, the membrane module was used to achieve non-dispersive gas absorption from a high-pressure feedmore » gas (689-1724 kPag; 100-250 psig) at temperatures between 25-1000C into a stationary absorbent liquid on the module shell side during a certain part of the cycle followed by among other cycle steps controlled desorption of the absorbed gases from the liquid in the rest of the cycle. Two product streams were obtained, one He-rich and the other CO{sub 2}-rich. Addition of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer of generation 0 to IL [bmim][DCA] improved the system performance at higher temperatures. The solubilities of CO{sub 2} and He were determined in the ionic liquid with or without the dendrimer in solution as well as in the presence or absence of moisture; polyethylene glycol (PEG) 400 was also studied as a replacement for the IL. The solubility selectivity of the ionic liquid containing the dendrimer for CO{sub 2} over helium was considerably larger than that for the pure ionic liquid. The solubility of CO{sub 2} and CO{sub 2}-He solubility selectivity of PEG 400 and a solution of the dendrimer in PEG 400 were higher than the corresponding ones in the IL, [bmim][DCA]. A mathematical model was developed to describe the PSMAB process; a numerical solution of the governing equations described successfully the observed performance of the PSMAB process for the pure ionic liquid-based system.« less

Ab Initio Predictions of K, He and Ar Partitioning Between Silicate Melt and Liquid Iron Under High Pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiong, Z.; Tsuchiya, T.

2017-12-01

Element partitioning is an important property in recording geochemical processes during the core-mantle differentiation. However, experimental measurements of element partitioning coefficients under extreme temperature and pressure condition are still challenging. Theoretical modeling is also not easy, because it requires estimation of high temperature Gibbs free energy, which is not directly accessible by the standard molecular dynamics method. We recently developed an original technique to simulate Gibbs free energy based on the thermodynamics integration method[1]. We apply it to element partitioning of geochemical intriguing trace elements between molten silicate and liquid iron such as potassium, helium and argon as starting examples. Radiogenic potassium in the core can provide energy for Earth's magnetic field, convection in the mantle and outer core[2]. However, its partitioning behavior between silicate and iron remains unclear under high pressure[3,4]. Our calculations suggest that a clear positive temperature dependence of the partitioning coefficient but an insignificant pressure effect. Unlike sulfur and silicon, oxygen dissolved in the metals considerably enhances potassium solubility. Calculated electronic structures reveal alkali-metallic feature of potassium in liquid iron, favoring oxygen with strong electron affinity. Our results suggest that 40K could serve as a potential radiogenic heat source in the outer core if oxygen is the major light element therein.­­ We now further extend our technique to partitioning behaviors of other elements, helium and argon, to get insides into the `helium paradox' and `missing argon' problems. References [1] T. Taniuchi, and T. Tsuchiya, Phys.Rev.B. In press [2] B.A. Buffett, H.E. Huppert, J.R. Lister, and A.W. Woods, Geophys.Res.Lett. 29 (1996) 7989-8006. [3] V.R. Murthy, W. Westrenen, and Y. Fei, Nature. 426 (2003) 163-165. [4] A. Corgne, S.Keshav, Y. Fei, and W.F. McDonough, Earth.Planet.Sci.Lett. 256 (2007) 567-576

Optimized Hypernetted-Chain Solutions for Helium -4 Surfaces and Metal Surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, Guo-Xin

This thesis is a study of inhomogeneous Bose systems such as liquid ('4)He slabs and inhomogeneous Fermi systems such as the electron gas in metal films, at zero temperature. Using a Jastrow-type many-body wavefunction, the ground state energy is expressed by means of Bogoliubov-Born-Green-Kirkwood -Yvon and Hypernetted-Chain techniques. For Bose systems, Euler-Lagrange equations are derived for the one- and two -body functions and systematic approximation methods are physically motivated. It is shown that the optimized variational method includes a self-consistent summation of ladder- and ring-diagrams of conventional many-body theory. For Fermi systems, a linear potential model is adopted to generate the optimized Hartree-Fock basis. Euler-Lagrange equations are derived for the two-body correlations which serve to screen the strong bare Coulomb interaction. The optimization of the pair correlation leads to an expression of correlation energy in which the state averaged RPA part is separated. Numerical applications are presented for the density profile and pair distribution function for both ('4)He surfaces and metal surfaces. Both the bulk and surface energies are calculated in good agreement with experiments.

Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from cell suspension cultures of Cucumis sativus L.

PubMed

Chee, P P; Tricoli, D M

1988-06-01

A procedure for the regeneration of whole cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Poinsett 76) by embryogenesis from cell suspension cultures is described. Embryogenic callus was initiated from the primary leaves of 14-17 day old plants. Suspension cultures of embryogenic cells were grown in liquid Murashige and Skoog basal medium containing 5 uM 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid and 4 uM 6-benzylaminopurine. Suspension cultures were composed of a population of cells that were densely cytoplasmic and potentially embryogenic. Differentiation of embryos was enhanced by washing the suspension culture cells with MS basal medium containing 0.5% activated charcoal and twice with MS basal medium followed by liquid shake cultures in MS basal medium. Sixty to 70 percent of the embryos prewashed with activated charcoal germinated into plantlets with normal morphology. Embryos obtained from suspension cultured cells without prewashing with activated charcoal organized into plantlets with abnormal primary leaves. Morphologically normal plantlets were obtained by excising the shoot tips and transferring them to fresh medium.

Dissociation between diurnal cycles in locomotor activity, feeding behavior and hepatic PERIOD2 expression in chronic alcohol-fed mice

PubMed Central

Zhou, Peng; Werner, John H.; Lee, Donghoon; Sheppard, Aaron D.; Liangpunsakul, Suthat; Duffield, Giles E.

2015-01-01

Chronic alcohol consumption contributes to fatty liver disease. Our studies revealed that the hepatic circadian clock is disturbed in alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis, and effects of chronic alcohol administration upon the clock itself may contribute to steatosis. We extended these findings to explore the effects of chronic alcohol treatment on daily feeding and locomotor activity patterns. Mice were chronically pair-fed ad libitum for 4 weeks using the Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet, with calorie-controlled liquid and standard chow diets as control groups. Locomotor activity, feeding activity, and real-time bioluminescence recording of PERIOD2::LUCIFERASE expression in tissue explants were measured. Mice on liquid control and chow diets exhibited normal profiles of locomotor activity, with a ratio of 22:78% day/night activity and a peak during early night. This pattern was dramatically altered in alcohol-fed mice, marked by a 49:51% ratio and the absence of a distinct peak. While chow-diet fed mice had a normal 24:76% ratio of feeding activity, with a peak in the early night, this pattern was dramatically altered in both liquid-diet groups: mice had a 43:57% ratio, and an absence of a distinct peak. Temporal differences were also observed between the two liquid-diet groups during late day. Cosinor analysis revealed a ~4-h and ~6-h shift in the alcohol-fed group feeding and locomotor activity rhythms, respectively. Analysis of hepatic PER2 expression revealed that the molecular clock in alcohol-fed and control liquid-diet mice was shifted by ~11 h and ~6 h, respectively. No differences were observed in suprachiasmatic nucleus explants, suggesting that changes in circadian phase in the liver were generated independently from the central clock. These results suggest that chronic alcohol consumption and a liquid diet can differentially modulate the daily rhythmicity of locomotor and feeding behaviors, aspects that might contribute to disturbances in the circadian timing system and development of hepatic steatosis. PMID:25960184

Search for the Acoustic Faraday Effect in Superfluid ^3He-B

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Y.; Haard, T. M.; Kycia, J. B.; Halperin, W. P.

1997-03-01

Transverse zero sound is another propagating mode predicted to exist in Fermi liquids by Landau. However, it has been difficult to achieve clear experimental evidence for propagating transverse zero sound in ^3He. A recent theoretical calculation(G.F. Moores and J.A. Sauls, JLTP 91), 13 (1993). showed that this mode may be rather easily detected at very low temperatures in the B-phase of superfluid ^3He. Futhermore, in the presence of a magnetic field the polarization of the sound wave rotates as it propagates, which is analogous to the Faraday effect in optics. We report our preliminary experimental results on the acoustic Faraday effect in ^3He-B.

Comparison of HPLC and CE for the analysis of dichlorprop in a case of intoxication.

PubMed

West, A; Frost, M; Köhler, H

1997-01-01

A 49-year-old white male was found lying unconscious at home. He had vomited, his mouth was filled with a white foam and a pungent odour filled the room. After emergency treatment blood, urine and stomach contents were screened for drugs after acid and alkaline extraction with subsequent derivatisation and GC-MS analysis. Large quantites of 2,4-dichlorophenoxypropionic acid (dichlorprop, 2,4-DP) were found in all acid extracts. The man died 3 h later in hospital. Body fluids and tissues obtained at autopsy were analysed for 2,4-DP by high-performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. The concentrations of 2,4-DP in cardiac blood, stomach contents, bile, liver, spleen, kidney and brain found by both methods were very similar.

Disturbed gastric emptying in the short bowel syndrome. Evidence for a 'colonic brake'.

PubMed Central

Nightingale, J M; Kamm, M A; van der Sijp, J R; Morris, G P; Walker, E R; Mather, S J; Britton, K E; Lennard-Jones, J E

1993-01-01

Gastric emptying of liquid (orange juice containing technetium-99m (99mTc) labelled antimony sulphide colloid) and solid (570 kcal pancake containing 0.5 mm resin microspheres labelled with Indium-111 (111-In)) was measured in seven patients with jejunum and no colon (jejunal lengths 30-160 cm), six patients with jejunum in continuity with the colon (jejunal length 25-75 cm), and in 12 normal subjects. In patients with no colon early emptying of liquid was rapid (median 25% emptying: 7 v 25 min, no colon v normal, p < 0.05); early gastric emptying of solid was rapid in two (each with less than 100 cm jejunum) and normal in the other five. Gastric emptying of liquid and solid for patients with jejunum in continuity with the colon was normal for the first three hours. There was increased liquid and solid retained in the stomach at six hours in both groups of patients (p < 0.01). Small bowel transit time was faster than in normal subjects for liquid in both groups of patients (p < 0.05) and for solid in those with no colon (p < 0.05). Rapid gastric emptying of liquid may contribute to the large stomal output in patients with a high jejunostomy. Preservation of the colon after a major small intestinal resection exerts a braking effect on the rate of early gastric emptying of liquid. PMID:8406148

Parents seek early intervention services for a two-year-old without autism.

PubMed

Reddy, Arathi; Graves, Crista; Augustyn, Marilyn

2011-10-01

Sam is a 27-month-old boy who you have followed since birth. He lives with his parents in a small resort town approximately 90 miles outside a major city. Both his parents are professionals in their late 30s and have been highly involved in his care since birth. At the 12-month visit, they were concerned about his difficulty regulating. He was not sleeping through the night and had significant difficulty with baths. His physical examination and growth were normal. His eye contact was good, although it was difficult to see him smile. He had 1 or 2 words and was beginning to walk independently.At the 15-month checkup, they continued to be concerned about his poor regulation. He napped sporadically, and he was very difficult to take out on errands as he did not like his car seat. He now had approximately 10 single words, was using his fingers to point, and very clearly waved "bye bye" as soon as you entered the room.At the 18-month checkup, they state that he has not yet learned the word "no." He will follow a 1-step command when he wants to but now has 15 single words without any combinations. He points for his needs and to show them something. He has become increasingly "shy" around strangers and prefers to play with one other child as opposed to a larger group. He does not like loud noises and prefers to go barefoot constantly. His physical examination was again normal as was his growth. He is referred for a full hearing evaluation, which is also normal. The family was referred to early intervention, and he began receiving speech and language therapy and occupational therapy for his sensory challenges as well as a play group.At the 24-month checkup, his language continued to consist of single words-now approximately 30. When the parents do not understand what he wants, he will often tantrum and has started banging his head on the floor when frustrated. He has no repetitive behaviors and is starting to demonstrate imaginative play. Bath time has becoming increasingly challenging because he does not like the sensation of soap and the water temperature must be "just right." You refer the child to a Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrician for evaluation and at 28 months he is seen. During his testing visit, he had decreased eye contact and followed his own agenda but improved significantly as testing progressed. As he got more comfortable, he began making good eye contact, social referenced, and exhibited joint attention with his parents and the examiner. He did not meet criteria for an autism spectrum disorder or specifically pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS). He was given a diagnosis of mixed receptive and expressive language delay and disruptive behavior disorder with sensory processing problems.The parents come to you a month after their evaluation visit asking you to give him a "listed diagnosis of PDD-NOS" that could be removed when he turns 3 years so that he may qualify for increased hours of services-up to 15 hours per week-as well as applied behavioral analysis therapy. A behavioral therapist through early intervention has told the family that he would benefit from this increased intervention, specifically applied behavioral analysis but the only way he can receive it is with a "medical diagnosis" on the autism spectrum. What do you do next?

[Two Cases of Germ Cell Tumors with Hyperthyroidism Due to High Serum hCGLevels].

PubMed

Chihara, Ichiro; Nitta, Satoshi; Kimura, Tomokazu; Kandori, Shuya; Kawahara, Takashi; Waku, Natsui; Kojima, Takahiro; Joraku, Akira; Miyazaki, Jun; Iwasaki, Hitoshi; Suzuki, Hiroaki; Kawai, Koji; Nishiyama, Hiroyuki

2016-09-01

We reported two cases of hyperthyroidism that developed during induction chemotherapy for advanced germ cell tumors with high serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) levels. Case 1 : An 18-year-old man with mediastinal choriocarcinoma complained of tachycardia and tremor. His pretreatment serum hCG level was 1.37 million mIU/ml. The free thyroxine (fT4) level measured on day 2 of the first course of bleomycin, etoposide and cisplatin (BEP) was elevated to 7.8 ng/dl (＜1.7 ng/dl), whereasthe thyroidstimulating hormone (TSH) level was undetectable. We diagnosed the patient with hyperthyroidism and started oral propranolol and thiamazole. Subsequently, his tachycardia and tremor disappeared. On day 12 of the first course of BEP, his hCG level decreased to less than 50,000 mIU/ml. Also, his fT4 level returned to the normal range. Case 2 : A 29-year-old man presented with a left scrotal mass. He was diagnosed with non-seminoma testicular cancer (embryonal carcinoma and choriocarcinoma) with multiple lung, liver and lymph node metastases. On the admission day, his serum hCG and fT4 levels were high ; 3.23 million mIU/ml and 2.2 ng/dl, respectively. The TSH level was low at 0.011 mIU/ml. On day 3 of the first course of BEP, his hCG and fT4 levels increased to 4.5 million mIU/ml and 3.0 ng/dl, respectively. He complained of tachycardia, tremor and hyperhydrosis. He was started on propranolol and potassium iodide. After the treatment, histachycardia, tremor and hyperhidrosisdis appeared. HisfT4 level normalized on day 17 of the first course of BEP. The TSH-like activity of hCG is considered to be responsible for paraneoplastic hyperthyroidism among germ cell cancer patients with high hCG levels. To our knowledge, thisisthe first report of such a case in Japan. However, thisphenomenon isnot rare among patients with extremely high hCG levels. Therefore, we should be careful of these patients.

Large Grüneisen Gamma of Dense Silicate Liquids: More Experiments and a First Self- consistent Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asimow, P. D.; Mosenfelder, J. L.; Ahrens, T. J.; Sun, D.

2007-12-01

The Grüneisen parameter, γ, of solid materials normally decreases upon compression, approximately as γρq = constant where q=1. However, multiple lines of evidence now indicate the opposite behavior in silicate liquids, in which γ increases upon compression (i.e., q<0). This was observed in shock-melted (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 liquid by Brown et al. [1] via comparison of the Hugoniot and release velocity. We observed the same behavior in Mg2SiO4 liquid (q ≤ -1.5) from comparison of the Hugoniots of forsterite and wadsleyite [2]. First-principles molecular dynamics simulations of MgSiO3 liquid [3] confirm that γ increases with density and show that γ in the liquid phase mimics solids with similar Si coordination state. Hence a continuous increase in γ of silicate liquids to lowermost mantle pressures, well beyond the range where transition to six-coordination of Si is complete, suggests that even higher-coordinated species are forming in the melt and by extension there may be 8- coordinated silicate minerals with stability fields beginning not very far above the Earth's core-mantle boundary pressure [4]. We present new experimental evidence for this behavior in another liquid composition. The Hugoniot of 1400°C anorthite-diopside eutectic liquid was measured at low pressure by Rigden et al. [5] and extended to 110 GPa by our recent work. We collected a Hugoniot point on a solid aggregate of the same composition initially at room temperature, shocked into the melt regime at 133 GPa. The difference in internal energy between this point and the hot liquid Hugoniot allows determination of the γ of this aluminosilicate liquid at 50% compression; the result fits q = -1.85±0.2, entirely consistent with the behavior of enstatite, forsterite, and Fe- bearing olivine liquids. We suggested on the basis of an approximate calculation that the large γ of dense silicate liquids yields a liquid isentrope steeper than the liquidus of a lower mantle magma ocean [2]. Here we show a preliminary self-consistent thermodynamic model of the MgO-SiO2 binary that matches the phase diagrams of MgO, Mg2SiO4, MgSiO3, and SiO2 in the lower mantle, that incorporates negative q in the γ model of the liquid, and that allows calculation of pressure-entropy diagrams showing how model isentropes behave during cooling. We find that for peridotite or chondritic compositions, perovskite crystallization begins at an entropy maximum near 60 GPa. The consequences for geochemical evolution depend on whether these crystals remain turbulently suspended or fractionate [6]; in the case of suspension our model shows that the mush transition affects the entire lower mantle over a rather narrow range in potential temperature. Below this point the solidus does not have a maximum and normal decompression melting behavior is observed. 1. Brown et al., in High-Pressure Research in Mineral Physics, M.H. Manghnani and Y. Syono, Editors. 1987, AGU: Washington, DC. p. 373-384. 2. Mosenfelder et al., J. Geophys. Res., 2007. 112: p. B06208. 3. Stixrude & Karki, Science, 2005. 310(5746): p. 297-299. 4. Akins & Ahrens, Geophys. Res. Lett., 2002. 29(10): 1394-1397. 5. Rigden et al. J. Geophys. Res. 1988. 93(B1): p. 367-382. 6. Solomatov & Stevenson. J. Geophys. Res., 1993. 98(E3): p. 5375-5390.

Genetic analysis of indefinite division in human cells: Evidence for a cell senescence-related gene(s) on human chromosome 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yi Ning; Ledbetter, D.H.; Smith, J.R.

1991-07-01

Earlier studies had demonstrated that fusion of normal with immortal human cells yielded hybrids having limited division potential. This indicated that the phenotype of limited proliferation (cellular senescence) is dominant and that immortal cells result from recessive changes in normal growth-regulatory genes. In additional studies, the authors exploited the fact that the immortal phenotype is recessive and, by fusing various immortal human cell lines with each other, identified four complementation groups for indefinite division. Assignment of cell lines to specific groups allowed us to take a focused approach to identify the chromosomes and genes involved in growth regulation that havemore » been modified in immortal cells. They report here that introduction of a normal human chromosome 4 into three immortal cell lines (HeLa, J82, T98G) assigned to complementation group B resulted in loss of proliferation and reversal of the immortal phenotype. No effect on the proliferation potential of cell lines representative of the other complementation groups was observed. This result suggests that a gene(s) involved in cellular senescence and normal growth regulation resides on chromosome 4.« less

HE4 expression is associated with hormonal elements and mediated by importin-dependent nuclear translocation

PubMed Central

Lokich, Elizabeth; Singh, Rakesh K.; Han, Alex; Romano, Nicole; Yano, Naohiro; Kim, Kyukwang; Moore, Richard G.

2014-01-01

Antiestrogens including tamoxifen and fulvestrant have been evaluated as chemotherapeutics for ovarian cancer, particularly in cases of platinum resistant disease. Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is highly overexpressed in women with ovarian cancer and overexpression of HE4 has been found to correlate with platinum resistance. However, the role of HE4 in modulating responses to hormones and hormonal therapy has not been characterized in ovarian cancer. Here we demonstrate that 17β-estradiol, tamoxifen, and fulvestrant induce nuclear and nucleolar translocation of HE4 and that HE4 overexpression induces resistance to antiestrogens. HE4 was found to interact with estrogen receptor-α (ER-α), and HE4 overexpression resulted in ER-α downregulation in vitro and in human ovarian cancers. We identified a novel role for importin-4 in governing the nuclear transport of HE4. Treatment with ivermectin, an importin inhibitor, blocked HE4/importin-4 nuclear accumulation and sensitized HE4-overexpressing ovarian cancer cells to fulvestrant and tamoxifen. PMID:24975515

Hazards of high altitude decompression sickness during falls in barometric pressure from 1 atm to a fraction thereof

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Genin, A. M.

1980-01-01

Various tests related to studies concerning the effects of decompression sicknesses at varying pressure levels and physical activity are described. The tests indicate that there are no guarantees of freedom from decompression sicknesses when man transitions from a normally oxygenated normobaric nitrogen-oxygen atmosphere into an environment having a 0.4 atm or lower pressure and he is performing physical work.

Induction of G2/M arrest and apoptosis through mitochondria pathway by a dimer sesquiterpene lactone from Smallanthus sonchifolius in HeLa cells.

PubMed

Kitai, Yurika; Zhang, Xia; Hayashida, Yushi; Kakehi, Yoshiyuki; Tamura, Hirotoshi

2017-07-01

Dimer sesquiterpene lactones (SLs), uvedafolin and enhydrofolin, against four monomer SLs isolated from yacon, Smallanthus sonchifolius, leaf were the most cytotoxic substances on HeLa cells (IC 50 values 2.96-3.17 μM at 24 hours). However, the cytotoxic mechanism of dimer SL has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, in this study, we clarified the in vitro cytotoxic mechanism of uvedafolin on the HeLa cells, and evaluated the cytotoxicity against NIH/3T3 cells which were used as normal cells. In consequence, the dimer SLs had low toxicity for the NIH/3T3 cells (IC 50 4.81-4.98 μM at 24 hours) and then the uvedafolin mediated cell cycle arrest at the G 2 /M phase and induced apoptosis on the HeLa cells evidenced by appearance of a subG1 peak. Uvedafolin induced apoptosis was attributed to caspase-9 and caspase-3/7 activities. An effectively induced apoptosis pathway was demonstrated from mitochondria membrane potential change and cytochrome c release to cytosol. These results reveal that uvedafolin induced apoptosis via the mitochondria pathway. The present results indicate the potential of uvedafolin as a leading compound of new anticancer agents. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Helium in the Archaean komatiites revisited: significantly high 3He/4He ratios revealed by fractional crushing gas extraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, T.; Seta, A.; Matsuda, J.; Chen, Y.; Arai, S.

2001-12-01

In order to provide constraints on 3He/4He ratios in the Archaean mantle source, we have analysed helium isotopic compositions in 2.7Ga old Archaean komatiites from the Abitibi green stone belt, Ontario, Canada. Two spinifex-textured komatiites yielded significantly high 3He/4He ratios of about 30Ra (where Ra denotes the atmospheric 3He/4He ratio) in fractions released by sequential crushing. These results are the first confirmation of the occurrence of high 3He/4He component in Archaean komatiites after the intriguing finding by [Richard et al., Science 273 (1996) 93-95] in komatiites from a nearby locality, Alexo. We also found that the crystal structure of the komatiites was significantly enriched in a radiogenic component (4He) and that the radiogenic 4He in the crystal structure was actually degassed by a crushing gas extraction, indicating that the nominal 3He/4He ratios measured by crushing are lower limits for the 3He/4He ratio of an intrinsic component. By constraining the release behaviour of radiogenic 4He by crushing, we have estimated the initial 3He/4He ratio of an inclusion-trapped component to be 73 (+7.8/-5.5) Ra. A mantle source with such a high 3He/4He ratio at 2.7Ga would, if evolved in a closed-system, have present-day 3He/4He ratio of 46-60Ra, indicating that the komatiites from Munro had been trapped their helium from a mantle reservoir with very high 3He/4He ratio in the context of the present-day value. However, whether or not such a source can be considered as the one that is equivalent to the primitive mantle source (such that sampled at hotspots) is highly model-dependent. If a closed-system evolution model were assumed, helium in the Munro komatiites is not likely to be derived from the MORB-source-like reservoir. However, the notion that the komatiites may be derived from a depleted reservoir in terms of trace elemental and isotopic geochemistry might requires an alternative view for the evolution of 3He/4He ratio in ancient mantle reservoirs, as has been demonstrated by a recent model calculation by [Seta et al., Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 188 (2001) 211-219] in which the 3He/4He ratios in the MORB mantle source could have been as high as those in the primitive (less-degassed) mantle source in Archaean.

Helium in the Archean komatiites revisited: significantly high 3He/ 4He ratios revealed by fractional crushing gas extraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matsumoto, Takuya; Seta, Akihiro; Matsuda, Jun-ichi; Takebe, Masamichi; Chen, Yuelong; Arai, Shoji

2002-03-01

In order to provide constraints on 3He/ 4He ratios in the Archean mantle source, we have analyzed helium isotopic compositions in 2.7 Ga old Archean komatiites from the Abitibi green stone belt, Ontario, Canada. Two spinifex-textured komatiites yielded significantly high 3He/ 4He ratios of about 30 Ra (where Ra denotes the atmospheric 3He/ 4He ratio) in fractions released by sequential crushing. These results are the first confirmation of the occurrence of high 3He/ 4He ratios in Archean komatiites after the intriguing finding by Richard et al. [Science 273 (1996) 93-95] in komatiites from a nearby locality, Alexo. We also found that the crystal structure of the komatiites was significantly enriched in a radiogenic component ( 4He) and that this 4He was actually degassed by crushing gas extraction, indicating that the nominal 3He/ 4He ratios measured by crushing are lower limits for the 3He/ 4He ratio of the intrinsic component. By constraining the release behavior of radiogenic 4He by crushing, we have estimated the initial 3He/ 4He ratio of the inclusion-trapped component to be 73.0 +7.8-5.5 Ra. A mantle source with such a high 3He/ 4He ratio at 2.7 Ga, if evolved in a closed system, would have a present-day 3He/ 4He ratio of 46-60 Ra, indicating that the komatiites from Munro have trapped their helium from a mantle reservoir with a very high 3He/ 4He ratio in the context of the present-day value. However, whether or not such a source can be considered as equivalent to the primitive mantle source (such that sampled at hotspots) is highly model-dependent. If a closed system evolution model is assumed, helium in the Munro komatiites is not likely to be derived from the mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB) source-like reservoir. However, the notion that the komatiites may be derived from a depleted reservoir in terms of trace elemental and isotopic geochemistry might require an alternative view for the 3He/ 4He evolution in ancient mantle reservoirs, as has been demonstrated by a recent model calculation by Seta et al. [Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 188 (2001) 211-219] in which the 3He/ 4He ratios in the MORB mantle source could have been as high as those in the primitive (less degassed) mantle source in the Archean.

Progesterone transfer among cohabitating female big brown bats (Eptesicus fuscus).

PubMed

Greville, Lucas J; Pollock, Tyler; Salter, Joseph C; Faure, Paul A; deCatanzaro, Denys

2017-06-01

Experiments using female mice and bats have demonstrated that tritium-labeled 17β-estradiol ( 3 H-E 2 ) can be absorbed via cutaneous and intranasal routes and distributed to reproductive and neural tissues. Radioactivity has also been measured in tissues of untreated females after 48h cohabitation with 3 H-E 2 injected males. The present study was designed to quantify steroid transfer among female bats. Radioactive quantification via liquid scintillation counting revealed absorption of tritium-labeled progesterone ( 3 H-P 4 ) in adult females 1h after cutaneous and intranasal application (10μCi). Subsequently, pairs of mature females were each housed for 48h with a single mature female that had been administered 3 H-P 4 (50μCi) via intraperitoneal injection. Radioactivity was observed in all collected tissues of all non-injected females at levels significantly greater than the control group. Following the same paradigm, radioactivity was not observed in the tissues of untreated female bats that were housed with stimulus females treated with 3 H-E 2 (50μCi). Enzyme immunoassays revealed measurable levels of unconjugated progesterone and estradiol in the urine of female bats, suggesting urine as a vector for steroid transfer. Given that bats of this species live in predominantly female roosts in very close contact, progesterone transfer among individuals is likely to occur in natural roosts. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Geoantineutrino spectrum and slow nuclear burning on the boundary of the liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rusov, V. D.; Pavlovich, V. N.; Vaschenko, V. N.; Tarasov, V. A.; Zelentsova, T. N.; Bolshakov, V. N.; Litvinov, D. A.; Kosenko, S. I.; Byegunova, O. A.

2007-09-01

We give an alternative description of the data produced in the KamLAND experiment. Assuming the existence of a natural nuclear reactor on the boundary of the liquid and solid phases of the Earth's core, a geoantineutrino spectrum is obtained. This assumption is based on the experimental results of V. Anisichkin and his collaborators on the interaction of uranium dioxide and uranium carbide with iron-nickel and silica-alumina melts at high pressure (5-10 GPa) and temperature (1600-2200°C), which led to the proposal of the existence of an actinide shell in the Earth's core. We describe the operating mechanism of this reactor as solitary waves of nuclear burning in 238U and/or 232Th medium, in particular, as neutron fission progressive waves of Feoktistov and/or Teller et al. type. Next, we propose a simplified model for the accumulation and burn-up kinetics in Feoktistov's U-Pu fuel cycle. We also apply this model for numerical simulations of neutron fission wave in a two-phase UO2/Fe medium on the surface of the Earth's solid core. The proposed georeactor model offers a mechanism for the generation of 3He. The 3He/4He distribution in the Earth's interior is calculated, which in turn can be used as a natural quantitative criterion of the georeactor thermal power. Finally, we give a tentative estimation of the geoantineutrino intensity and spectrum on the Earth's surface. For this purpose we use the O'Nions et al. geochemical model of mantle differentiation and crust growth complemented by a nuclear energy source (georeactor with power of 30 TW).

Learning about the energy density of liquid and semi-solid foods.

PubMed

Hogenkamp, P S; Stafleu, A; Mars, M; de Graaf, C

2012-09-01

People learn about a food's satiating capacity by exposure and consequently adjust their energy intake. To investigate the effect of energy density and texture on subsequent energy intake adjustments during repeated consumption. In a randomized crossover design, participants (n=27, age: 21±2.4 years, body mass index: 22.2±1.6 kg m(-2)) repeatedly consumed highly novel foods that were either low-energy-dense (LE: 30 kcal per 100 g) or high-energy-dense (HE: 130 kcal per 100 g), and either liquid or semi-solid, resulting in four product conditions. In each condition, a fixed portion of test food was consumed nine times as an obligatory part of breakfast, lunch and dinner on 3 consecutive days. All meals continued with an ad libitum buffet; food items for evening consumption were provided and the intake (kcal per day) was measured. Buffet intake depended on energy density and day of consumption of the test foods (day*energy interaction: P=0.02); daily buffet intake increased from day 1 (1745±577 kcal) to day 3 (1979±567 kcal) in the LE conditions; intake did not change in the HE conditions (day 1: 1523±429 kcal, day 3: 1589±424 kcal). Food texture did not affect the intake (P=0.56). Intake did depend on energy density of the test foods; participants increased their buffet intake over days in response to learning about the satiating capacity of the LE foods, but did not change buffet intake over days when repeatedly consuming a HE food as part of their meal. The adjustments in intake were made irrespective of the food texture.

Preparation and characterization of nonaqueous proton-conducting membranes with protic ionic liquids.

PubMed

Lu, Fei; Gao, Xinpei; Yan, Xiaojun; Gao, Hejun; Shi, Lijuan; Jia, Han; Zheng, Liqiang

2013-08-14

Hybrid Nafion membranes were successfully fabricated by incorporating with protic imidazolium ionic liquids 1-(2-aminoethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([MimAE]Cl), 1-(2-hydroxylethyl)-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([MimHE]Cl), and 1-carboxylmethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([MimCM]Cl) for high-temperature fuel cells. The composite membranes were characterized by impedance spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The incorporated protic ionic liquids enhance the doping of phosphoric acid (PA) and result in a relatively high ionic conductivity. The Nafion/10 wt % [MimAE]Cl/PA composite membrane exhibits an ionic conductivity of 6.0 mS/cm at 130 °C without humidification. [MimAE]Cl can swell the Nafion matrix more homogeneously than [MimHE]Cl or [MimCM]Cl, which results in a better ionic conductivity. It is notable that the composite Nafion/IL/PA membranes have a better thermal stability than the pristine Nafion membranes.

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome after long bone fracture due to gunshot injury.

PubMed

Duran, Latif; Kayhan, Servet; Kati, Celal; Akdemir, Hizir Ufuk; Balci, Kemal; Yavuz, Yucel

2014-03-01

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome is a lethal complication of long-bone fractures and clinically manifasted with respiratory distress, altered mental status, and petechial rash. We presented a 20-year-old male admitted with gun-shot wounds to his left leg. Twenty-four hours after the event, he had generalized tonic clonic seizures, decorticate posture and a Glascow Coma Scale of seven with localization of painful stimuli. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a star-field pattern defining multiple lesions of restricted diffusion. On a 4-week follow-up, he had returned to normal neurological function. Despite the severity of the neurological condition upon initial presentation, the case cerebral fat embolism illustrates that, cerebral dysfunction associated with cerebral fat embolism illustrates reversible.

Combined acromioclavicular joint dislocation and coracoid avulsion in an adult.

PubMed

Naik, Monappa; Tripathy, Sujit Kumar; Goyal, Saumitra; Rao, Sarath K

2015-05-20

Avulsion fracture of coracoid process with acromioclavicular joint dislocation is extremely rare. We report a case of coracoid avulsion with acromioclavicular disruption in a 24-year-old man who sustained injuries in a road traffic accident. Although acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation was obvious from an initial radiograph, coracoid avulsion was picked up in a CT scan. Open reduction and internal fixations of the coracoid with a 4 mm cannulated screw, an AC joint with two K-wires and an anchor suture, resulted in rapid recovery. The patient had complete range of shoulder movements at the end of 3 months and he resumed his professional activities. After 1 year, he had normal shoulder movement without any functional limitations. 2015 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Combined acromioclavicular joint dislocation and coracoid avulsion in an adult

PubMed Central

Naik, Monappa; Tripathy, Sujit Kumar; Goyal, Saumitra; Rao, Sarath K

2015-01-01

Avulsion fracture of coracoid process with acromioclavicular joint dislocation is extremely rare. We report a case of coracoid avulsion with acromioclavicular disruption in a 24-year-old man who sustained injuries in a road traffic accident. Although acromioclavicular (AC) dislocation was obvious from an initial radiograph, coracoid avulsion was picked up in a CT scan. Open reduction and internal fixations of the coracoid with a 4 mm cannulated screw, an AC joint with two K-wires and an anchor suture, resulted in rapid recovery. The patient had complete range of shoulder movements at the end of 3 months and he resumed his professional activities. After 1 year, he had normal shoulder movement without any functional limitations. PMID:25994429

[Liver injury and intervention of compound 912 liquid on it in rats with endotoxemia].

PubMed

Hu, Lan; Zhang, Shu-Wen; Yin, Cheng-Hong

2007-06-01

To investigate the liver injury in model rats with endotoxemia and to observe the protective effect of Compound 912 Liquid on it. Rats were randomly divided into three groups, the endotoxemia model group (EMG, injected by lipoplysaccharides (LPS) peritoneally), the intervention group (IG, treated with Compound 912 Liquid via gastrogavage 1 h before model establishing) and the normal control group (NCG). Blood samples of rats were taken at the time points of the 2nd, 4th, 8th, 12th, 48th, 72nd hour and the 7th day after modeling for measuring liver function, levels of plasmatic endotoxin, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin-10 (IL-10). The pathological change of liver was observed using light microscope and electro-transmission microscope. The peak concentration of endotoxin detected at 2 hour after modeling in the IG was significantly lower than that in the EMG (0.358 +/- 0.056 vs 0.685 +/- 0.030), but insignificant difference (P > 0.05) was shown between them in TNF-alpha level. The level of IL-10 continuously rose in IG after treatment, it was still higher than normal level until day 7 (49.096 +/- 4.076 vs 43.454 +/- 5.928, P < 0.05). LPS can induce the increase of serum inflammatory cytokines and anti-inflammatory cytokines in rats to injure liver. Therefore, the inflammatory reaction indicated by LPS may be one of the mechanisms for liver injury. Preventive medication with Compound 912 Liquid showed a significant liver protective effect.

Sequential promotion of normal and leukemic hemopoiesis by recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor during the course of myelodysplastic syndrome.

PubMed

Ueda, T; Kawai, Y; Sugiyama, T; Takeuchi, N; Yoshida, A; Iwasaki, H; Wano, Y; Tsutani, H; Kamada, N; Nakamura, T

1993-12-01

A 48-year-old man developed refractory anemia with excess of blasts in transformation. Complete response was achieved by low-dose ara-C therapy, but he relapsed 15 months later, with pancytopenia and 13.0% myeloblasts in normocellular marrow. He was treated unsuccessfully with prednisolone, metenolone, and 1-alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 for 8 weeks. He then developed life-threatening pneumonia and was treated with recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (rhG-CSF Filgrastim; 125 micrograms/day s.c.). The pneumonia resolved and, interestingly, he achieved a partial response, with normal blood cell counts and only a few dysmyelopoietic cells in the marrow. However, thrombocytopenia progressed when rhG-CSF administration was tapered. When the dose was increased again, leukemic blasts were found to proliferate. When rhG-CSF was discontinued, blasts rapidly decreased in the peripheral blood. Chromosomal analysis revealed a complex abnormality during the first relapse, a normal 46,XY karyotype during the partial response, and recurrence of the same complex abnormality during leukemic transformation. The stimulation index of marrow mononuclear cells cultured with rhG-CSF increased with disease progression. These findings suggest that rhG-CSF initially stimulated the selective proliferation of normal hemopoietic cells, but the evolution or selection of a leukemic clone responsive to rhG-CSF appears to have occurred subsequently.

Total Alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides Inhibit Growth and Induce Apoptosis in Human Cervical Tumor HeLa Cells In vitro.

PubMed

Li, Jian-Guang; Yang, Xiao-Yi; Huang, Wei

2016-05-01

Uygur females of Xinjiang have the higher incidence of cervical tumor in the country. Alkaloids are the major active ingredients in Sophora alopecuroides, and its antitumor effect was recognized by the medical profession. Xinjiang is the main site of S. alopecuroides production in China so these plants are abundant in the region. Studies on the antitumor properties of total alkaloids of S. alopecuroides (TASA) can take full use of the traditional folk medicine in antitumor unique utility. To explore the effects of TASA on proliferation and apoptosis of human cervical tumor HeLa cells in vitro. TASA was extracted, purified, and each monomer component was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The effect of TASA at different concentrations on the survival of HeLa cells was determined after 24 h using the Cell Counting Kit-8. In addition, cells were photographed using an inverted microscope to document morphological changes. The effect of TASA on apoptotic rate of HeLa cells was assessed by flow cytometry. Monomers of TASA were found to be sophoridine, matrine, and sophocarpine. On treatment with 8.75 mg/ml of TASA, more than 50% of HeLa cells died, and cell death rate increased further with longer incubation. The apoptotic rates of HeLa cells in the experimental groups were 16.0% and 33.3% at concentrations of 6.25 mg/ml and 12.50 mg/ml, respectively. TASA can induce apoptosis in cervical tumor HeLa cells, and it has obvious inhibitory effects on cell growth. Total alkaloids of Sophora alopecuroides (TASA) exhibits anti-human cervical tumor propertiesMonomer component of TASA was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography, and its main effect component are sophoridine, matrine, and sophocarpineTASA inhibits growth and induces apoptosis in HeLa cells. Abbreviations used: TASA: Total alkaloids of S. alopecuroides, CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8, FBS: Fetal bovine serum, PBS: Phosphate buffered saline, DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle medium.

Thermal and log-normal distributions of plasma in laser driven Coulomb explosions of deuterium clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barbarino, M.; Warrens, M.; Bonasera, A.; Lattuada, D.; Bang, W.; Quevedo, H. J.; Consoli, F.; de Angelis, R.; Andreoli, P.; Kimura, S.; Dyer, G.; Bernstein, A. C.; Hagel, K.; Barbui, M.; Schmidt, K.; Gaul, E.; Donovan, M. E.; Natowitz, J. B.; Ditmire, T.

2016-08-01

In this work, we explore the possibility that the motion of the deuterium ions emitted from Coulomb cluster explosions is highly disordered enough to resemble thermalization. We analyze the process of nuclear fusion reactions driven by laser-cluster interactions in experiments conducted at the Texas Petawatt laser facility using a mixture of D2+3He and CD4+3He cluster targets. When clusters explode by Coulomb repulsion, the emission of the energetic ions is “nearly” isotropic. In the framework of cluster Coulomb explosions, we analyze the energy distributions of the ions using a Maxwell-Boltzmann (MB) distribution, a shifted MB distribution (sMB), and the energy distribution derived from a log-normal (LN) size distribution of clusters. We show that the first two distributions reproduce well the experimentally measured ion energy distributions and the number of fusions from d-d and d-3He reactions. The LN distribution is a good representation of the ion kinetic energy distribution well up to high momenta where the noise becomes dominant, but overestimates both the neutron and the proton yields. If the parameters of the LN distributions are chosen to reproduce the fusion yields correctly, the experimentally measured high energy ion spectrum is not well represented. We conclude that the ion kinetic energy distribution is highly disordered and practically not distinguishable from a thermalized one.

Efficient removal of H2S at high temperature using the ionic liquid solutions of [C4mim]3PMo12O40-An organic polyoxometalate.

PubMed

Ma, Yunqian; Liu, Xinpeng; Wang, Rui

2017-06-05

An innovative approach to H 2 S capture and sulfur recovery via liquid redox at high temperature has been developed using [C 4 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 at temperatures ranging from 80 to 180°C, which is superior to the conventional water-based system with an upper limit of working temperature normally below 60°C. The ionic liquids used as solvents include [C 4 mim]Cl, [C 4 mim]BF 4 , [C 4 mim]PF 6 and [C 4 mim]NTf 2 . Microscopic observation and turbidity measurement were used to investigate the dissolution of [C 4 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 in the ionic liquids. Stabilization energy between H 2 S and the anion of ionic liquid as well as H 2 O was calculated to illustrate the interaction between H 2 S and the solvents. The cavity theory can be adopted to illustrate the mechanism for H 2 S absorption: the Cl - ion with small radius can be incorporated into the cavities of [C 4 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 , and interact with H 2 S strongly. The underlying mechanism for sulfur formation is the redox reaction between H 2 S and PMo 12 O 40 3- . H 2 S can be oxidized to elemental sulfur and Mo 6+ is partly reduced during absorption, according to UV-vis and FTIR spectra. The [C 4 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 -[C 4 mim]Cl after reaction can be readily regenerated by air and thus enabling its efficient and repeatitive use. The absorbent of [C 4 mim] 3 PMo 12 O 40 -ionic liquid system provides a new approach for wet oxidation desulfurization at high temperature. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

PUMPS

DOEpatents

Thornton, J.D.

1959-03-24

A pump is described for conveving liquids, particure it is not advisable he apparatus. The to be submerged in the liquid to be pumped, a conduit extending from the high-velocity nozzle of the injector,and means for applying a pulsating prcesure to the surface of the liquid in the conduit, whereby the surface oscillates between positions in the conduit. During the positive half- cycle of an applied pulse liquid is forced through the high velocity nozzle or jet of the injector and operates in the manner of the well known water injector and pumps liquid from the main intake to the outlet of the injector. During the negative half-cycle of the pulse liquid flows in reverse through the jet but no reverse pumping action takes place.

The occurrence and wave properties of H+-, He+-, and O+-band EMIC waves observed by the Van Allen Probes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saikin, A. A.; Zhang, J.-C.; Allen, R. C.; Smith, C. W.; Kistler, L. M.; Spence, H. E.; Torbert, R. B.; Kletzing, C. A.; Jordanova, V. K.

2015-09-01

We perform a statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves detected by the Van Allen Probes mission to investigate the spatial distribution of their occurrence, wave power, ellipticity, and normal angle. The Van Allen Probes have been used which allow us to explore the inner magnetosphere (1.1 to 5.8 RE). Magnetic field measurements from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science on board the Van Allen Probes are used to identify EMIC wave events for the first 22 months of the mission operation (8 September 2012 to 30 June 2014). EMIC waves are examined in H+, He+, and O+ bands. Over 700 EMIC wave events have been identified over the three different wave bands (265 H+-band events, 438 He+-band events, and 68 O+-band events). EMIC wave events are observed between L = 2-8, with over 140 EMIC wave events observed below L = 4. Results show that H+-band EMIC waves have two peak magnetic local time (MLT) occurrence regions: prenoon (09:00 < MLT ≤ 12:00) and afternoon (15:00 < MLT ≤ 17:00) sectors. He+-band EMIC waves feature an overall stronger dayside occurrence. O+-band EMIC waves have one peak region located in the morning sector at lower L shells (L < 4). He+-band EMIC waves average the highest wave power overall (>0.1 nT2/Hz), especially in the afternoon sector. Ellipticity observations reveal that linearly polarized EMIC waves dominate in lower L shells.

An 8-year-old boy with treatment-resistant encopresis.

PubMed

Stein, Martin T; Benninga, Marc A; Felt, Barbara T

2010-01-01

Paul is an 8-year-old boy with a long-standing history of encopresis and enuresis. Potty training was initiated when he was 2(1/2) years old. At this time, his mother was absent from the home for 6 weeks when she cared for her ill father in a different city. The process of teaching Paul to use the bathroom was described as "inconsistent" due to multiple caretakers.Paul never successfully mastered bowel and bladder control. He continues to wet and soil his clothes on a daily basis at home and school. According to his parents, he does not accept responsibility and comments about his soiling such as, "I didn't do it; someone else must have put it there." One of Paul's teachers commented that she could tell at the beginning of the school day whether he would maintain bowel and bladder control. If he was "agitated and talkative" in the early morning, he would often soil that day.He had a pediatric gastroenterological evaluation at the age of 5 years when he was having daily episodes of stool soiling. Physical examination revealed normal anal tone, normal placement of the anus, and moderate stool in the rectal vault. An abdominal radiograph revealed moderate stool throughout the colon. He was treated with Miralax and instructed to sit on the toilet twice daily. Paul did not respond to these interventions and was diagnosed with "overflow incontinence secondary to stool withholding." When he was taking Miralax, he had a normal barium enema radiograph. He was admitted to the hospital for a clean out with a polyethylene glycol/electrolyte solution. Although abdominal radiographs demonstrated absence of colonic stool for the following 5 months, he continued to soil his clothing. Play therapy and biofeedback did not change the chronic soiling and wetting pattern. An evaluation at the Continence Clinic resulted in a rigorous program including stooling after each meal, wearing a vibrating watch reminding him to void every 2 hours, drinking 60 ounces of water per day, tracking elimination patterns on a calendar, and a daily laxative (polyethylene glycol). A neuropsychological evaluation revealed a superior aptitude associated with unresolved early childhood issues of self-control, self-care, and frustration tolerance. Family therapy was initiated. However, daily fecal soiling and wetting persisted.Paul was born full-term without prenatal or perinatal complications. He was breast fed for 1 year and described as an easy baby. He achieved motor, social, and language milestone on time. Paul had difficulty with separation and aggression in preschool (e.g., biting). In school, teachers report inattention, fidgetiness, and difficulty following directions. He has been obese since age 3 years; his current body mass index is 29.

An 8-Year-Old Boy With Treatment-Resistant Encopresis.

PubMed

Stein, Martin T; Benninga, Marc A; Felt, Barbara T

Paul is an 8-year-old boy with a long-standing history of encopresis and enuresis. Potty training was initiated when he was 2 years old. At this time, his mother was absent from the home for 6 weeks when she cared for her ill father in a different city. The process of teaching Paul to use the bathroom was described as "inconsistent" due to multiple caretakers.Paul never successfully mastered bowel and bladder control. He continues to wet and soil his clothes on a daily basis at home and school. According to his parents, he does not accept responsibility and comments about his soiling such as, "I didn't do it; someone else must have put it there." One of Paul's teachers commented that she could tell at the beginning of the school day whether he would maintain bowel and bladder control. If he was "agitated and talkative" in the early morning, he would often soil that day.He had a pediatric gastroenterological evaluation at the age of 5 years when he was having daily episodes of stool soiling. Physical examination revealed normal anal tone, normal placement of the anus, and moderate stool in the rectal vault. An abdominal radiograph revealed moderate stool throughout the colon. He was treated with Miralax and instructed to sit on the toilet twice daily. Paul did not respond to these interventions and was diagnosed with "overflow incontinence secondary to stool withholding." When he was taking Miralax, he had a normal barium enema radiograph. He was admitted to the hospital for a cleanout with a polyethylene glycol/electrolyte solution.Although abdominal radiographs demonstrated absence of colonic stool for the following 5 months, he continued to soil his clothing. Play therapy and biofeedback did not change the chronic soiling and wetting pattern. An evaluation at the Continence Clinic resulted in a rigorous program including stooling after each meal, wearing a vibrating watch reminding him to void every 2 hours, drinking 60 ounces of water per day, tracking elimination patterns on a calendar, and a daily laxative (polyethylene glycol). A neuropsychological evaluation revealed a superior aptitude associated with unresolved early childhood issues of self-control, self-care, and frustration tolerance. Family therapy was initiated. However, daily fecal soiling and wetting persisted.Paul was born full-term without prenatal or perinatal complications. He was breast fed for 1 year and described as an easy baby. He achieved motor, social, and language milestone on time. Paul had difficulty with separation and aggression in preschool (e.g., biting). In school, teachers report inattention, fidgetiness, and difficulty following directions. He has been obese since age 3 years; his current body mass index is 29.

Evaluating the Success of Educational Policy in Mexican Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sagarra, Marti; Mar-Molinero, Cecilio; Rodríguez-Regordosa, Herberto

2015-01-01

State support in higher education (HE) is often justified on the grounds that HE is important for the development of the country. However, little analysis is normally done in order to assess the impact of education quality initiatives. The Mexican government has been engaging in a policy of HE quality improvement that can be traced to 1989. In…

Construction of a newly designed small-size mass spectrometer for helium isotope analysis: toward the continuous monitoring of (3)he/(4)he ratios in natural fluids.

PubMed

Bajo, Ken-Ichi; Sumino, Hirochika; Toyoda, Michisato; Okazaki, Ryuji; Osawa, Takahito; Ishihara, Morio; Katakuse, Itsuo; Notsu, Kenji; Igarashi, George; Nagao, Keisuke

2012-01-01

The construction of a small-size, magnetic sector, single focusing mass spectrometer (He-MS) for the continuous, on-site monitoring of He isotope ratios ((3)He/(4)He) is described. The instrument is capable of measuring (4)He/(20)Ne ratios dissolved in several different types of natural fluids of geochemical interest, such as groundwater and gas from hot springs, volcanoes and gas well fields. The ion optics of He-MS was designed using an ion trajectory simulation program "TRIO," which permits the simultaneous measurement of (3)He and (4)He with a double collector system under a mass resolution power (M/ΔM) of >700. The presently attained specifications of He-MS are; (1) a mass resolving power of ca. 430, sufficient to separate (3)He(+) from interfering ions, HD(+) and H3 (+), (2) ultra-high vacuum conditions down to 3×10(-8) Pa, and (3) a sufficiently high sensitivity to permit amounts of (3)He to be detected at levels as small as 10(-13) cm(3) STP (3×10(6) atoms). Long term stability for (3)He/(4)He analysis was examined by measuring the (3)He/(4)He standard gas (HESJ) and atmospheric He, resulting in ∼3% reproducibility and ≤5% experimental error for various amounts of atmospheric He from 0.3 to 2.3×10(-6) cm(3) STP introduced into the instrument. A dynamic range of measurable (3)He/(4)He ratios with He-MS is greater than 10(3) which was determined by measuring various types of natural fluid samples from continental gas (with a low (3)He/(4)He ratio down to 2×10(-8)) to volcanic gas (with a high (3)He/(4)He ratio up to 3×10(-5)). The accuracy and precision of (3)He/(4)He and (4)He/(20)Ne ratios were evaluated by comparing the values with those measured using well established noble gas mass spectrometers (modified VG5400/MS-III and -IV) in our laboratory, and were found to be in good agreement within analytical errors. Usefulness of the selective extraction of He from water/gas using a high permeability of He through a silica glass wall at high temperature (700°C) is demonstrated.

Precision measurement of the n-3He incoherent scattering length using neutron interferometry.

PubMed

Huber, M G; Arif, M; Black, T C; Chen, W C; Gentile, T R; Hussey, D S; Pushin, D A; Wietfeldt, F E; Yang, L

2009-05-22

We report the first measurement of the low-energy neutron-(3)He incoherent scattering length using neutron interferometry: b_{i};{'} = (-2.512 +/- 0.012 stat +/- 0.014 syst) fm. This is in good agreement with a recent calculation using the AV18 + 3N potential. The neutron-(3)He scattering lengths are important for testing and developing nuclear potential models that include three-nucleon forces, effective field theories for few-body nuclear systems, and neutron scattering measurements of quantum excitations in liquid helium. This work demonstrates the first use of a polarized nuclear target in a neutron interferometer.

Hepatic Sarcodosis presenting as portal hypertension in a young boy.

PubMed

Achakzai, Inamullah Khan; Majid, Zain; Khalid, Muhammad Ali; Khan, Shoaib Ahmed; Laeeq, Syed Mudassir; Luck, Nasir Hassan

2018-01-01

A 13-year-old boy, known case renal stone disease came with the complaints of abdominal pain along with low grade fever. On examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted while his lab reports showed a low hemoglobulin with a raised ESR. His blood and urine cultures showed no growth. Viral markers, autoimmune profile, C and p ANCA were all negative apart from a raised serum IgG level. Ultrasound abdomen showed a hyperechoic liver with an enlarged spleen along with splenic varices and minimum ascites. Ultrasound hepatic doppler was normal. Serum AFP levels were normal while workup for Wilson's disease was negative. Fibroscan showed F4 fibosis. CT scan abdomen showed an enlarged left lobe of the liver along with an enlarged spleen. His EGD revealed varices. So liver biopsy was done that was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease with ZN stain testing negative for TB.PPD, urine for AFB were both negative. Serum ACE levels were raised. He started ATT therapy but his condition did not improve. So, on the suspicion of hepatic sarcoidosis, he started on steroids and had a drastic improvement in his condition.

Eosinophilia and parotitis occurring early in clozapine treatment.

PubMed

Saguem, Bochra Nourhène; Bouhlel, Saoussen; Ben Salem, Chaker; Ben Hadj Ali, Bechir

2015-12-01

Mr. S is a 32-year-old male with schizophrenia. Due to poor responses to various antipsychotic medications, he was started on clozapine with the dose titrated to 300 mg/day during a 4-week period. The weekly checks of the complete blood cell count showed gradual increases in the eosinophil count from normal values to 4320 per mm(3). Mr. S did not have any symptoms except some increased salivation. Clozapine was suspended, and eosinophils gradually began to decline to the normal range. Clozapine was subsequently re-started and there were no changes in eosinophil counts. Mr. S exhibited improvement of symptoms but complained of acute auricular pain and increased salivation, 8 weeks after clozapine rechallenge. He also developed a swelling of his both parotid glands. The diagnosis of clozapine-induced parotitis was suggested. Symptomatic medication was prescribed with a favorable outcome. We report a case of a patient who developed eosinophilia shortly after clozapine use, and then developed parotitis. There is debate in the literature over how to manage these complications of clozapine treatment. Generally they do not warrant clozapine discontinuation.

Hepatic Sarcodosis presenting as portal hypertension in a young boy

PubMed Central

Achakzai, Inamullah Khan; Majid, Zain; Khalid, Muhammad Ali; Khan, Shoaib Ahmed; Laeeq, Syed Mudassir; Luck, Nasir Hassan

2018-01-01

A 13-year-old boy, known case renal stone disease came with the complaints of abdominal pain along with low grade fever. On examination, hepatosplenomegaly was noted while his lab reports showed a low hemoglobulin with a raised ESR. His blood and urine cultures showed no growth. Viral markers, autoimmune profile, C and p ANCA were all negative apart from a raised serum IgG level. Ultrasound abdomen showed a hyperechoic liver with an enlarged spleen along with splenic varices and minimum ascites. Ultrasound hepatic doppler was normal. Serum AFP levels were normal while workup for Wilson’s disease was negative. Fibroscan showed F4 fibosis. CT scan abdomen showed an enlarged left lobe of the liver along with an enlarged spleen. His EGD revealed varices. So liver biopsy was done that was suggestive of chronic granulomatous disease with ZN stain testing negative for TB.PPD, urine for AFB were both negative. Serum ACE levels were raised. He started ATT therapy but his condition did not improve. So, on the suspicion of hepatic sarcoidosis, he started on steroids and had a drastic improvement in his condition. PMID:29564070

Low Temperature Physics at Yale in the late 30's through the early 50's

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wheeler, Robert

2006-03-01

The low temperature program at Yale was initiated by C. T. Lane (1904-1991) in the fall of 1937 when he was appointed to the teaching staff as an instructor in the department of Physics. Following his doctorate from McGill in 1929 he investigated the magnetic susceptibilities of ``soft'' metals supported by the National Research Council of Canada, the Commissioners of the 1851 Exhibition and a Sterling Fellowship at Yale. Arranged by Louis McKeehan, with 5000 from the new George Sheffield research fund, he started the construction of a Kapitza type helium liquefier. The machine was largely completed in the fall of 1939, yet liquid helium was not made until early December 1940 due to the need for extensive on line purification of the gas. Returning in 1945 from war research, Lane and Henry A. Fairbank (Ph.D 1944) continued the metals work along with new thrusts into Second Sound , properties of helium^ three impurities in liquid helium and starting in the 50's on rotating He II. In 1933 both Lane and Onsager were awarded Sterling Fellowships, which initiated a stimulating experimental- theoretical exchange continuing until they both retired. The best-known example was the rediscovery at Yale of the deHaas-van Alphen effect, previously observed only in bismuth, in zinc; where upon Onsager and his students provided new insights into our understanding of the Fermi surface of metals. With the development of new instrumentation one observed vast changes in experimental style during this period. The evolution of the production of liquid helium from Lane's device though the Collins machine to the commodity business of today now makes experiments of huge size and importance possible.

STS-45 external tank (ET) falls back to Earth after jettisoning from OV-104

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-03-24

STS045-71-001 (24 March 1992) --- This 70mm photograph of the external fuel tank (ET) for STS-45 was photographed 4 1/2 minutes after having been jettisoned from Space Shuttle Atlantis. The excellent view of the starboard side of the ET shows both top and bottom attach points to the two solid rocket boosters (SRB). NASA engineers studying the STS-45 onboard photography deem the visible burn scars, caused by the SRBs, to be normal. The long thin pipe visible is the liquid oxygen line. At the bottom end of the large tank, both the liquid oxygen (nearest camera) and liquid hydrogen orbiter-to-ET attach hardware can be seen.

Primitive helium isotopic compositions associated with Miocene lavas from Northwest Iceland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jackson, M. G.; Reinhard, A.; Blichert-Toft, J.; Price, A. A.; Kurz, M. D.; Halldorsson, S. A.

2016-12-01

Elevated 3He/4He ratios identified in hotspots globally are associated with an early-formed, less degassed mantle reservoir that resides in the deep mantle, but the origin and mechanism for the long-term preservation of this mantle domain are not well understood. The highest known terrestrial mantle-derived 3He/4He ratios (49.5 Ra) have been measured in 62 million year old lavas from Baffin Island and West Greenland, associated with the proto-Iceland plume [1]. Mid-Miocene lavas from northwest Iceland have 3He/4He ratios of up to 37 Ra [2]. Thus, the Iceland plume has tapped a high-3He/4He mantle source over much of the Cenozoic. This is important, as 182W [3] and 129Xe [4] data indicate that the high 3He/4He domain sampled by the Iceland plume formed in the early Hadean. We report new 3He/4He measurements on magmatic olivine in mid-Miocene lavas from Northwest Iceland. Fusion experiments indicate that the new, high 3He/4He ratios do not have a cosmogenic 3He contribution. New Sr, Nd, Hf, and Pb isotopic data place important constraints on the isotopic composition of the highest 3He/4He mantle domain sampled by mid-Miocene Iceland lavas. An important question is whether the highest 3He/4He lavas from Iceland have Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic compositions that overlap with those found in the high-3He/4He lavas from Baffin Island. If not, it will be important to understand the mechanism responsible for the offset in Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotopic compositions, and whether this also explains the lower maximum 3He/4He in mid-Miocene Icelandic lavas relative to their counterparts in Baffin Island. The new data will have implications for the preservation of primitive reservoirs in the deep mantle. [1] Stuart et al., Nature, v. 424, 2003. [2] Hilton et al., Earth Planet Sci. Lett., v. 173, 1999. [3] Rizo et al., Science, v. 352, 2016. [4] Mukhopadhyay, Nature, v. 486, 2012.

High-pressure liquid-monopropellant strand combustion.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faeth, G. M.

1972-01-01

Examination of the influence of dissolved gases on the state of the liquid surface during high-pressure liquid-monopropellant combustion through the use of a strand burning experiment. Liquid surface temperatures were measured, using fine-wire thermocouples, during the strand combustion of ethyl nitrate, normal propyl nitrate, and propylene glycol dinitrate at pressures up to 81 atm. These measurements were compared with the predictions of a variable-property gas-phase analysis assuming an infinite activation energy for the decomposition reaction. The state of the liquid surface was estimated using a conventional low-pressure phase equilibrium model, as well as a high-pressure version that considered the presence of dissolved combustion-product gases in the liquid phase. The high-pressure model was found to give a superior prediction of measured liquid surface temperatures. Computed total pressures required for the surface to reach its critical mixing point during strand combustion were found to be in the range from 2.15 to 4.62 times the critical pressure of the pure propellant. Computed dissolved gas concentrations at the liquid surface were in the range from 35 to 50% near the critical combustion condition.

[Severe pulmonary embolism revealed by status epilepticus].

PubMed

Allou, N; Coolen-Allou, N; Delmas, B; Cordier, C; Allyn, J

2016-12-01

High-risk pulmonary embolism (PE) is associated with high mortality rate (>50%). In some cases, diagnosis of PE remains a challenge with atypical presentations like in this case report with a PE revealed by status epilepticus. We report the case of a 40-year-old man without prior disease, hospitalized in ICU for status epilepticus. All paraclinical examinations at admission did not show any significant abnormalities (laboratory tests, cardiologic and neurological investigations). On day 1, he presented a sudden circulatory collapse and echocardiography showed right intra-auricular thrombus. He was treated by thrombolysis and arteriovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. After stabilization, computed tomography showed severe bilateral PE. He developed multi-organ failure and died 4days after admission. Pulmonary embolism revealed by status epilepticus has rarely been reported and is associated with poor prognosis. Physicians should be aware and think of the possibility of PE in patients with status epilepticus without any history or risk factors of seizure and normal neurological investigations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Physiological, biochemical, and performance responses to a 24-hour crash diet.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1981-04-01

Twelve overweight male subjects were evaluated once on a normal diet and once on a 24-h crash diet and (low calorie liquids only). Experiments were 1 wk apart. During 2 1/4-h complex performance tests given at the end of the diet period, subjects bre...

46 CFR 28.320 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid... spaces: (1) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 horsepower; (2) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (3) An incinerator and; (4) A space containing a gasoline storage tank. (b...

46 CFR 28.320 - Fixed gas fire extinguishing systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... only in a normally unoccupied machinery space, paint locker, or space containing flammable liquid... spaces: (1) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 horsepower; (2) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (3) An incinerator and; (4) A space containing a gasoline storage tank. (b...

The mean ionic charge of silicon in 3HE-rich solar flares

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luhn, A.; Klecker, B.; Hovestadt, E.; Moebius, E.

1985-01-01

Mean ionic charge of iron in 3He-rich solar flares and the average mean charge of Silicon for 23 #He-rich periods during the time interval from September 1978 to October 1979 were determined. It is indicated that the value of the mean charge state of Silicon is higher than the normal flare average by approximately 3 units and in perticular it is higher then the value predicted by resonant heating models for 3He-rich solar flares.

Combinatorial modification of human histone H4 quantitated by two-dimensional liquid chromatography coupled with top down mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Pesavento, James J; Bullock, Courtney R; LeDuc, Richard D; Mizzen, Craig A; Kelleher, Neil L

2008-05-30

Quantitative proteomics has focused heavily on correlating protein abundances, ratios, and dynamics by developing methods that are protein expression-centric (e.g. isotope coded affinity tag, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification, etc.). These methods effectively detect changes in protein abundance but fail to provide a comprehensive perspective of the diversity of proteins such as histones, which are regulated by post-translational modifications. Here, we report the characterization of modified forms of HeLa cell histone H4 with a dynamic range >10(4) using a strictly Top Down mass spectrometric approach coupled with two dimensions of liquid chromatography. This enhanced dynamic range enabled the precise characterization and quantitation of 42 forms uniquely modified by combinations of methylation and acetylation, including those with trimethylated Lys-20, monomethylated Arg-3, and the novel dimethylated Arg-3 (each <1% of all H4 forms). Quantitative analyses revealed distinct trends in acetylation site occupancy depending on Lys-20 methylation state. Because both modifications are dynamically regulated through the cell cycle, we simultaneously investigated acetylation and methylation kinetics through three cell cycle phases and used these data to statistically assess the robustness of our quantitative analysis. This work represents the most comprehensive analysis of histone H4 forms present in human cells reported to date.

[Common intralobular microcirculatory module peculliarities in cholestasis in white rats].

PubMed

Sulaberidze, G D; Kardzvia, D Dzh; Kikalishvili, L A; Khomeriki, Ts T

2006-03-01

The dynamics of intralobular microcirculatory module transformation in cholestasis was investigated. The liver tissues of 54 white Wistar rats were studied by Histology, TEM, TEM after injection of 1% Pb(NO(3))(3), vie common bile duct (CBD), SEM of corrosion casts prepared after methylmethacrylate injection vie CBD. It is demonstrated that liver is the basis of microcirculation of 4 different liquids: blood, bile, connective tissue liquid and lymph. Accordingly, in normal condition 4 different well formed compartments bordered from each-others by different types of cells exist. In the yearly stages of cholestasis (3-6 days) the function of bile drainage is partially overtaken by lymph pathways. This is accompanied by the beginning of the destruction of structures bordering above-mentioned microcirculatory beds. In the later stages of cholestasis (12-18 days) the final disorganization of microcirculatory compartments with mixture of all liquids is observed. It is accompanied by increased dystrophy of liver cells population.

Increased Requirement of Replacement Doses of Levothyroxine Caused by Liver Cirrhosis.

PubMed

Benvenga, Salvatore; Capodicasa, Giovanni; Perelli, Sarah; Ferrari, Silvia Martina; Fallahi, Poupak; Antonelli, Alessandro

2018-01-01

Since hypothyroidism is a fairly common dysfunction, levothyroxine (L-T4) is one of the most prescribed medications. Approximately 70% of the administered L-T4 dose is absorbed. The absorption process takes place in the small intestine. Some disorders of the digestive system and some medicines, supplements, and drinks cause L-T4 malabsorption, resulting in failure of serum TSH to be normal. Only rarely liver cirrhosis is mentioned as causing L-T4 malabsorption. In this study, we report increased requirement of daily doses of l-thyroxine in two patients with the atrophic variant of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and liver cirrhosis. In one patient, this increased requirement could have been contributed by the increased serum levels of the estrogen-dependent thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), which is the major plasma carrier of thyroid hormones. In the other patient, we switched from tablet L-T4 to liquid L-T4 at the same daily dose. Normalization of TSH levels was achieved, but TSH increased again when she returned to tablet L-T4. Liver cirrhosis can cause increased L-T4 requirements. In addition to impaired bile secretion, the mechanism could be increased serum TBG. A similar increased requirement of L-T4 is observed in other situations characterized by elevation of serum TBG. Because of better intestinal absorption, L-T4 oral liquid formulation is able to circumvent the increased need of L-T4 in these patients.

The Effect of Microporous Polymeric Support Modification on Surface and Gas Transport Properties of Supported Ionic Liquid Membranes

PubMed Central

Akhmetshina, Alsu A.; Davletbaeva, Ilsiya M.; Grebenschikova, Ekaterina S.; Sazanova, Tatyana S.; Petukhov, Anton N.; Atlaskin, Artem A.; Razov, Evgeny N.; Zaripov, Ilnaz I.; Martins, Carla F.; Neves, Luísa A.; Vorotyntsev, Ilya V.

2015-01-01

Microporous polymers based on anionic macroinitiator and toluene 2,4-diisocyanate were used as a support for 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([bmim][PF6]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([emim][Tf2N]) immobilization. The polymeric support was modified by using silica particles associated in oligomeric media, and the influence of the modifier used on the polymeric structure was studied. The supported ionic liquid membranes (SILMs) were tested for He, N2, NH3, H2S, and CO2 gas separation and ideal selectivities were calculated. The high values of ideal selectivity for ammonia-based systems with permanent gases were observed on polymer matrixes immobilized with [bmim][PF6] and [emim][Tf2N]. The modification of SILMs by nanosize silica particles leads to an increase of NH3 separation relatively to CO2 or H2S. PMID:26729177

Theoretical Studies of Liquid He-4 Near the Superfluid Transition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Manousakis, Efstratios

2002-01-01

We performed theoretical studies of liquid helium by applying state of the art simulation and finite-size scaling techniques. We calculated universal scaling functions for the specific heat and superfluid density for various confining geometries relevant for experiments such as the confined helium experiment and other ground based studies. We also studied microscopically how the substrate imposes a boundary condition on the superfluid order parameter as the superfluid film grows layer by layer. Using path-integral Monte Carlo, a quantum Monte Carlo simulation method, we investigated the rich phase diagram of helium monolayer, bilayer and multilayer on a substrate such as graphite. We find excellent agreement with the experimental results using no free parameters. Finally, we carried out preliminary calculations of transport coefficients such as the thermal conductivity for bulk or confined helium systems and of their scaling properties. All our studies provide theoretical support for various experimental studies in microgravity.

The Effective Correlation Theory for Liquid 3He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puoskari, M.; Kallio, A.

1981-09-01

We show that when the antisymmetry of liquid 3He is treated with the effective correlation theory of Lado, the optimal HNC solution gives very good agreement with the optimal FHNC theory when in the latter the long wave length properties due to Fermi cancellations are treated properly. When in addition elementary diagrams are calculated with the Pade approximation, we obtain ground state energies that agree quite well with the Monte-Carlo results of Ceperley, Chester and Kalos and Levesque, especially at low densities. In addition we calculate the contribution of the three-body factors in the variational wave function. For the expectation value of the ground state energy we obtain altogether - 1.62 ± 0.15 K at a saturation density 0.015 ± 0.001 Å-3.

Cryocooled terahertz photoconductive detector system with background-limited performance in 1.5–4 THz frequency range

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Makoto; Hiromoto, Norihisa, E-mail: dnhirom@ipc.shizuoka.ac

2015-10-15

We describe a 4-K-cryocooled dual-band terahertz (THz) photoconductive detector system with background-limited performance. The detector system comprises two THz photoconductive detectors covering a response in a wide frequency range from 1.5 to 4 THz, low noise amplifiers, optical low-pass filters to eliminate input radiation of higher frequencies, and a mechanical 4 K Gifford-McMahon refrigerator that provides practical and convenient operation without a liquid He container. The electrical and optical performances of the THz detector system were evaluated at a detector temperature of 4 K under 300 K background radiation. We proved that the detector system can achieve background-limited noise-equivalent-power onmore » the order of 10{sup −14} W/Hz{sup 1/2} in the frequency range from 1.5 to 4 THz even if the vibration noise of the mechanical refrigerator is present.« less

Cryocooled terahertz photoconductive detector system with background-limited performance in 1.5-4 THz frequency range.

PubMed

Aoki, Makoto; Hiromoto, Norihisa

2015-10-01

We describe a 4-K-cryocooled dual-band terahertz (THz) photoconductive detector system with background-limited performance. The detector system comprises two THz photoconductive detectors covering a response in a wide frequency range from 1.5 to 4 THz, low noise amplifiers, optical low-pass filters to eliminate input radiation of higher frequencies, and a mechanical 4 K Gifford-McMahon refrigerator that provides practical and convenient operation without a liquid He container. The electrical and optical performances of the THz detector system were evaluated at a detector temperature of 4 K under 300 K background radiation. We proved that the detector system can achieve background-limited noise-equivalent-power on the order of 10(-14) W/Hz(1/2) in the frequency range from 1.5 to 4 THz even if the vibration noise of the mechanical refrigerator is present.

Heterogeneous Nature of Relaxation Dynamics of Room-Temperature Ionic Liquids (EMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] and (BMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hensel-Bielowka, Stella; Wojnarowska, Zaneta; Dzida, Marzena

2015-08-11

Dynamic crossover above T g has been recognized as a characteristic feature of molecular dynamics of liquids approaching glass transition. Experimentally, it is manifested as a change in Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann dependence or a breakdown of the Stokes–Einstein and related relations. In this study, we report the exception from this rather general pattern of behavior. By means of dielectric, ultrasonic, rheological, and calorimetric methods, dynamics of two good ionic conductors (BMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] and (EMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] of less common stoichiometry (2:1) was studied in a very broad temperature range. However, none of the mentioned dynamic changes was observed in the entiremore » studied temperature range. On the contrary, the single VFT and the same fractional Walden coefficient were found for conductivity and viscosity changes over 12 decades. Finally and moreover, ultrasonic studies revealed that the data at temperatures which cover the normal liquid region cannot be fitted by a single exponential decay, and the Cole–Cole function should be used instead.« less

Heterogeneous nature of relaxation dynamics of room-temperature ionic liquids (EMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] and (BMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hensel-Bielowka, Stella; Wojnarowska, Zaneta E.; Dzida, Marzena

2015-08-11

Dynamic crossover above T g has been recognized as a characteristic feature of molecular dynamics of liquids approaching glass transition. Experimentally, it is manifested as a change in Vogel Fulcher Tammann dependence or a breakdown of the Stokes Einstein and related relations. In this paper, we report the exception from this rather general pattern of behavior. By means of dielectric, ultrasonic, rheological, and calorimetric methods, dynamics of two good ionic conductors (BMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] and (EMIm) 2[Co(NCS) 4] of less common stoichiometry (2:1) was studied in a very broad temperature range. However, none of the mentioned dynamic changes was observedmore » in the entire studied temperature range. On the contrary, the single VFT and the same fractional Walden coefficient were found for conductivity and viscosity changes over 12 decades. Furthermore, ultrasonic studies revealed that the data at temperatures which cover the normal liquid region cannot be fitted by a single exponential decay, and the Cole Cole function should be used instead.« less

Tissue-plastinated vs. celloidin-embedded large serial sections in video, analog and digital photographic on-screen reproduction: a preliminary step to exact virtual 3D modelling, exemplified in the normal midface and cleft-lip and palate.

PubMed

Landes, Constantin A; Weichert, Frank; Geis, Philipp; Wernstedt, Katrin; Wilde, Anja; Fritsch, Helga; Wagner, Mathias

2005-08-01

This study analyses tissue-plastinated vs. celloidin-embedded large serial sections, their inherent artefacts and aptitude with common video, analog or digital photographic on-screen reproduction. Subsequent virtual 3D microanatomical reconstruction will increase our knowledge of normal and pathological microanatomy for cleft-lip-palate (clp) reconstructive surgery. Of 18 fetal (six clp, 12 control) specimens, six randomized specimens (two clp) were BiodurE12-plastinated, sawn, burnished 90 microm thick transversely (five) or frontally (one), stained with azureII/methylene blue, and counterstained with basic-fuchsin (TP-AMF). Twelve remaining specimens (four clp) were celloidin-embedded, microtome-sectioned 75 microm thick transversely (ten) or frontally (two), and stained with haematoxylin-eosin (CE-HE). Computed-planimetry gauged artefacts, structure differentiation was compared with light microscopy on video, analog and digital photography. Total artefact was 0.9% (TP-AMF) and 2.1% (CE-HE); TP-AMF showed higher colour contrast, gamut and luminance, and CE-HE more red contrast, saturation and hue (P < 0.4). All (100%) structures of interest were light microscopically discerned, 83% on video, 76% on analog photography and 98% in digital photography. Computed image analysis assessed the greatest colour contrast, gamut, luminance and saturation on video; the most detailed, colour-balanced and sharpest images were obtained with digital photography (P < 0.02). TP-AMF retained spatial oversight, covered the entire area of interest and should be combined in different specimens with CE-HE which enables more refined muscle fibre reproduction. Digital photography is preferred for on-screen analysis.

Bubble-chip analysis of human origin distributions demonstrates on a genomic scale significant clustering into zones and significant association with transcription

PubMed Central

Mesner, Larry D.; Valsakumar, Veena; Karnani, Neerja; Dutta, Anindya; Hamlin, Joyce L.; Bekiranov, Stefan

2011-01-01

We have used a novel bubble-trapping procedure to construct nearly pure and comprehensive human origin libraries from early S- and log-phase HeLa cells, and from log-phase GM06990, a karyotypically normal lymphoblastoid cell line. When hybridized to ENCODE tiling arrays, these libraries illuminated 15.3%, 16.4%, and 21.8% of the genome in the ENCODE regions, respectively. Approximately half of the origin fragments cluster into zones, and their signals are generally higher than those of isolated fragments. Interestingly, initiation events are distributed about equally between genic and intergenic template sequences. While only 13.2% and 14.0% of genes within the ENCODE regions are actually transcribed in HeLa and GM06990 cells, 54.5% and 25.6% of zonal origin fragments overlap transcribed genes, most with activating chromatin marks in their promoters. Our data suggest that cell synchronization activates a significant number of inchoate origins. In addition, HeLa and GM06990 cells activate remarkably different origin populations. Finally, there is only moderate concordance between the log-phase HeLa bubble map and published maps of small nascent strands for this cell line. PMID:21173031

Chitosan/chondroitin sulfate hydrogels prepared in [Hmim][HSO4] ionic liquid.

PubMed

Nunes, Cátia S; Rufato, Kessily B; Souza, Paulo R; de Almeida, Elizângela A M S; da Silva, Michael J V; Scariot, Débora B; Nakamura, Celso V; Rosa, Fernanda A; Martins, Alessandro F; Muniz, Edvani C

2017-08-15

[Hmim][HSO 4 ] ionic liquid (IL) and bio-renewable sources as chitosan (CHT) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) were used to yield hydrogel-based materials (CHT/CS). The use of IL to solubilize both polysaccharides was considered an innovative way based on "green chemistry" principle, aiming the production of CHT/CS blended systems. CHT/CS hydrogels were carried out in homogeneous medium from short dissolution times. The hydrogels were characterized and achieved with excellent stabilities (in the 1.2-10pH range), larger swelling capacities, as well as devoid of cytotoxicity towards the normal VERO and diseased HT29 cells. The CHT/CS hydrogels carried out in [Hmim][HSO 4 ] could be applied in many technological purposes, like medical, pharmaceutical, and environmental fields. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Experimental study of oblique impact between dry spheres and liquid layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Jiliang; Liu, Daoyin; Chen, Xiaoping

2013-09-01

Liquid addition is common in industrial fluidization-based processes. A detailed understanding of collision mechanics of particles with liquid layers is helpful to optimize these processes. The normal impact with liquid has been studied extensively; however, the studies on oblique impact with liquid are scarce. In this work, experiments are conducted to trace Al2O3 spheres obliquely impacting on a surface covered by liquid layers, in which the free-fall spheres are disturbed initially by a horizontal gas flow. The oblique impact exhibits different rebound behaviors from normal collision due to the occurrence of strong rotation. The normal and tangential restitution coefficients (en and et) and liquid bridge rupture time (trup) are analyzed. With increase in liquid layer thickness and viscosity, en and et decline, and trup increases. With increase in tangential velocity, et decreases first and then increases, whereas en remains nearly unchanged, and trup decreases constantly. A modified Stokes number is proposed to further explore the relation between restitution coefficients and the impact parameters. Finally, an analysis of energy dissipation shows that the contact deformation and liquid phase are the two main sources of total energy dissipation. Unexpectedly, the dissipative energy caused by the liquid phase is independent of tangential velocity.

The non-Newtonian heat and mass transport of He 2 in porous media used for vapor-liquid phase separation. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuan, S. W. K.

1985-01-01

This investigation of vapor-liquid phase separation (VLPS) of He 2 is related to long-term storage of cryogenic liquid. The VLPS system utilizes porous plugs in order to generate thermomechanical (thermo-osmotic) force which in turn prevents liquid from flowing out of the cryo-vessel (e.g., Infrared Astronomical Satellite). An apparatus was built and VLPS data were collected for a 2 and a 10 micrometer sintered stainless steel plug and a 5 to 15 micrometer sintered bronze plug. The VLPS data obtained at high temperature were in the nonlinear turbulent regime. At low temperature, the Stokes regime was approached. A turbulent flow model was developed, which provides a phenomenological description of the VLPS data. According to the model, most of the phase separation data are in the turbulent regime. The model is based on concepts of the Gorter-Mellink transport involving the mutual friction known from the zero net mass flow (ZNMF) studies. The latter had to be modified to obtain agreement with the present experimental VLPS evidence. In contrast to the well-known ZNMF mode, the VLPS results require a geometry dependent constant (Gorter-Mellink constant). A theoretical interpretation of the phenomenological equation for the VLPS data obtained, is based on modelling of the dynamics of quantized vortices proposed by Vinen. In extending Vinen's model to the VLPS transport of He 2 in porous media, a correlation between the K*(GM) and K(p) was obtained which permits an interpretation of the present findings. As K(p) is crucial, various methods were introduced to measure the permeability of the porous media at low temperatures. Good agreement was found between the room temperature and the low temperature K(p)-value of the plugs.

Fluorescence Spectrum and Decay Measurement for Hsil VS Normal Cytology Differentiation in Liquid Pap Smear Supernatant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vaitkuviene, A.; Gegzna, V.; Juodkazis, S.; Jursenas, S.; Miasojedovas, S.; Kurtinaitiene, R.; Rimiene, J.; Vaitkus, J.

2009-06-01

Cervical smear material contains endo and exocervical cells, mucus and inflammative, immune cells in cases of pathology. Just not destroyed keratinocytes lay on the glass for microscopy. Liquid cytology supernatant apart other diagnostics could be used for photodiagnostic. The spectroscopic parameters suitable for Normal and HSIL cytology groups supernatant differentiation are demonstrated. The dried liquid PAP supernatant fractions—sediment and liquid were investigated. Excitation and emission matrices (EEM), supernatant fluorescence decay measured under 280 nm diode short pulse excitation and fluorescence spectroscopy by excitation with 355 nm laser light were analyzed. The differences between Normal and HSIL groups were statistically proven in the certain spectral regions. Fluorescence decay peculiarities show spectral regions consisting of few fluorophores. Obtained results on fluorescence differences in Normal and HSIL groups' supernatant shows the potency of photodiagnosis application in cervical screening.

It looks like autism: caution in diagnosis.

PubMed

Snyder, David M; Miller, Karen; Stein, Martin T

2010-04-01

CASE 1: At 3 years of age, Billy was seen by his pediatrician for a well child visit. Spontaneous speech was limited during the visit. He did not interact with the pediatrician and attempts to play with Billy resulted in oppositional behavior. About 3 months after the visit, Billy's parents requested a developmental evaluation; he was diagnosed with autism by means of an observational measure and a parent interview. Billy was born full term after an uncomplicated labor, delivery and postnatal period. Motor milestones were normal. His parents recalled that he used his finger to point to an object prior to using words. He spoke several single words by his first birthday and used phrases before age 2 years. Billy was described as often having difficulty with transitions, but he is happy and outgoing in familiar situations. At 3 years old, when he started preschool, Billy did not speak to either the teacher or other children. This pattern of refusal to speak persists. His parents report that he talks to them and one uncle using complete sentences with clear speech. Billy prefers to repeat activities and is reluctant to try activities. He frequently plays with the same toy cars placing them in a neat line and becomes upset if things are not done in the same way. An uncle has Asperger syndrome. CASE 2: Juan, a 3 year old Mexican-American boy, was referred by his preschool teacher because "he does not interact with other children or use language at an age-appropriate level." He prefers to play alone, resists participation in group activities at preschool, and does not share as well as other students according to his teacher. Expressive language with speech is rarely seen in preschool. In contrast, at home he plays interactively, shares toys with his older brother and speaks in short, clear sentences. In preschool, English is spoken exclusively. At home, Spanish is the primary language. Prenatal and birth histories were uneventful. Motor and social milestones were achieved art the expected times. He spoke his first word at 18 months and 2-word phrases at 2 years. Currently, he speaks in full sentences with pleurals and pronouns. He follows commands and recently had a normal audiogram. His parents, who speak English with ease, are concerned about the teacher's observations at school. The physical examination was normal; the developmental and behavioral assessments were conducted by an English speaking clinician. Juan played interactively with toys while demonstrating curiosity, showing and joint attention. There was no speech production during a 30 minute period although he did follow directions. When a Spanish speaking clinician assumed responsibility for the assessment, Juan's speech production increased significantly. He told a story about his drawing and talked about the family dog and his brother. He had good eye contact and appropriate pragmatic speech when the dialogue was in Spanish.

Evaluation of cytotoxic and mutagenic effects of Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogii extracts on mammalian cells.

PubMed

Unyayar, Ali; Demirbilek, Murat; Turkoglu, Melisa; Celik, Ayla; Mazmanci, Mehmet A; Erkurt, Emrah A; Unyayar, Serpil; Cekic, Ozlem; Atacag, Hatice

2006-01-01

This study examined the in vitro cytotoxic activities of standardized aqueous bioactive extracts prepared from Coriolus versicolor and Funalia trogiiATCC 200800 on HeLa and fibroblast cell lines using a MTT (3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-]-2-5-difeniltetrazolium bromide) cytotoxicity assay. F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts were cytotoxic to both cell lines. At 10 microL treatment level, F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts inhibited proliferation of HeLa cancer cells by 71.5% and 45%, respectively, compared with controls. Toxicity was lower toward normal fibroblasts. In the latter case, treatment at 10 microL level with F. trogii and C. versicolor extracts reduced cell proliferation by 51.3% and 38.7%, respectively. In separate experiments, the mitotic index (MI) obtained with 3 microL treatment level of unheated extracts of the two fungi was comparable to the MI value obtained by treatment with 4 microg/mL MMC (anticancer agent mitomycin-C). A significant induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE) was observed in normal cultured lymphocytes treated with MMC (4 microg/mL). MMC treatment reduced replication index compared with treatment with unheated F. trogii extract and negative controls (p < 0.001). In contrast to MMC, F. trogii extracts did not affect the proliferation of human lymphocytes compared with controls (p > 0.05). Laccase and peroxidase enzyme activities in F. trogii extract were implicated in their inhibitory effect on cancer cells. F. trogii extract was concluded to have antitumor activity.

A Liquid-Liquid Transition in an Undercooled Ti-Zr-Ni Liquid

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, G. W.; Gangopadhyay, A. K.; Kelton, K. F.; Hyers, R. W.; Rathz, T. J.; Rogers, J. R.

2003-01-01

If crystallization can be avoided, liquids enter a metastable (undercooled) state below their equilibrium liquidus temperatures, TI, finally freezing into a glass below a characteristic temperature called the glass transition temperature, T,. In rare cases, the undercooled liquid may undergo a liquid-liquid phase transition (liquid polymorphism) before entering the glassy state. This has been suggested from experimental studies of HzO and Si4. Such phase transitions have been predicted in some stable liquids, i.e. above TI at atmospheric pressure, for Si02 and BeF;, but these have not been verified experimentally. They have been observed in liquids of P7, Sis and C9, but only under high pressure. All of these transitions are driven by an anomalous density change, i.e. change in local structure, with temperature or pressure. In this letter we present the first experimental evidence for a phase transition in a low viscosity liquid that is not driven by an anomalous density change, but by an approach to a constant configuration state. A maximum in the specific heat at constant pressure, similar to what is normally observed near T,, is reported here for undercooled low viscosity liquids of quasicrystal- forming Ti-Zr-Ni alloys. that includes cooperativity, by incorporating a temperature dependent excitation energy fits the data well, signaling a phase transition.

One-step liquid-liquid extraction of cocaine from urine samples for gas chromatographic analysis.

PubMed

Farina, Marcelo; Yonamine, Maurício; Silva, Ovandir A

2002-07-17

An improved technique for cocaine extraction from urine samples for gas chromatographic (GC) analysis is described. Employing a simple liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) of cocaine with a mixture of ethyl ether:isopropanol (9:1) the method presents a mean recovery of 74.49%. Limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 5 and 20 ng/ml, respectively. The method is highly precise (coefficient of variation (CV) <8%) and linear from 20 to 2000 ng/ml. It can he applied to detect the presence of cocaine in urine as a marker of its recent use in drug abuse treatment protocols.

Quantum Dynamics of Helium Clusters

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

the structure of both these and the HeN clusters in the body fixed frame by computing principal moments of inertia, thereby avoiding the...8217 of helium clusters, with the modification that we subtract 0.96 K from the computed values so that lor sufficiently large clusters we recover the...phonon spectrum of liquid He. To get a picture of these spectra one needs to compute the structure functions 51. Monte Carlo random walk simulations

Normal distribution of body weight gain in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a high-energy diet.

PubMed

Archer, Zoe A; Rayner, D Vernon; Rozman, Jan; Klingenspor, Martin; Mercer, Julian G

2003-11-01

To investigate the effect of a high-energy (HE) diet on caloric intake, body weight, and related parameters in outbred male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Twenty-eight SD rats were fed either chow (C) for 19 weeks or HE diet for 14 weeks and then C for 5 weeks. Blood hormones and metabolites were assayed, and expression of uncoupling protein-1 and hypothalamic energy-balance-related genes were determined by Northern blotting and in situ hybridization, respectively. HE rats gained body weight more rapidly than C animals with a range of weight gains, but there was no evidence that weight gain was bimodally distributed. Caloric intake was transiently elevated after introduction of the HE diet. Transfer of HE rats back to C resulted in a drop in caloric intake, but a stable body weight. In terminal analysis, two of four dissected adipose tissue depots were heavier in rats that had previously been fed HE diet. Blood leptin, insulin, glucose, and nonesterified fatty acids were not different between the groups. Uncoupling protein-1 mRNA was elevated in interscapular brown adipose tissue from HE rats. There was a trend for agouti-related peptide mRNA in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus to be higher in HE rats. Contrary to other studies of the SD rat on HE diet, body weight and other measured parameters were normally distributed. There was no segregation into two distinct populations on the basis of susceptibility to diet-induced obesity. This characteristic may be dependent on the breeding colony from which animals were sourced.

Prematurity and parental expectations: too early and now too much.

PubMed

Maypole, Jack; Trozzi, Maria; Augustyn, Marilyn

2011-05-01

Hami is a 3-year-old boy who is a former premature 25-week infant with a birth weight of 1 pound 9 ounces. He had a relatively smooth Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) course; he required intubation for 1 month and went home on room air. He had a left Grade I intraventricular hemorrhage that was resolved by 2 months of life. He had 7 blood transfusions for anemia over the first 3 months of life. A brainstem auditory evoked potential test was normal at hospital discharge, and he showed no evidence of retinopathy of prematurity. He never had seizure activity.He was discharged to home at 3 months where he did well and thrived on a high calorie formula. He walked at 17 months and spoke his first words at 2 years. He was enrolled in Early Intervention at the time of discharge from hospital; monthly home visits were increased to weekly visits by an early childhood educator at 12 months. When he was 12 months, he was enrolled in a family day care with 4 other children younger than 3 years. Hami's language development was slow; at 2.5 years of age, he was beginning to make 2 word combinations. Early intervention services were increased to include an additional hour of speech and language therapy as well as a play group.Hami's mother is 33 years old, and this is her first child. She worked as an accounting assistant, but she was able to be home with Hami for the first year of his life. She returned to full-time work on his first birthday. Hami's father is 35 years old and works for the national electrical grid as a manager. They are not married but have lived together for the last 5 years. Dad works evenings and cares for Hami from 4 to 6 pm after childcare; mom returns from work at 6 pm. Dad leaves for work at 7 pm and works till 2 am. Their relationship has been strained by the child care demands, their work schedules, and Hami's developmental progress.Hami's primary care pediatrician specializes in children with complex medical problems. The parents express concern at the 3-year-old visit that Hami's language is not progressing as it should be. They are concerned that he is much more active than the other 3 year olds in his child care setting. Early intervention has initiated the transition process to a public school placement, and the parents are very concerned that he is too young, too active, and too much of a handful to be "in the big public school." What would you do next?

Lactulose vs Polyethylene Glycol 3350-Electrolyte Solution for Treatment of Overt Hepatic Encephalopathy

PubMed Central

Rahimi, Robert S.; Singal, Amit G.; Cuthbert, Jennifer A.; Rockey, Don C.

2017-01-01

IMPORTANCE Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a common cause of hospitalization in patients with cirrhosis. Pharmacologic treatment for acute (overt) HE has remained the same for decades. OBJECTIVE To compare polyethylene glycol 3350–electrolyte solution (PEG) and lactulose treatments in patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital for HE. We hypothesized that rapid catharsis of the gut using PEG may resolve HE more effectively than lactulose. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS The HELP (Hepatic Encephalopathy: Lactulose vs Polyethylene Glycol 3350-Electrolyte Solution) study is a randomized clinical trial in an academic tertiary hospital of 50 patients with cirrhosis (of 186 screened) admitted for HE. INTERVENTIONS Participants were block randomized to receive treatment with PEG, 4-L dose (n = 25), or standard-of-care lactulose (n = 25) during hospitalization. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary end point was an improvement of 1 or more in HE grade at 24 hours, determined using the hepatic encephalopathy scoring algorithm (HESA), ranging from 0 (normal clinical and neuropsychological assessments) to 4 (coma). Secondary outcomes included time to HE resolution and overall length of stay. RESULTS A total of 25 patients were randomized to each treatment arm. Baseline clinical features at admission were similar in the groups. Thirteen of 25 patients in the standard therapy arm (52%) had an improvement of 1 or more in HESA score, thus meeting the primary outcome measure, compared with 21 of 23 evaluated patients receiving PEG (91%) (P < .01); 1 patient was discharged before final analysis and 1 refused participation. The mean (SD) HESA score at 24 hours for patients receiving standard therapy changed from 2.3 (0.9) to 1.6 (0.9) compared with a change from 2.3 (0.9) to 0.9 (1.0) for the PEG-treated groups (P = .002). The median time for HE resolution was 2 days for standard therapy and 1 day for PEG (P = .01). Adverse events were uncommon, and none was definitely study related. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE PEG led to more rapid HE resolution than standard therapy, suggesting that PEG may be superior to standard lactulose therapy in patients with cirrhosis hospitalized for acute HE. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01283152 PMID:25243839

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome after long bone fracture due to gunshot injury

PubMed Central

Duran, Latif; Kayhan, Servet; Kati, Celal; Akdemir, Hizir Ufuk; Balci, Kemal; Yavuz, Yucel

2014-01-01

Cerebral fat embolism syndrome is a lethal complication of long-bone fractures and clinically manifasted with respiratory distress, altered mental status, and petechial rash. We presented a 20-year-old male admitted with gun-shot wounds to his left leg. Twenty-four hours after the event, he had generalized tonic clonic seizures, decorticate posture and a Glascow Coma Scale of seven with localization of painful stimuli. Subsequent magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed a star-field pattern defining multiple lesions of restricted diffusion. On a 4-week follow-up, he had returned to normal neurological function. Despite the severity of the neurological condition upon initial presentation, the case cerebral fat embolism illustrates that, cerebral dysfunction associated with cerebral fat embolism illustrates reversible. PMID:24701067

Preserved recognition in a case of developmental amnesia: implications for the acquisition of semantic memory?

PubMed

Baddeley, A; Vargha-Khadem, F; Mishkin, M

2001-04-01

We report the performance on recognition memory tests of Jon, who, despite amnesia from early childhood, has developed normal levels of performance on tests of intelligence, language, and general knowledge. Despite impaired recall, he performed within the normal range on each of six recognition tests, but he appears to lack the recollective phenomenological experience normally associated with episodic memory. His recall of previously unfamiliar newsreel events was impaired, but gained substantially from repetition over a 2-day period. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the recollective process of episodic memory is not necessary either for recognition or for the acquisition of semantic knowledge.

Polarization effects in the reactions p + 3 He → π+ + 4 He, π+ + 4 He → p + 3 He and quantum character of spin correlations in the final (p, 3 He) system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyuboshitz, Valery V.; Lyuboshitz, Vladimir L.

2017-12-01

The general consequences of T invariance for the direct and inverse binary reactions a + b → c + d, c + d → a + b with spin-1/2 particles a, b and unpolarized particles c, d are considered. Using the formalism of helicity amplitudes, the polarization effects are studied in the reaction p + 3 He → π+ + 4 He and in the inverse process π+ + 4 He → p + 3 He. It is shown that in the reaction π + + 4 He → p + 3 He the spins of the final proton and 3 He nucleus are strongly correlated. A structural expression through helicity amplitudes, corresponding to arbitrary emission angles, is obtained for the correlation tensor. It is established that in the reaction π + + 4 He → p + 3 He one of the “classical” incoherence inequalities of the Bell type for diagonal components of the correlation tensor is necessarily violated and, thus, the spin correlations of the final particles have the strongly pronounced quantum character.

Ex vivo 2D and 3D HSV-2 infection model using human normal vaginal epithelial cells.

PubMed

Zhu, Yaqi; Yang, Yan; Guo, Juanjuan; Dai, Ying; Ye, Lina; Qiu, Jianbin; Zeng, Zhihong; Wu, Xiaoting; Xing, Yanmei; Long, Xiang; Wu, Xufeng; Ye, Lin; Wang, Shubin; Li, Hui

2017-02-28

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infects human genital mucosa and establishes life-long latent infection. It is unmet need to establish a human cell-based microphysiological system for virus biology and anti-viral drug discovery. One of barriers is lacking of culture system of normal epithelial cells in vitro over decades. In this study, we established human normal vaginal epithelial cell (HNVEC) culture using co-culture system. HNVEC cells were then propagated rapidly and stably in a defined culture condition. HNVEC cells exhibited a normal diploid karyotype and formed the well-defined and polarized spheres in matrigel three-dimension (3D) culture, while malignant cells (HeLa) formed disorganized and nonpolar solid spheres. HNVEC cells had a normal cellular response to DNA damage and had no transforming property using soft agar assays. HNVEC expressed epithelial marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and p63, but not cytokeratin 18 (CK18). Next, we reconstructed HNVEC-derived 3D vaginal epithelium using air-liquid interface (ALI) culture. This 3D vaginal epithelium has the basal and apical layers with expression of epithelial markers as its originated human vaginal tissue. Finally, we established an HSV-2 infection model based on the reconstructed 3D vaginal epithelium. After inoculation of HSV-2 (G strain) at apical layer of the reconstructed 3D vaginal epithelium, we observed obvious pathological effects gradually spreading from the apical layer to basal layer with expression of a viral protein. Thus, we established an ex vivo 2D and 3D HSV-2 infection model that can be used for HSV-2 virology and anti-viral drug discovery.

Hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism in a patient with diabetes mellitus: an unforgettable case report.

PubMed

Chelaghma, Naziha; Oyibo, Samson O

2018-01-01

A 58-year-old man presented with a 3-year history of chronic and intermittent hyperkalemia requiring recurrent attendances to the emergency department for urgent treatment. His medical history included secondary diabetes mellitus following a bout of acute pancreatitis and a previous splenectomy for a spontaneous splenic rupture. He also had a history of prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for back pain and painful neuropathy. He was not on any medication or diet that would cause a raised serum potassium level and his renal function was normal. He was on a basal-bolus insulin regimen but his diabetes control had been poor for several years. As the hyperkalemia had gone on for so long in the presence of normal renal function, he went on to have further tests. Adrenal insufficiency had been ruled out following a short Synacthen test. Further investigations revealed low serum aldosterone levels and inappropriately low serum renin levels in the presence of hyperkalemia. This was suggestive of hyporeninemic hypoaldosteronism (HH). He was then treated with fludrocortisone and furosemide and his serum potassium levels remained normal. Additionally, he did not require any more emergency admissions to treat hyperkalemia thereafter. It was concluded that the HH-induced hyperkalemia was caused by diabetes mellitus or due to a combination of diabetes and prolonged use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The absence of renal impairment may have contributed to the delay in diagnosis. HH is a commonly overlooked cause of hyperkalemia. This case highlights the fact that it should always be suspected when unexplained hyperkalemia is found in patients with only mild-moderately impaired renal function, especially in the presence of diabetes mellitus.

Kleine Levin syndrome in Malaysia: first typical case

PubMed Central

Bahari, Rafidah; Ahmad, Syed Hassan

2012-01-01

A 13-year-old boy presented with a 2 weeks history of tearfulness, childish behaviour, separation anxiety, hypersomnia, hyperphagia and sexual disinhibition following a brief episode of fever. He had been experiencing the episodes since he was seven. The episodes lasted from a few days to 3 weeks and would normally occur once in a year. Most of the time it started with fever and resolved spontaneously. In the past he described auditory hallucination but not this time. Examination revealed a slightly overweight adolescent male appearing appropriate to his age. During the session he was restless, sleepy and burst into tears frequently. He constantly asked his mother when he could go home to sleep. He was very childish and clung to his mother. He was given a trial of risperidone 1 mg to be taken once a day for 3 days. On follow-up he had completely recovered. PMID:22605587

Results of the determination of He in cenozoic aquifers using the GC method.

PubMed

Kotowski, Tomasz; Najman, Joanna

2015-04-01

Applications of the Helium (He) method known so far consisted mainly of 4He measurements using a special mass spectrometer. 4He measurements for groundwater dating purposes can be replaced by total He (3He+4He) concentration measurements because the content of 3He can be ignored. The concentrations of 3He are very low and 3He/4 He ratios do not exceed 1.0·10(-5) in most cases. In this study, the total He concentrations in groundwater were determined using the gas chromatographic (GC) method as an alternative to methods based on spectrometry measurement. He concentrations in groundwater were used for the determination of residence time and groundwater circulation. Additionally, the radiocarbon method was used to determine the value of the external He flux (JHe) in the study area. Obtained low He concentrations and their small variation within the ca. 65 km long section along which groundwater flows indicate that it is likely there is relatively short residence time and a strong hydraulic connection between the aquifers. The estimated residence time (ca. 3000 years) is heavily dependent on the great uncertainty of the He concentration resulting from the low concentrations of He, the external 4He flux value adopted for calculation purposes and the 14C ages used to estimate the external 4He flux. © 2015, National Ground Water Association.

Bubble Formation and Lattice Parameter Changes Resulting from He Irradiation of Defect-Fluorite Gd2Zr2O7

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, Caitlin A.; Patel, Maulik K.; Aguiar, Jeffery A.

2016-08-15

Pyrochlores have long been considered as potential candidates for advanced ceramic waste-forms for the immobilization of radioactive waste nuclides. This work provides evidence that Gd2Zr2O7, often considered the most radiation tolerant pyrochlore, could be susceptible to radiation damage in the form of bubble nucleation at the highest He doses expected over geological time. Ion irradiations were utilized to experimentally simulate the radiation damage and He accumulation produced by ..alpha..-decay. Samples were pre-damaged using 7 MeV Au3+ to induce the pyrochlore to defect-fluorite phase transformation, which would occur due to ..alpha..-recoil damage within several hundred years of storage in a Gd2Zr2O7more » waste-form. These samples were then implanted to various He concentrations in order to study the long-term effects of He accumulation. Helium bubbles 1-3 nm in diameter were observed in TEM at a concentration of 4.6 at.% He. Some bubbles remained isolated, while others formed chains 10-30 nm in length parallel to the surface. GIXRD measurements showed lattice swelling after irradiating pristine Gd2Zr2O7 with 7 MeV Au3+ to a fluence of 2.2 x 1015 Au/cm2. An increase in lattice swelling was also measured after 2.2 x 1015 Au/cm2 + 2 x 1015 He/cm2 and 2.2 x 1015 Au/cm2 + 2 x 1016 He/cm2. A decrease in lattice swelling was measured after irradiation with 2.2 x 1015 Au/cm2 + 2 x 1017 He/cm2, the fluence where bubbles and bubble chains were observed in TEM. Bubble chains are thought to form in order to reduce lattice strain normal to the surface, which is produced by the Au and He irradiation damage.« less

Theoretical analysis and experimental study on breakaway torque of large-diameter magnetic liquid seal at low temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Haina; Li, Decai; Wang, Qinglei; Zhang, Zhili

2013-07-01

The existing researches of the magnetic liquid rotation seal have been mainly oriented to the seal at normal temperature and the seal with the smaller shaft diameter less than 100 mm. However, the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature has not been reported both in theory and in application up to now. A key factor restricting the application of the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is the high breakaway torque. In this paper, the factors that influence the breakaway torque including the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at normal temperature are studied. Two kinds of magnetic liquid with variable content of large particles are prepared first, and a seal feedthrough with 140 mm shaft diameter is used in the experiments. All experiments are carried out in a low temperature chamber with a temperature range from 200°C to -100°C. Different numbers of seal stages are tested under the same condition to study the relation between the breakaway torque and the number of seal stages. Variable quantity of magnetic liquid is injected in the seal gap to get the relation curve of the breakaway torque and the injecting quantity of magnetic liquid. In the experiment for studying the relation between the breakaway torque and the standing time at the normal temperature, the seal feedtrough is laid at normal temperature for different period of time before it is put in the low temperature chamber. The experimental results show that the breakaway torque is proportional to the number of seal stages, the injected quantity of magnetic liquid and the standing time at the normal temperature. Meanwhile, the experimental results are analyzed and the torque formula of magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature is deduced from the Navier-Stokes equation on the base of the model of magnetic liquid rotation seal. The presented research can make wider application of the magnetic liquid seal in general. And the large-diameter magnetic liquid rotation seal at low temperature designed by using present research results are to be used in some special fields, such as the military field, etc.

Experimental investigation on no-vent fill process using tetrafluoromethane (CF4)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Youngcheol; Lee, Cheonkyu; Park, Jiho; Seo, Mansu; Jeong, Sangkwon

2016-03-01

This paper investigates the transfer of liquid cryogens using a no-vent fill (NVF) process experimentally to identify the dominant NVF parameters. The experimental apparatus has been fabricated with extensive instrumentations to precisely study the effects of each NVF parameter. Liquid tetrafluoromethane (CF4) is selected as the working fluid due to its similar molecular structures and similar normal boiling point and triple point with liquid methane which has been considered as an attractive future cryogenic propellant. The experimental results show that the initial receiver tank wall temperature and the incoming liquid temperature are the primary factors that characterize the (non-equilibrium) thermodynamic state at the start of a NVF transfer. The supply pressure is also critical as it indicates the ability to condense vapor in the receiver tank. A non-dimensional map based on energy balance is proposed to find acceptable initial conditions of the filling volume at the desired final tank pressure. The non-dimensional map shows good agreement with the NVF data not only in this paper but also in the previous research.

Partial achilles tendon rupture presenting with giant hematoma; MRI findings of 4 year follow up.

PubMed

Sarsilmaz, Aysegul; Varer, Makbule; Coskun, Gulten; Apaydın, Melda; Oyar, Orhan

2011-12-01

In the young population, spontaneous rupture of Achilles tendon is very rare. The big hematoma is also rare finding of the Achilles tendon partial rupture. It is usually seen with complete rupture. We presented imaging findings of 4 years follow up of the spontaneous partial rupture of Achilles tendon presenting with giant expanding hematoma and mimicking complete rupture radiologically. We discussed the alterations of tendon signal intensity and result of conservative therapy after partial rupture with big hematoma in the long term. A 29 year-old man, applied with pain and swelling in the retrocalcaneal region of left ankle. He did not have chronic metabolic disease. He was not active in physical activities. X-ray radiograms were normal. At magnetic resonance images (MRI), there was an intratendinous big hematoma, subcutanous fat planes were edematous around tendon. The diagnosis was partial rupture and giant hematoma. Hematoma was drained. The conservative treatment was applied and his complaints disappeared. After treatment, approximately 4 years later, control MRI showed thickened and hypointense tendon in all images. Crown Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

End-compensated magnetostatic cavity for polarized 3He neutron spin filters.

PubMed

McIver, J W; Erwin, R; Chen, W C; Gentile, T R

2009-06-01

We have expanded upon the "Magic Box" concept, a coil driven magnetic parallel plate capacitor constructed out of mu-metal, by introducing compensation sections at the ends of the box that are tuned to limit end-effects similar to those of short solenoids. This ability has reduced the length of the magic box design without sacrificing any loss in field homogeneity, making the device far more applicable to the often space limited neutron beam line. The appeal of the design beyond affording longer polarized 3He lifetimes is that it provides a vertical guide field, which facilitates neutron spin transport for typical polarized beam experiments. We have constructed two end-compensated magic boxes of dimensions 28.4 x 40 x 15 cm3 (length x width x height) with measured, normalized volume-averaged transverse field gradients ranging from 3.3 x 10(-4) to 6.3 x 10(-4) cm(-1) for cell sizes ranging from 8.1 x 6.0 to 12.0 x 7.9 cm2 (diameter x length), respectively.

Production of 4He and He4‾ in Pb-Pb collisions at √{sNN } = 2.76TeV at the LHC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acharya, S.; Adamová, D.; Adolfsson, J.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Aglieri Rinella, G.; Agnello, M.; Agrawal, N.; Ahammed, Z.; Ahn, S. U.; Aiola, S.; Akindinov, A.; Al-Turany, M.; Alam, S. N.; Albuquerque, D. S. D.; Aleksandrov, D.; Alessandro, B.; Alfaro Molina, R.; Ali, Y.; Alici, A.; Alkin, A.; Alme, J.; Alt, T.; Altenkamper, L.; Altsybeev, I.; Alves Garcia Prado, C.; Andrei, C.; Andreou, D.; Andrews, H. A.; Andronic, A.; Anguelov, V.; Anson, C.; Antičić, T.; Antinori, F.; Antonioli, P.; Aphecetche, L.; Appelshäuser, H.; Arcelli, S.; Arnaldi, R.; Arnold, O. W.; Arsene, I. C.; Arslandok, M.; Audurier, B.; Augustinus, A.; Averbeck, R.; Azmi, M. D.; Badalà, A.; Baek, Y. W.; Bagnasco, S.; Bailhache, R.; Bala, R.; Baldisseri, A.; Ball, M.; Baral, R. C.; Barbano, A. M.; Barbera, R.; Barile, F.; Barioglio, L.; Barnaföldi, G. G.; Barnby, L. S.; Barret, V.; Bartalini, P.; Barth, K.; Bartsch, E.; Bastid, N.; Basu, S.; Batigne, G.; Batyunya, B.; Batzing, P. C.; Bazo Alba, J. L.; Bearden, I. G.; Beck, H.; Bedda, C.; Behera, N. K.; Belikov, I.; Bellini, F.; Bello Martinez, H.; Bellwied, R.; Beltran, L. G. E.; Belyaev, V.; Bencedi, G.; Beole, S.; Bercuci, A.; Berdnikov, Y.; Berenyi, D.; Bertens, R. A.; Berzano, D.; Betev, L.; Bhasin, A.; Bhat, I. R.; Bhattacharjee, B.; Bhom, J.; Bianchi, A.; Bianchi, L.; Bianchi, N.; Bianchin, C.; Bielčík, J.; Bielčíková, J.; Bilandzic, A.; Biro, G.; Biswas, R.; Biswas, S.; Blair, J. T.; Blau, D.; Blume, C.; Boca, G.; Bock, F.; Bogdanov, A.; Boldizsár, L.; Bombara, M.; Bonomi, G.; Bonora, M.; Book, J.; Borel, H.; Borissov, A.; Borri, M.; Botta, E.; Bourjau, C.; Bratrud, L.; Braun-Munzinger, P.; Bregant, M.; Broker, T. A.; Broz, M.; Brucken, E. J.; Bruna, E.; Bruno, G. E.; Budnikov, D.; Buesching, H.; Bufalino, S.; Buhler, P.; Buncic, P.; Busch, O.; Buthelezi, Z.; Butt, J. B.; Buxton, J. T.; Cabala, J.; Caffarri, D.; Caines, H.; Caliva, A.; Calvo Villar, E.; Camerini, P.; Capon, A. A.; Carena, F.; Carena, W.; Carnesecchi, F.; Castillo Castellanos, J.; Castro, A. J.; Casula, E. A. R.; Ceballos Sanchez, C.; Chandra, S.; Chang, B.; Chang, W.; Chapeland, S.; Chartier, M.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chattopadhyay, S.; Chauvin, A.; Cheshkov, C.; Cheynis, B.; Chibante Barroso, V.; Chinellato, D. D.; Cho, S.; Chochula, P.; Chojnacki, M.; Choudhury, S.; Chowdhury, T.; Christakoglou, P.; Christensen, C. H.; Christiansen, P.; Chujo, T.; Chung, S. U.; Cicalo, C.; Cifarelli, L.; Cindolo, F.; Cleymans, J.; Colamaria, F.; Colella, D.; Collu, A.; Colocci, M.; Concas, M.; Conesa Balbastre, G.; Conesa Del Valle, Z.; Contreras, J. G.; Cormier, T. M.; Corrales Morales, Y.; Cortés Maldonado, I.; Cortese, P.; Cosentino, M. R.; Costa, F.; Costanza, S.; Crkovská, J.; Crochet, P.; Cuautle, E.; Cunqueiro, L.; Dahms, T.; Dainese, A.; Danisch, M. C.; Danu, A.; Das, D.; Das, I.; Das, S.; Dash, A.; Dash, S.; de, S.; de Caro, A.; de Cataldo, G.; de Conti, C.; de Cuveland, J.; de Falco, A.; de Gruttola, D.; De Marco, N.; de Pasquale, S.; de Souza, R. D.; Degenhardt, H. F.; Deisting, A.; Deloff, A.; Deplano, C.; Dhankher, P.; di Bari, D.; di Mauro, A.; di Nezza, P.; di Ruzza, B.; Diaz Corchero, M. A.; Dietel, T.; Dillenseger, P.; Ding, Y.; Divià, R.; Djuvsland, Ø.; Dobrin, A.; Domenicis Gimenez, D.; Dönigus, B.; Dordic, O.; Doremalen, L. V. R.; Dubey, A. K.; Dubla, A.; Ducroux, L.; Dudi, S.; Duggal, A. K.; Dukhishyam, M.; Dupieux, P.; Ehlers, R. J.; Elia, D.; Endress, E.; Engel, H.; Epple, E.; Erazmus, B.; Erhardt, F.; Espagnon, B.; Eulisse, G.; Eum, J.; Evans, D.; Evdokimov, S.; Fabbietti, L.; Faivre, J.; Fantoni, A.; Fasel, M.; Feldkamp, L.; Feliciello, A.; Feofilov, G.; Fernández Téllez, A.; Ferreiro, E. G.; Ferretti, A.; Festanti, A.; Feuillard, V. J. G.; Figiel, J.; Figueredo, M. A. S.; Filchagin, S.; Finogeev, D.; Fionda, F. M.; Floris, M.; Foertsch, S.; Foka, P.; Fokin, S.; Fragiacomo, E.; Francescon, A.; Francisco, A.; Frankenfeld, U.; Fronze, G. G.; Fuchs, U.; Furget, C.; Furs, A.; Fusco Girard, M.; Gaardhøje, J. J.; Gagliardi, M.; Gago, A. M.; Gajdosova, K.; Gallio, M.; Galvan, C. D.; Ganoti, P.; Garabatos, C.; Garcia-Solis, E.; Garg, K.; Gargiulo, C.; Gasik, P.; Gauger, E. F.; Gay Ducati, M. B.; Germain, M.; Ghosh, J.; Ghosh, P.; Ghosh, S. K.; Gianotti, P.; Giubellino, P.; Giubilato, P.; Gladysz-Dziadus, E.; Glässel, P.; Goméz Coral, D. M.; Gomez Ramirez, A.; Gonzalez, A. S.; Gonzalez, V.; González-Zamora, P.; Gorbunov, S.; Görlich, L.; Gotovac, S.; Grabski, V.; Graczykowski, L. K.; Graham, K. L.; Greiner, L.; Grelli, A.; Grigoras, C.; Grigoriev, V.; Grigoryan, A.; Grigoryan, S.; Gronefeld, J. M.; Grosa, F.; Grosse-Oetringhaus, J. F.; Grosso, R.; Guber, F.; Guernane, R.; Guerzoni, B.; Gulbrandsen, K.; Gunji, T.; Gupta, A.; Gupta, R.; Guzman, I. B.; Haake, R.; Hadjidakis, C.; Hamagaki, H.; Hamar, G.; Hamon, J. C.; Haque, M. R.; Harris, J. W.; Harton, A.; Hassan, H.; Hatzifotiadou, D.; Hayashi, S.; Heckel, S. T.; Hellbär, E.; Helstrup, H.; Herghelegiu, A.; Hernandez, E. G.; Herrera Corral, G.; Herrmann, F.; Hess, B. A.; Hetland, K. F.; Hillemanns, H.; Hills, C.; Hippolyte, B.; Hohlweger, B.; Horak, D.; Hornung, S.; Hosokawa, R.; Hristov, P.; Hughes, C.; Humanic, T. J.; Hussain, N.; Hussain, T.; Hutter, D.; Hwang, D. S.; Iga Buitron, S. A.; Ilkaev, R.; Inaba, M.; Ippolitov, M.; Islam, M. S.; Ivanov, M.; Ivanov, V.; Izucheev, V.; Jacak, B.; Jacazio, N.; Jacobs, P. M.; Jadhav, M. B.; Jadlovska, S.; Jadlovsky, J.; Jaelani, S.; Jahnke, C.; Jakubowska, M. J.; Janik, M. A.; Jayarathna, P. H. S. Y.; Jena, C.; Jercic, M.; Jimenez Bustamante, R. T.; Jones, P. G.; Jusko, A.; Kalinak, P.; Kalweit, A.; Kang, J. H.; Kaplin, V.; Kar, S.; Karasu Uysal, A.; Karavichev, O.; Karavicheva, T.; Karayan, L.; Karczmarczyk, P.; Karpechev, E.; Kebschull, U.; Keidel, R.; Keijdener, D. L. D.; Keil, M.; Ketzer, B.; Khabanova, Z.; Khan, P.; Khan, S. A.; Khanzadeev, A.; Kharlov, Y.; Khatun, A.; Khuntia, A.; Kielbowicz, M. M.; Kileng, B.; Kim, B.; Kim, D.; Kim, D. J.; Kim, H.; Kim, J. S.; Kim, J.; Kim, M.; Kim, S.; Kim, T.; Kirsch, S.; Kisel, I.; Kiselev, S.; Kisiel, A.; Kiss, G.; Klay, J. L.; Klein, C.; Klein, J.; Klein-Bösing, C.; Klewin, S.; Kluge, A.; Knichel, M. L.; Knospe, A. G.; Kobdaj, C.; Kofarago, M.; Köhler, M. K.; Kollegger, T.; Kondratiev, V.; Kondratyeva, N.; Kondratyuk, E.; Konevskikh, A.; Konyushikhin, M.; Kopcik, M.; Kour, M.; Kouzinopoulos, C.; Kovalenko, O.; Kovalenko, V.; Kowalski, M.; Koyithatta Meethaleveedu, G.; Králik, I.; Kravčáková, A.; Kreis, L.; Krivda, M.; Krizek, F.; Kryshen, E.; Krzewicki, M.; Kubera, A. M.; Kučera, V.; Kuhn, C.; Kuijer, P. G.; Kumar, A.; Kumar, J.; Kumar, L.; Kumar, S.; Kundu, S.; Kurashvili, P.; Kurepin, A.; Kurepin, A. B.; Kuryakin, A.; Kushpil, S.; Kweon, M. J.; Kwon, Y.; La Pointe, S. L.; La Rocca, P.; Lagana Fernandes, C.; Lai, Y. S.; Lakomov, I.; Langoy, R.; Lapidus, K.; Lara, C.; Lardeux, A.; Lattuca, A.; Laudi, E.; Lavicka, R.; Lea, R.; Leardini, L.; Lee, S.; Lehas, F.; Lehner, S.; Lehrbach, J.; Lemmon, R. C.; Leogrande, E.; León Monzón, I.; Lévai, P.; Li, X.; Lien, J.; Lietava, R.; Lim, B.; Lindal, S.; Lindenstruth, V.; Lindsay, S. W.; Lippmann, C.; Lisa, M. A.; Litichevskyi, V.; Llope, W. J.; Lodato, D. F.; Loenne, P. I.; Loginov, V.; Loizides, C.; Loncar, P.; Lopez, X.; López Torres, E.; Lowe, A.; Luettig, P.; Luhder, J. R.; Lunardon, M.; Luparello, G.; Lupi, M.; Lutz, T. H.; Maevskaya, A.; Mager, M.; Mahmood, S. M.; Maire, A.; Majka, R. D.; Malaev, M.; Malinina, L.; Mal'Kevich, D.; Malzacher, P.; Mamonov, A.; Manko, V.; Manso, F.; Manzari, V.; Mao, Y.; Marchisone, M.; Mareš, J.; Margagliotti, G. V.; Margotti, A.; Margutti, J.; Marín, A.; Markert, C.; Marquard, M.; Martin, N. A.; Martinengo, P.; Martinez, J. A. L.; Martínez, M. I.; Martínez García, G.; Martinez Pedreira, M.; Masciocchi, S.; Masera, M.; Masoni, A.; Masson, E.; Mastroserio, A.; Mathis, A. M.; Matuoka, P. F. T.; Matyja, A.; Mayer, C.; Mazer, J.; Mazzilli, M.; Mazzoni, M. A.; Meddi, F.; Melikyan, Y.; Menchaca-Rocha, A.; Meninno, E.; Mercado Pérez, J.; Meres, M.; Mhlanga, S.; Miake, Y.; Mieskolainen, M. M.; Mihaylov, D. L.; Mikhaylov, K.; Mischke, A.; Mishra, A. N.; Miśkowiec, D.; Mitra, J.; Mitu, C. M.; Mohammadi, N.; Mohanty, A. P.; Mohanty, B.; Mohisin Khan, M.; Montes, E.; Moreira de Godoy, D. A.; Moreno, L. A. P.; Moretto, S.; Morreale, A.; Morsch, A.; Muccifora, V.; Mudnic, E.; Mühlheim, D.; Muhuri, S.; Mulligan, J. D.; Munhoz, M. G.; Münning, K.; Munzer, R. H.; Murakami, H.; Murray, S.; Musa, L.; Musinsky, J.; Myers, C. J.; Myrcha, J. W.; Nag, D.; Naik, B.; Nair, R.; Nandi, B. K.; Nania, R.; Nappi, E.; Narayan, A.; Naru, M. U.; Natal da Luz, H.; Nattrass, C.; Navarro, S. R.; Nayak, K.; Nayak, R.; Nayak, T. K.; Nazarenko, S.; Negrao de Oliveira, R. A.; Nellen, L.; Nesbo, S. V.; Ng, F.; Nicassio, M.; Niculescu, M.; Niedziela, J.; Nielsen, B. S.; Nikolaev, S.; Nikulin, S.; Nikulin, V.; Noferini, F.; Nomokonov, P.; Nooren, G.; Noris, J. C. C.; Norman, J.; Nyanin, A.; Nystrand, J.; Oeschler, H.; Oh, H.; Ohlson, A.; Okubo, T.; Olah, L.; Oleniacz, J.; Oliveira da Silva, A. C.; Oliver, M. H.; Onderwaater, J.; Oppedisano, C.; Orava, R.; Oravec, M.; Ortiz Velasquez, A.; Oskarsson, A.; Otwinowski, J.; Oyama, K.; Pachmayer, Y.; Pacik, V.; Pagano, D.; Paić, G.; Palni, P.; Pan, J.; Pandey, A. K.; Panebianco, S.; Papikyan, V.; Pareek, P.; Park, J.; Parmar, S.; Passfeld, A.; Pathak, S. P.; Patra, R. N.; Paul, B.; Pei, H.; Peitzmann, T.; Peng, X.; Pereira, L. G.; Pereira da Costa, H.; Peresunko, D.; Perez Lezama, E.; Peskov, V.; Pestov, Y.; Petráček, V.; Petrov, V.; Petrovici, M.; Petta, C.; Pezzi, R. P.; Piano, S.; Pikna, M.; Pillot, P.; Pimentel, L. O. D. L.; Pinazza, O.; Pinsky, L.; Piyarathna, D. B.; Płoskoń, M.; Planinic, M.; Pliquett, F.; Pluta, J.; Pochybova, S.; Podesta-Lerma, P. L. M.; Poghosyan, M. G.; Polichtchouk, B.; Poljak, N.; Poonsawat, W.; Pop, A.; Poppenborg, H.; Porteboeuf-Houssais, S.; Pozdniakov, V.; Prasad, S. K.; Preghenella, R.; Prino, F.; Pruneau, C. A.; Pshenichnov, I.; Puccio, M.; Punin, V.; Putschke, J.; Raha, S.; Rajput, S.; Rak, J.; Rakotozafindrabe, A.; Ramello, L.; Rami, F.; Rana, D. B.; Raniwala, R.; Raniwala, S.; Räsänen, S. S.; Rascanu, B. T.; Rathee, D.; Ratza, V.; Ravasenga, I.; Read, K. F.; Redlich, K.; Rehman, A.; Reichelt, P.; Reidt, F.; Ren, X.; Renfordt, R.; Reshetin, A.; Reygers, K.; Riabov, V.; Richert, T.; Richter, M.; Riedler, P.; Riegler, W.; Riggi, F.; Ristea, C.; Rodríguez Cahuantzi, M.; Røed, K.; Rogochaya, E.; Rohr, D.; Röhrich, D.; Rokita, P. S.; Ronchetti, F.; Rosas, E. D.; Rosnet, P.; Rossi, A.; Rotondi, A.; Roukoutakis, F.; Roy, C.; Roy, P.; Rubio Montero, A. J.; Rueda, O. V.; Rui, R.; Rumyantsev, B.; Rustamov, A.; Ryabinkin, E.; Ryabov, Y.; Rybicki, A.; Saarinen, S.; Sadhu, S.; Sadovsky, S.; Šafařík, K.; Saha, S. K.; Sahlmuller, B.; Sahoo, B.; Sahoo, P.; Sahoo, R.; Sahoo, S.; Sahu, P. K.; Saini, J.; Sakai, S.; Saleh, M. A.; Salzwedel, J.; Sambyal, S.; Samsonov, V.; Sandoval, A.; Sarkar, A.; Sarkar, D.; Sarkar, N.; Sarma, P.; Sas, M. H. P.; Scapparone, E.; Scarlassara, F.; Schaefer, B.; Scheid, H. S.; Schiaua, C.; Schicker, R.; Schmidt, C.; Schmidt, H. R.; Schmidt, M. O.; Schmidt, M.; Schmidt, N. V.; Schukraft, J.; Schutz, Y.; Schwarz, K.; Schweda, K.; Scioli, G.; Scomparin, E.; Šefčík, M.; Seger, J. E.; Sekiguchi, Y.; Sekihata, D.; Selyuzhenkov, I.; Senosi, K.; Senyukov, S.; Serradilla, E.; Sett, P.; Sevcenco, A.; Shabanov, A.; Shabetai, A.; Shahoyan, R.; Shaikh, W.; Shangaraev, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, A.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, M.; Sharma, N.; Sheikh, A. I.; Shigaki, K.; Shirinkin, S.; Shou, Q.; Shtejer, K.; Sibiriak, Y.; Siddhanta, S.; Sielewicz, K. M.; Siemiarczuk, T.; Silaeva, S.; Silvermyr, D.; Simatovic, G.; Simonetti, G.; Singaraju, R.; Singh, R.; Singhal, V.; Sinha, T.; Sitar, B.; Sitta, M.; Skaali, T. B.; Slupecki, M.; Smirnov, N.; Snellings, R. J. M.; Snellman, T. W.; Song, J.; Song, M.; Soramel, F.; Sorensen, S.; Sozzi, F.; Sputowska, I.; Stachel, J.; Stan, I.; Stankus, P.; Stenlund, E.; Stocco, D.; Storetvedt, M. M.; Strmen, P.; Suaide, A. A. P.; Sugitate, T.; Suire, C.; Suleymanov, M.; Suljic, M.; Sultanov, R.; Šumbera, M.; Sumowidagdo, S.; Suzuki, K.; Swain, S.; Szabo, A.; Szarka, I.; Tabassam, U.; Takahashi, J.; Tambave, G. J.; Tanaka, N.; Tarhini, M.; Tariq, M.; Tarzila, M. G.; Tauro, A.; Tejeda Muñoz, G.; Telesca, A.; Terasaki, K.; Terrevoli, C.; Teyssier, B.; Thakur, D.; Thakur, S.; Thomas, D.; Thoresen, F.; Tieulent, R.; Tikhonov, A.; Timmins, A. R.; Toia, A.; Toppi, M.; Torres, S. R.; Tripathy, S.; Trogolo, S.; Trombetta, G.; Tropp, L.; Trubnikov, V.; Trzaska, W. H.; Trzeciak, B. A.; Tsuji, T.; Tumkin, A.; Turrisi, R.; Tveter, T. S.; Ullaland, K.; Umaka, E. N.; Uras, A.; Usai, G. L.; Utrobicic, A.; Vala, M.; van der Maarel, J.; van Hoorne, J. W.; van Leeuwen, M.; Vanat, T.; Vande Vyvre, P.; Varga, D.; Vargas, A.; Vargyas, M.; Varma, R.; Vasileiou, M.; Vasiliev, A.; Vauthier, A.; Vázquez Doce, O.; Vechernin, V.; Veen, A. M.; Velure, A.; Vercellin, E.; Vergara Limón, S.; Vernet, R.; Vértesi, R.; Vickovic, L.; Vigolo, S.; Viinikainen, J.; Vilakazi, Z.; Villalobos Baillie, O.; Villatoro Tello, A.; Vinogradov, A.; Vinogradov, L.; Virgili, T.; Vislavicius, V.; Vodopyanov, A.; Völkl, M. A.; Voloshin, K.; Voloshin, S. A.; Volpe, G.; von Haller, B.; Vorobyev, I.; Voscek, D.; Vranic, D.; Vrláková, J.; Wagner, B.; Wang, H.; Wang, M.; Watanabe, D.; Watanabe, Y.; Weber, M.; Weber, S. G.; Weiser, D. F.; Wenzel, S. C.; Wessels, J. P.; Westerhoff, U.; Whitehead, A. M.; Wiechula, J.; Wikne, J.; Wilk, G.; Wilkinson, J.; Willems, G. A.; Williams, M. C. S.; Willsher, E.; Windelband, B.; Witt, W. E.; Xu, R.; Yalcin, S.; Yamakawa, K.; Yang, P.; Yano, S.; Yin, Z.; Yokoyama, H.; Yoo, I.-K.; Yoon, J. H.; Yun, E.; Yurchenko, V.; Zaccolo, V.; Zaman, A.; Zampolli, C.; Zanoli, H. J. C.; Zardoshti, N.; Zarochentsev, A.; Závada, P.; Zaviyalov, N.; Zbroszczyk, H.; Zhalov, M.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, Y.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, Z.; Zhao, C.; Zhigareva, N.; Zhou, D.; Zhou, Y.; Zhou, Z.; Zhu, H.; Zhu, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zichichi, A.; Zimmermann, M. B.; Zinovjev, G.; Zmeskal, J.; Zou, S.; Alice Collaboration

2018-03-01

Results on the production of 4He and He4‾ nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at √{sNN } = 2.76TeV in the rapidity range | y | < 1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN / dy 4He = (0.8 ± 0.4 (stat) ± 0.3 (syst)) ×10-6 and dN / dyHe4‾ = (1.1 ± 0.4 (stat) ± 0.2 (syst)) ×10-6, respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (Tchem = 156MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of He4‾/4 He is 1.4 ± 0.8 (stat) ± 0.5 (syst).

Cold Fusion at Hotspots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Natland, J. H.

2009-12-01

Olivine-liquid FeO-MgO (OLFM) equilibria is often assumed and used to estimate eruptive (To) and melting (potential) temperatures (TP) of primitive magmas and their MgO contents at spreading ridges and linear volcanic chains. The technique involves incremental addition of melt calculated to be in equilibrium with successively more magnesian olivine until an olivine of “mantle” composition is reached. Incremental olivine addition depends on the assumption that that this olivine and the host liquid lie along a single liquid line of descent determined by crystallization of olivine and no other mineral; i.e., the parental liquid was formally picritic in composition. This assumption can be questioned on three grounds, which may vary in importance from place to place, but at least one of which always appears to be operative: 1) most picrites are hybrids between primitive and differentiated magmas, the latter expressing cotectic crystallization of olivine, plagioclase and/or clinopyroxene (e.g., Baffin-West Greenland, Hawaii, Samoa), and have higher Fe/Mg than primitive magma, making estimates of To and TP too high; 2) the rocks themselves contain phenocrysts of plagioclase (e.g., Iceland) and/or clinopyroxene (e.g., Samoa) as well as olivine; 3) not even the most primitive magmas, evidenced by mineral associations in accumulative magmatic xenoliths (dunite, wehrlite, olivine clinopyroxene; many examples) indicate stages of crystallization involving olivine by itself. An alternative approach that uses liquid compositions to estimate compositions of Cr-spinel (Poustovetov and Roeder, 2000) predicts no natural Cr-spinel that crystallized at temperature >1400C or pressure 1.5 GPa either in picrites or xenoliths at any of these localities; no parental liquid had MgO > 16%. Spinel predicted from high-MgO (>20%) parental liquids postulated by OLFM matches nothing in nature. Natural glass in Samoan harzburgite xenoliths is mainly differentiated basalt, hawaiite and mugearite with average melt temperature of ~1100C, the same temperature as given by Ca-in-orthopyroxene of the harzburgites. Cold ambient mantle draws heat from ascending magma, forcing differentiation at depth. Magma with TP greater by 200C than primitive basalt at spreading ridges does not exist at any of these places. TP does not constrain temperature of the mantle below the depth of melt extraction. High and variable 3He/4He at all these places may result from volatile incorporation from old harzburgite through which magmas must ascend. Poustovetov, A., and Roeder, P.L., 2000. Canad. Min. 39: 309-317.

Test program to demonstrate the stability of hydrazine in propellant tanks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moran, C. M.; Bjorklund, R. A.

1983-01-01

A 24-month coupon test program to evaluate the decomposition of propellant tanks is reported. The propellant fuel evaluated was monopropellant-grade hydrazine (N2H4), which is normally a colorless, fuming, corrosive, strongly reducing liquid. The degree of hydrazine decomposition was determined by means of chemical analyses of the liquid and evolved gases at the end of the test program. The experimental rates of hydrazine decomposition were determined to be within acceptable limits. The propellant tank materials and material combinations were not degraded by a 2-year exposure to hydrazine propellant. This was verified using change-of-weight determinations and microscopic examination of the specimen surface before and after exposure, and by posttest chemical analyses of hydrazine liquid for residual metal content.

A novel ultrasonic aerosol generator.

PubMed

Davies, A; Hudson, N; Pirie, L

1995-07-01

An ultrasonic aerosol generator constructed from a domestic humidifier is described which has been used to produce liquid aerosols for physiological investigations. The instrument was constructed from a Pifco domestic humidifier modified to include an energy guide to direct the oscillations of the transducer through the coupling water, which would normally be aerosolized, onto a small membrane based sample chamber containing the liquid to be aerosolized. The size distribution of the aerosol produced was found to be between 2 and 6 mm, optimum for diffuse intrapulmonary deposition. Up to 4 ml/min of aqueous liquid was used; however the sample chamber could be made small enough to contain economic amounts of expensive material to administer by inhalation. The instrument has proved to be reliable over a period of three years.

Detection of Human Epididymis Protein 4 (HE4) in Human Serum Samples Using a Specific Monoclonal Antibody-Based Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).

PubMed

Zhou, Lijun; Lv, Zhiqiang; Shao, Jing; Xu, Ying; Luo, Xiaohong; Zhang, Yuming; Hu, Yang; Zhang, Wenji; Luo, Shuhong; Fang, Jianmin; Wang, Ying; Duan, Chaohui; Huang, Ruopan

2016-09-01

The human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) may have high specificity in the detection of malignant diseases, making the development of an immunoassay for HE4 essential. In our study, a fusion gene was constructed encoded with the HE4 protein. This protein was then produced in the bacterial cells (Escherichia coli) and used to immunize mice in order to eventually generate hybridomas specific to HE4. The hybridoma supernatants were then screened, and four positive anti-HE4 cell lines were selected. These cell lines produce monoclonal antibodies against HE4 epitopes, as demonstrated in the Western blot as well as by direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Using the developed antibodies, we successfully identified several good antibody pairs from the hybridomas, which allowed for the development of a sandwich ELISA to measure HE4 levels. By using the HE4 ELISA, we measured HE4 levels of 60 clinical human serum samples. Compared with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved kit (Roche), our results showed a strong positive correlation to those of the FDA-approved kit. In summary, highly sensitive antibody pairs were screened against HE4, and a sandwich ELISA was developed as an accurate analytical tool for the detection of HE4 in human serum, which could be especially valuable for diagnosing ovarian carcinomas. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Sub-Coulomb He 3 transfer and its use to extract three-particle asymptotic normalization coefficients

DOE PAGES

Avila, M. L.; Baby, L. T.; Belarge, J.; ...

2018-01-22

In this work, data for the 13C( 6Li,t) 16O reaction, obtained in inverse kinematics at a 13C incident energy of 7.72 MeV, are presented. A distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis was used to extract spectroscopic factors and asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the < 16O | 13C + 3He> overlaps, subject to the assumption of a fixed < 6Li | 3He + 3H> overlap. The variation of the extracted spectroscopic factors and ANCs as a function of various inputs to the DWBA calculations was explored. The extracted ANCs were found to vary as a cubic function of the radiusmore » of the potential well binding the transferred 3He to the 13C core while the spectroscopic factors varied as a quartic function of the radius. Finally, the ANC values could be determined to within a factor of two for this system.« less

Does displayed enthusiasm favour recall, intrinsic motivation and time estimation?

PubMed

Moè, Angelica

2016-11-01

Displayed enthusiasm has been shown to relate to intrinsic motivation, vitality, and positive affect, but its effects on recall performance and time estimation have not yet been explored. This research aimed at studying the effects of a delivery style characterised by High Enthusiasm (HE) on recall, time estimation, and intrinsic motivation. In line with previous studies, effects on intrinsic motivation were expected. In addition, higher recall and lower time estimations were hypothesised. In two experiments, participants assigned to a HE condition or to a normal reading control condition listened to a narrative and to a descriptive passage. Then, they were asked to rate perceived time, enthusiasm, pleasure, interest, enjoyment and curiosity, before writing a free recall. Experiment 1 showed that in the HE condition, participants recalled more, were more intrinsically motivated, and expressed lower time estimations compared to the control condition. Experiment 2 confirmed the positive effects of HE reading compared to normal reading, using different passages and a larger sample.

Prolonged spontaneous normocalcaemia in pseudohypoparathyroidism from resorption of soft tissue calcium deposits: a cautionary tale

PubMed Central

Carter, Erin E; Kline, Gregory

2014-01-01

A 42-year-old man diagnosed with pseudohypoparathyroidism and Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy as an infant was lost to follow-up and remained, unmonitored, on calcitriol and calcium for over 20 years. He presented after having an ST-elevation myocardial infarction. In addition to coronary artery calcifications, he was found to have diffuse subcutaneous and joint calcifications. His calcium, phosphate and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels were normal, and given the lack of prior documentation in the diagnosis he was instructed to discontinue calcitriol and calcium until further investigations were completed. Despite stopping the medication, his serum calcium remained normal for over 1 year. It was not until 18 months later, when his soft tissue calcium stores were depleted, that he finally developed symptomatic hypocalcaemia and an elevated PTH. This case not only emphasises the importance of long-term follow-up for patients with pseudohypoparathyroidism, but also highlights the potential complications of long-term, unmonitored, calcitriol use. PMID:24481017

Sub-Coulomb He 3 transfer and its use to extract three-particle asymptotic normalization coefficients

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Avila, M. L.; Baby, L. T.; Belarge, J.

In this work, data for the 13C( 6Li,t) 16O reaction, obtained in inverse kinematics at a 13C incident energy of 7.72 MeV, are presented. A distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis was used to extract spectroscopic factors and asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the < 16O | 13C + 3He> overlaps, subject to the assumption of a fixed < 6Li | 3He + 3H> overlap. The variation of the extracted spectroscopic factors and ANCs as a function of various inputs to the DWBA calculations was explored. The extracted ANCs were found to vary as a cubic function of the radiusmore » of the potential well binding the transferred 3He to the 13C core while the spectroscopic factors varied as a quartic function of the radius. Finally, the ANC values could be determined to within a factor of two for this system.« less

Sub-Coulomb 3He transfer and its use to extract three-particle asymptotic normalization coefficients

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avila, M. L.; Baby, L. T.; Belarge, J.; Keeley, N.; Kemper, K. W.; Koshchiy, E.; Kuchera, A. N.; Rogachev, G. V.; Rusek, K.; Santiago-Gonzalez, D.

2018-01-01

Data for the 13C(6Li,t )16O reaction, obtained in inverse kinematics at a 13C incident energy of 7.72 MeV, are presented. A distorted wave Born approximation (DWBA) analysis was used to extract spectroscopic factors and asymptotic normalization coefficients (ANCs) for the 〈" close="〉6Li∣3He +3H 〉">16O∣13C +3He overlaps, subject to the assumption of a fixed Can Hail and Rain Nucleate Cloud Droplets?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weiss, S.; Prabhakaran, P.; Krekhov, A.; Pumir, A.; Bodenschatz, E.

2017-12-01

We present results from a laboratory scale moist convection experiment composed of a mixture of pressurized sulphur hexafluoride (SF6 - liquid and vapor phase) and helium (He - gas phase) to mimic the wet (saturated water vapor) and dry components (nitrogen, oxygen etc.) of the earth's atmosphere. We operate the experiments close to critical conditions to allow for homogeneous nucleation of sulphur hexafluoride droplets. The liquid SF6 pool is heated from below and the warm SF6 vapor from the liquid-vapor interface rise and condense underneath the cold top plate. We observe the nucleation of microdroplets in the wake of cold drops falling through the SF6-He atmosphere. Using classical nucleation theory, we show that the nucleation is caused by isobaric cooling of SF6 vapor in the wake of the cold drop. Furthermore, we argue that in an atmospheric cloud, falling hail and large cold raindrops may induce heterogeneous nucleation of microdroplets in their wake. We also observe that under appropriate conditions these microdroplets form a stable horizontal layer, thus separating regions of super and sub-critical saturation.

Can hail and rain nucleate cloud droplets?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prabhakaran, Prasanth; Weiss, Stephan; Krekhov, Alexei; Pumir, Alain; Bodenschatz, Eberhard

2017-11-01

We present results from a laboratory scale moist convection experiment composed of a mixture of pressurized sulphur hexafluoride (SF6 - liquid and vapor phase) and helium (He - gas phase) to mimic the wet (saturated water vapor) and dry components (nitrogen, oxygen etc.) of the earth's atmosphere. We operate the experiments close to critical conditions to allow for homogeneous nucleation of sulphur hexafluoride droplets. The liquid SF6 pool is heated from below and the warm SF6 vapor from the liquid-vapor interface rise and condense underneath the cold top plate. We observe the nucleation of microdroplets in the wake of cold drops falling through the SF6-He atmosphere. Using classical nucleation theory, we show that the nucleation is caused by isobaric cooling of SF6 vapor in the wake of the cold drop. Furthermore, we argue that in an atmospheric cloud, falling hail and large cold raindrops may induce heterogeneous nucleation of microdroplets in their wake. We also observe that under appropriate conditions these microdroplets form a stable horizontal layer, thus separating regions of super and sub-critical saturation.

Measuring Rock-Fluid Adhesion Directly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tadmor, R.

2017-12-01

We show how to measure directly solid-liquid adhesion. We consider the normal adhesion, the work adhesion, and the lateral adhesion. The technique at the center of the method is Centrifugal Adhesion Balance (CAB) which allows coordinated manipulation of normal and lateral forces. For example: 1. It allows to induce an increase in the normal force which pulls on a liquid drop while keeping zero lateral force. This method mimics a drop that is subjected to a gravitational force that is gradually increasing. 2. It allows to increase the lateral force at zero normal force, mimicking zero gravity. From this one can obtain additional solid-liquid interaction parameters. When performing work of adhesion measurements, the values obtained are independent of drop size and are in agreement with theoretical predictions.

Determination of VIT 45 (IND#63,243 - American Regent) removal by closed loop in vitro hemodialysis system.

PubMed

Manley, H J; McClaran, M L

2006-11-01

Intravenous iron is typically administered during the hemodialysis (HD) procedure. The extent of VIT 45, a novel intravenous iron formulation, removal by high-flux (HF) or high-efficiency (HE) dialysis membranes at various ultrafiltration rates (UFR) is unknown. An in vitro HD system was constructed to determine the dialyzability of iron from a normal saline compartment (NSC) containing 1000 mg iron of VIT 45. The in vitro system utilized a 6-L closed-loop SBS system that was subject to 4 different HD conditions conducted over 4 hours: HE membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HE membrane + 500 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 0 ml/h UFR; HF membrane + 500 ml/h UFR. Blood flow and dialysate flow rates were 500 ml/min and 800 ml/min, respectively. The dialysate compartment was a 6-L closed-loop system. A volumetric HD machine controlled all blood, dialysate, and ultrafiltration rates. NSC and dialysate compartment samples were taken at various time points and iron elimination rate (khd) and HD clearance (Clhd) was determined. Iron removal from the NSC > 15% was considered clinically significant. The percent removal of iron from the NSC was < 0.5% at all time points in the study. Dialysate recovery of iron was negligible: 1.7-5.1 mg. VIT 45 removal elimination rates from NSC were less than -0.001 h(-1) (range -0.0002 +/- 0.0001 to -0.0001 +/- 0.0002 h (-1)) for all study conditions. Dialyzer type or UFR did not effect iron removal. HF or HE dialysis membranes do not remove clinically significant amounts of VIT 45 over a 4-hour in vitro HD session. This effect remained constant even controlling for UFR up to 500 ml/hour. VIT 45 is not dialyzed by HE or HF dialysis membranes irrespective of UFR.

[Gastric emptying of a solid-liquid meal in normal subjects: validity of the labeling (99mTc) of chicken liver by a multipuncture technic].

PubMed

Hostein, J; Capony, P; Busquet, G; Bost, R; Fournet, J

1985-04-01

For gastric emptying studies of a solid-liquid meal by the scintigraphic method, a valid isotope labeling method for each phase of the meal must be obtained. The aim of this study was to validate a simple chicken liver labeling method in normal subjects by multipuncture technic with 99mtechnetium. Labeling according to Meyer's method was chosen as a reference. Simultaneously, a study of the quality of liquid phase labeling by 111indium was done. The labeling process quality for each phase of the meal was assessed: a) in vitro, after incubation of the meal with human gastric juice (n = 12); b) in vivo, after meal ingestion and sequential collection of gastric contents by aspiration (n = 4). Furthermore, in 8 healthy volunteers, gastric emptying curves of the solid and liquid phases of the meal were determined scintigraphically and compared. Our results showed: a) for the solid phase: a good specificity of the marker, which was assessed in vitro and in vivo, after liver labeling with multipuncture technique (89 p. 100 and 92 p. 100 after 180 min, respectively); b) for the liquid phase: a good specificity of the marker in vitro and a poor specificity in vivo (82 p. 100 and 27 p. 100 after 180 min, respectively); c) similar half-gastric emptying times and cumulative percentages for the solid and liquid phases with both liver labeling methods. In conclusion, the multipuncture technique for chicken liver labeling may be used for gastric emptying studies in humans.

Final Technical Report: Vibrational Spectroscopy of Transient Combustion Intermediates Trapped in Helium Nanodroplets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Douberly, Gary Elliott

The objective of our experimental research program is to isolate and stabilize transient intermediates and products of prototype combustion reactions. This will be accomplished by Helium Nanodroplet Isolation, a novel technique where liquid helium droplets freeze out high energy metastable configurations of a reacting system, permitting infrared spectroscopic characterizations of products and intermediates that result from hydrocarbon radical reactions with molecular oxygen and other small molecules relevant to combustion environments. The low temperature (0.4 K) and rapid cooling associated with He droplets provides a perfectly suited medium to isolate and probe a broad range of molecular radical and carbene systemsmore » important to combustion chemistry. The sequential addition of molecular species to He droplets often leads to the stabilization of high-energy, metastable cluster configurations that represent regions of the potential energy surface far from the global minimum. Single and double resonance IR laser spectroscopy techniques, along with Stark and Zeeman capabilities, are being used to probe the structural and dynamical properties of these systems.« less

Critical Casimir forces, Goldstone modes and anomalous wetting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balibar, Sebastien

2004-03-01

We have measured the contact angle of a ^3He - ^4He interface on a sapphire window, near the tricritical temperature Tt of liquid helium mixtures (T. Ueno et al., J. Low Temp. Phys. 130, 543, 2003). We have found the first experimental evidence of a violation of "critical point wetting", the general phenomenon introduced by J.W. Cahn in 1977. We then proposed that Fisher and de Gennes' "critical Casimir effect" provides the necessary long range force for this anomalous wetting behavior to occur (T. Ueno et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 116102, 2003). Our measurements are now extended to the superfluid region far below the tricritical temperature T_t. Our goal is to test the prediction by M. Kardar and R. Golestanian that the confinement of Goldstone modes in superfluid films leads to an additionnal contribution to the Casimir force (M. Kardar and R. Golestanian, Rev. Mod. Phys. 71, 1233, 1999). We compare theoretical predictions to experimental results.

Mantle helium in Sacramento basin natural gas wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poreda, R. J.; Jenden, P. D.; Kaplan, I. R.; Craig, H.

1986-12-01

Helium isotope ratios in Sacramento basin natural gas wells show a strong mantle signal. The3He/4He ratios range from 0.11 times the atmospheric ratio (0.11 RA) in the Rio Vista field to 2.75 RA in the Moon Bend field, indicating that 1% to 34% of the helium is mantle-derived. 3He/4He versus CH4/4He ratios provide evidence of two-component mixing between crustal and magmatic end-members. Extrapolation of the linear regression line to CH4/4He = 0 gives a hypothetical magmatic end-member 3He/4He ratio of 3.84 RA, half the typical mantle ratio. This indicates that the magmatic end-member may actually represent a mixture of mantle and crustal helium. Gases which deviate from the simple two-component mixture can be explained by addition of pure methane, radiogenic 4He, or a high N2-He component with 3He/4He = 0.6 Ra to 1.0 RA. The CH4/3He ratio of the magmatic end-member remains poorly constrained (0 to 3 × 109) and one cannot rule out the possibility that a significant proportion of the methane in some fields may be of deep-earth origin. However, fields with the highest 3He/4He ratios are associated with buried Plio-Pleistocene intrusives which have up-arched sediments to form hydrocarbon traps. The methane in these fields may have been produced by rapid thermal alteration of the intruded sediment. Elsewhere, the methane appears either to have migrated from deeply-buried sediments in the western basin or to have been produced by local microbial activity.

How to Cut Coal Emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Easley, Emily A.

Authored article from the media services team talking about Dave Heldebrant's research with CO2 capture with reversible ionic liquids. The article also provides a look into Dave's personal life and why he became a scientist.

Energy transfer from a pulsed thermal source to He II below 0.3 K.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pfeifer, C. D.; Luszczynski, K.

1973-01-01

Results of measurements of the angular distribution of the energy flux radiated from a pulsed heater immersed in He II at low temperatures (around 230 mK). It is shown that the energy transfer from a pulsed carbon heater at a relatively high temperature to ambient liquid helium maintained at low temperature cannot be adequately described by the phonon-coupling models. The experimental data on the velocity and angular distribution of the energy flux radiated from the plane of the heater indicate that the energy from the heater is transferred to a layer of hot helium adjacent to the surface of the heater and that this layer acts as the effective source of excitations radiated into the ambient liquid helium. The extent and shape of this source depend on the total energy flux produced by the heater.

Measurements of the strong-interaction widths of the kaonic 3He and 4He 2p levels

PubMed Central

Bazzi, M.; Beer, G.; Bombelli, L.; Bragadireanu, A.M.; Cargnelli, M.; Curceanu (Petrascu), C.; dʼUffizi, A.; Fiorini, C.; Frizzi, T.; Ghio, F.; Guaraldo, C.; Hayano, R.S.; Iliescu, M.; Ishiwatari, T.; Iwasaki, M.; Kienle, P.; Levi Sandri, P.; Longoni, A.; Marton, J.; Okada, S.; Pietreanu, D.; Ponta, T.; Rizzo, A.; Romero Vidal, A.; Sbardella, E.; Scordo, A.; Shi, H.; Sirghi, D.L.; Sirghi, F.; Tatsuno, H.; Tudorache, A.; Tudorache, V.; Vazquez Doce, O.; Wünschek, B.; Widmann, E.; Zmeskal, J.

2012-01-01

The kaonic 3He and 4He X-rays emitted in the 3d→2p transitions were measured in the SIDDHARTA experiment. The widths of the kaonic 3He and 4He 2p states were determined to be Γ2p(He3)=6±6(stat.)±7 (syst.) eV, and Γ2p(He4)=14±8 (stat.)±5 (syst.) eV, respectively. Both results are consistent with the theoretical predictions. The width of kaonic 4He is much smaller than the value of 55±34 eV determined by the experiments performed in the 70ʼs and 80ʼs, while the width of kaonic 3He was determined for the first time. PMID:22876000

Despin System for Hydrogen Tank in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory

NASA Image and Video Library

1962-04-21

Mechanic Howard Wine inspects the setup of a spin isolator in Cell 2 of the Propulsion Systems Laboratory at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lewis Research Center. Photographer Al Jecko filmed the proceedings. This test was unique in that the chamber’s altitude system was used, but not its inlet air flow. The test was in preparation for an upcoming launch of modified liquid hydrogen propellant tank on a sounding rocket. This Weightlessness Analysis Sounding Probe (WASP) was part of Lewis investigation into methods for controlling partially filled liquid hydrogen fuel tanks during flight. Second-stage rockets, the Centaur in particular, were designed to stop their engines and coast, then restart them when needed. During this coast period, the propellant often shifted inside the tank. This movement could throw the rocket off course or result in the sloshing of fuel away from the fuel pump. Wine was one of only three journeymen mechanics at Lewis when he was hired in January 1954. He spent his first decade in the Propulsion Systems Laboratory and was soon named a section head. Wine went on to serve as Assistant Division Chief and later served as an assistant to the director. Jecko joined the center in 1947 as a photographer and artist. He studied at the Cleveland School or Art and was known for his cartoon drawing. He worked at the center for 26 years.

Broad Energy Range Neutron Spectroscopy using a Liquid Scintillator and a Proportional Counter: Application to a Neutron Spectrum Similar to that from an Improvised Nuclear Device

PubMed Central

Randers-Pehrson, Gerhard; Marino, Stephen A.; Garty, Guy; Harken, Andrew; Brenner, David J.

2015-01-01

A novel neutron irradiation facility at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) has been developed to mimic the neutron radiation from an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) at relevant distances (e.g. 1.5 km) from the epicenter. The neutron spectrum of this IND-like neutron irradiator was designed according to estimations of the Hiroshima neutron spectrum at 1.5 km. It is significantly different from a standard reactor fission spectrum, because the spectrum changes as the neutrons are transported through air, and it is dominated by neutron energies from 100 keV up to 9 MeV. To verify such wide energy range neutron spectrum, detailed here is the development of a combined spectroscopy system. Both a liquid scintillator detector and a gas proportional counter were used for the recoil spectra measurements, with the individual response functions estimated from a series of Monte Carlo simulations. These normalized individual response functions were formed into a single response matrix for the unfolding process. Several accelerator-based quasi-monoenergetic neutron source spectra were measured and unfolded to test this spectroscopy system. These reference neutrons were produced from two reactions: T(p,n)3He and D(d,n)3He, generating neutron energies in the range between 0.2 and 8 MeV. The unfolded quasi-monoenergetic neutron spectra indicated that the detection system can provide good neutron spectroscopy results in this energy range. A broad-energy neutron spectrum from the 9Be(d,n) reaction using a 5 MeV deuteron beam, measured at 60 degrees to the incident beam was measured and unfolded with the evaluated response matrix. The unfolded broad neutron spectrum is comparable with published time-of-flight results. Finally, the pair of detectors were used to measure the neutron spectrum generated at the RARAF IND-like neutron facility and a comparison is made to the neutron spectrum of Hiroshima. PMID:26273118

Broad Energy Range Neutron Spectroscopy using a Liquid Scintillator and a Proportional Counter: Application to a Neutron Spectrum Similar to that from an Improvised Nuclear Device.

PubMed

Xu, Yanping; Randers-Pehrson, Gerhard; Marino, Stephen A; Garty, Guy; Harken, Andrew; Brenner, David J

2015-09-11

A novel neutron irradiation facility at the Radiological Research Accelerator Facility (RARAF) has been developed to mimic the neutron radiation from an Improvised Nuclear Device (IND) at relevant distances (e.g. 1.5 km) from the epicenter. The neutron spectrum of this IND-like neutron irradiator was designed according to estimations of the Hiroshima neutron spectrum at 1.5 km. It is significantly different from a standard reactor fission spectrum, because the spectrum changes as the neutrons are transported through air, and it is dominated by neutron energies from 100 keV up to 9 MeV. To verify such wide energy range neutron spectrum, detailed here is the development of a combined spectroscopy system. Both a liquid scintillator detector and a gas proportional counter were used for the recoil spectra measurements, with the individual response functions estimated from a series of Monte Carlo simulations. These normalized individual response functions were formed into a single response matrix for the unfolding process. Several accelerator-based quasi-monoenergetic neutron source spectra were measured and unfolded to test this spectroscopy system. These reference neutrons were produced from two reactions: T(p,n) 3 He and D(d,n) 3 He, generating neutron energies in the range between 0.2 and 8 MeV. The unfolded quasi-monoenergetic neutron spectra indicated that the detection system can provide good neutron spectroscopy results in this energy range. A broad-energy neutron spectrum from the 9 Be(d,n) reaction using a 5 MeV deuteron beam, measured at 60 degrees to the incident beam was measured and unfolded with the evaluated response matrix. The unfolded broad neutron spectrum is comparable with published time-of-flight results. Finally, the pair of detectors were used to measure the neutron spectrum generated at the RARAF IND-like neutron facility and a comparison is made to the neutron spectrum of Hiroshima.

Titanium Isotopes Link the High 3He/4He Reservoir to Continent Formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millet, M. A.; Jackson, M. G.; Dauphas, N.; Burton, K. W.; Williams, H. M.; Kurz, M. D.; Doucelance, R.; Smithies, H.; Champion, D. C.; Nowell, G. M.

2016-12-01

Elevated 3He/4He ratios found in ocean island basalts (OIB) argue for the survival of an early-formed reservoir (>4.5 Ga) in the Earth's mantle [1]. However, its nature remains debated. A characteristic of high 3He/4He OIBs is their anomalous enrichment in Ti abundance relative to elements of similar incompatibility (Sm and Tb). Here we use a new geochemical tool, the stable isotopes of Titanium, to investigate the origin of Ti enrichment of high 3He/4He OIBs. Recent work [2] has shown that Ti isotopes are a powerful tracer of oxide-melt equilibrium in magmatic systems. Results show that primitive OIB samples from localities associated with low 3He/4He ratios (≤15 R/Ra) have δ49Ti values within error of the mantle (δ49Ti=0.005±0.005 [2]) and chondrite values (+0.004±0.010 [3]) regardless of their Ti anomaly (0.93He/4He ratios (>25R/Ra) display δ49Ti values ranging from mantle-like to enriched in light isotopes (up to -0.065‰±0.005) that are negatively correlated with their Ti/Ti* and uncorrelated to indices of magma differentiation. This indicates that i) elevated Ti/Ti* in high 3He/4He OIBs is a mantle source signature and ii) that the high 3He/4He reservoir is enriched in light isotopes of Ti relative to the BSE. This enrichment in light isotopes is balanced by the heavy δ49Ti values and negative Ti/Ti* of Archean Tonalite-Throndhjemite-Granodiorite samples (TTG) from the Pilbara and Yilgarn Craton (+0.20<δ49Ti<+0.40), a proxy for early-formed, juvenile continental crust. Given the chondritic composition of the Earth's mantle and the inability of the typical mantle lithologies to fractionate Ti isotopes, this implies that the Ti enrichment of the high 3He/4He mantle reservoir is linked to the recycling of residues of partial melting events in the presence of rutile (TiO2), a process that drove continent formation in the Archean and possibly earlier. In addition, since these residues cannot display elevated 3He/4He ratios, it requires the Ti-He signature of the high 3He/4He reservoir is due to recycling of entire slab packages. [1] Rizo et al., Science, 2016 [2] Millet et al., EPSL, 2016 [3] Greber et al., LPSC, 2016

Improvement in psoriasis with rosiglitazone in a diabetic and a nondiabetic patient.

PubMed

Pershadsingh, Harrihar A; Benson, Steven C; Ellis, Charles N

2005-01-01

The authors conducted a prospective, open-label, pilot trial of the effects of the antidiabetic thiazolidinedione (TZD) rosiglitazone in two patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Case 1: A lean, euglycemic 43-year-old nondiabetic man with a 2-year history of plaque psoriasis presented with lesions involving 10% of his body surface (Figures 1A, 1B, 1C). He had no other chronic or acute medical problems. He had previously been managed sporadically with topical triamcinolone acetonide, an intermediate-strength glucocorticoid, and was off antipsoriatic medication for 5 months. He was started on rosiglitazone p.o., 8 mg q.d. After 10 weeks on rosiglitazone, the lesions developed increased erythema, spreading, and shedding of scale (Figures 2A, 2B, 2C). After an additional 26 weeks, the lesions had largely disappeared (Figures 3A, 3B, 3C). The patient remained euglycemic throughout the study. His liver function enzymes (alanine transferase [ALT] and aspartate transferase [AST]) remained normal throughout the study: ALT, 23 IU/L; AST, 47 IU/L before treatment; ALT, 25 IU/L; AST, 33 IU/L after treatment. There were no adverse events. Case 2: An overweight 68-year-old woman (body mass index, 29 kg/m2; with a 12-year history of type 2 diabetes and 5-year history of psoriasis presented with generalized plaque psoriasis over 20% of her body, including two large, thick, silvery plaques with the texture of leather over the lower part of the back (Figure 4A). She was given rosiglitazone p.o., 4 mg b.i.d. for 24 weeks, which resulted in significant improvement in psoriasis (Figure 4B). After an additional 26 weeks on rosiglitazone, the plaques had cleared on her back (Figure 4C) and over her entire body, including scalp, ears, and posterior forearms (not shown). Her glycemic control improved (hemoglobin A1c decreased from 7.7% to 7.2%) and liver function remained normal throughout the study (ALT, 24 IU/L; AST, 14 IU/L before treatment; and ALT, 26 IU/L; AST, 15 IU/L after treatment). There were no adverse events.

^4He experiments near T_λ with a heat current and reduced gravity in a low-gravity simulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuanming; Larson, Melora; Israelsson, Ulf

1998-03-01

Conventional ground-based helium experiments experience limitations due to a variation of the superfluid transition temperature (T_λ) caused by the gravity-induced hydrostatic pressure in a ^4He sample cell. A low-gravity simulator consisting a high field superconducting magnet has been built in our laboratory and the preliminary measurements demonstrated a reduction of gravity in the sample cell. (Melora Larson, Feng-Chuan Liu, and Ulf Israelsson, Czech. J. of Phys. 46, 179 (1996).) We report our latest improvements on the simulator and measurements with a new sample cell which had copper end plates, Vepsel sidewalls, and sidewall probes. The measurements showed that gravity can be canceled with a field-field gradient product of 20.7 T^2/cm (or B=15.5 Tesla), in excellent agreement with the theoretical prediction. The measurements also revealed that the boundary resistance between the thermometers and liquid helium increased from 1.6 cm^2 K/W at zero field to 2.0 cm^2 K/W at B=13.8 Tesla. The preliminary dynamic measurements near T_λ with a heat current and reduced gravity will also be presented. This research was supported by NASA.

A Phenolic Extract Obtained from Methyl Jasmonate-Treated Strawberries Enhances Apoptosis in a Human Cervical Cancer Cell Line.

PubMed

Spagnuolo, Carmela; Flores, Gema; Russo, Gian Luigi; Ruiz Del Castillo, Maria Luisa

2016-10-01

In the present study, we evaluated the effect of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on strawberry phenolic composition. Strawberry extracts contain a mixture of phenolic compounds possessing several biological properties. We demonstrated that these extracts were more effective in inducing apoptosis in HeLa cells compared to phenolic preparations derived from untreated strawberries. Treatment of strawberries with 0.5% MeJA resulted in increased polyphenols content (from 7.4 to 8.6 mM quercetin equivalents) and antioxidant properties (from 3.9 to 4.6 mM quercetin equivalents). The identification and quantification of phenolic compounds by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the strawberry extracts showed that cyanidin glucoside, pelargonidin glucoside, and ellagic glucoside acid were significantly higher in strawberries treated with MeJA. Phenolic extracts from MeJA-treated strawberries significantly decreased the cell viability in HeLa cells, compared to extracts derived from untreated fruits. We hypothesized that the enhanced apoptotic activity of MeJA-treated strawberries was due to a synergistic or additive effect of different phenolic compounds present in the extract, rather than the activity of a single molecule.

A Cryogenic Detector Characterization Facility in the Shallow Underground Laboratory at the Technical University of Munich

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Langenkämper, A.; Defay, X.; Ferreiro Iachellini, N.; Kinast, A.; Lanfranchi, J.-C.; Lindner, E.; Mancuso, M.; Mondragón, E.; Münster, A.; Ortmann, T.; Potzel, W.; Schönert, S.; Strauss, R.; Ulrich, A.; Wawoczny, S.; Willers, M.

2018-04-01

The Physics Department of the Technical University of Munich operates a shallow underground detector laboratory in Garching, Germany. It provides ˜ 160 {m^2} of laboratory space which is shielded from cosmic radiation by ˜ 6 m of gravel and soil, corresponding to a shielding of ˜ 15 {m.w.e.} . The laboratory also houses a cleanroom equipped with work- and wetbenches, a chemical fumehood as well as a spin-coater and a mask-aligner for photolithographic processing of semiconductor detectors. Furthermore, the shallow underground laboratory runs two high-purity germanium detector screening stations, a liquid argon cryostat and a ^3 He-^4 He dilution refrigerator with a base temperature of ≤ 12-14 mK . The infrastructure provided by the shallow laboratory is particularly relevant for the characterization of CaWO_4 target crystals for the CRESST-III experiment, detector fabrication and assembly for rare event searches. Future applications of the laboratory include detector development in the framework of coherent neutrino nucleus scattering experiments (ν -cleus) and studying its potential as a site to search for MeV-scale dark matter with gram-scale cryogenic detectors.

Helium-3 and helium-4 acceleration by high power laser pulses for hadron therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bulanov, S. S.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.

The laser driven acceleration of ions is considered a promising candidate for an ion source for hadron therapy of oncological diseases. Though proton and carbon ion sources are conventionally used for therapy, other light ions can also be utilized. Whereas carbon ions require 400 MeV per nucleon to reach the same penetration depth as 250 MeV protons, helium ions require only 250 MeV per nucleon, which is the lowest energy per nucleon among the light ions (heavier than protons). This fact along with the larger biological damage to cancer cells achieved by helium ions, than that by protons, makes thismore » species an interesting candidate for the laser driven ion source. Two mechanisms (magnetic vortex acceleration and hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration) of PW-class laser driven ion acceleration from liquid and gaseous helium targets are studied with the goal of producing 250 MeV per nucleon helium ion beams that meet the hadron therapy requirements. We show that He3 ions, having almost the same penetration depth as He4 with the same energy per nucleon, require less laser power to be accelerated to the required energy for the hadron therapy.« less

Helium-3 and helium-4 acceleration by high power laser pulses for hadron therapy

DOE PAGES

Bulanov, S. S.; Esarey, E.; Schroeder, C. B.; ...

2015-06-24

The laser driven acceleration of ions is considered a promising candidate for an ion source for hadron therapy of oncological diseases. Though proton and carbon ion sources are conventionally used for therapy, other light ions can also be utilized. Whereas carbon ions require 400 MeV per nucleon to reach the same penetration depth as 250 MeV protons, helium ions require only 250 MeV per nucleon, which is the lowest energy per nucleon among the light ions (heavier than protons). This fact along with the larger biological damage to cancer cells achieved by helium ions, than that by protons, makes thismore » species an interesting candidate for the laser driven ion source. Two mechanisms (magnetic vortex acceleration and hole-boring radiation pressure acceleration) of PW-class laser driven ion acceleration from liquid and gaseous helium targets are studied with the goal of producing 250 MeV per nucleon helium ion beams that meet the hadron therapy requirements. We show that He3 ions, having almost the same penetration depth as He4 with the same energy per nucleon, require less laser power to be accelerated to the required energy for the hadron therapy.« less