Sample records for normative statements applicable
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Integrated empirical ethics: loss of normativity?
van der Scheer, Lieke; Widdershoven, Guy
2004-01-01
An important discussion in contemporary ethics concerns the relevance of empirical research for ethics. Specifically, two crucial questions pertain, respectively, to the possibility of inferring normative statements from descriptive statements, and to the danger of a loss of normativity if normative statements should be based on empirical research. Here we take part in the debate and defend integrated empirical ethical research: research in which normative guidelines are established on the basis of empirical research and in which the guidelines are empirically evaluated by focusing on observable consequences. We argue that in our concrete example normative statements are not derived from descriptive statements, but are developed within a process of reflection and dialogue that goes on within a specific praxis. Moreover, we show that the distinction in experience between the desirable and the undesirable precludes relativism. The normative guidelines so developed are both critical and normative: they help in choosing the right action and in evaluating that action. Finally, following Aristotle, we plead for a return to the view that morality and ethics are inherently related to one another, and for an acknowledgment of the fact that moral judgments have their origin in experience which is always related to historical and cultural circumstances.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lotz-Sisikta, Heila; Schudel, Ingrid
2007-01-01
This article examines the practical adequacy of the recent defining of a normative framework for the South African National Curriculum Statement that focuses on the relationship between human rights, social justice and a healthy environment. This politically framed and socially critical normative framework has developed in response to…
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Soer, Remko; Reneman, Michiel F; Frings-Dresen, Monique H W; Kuijer, P Paul; Kuijer, P Paul F M
2014-12-01
Application of normative values for functional capacity evaluation (FCE) is controversial for the assessment of clients for work ability. The objective of this study was to study when clinicians and researchers consider normative values of FCE useful or of no use for their purposes. A focus group meeting was organized among 43 FCE experts working in insurance, occupational and/or rehabilitation medicine from eight countries during the first international FCE research meeting on October 25th, 2012 in the Netherlands. Participants were asked to rate to which degree they agree or disagree with a statement concerning their position toward normative values for FCE on a 10 cm VAS ranging from 0 (completely disagree) to 100 (completely agree) at T0 and T1. Arguments for aspects that are useful and of no use for normative values were systematically collected during the meeting and afterwards independently clustered by two researchers in higher order topics. Baseline opinion of participants on their position toward normative values was 49 ± 29 points. After the meeting, mean VAS was 55 ± 23 (p = 0.07), indicating that participants did not significantly change their opinion toward normative values. Based on arguments provided by the experts, seven higher order topics were constructed namely 'Comparison with job demands or treatment goals'; 'Comparison with co-workers physical ability'; 'Sincerity of effort'; 'Validity for work ability and return to work'; 'Experience of referrer with assessment method'; 'Clinimetrics compared to alternative assessment methods or reference values'; and 'Ease of use for clinician and stakeholders'. Although experts state useful aspects for the use of normative values of FCE for these assessments, it may also lead to over-interpretation of results, leading to dualistic statements concerning work ability, with potential harmful consequences for work ability of patients.
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Popper's Fact-Standard Dualism Contra "Value Free" Social Science.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eidlin, Fred H.
1983-01-01
Noncognitivism, the belief that normative statements (unlike empirical statements) do not convey objective knowledge is contrasted to Karl Popper's "critical dualism," which maintains that science is imbued with values and value judgments. Noncognitivism impedes the development of a social scientific method which would integrate…
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Poirier, N
2000-01-01
Why do most physicians have so much difficulty respecting the wishes of their terminally ill patients who refuse treatment? The normative pluralism model is introduced to answer this question. Comparative content analysis serves as the theoretical framework for evaluating the Canadian Medical Association Joint Statement on Resuscitative Interventions against the corresponding administrative policies of New Brunswick hospital corporations and relevant New Brunswick law. Despite protection afforded patients by law, fully 75% of New Brunswick hospital corporations' administrative policies permit physicians to ignore patients' expressed objection to treatments. The futility-of-treatment criteria in the CMA joint statement and in all provincial hospital corporations' policies authorize physicians to substitute their judgment for patients' expressed refusal of CPR. The author concludes that when medical professional norms conflict with the law, physicians tend to follow their professional normative order.
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Söderlund, Therese; Madison, Guy
2017-01-01
Gender studies (GS) has been challenged on epistemological grounds. Here, we compare samples of peer-reviewed academic journal publications written by GS authors and authors from closely related disciplines in the social sciences. The material consisted of 2805 statements from 36 peer-reviewed journal articles, sampled from the Swedish Gender Studies List, which covers >12,000 publications. Each statement was coded as expressing a lack of any of three aspects of objectivity: Bias, Normativity, or Political activism, or as considering any of four realms of explanation for the behaviours or phenomena under study: Biology/genetics, Individual/group differences, Environment/culture, or Societal institutions. Statements in GS publications did to a greater extent express bias and normativity, but not political activism. They did also to a greater extent consider cultural, environmental, social, and societal realms of explanation, and to a lesser extent biological and individual differences explanations.
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Empirical analysis of knowledge bases to support structured output in the Arden syntax.
Jenders, Robert A
2013-01-01
Structured output has been suggested for the Arden Syntax to facilitate interoperability. Tabulate the components of WRITE statements in a corpus of medical logic modules (MLMs)in order to validate requiring structured output. WRITE statements were tabulated in 258 MLMs from 2 organizations. In a total of 351 WRITE statements, email destinations (226) predominated, and 39 orders and 40 coded output elements also were tabulated. Free-text strings predominated as the message data. Arden WRITE statements contain considerable potentially structured data now included as free text. A future, normative structured WRITE statement must address a variety of data types and destinations.
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Understanding Alcohol Use among U.S. Cambodians: How Useful Is the Concept of Cultural Norms?
Pagano, Anna; Lee, Juliet P.; Sin, Talaya
2014-01-01
Observed differences in substance use are frequently attributed to cultural norms, which in turn are often interpreted as fixed properties of ethnically defined groups. During a CBPR study (2009–11), US Cambodian women identified community-specific drinking behaviors and beliefs. To test how widely other US Cambodians shared their views, we formulated them into a series of normative statements and surveyed local community members (N=172). We identified few consensed norms, which we argue indicates that A) norms may not be reducible to normative statements; and/or B) norms may not be shared by all group members; and C) if neither A nor B holds, then the attribution of observed drinking patterns to cultural norms lacks internal validity. PMID:24779499
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Salloch, Sabine; Schildmann, Jan; Vollmann, Jochen
2012-04-13
The methodology of medical ethics during the last few decades has shifted from a predominant use of normative-philosophical analyses to an increasing involvement of empirical methods. The articles which have been published in the course of this so-called 'empirical turn' can be divided into conceptual accounts of empirical-normative collaboration and studies which use socio-empirical methods to investigate ethically relevant issues in concrete social contexts. A considered reference to normative research questions can be expected from good quality empirical research in medical ethics. However, a significant proportion of empirical studies currently published in medical ethics lacks such linkage between the empirical research and the normative analysis. In the first part of this paper, we will outline two typical shortcomings of empirical studies in medical ethics with regard to a link between normative questions and empirical data: (1) The complete lack of normative analysis, and (2) cryptonormativity and a missing account with regard to the relationship between 'is' and 'ought' statements. Subsequently, two selected concepts of empirical-normative collaboration will be presented and how these concepts may contribute to improve the linkage between normative and empirical aspects of empirical research in medical ethics will be demonstrated. Based on our analysis, as well as our own practical experience with empirical research in medical ethics, we conclude with a sketch of concrete suggestions for the conduct of empirical research in medical ethics. High quality empirical research in medical ethics is in need of a considered reference to normative analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how conceptual approaches of empirical-normative collaboration can enhance empirical research in medical ethics with regard to the link between empirical research and normative analysis.
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2012-01-01
Background The methodology of medical ethics during the last few decades has shifted from a predominant use of normative-philosophical analyses to an increasing involvement of empirical methods. The articles which have been published in the course of this so-called 'empirical turn' can be divided into conceptual accounts of empirical-normative collaboration and studies which use socio-empirical methods to investigate ethically relevant issues in concrete social contexts. Discussion A considered reference to normative research questions can be expected from good quality empirical research in medical ethics. However, a significant proportion of empirical studies currently published in medical ethics lacks such linkage between the empirical research and the normative analysis. In the first part of this paper, we will outline two typical shortcomings of empirical studies in medical ethics with regard to a link between normative questions and empirical data: (1) The complete lack of normative analysis, and (2) cryptonormativity and a missing account with regard to the relationship between 'is' and 'ought' statements. Subsequently, two selected concepts of empirical-normative collaboration will be presented and how these concepts may contribute to improve the linkage between normative and empirical aspects of empirical research in medical ethics will be demonstrated. Based on our analysis, as well as our own practical experience with empirical research in medical ethics, we conclude with a sketch of concrete suggestions for the conduct of empirical research in medical ethics. Summary High quality empirical research in medical ethics is in need of a considered reference to normative analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate how conceptual approaches of empirical-normative collaboration can enhance empirical research in medical ethics with regard to the link between empirical research and normative analysis. PMID:22500496
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Charting the Course for a New Air Force Inspection System
2013-01-01
are down the hall from 3 All normative or prescriptive statements in this section reflect statements we heard from Air Force personnel. reducing the...in multiple forms. The responses we heard in the field tell us that the Air Force will achieve a better reception for MICT if its leadership first...primarily from the theory of High Reliability Organizations (HROs) pioneered by Karlene H. Roberts,9 whose work owed a great deal to the same body of
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Ferguson, Eamonn; Lawrence, Claire
2013-05-01
There is increasing use of counter-normative health messages (i.e., evidence-based health information about cause-effect relationships that run counter to shared normative beliefs, e.g., stress can lead to personal growth). The current studies examine the effect of normative and counter-normative messages about stress on levels of symptom reporting. Predictions are derived from reactance, social comparison, and self-enhancement theories. Two studies focus on the development of the messages, and two experimental studies examine the effect of manipulating normative and counter-normative messages on symptom reports. The final study controls for mere-measurement effects and explores the role of stress process variables (appraisals and coping). Exposure to a normative message (stress causes ill health) results in reduced symptom reporting compared to a counter-normative message (stress provides challenge, growth, and development) and control groups. The results suggest that people may use symptom reporting strategically to indicate coping. Based on the argument that beliefs about stress and health are stored as mental models, the theoretical associations derived from stress theory are only observed when a normative message is presented. Counter-normative stress messages may carry no tangible benefits compared to normative messages. Some stress research may suffer from inherent methodological bias when normative information is provided in information and consent sheets. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? At present, nothing is known about counter-normative health messages, despite the fact that they are becoming widely used as a public intervention. What does this study add? A clear operational definition of counter-normative messages. A test of three competing theories for counter-normative messages that focus of the stress-symptom link. Demonstrating for the first time, that in the domain of stress and health, counter-normative messages are at best ineffective. Demonstrating for the first time that only when the stress-coping-symptom links are made explicit do the theoretical associations observed in the literature emerge. This may be a potential methodological artefact in stress research that needs to be controlled. © 2013 The British Psychological Society.
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Mapping Concepts of Agency in Educational Contexts.
Matusov, Eugene; von Duyke, Katherine; Kayumova, Shakhnoza
2016-09-01
The purpose of this conceptual paper is to explore and map the "espoused theories" (Argyris and Schön 1978) of agency used in educational contexts. More precisely, we limit the focus on the normative view of student agency assumed within dominant school practices, desired by educational practitioners, leaving out non-normative emerging agencies such as student agency of resistance. Agency is a "tricky" concept, and often scholars who use the concept of agency do not define or operationalize it (e.g., Archer 2000). One reason is that there is no consensus among scholars about the notion of agency, especially when applied to educational contexts (Hitlin and Elder Sociological Theory, 25 (2), 170-191, 2007). Moreover, the recent neoliberal framing of individuals' agency as fully autonomous, flexible, and self-entrepreneur is adding the dilemma of agency manipulation in the sphere of education (Gershon 2011; Sidorkin 2004). To tackle this dilemma in educational contexts, we suggest to further interrogating the normative notion of agency in all its modes and develop a more nuanced conceptualization. We hope that such conceptualization would produce an understanding of the diverse manifestations and definitions of agency within a human ideal, educational content, behaviors, and social settings. We observed diverse uses of the normative term "agency" in educational discourse. We examined the term as used by researchers and practitioners. We also looked at the different ways it has been used in philosophical discussions of education, political framing of the civic role of schooling, disciplinary policy statements, school mission statements, and in everyday common use. It is worthy to note that our categorization of the use and meaning of the normative term "agency" depends on the scholars' epistemological paradigmatic assumptions, socio-political and historical situatedness, and ontological projects being translated into diverse scholarships of education. As a result of our research, we suggest four major normative conceptual frameworks related to agency mainly being adopted in educational contexts that we labeled as: 1) instrumental, 2) effortful, 3) dynamically emergent, and 4) authorial. In this paper, we discuss these normative approaches to agency as we compare and contrast the assumptions and their consequences for the current field of education, mostly from a point of view of authorial definition of agency (our bias).
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A Theoretical Sketch of Medical Professionalism as a Normative Complex
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Holtman, Matthew C.
2008-01-01
Validity arguments for assessment tools intended to measure medical professionalism suffer for lack of a clear theoretical statement of what professionalism is and how it should behave. Drawing on several decades of field research addressing deviance and informal social control among physicians, a theoretical sketch of professionalism is presented…
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Rehder, Bob; Waldmann, Michael R
2017-02-01
Causal Bayes nets capture many aspects of causal thinking that set them apart from purely associative reasoning. However, some central properties of this normative theory routinely violated. In tasks requiring an understanding of explaining away and screening off, subjects often deviate from these principles and manifest the operation of an associative bias that we refer to as the rich-get-richer principle. This research focuses on these two failures comparing tasks in which causal scenarios are merely described (via verbal statements of the causal relations) versus experienced (via samples of data that manifest the intervariable correlations implied by the causal relations). Our key finding is that we obtained stronger deviations from normative predictions in the described conditions that highlight the instructed causal model compared to those that presented data. This counterintuitive finding indicate that a theory of causal reasoning and learning needs to integrate normative principles with biases people hold about causal relations.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kotcher, J.; Vraga, E.; Myers, T.; Stenhouse, N.; Roser-Renouf, C.; Maibach, E.
2014-12-01
The question of what type of role scientists, or experts more generally, should play in policy debates is a perennial point of discussion within the scientific community. It is often thought that communication containing some form of policy advocacy is likely to compromise the perceived credibility of the individual scientist engaged in such behavior, with the possibility that it may also harm the credibility of the scientific community more broadly. Rather than evaluating statements in a binary fashion as representing either pure objectivity or pure advocacy, one recent model proposes that public communication by scientists should instead be thought of as falling along a continuum based upon the extent of normative judgment implicit in a statement. This approach predicts that as the extent of normative judgment increases, it poses a relatively greater risk to a scientist's perceived credibility. Though such a model is conceptually useful, little empirical social science research has systematically explored how individuals form judgments about different types of advocacy to examine common assumptions about the relative risks associated with such behaviors. In this presentation, we will report results from a national online experiment (N=1200) that examines audience responses to fictional social media posts written by either a climate scientist or a television weathercaster. Following the above model, the posts represent differing degrees of advocacy defined by the extent of normative judgment implicit in each statement. In instances where a specific policy is advocated, we examine whether participants' reactions are shaped by the extent to which the policy mentioned is congruent with one's political ideology. We hope this study will serve as an exemplar of applied science communication research that can begin to help inform scientists and other experts about the potential implications of different communication options they may choose from in deciding how to engage with policy.
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A critique of the naturalistic fallacy thesis.
Tullberg, Jan; Tullberg, Birgitta S
2001-09-01
If the prescriptive "ought" is separated from the factual "is," an intellectual analysis of the real world is by definition without normative value. The naturalistic fallacy thesis -- maintaining that normative and descriptive spheres must remain separated -- is often presented in a weak sense that seems reasonable. However, only in a strong sense -- by strictly separating facts and values -- are fallacy accusations supported. We claim that this naturalistic fallacy thesis is unsound and that normative statements instead should be based on rational understanding as found in the Darwinian and social sciences. The Cartesian compromise should be abandoned, since only naturalism can provide a cogent framework for better understanding and support ethics with a solid foundation. Many people nurture values based on tradition, whim, subgroup identification etc., and they demand respect for those values. However, we can demand respect for values only when they have a rational foundation. The common belief in the thesis of naturalistic fallacy is an anti-intellectual device that shields values from rational inquiry.
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Zajdel, Justyna
2013-01-01
Due diligence in the process of provision of healthcare services refers, among other elements, to the application of pharmacological therapy at a time which offers the greatest chance for a successful outcome of treatment, i.e. for achieving the optimum expected effect understood as an improvement in the patient's health, reduction of health risks or elimination of the disease. However, due diligence may also refer to actions aimed at ensuring that neither the patient nor the healthcare payer is required to incur unreasonable costs in the process of treatment. The validity of that statement stems not only from normative acts but also from ethical standards laid down in the Medical Code of Ethics (Article 57 section 2). It often happens that the provision of optimal treatment calls for deviations from the formal provisions included in Summary Product Characteristics (SPCs), and the application of drugs that are bioequivalent to reference drugs, which translates into a significant reduction of costs. The present study addresses the problem of acceptability of a specific form of drug substitution consisting in the replacement of a reference drug with a generic drug. Also explored are legal aspects associated with the possibility of therapy based on “off-label use”. The study reviews normative acts existing in the Polish and EU legislation. It also provides a clear definition of orphan drug, which has made it possible to make a distinction and investigate mutual relations between the concepts of brand-name (reference) drug, orphan drug and generic drug. PMID:24592133
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Zajdel, Justyna; Zajdel, Radosław
2013-01-01
Due diligence in the process of provision of healthcare services refers, among other elements, to the application of pharmacological therapy at a time which offers the greatest chance for a successful outcome of treatment, i.e. for achieving the optimum expected effect understood as an improvement in the patient's health, reduction of health risks or elimination of the disease. However, due diligence may also refer to actions aimed at ensuring that neither the patient nor the healthcare payer is required to incur unreasonable costs in the process of treatment. The validity of that statement stems not only from normative acts but also from ethical standards laid down in the Medical Code of Ethics (Article 57 section 2). It often happens that the provision of optimal treatment calls for deviations from the formal provisions included in Summary Product Characteristics (SPCs), and the application of drugs that are bioequivalent to reference drugs, which translates into a significant reduction of costs. The present study addresses the problem of acceptability of a specific form of drug substitution consisting in the replacement of a reference drug with a generic drug. Also explored are legal aspects associated with the possibility of therapy based on "off-label use". The study reviews normative acts existing in the Polish and EU legislation. It also provides a clear definition of orphan drug, which has made it possible to make a distinction and investigate mutual relations between the concepts of brand-name (reference) drug, orphan drug and generic drug.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Mesjasz, Czesław
2000-05-01
Cybernetics, systems thinking or systems theory, have been viewed as instruments of enhancing predictive, normative and prescriptive capabilities of the social sciences, beginning from microscale-management and ending with various reference to the global system. Descriptions, explanations and predictions achieved thanks to various systems ideas were also viewed as supportive for potential governance of social phenomena. The main aim of the paper is to examine what could be the possible applications of modern systems thinking in predictive, normative and prescriptive approaches in modern social sciences, beginning from management theory and ending with global studies. Attention is paid not only to "classical" mathematical systems models but also to the role of predictive, normative and prescriptive interpretations of analogies and metaphors associated with application of the classical ("first order cybernetics") and modern ("second order cybernetics", "complexity theory") systems thinking in social sciences.
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Revised NEO Personality Inventory normative data for police officer selection.
Detrick, Paul; Chibnall, John T
2013-11-01
The Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO PI-R) has demonstrated utility in the personnel selection context. Its use in police officer selection has been relatively limited, in part, because there are no published normative data for the NEO PI-R for police officer applicants. The authors present normative data on NEO PI-R domain and facet scores for a large sample (N = 288) of police officer applicants in a large, urban, Midwestern police department who completed the NEO PI-R as part of a preemployment psychological evaluation. Applicants reported low levels of Neuroticism and high levels of Extraversion and Conscientiousness. Neuroticism and Conscientiousness scores were strongly and consistently correlated with the Positive Presentation Management (PPM) research validity scale of the NEO PI-R. Extraversion and Agreeableness scores were moderately and less consistently correlated with PPM. These data may serve as a normative comparison group for professionals and researchers who use or may want to use the NEO PI-R in the police officer selection context.
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Giannou, Foteini; Nikolopoulos, Georgios K; Pantavou, Katerina; Benetou, Vassiliki; Kantzanou, Maria; Sypsa, Vana; Williams, Leslie D; Friedman, Samuel R; Hatzakis, Angelos
2017-01-01
Despite great improvements in prevention over the last years, much has to be done to reduce new human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Substantial evidence shows that the six-month period of recent HIV infection contributes disproportionately to HIV transmission. This study aims to investigate knowledge, normative beliefs, and attitudes of people who inject drugs (PWID) regarding recent HIV infection. People who inject drugs in Athens, Greece were recruited in the fifth round of a respondent- driven sampling program (ARISTOTLE). The participants were tested for HIV and answered a structured questionnaire, which also included items on knowledge, normative beliefs, and attitudes regarding recent infection to address needs of the social network-based Transmission Reduction Intervention Project. The multivariable analyses included logistic regression models, which produced odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). In total, 1,407 people (mean age: 36.3 ± 7.9 years old; males: 81.9%) took part in the fifth round of ARISTOTLE. Of these, 61.5% knew that HIV-infected people who are not on treatment are more likely to transmit HIV during the first six months of their infection and 58.4% reported that people in their network would react positively towards a recently HIV-infected person. People who inject drugs who were knowledgeable of recent HIV infection were more likely to disagree with statements such as that one should avoid all contact with a person recently infected by HIV (adjusted OR: 1.510, 95% CI: 1.090, 2.091) or more likely to agree with statements such as that an HIV+ person is much less likely to transmit HIV when h/she is on combination antiretroviral treatment (adjusted OR: 2.083, 95% CI: 1.231, 3.523). A considerable proportion of PWID in Athens, Greece, were aware of the high HIV transmission risk of recent HIV infection, although improvement is needed for some population segments. People who inject drugs who were knowledgeable of the role of recent HIV infection were more likely to have normative beliefs and attitudes that favor behaviors that could help rather than harm or stigmatize people who have recently been infected with HIV. Interventions that are based on the role of recent HIV infection in HIV transmission could be important to HIV prevention. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.org.
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Hartnack, Sonja; Springer, Svenja; Pittavino, Marta; Grimm, Herwig
2016-02-04
Euthanasia of pets has been described by veterinarians as "the best and the worst" of the profession. The most commonly mentioned ethical dilemmas veterinarians face in small animal practice are: limited treatment options due to financial constraints, euthanizing of healthy animals and owners wishing to continue treatment of terminally ill animals. The aim of the study was to gain insight into the attitudes of Austrian veterinarians towards euthanasia of small animals. This included assessing their agreement with euthanasia in exemplified case scenarios, potentially predicted by demographic variables (e.g. gender, age, working in small animal practice, employment, working in a team, numbers of performed euthanasia). Further describing the veterinarians' agreement with a number of different normative and descriptive statements, including coping strategies. A questionnaire with nine euthanasia scenarios, 26 normative and descriptive statements, and demographic data were sent to all members of the Austrian Chamber of Veterinary Surgeons (n = 2478). In total, 486 veterinarians answered sufficiently completely to enable analyses. Responses were first explored descriptively before being formally analysed using linear regression and additive Bayesian networks - a multivariate regression methodology - in order to identify joint relationships between the demographic variables, the statements and each of the nine euthanasia scenarios. Mutual dependencies between the demographic variables were found, i.e. female compared to male veterinarians worked mostly in small animal practice, and working mostly in small animal practice was linked to performing more euthanasia per month. Gender and age were found to be associated with views on euthanasia: female veterinarians and veterinarians having worked for less years were more likely to disagree with euthanasia in at least some of the convenience euthanasia scenarios. The number of veterinarians working together was found to be the variable with the highest number of links to other variables, demographic as well as ethical statements. This highlights the role of a team potentially providing support in stressful situations. The results are useful for a better understanding of coping strategies for veterinarians with moral stress due to euthanasia of small animals.
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Rapaport, Sivan; Leshno, Moshe; Fink, Lior
2014-12-01
Shared decision making (SDM) encourages the patient to play a more active role in the process of medical consultation and its primary objective is to find the best treatment for a specific patient. Recent findings, however, show that patient preferences cannot be easily or accurately judged on the basis of communicative exchange during routine office visits, even for patients who seek to expand their role in medical decision making (MDM). The objective of this study is to improve the quality of patient-physician communication by developing a novel design process for SDM and then demonstrating, through a case study, the applicability of this process in enabling the use of a normative model for a specific medical situation. Our design process goes through the following stages: definition of medical situation and decision problem, development/identification of normative model, adaptation of normative model, empirical analysis and development of decision support systems (DSS) tools that facilitate the SDM process in the specific medical situation. This study demonstrates the applicability of the process through the implementation of the general normative theory of MDM under uncertainty for the medical-financial dilemma of choosing a physician to perform amniocentesis. The use of normative models in SDM raises several issues, such as the goal of the normative model, the relation between the goals of prediction and recommendation, and the general question of whether it is valid to use a normative model for people who do not behave according to the model's assumptions. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Normative lessons: codes of conduct, self-regulation and the law.
Parker, Malcolm H
2010-06-07
Good medical practice: a code of conduct for doctors in Australia provides uniform standards to be applied in relation to complaints about doctors to the new Medical Board of Australia. The draft Code was criticised for being prescriptive. The final Code employs apparently less authoritative wording than the draft Code, but the implicit obligations it contains are no less prescriptive. Although the draft Code was thought to potentially undermine trust in doctors, and stifle professional judgement in relation to individual patients, its general obligations always allowed for flexibility of application, depending on the circumstances of individual patients. Professional codes may contain some aspirational statements, but they always contain authoritative ones, and they share this feature with legal codes. In successfully diluting the apparent prescriptivity of the draft Code, the profession has lost an opportunity to demonstrate its commitment to the raison d'etre of self-regulation - the protection of patients. Professional codes are not opportunities for reflection, consideration and debate, but are outcomes of these activities.
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Roberts, Steven O; Ho, Arnold K; Gelman, Susan A
2017-06-01
Children use descriptive regularities of social groups (what is) to generate prescriptive judgments (what should be). We examined whether this tendency held when the regularities were introduced through group presence, category labels, or generic statements. Children (ages 4-9years, N=203) were randomly assigned to one of four conditions that manipulated how descriptive group regularities were presented: group presence (e.g., "These ones [a group of three individuals] eat this kind of berry"), category labels (e.g., "This [individual] Hibble eats this kind of berry"), generic statements (e.g., [showing an individual] "Hibbles eat this kind of berry"), or control (e.g., "This one [individual] eats this kind of berry"). Then, children saw conforming and non-conforming individuals and were asked to evaluate their behavior. As predicted, children evaluated non-conformity negatively in all conditions except the control condition. Together, these results suggest that minimal perceptual and linguistic cues provoke children to treat social groups as having normative force. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Jeroncic, Ana; Gunjaca, Grgo; Mrsic, Danijela Budimir; Mudnic, Ivana; Brizic, Ivica; Polasek, Ozren; Boban, Mladen
2016-01-01
Common reference values of arterial stiffness indices could be effective screening tool in detecting vascular phenotypes at risk. However, populations of the same ethnicity may differ in vascular phenotype due to different environmental pressure. We examined applicability of normative equations for central augmentation index (cAIx) derived from Danish population with low cardiovascular risk on the corresponding Croatian population from the Mediterranean area. Disagreement between measured and predicted cAIx was assessed by Bland-Altman analysis. Both, cAIx-age distribution and normative equation fitted on Croatian data were highly comparable to Danish low-risk sample. Contrarily, Bland-Altman analysis of cAIx disagreement revealed a curvilinear deviation from the line of full agreement indicating that the equations were not equally applicable across age ranges. Stratification of individual data into age decades eliminated curvilinearity in all but the 30–39 (men) and 40–49 (women) decades. In other decades, linear disagreement independent of age persisted indicating that cAIx determinants other than age were not envisaged/compensated for by proposed equations. Therefore, established normative equations are equally applicable to both Nordic and Mediterranean populations but are of limited use. If designed for narrower age ranges, the equations’ sensitivity in detecting vascular phenotypes at risk and applicability to different populations could be improved. PMID:27230110
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The effect of emotion on interpretation and logic in a conditional reasoning task.
Blanchette, Isabelle
2006-07-01
The effect of emotional content on logical reasoning is explored in three experiments. Theparticipants completed a conditional reasoning task (If p, then q) with emotional and neutral contents. In Experiment 1, existing emotional and neutral words were used. The emotional value of initially neutral words was experimentally manipulated in Experiments 1B and 2, using classical conditioning. In all experiments, participants were less likely to provide normatively correct answers when reasoning about emotional stimuli, compared with neutral stimuli. This was true for both negative (Experiments 1B and 2) and positive contents (Experiment 2). The participants' interpretations of the conditional statements were also measured (perceived sufficiency, necessity, causality, and plausibility). The results showed the expected relationship between interpretation and reasoning. However, emotion did not affect interpretation. Emotional and neutral conditional statements were interpreted similarly. The results are discussed in light of current models of emotion and reasoning.
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Current approaches to norms research
John L. Heywood
2000-01-01
The dialogue session was a continuation of a debate about norms and the application of normative standards to wilderness management that has taken place throughout the 1990s at national meetings and in the research literature. Researchers who have made significant contributions to the normative approach to wilderness recreation management presented three approaches to...
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The Simple Theory of Public Library Services.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Newhouse, Joseph P.
A simple normative theory applicable to public library services was developed as a tool to aid libraries in answering the question: which books should be bought by the library? Although developed for normative purposes, the theory generates testable predictions. It is relevant to measuring benefits from services which are provided publicly because…
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The Vroom and Yetton Normative Leadership Model Applied to Public School Case Examples.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sample, John
This paper seeks to familiarize school administrators with the Vroom and Yetton Normative Leadership model by presenting its essential components and providing original case studies for its application to school settings. The five decision-making methods of the Vroom and Yetton model, including two "autocratic," two…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-22
... Information Collection: Comment Request; Financial Statement of Corporate Application for Cooperative Housing... information: Title of Proposal: Financial Statement of Corporate Application for Cooperative Housing Mortgage... use: The information collected on the ``Financial Statement of Corporate Application for Cooperative...
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Availability, accessibility and promotion of smokeless tobacco in a low-income area of Mumbai.
Schensul, Jean J; Nair, Saritha; Bilgi, Sameena; Cromley, Ellen; Kadam, Vaishali; Mello, Sunitha D; Donta, Balaiah
2013-09-01
To examine the role of accessibility, product availability, promotions and social norms promotion, factors contributing to the use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products in a typical low-income community of Mumbai community using Geographic Information System (GIS), observational and interview methodologies and to assess implementation of Cigatettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) legislation. In India, the third largest producer of tobacco in the world, smokeless tobacco products are used by men, women and children. New forms of highly addictive packaged smokeless tobacco products such as gutkha are inexpensive and rates of use are higher in low-income urban communities. These products are known to increase rates of oral cancer and to affect reproductive health and fetal development. The study used a mixed methods approach combining ethnographic and GIS mapping, observation and key informant interviews. Accessibility was defined as density, clustering and distance of residents and schools to tobacco outlets. Observation and interview data with shop owners and community residents produced an archive of products, information on shop histories and income and normative statements. Spatial analysis showed high density of outlets with variations across subcommunities. All residents can reach tobacco outlets within 30-100 feet of their homes. Normative statements from 55 respondents indicate acceptance of men's, women's and children's use, and selling smokeless tobacco is reported to be an important form of income generation for some households. Multilevel tobacco control and prevention strategies including tobacco education, community norms change, licensing and surveillance and alternative income generation strategies are needed to reduce accessibility and availability of smokeless tobacco use.
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Seol, Bo Ram; Kim, Dong Myung; Park, Ki Ho; Jeoung, Jin Wook
2017-11-01
To evaluate the optical coherence tomography (OCT) color probability codes based on a myopic normative database and to investigate whether the implementation of the myopic normative database can improve the OCT diagnostic ability in myopic glaucoma. Comparative validity study. In this study, 305 eyes (154 myopic healthy eyes and 151 myopic glaucoma eyes) were included. A myopic normative database was obtained based on myopic healthy eyes. We evaluated the agreement between OCT color probability codes after applying the built-in and myopic normative databases, respectively. Another 120 eyes (60 myopic healthy eyes and 60 myopic glaucoma eyes) were included and the diagnostic performance of OCT color codes using a myopic normative database was investigated. The mean weighted kappa (Kw) coefficients for quadrant retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness, clock-hour RNFL thickness, and ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness were 0.636, 0.627, and 0.564, respectively. The myopic normative database showed a higher specificity than did the built-in normative database in quadrant RNFL thickness, clock-hour RNFL thickness, and GCIPL thickness (P < .001, P < .001, and P < .001, respectively). The receiver operating characteristic curve values increased when using the myopic normative database in quadrant RNFL thickness, clock-hour RNFL thickness, and GCIPL thickness (P = .011, P = .004, P < .001, respectively). The diagnostic ability of OCT color codes for detection of myopic glaucoma significantly improved after application of the myopic normative database. The implementation of a myopic normative database is needed to allow more precise interpretation of OCT color probability codes when used in myopic eyes. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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22 CFR 401.18 - Supplemental or amended applications and statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... application, statement in response or statement in reply, as the case may be, to be presented. (b) Where... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Supplemental or amended applications and statements. 401.18 Section 401.18 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND CANADA...
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40 CFR 790.99 - Statement of financial responsibility.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Statement of financial responsibility... From Test Rules § 790.99 Statement of financial responsibility. Each applicant for an exemption shall submit the following sworn statement with his or her application: I understand that if this application...
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Planned Change in Higher Education.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Millin, Betty; Phelan, William T.
Using the Dunkin and Biddle model, this field study examined the effects of the application of the assessment and goal-setting stage of the Enhanced Normative Systems Model (ENSM) on change at a state university. The ENSM, a blending of the Normative Systems Model and Metanoic Principles, emphasizes participant decision making and cultural change.…
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To Be or Not to Be an Entrepreneur: Applying a Normative Model to Career Decisions
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Callanan, Gerard A.; Zimmerman, Monica
2016-01-01
Reflecting the need for a better and broader understanding of the factors influencing the choices to enter into or exit an entrepreneurial career, this article applies a structured, normative model of career management to the career decision-making of entrepreneurs. The application of a structured model can assist career counselors, college career…
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Biodiversity, conservation biology, and rational choice.
Frank, David
2014-03-01
This paper critically discusses two areas of Sahotra Sarkar's recent work in environmental philosophy: biodiversity and conservation biology and roles for decision theory in incorporating values explicitly in the environmental policy process. I argue that Sarkar's emphasis on the practices of conservation biologists, and especially the role of social and cultural values in the choice of biodiversity constituents, restricts his conception of biodiversity to particular practical conservation contexts. I argue that life scientists have many reasons to measure many types of diversity, and that biodiversity metrics could be value-free. I argue that Sarkar's emphasis on the limitations of normative decision theory is in tension with his statement that decision theory can "put science and ethics together." I also challenge his claim that multi-criteria decision tools lacking axiomatic foundations in preference and utility theory are "without a rational basis," by presenting a case of a simple "outranking" multi-criteria decision rule that can violate a basic normative requirement of preferences (transitivity) and ask whether there may nevertheless be contexts in which such a procedure might assist decision makers. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. 210.6-08 Section 210.6-08... applicable to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. Statements of operations filed by issuers of face-amount certificates shall comply with the following provisions: Statements of...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. 210.6-08 Section 210.6-08... applicable to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. Statements of operations filed by issuers of face-amount certificates shall comply with the following provisions: Statements of...
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10 CFR 63.24 - Updating of application and environmental impact statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Updating of application and environmental impact statement... Updating of application and environmental impact statement. (a) The application must be as complete as... the time a construction authorization was issued. (c) DOE shall supplement its environmental impact...
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Pelto-Piri, Veikko; Engström, Karin; Engström, Ingemar
2013-12-06
Psychiatric staff members have the power to decide the options that frame encounters with patients. Intentional as well as unintentional framing can have a crucial impact on patients' opportunities to be heard and participate in the process. We identified three dominant ethical perspectives in the normative medical ethics literature concerning how doctors and other staff members should frame interactions in relation to patients; paternalism, autonomy and reciprocity. The aim of this study was to describe and analyse statements describing real work situations and ethical reflections made by staff members in relation to three central perspectives in medical ethics; paternalism, autonomy and reciprocity. All staff members involved with patients in seven adult psychiatric and six child and adolescent psychiatric clinics were given the opportunity to freely describe ethical considerations in their work by keeping an ethical diary over the course of one week and 173 persons handed in their diaries. Qualitative theory-guided content analysis was used to provide a description of staff encounters with patients and in what way these encounters were consistent with, or contrary to, the three perspectives. The majority of the statements could be attributed to the perspective of paternalism and several to autonomy. Only a few statements could be attributed to reciprocity, most of which concerned staff members acting contrary to the perspective. The result is presented as three perspectives containing eight values.•Paternalism; 1) promoting and restoring the health of the patient, 2) providing good care and 3) assuming responsibility.•Autonomy; 1) respecting the patient's right to self-determination and information, 2) respecting the patient's integrity and 3) protecting human rights.•Reciprocity; 1) involving patients in the planning and implementation of their care and 2) building trust between staff and patients. Paternalism clearly appeared to be the dominant perspective among the participants, but there was also awareness of patients' right to autonomy. Despite a normative trend towards reciprocity in psychiatry throughout the Western world, identifying it proved difficult in this study. This should be borne in mind by clinics when considering the need for ethical education, training and supervision.
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How Physician Assistant Programs Use the CASPA Personal Statement in Their Admissions Process.
Lopes, John E; Badur, Michalina; Weis, Nicole
2016-06-01
This research surveyed physician assistant (PA) program admissions personnel to determine how the Central Application Service for Physician Assistants (CASPA) personal statements are used, what influence the statements had on certain admissions processes, whether there was any concern about authorship of the statements, and how important certain previously identified content themes were to admissions committees and personnel. The PA programs participating in CASPA were contacted and interviewed using a computer-assisted telephone interview system. Participants were asked a series of open-ended questions related to the usefulness of the personal statement and asked to score certain items using a Likert-type scale. The response rate for the telephone survey was 75%. Most of the programs (93%) used the personal statement in the applicant review process, and almost two-thirds (62%) indicated that the statement was useful or very useful. Three-fourths (76%) of respondents sometimes or always used the statement for the selection of candidates for interviews. Only 29% of respondents were very to extremely concerned that the statements were not written by the applicants. Despite the observation that the statements were relatively homogeneous in content, respondents ranked identified content themes as an important influence on decision-making. Almost all respondents used the personal statement in their admissions process, usually in the selection of interviewees. Although there was some concern that the statements were not the original work of the applicant, less than a third of respondents were very concerned about this possibility. The homogeneity of the statements was also a concern, but the importance placed on the identified theme content areas validates the applicants' inclusion of these themes in the statements.
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[Does ethics pay off? Need and perspectives of value management in hospitals].
Marckmann, Georg; Maschmann, Jens
2014-01-01
The economic pressure on German hospitals has increased considerably over the last years, mainly because of the introduction of a flat-rate payment system, and it will most likely further increase under the current demographic and political conditions. The growing dominance of economics in the inpatient sector increases the pressure on hospital staff and results in an increased volume of care (with sometimes inappropriate overtreatment) and uncontrolled rationing and a continuous struggle to maintain the quality of patient care. This development is not only alarming from an ethical perspective, but also impairs the hospital's economic performance. To counter the increasing economic pressure with "more ethics" does--according to the line of reasoning adopted in this article--not appear to be very successful. Rather, central ethical values in inpatient care have to become an integral part of hospital management. This value management first requires a clear definition of the normative standards, e.g. within a mission statement. Second, the realisation of the normative standards in routine inpatient care has to be systematically assessed, evaluated and managed. Since normative standards are difficult to measure objectively and on a quantitative scale, (repeated) surveys among hospital staff are the central instrument to secure the "internal quality" of the hospital. It appears very likely that more ethics in the hospital will pay off by improving its economic performance. The empirical proof for this conceptually extremely plausible hypothesis has yet to be provided. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier GmbH.
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Availability, accessibility and promotion of smokeless tobacco in a low-income area of Mumbai
Schensul, Jean J; Nair, Saritha; Bilgi, Sameena; Cromley, Ellen; Kadam, Vaishali; Mello, Sunitha D; Donta, Balaiah
2015-01-01
Objective To examine the role of accessibility, product availability, promotions and social norms promotion, factors contributing to the use of smokeless tobacco (ST) products in a typical low-income community of Mumbai community using Geographic Information System (GIS), observational and interview methodologies and to assess implementation of Cigarettes and other Tobacco Products Act (COTPA) legislation. Rationale In India, the third largest producer of tobacco in the world, smokeless tobacco products are used by men, women and children. New forms of highly addictive packaged smokeless tobacco products such as gutkha are inexpensive and rates of use are higher in low-income urban communities. These products are known to increase rates of oral cancer and to affect reproductive health and fetal development. Methods The study used a mixed methods approach combining ethnographic and GIS mapping, observation and key informant interviews. Accessibility was defined as density, clustering and distance of residents and schools to tobacco outlets. Observation and interview data with shop owners and community residents produced an archive of products, information on shop histories and income and normative statements. Results Spatial analysis showed high density of outlets with variations across subcommunities. All residents can reach tobacco outlets within 30–100 feet of their homes. Normative statements from 55 respondents indicate acceptance of men’s, women’s and children’s use, and selling smokeless tobacco is reported to be an important form of income generation for some households. Multilevel tobacco control and prevention strategies including tobacco education, community norms change, licensing and surveillance and alternative income generation strategies are needed to reduce accessibility and availability of smokeless tobacco use. PMID:22387521
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49 CFR 260.31 - Execution and filing of the application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
...; that he or she has examined the financial statements and supporting schedules included in this... attached to such statements, those financial statements and supporting schedules represent a true and complete statement of the financial position of the Applicant and that there are no undisclosed assets...
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Plagiarism in Personal Statements of Anesthesiology Residency Applicants.
Parks, Lance J; Sizemore, Daniel C; Johnstone, Robert E
2016-02-15
Plagiarism by residency applicants in their personal statements, as well as sites that sell personal statements, have been described, and led in 2011 to advice to avoid plagiarism and the caution that plagiarism detection software was available. We screened personal statements of 467 anesthesiology residency applicants from 2013-2014 using Viper Plagiarism Scanner software, and studied them for plagiarism. After quotes and commonly used phrases were removed, 82 statements contained unoriginal content of 8 or more consecutive words. After the study, 13.6% of personal statements from non-United States medical school graduates, and 4.0% from United States medical school graduates, contained plagiarized material, a significant difference. Plagiarized content ranged up to 58%. Plagiarism continues to occur in anesthesiology residency personal statements, with a higher incidence among graduates of non-United States medical schools.
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11 CFR 9008.3 - Eligibility for payments; registration and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... application statement. Any changes in the information provided in the application statement must be reported to the Commission within 10 days following the change. The application statement shall include: (i... designated by the national committee to sign requests for payments; and (v) The name and address of the...
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11 CFR 9008.3 - Eligibility for payments; registration and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... application statement. Any changes in the information provided in the application statement must be reported to the Commission within 10 days following the change. The application statement shall include: (i... designated by the national committee to sign requests for payments; and (v) The name and address of the...
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Hartwell, Christopher J; Campion, Michael A
2016-06-01
This study explores normative feedback as a way to reduce rating errors and increase the reliability and validity of structured interview ratings. Based in control theory and social comparison theory, we propose a model of normative feedback interventions (NFIs) in the context of structured interviews and test our model using data from over 20,000 interviews conducted by more than 100 interviewers over a period of more than 4 years. Results indicate that lenient and severe interviewers reduced discrepancies between their ratings and the overall normative mean rating after receipt of normative feedback, though changes were greater for lenient interviewers. When various waves of feedback were presented in later NFIs, the combined normative mean rating over multiple time periods was more predictive of subsequent rating changes than the normative mean rating from the most recent time period. Mean within-interviewer rating variance, along with interrater agreement and interrater reliability, increased after the initial NFI, but results from later NFIs were more complex and revealed that feedback interventions may lose effectiveness over time. A second study using simulated data indicated that leniency and severity errors did not impact rating validity, but did affect which applicants were hired. We conclude that giving normative feedback to interviewers will aid in minimizing interviewer rating differences and enhance the reliability of structured interview ratings. We suggest that interviewer feedback might be considered as a potential new component of interview structure, though future research is needed before a definitive conclusion can be drawn. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
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Wartenburger, Isabell; Mériau, Katja; Scheibe, Christina; Goodenough, Oliver R.; Villringer, Arno; van der Meer, Elke; Heekeren, Hauke R.
2008-01-01
To investigate how individual differences in moral judgment competence are reflected in the human brain, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, while 23 participants made either socio-normative or grammatical judgments. Participants with lower moral judgment competence recruited the left ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the left posterior superior temporal sulcus more than participants with greater competence in this domain when identifying social norm violations. Moreover, moral judgment competence scores were inversely correlated with activity in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) during socio-normative relative to grammatical judgments. Greater activity in right DLPFC in participants with lower moral judgment competence indicates increased recruitment of rule-based knowledge and its controlled application during socio-normative judgments. These data support current models of the neurocognition of morality according to which both emotional and cognitive components play an important role. PMID:19015093
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Evaluation of a Myopic Normative Database for Analysis of Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Thickness.
Biswas, Sayantan; Lin, Chen; Leung, Christopher K S
2016-09-01
Analysis of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) abnormalities with optical coherence tomography in eyes with high myopia has been complicated by high rates of false-positive errors. An understanding of whether the application of a myopic normative database can improve the specificity for detection of RNFL abnormalities in eyes with high myopia is relevant. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a myopic normative database for detection of RNFL abnormalities in eyes with high myopia (spherical equivalent, -6.0 diopters [D] or less). In this cross-sectional study, 180 eyes with high myopia (mean [SD] spherical equivalent, -8.0 [1.8] D) from 180 healthy individuals were included in the myopic normative database. Another 46 eyes with high myopia from healthy individuals (mean [SD] spherical equivalent, -8.1 [1.8] D) and 74 eyes from patients with high myopia and glaucoma (mean [SD] spherical equivalent, -8.3 [1.9] D) were included for evaluation of specificity and sensitivity. The 95th and 99th percentiles of the mean and clock-hour circumpapillary RNFL thicknesses and the individual superpixel thicknesses of the RNFL thickness map measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography were calculated from the 180 eyes with high myopia. Participants were recruited from January 2, 2013, to December 30, 2015. The following 6 criteria of RNFL abnormalities were examined: (1) mean circumpapillary RNFL thickness below the lower 95th or (2) the lower 99th percentile; (3) one clock-hour or more for RNFL thickness below the lower 95th or (4) the lower 99th percentile; and (5) twenty contiguous superpixels or more of RNFL thickness in the RNFL thickness map below the lower 95th or (6) the lower 99th percentile. Specificities and sensitivities for detection of RNFL abnormalities. Of the 46 healthy eyes and 74 eyes with glaucoma studied (from 39 men and 38 women), the myopic normative database showed a higher specificity (63.0%-100%) than did the built-in normative database of the optical coherence tomography instrument (8.7%-87.0%) for detection of RNFL abnormalities across all the criteria examined (differences in specificities between 13.0% [95% CI, 1.1%-24.9%; P = .01] and 54.3% [95% CI, 37.8%-70.9%; P < .001]) except for the criterion of mean RNFL thickness below the lower 99th percentile, in which both normative databases had the same specificities (100%) but the myopic normative database exhibited a higher sensitivity (71.6% vs 86.5%; difference in sensitivities, 14.9% [95% CI, 4.6%-25.1%; P = .002]). The application of a myopic normative database improved the specificity without compromising the sensitivity compared with the optical coherence tomography instrument's built-in normative database for detection of RNFL abnormalities in eyes with high myopia. Inclusion of myopic normative databases should be considered in optical coherence tomography instruments.
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PRN 93-3: Labeling Statement Prohibiting Application to Water
This notice explaining the policy on label statement prohibiting pesticide application to water pertains only to the labeling statement on pesticide products. It does not address the term wetlands as defined with respect to the Clean Water Act.
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Max, Bryan A; Gelfand, Brian; Brooks, Meredith R; Beckerly, Rena; Segal, Scott
2010-08-01
To evaluate personal statements submitted to a major academic anesthesiology program to determine the prevalence of common features and overall subjective quality, and to survey anesthesiology program directors as to how they utilized these statements during the resident selection process. Structured analysis of de-identified personal statements and Internet-based survey of program directors. Large academic anesthesiology training program. 670 applicant personal statements and academic anesthesiology program directors. Prevalence of 13 specific essay features and 8 quality ratings were calculated for the essays and correlated with other aspects of the residency application, as abstracted from the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) files. A 6-question survey regarding use of personal statements was collected from program directors. 70 of 131 program directors queried responded to our survey. Interest in physiology and pharmacology, enjoyment of a hands-on specialty, and desire to comfort anxious patients were each mentioned in more than half of the essays. Candidates invited for an interview had essays that received higher quality ratings than essays of those not invited (P = 0.02 to P < 0.0001). Higher quality ratings were also strongly associated with graduation from a U.S. or Canadian medical school, applicant file screening score, female gender, and younger age. Interrater reliability was good (kappa 0.75-0.99 for structural features, and 0.45-0.65 for quality features). More than 90% of program directors found proper use of English to be a somewhat or very important feature of the essay. Only 41% found the personal statement to be very or somewhat important in selecting candidates for interview invitations. However, over 90% stated that they used the statements during actual interviews with invited applicants. The data showed a high prevalence of common features found within personal statements and a general ambivalence amongst those program directors for whom the statements were intended. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretation of general applicability... ORGANIZATION § 5.4 Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of... CFR parts 41-42 et seq. (7) Nationality and Passports. 22 CFR part 50 et seq. (8) International...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretation of general applicability... ORGANIZATION § 5.4 Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of... CFR parts 41-42 et seq. (7) Nationality and Passports. 22 CFR part 50 et seq. (8) International...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretation of general applicability... ORGANIZATION § 5.4 Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of... CFR parts 41-42 et seq. (7) Nationality and Passports. 22 CFR part 50 et seq. (8) International...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general policy or interpretation of general applicability... ORGANIZATION § 5.4 Substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of... CFR parts 41-42 et seq. (7) Nationality and Passports. 22 CFR part 50 et seq. (8) International...
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Consumers' health-related motive orientations and ready meal consumption behaviour.
Geeroms, Nele; Verbeke, Wim; Van Kenhove, Patrick
2008-11-01
Based on a multidimensional perspective on the meaning of health, this study explores associations between consumers' health-related motive orientations (HRMO) and ready meal consumption behaviour. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 1934 Flemish consumers through an on-line survey. The respondents rated 45 health statements referring to people's motives for pursuing health. The survey also assessed information on several aspects of ready meal consumption, i.e. consumption frequency, beliefs and attitudes toward ready meals and ready meal buying criteria. Based on a two-step cluster analysis, we identified five distinct subgroups in the sample, according to their HRMO: health is about energy (Energetic Experimenters), emotional well-being/enjoying life (Harmonious Enjoyers), social responsibility/physical well-being (Normative Carers), achievement/outward appearance (Conscious Experts) and autonomy (Rationalists). Ready meal consumption patterns differed between these segments, with Energetic Experimenters and Conscious Experts showing significantly more positive attitudes, stronger beliefs and both higher penetration and consumption frequency related to ready meals, compared to Harmonious Enjoyers, Normative Carers and Rationalists. These findings may relate to the individualistic versus altruistic health orientation perspective of the identified segments, and are valuable in the context of improving consumer-oriented product development, positioning and marketing of ready meals.
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17 CFR 210.9-01 - Application of §§ 210.9-01 to 210.9-07
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... COMMISSION FORM AND CONTENT OF AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES....9-01 Application of §§ 210.9-01 to 210.9-07 This article is applicable to consolidated financial statements filed for bank holding companies and to any financial statements of banks that are included in...
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WHO-definition of health must be enforced by national law: a debate
2013-01-01
Background On its establishment, the World Health Organization (WHO) defined health as a fundamental human right deserving legal protection. Subsequently, the Ottawa Charter reaffirmed health as a fundamental right, and emphasized health promotion as the most appropriate response to global health issues. Here we suggest that the WHO definition of health as more than simply the absence of illness is not normative, and therefore requires standardization. To date such standardization unfortunately is lacking. Discussion National legislatures must actively ensure fair access to health care, both nationally and internationally, and also must reduce social inequality. To achieve this requires practical action, not statements of intentions, commitments or targets. Protecting fundamental rights to health care can be a fruitful focus for legislatures. Legislative action can build an objective legal framework for health care law, and guide its interpretation and application. Additionally, it is important to ensure the law is appropriate, useful and sustainable. Summary Action is needed to protect the fundamental right to health care. Legislators should appropriately incorporate the WHO recommendations regarding this right into national law. Additionally, professional experts should help interpret and codify concepts of health and join the interdisciplinary discussion of a variable health standard. PMID:23782795
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32 CFR 903.1 - Mission and responsibilities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... include a comprehensive statement of the applicant's character, ability, and motivation to become a career... applicant's character, ability, and motivation to become a career officer. Verify statements in applications...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-07
... Information Collection; Comment Request: Financial Statement of Corporate Application for Cooperative Housing... ``Financial Statement of Corporate Application for Cooperative Housing Mortgage'' form provides HUD with... submission of responses. This Notice also lists the following information: Title of Proposal: Financial...
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A taxonomy of possible reasons for and against sperm donation.
Bossema, Ercolie R; Janssens, Pim M W; Landwehr, Frieda; Treucker, Roswitha G L; van Duinen, Kor; Nap, Annemiek W; Geenen, Rinie
2013-06-01
Various reasons may guide the decision of men to become a sperm donor. Our aim was to identify a comprehensive set of possible reasons for and against sperm donation. Concept mapping. Assisted reproduction clinics. Nine sperm donors and seven non-sperm donors. Interviews to obtain statements for and against sperm donation, card-sorting tasks to categorize these statements according to similarity, and hierarchical cluster analysis to structure these categorizations. Hierarchical structure with reasons for and against sperm donation. The hierarchical structure with 91 reasons comprised selfishness (including narcissism and procreation), psychosocial drives (including altruism, detached procreation, and sexual/financial satisfaction), and psychosocial barriers (including normative and moral barriers related to oneself, one's spouse, the donor child, and society). The identified hierarchical overview of reasons for and against sperm donation may help potential sperm donors when considering becoming a sperm donor, enable more systematic counseling of potential sperm donors, and guide further research on reasons for and against sperm donation. © 2013 The Authors Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica © 2013 Nordic Federation of Societies of Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Normative ethics in sports medicine.
Bernstein, Joseph; Perlis, Clifford; Bartolozzi, Arthur R
2004-03-01
The relationship between a team physician and an athlete differs significantly from the traditional doctor-patient relationship. To better define the ethical norms and ideals in sports medicine, we surveyed the views of practicing team physicians in the Ivy, National Football, and National Hockey Leagues and compared them with responses offered by professional ethicists. Six hypothetical cases were presented, each representing a distinct area of ethical conflict: advertising, conflicting healthcare goals, confidentiality, innovative treatments, enabling dangerous behavior, and treating children. Thirty-one ethicists and 131 team physicians responded to the surveys. Subjects were asked to rate agreement or disagreement with statements that followed the case description. Responses were converted to scores ranging from 0 to 100. A priori, a difference greater than 20 points was set to represent significant disagreement. By that standard, there was agreement between the physicians and ethicists for 18 of 23 statements. We concluded that team physicians and ethicists share many of the same ethical views on common ethical issues in sports medicine. The high degree of variance in the responses in both groups, however, suggests that many unresolved areas remain in the field of ethics in sports medicine.
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Ofstad, Eirik H; Frich, Jan C; Schei, Edvin; Frankel, Richard M; Gulbrandsen, Pål
2016-01-01
Objective The medical literature lacks a comprehensive taxonomy of decisions made by physicians in medical encounters. Such a taxonomy might be useful in understanding the physician-centred, patient-centred and shared decision-making in clinical settings. We aimed to identify and classify all decisions emerging in conversations between patients and physicians. Design Qualitative study of video recorded patient–physician encounters. Participants and setting 380 patients in consultations with 59 physicians from 17 clinical specialties and three different settings (emergency room, ward round, outpatient clinic) in a Norwegian teaching hospital. A randomised sample of 30 encounters from internal medicine was used to identify and classify decisions, a maximum variation sample of 20 encounters was used for reliability assessments, and the remaining encounters were analysed to test for applicability across specialties. Results On the basis of physician statements in our material, we developed a taxonomy of clinical decisions—the Decision Identification and Classification Taxonomy for Use in Medicine (DICTUM). We categorised decisions into 10 mutually exclusive categories: gathering additional information, evaluating test results, defining problem, drug-related, therapeutic procedure-related, legal and insurance-related, contact-related, advice and precaution, treatment goal, and deferment. Four-coder inter-rater reliability using Krippendorff's α was 0.79. Conclusions DICTUM represents a precise, detailed and comprehensive taxonomy of medical decisions communicated within patient–physician encounters. Compared to previous normative frameworks, the taxonomy is descriptive, substantially broader and offers new categories to the variety of clinical decisions. The taxonomy could prove helpful in studies on the quality of medical work, use of time and resources, and understanding of why, when and how patients are or are not involved in decisions. PMID:26868946
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When, not if: the inescapability of an uncertain climate future.
Ballard, Timothy; Lewandowsky, Stephan
2015-11-28
Climate change projections necessarily involve uncertainty. Analysis of the physics and mathematics of the climate system reveals that greater uncertainty about future temperature increases is nearly always associated with greater expected damages from climate change. In contrast to those normative constraints, uncertainty is frequently cited in public discourse as a reason to delay mitigative action. This failure to understand the actual implications of uncertainty may incur notable future costs. It is therefore important to communicate uncertainty in a way that improves people's understanding of climate change risks. We examined whether responses to projections were influenced by whether the projection emphasized uncertainty in the outcome or in its time of arrival. We presented participants with statements and graphs indicating projected increases in temperature, sea levels, ocean acidification and a decrease in arctic sea ice. In the uncertain-outcome condition, statements reported the upper and lower confidence bounds of the projected outcome at a fixed time point. In the uncertain time-of-arrival condition, statements reported the upper and lower confidence bounds of the projected time of arrival for a fixed outcome. Results suggested that people perceived the threat as more serious and were more likely to encourage mitigative action in the time-uncertain condition than in the outcome-uncertain condition. This finding has implications for effectively communicating the climate change risks to policy-makers and the general public. © 2015 The Author(s).
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15 CFR 748.11 - Statement by Ultimate Consignee and Purchaser.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... ultimate consignee, provided the required statements are contained in Block 24 on the license application... copy submitted by the applicant must be of sufficient quality to ensure all assertions made on the...) Form or letter. The ultimate consignee and purchaser must complete either a statement on company...
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15 CFR 748.11 - Statement by Ultimate Consignee and Purchaser.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... ultimate consignee, provided the required statements are contained in Block 24 on the license application... copy submitted by the applicant must be of sufficient quality to ensure all assertions made on the...) Form or letter. The ultimate consignee and purchaser must complete either a statement on company...
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22 CFR 401.17 - Statement in reply.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Statement in reply. 401.17 Section 401.17 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND CANADA RULES OF PROCEDURE Applications § 401.17 Statement in reply. (a) Except as otherwise provided pursuant to § 410.19, the applicant and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-15
...] Draft Environmental Impact Statement and Draft Habitat Conservation Plan for Oncor Electric Delivery..., announce the availability of the draft environmental impact statement and the draft Oncor Electric Delivery... Oncor Electric Delivery Company, LLC (Applicant; Oncor), and (2) That the Applicant has developed a...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Larasati, Aisyah; Hajji, Apif Miftahul
2017-09-01
Vocational students in Culinary Department is required to mastering the ability on managing restaurant. One of the responsibility of the students while operating a training restaurant is writing financial statements. Most of the time, writing financial statements is the hardest part for students to be conducted in a training restaurant since the students have studied limited theory/courses on that topic. This research aims to explore the improvement of students' ability to write financial statements after the application of interactive worksheet by asking them to solve financial statements case study. This research is an experimental research. Three groups of samples are used in this research, in which each of the group consists of 74 students. The first group consists of the students who solve the case study without using any software/application, the second group solve the case study by using Microsoft excel, and the third group solve the case study by using the interactive worksheet application. The results show that the use of interactive worksheet significantly improve the students ability to solve the financial statement case study either in term of accuracy or time needed to write the financial statement.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-25
...), determined that the proposed project may result in significant impacts to the environment, and that the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) is required. The Applicant proposes to implement a... Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Westbrook Project, Corps Permit Application Number SPK-2005...
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Artes, Paul H; Crabb, David P
2010-01-01
To investigate why the specificity of the Moorfields Regression Analysis (MRA) of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT) varies with disc size, and to derive accurate normative limits for neuroretinal rim area to address this problem. Two datasets from healthy subjects (Manchester, UK, n = 88; Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, n = 75) were used to investigate the physiological relationship between the optic disc and neuroretinal rim area. Normative limits for rim area were derived by quantile regression (QR) and compared with those of the MRA (derived by linear regression). Logistic regression analyses were performed to quantify the association between disc size and positive classifications with the MRA, as well as with the QR-derived normative limits. In both datasets, the specificity of the MRA depended on optic disc size. The odds of observing a borderline or outside-normal-limits classification increased by approximately 10% for each 0.1 mm(2) increase in disc area (P < 0.1). The lower specificity of the MRA with large optic discs could be explained by the failure of linear regression to model the extremes of the rim area distribution (observations far from the mean). In comparison, the normative limits predicted by QR were larger for smaller discs (less specific, more sensitive), and smaller for larger discs, such that false-positive rates became independent of optic disc size. Normative limits derived by quantile regression appear to remove the size-dependence of specificity with the MRA. Because quantile regression does not rely on the restrictive assumptions of standard linear regression, it may be a more appropriate method for establishing normative limits in other clinical applications where the underlying distributions are nonnormal or have nonconstant variance.
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A qualitative analysis of statements on motivation of applicants for medical school.
Wouters, Anouk; Bakker, Anneke H; van Wijk, Inge J; Croiset, Gerda; Kusurkar, Rashmi A
2014-09-23
Selection committees try to ascertain that motivated students are selected for medical school. Self-determination theory stresses that the type of motivation is more important than the quantity of motivation. Autonomous motivation, compared to controlled motivation, in students leads to better learning outcomes. Applicants can express their motivation in written statements, a selection tool which has been found to elicit heterogeneous responses, hampering the comparison of applicants. This study investigates the content of applicants' statements on motivation for medical school in particular, the possibility to distinguish the type of motivation and the differences between selected and non-selected applicants. A thematic analysis was conducted on written statements on motivation (n = 96), collected as a part of the selection procedure for the graduate entry program for medicine and research at our institution. Themes were identified as motivation-related and motivation-unrelated (additional). The motivation-related themes were further classified as autonomous and controlled types of motivation. Group percentages for each theme were compared between selected and non-selected applicants using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Applicants mainly described reasons belonging to autonomous type of motivation and fewer reasons belonging to controlled type of motivation. Additional themes in the statements included previous work experience and academic qualifications, ambitions, expectations and descriptions of the program and profession, personal qualities, and personal history. Applicants used strong words to support their stories. The selected and non-selected applicants did not differ in their types of motivation. Non-selected applicants provided more descriptions of personal history than selected applicants (p < 0.05). The statement on motivation does not appear to distinguish between applicants in selection for medical school. Both selected and non-selected applicants reported mainly autonomous motivation for applying, and included a lot of additional information, which was beyond the scope of what was asked from them. The findings raise a question mark on the validity and reliability of the statement on motivation as a tool for selection. It could however be of added value to enable applicants to tell their story, which they appreciate, and to create awareness of the program, resulting in an informed decision to apply.
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When do normative beliefs about aggression predict aggressive behavior? An application of I3 theory.
Li, Jian-Bin; Nie, Yan-Gang; Boardley, Ian D; Dou, Kai; Situ, Qiao-Min
2015-01-01
I(3) theory assumes that aggressive behavior is dependent on three orthogonal processes (i.e., Instigator, Impellance, and Inhibition). Previous studies showed that Impellance (trait aggressiveness, retaliation tendencies) better predicted aggression when Instigator was strong and Inhibition was weak. In the current study, we predicted that another Impellance (i.e., normative beliefs about aggression) might predict aggression when Instigator was absent and Inhibition was high (i.e., the perfect calm proposition). In two experiments, participants first completed the normative beliefs about aggression questionnaire. Two weeks later, participants' self-control resources were manipulated either using the Stroop task (study 1, N = 148) or through an "e-crossing" task (study 2, N = 180). Afterwards, with or without being provoked, participants played a game with an ostensible partner where they had a chance to aggress against them. Study 1 found that normative beliefs about aggression negatively and significantly predicted aggressive behavior only when provocation was absent and self-control resources were not depleted. In Study 2, normative beliefs about aggression negatively predicted aggressive behavior at marginal significance level only in the "no-provocation and no-depletion" condition. In conclusion, the current study provides partial support for the perfect calm proposition and I(3) theory. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Cranage, Simone; Banwell, Helen; Williams, Cylie M
2016-01-01
Paediatric gait and lower limb assessments are frequently undertaken in podiatry and physiotherapy clinical practice and this is a growing area of expertise within Australia. No concise paediatric standardised recording proforma exists to assist clinicians in clinical practice. The aim of this study was to develop a gait and lower limb standardised recording proforma guided by the literature and consensus, for assessment of the paediatric foot and lower limb in children aged 0-18 years. Expert Australian podiatrists and physiotherapists were invited to participate in a three round Delphi survey panel using the online Qualtrics(©) survey platform. The first round of the survey consisted of open-ended questions on paediatric gait and lower limb assessment developed from existing templates and a literature search of standardised lower limb assessment methods. Rounds two and three consisted of statements developed from the first round responses. Questions and statements were included in the final proforma if 70 % or more of the participants indicated consensus or agreement with the assessment method and if there was support within the literature for paediatric age-specific normative data with acceptable reliability of outcome measures. There were 17 of the 21 (81 %) participants who completed three rounds of the survey. Consensus was achieved for 41 statements in Round one, 54 statements achieved agreement in two subsequent rounds. Participants agreed on 95 statements relating to birth history, developmental history, hip measurement, rotation of the lower limb, ankle range of motion, foot posture, balance and gait. Assessments with acceptable validity and reliability were included within the final Gait and Lower Limb Observation of Paediatrics (GALLOP) proforma. The GALLOP proforma is a consensus based, systematic and standardised way to collect information and outcome measures in paediatric lower limb assessment. This standardised recording proforma will assist professions to collect information in a standardised format based on best evidence assessment methods whilst aiding consistency in communication between health professionals.
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Veterinary service missions and good governance.
Brückner, G K
2012-08-01
The rationale for the existence of official Veterinary Services (VS) has seldom been under such intensive public scrutiny as over the past two decades when the world has been confronted with outbreaks of major animal diseases that have posed a potential threat not only to human health but also to animal health and national food security. The mere existence of VS is not enough. The mission statement of the VS can no longer be cast in stone but needs to adapt and be amended continually to cope with new demands. The ability to ensure not only acceptance but also sustainability of the delivery of VS as a global public good, thereby demonstrating good governance, is becoming and will remain a challenge in terms of keeping it a non-rivalrous and non-excludable service to a demanding public clientele. Mission statements to improve the health and welfare of animals will, however, remain no more than noble normative statements of intent if further refinement on how this should be done and governed is not encompassed in the strategic plans, vision and goals of the Veterinary Authority. They will also remain but noble statements if cognisance is not taken of the increased sensitivity, nationally and internationally, around animal welfare issues during transport, movement, housing, treatment and slaughter of animals and if this sensitivity is not reflected or addressed in national animal health and veterinary public health legislation. The author describes some of the ways in which currently accepted critical functions of the VS need to change to demonstrate good governance and respond to the challenges of new or amended missions in order to meet the demands of an ever-changing VS environment.
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Diversity Statements: How Faculty Applicants Address Diversity
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schmaling, Karen B.; Trevino, Amira Y.; Lind, Justin R.; Blume, Arthur W.; Baker, Dana L.
2015-01-01
The purpose of the present study was to examine application materials for assistant professor positions in 3 academic disciplines. Applicants were asked to write a diversity statement describing how they would advance diversity through their research, teaching, and service. The sample included application materials submitted by 191 candidates for…
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10 CFR 60.24 - Updating of application and environmental impact statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Updating of application and environmental impact statement. 60.24 Section 60.24 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) DISPOSAL OF HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTES IN GEOLOGIC REPOSITORIES Licenses License Applications § 60.24 Updating of application and...
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47 CFR 5.57 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Who may sign applications. 5.57 Section 5.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE Applications and Licenses § 5... statements are true. (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of fact need be...
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47 CFR 5.57 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Who may sign applications. 5.57 Section 5.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE Applications and Licenses § 5... statements are true. (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of fact need be...
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Kumwenda, Ben; Dowell, Jon; Husbands, Adrian
2013-07-01
The assessment of non-academic achievements through the personal statement remains part of the selection process at most UK medical and dental schools. Such statement offers applicants an opportunity to highlight their non-academic achievements, but the highly competitive nature of the process may tempt them to exaggerate their accomplishments. The challenge is that selectors cannot discern applicants' exaggerated claims from genuine accounts and the system risks preferentially selecting dishonest applicants. To explore the level and perception of deception on UCAS personal statements among applicants to medical and dental schools. To investigate the association between attitudes towards deception and various other demographic variables and cognitive ability via the UKCAT. An online survey was completed with first year students from six UK medical schools and one dental school. Questionnaire items were classified into three categories involving individual acts, how they suspect their peers behave, and overall perceptions of personal statements to influence the selection process. Descriptive statistics were used to investigate responses to questionnaire items. t-Tests were used to investigate the relationship between items, demographic variables and cognitive ability. Candidates recognized that putting fraudulent information or exaggerating one's experience on UCAS personal statement was dishonest; however there is a widespread belief that their peers do it. Female respondents and those with a higher UKCAT score were more likely to condemn deceptive practices. The existing selection process is open to abuse and may benefit dishonest applicants. Admission systems should consider investing in systems that can pursue traceable information that applicants provide, and nullify the application should it contain fraudulent information.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-20
... Medical--Comparative Health Statement)) Activity: Comment Request AGENCY: Veterans Benefits Administration... Form 29-352, and Application for Reinstatement (Non Medical--Comparative Health Statement), Government...
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22 CFR 216.7 - Environmental impact statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Environmental impact statements. 216.7 Section... Environmental impact statements. (a) Applicability. An Environmental Impact Statement shall be prepared when agency actions significantly affect: (1) The global environment or areas outside the jurisdiction of any...
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7 CFR 4280.140 - Financial statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial statements. 4280.140 Section 4280.140... Efficiency Improvements Program Section B. Guaranteed Loans § 4280.140 Financial statements. (a) The... financial statements, at its sole discretion when the Agency is concerned about the applicant's credit risk. ...
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Natural Good Theories and the Value of Human Dignity.
Muders, Sebastian
2016-04-01
One of the widely recognized facts about human dignity is its vastly divergent applicability-from highly controversial issues in bioethics to broader topics in political philosophy. A group of theories that this article subsumes under the header "natural good theories" appears to be especially fitted for normatively multifaceted notions like dignity. However, the heavy normative weight the concept of dignity has to bear due to the central position it occupies within these theories creates its own difficulties. As is shown in a discussion of Martha Nussbaum's capability conception of dignity, dignity appears to be unable to mirror the special normative relevance people want to assign to it in cases of great moral misconduct. The article provides a suggestion on how to solve this problem by means of paradigmatic cases that work as material constraints regarding the exact boundaries of dignity violations.
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47 CFR 5.57 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Who may sign applications. 5.57 Section 5.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE (OTHER THAN BROADCAST... such statements are true. (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of...
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47 CFR 5.57 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Who may sign applications. 5.57 Section 5.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE (OTHER THAN BROADCAST... such statements are true. (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of...
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47 CFR 5.57 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Who may sign applications. 5.57 Section 5.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION GENERAL EXPERIMENTAL RADIO SERVICE (OTHER THAN BROADCAST... such statements are true. (c) Only the original of applications, amendments, or related statements of...
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Opinions from the Front Lines of Cat Colony Management Conflict
Peterson, M. Nils; Hartis, Brett; Rodriguez, Shari; Green, Matthew; Lepczyk, Christopher A.
2012-01-01
Outdoor cats represent a global threat to terrestrial vertebrate conservation, but management has been rife with conflict due to differences in views of the problem and appropriate responses to it. To evaluate these differences we conducted a survey of opinions about outdoor cats and their management with two contrasting stakeholder groups, cat colony caretakers (CCCs) and bird conservation professionals (BCPs) across the United States. Group opinions were polarized, for both normative statements (CCCs supported treating feral cats as protected wildlife and using trap neuter and release [TNR] and BCPs supported treating feral cats as pests and using euthanasia) and empirical statements. Opinions also were related to gender, age, and education, with females and older respondents being less likely than their counterparts to support treating feral cats as pests, and females being less likely than males to support euthanasia. Most CCCs held false beliefs about the impacts of feral cats on wildlife and the impacts of TNR (e.g., 9% believed feral cats harmed bird populations, 70% believed TNR eliminates cat colonies, and 18% disagreed with the statement that feral cats filled the role of native predators). Only 6% of CCCs believed feral cats carried diseases. To the extent the beliefs held by CCCs are rooted in lack of knowledge and mistrust, rather than denial of directly observable phenomenon, the conservation community can manage these conflicts more productively by bringing CCCs into the process of defining data collection methods, defining study/management locations, and identifying common goals related to caring for animals. PMID:22970269
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22 CFR 216.7 - Environmental impact statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Environmental impact statements. 216.7 Section... Environmental impact statements. (a) Applicability. An Environmental Impact Statement shall be prepared when... nation (e.g., the oceans); (2) The environment of the United States; or (3) Other aspects of the...
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22 CFR 216.7 - Environmental impact statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Environmental impact statements. 216.7 Section... Environmental impact statements. (a) Applicability. An Environmental Impact Statement shall be prepared when... nation (e.g., the oceans); (2) The environment of the United States; or (3) Other aspects of the...
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22 CFR 216.7 - Environmental impact statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Environmental impact statements. 216.7 Section... Environmental impact statements. (a) Applicability. An Environmental Impact Statement shall be prepared when... nation (e.g., the oceans); (2) The environment of the United States; or (3) Other aspects of the...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... such statement is the only employer paying the employee remuneration in the form of group-term life... director may grant an extension of time not exceeding 30 days in which to furnish such statements. The application shall be addressed to the district director with whom the income tax returns of the applicant are...
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Clinical Application of Standardized Cognitive Assessment Using fMRI. I. Matrix Reasoning
Allen, Mark D.; Fong, Alina K.
2008-01-01
Functional MRI is increasingly recognized for its potential as a powerful new tool in clinical neuropsychology. This is likely due to the fact that, with some degree of innovation, it is possible to convert practically any familiar cognitive test into one that can be performed in the MRI scanning environment. However, like any assessment approach, meaningful interpretation of fMRI data for the purpose of patient evaluation crucially requires normative data derived from a sample of unimpaired persons, against which individual patients may be compared. Currently, no such normative data are available for any fMRI-based cognitive testing protocol. In this paper, we report the first of a series of fMRI-compatible cognitive assessment protocols, a matrix reasoning test (f-MRT), for which normative samples of functional activation have been collected from unimpaired control subjects and structured in a manner that makes individual patient evaluation possible in terms of familiar z-score distributions. Practical application of the f-MRT is demonstrated via a contrastive case-study of two individuals with cognitive impairment in which fMRI data identifies subtleties in patient deficits otherwise missed by conventional measures of performance. PMID:19641250
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24 CFR 3500.21 - Mortgage servicing transfers.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... Statement; Delivery. The lender, table funding mortgage broker, or dealer that anticipates a first lien... application by hand delivery, by placing it in the mail, or, if the applicant agrees, by fax, e-mail, or other... disclosure statement is required to be delivered. If co-applicants indicate the same address on their...
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Owen, Lysa E; Anderson, Stephanie Ann; Dowell, Johnathan S
2018-04-02
Medical schools globally are encouraged to widen access and participation for students from less privileged backgrounds. Many strategies have been implemented to address this inequality, but much still needs to be done to ensure fair access for all. In the literature, adverse circumstances include financial issues, poor educational experience and lack of professional-status parents. In order to take account of adverse circumstances faced by applicants, The University of Dundee School of Medicine offers applicants the opportunity to report circumstances which may have resulted in disadvantage. Applicants do this by completing a free text statement, known as an 'adversity statement', in addition to the other application information. This study analysed adversity statements submitted by applicants during two admissions cycles. Analysis of content and theme was done to identify the information applicants wished to be taken into consideration, and what range of adverse circumstances individuals reported. This study used a qualitative approach with thematic analysis to categorise the adversity statements. The data was initially analysed to create a coding framework which was then applied to the whole data set. Each coded segment was then analysed for heterogeneity and homogeneity, segments merged into generated themes, or to create sub-themes. The data set comprised a total of 384 adversity statements. These showed a wide range of detail involving family, personal health, education and living circumstances. Some circumstances, such as geographical location, have been identified and explored in previous research, while others, such as long term health conditions, have had less attention in the literature. The degree of impact, the length of statement and degree of detail, demonstrated wide variation between submissions. This study adds to the debate on best practice in contextual admissions and raises awareness of the range of circumstances and impact applicants wish to be considered. The themes which emerged from the data included family, school, personal health, and geographical location issues. Descriptions of the degree of impact that an adverse circumstance had on educational or other attainment was found to vary substantially from statements indicating minor, impact through to circumstances stated as causing major impact.
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17 CFR 210.3A-01 - Application of § 210.3A-01 to § 210.3A-05.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... Financial Statements § 210.3A-01 Application of § 210.3A-01 to § 210.3A-05. Sections 210.3A-01 to 210.3A-05 shall govern the presentation of consolidated and combined financial statements. [44 FR 19386, Apr. 3... COMMISSION FORM AND CONTENT OF AND REQUIREMENTS FOR FINANCIAL STATEMENTS, SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... security holders, proxy statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy...(e)(1) (with respect to annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet..., information statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... security holders, proxy statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy...(e)(1) (with respect to annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet..., information statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... security holders, proxy statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy...(e)(1) (with respect to annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet..., information statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... security holders, proxy statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy...(e)(1) (with respect to annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet..., information statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... security holders, proxy statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy...(e)(1) (with respect to annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet..., information statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants...
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78 FR 61448 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Forms 1120-L and SCHM-3
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-03
... statements and reconciles financial statement net income (loss) for the corporation (or consolidated financial statement group, if applicable), to net income (loss) of the corporation for U.S. taxable income purposes. Schedule M-3, Parts II and III, reconcile financial statement net income (loss) for the U.S...
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Formal ontologies in biomedical knowledge representation.
Schulz, S; Jansen, L
2013-01-01
Medical decision support and other intelligent applications in the life sciences depend on increasing amounts of digital information. Knowledge bases as well as formal ontologies are being used to organize biomedical knowledge and data. However, these two kinds of artefacts are not always clearly distinguished. Whereas the popular RDF(S) standard provides an intuitive triple-based representation, it is semantically weak. Description logics based ontology languages like OWL-DL carry a clear-cut semantics, but they are computationally expensive, and they are often misinterpreted to encode all kinds of statements, including those which are not ontological. We distinguish four kinds of statements needed to comprehensively represent domain knowledge: universal statements, terminological statements, statements about particulars and contingent statements. We argue that the task of formal ontologies is solely to represent universal statements, while the non-ontological kinds of statements can nevertheless be connected with ontological representations. To illustrate these four types of representations, we use a running example from parasitology. We finally formulate recommendations for semantically adequate ontologies that can efficiently be used as a stable framework for more context-dependent biomedical knowledge representation and reasoning applications like clinical decision support systems.
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49 CFR 22.41 - Application procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... local taxes are current; business tax returns; business financial statements; personal income tax returns; personal financial statements; schedule of work in progress; signed and dated copy of... approval memo and analysis and other third-party credit verifications obtained. (c) Application packages...
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76 FR 68225 - License Renewal Application for Purdue University
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-03
... each contention, the petitioner must provide a specific statement of the issue of law or fact to be... response to the application. The petition must also include a concise statement of the alleged facts or... exists with the applicant on a material issue of law or fact, including references to specific portions...
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Uncertain deduction and conditional reasoning.
Evans, Jonathan St B T; Thompson, Valerie A; Over, David E
2015-01-01
There has been a paradigm shift in the psychology of deductive reasoning. Many researchers no longer think it is appropriate to ask people to assume premises and decide what necessarily follows, with the results evaluated by binary extensional logic. Most every day and scientific inference is made from more or less confidently held beliefs and not assumptions, and the relevant normative standard is Bayesian probability theory. We argue that the study of "uncertain deduction" should directly ask people to assign probabilities to both premises and conclusions, and report an experiment using this method. We assess this reasoning by two Bayesian metrics: probabilistic validity and coherence according to probability theory. On both measures, participants perform above chance in conditional reasoning, but they do much better when statements are grouped as inferences, rather than evaluated in separate tasks.
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PRN 93-8: Labeling Statement Prohibiting Application to Water; Amendment to PR Notice 93-3
This notice adds one paragraph to P.R. Notice 93-3, which requested registrants to amend product labeling to include a new labeling statement prohibiting application of a pesticide to water for certain products.
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Moloney, Gail; Hayman, Jane; Gamble, Marguerite; Smith, Geoff; Hall, Rob
2017-06-01
Retaining blood donors is a cost-effective way of ensuring a safe blood supply, yet despite the plethora of research, only 5.1% of the eligible population in Australia donate blood and 40% of these do not make a second donation. We offer an alternative to traditional approaches by conceptualizing blood donation within social representations theory as socially derived symbolic knowledge with a specific focus on cognitive polyphasia and Guimelli's (1998) normative and functional dimensions. An online survey, completed by 703 residents from NSW Australia, comprised a blood donation word association task, Likert-style questions constructed from previous word association data and contextualized blood donation statements. Individual difference scaling analysis revealed all donor groups (including non-donors) associated blood donation with a few central, albeit contradictory ideas/beliefs. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis performed on a split data set of the Likert-style items reiterated this finding. Interpreted through Guimelli's dichotomy, all donor groups were aware of these contradictory normative and functional ideas/beliefs but when explicitly asked, it was the functional aspect that differentiated the groups. We argue the key to retaining donors is understanding the interdependence between how blood donation is socially understood at the societal level of discourse and donor behaviour. Translational strategies for recruitment and retention are discussed. © 2017 The British Psychological Society.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-06-10
... the South Gillette Area West Coal Creek Coal Lease-by-Application, Wyoming AGENCY: Bureau of Land... Decision (ROD) for the West Coal Creek Coal Lease-by- Application (LBA) included in the South Gillette Area Coal Lease Applications Final Environmental Impact Statement (EIS). ADDRESSES: The document is...
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40 CFR 86.1807-01 - Vehicle labeling.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... statement: “This Vehicle Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-Fueled 20XX Model Year New Motor... Applicable to XXX-Fueled 20XX Model Year New Light-Duty Trucks.” (C) For medium-duty passenger vehicles, the statement: “This Vehicle Conforms to U.S. EPA Regulations Applicable to XXX-fueled 20XX Model Year New...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-03-19
..., the petitioner must provide a specific statement of the issue of law or fact to be raised or... application. The petition must also include a concise statement of the alleged facts or expert opinions which... applicant on a material issue of law or fact, including references to specific portions of the application...
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7 CFR 1720.6 - Application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... able to repay the guaranteed bonds in accordance with their terms; (5) Consolidated financial... certified public accountant, including any associated notes, as well as any interim financial statements and... pledged to assure the applicant's performance under, the guarantee agreement; (3) A statement by the...
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PRN 2001-X Draft: Spray and Dust Drift Label Statements for Pesticide Products
This Notice sets forth the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA or Agency) draft guidance for labeling statements for controlling spray drift and dust drift from application sites and for implementing these statements for risk mitigation.
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13 CFR 400.205 - Application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... appropriate environmental site assessments, and current personal and corporate financial statements of any... statements of guarantors shall be prepared by independent Certified Public Accountants; (8) Consolidated financial statements of the Borrower for the previous three years that have been audited by an independent...
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Behavioral Economics and the Public Acceptance of Synthetic Biology.
Oliver, Adam
2018-01-01
Different applications of synthetic biology are alike in that their possible negative consequences are highly uncertain, potentially catastrophic, and perhaps irreversible; therefore, they are also alike in that public attitudes about them are fertile ground for behavioral economic phenomena. Findings from behavioral economics suggest that people may not respond to such applications according to the normal rules of economic evaluation, by which the value of an outcome is multiplied by the mathematical probability that the outcome will occur. Possibly, then, synthetic biology applications challenge the normative postulates of the standard approach, too. I want to first consider how some of the phenomena described by behavioral economists-and behavioral scientists more broadly-might affect people's perceptions of the uncertainties associated with synthetic biology. My analysis will be far from complete, however, because behavioral economics is essentially the study of human behavior, and thus its reach is potentially vast and its development longstanding and ongoing. Nonetheless, I hope to give an indicative perspective on how some aspects of behavioral economics might affect the assessment and perceived acceptability of synthetic biology. I will then consider the issue of agency. Should policy-makers respect people's reactions to synthetic biology when those reactions are known to be driven by behavioral economic phenomena rather than following the normative postulates of rational choice theory? Or should policy-makers dismiss these reactions as inherently biased? I will argue that the normative force of these human reactions (probably) depends on phenomenon and context. © 2018 The Hastings Center.
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Merrill, Jennifer E; Miller, Mary Beth; Balestrieri, Sara G; Carey, Kate B
2016-07-01
Injunctive norms feedback is promising but understudied as a component of college drinking interventions. The aim of the present study was to demonstrate acceptability of injunctive norms feedback delivered to college drinkers via the web. We examined subjective interest in information reflecting peer approval of four sets of drinking behaviors and outcomes, and correlates of interest in the normative feedback. A sample of 221 young adults enrolled in a 2- or 4-year college or university (ages 18-25 years; 52% female) completed online surveys in which they were asked to rate their interest in each of 11 injunctive norms statements. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four sets of statements regarding peer approval of (a) intoxicated behaviors, (b) safe drinking strategies, (c) drinking-related consequences, and (d) drinking behaviors of potential partners. All items were framed to reflect disapproval of risky behaviors and approval of protective behaviors. Across norm sets, participants found the items to be moderately interesting and interest ratings did not differ across sets. Higher scores on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), stronger perceived approval of drinking in general (injunctive norms), stronger perceptions of drinking among peers (descriptive norms), and female gender were bivariately correlated with more interest. In a multiple regression, female gender, higher AUDIT (consequence subscale), and stronger general drinking injunctive norms remained significantly associated with interest in the pro-moderation statements. An important future direction is to determine whether the presentation of specific types of injunctive norms feedback can result in downward changes in drinking behavior. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Karamanian, Andre
2013-01-01
This qualitative, exploratory, normative study examined the security and privacy of location based services in mobile applications. This study explored risk, and controls to implement privacy and security. This study was addressed using components of the FIPS Risk Management Framework. This study found that risk to location information was…
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Ofstad, Eirik H; Frich, Jan C; Schei, Edvin; Frankel, Richard M; Gulbrandsen, Pål
2016-02-11
The medical literature lacks a comprehensive taxonomy of decisions made by physicians in medical encounters. Such a taxonomy might be useful in understanding the physician-centred, patient-centred and shared decision-making in clinical settings. We aimed to identify and classify all decisions emerging in conversations between patients and physicians. Qualitative study of video recorded patient-physician encounters. 380 patients in consultations with 59 physicians from 17 clinical specialties and three different settings (emergency room, ward round, outpatient clinic) in a Norwegian teaching hospital. A randomised sample of 30 encounters from internal medicine was used to identify and classify decisions, a maximum variation sample of 20 encounters was used for reliability assessments, and the remaining encounters were analysed to test for applicability across specialties. On the basis of physician statements in our material, we developed a taxonomy of clinical decisions--the Decision Identification and Classification Taxonomy for Use in Medicine (DICTUM). We categorised decisions into 10 mutually exclusive categories: gathering additional information, evaluating test results, defining problem, drug-related, therapeutic procedure-related, legal and insurance-related, contact-related, advice and precaution, treatment goal, and deferment. Four-coder inter-rater reliability using Krippendorff's α was 0.79. DICTUM represents a precise, detailed and comprehensive taxonomy of medical decisions communicated within patient-physician encounters. Compared to previous normative frameworks, the taxonomy is descriptive, substantially broader and offers new categories to the variety of clinical decisions. The taxonomy could prove helpful in studies on the quality of medical work, use of time and resources, and understanding of why, when and how patients are or are not involved in decisions. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/
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48 CFR 36.601-3 - Applicable contracting procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... Services 36.601-3 Applicable contracting procedures. (a)(1) For facility design contracts, the statement of work shall require that the architect-engineer specify, in the construction design specifications, use..., availability, price reasonableness, and cost-effectiveness. Where appropriate, the statement of work also shall...
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78 FR 53478 - Proposed Information Collection; United States Park Police Personal History Statement
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-29
...] Proposed Information Collection; United States Park Police Personal History Statement AGENCY: National Park... Police Personal History Statement) to collect detailed personal history information from applicants... information, including financial data and residence history. Selective Service information and military data...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ding, Huiling
2007-01-01
Despite the important role the personal statement plays in the graduate school application processes, little research has been done on its functional features and little instruction has been given about it in academic writing courses. The author conducted a multi-level discourse analysis on a corpus of 30 medical/dental school application letters,…
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Enhancing Clients' Communication Regarding Goals for Using Psychiatric Medications.
Deegan, Patricia E; Carpenter-Song, Elizabeth; Drake, Robert E; Naslund, John A; Luciano, Alison; Hutchison, Shari L
2017-08-01
Discordance between psychiatric care providers' and clients' goals for medication treatment is prevalent and is a barrier to person-centered care. Power statements-short self-advocacy statements prepared by clients in response to a two-part template-offer a novel approach to help clients clarify and communicate their personal goals for using psychiatric medications. This study described the power statement method and examined a sample of power statements to understand clients' goals for medication treatment. More than 17,000 adults with serious mental illness at 69 public mental health clinics had the option to develop power statements by using a Web application located in the clinic waiting areas. A database query determined the percentage of clients who entered power statements into the Web application. The authors examined textual data from a random sample of 300 power statements by using content analysis. Nearly 14,000 (79%) clients developed power statements. Of the 277 statements in the sample deemed appropriate for content analysis, 272 statements had responses to the first part of the template and 230 had responses to the second part. Clients wanted psychiatric medications to help control symptoms in the service of improving functioning. Common goals for taking psychiatric medications (N=230 statements) were to enhance relationships (51%), well-being (32%), self-sufficiency (23%), employment (19%), hobbies (15%), and self-improvement (10%). People with serious mental illness typically viewed medications as a means to pursue meaningful life goals. Power statements appear to be a simple and scalable technique to enhance clients' communication of their goals for psychiatric medication treatment.
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7 CFR 4279.161 - Filing preapplications and applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... loss statement not more than 90 days old and financial statements for the borrower and any parent... list of assumptions showing the basis for the projections. (8) Lender's complete written analysis... statements, with appropriate ratios and comparisons with industrial standards (such as Dun & Bradstreet or...
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7 CFR 4279.161 - Filing preapplications and applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... loss statement not more than 90 days old and financial statements for the borrower and any parent... list of assumptions showing the basis for the projections. (8) Lender's complete written analysis... statements, with appropriate ratios and comparisons with industrial standards (such as Dun & Bradstreet or...
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7 CFR 4279.161 - Filing preapplications and applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... loss statement not more than 90 days old and financial statements for the borrower and any parent... list of assumptions showing the basis for the projections. (8) Lender's complete written analysis... statements, with appropriate ratios and comparisons with industrial standards (such as Dun & Bradstreet or...
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7 CFR 4279.161 - Filing preapplications and applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... loss statement not more than 90 days old and financial statements for the borrower and any parent... list of assumptions showing the basis for the projections. (8) Lender's complete written analysis... statements, with appropriate ratios and comparisons with industrial standards (such as Dun & Bradstreet or...
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43 CFR 3430.3-2 - Environmental analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... Juan Regional Coal Environmental Impact Statement (March 1984), the Savery Coal EIS (July 1983), and... impact statement on the application. (b) The environmental analysis may be conducted in conjunction with and included as part of the environmental impact statement required for coal activity planning under...
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43 CFR 3430.3-2 - Environmental analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... Juan Regional Coal Environmental Impact Statement (March 1984), the Savery Coal EIS (July 1983), and... impact statement on the application. (b) The environmental analysis may be conducted in conjunction with and included as part of the environmental impact statement required for coal activity planning under...
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43 CFR 3430.3-2 - Environmental analysis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... Juan Regional Coal Environmental Impact Statement (March 1984), the Savery Coal EIS (July 1983), and... impact statement on the application. (b) The environmental analysis may be conducted in conjunction with and included as part of the environmental impact statement required for coal activity planning under...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... by applicators determined by each state to be competent in pesticide application and the human health... not apply to those pesticide products intended for public health uses which are required or... pesticides-purchaser acknowledgement statements. 168.75 Section 168.75 Protection of Environment...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... by applicators determined by each state to be competent in pesticide application and the human health... not apply to those pesticide products intended for public health uses which are required or... pesticides-purchaser acknowledgement statements. 168.75 Section 168.75 Protection of Environment...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... by applicators determined by each state to be competent in pesticide application and the human health... not apply to those pesticide products intended for public health uses which are required or... pesticides-purchaser acknowledgement statements. 168.75 Section 168.75 Protection of Environment...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... by applicators determined by each state to be competent in pesticide application and the human health... not apply to those pesticide products intended for public health uses which are required or... pesticides-purchaser acknowledgement statements. 168.75 Section 168.75 Protection of Environment...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... by applicators determined by each state to be competent in pesticide application and the human health... not apply to those pesticide products intended for public health uses which are required or... pesticides-purchaser acknowledgement statements. 168.75 Section 168.75 Protection of Environment...
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29 CFR 2.3 - Consent of the Secretary.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Secretary or his duly authorized representative may be obtained as follows: The applicant shall file an... desires to appear, and (c) Contain a statement to the effect that the applicant gave no personal... statements contained therein are disproved by an examination of the files, records, and circumstances...
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Cullen, Michael W; Reed, Darcy A; Halvorsen, Andrew J; Wittich, Christopher M; Kreuziger, Lisa M Baumann; Keddis, Mira T; McDonald, Furman S; Beckman, Thomas J
2011-03-01
To determine whether standardized admissions data in residents' Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) submissions were associated with multisource assessments of professionalism during internship. ERAS applications for all internal medicine interns (N=191) at Mayo Clinic entering training between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008, were reviewed by 6 raters. Extracted data included United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, medicine clerkship grades, class rank, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, advanced degrees, awards, volunteer activities, research experiences, first author publications, career choice, and red flags in performance evaluations. Medical school reputation was quantified using U.S. News & World Report rankings. Strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (0 = no comparative statement, 1 = equal to peers, 2 = top 20%, 3 = top 10% or "best") were also recorded. Validated multisource professionalism scores (5-point scales) were obtained for each intern. Associations between application variables and professionalism scores were examined using linear regression. The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) professionalism score was 4.09 ± 0.31 (2.13-4.56). In multivariate analysis, professionalism scores were positively associated with mean strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β = 0.13; P = .002). No other associations between ERAS application variables and professionalism scores were found. Comparative statements in recommendation letters for internal medicine residency applicants were associated with professionalism scores during internship. Other variables traditionally examined when selecting residents were not associated with professionalism. These findings suggest that faculty physicians' direct observations, as reflected in letters of recommendation, are useful indicators of what constitutes a best student. Residency selection committees should scrutinize applicants' letters for strongly favorable comparative statements.
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Textual Analysis of General Surgery Residency Personal Statements: Topics and Gender Differences.
Ostapenko, Laura; Schonhardt-Bailey, Cheryl; Sublette, Jessica Walling; Smink, Douglas S; Osman, Nora Y
Applicants to US general surgery residency training programs submit standardized applications. Applicants use the personal statement to express their individual rationale for a career in surgery. Our research explores common topics and gender differences within the personal statements of general surgery applicants. We analyzed the electronic residency application service personal statements of 578 applicants (containing 3,82,405 words) from Liaison Committee on Medical Education-accredited medical schools to a single ACGME-accredited general surgery program using an automated textual analysis program to identify common topics and gender differences. Using a recursive algorithm, the program identified common words and clusters, grouping them into topic classes, which are internally validated. We identified and labeled 8 statistically significant topic classes through independent review: "my story," "the art of surgery," "clinical vignettes," "why I love surgery," "residency program characteristics," "working as a team," "academics and research," and "global health and policy." Although some classes were common to all applications, we also identified gender-specific differences. Notably, women were significantly more likely than men to be represented within the class of "working as a team." (p < 0.01) Furthermore, men were significantly more likely than women to be represented within the class of "clinical vignettes" (p < 0.01). Applying textual analysis to a national cohort, we identified common narrative topics in the personal statements of aspiring general surgeons, noting differences between the statements of men and women. Women were more likely to discuss surgery as a team endeavor while men were more likely to focus on the details of their surgical experiences. Our work mirrors what has been found in social psychology research on gender-based differences in how men and women communicate their career goals and aspirations in other competitive professional situations. Copyright © 2017 Association of Program Directors in Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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14 CFR 21.53 - Statement of conformity.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... conformity (FAA Form 317) to the Administrator for each aircraft engine and propeller presented to the... engine or propeller conforms to the type design therefor. (b) Each applicant must submit a statement of... statement that each aircraft engine or propeller presented for type certification conforms to its type...
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Marking Closely or on the Bench?: An Australian's Benchmark Statement.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jones, Roy
2000-01-01
Reviews the benchmark statements of the Quality Assurance Agency for Higher Education in the United Kingdom. Examines the various sections within the benchmark. States that in terms of emphasizing the positive attributes of the geography discipline the statements have wide utility and applicability. (CMK)
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21 CFR 347.60 - Labeling of permitted combinations of active ingredients.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... sections of the applicable OTC drug monographs. For a combination drug product that does not have an... combination, as established in the statement of identity sections of the applicable OTC drug monographs. (b... monographs, unless otherwise stated in this paragraph (b). Other truthful and nonmisleading statements...
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21 CFR 347.60 - Labeling of permitted combinations of active ingredients.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... sections of the applicable OTC drug monographs. For a combination drug product that does not have an... combination, as established in the statement of identity sections of the applicable OTC drug monographs. (b... monographs, unless otherwise stated in this paragraph (b). Other truthful and nonmisleading statements...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or incorrect statements. 60.33 Section 60.33 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or incorrect statements. 60.33 Section 60.33 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or incorrect statements. 60.33 Section 60.33 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or incorrect statements. 60.33 Section 60.33 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Applications, logbooks, reports, and records: Fraud, falsification, or incorrect statements. 60.33 Section 60.33 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIRMEN FLIGHT SIMULATION TRAINING DEVICE...
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12 CFR Appendix C to Part 202 - Sample Notification Forms
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... Taken and Statement of Reasons Statement of Credit Denial, Termination or Change Date: Applicant's Name... report. Your credit score can change, depending on how the information in your consumer report changes..., national origin, sex, marital status, age (provided the applicant has the capacity to enter into a binding...
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12 CFR 563c.101 - Application of this subpart.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 563c.101 Banks and Banking OFFICE OF THRIFT SUPERVISION, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ACCOUNTING REQUIREMENTS Financial Statement Presentation § 563c.101 Application of this subpart. This subpart contains rules pertaining to the form and content of financial statements included as part of: (a) A conversion...
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38 CFR 36.4352 - Authority to close loans on the automatic basis.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... reviewed and approved by the underwriter. (4) Financial requirements. Each application must include the most recent annual financial statement audited and certified by a certified public accountant (CPA). If the date of the annual financial statement precedes that of the application by more than six months...
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Faunce, Thomas Alured; Nasu, Hitoshi
2009-06-01
The United Nations Scientific, Education, and Cultural Organization Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights (UDBHR) expresses in its title and substance a controversial linkage of two normative systems: international human rights law and bioethics. The UDBHR has the status of what is known as a "nonbinding" declaration under public international law. The UDBHR's foundation within bioethics (and association, e.g., with virtue-based or principlist bioethical theories) is more problematic. Nonetheless, the UDBHR contains socially important principles of technology transfer and transnational benefit (articles 14, 15, and 21). This paper is one of the first to explore how the disciplines of bioethics and international human rights law may interact in the UDBHR to advance the policy relevance and health impact of such principles. It investigates their normative ancestry in the UDBHR, as well as relevant conceptual differences between bioethics and public international law in this respect, and how these may be relevant to their conceptual evolution and application.
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Christian, Julie; Armitage, Christopher J; Abrams, Dominic
2007-09-01
This article reports findings from two studies (N = 88, N = 100) using Ajzen's theory of planned behaviour (TPB) to predict homeless people's uptake of service programmes. Study 1 was conducted with an opportunity sample whereas Study 2 employed a representative sample. Both studies provide support for the application of the TPB, and demonstrate that the effects of demographic characteristics on behaviour were mediated by TPB variables. The discussion focuses on the role of attitudinal and normative components in actual behaviour, and on the potential role of social normative processes and stigmatization in homeless people's uptake of services.
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The all-too-flexible abductive method: ATOM's normative status.
Romeijn, Jan-Willem
2008-09-01
The author discusses the abductive theory of method (ATOM) by Brian Haig from a philosophical perspective, connecting his theory with a number of issues and trends in contemporary philosophy of science. It is argued that as it stands, the methodology presented by Haig is too permissive. Both the use of analogical reasoning and the application of exploratory factor analysis leave us with too many candidate theories to choose from, and explanatory coherence cannot be expected to save the day. The author ends with some suggestions to remedy the permissiveness and lack of normative force in ATOM, deriving from the experimental practice within which psychological data are produced.
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12 CFR 500.6 - General statement concerning gender-related terminology.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2013-01-01 2012-01-01 true General statement concerning gender-related... Supervision § 500.6 General statement concerning gender-related terminology. The statutes administered by the... inadvertently use or contain gender-related terminology are to be interpreted as equally applicable to either...
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12 CFR 500.6 - General statement concerning gender-related terminology.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General statement concerning gender-related... Supervision § 500.6 General statement concerning gender-related terminology. The statutes administered by the... inadvertently use or contain gender-related terminology are to be interpreted as equally applicable to either...
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12 CFR 500.6 - General statement concerning gender-related terminology.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2014-01-01 2012-01-01 true General statement concerning gender-related... Supervision § 500.6 General statement concerning gender-related terminology. The statutes administered by the... inadvertently use or contain gender-related terminology are to be interpreted as equally applicable to either...
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22 CFR 401.16 - Statement in response.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Statement in response. 401.16 Section 401.16 Foreign Relations INTERNATIONAL JOINT COMMISSION, UNITED STATES AND CANADA RULES OF PROCEDURE Applications § 401.16 Statement in response. (a) Except as otherwise provided pursuant to § 410.19, a Government and...
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36 CFR 902.02 - Statement of policy.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Statement of policy. 902.02 Section 902.02 Parks, Forests, and Public Property PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT Applicability and Policy § 902.02 Statement of policy. In keeping with the spirit of the...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-30
... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5607-N-14] Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Personal Financial and Credit Statement AGENCY: Office of the... Proposal: Personal Financial and Credit Statement. OMB Control Number, if applicable: 2502-0001...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-02
... Proposed Information Collection to OMB Financial Statement of Corporate Applicant for Cooperative Housing.... This notice also lists the following information: Title of Proposal: Financial Statement of Corporate... which HUD determines the cooperative member and group capacity to meet the financial requirements of a...
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17 CFR 210.5-03 - Income statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Income statements. 210.5-03... Income statements. (a) The purpose of this rule is to indicate the various line items which, if applicable, and except as otherwise permitted by the Commission, should appear on the face of the income...
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12 CFR 500.6 - General statement concerning gender-related terminology.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General statement concerning gender-related... Supervision § 500.6 General statement concerning gender-related terminology. The statutes administered by the... inadvertently use or contain gender-related terminology are to be interpreted as equally applicable to either...
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12 CFR 500.6 - General statement concerning gender-related terminology.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 12 Banks and Banking 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General statement concerning gender-related... Supervision § 500.6 General statement concerning gender-related terminology. The statutes administered by the... inadvertently use or contain gender-related terminology are to be interpreted as equally applicable to either...
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14 CFR 211.15 - Statements of fact.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statements of fact. 211.15 Section 211.15 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS APPLICATIONS FOR PERMITS TO FOREIGN AIR CARRIERS General Requirements § 211.15 Statements of fact...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Loewy, Michael I.; Juntunen, Cindy L.; Duan, Changming
2009-01-01
This article addresses the responsibility of counseling psychology programs to communicate and implement the professional training values regarding diversity as articulated in the "Counseling Psychology Model Training Values Statement Addressing Diversity" (henceforth the "Values Statement") clearly and directly in the advertising and admission…
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Uncertain deduction and conditional reasoning
Evans, Jonathan St. B. T.; Thompson, Valerie A.; Over, David E.
2015-01-01
There has been a paradigm shift in the psychology of deductive reasoning. Many researchers no longer think it is appropriate to ask people to assume premises and decide what necessarily follows, with the results evaluated by binary extensional logic. Most every day and scientific inference is made from more or less confidently held beliefs and not assumptions, and the relevant normative standard is Bayesian probability theory. We argue that the study of “uncertain deduction” should directly ask people to assign probabilities to both premises and conclusions, and report an experiment using this method. We assess this reasoning by two Bayesian metrics: probabilistic validity and coherence according to probability theory. On both measures, participants perform above chance in conditional reasoning, but they do much better when statements are grouped as inferences, rather than evaluated in separate tasks. PMID:25904888
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The ethical foundations of behavior therapy.
Kitchener, Richard F
1991-01-01
In this article, I am concerned with the ethical foundations of behavior therapy, that is, with the normative ethics and the meta-ethics underlying behavior therapy. In particular, I am concerned with questions concerning the very possibilty of providing an ethical justification for things done in the context of therapy. Because behavior therapists must be able to provide an ethical justification for various actions (if the need arises), certain meta-ethical views widely accepted by behavior therapists must be abandoned; in particular, one must give up ethical subjectivism, ethical skepticism, and ethical relativism. An additional task is to show how it is possible to provide a nonsubjective, nonskeptical, and nonrelativistic moral justification for an ethical statement. Although this is a monumental task, I provide a rough sketch of such a model, one that is congenial to the value judgments underlying behavior therapy.
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Framework and components for effective discharge planning system: a delphi methodology
2012-01-01
Background To reduce avoidable hospital readmissions, effective discharge planning and appropriate post discharge support care are key requirements. This study is a 3-staged process to develop, pretest and pilot a framework for an effective discharge planning system in Hong Kong. This paper reports on the methodology of Delphi approach and findings of the second stage on pre-testing the framework developed so as to validate and attest to its applicability and practicability in which consensus was sought on the key components of discharge planning. Methods Delphi methodology was adopted to engage a group of experienced healthcare professionals to rate and discuss the framework and components of an effective discharge planning. The framework was consisted 36 statements under 5 major themes: initial screening, discharge planning process, coordination of discharge, implementation of discharge, and post discharge follow-up. Each statement was rated independently based on 3 aspects including clarity, validity and applicability on a 5-point Likert-scale. Statement with 75% or above of participants scoring 4–5 on all 3 aspects would be included in the discharge planning framework. For those statements not reaching 75% of consensus in any one of the aspect, it would be revised or discarded following the group discussion, and be re-rated in another round. Results A total of 24 participants participated in the consensus-building process. In round one rating, consensus was achieved in 25 out of 36 statements. Among those 11 statements not reaching consensus, the major concern was related to the “applicability” of the statements. The participants expressed a lack of manpower, skills and time in particular during weekends and long holidays in carrying out assessment and care plans within 24 h after admission. There were also timeliness and availability issue in providing transportation and necessary equipment to the patients. To make the statements more applicable, the wordings of some of the statements were revised to provide greater flexibility. Due to the lack of a statement in clarifying the role of the members of the healthcare professional team, one additional statement on the role and responsibility of the multidisciplinary team members was added. The first theme on “initial screening” was further revised to “initial screening and assessment” to better reflect the first stage of discharge planning process. After two rounds of rating process, all the 36 statements and the newly added statement reached consensus Conclusions A structured, systematic and coordinated system of hospital discharge system is required to facilitate the discharge process to ensure a smooth patient transition from the hospital to the community and improve patient health outcome in both clinical and social aspect. The findings of this paper provide a reference framework helping policymakers and hospital managers to facilitate the development of a coherent and systematized discharge planning process. Adopting a Delphi approach also demonstrates the values of the method as a pre-test (before the clinical run) of the components and requirements of a discharge planning system taking into account of the local context and system constraints, which would lead to improvements to its applicability and practicability. To confirm the applicability and practicability of this consensus framework for discharge planning system, the third stage of process of development of the discharge planning framework is to apply and pilot the framework in a hospital setting to evaluate its feasibility, applicability and impact in hospital including satisfaction from both the perspectives of staff and patients. PMID:23151173
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27 CFR 19.152 - Data for application for registration.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... business address of the applicant, and the location of the distilled spirits plant if different from the business address. (c) Statement of the type of business organization and of the persons interested in the business, supported by the items of information listed in § 19.167. (d) Statement of the operations to be...
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Campbell, Bruce H; Havas, Nancy; Derse, Arthur R; Holloway, Richard L
2016-03-01
Every graduating medical student must write a personal statement for the Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS), yet there are no widely available resources designed to aid the writing process, causing stress among applicants. The authors offered every Medical College of Wisconsin senior student in the Classes of 2014 and 2015 a voluntary self-contained two-hour Residency Application Personal Statement Writers Workshop. The session included the selection of writing prompts, speedwriting, and a peer-edit critique. Data were gathered before and after each workshop and at the time of ERAS submission. One hundred nine students elected to participate. Of the 96 participants completing a preworkshop questionnaire, only 28 (29%) were comfortable with creative and reflective writing. Fifty-four students completed a follow-up survey after submitting their ERAS application. Fifty-one (94%) found the session effective in getting their personal statement started, and 65 (70%) were surprised by the quality of their writing. Almost all could trace some of their final statement to the workshop. Forty-six (85%) found working with other students helpful, and 49 (91%) would recommend the session to future students; 47 (87%) agreed that the workshop was "fun." The full workshop will be repeated yearly. Workshops will also be offered to residents preparing fellowship applications. A shorter version (without the peer-edit critique) was used successfully with the entire Class of 2016 to help them reflect on their initial clinical encounters. The authors will seek further opportunities to enhance reflection for students, residents, and faculty with these techniques.
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Cullen, Michael W.; Reed, Darcy A.; Halvorsen, Andrew J.; Wittich, Christopher M.; Kreuziger, Lisa M. Baumann; Keddis, Mira T.; McDonald, Furman S.; Beckman, Thomas J.
2011-01-01
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether standardized admissions data in residents' Electronic Residency Application Service (ERAS) submissions were associated with multisource assessments of professionalism during internship. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: ERAS applications for all internal medicine interns (N=191) at Mayo Clinic entering training between July 1, 2005, and July 1, 2008, were reviewed by 6 raters. Extracted data included United States Medical Licensing Examination scores, medicine clerkship grades, class rank, Alpha Omega Alpha membership, advanced degrees, awards, volunteer activities, research experiences, first author publications, career choice, and red flags in performance evaluations. Medical school reputation was quantified using U.S. News & World Report rankings. Strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (0 = no comparative statement, 1 = equal to peers, 2 = top 20%, 3 = top 10% or “best”) were also recorded. Validated multisource professionalism scores (5-point scales) were obtained for each intern. Associations between application variables and professionalism scores were examined using linear regression. RESULTS: The mean ± SD (minimum-maximum) professionalism score was 4.09±0.31 (2.13-4.56). In multivariate analysis, professionalism scores were positively associated with mean strength of comparative statements in recommendation letters (β=0.13; P=.002). No other associations between ERAS application variables and professionalism scores were found. CONCLUSION: Comparative statements in recommendation letters for internal medicine residency applicants were associated with professionalism scores during internship. Other variables traditionally examined when selecting residents were not associated with professionalism. These findings suggest that faculty physicians' direct observations, as reflected in letters of recommendation, are useful indicators of what constitutes a best student. Residency selection committees should scrutinize applicants' letters for strongly favorable comparative statements. PMID:21364111
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to more than one... annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy..., and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants, with the exception...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to more than one... annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy..., and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants, with the exception...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to more than one... annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy..., and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants, with the exception...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to more than one... annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy..., and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants, with the exception...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... statement, information statement, or Notice of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials to more than one... annual reports to security holders, proxy statements, and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy..., and Notices of Internet Availability of Proxy Materials) applicable to registrants, with the exception...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-06-07
...-FF03E15000] Final Environmental Impact Statement, Habitat Conservation Plan, and Implementing Agreement, Ni... Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS) associated with an application received from NiSource Inc. (hereafter ``Ni... Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). If issued, the ITP would authorize NiSource to take 10...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-22
... (ROW) application from Sierra Pacific Power Company (SPPC), for proposed geothermal energy projects... Environmental Impact Statement for the Salt Wells Energy Projects, Churchill County, NV AGENCY: Bureau of Land... Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) for the Salt Wells Energy Projects and by this notice is announcing its...
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25 CFR 700.541 - Fraud or false statement in a Government matter.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fraud or false statement in a Government matter. 700.541... RELOCATION PROCEDURES Employee Responsibility and Conduct § 700.541 Fraud or false statement in a Government..., applications for employment, personnel security forms, requests for travel reimbursement, client certification...
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27 CFR 20.63 - Adoption of formulas and statements of process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... applicable code number for the article or process. In addition, the certificate will contain the name of the... statements of process. 20.63 Section 20.63 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... statements of process. (a) The adoption by a successor (proprietorship or fiduciary) of a predecessor's...
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9 CFR 161.1 - Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation. 161.1 Section 161.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... Category I is only authorized to perform accredited duties on Category I animals, as defined in § 160.1. A...
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9 CFR 161.1 - Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation. 161.1 Section 161.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... Category I is only authorized to perform accredited duties on Category I animals, as defined in § 160.1. A...
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9 CFR 161.1 - Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation. 161.1 Section 161.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... Category I is only authorized to perform accredited duties on Category I animals, as defined in § 160.1. A...
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9 CFR 161.1 - Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Statement of purpose; requirements and application procedures for accreditation. 161.1 Section 161.1 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT... Category I is only authorized to perform accredited duties on Category I animals, as defined in § 160.1. A...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Shuker, Lucie
2014-01-01
"Selling yourself" through personal statements and interviews is now a standard practice for university applicants. This article draws on a multi-case-study research project to report on the self-marketing orientations of students within three 16-19 institutions in England. These orientations (active/passive; internal/external;…
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Collaborative Policy Making: Vertical Integration in The Homeland Security Enterprise
2011-12-01
NEMA ), • International Association Emergency Managers (IAEM), • National Association of Chiefs of Police, International Association of...on application of normative principles to the facts and evidence accumulated by decision makers—and will show why other alternative courses of
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Normative beliefs, misperceptions, and heavy episodic drinking in a british student sample.
McAlaney, John; McMahon, John
2007-05-01
Numerous studies have demonstrated the existence and effect of normative misperceptions on heavy episodic drinking behavior. However, there has been little work on these processes or application of normative-belief interventions outside the U.S. college system. The aim of the current study, therefore, was to investigate heavy episodic drinking and normative misperceptions in a U.K. university setting. An email containing a link to a survey Web site was distributed to all current undergraduate students at the University of Paisley, Scotland. In addition to age and gender questions, the survey contained items on students' personal behavior and perception of the level of that behavior in three groups of increasing social distance: close friends, other students of the same age, and other people of the same age in U.K. society in general. Completed surveys from 500 respondents were returned. In keeping with previous research, significant correlations were found between the respondents' behavior and the perception of that behavior in others, with beliefs about the most proximal individuals being the most strongly correlated. The majority of respondents were also found to overestimate alcohol consumption in other students. An age effect was noted, in which misperceptions appeared to decrease with age but did not vary between genders. The findings of the study indicate that the normative-belief alcohol consumption processes that have been found on U.S. college campuses also operate in U.K. university settings. This raises the possibility of applying social-norms interventions from the United States to the United Kingdom and potentially elsewhere in the world. Furthermore, the study noted apparent age effects in the degree of misperception, the implications of which are discussed.
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Fischhoff, Baruch
2010-09-01
The study of judgment and decision making entails three interrelated forms of research: (1) normative analysis, identifying the best courses of action, given decision makers' values; (2) descriptive studies, examining actual behavior in terms comparable to the normative analyses; and (3) prescriptive interventions, helping individuals to make better choices, bridging the gap between the normative ideal and the descriptive reality. The research is grounded in analytical foundations shared by economics, psychology, philosophy, and management science. Those foundations provide a framework for accommodating affective and social factors that shape and complement the cognitive processes of decision making. The decision sciences have grown through applications requiring collaboration with subject matter experts, familiar with the substance of the choices and the opportunities for interventions. Over the past half century, the field has shifted its emphasis from predicting choices, which can be successful without theoretical insight, to understanding the processes shaping them. Those processes are often revealed through biases that suggest non-normative processes. The practical importance of these biases depends on the sensitivity of specific decisions and the support that individuals have in making them. As a result, the field offers no simple summary of individuals' competence as decision makers, but a suite of theories and methods suited to capturing these sensitivities. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-30
... Wright Area Coal Final Environmental Impact Statement That Includes Four Federal Coal Lease- by... Statement (EIS) for the Wright Area Coal project that contains four Federal coal Lease-by-Applications (LBAs), and by this notice announces the availability of the Wright Area Coal Final EIS for review. DATES: To...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hilbig, Benjamin E.
2012-01-01
Extending the well-established negativity bias in human cognition to truth judgments, it was recently shown that negatively framed statistical statements are more likely to be considered true than formally equivalent statements framed positively. However, the underlying processes responsible for this effect are insufficiently understood.…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Samraj, Betty; Monk, Lenore
2008-01-01
Recent research of student writing has included a few studies of the statement of purpose submitted as part of the admission process to programs of study, which have indicated variations in expectations by disciplinary gatekeepers. These studies indicate a need for further study of statements of purpose submitted to different departments, informed…
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Text mining for neuroanatomy using WhiteText with an updated corpus and a new web application
French, Leon; Liu, Po; Marais, Olivia; Koreman, Tianna; Tseng, Lucia; Lai, Artemis; Pavlidis, Paul
2015-01-01
We describe the WhiteText project, and its progress towards automatically extracting statements of neuroanatomical connectivity from text. We review progress to date on the three main steps of the project: recognition of brain region mentions, standardization of brain region mentions to neuroanatomical nomenclature, and connectivity statement extraction. We further describe a new version of our manually curated corpus that adds 2,111 connectivity statements from 1,828 additional abstracts. Cross-validation classification within the new corpus replicates results on our original corpus, recalling 67% of connectivity statements at 51% precision. The resulting merged corpus provides 5,208 connectivity statements that can be used to seed species-specific connectivity matrices and to better train automated techniques. Finally, we present a new web application that allows fast interactive browsing of the over 70,000 sentences indexed by the system, as a tool for accessing the data and assisting in further curation. Software and data are freely available at http://www.chibi.ubc.ca/WhiteText/. PMID:26052282
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32 CFR 901.14 - Regular airmen category.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... Personnel Office (CBPO) to hold any reassignment action of the airman pending selection for an appointment... statement of the applicant's character, ability, and motivation to become a career officer. Statements in...
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Lim, Si Huan; Ang, Rebecca P
2009-01-01
This study examined the contribution of general normative beliefs about aggression and specific normative beliefs about retaliatory aggression in predicting physical, verbal, and indirect aggressive behaviors. Two hundred and forty-nine Grade 4 and Grade 5 boys completed the Normative Beliefs about Aggression Scale (NOBAGS) and provided self-reports on the frequency of their physical, verbal, and indirect aggressive behaviors. A series of hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that general normative beliefs about aggression contributed significantly in predicting all three types of aggressive behaviors. When general normative beliefs about aggression were controlled for, specific normative beliefs about retaliatory aggression against males but not specific normative beliefs about retaliatory aggression against females, contributed significantly to predict physical, verbal, and indirect aggressive behaviors. Implications for intervention programs are discussed.
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Equity in specialist waiting times by socioeconomic groups: evidence from Spain.
Abásolo, Ignacio; Negrín-Hernández, Miguel A; Pinilla, Jaime
2014-04-01
In countries with publicly financed health care systems, waiting time--rather than price--is the rationing mechanism for access to health care services. The normative statement underlying such a rationing device is that patients should wait according to need and irrespective of socioeconomic status or other non-need characteristics. The aim of this paper is to test empirically that waiting times for publicly funded specialist care do not depend on patients' socioeconomic status. Waiting times for specialist care can vary according to the type of medical specialty, type of consultation (review or diagnosis) and the region where patients' reside. In order to take into account such variability, we use Bayesian random parameter models to explain waiting times for specialist care in terms of need and non-need variables. We find that individuals with lower education and income levels wait significantly more time than their counterparts.
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A Line in the Sand: Prospect Theory and Nash Arbitration in Resolving Territorial Disputes
2012-12-01
small islands were difficult to access for centuries and they remain somewhat culturally and psychologically distant. The Kurils, despite their...with a normative view, stating, “political, social and psychological perspectives of territories and borders are more accurate than a simple geo...applicable, acceptable, and durable for territorial dispute resolution. Cross -sectional cases explore both the applicability (via prospect theory) and
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Actuality of transcendental æsthetics for modern physics
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Petitot, Jean
1. The more mathematics and physics unify themselves in the physico-mathematical modern theories, the more an objective epistemology becomes necessary. Only such a transcendental epistemology is able to thematize correctly the status of the mathematical determination of physical reality. 2. There exists a transcendental history of the synthetic a priori and of the construction of physical categories. 3. The transcendental approach allows to supersed Wittgenstein's and Carnap's antiplatonist thesis according to which pure mathematics are physically applicable only if they lack any descriptive, cognitive or objective, content and reduce to mere prescriptive and normative devices. In fact, pure mathematics are prescriptive-normative in physics because: (i) the categories of physical objectivity are prescriptive-normative, and (ii) their categorial content is mathematically “constructed” through a Transcendental Aesthetics. Only a transcendental approach make compatible, in the one hand, a grammatical conventionalism of Wittgensteinian or Carnapian type and, on the other hand, a platonist realism of Gödelian type. Mathematics are not a grammar of the world but a mathematical hermeneutics of the intuitive forms and of the categorial grammar of the world.
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de la Motte, Sarah J; Gribbin, Timothy C; Lisman, Peter; Beutler, Anthony I; Deuster, Patricia
2016-11-01
Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a leading cause of missed duty time and morbidity in the military. Modifiable risk factors for MSK-Is, such as inadequate core stability, poor movement patterns, and dynamic balance deficits, have not been identified in military applicants on entering service. To establish normative functional movement data using a series of screens in military applicants entering basic training and explore relationships among several movement tests. Cross-sectional study. Military Entrance Processing Station. A total of 1714 (1434 male, 280 female) military applicants entering the US Army (n = 546), Navy (n = 414), Air Force (n = 229), or Marine Corps (n = 525). We conducted the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), overhead squat (OHS), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Movements were assessed using the scoring convention for each screen. The FMS, YBT, OHS, and LESS scores and associations among the movement screens as well as clinical meaningfulness. A total of 1037 of the 1714 enrolled applicants were screened on the day they left for basic training. Normative means for this population were established: FMS = 14.7 ± 1.8, YBT anterior-reach difference = 3.1 ± 3.0 cm, mean YBT composite differences = 8.0 ± 6.8 cm, mean YBT composite percentage = 90.9% ± 8.3%, OHS errors = 5.0 ± 2.8, and LESS score = 5.7 ± 2.1. Backward regression results revealed that the YBT composite percentage was related to the FMS and OHS scores in males and to the FMS and LESS results in females. However, clinically meaningful relationships between the tests varied for both males and females. Sex-normative values for the FMS, YBT, OHS, and LESS screens were established for US military applicants, and some of the assessments overlapped. Overall, males performed better on the OHS and LESS and achieved a greater YBT composite percentage than females. The regression results revealed movement screen performance relationships that varied by sex and clinical meaningfulness. In future studies, we will determine if performance on any of the screens is associated with MSK-Is in basic trainees.
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17 CFR 210.6-09 - Statements of changes in net assets.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
..., INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Registered Investment... persons to whom this article is applicable shall comply with the following provisions: Statements of...
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17 CFR 210.6-09 - Statements of changes in net assets.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
..., INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Registered Investment... persons to whom this article is applicable shall comply with the following provisions: Statements of...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-27
... Medical--Comparative Health Statement)) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... Reinstatement (Non Medical--Comparative Health Statement), Government Life Insurance, VA Form 29-353. OMB...
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78 FR 21492 - Small Shipyard Grant Program; Application Deadlines
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-10
... accountant, according to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles, not on an income-tax basis. The... statements are not available. Note: Do not provide tax returns. Section 9: Statement regarding the...
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5 CFR 3902.103 - Submission and review of employees' statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... statement submitted under this subpart or information from other sources indicates a potential violation of applicable laws and regulations, such as a conflict between the interests of an employee or special...
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Simel, David L; Rennie, Drummond; Bossuyt, Patrick M M
2008-06-01
The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement provided guidelines for investigators conducting diagnostic accuracy studies. We reviewed each item in the statement for its applicability to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy research, viewing each discrete aspect of the history and physical examination as a diagnostic test. Nonsystematic review of the STARD statement. Two former STARD Group participants and 1 editor of a journal series on clinical examination research reviewed each STARD item. Suggested interpretations and comments were shared to develop consensus. The STARD Statement applies generally well to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies. Three items are the most important for clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies, and investigators should pay particular attention to their requirements: describe carefully the patient recruitment process, describe participant sampling and address if patients were from a consecutive series, and describe whether the clinicians were masked to the reference standard tests and whether the interpretation of the reference standard test was masked to the clinical examination components or overall clinical impression. The consideration of these and the other STARD items in clinical examination diagnostic research studies would improve the quality of investigations and strengthen conclusions reached by practicing clinicians. The STARD statement provides a very useful framework for diagnostic accuracy studies. The group correctly anticipated that there would be nuances applicable to studies of the clinical examination. We offer guidance that should enhance their usefulness to investigators embarking on original studies of a patient's history and physical examination.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-05-25
... decommission an up to 750 megawatt (MW) photovoltaic solar energy generation facility and necessary ancillary... LVRWB10B3980] Notice of Availability of a Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed McCoy Solar... Impact Statement (EIS) for McCoy Solar, LLC's right-of-way (ROW) application for the McCoy Solar Energy...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. 210.6-08 Section 210.6-08... issuers of face-amount certificates. Statements of operations filed by issuers of face-amount certificates... included in income, the bases of recognition and measurement used in respect to such amounts shall be...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. 210.6-08 Section 210.6-08... issuers of face-amount certificates. Statements of operations filed by issuers of face-amount certificates... included in income, the bases of recognition and measurement used in respect to such amounts shall be...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... to the statements of operations of issuers of face-amount certificates. 210.6-08 Section 210.6-08... issuers of face-amount certificates. Statements of operations filed by issuers of face-amount certificates... included in income, the bases of recognition and measurement used in respect to such amounts shall be...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-27
... Environmental Impact Statement for the Route 460 Location Study From Prince George County to the City of Suffolk... Route 460 Location Study Final Environmental Impact Statement (FEIS). The purpose of this SEIS is to... roads. The Applicant has entered into a design-build contract with VDOT to design and construct the...
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Chahal, Harinder S; Sigelman, Daniel W; Stacy, Sylvie; Sclar, Joshua; Ddamulira, Barbara
2015-01-01
Objectives To describe the content of non-public complete response letters issued by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) when they do not approve marketing applications from sponsors (drug companies) and to compare them with the content any subsequent press releases issued by those sponsors Design Cross sectional study. Data sources All applications for which FDA’s Center for Drug Evaluation and Research initially issued complete response letters (n=61) from 11 August 2008 to 27 June 2013. Complete response letters and press releases were divided into discrete statements related to seven domains and 64 subdomains and assessed to determine whether they matched. Results 48% (29) of complete response letters cited deficiencies in both the safety and efficacy domains, and only 13% cited neither safety nor efficacy deficiencies. No press release was issued for 18% (11) of complete response letters, and 21% (13) of press releases did not match any statements from the letters. Press release statements matched 93 of the 687 statements (14%), including 16% (30/191) of efficacy and 15% (22/150) of safety statements. Of 32 complete response letters that called for a new clinical trial for safety or efficacy, 59% (19) had matching press release statements. Seven complete response letters reported higher mortality rates in treated participants; only one associated press release mentioned this fact. Conclusions FDA generally issued complete response letters to sponsors for multiple substantive reasons, most commonly related to safety and/or efficacy deficiencies. In many cases, press releases were not issued in response to those letters and, when they were, omitted most of the statements in the complete response letters. Press releases are incomplete substitutes for the detailed information contained in complete response letters. PMID:26063327
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chapman, Amy; Saltmarsh, Sue
2013-01-01
This article offers a consideration of the ways that the politics of normative childhoods are shaped by discourses of happiness predicated on heteronormativity. Responding to the work of Cristyn Davies and Kerry Robinson (2013, this issue), the authors argue that non-normative families and in particular, non-normative parenting, are obliged to…
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Mare basalts on the Apennine Front and the mare stratigraphy of the Apollo 15 landing site
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Ryder, Graham
1989-01-01
Olivine-normative mare basalts are present on the Apennine Front as crystalline particles and shocked or shock-melted fragments. Picritic basalts, which may be related to the olivine-normative basalts by olivine accumulation, not only occur on the Front but such samples so far recognized are confined to it. Mare volcanic and impact glasses also occur on the Front; all are olivine-normative, though none are quite the equivalent of the typical olivine-normative mare group. The quartz-normative mare basalts are not present (or are extremely rare) on the Front either as crystalline basalts or shocked or glass equivalents. These observations are consistent with the olivine-normative mare basalts being both local and the youngest flows at the site, and the fragments being emplaced on the Front by impacts. The picritic basalts raise the distinct possibility that the olivine-normative basalts also ponded on the Front. An influx of olivine-normative basalts from exotic sources (e.g., a ray from Aristillus) is inconsistent with their abundance, their dominance in the mare soil chemistry, and their age, isotopic, and trace element similarities with the quartz-normative basalts. However, the thermal histories of the olivine-normative basalts require elucidation.
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NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Callender, E. D.; Farny, A. M.
1983-01-01
Problem Statement Language/Problem Statement Analyzer (PSL/PSA) applications, which were once a one-step process in which product system information was immediately translated into PSL statements, have in light of experience been shown to result in inconsistent representations. These shortcomings have prompted the development of an intermediate step, designated the Product System Information Model (PSIM), which provides a basis for the mutual understanding of customer terminology and the formal, conceptual representation of that product system in a PSA data base. The PSIM is initially captured as a paper diagram, followed by formal capture in the PSL/PSA data base.
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High level language-based robotic control system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rodriguez, Guillermo (Inventor); Kruetz, Kenneth K. (Inventor); Jain, Abhinandan (Inventor)
1994-01-01
This invention is a robot control system based on a high level language implementing a spatial operator algebra. There are two high level languages included within the system. At the highest level, applications programs can be written in a robot-oriented applications language including broad operators such as MOVE and GRASP. The robot-oriented applications language statements are translated into statements in the spatial operator algebra language. Programming can also take place using the spatial operator algebra language. The statements in the spatial operator algebra language from either source are then translated into machine language statements for execution by a digital control computer. The system also includes the capability of executing the control code sequences in a simulation mode before actual execution to assure proper action at execution time. The robot's environment is checked as part of the process and dynamic reconfiguration is also possible. The languages and system allow the programming and control of multiple arms and the use of inward/outward spatial recursions in which every computational step can be related to a transformation from one point in the mechanical robot to another point to name two major advantages.
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High level language-based robotic control system
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Rodriguez, Guillermo (Inventor); Kreutz, Kenneth K. (Inventor); Jain, Abhinandan (Inventor)
1996-01-01
This invention is a robot control system based on a high level language implementing a spatial operator algebra. There are two high level languages included within the system. At the highest level, applications programs can be written in a robot-oriented applications language including broad operators such as MOVE and GRASP. The robot-oriented applications language statements are translated into statements in the spatial operator algebra language. Programming can also take place using the spatial operator algebra language. The statements in the spatial operator algebra language from either source are then translated into machine language statements for execution by a digital control computer. The system also includes the capability of executing the control code sequences in a simulation mode before actual execution to assure proper action at execution time. The robot's environment is checked as part of the process and dynamic reconfiguration is also possible. The languages and system allow the programming and control of multiple arms and the use of inward/outward spatial recursions in which every computational step can be related to a transformation from one point in the mechanical robot to another point to name two major advantages.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
.... If an item is inapplicable or the answer is in the negative, so state. The statement published, sent or given to security holders may omit negative and not applicable responses, except that responses to.... Information contained in exhibits to the statement may be incorporated by reference in answer or partial...
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Financial Statements: Disclosures and Presentations.
1985-12-01
may be rendered when the financial statements are p;eaed in full compliance with GAAP , consistently applied. Inadequate disclosures as well as other...after the end of the current year, respectively. (Delaney et al., GAAP Interpretation and Application, pp. 52-53. ) Beginning Measurement Disposal End...Of Changing Prices In Financial Reports GAAP for reporting changing prices in financial reports is promulgated in FASB Statements 33, 39, 40, 41, 46
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-07
... Section 6707A and the Failure To Include on Any Return or Statement Any Information Required To Be... respect to the penalties applicable to the failure to include on any return or statement any information... (TD 9425) relating to the penalty under section 6707A for the failure to include on any return or...
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Normative social influence is underdetected.
Nolan, Jessica M; Schultz, P Wesley; Cialdini, Robert B; Goldstein, Noah J; Griskevicius, Vladas
2008-07-01
The present research investigated the persuasive impact and detectability of normative social influence. The first study surveyed 810 Californians about energy conservation and found that descriptive normative beliefs were more predictive of behavior than were other relevant beliefs, even though respondents rated such norms as least important in their conservation decisions. Study 2, a field experiment, showed that normative social influence produced the greatest change in behavior compared to information highlighting other reasons to conserve, even though respondents rated the normative information as least motivating. Results show that normative messages can be a powerful lever of persuasion but that their influence is underdetected.
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Multivariate normative comparisons using an aggregated database
Murre, Jaap M. J.; Huizenga, Hilde M.
2017-01-01
In multivariate normative comparisons, a patient’s profile of test scores is compared to those in a normative sample. Recently, it has been shown that these multivariate normative comparisons enhance the sensitivity of neuropsychological assessment. However, multivariate normative comparisons require multivariate normative data, which are often unavailable. In this paper, we show how a multivariate normative database can be constructed by combining healthy control group data from published neuropsychological studies. We show that three issues should be addressed to construct a multivariate normative database. First, the database may have a multilevel structure, with participants nested within studies. Second, not all tests are administered in every study, so many data may be missing. Third, a patient should be compared to controls of similar age, gender and educational background rather than to the entire normative sample. To address these issues, we propose a multilevel approach for multivariate normative comparisons that accounts for missing data and includes covariates for age, gender and educational background. Simulations show that this approach controls the number of false positives and has high sensitivity to detect genuine deviations from the norm. An empirical example is provided. Implications for other domains than neuropsychology are also discussed. To facilitate broader adoption of these methods, we provide code implementing the entire analysis in the open source software package R. PMID:28267796
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Normative ethics does not need a foundation: it needs more science.
Quintelier, Katinka; Van Speybroeck, Linda; Braeckman, Johan
2011-03-01
The impact of science on ethics forms since long the subject of intense debate. Although there is a growing consensus that science can describe morality and explain its evolutionary origins, there is less consensus about the ability of science to provide input to the normative domain of ethics. Whereas defenders of a scientific normative ethics appeal to naturalism, its critics either see the naturalistic fallacy committed or argue that the relevance of science to normative ethics remains undemonstrated. In this paper, we argue that current scientific normative ethicists commit no fallacy, that criticisms of scientific ethics contradict each other, and that scientific insights are relevant to normative inquiries by informing ethics about the options open to the ethical debate. Moreover, when conceiving normative ethics as being a nonfoundational ethics, science can be used to evaluate every possible norm. This stands in contrast to foundational ethics in which some norms remain beyond scientific inquiry. Finally, we state that a difference in conception of normative ethics underlies the disagreement between proponents and opponents of a scientific ethics. Our argument is based on and preceded by a reconsideration of the notions naturalistic fallacy and foundational ethics. This argument differs from previous work in scientific ethics: whereas before the philosophical project of naturalizing the normative has been stressed, here we focus on concrete consequences of biological findings for normative decisions or on the day-to-day normative relevance of these scientific insights.
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Rennie, Drummond; Bossuyt, Patrick M. M.
2008-01-01
Summary Objective The Standards for Reporting of Diagnostic Accuracy (STARD) statement provided guidelines for investigators conducting diagnostic accuracy studies. We reviewed each item in the statement for its applicability to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy research, viewing each discrete aspect of the history and physical examination as a diagnostic test. Setting Nonsystematic review of the STARD statement. Interventions Two former STARD Group participants and 1 editor of a journal series on clinical examination research reviewed each STARD item. Suggested interpretations and comments were shared to develop consensus. Measurements and Main Results The STARD Statement applies generally well to clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies. Three items are the most important for clinical examination diagnostic accuracy studies, and investigators should pay particular attention to their requirements: describe carefully the patient recruitment process, describe participant sampling and address if patients were from a consecutive series, and describe whether the clinicians were masked to the reference standard tests and whether the interpretation of the reference standard test was masked to the clinical examination components or overall clinical impression. The consideration of these and the other STARD items in clinical examination diagnostic research studies would improve the quality of investigations and strengthen conclusions reached by practicing clinicians. Conclusions The STARD statement provides a very useful framework for diagnostic accuracy studies. The group correctly anticipated that there would be nuances applicable to studies of the clinical examination. We offer guidance that should enhance their usefulness to investigators embarking on original studies of a patient’s history and physical examination. PMID:18347878
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Normative and Descriptive Aspects of Management Education: Differentiation and Integration
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Meirovich, Gavriel
2015-01-01
This study advocates strongly for clear differentiation and synthesis of descriptive and normative approaches in management education. There is a certain isolation of normative and descriptive theoretical frameworks presented in management courses. Normative frameworks in management explain how organizations "should be" managed, while…
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A Review of Norms and Normative Multiagent Systems
Mahmoud, Moamin A.; Ahmad, Mohd Sharifuddin; Mustapha, Aida
2014-01-01
Norms and normative multiagent systems have become the subjects of interest for many researchers. Such interest is caused by the need for agents to exploit the norms in enhancing their performance in a community. The term norm is used to characterize the behaviours of community members. The concept of normative multiagent systems is used to facilitate collaboration and coordination among social groups of agents. Many researches have been conducted on norms that investigate the fundamental concepts, definitions, classification, and types of norms and normative multiagent systems including normative architectures and normative processes. However, very few researches have been found to comprehensively study and analyze the literature in advancing the current state of norms and normative multiagent systems. Consequently, this paper attempts to present the current state of research on norms and normative multiagent systems and propose a norm's life cycle model based on the review of the literature. Subsequently, this paper highlights the significant areas for future work. PMID:25110739
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[CGM-continuous glucose monitoring - statement of the Austrian Diabetes Association].
Schütz-Fuhrmann, Ingrid; Schober, Edith; Rami, Birgit; Stadler, Marietta; Bischof, Martin; Fortunat, Sandra; Laimer, Markus; Weitgasser, Raimund; Prager, Rudolf
2012-12-01
This position statement represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association regarding the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic application, safety and benefits of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring systems in patients with diabetes mellitus, based on current evidence.
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[CGM-Continuous Glucose Monitoring--Statement of the Austrian Diabetes Association].
Schütz-Fuhrmann, Ingrid; Rami-Merhar, Birgit; Hofer, Sabine; Stadler, Marietta; Bischof, Martin; Zlamal-Fortunat, Sandra; Laimer, Markus; Weitgasser, Raimund; Prager, Rudolf
2016-04-01
This position statement represents the recommendations of the Austrian Diabetes Association regarding the clinical diagnostic and therapeutic application, safety and benefits of continuous subcutaneous glucose monitoring systems in patients with diabetes mellitus, based on current evidence.
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Manufacturing process applications team (MATeam). [NASA/industry relations
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Bangs, E. R.
1978-01-01
Forty additional statements were added to the list of 150 problem/opportunity statements identifying possibilities for transfer of NASA technology to various manufacturing industries. Selected statements that are considered to have a high potential for transfer in the 1978 program year are presented in the form of goals and milestones. The transfer of a flux used in the stud welding of aluminum is reported. Candidate RTOP programs are identified.
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Ooms, Gorik
2015-06-16
Global health research is essentially a normative undertaking: we use it to propose policies that ought to be implemented. To arrive at a normative conclusion in a logical way requires at least one normative premise, one that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone. But there is no widely accepted normative premise for global health, and the actors with the power to set policies may use a different normative premise than the scholars that propose policies - which may explain the 'implementation gap' in global health. If global health scholars shy away from the normative debate - because it requires normative premises that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone - they not only mislead each other, they also prevent and stymie debate on the role of the powerhouses of global health, their normative premises, and the rights and wrongs of these premises. The humanities and social sciences are better equipped - and less reluctant - to approach the normative debate in a scientifically valid manner, and ought to be better integrated in the interdisciplinary research that global health research is, or should be. © 2015 by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
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Ooms, Gorik
2015-01-01
Global health research is essentially a normative undertaking: we use it to propose policies that ought to be implemented. To arrive at a normative conclusion in a logical way requires at least one normative premise, one that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone. But there is no widely accepted normative premise for global health, and the actors with the power to set policies may use a different normative premise than the scholars that propose policies – which may explain the ‘implementation gap’ in global health. If global health scholars shy away from the normative debate – because it requires normative premises that cannot be derived from empirical evidence alone – they not only mislead each other, they also prevent and stymie debate on the role of the powerhouses of global health, their normative premises, and the rights and wrongs of these premises. The humanities and social sciences are better equipped – and less reluctant – to approach the normative debate in a scientifically valid manner, and ought to be better integrated in the interdisciplinary research that global health research is, or should be. PMID:26673173
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Normative Beliefs about Aggression as a Mediator of Narcissistic Exploitativeness and Cyberbullying
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ang, Rebecca P.; Tan, Kit-Aun; Mansor, Abu Talib
2011-01-01
The current study examined normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator between narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying using two Asian adolescent samples from Singapore and Malaysia. Narcissistic exploitativeness was significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying and normative beliefs about aggression and normative beliefs…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fearnow-Kenny, Melodie D.; Wyrick, David L.; Hansen, William B.; Dyreg, Doug; Beau, Dan B.
2001-01-01
Investigation (1) examined interrelations among normative beliefs, alcohol expectancies, and alcohol-related problems, and (2) investigated whether alcohol-related expectancies mediate associations between normative beliefs and alcohol-related problems. Analyses revealed that alcohol expectancies mediate the relationship between normative beliefs…
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Strengthening Academic Advising by Developing a Normative Theory
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Himes, Hilleary A.
2014-01-01
Discussions on academic advising theory have centered on application from many disciplines; however, academic advising is unlike any other field, and therefore, theories from other disciplines do not correspond with all of the unique goals of advising: assisting students in understanding the meaning of higher education, supporting students in…
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Discretionary Death: Conditions, Dilemmas, and Normative Regulation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Machado, Nora
2005-01-01
The author examines a major shift in the conceptualization and practices relating to death and dying in Western and other societies with advanced medicine. This shift is the result of socio-technical and cultural developments characterized by but not limited to the routine widespread application of life support technologies in the hospital…
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Valuing Healthcare Improvement: Implicit Norms, Explicit Normativity, and Human Agency.
Carter, Stacy M
2018-06-01
I argue that greater attention to human agency and normativity in both researching and practicing service improvement may be one strategy for enhancing improvement science, illustrating with examples from cancer screening. Improvement science tends to deliberately avoid explicit normativity, for paradigmatically coherent reasons. But there are good reasons to consider including explicit normativity in thinking about improvement. Values and moral judgements are central to social life, so an adequate account of social life must include these elements. And improvement itself is unavoidably normative: it assumes that things could and should be better than they are. I seek to show that normativity will always be implicated in the creation of evidence, the design of programs, the practice of healthcare, and in citizens' judgements about that care, and to make a case that engaging with this normativity is worthwhile.
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47 CFR 1.917 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... service club. Applications, amendments, and related statements of fact filed on behalf of eligible... Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Application Requirements and Procedures § 1.917 Who...
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47 CFR 1.917 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... service club. Applications, amendments, and related statements of fact filed on behalf of eligible... Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Application Requirements and Procedures § 1.917 Who...
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47 CFR 1.917 - Who may sign applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... service club. Applications, amendments, and related statements of fact filed on behalf of eligible... Wireless Radio Services Applications and Proceedings Application Requirements and Procedures § 1.917 Who...
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Armson, Heather; Elmslie, Tom; Roder, Stefanie; Wakefield, Jacqueline
2015-01-01
This study categorizes 4 practice change options, including commitment-to-change (CTC) statements using Bloom's taxonomy to explore the relationship between a hierarchy of CTC statements and implementation of changes in practice. Our hypothesis was that deeper learning would be positively associated with implementation of planned practice changes. Thirty-five family physicians were recruited from existing practice-based small learning groups. They were asked to use their usual small-group process while exploring an educational module on peripheral neuropathy. Part of this process included the completion of a practice reflection tool (PRT) that incorporates CTC statements containing a broader set of practice change options-considering change, confirmation of practice, and not convinced a change is needed ("enhanced" CTC). The statements were categorized using Bloom's taxonomy and then compared to reported practice implementation after 3 months. Nearly all participants made a CTC statement and successful practice implementation at 3 months. By using the "enhanced" CTC options, additional components that contribute to practice change were captured. Unanticipated changes accounted for one-third of all successful changes. Categorizing statements on the PRT using Bloom's taxonomy highlighted the progression from knowledge/comprehension to application/analysis to synthesis/evaluation. All PRT statements were classified in the upper 2 levels of the taxonomy, and these higher-level (deep learning) statements were related to higher levels of practice implementation. The "enhanced" CTC options captured changes that would not otherwise be identified and may be worthy of further exploration in other CME activities. Using Bloom's taxonomy to code the PRT statements proved useful in highlighting the progression through increasing levels of cognitive complexity-reflecting deep learning. © 2015 The Alliance for Continuing Education in the Health Professions, the Society for Academic Continuing Medical Education, and the Council on Continuing Medical Education, Association for Hospital Medical Education.
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4 CFR 28.40 - Statement of purpose.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 4 Accounts 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statement of purpose. 28.40 Section 28.40 Accounts GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE GENERAL PROCEDURES GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE PERSONNEL APPEALS BOARD; PROCEDURES APPLICABLE TO CLAIMS CONCERNING EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES AT THE GOVERNMENT ACCOUNTABILITY OFFICE...
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Financial Statement Analysis for Colleges and Universities.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Woelfel, Charles J.
1987-01-01
Presents ratio analysis of financial statements as a tool applicable for use by nonprofit institutions for evaluation of financial and operational performance of an institution. It can be used as a screening, forecasting, diagnostic, and evaluative tool for administration and governance. (MD)
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29 CFR 1977.1 - Introductory statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR... AND HEALTH ACT OF 1970 General § 1977.1 Introductory statement. (a) The Occupational Safety and Health... general application designed to regulate employment conditions relating to occupational safety and health...
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PRN 83-3: Label Improvement Program - Storage and Disposal Label Statements
This Notice is to inform all registrants that the label of all pesticide products must include updated storage and disposal statements. No application for amended registration is required if you use the exact wording contained in this Notice.
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[The normative legal regulation of social protection of disabled persons of able-bodied age].
Medvedeva, O V; Afonina, N A; Draienkova, F R
2017-01-01
The article presents results of analysis of normative legal documents and basic laws relating to social protection of the disabled of able-bodied age and also to development ofpublic policy concerning the given category ofpopulation. The purpose of actual study is to analyze main normative legal documents in the field of investigation of social protection of the disabled of able-bodied age as applied to experience of the Riazanskaia oblast. The actuality of study is determined by problem of social legal defense of the disabled as one of the most complicated and requiring from society both understanding and participation in this process of many specialized institutions and structures. The analysis of study results permits to conclude that the regional legislation in its total with standards of the Federal legislation contains regulations reflecting fundamental principles and norms of the Convention of the rights of the disabled. On application of currently in force legislation and in the process of legislative activity the state and public institutions of the Riazanskaia oblast seek the possibly most broad implementation of the rights of the disabled and securing access to social, political, civil, cultural and other integration into society.
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Normative data for distal line bisection and baking tray task.
Facchin, Alessio; Beschin, Nicoletta; Pisano, Alessia; Reverberi, Cristina
2016-09-01
Line bisection is one of the tests used to diagnose unilateral spatial neglect (USN). Despite its wide application, no procedure or norms were available for the distal variant when the task was performed at distance with a laser pointer. Furthermore, the baking tray task was an ecological test aimed at diagnosing USN in a more natural context. The aim of this study was to collect normative values for these two tests in an Italian population. We recruited a sample of 191 healthy subjects with ages ranging from 20 to 89 years. They performed line bisection with a laser pointer on three different line lengths (1, 1.5, and 2 m) at a distance of 3 m. After this task, the subjects performed the baking tray task and a second repetition of line bisection to test the reliability of measurement. Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant effects of demographic variables on the performance of both tests. Normative cut-off values for the two tests were developed using non-parametric tolerance intervals. The results formed the basis for clinical use of these two tools for assessing lateralized performance of patients with brain injury and for diagnosing USN.
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Chorlton, Kathryn; Conner, Mark; Jamson, Samantha
2012-11-01
The Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) plus moral norms, anticipated regret, past behaviour, self-identity and perceived susceptibility was applied to predicting motorcyclists' intention to ride above the speed limit and ride at inappropriate speeds. Past behaviour, control beliefs, attitudes, moral norm, normative beliefs, age and self-identity explained 60% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to exceed the speed limit on motorways (N=1381). A total of 62% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to really go for it on rural roads was accounted for, with past behaviour, attitudes, control beliefs, age, normative beliefs, anticipated regret, self-identity, behavioural beliefs and training status being significant (N=1116). Finally, attitudes, past behaviour, control beliefs, moral norm, anticipated regret, behavioural beliefs, normative beliefs, engine size and self-identity explained 57% of the variance in motorcyclists' intention to ride faster than felt safe in order to keep up with the group (N=1940). The belief-based measures also successfully differentiated between those who intended to speed and those who did not. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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1986-09-01
implement a computer program as a function of the Function Point Total. As shown in Table 9, the software product (referred to as SPQR ) establishes the...language being used. Source code statements are defined in SPQR as consisting of executable statements and data definitions. The factors used to calculate... SPQR is a trademark of Software Productivity Research, Inc, 233 TABLE 9 NUMBER OF COMPUTER PROGRAM SOURCE STATEMENTS PER FUNCTION POINT TOTAL
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"You should (not) do that": An Evaluative Model of Normative Appeals (EMNA).
Oceja, Luis; Villegas, Marisol; Beramendi, Maite; Salgado, Sergio
2016-01-01
Normative appeals refer to those messages that indicate that one should (or should not) engage in a certain action in a given situation. According to the psychosocial research, the decision to fulfill a normative appeal depends on both the extent to which it has captured our attention and the evaluation of what we may gain or lose by doing so. However, according to the Evaluative Model of Normative Appeals (EMNA), between these two processes we carry out an evaluation (normative appraisal) that strongly influences the decision that is ultimately made. Specifically, this normative appraisal, which is done in accordance with the dimensions of formality and protection, transforms the appeal into a particular normative representation (i.e., custom, coercive law, prescription, or legitimate law) that, in turn, influences the willingness toward compliance or violation. The results of three studies support these basic premises of EMNA.
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Normativity in Fairy Tales: Scope, Range and Modes of Communication
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hohr, Hansjörg
2013-01-01
The article studies in three steps how the fairy tale articulates its normative content and what the educational consequence of this kind of communication is. First, the articulation of normativity in fictional literature in general is discussed. Second, the specific mode in which the fairy tale articulates its normativity is studied according to…
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Normative and descriptive rationality: from nature to artifice and back
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Besold, T. R.; Uckelman, S. L.
2018-03-01
Rationality plays a key role in both the study of human reasoning and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Certain notions of rationality have been adopted in AI as guides for the development of intelligent machines and these notions have been given a normative function. The notions of rationality in AI are often taken to be closely related to conceptions of rationality in human contexts. In this paper, we argue that the normative role of rationality differs in the human and artificial contexts. While rationality in human-focused fields of study is normative, prescribing how humans ought to reason, the normative conception in AI is built on a notion of human rationality which is descriptive, not normative, in the human context, as AI aims at building agents which reason as humans do. In order to make this point, we review prominent notions of rationality used in psychology, cognitive science, and (the history of) philosophy, as well as in AI, and discuss some factors that contributed to rationality being assigned the differing normative statuses in the differing fields of study. We argue that while 'rationality' is a normative notion in both AI and in human reasoning, the normativity of the AI conception of 'rationality' is grounded in a descriptive account of human rationality.
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13 CFR 500.205 - Application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... independent Certified Public Accountants; (8)(i) An independent oil and gas company, as defined in section 201... financial statements reviewed by a certified public accountant following generally accepted accounting... independent certified public accountant. Statements from the prior two years must be reviewed by a certified...
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48 CFR 522.406-6 - Payrolls and statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Payrolls and statements. 522.406-6 Section 522.406-6 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS APPLICATION OF LABOR LAWS TO GOVERNMENT ACQUISITIONS Labor Standards for Contracts...
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Young Children Attribute Normativity to Novel Actions without Pedagogy or Normative Language
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schmidt, Marco F. H.; Rakoczy, Hannes; Tomasello, Michael
2011-01-01
Young children interpret some acts performed by adults as normatively governed, that is, as capable of being performed either rightly or wrongly. In previous experiments, children have made this interpretation when adults introduced them to novel acts with normative language (e.g. "this is the way it goes"), along with pedagogical cues signaling…
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de la Motte, Sarah J.; Gribbin, Timothy C.; Lisman, Peter; Beutler, Anthony I.; Deuster, Patricia
2016-01-01
Context: Musculoskeletal injuries (MSK-Is) are a leading cause of missed duty time and morbidity in the military. Modifiable risk factors for MSK-Is, such as inadequate core stability, poor movement patterns, and dynamic balance deficits, have not been identified in military applicants on entering service. Objective: To establish normative functional movement data using a series of screens in military applicants entering basic training and explore relationships among several movement tests. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military Entrance Processing Station. Patients or Other Participants: A total of 1714 (1434 male, 280 female) military applicants entering the US Army (n = 546), Navy (n = 414), Air Force (n = 229), or Marine Corps (n = 525). Intervention(s): We conducted the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance Test (YBT), overhead squat (OHS), and Landing Error Scoring System (LESS). Movements were assessed using the scoring convention for each screen. Main Outcome Measure(s): The FMS, YBT, OHS, and LESS scores and associations among the movement screens as well as clinical meaningfulness. Results: A total of 1037 of the 1714 enrolled applicants were screened on the day they left for basic training. Normative means for this population were established: FMS = 14.7 ± 1.8, YBT anterior-reach difference = 3.1 ± 3.0 cm, mean YBT composite differences = 8.0 ± 6.8 cm, mean YBT composite percentage = 90.9% ± 8.3%, OHS errors = 5.0 ± 2.8, and LESS score = 5.7 ± 2.1. Backward regression results revealed that the YBT composite percentage was related to the FMS and OHS scores in males and to the FMS and LESS results in females. However, clinically meaningful relationships between the tests varied for both males and females. Conclusions: Sex-normative values for the FMS, YBT, OHS, and LESS screens were established for US military applicants, and some of the assessments overlapped. Overall, males performed better on the OHS and LESS and achieved a greater YBT composite percentage than females. The regression results revealed movement screen performance relationships that varied by sex and clinical meaningfulness. In future studies, we will determine if performance on any of the screens is associated with MSK-Is in basic trainees. PMID:27831746
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Fuller, G W; Govind, O; Tucker, R; Raftery, M
2018-04-01
To establish normative reference data for the SCAT3 in professional Rugby Union players. A cross sectional study in professional Rugby Union players competing in national and international professional competitions between 2015 and 2016. The SCAT3 was administered pre-season or prior to tournaments. Data was collected electronically using a custom tablet application. SCAT3 subcomponents distributions were described and normative ranges determined using percentile cut-offs for average, unusually low/high, and extremely low/high scores. The association between player characteristics and performance in SCAT3 subcomponents was also investigated in exploratory analyses. A total of 3611 professional Rugby Union players were included. The most common baseline symptom was fatigue (14%). The symptom score median (md) was 0 (interquartile range (IQR)=0-1). Symptom severity md was 0 (IQR=0-1). The md of the SAC score was 28 (IQR=26-29). The md of the MBESS was 2 (IQR=0-4). The Tandem gait md was 11.1s (IQR=10.0-12.7s). Upper limb coordination was normal in 98.4%. Younger age and lower educational level were associated with worse performance on delayed recall and reverse month sub-components of the SCAT3 (p<0.0001). No statistically significant differences in SCAT3 subcomponents were evident across gender. Representative normative reference values for the SCAT3 among professional Rugby Union players are provided. Baseline performance on concentration and delayed recall tests may be lower in younger athletes or in those with lower educational level. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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7 CFR 735.402 - Providers of other electronic documents.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... and maximum deductible amounts and applicability of other forms of financial assurances as set forth...) Submit a current review or an audit level financial statement prepared according to generally accepted...) Financial requirements; (9) Terms of insurance policies or assurances; (10) Provider's integrity statement...
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Bibliography of Mock Trial Materials.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Inst. for Citizen Education in the Law, Washington, DC.
This catalog lists general articles on mock trials, information for arranging mock trial competitions, mock trial problem sets, and video tapes. The problem sets contain introductory material, applicable law, statements of facts, witness statements, and documents. The cases include issues in family, consumer, criminal, and immigration law. Several…
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7 CFR 1435.500 - General statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Processor Sugar Payment-In-Kind (PIK) Program § 1435.500 General statement. This subpart shall be applicable to sugar beet and... sugarcane or sugar beets processed by the processors, reduce sugar production in return for a payment of...
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7 CFR 1435.500 - General statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS SUGAR PROGRAM Processor Sugar Payment-In-Kind (PIK) Program § 1435.500 General statement. This subpart shall be applicable to sugar beet and... sugarcane or sugar beets processed by the processors, reduce sugar production in return for a payment of...
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Education in Moral Theory and the Improvement of Moral Thought
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Friday, Jonathan
2004-01-01
This article questions whether the study of normative moral theory and its application to particular moral problems has a beneficial effect upon someone seeking to improve the quality of their moral thinking. A broad outline of the conception of moral thinking underlying moral theory and applied ethics is considered, particularly the logical…
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Reliability and Applicability of Aerodynamic Measures in Dysphonia Assessment
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Yiu, Edwin M.-L.; Yuen, Yuet-Ming; Whitehill, Tara; Winkworth, Alison
2004-01-01
Aerodynamic measures are frequently used to analyse and document pathological voices. Some normative data are available for speakers from the English-speaking population. However, no data are available yet for Chinese speakers despite the fact that they are one of the largest populations in the world. The high variability of aerodynamic measures…
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Laboratory Indices of Nutritional Status in Pregnancy. Summary Report.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC. Food and Nutrition Board.
This report, a condensation of a publication titled "Laboratory Indices of Nutritional Status in Pregnancy," summarizes the effects of normal gestation on certain laboratory indices of nutritional and metabolic status in an effort to provide the clinician with normative data applicable to healthy pregnant women. The report is divided into six…
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Artistic Education and the Possibilities for Citizenship Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Enslin, Penny; Ramírez-Hurtado, Carmen
2013-01-01
Citizenship education and education in the arts are not usually regarded as related. In this application of normative political theory to the nature and purpose of creative and arts-based education, the authors argue that they share some of their basic features and can complement each other in practice. Distinguishing artistic education from…
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Makiguchi in the "Fractured Future": Value-Creating and Transformative World Language Learning
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Goulah, Jason
2009-01-01
This article examines the applicability of Tsunesaburo Makiguchi's (1871-1944) educational ideas in what Denzin and Lincoln (2005) call the "fractured future," a time marked by human, environmental, and climatic destabilization, and a time in which the social sciences "are normative disciplines always already embedded in issues of…
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Applications of different design methodologies in navigation systems and development at JPL
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Thurman, S. W.
1990-01-01
The NASA/JPL deep space navigation system consists of a complex array of measurement systems, data processing systems, and support facilities, with components located both on the ground and on-board interplanetary spacecraft. From its beginings nearly 30 years ago, this system has steadily evolved and grown to meet the demands for ever-increasing navigation accuracy placed on it by a succession of unmanned planetary missions. Principal characteristics of this system are its capabilities and great complexity. Three examples in the design and development of interplanetary space navigation systems are examined in order to make a brief assessment of the usefulness of three basic design theories, known as normative, rational, and heuristic. Evaluation of the examples indicates that a heuristic approach, coupled with rational-based mathematical and computational analysis methods, is used most often in problems such as orbit determination strategy development and mission navigation system design, while normative methods have seen only limited use is such applications as the development of large software systems and in the design of certain operational navigation subsystems.
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The Composition of Normative Groups and Diagnostic Decision Making: Shooting Ourselves in the Foot
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pena, Elizabeth D.; Spaulding, Tammie J.; Plante, Elena
2006-01-01
Purpose: The normative group of a norm-referenced test is intended to provide a basis for interpreting test scores. However, the composition of the normative group may facilitate or impede different types of diagnostic interpretations. This article considers who should be included in a normative sample and how this decision must be made relative…
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Normative influence on condom use in the personal networks of female cocaine smokers.
Richard, A J; Bell, D C; Montoya, I D
2000-08-01
Attitudes-norms research (the theories of planned behavior and reasoned action) has been successful in accounting for many types of behavior change. One of the strengths of this approach has been to combine individual beliefs and normative influences in the explanation of behavior change. However, the conceptualization of normative influence in these theories makes very strong assumptions about self-awareness in the selection of normative referents. These assumptions are particularly problematic when applied to female cocaine smokers, who report frequent sex while under duress or while cognitively impaired. In this study the original conceptualization of normative influence and two alternatives (assuming emotion-based and interaction-based selection of normative referents) are operationalized to evaluate stage of change for condom use among women who are heavy crack cocaine users with multiple sex partners. Results show that stage of change for use of condoms with nonmain partners is best accounted for by interaction-based selection of normative referents.
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Maddock, Jay; Glanz, Karen
2005-02-01
Heavy drinking among college students is a major concern across the country. Several studies have shown that students tend to overestimate the alcohol consumption of students, in general (global social norms), and of their close friends (proximal normative beliefs). Research has also shown that beliefs about others' alcohol consumption is strongly related to alcohol use. We hypothesized that normative beliefs about important referent individuals would mediate the relationship between campus social norms and alcohol consumption. A survey of alcohol use and related variables was completed by 433 university students. Multiple regression was used to examine the mediational role of normative beliefs on social norms and alcohol consumption. These analyses indicate that normative beliefs are a significant mediator of the relationship between social norms and alcohol consumption. Normative beliefs accounted for 52-62% of the proportion of variance mediated. Normative beliefs are an important construct in understanding the relationship between social norms and alcohol use among college students and may be an important area for future interventions.
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Normative influences on aggression in urban elementary school classrooms.
Henry, D; Guerra, N; Huesmann, R; Tolan, P; VanAcker, R; Eron, L
2000-02-01
We report a study aimed at understanding the effects of classroom normative influences on individual aggressive behavior, using samples of 614 and 427 urban elementary school children. Participants were assessed with measures of aggressive behavior and normative beliefs about aggression. We tested hypotheses related to the effects of personal normative beliefs, descriptive classroom norms (the central tendency of classmates' aggressive behavior), injunctive classroom normative beliefs (classmates' beliefs about the acceptability of aggression), and norm salience (student and teacher sanctions against aggression) on longitudinal changes in aggressive behavior and beliefs. injunctive norms affected individual normative beliefs and aggression, but descriptive norms had no effect on either. In classrooms where students and teachers made norms against aggression salient, aggressive behavior diminished over time. Implications for classroom behavior management and further research are discussed.
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Beshears, John; Choi, James J.; Laibson, David; Madrian, Brigitte C.
2009-01-01
Revealed preferences are tastes that rationalize an economic agent’s observed actions. Normative preferences represent the agent’s actual interests. It sometimes makes sense to assume that revealed preferences are identical to normative preferences. But there are many cases where this assumption is violated. We identify five factors that increase the likelihood of a disparity between revealed preferences and normative preferences: passive choice, complexity, limited personal experience, third-party marketing, and intertemporal choice. We then discuss six approaches that jointly contribute to the identification of normative preferences: structural estimation, active decisions, asymptotic choice, aggregated revealed preferences, reported preferences, and informed preferences. Each of these approaches uses consumer behavior to infer some property of normative preferences without equating revealed and normative preferences. We illustrate these issues with evidence from savings and investment outcomes. PMID:24761048
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
..., reports, and records: Falsification, reproduction, or alteration; incorrect statements. 67.403 Section 67..., logbooks, reports, and records: Falsification, reproduction, or alteration; incorrect statements. (a) No... reproduction, for fraudulent purposes, of any medical certificate under this part; or (4) An alteration of any...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
..., reports, and records: Falsification, reproduction, or alteration; incorrect statements. 67.403 Section 67..., logbooks, reports, and records: Falsification, reproduction, or alteration; incorrect statements. (a) No... reproduction, for fraudulent purposes, of any medical certificate under this part; or (4) An alteration of any...
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7 CFR 766.354 - Voluntary conveyance of chattel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... following: (1) An Agency application form; (2) A current financial statement. If the borrower is an entity, all entity members must provide current financial statements; (3) Information on present and future... borrower's account for all recoverable costs incurred in connection with the conveyance. (2) The Agency...
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7 CFR 766.354 - Voluntary conveyance of chattel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... following: (1) An Agency application form; (2) A current financial statement. If the borrower is an entity, all entity members must provide current financial statements; (3) Information on present and future... borrower's account for all recoverable costs incurred in connection with the conveyance. (2) The Agency...
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14 CFR 399.41 - Zones of limited suspension for international cargo rates.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) POLICY STATEMENTS STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY Policies Relating to Rates and Tariffs § 399.41 Zones of limited suspension for international cargo rates. (a) Applicability. This section states the Board's policy for suspending rate changes for the transportation of property...
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46 CFR 502.95 - Prehearing statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... FEDERAL MARITIME COMMISSION GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE... the party or parties have communicated or conferred in a good faith effort to reach stipulation to the... litigated. (5) A brief statement of applicable law. (6) The conclusion to be drawn. (7) Suggested time and...
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34 CFR 303.125 - Fiscal control.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 34 Education 2 2011-07-01 2010-07-01 true Fiscal control. 303.125 Section 303.125 Education... DISABILITIES State Application for a Grant Statement of Assurances § 303.125 Fiscal control. The statement must provide assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures...
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34 CFR 303.125 - Fiscal control.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fiscal control. 303.125 Section 303.125 Education... DISABILITIES State Application for a Grant Statement of Assurances § 303.125 Fiscal control. The statement must provide assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that such fiscal control and fund accounting procedures...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... of Financial Statements § 563c.2 Definitions. (See also 17 CFR 210.1-02.) (a) Registrant. The term “registrant” means an applicant, a savings association, or any other person required to prepare financial... recently completed fiscal year (for purposes of determining whether financial statements of a business...
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Kon, Alexander A.; Davidson, Judy E.; Morrison, Wynne; Danis, Marion; White, Douglas B.
2015-01-01
Objectives Shared decision-making (SDM) is endorsed by critical care organizations, however there remains confusion about what SDM is, when it should be used, and approaches to promote partnerships in treatment decisions. The purpose of this statement is to define SDM, recommend when SDM should be used, identify the range of ethically acceptable decision-making models, and present important communication skills. Methods The American College of Critical Care Medicine (ACCM) and American Thoracic Society (ATS) Ethics Committees reviewed empirical research and normative analyses published in peer-reviewed journals to generate recommendations. Recommendations approved by consensus of the full Ethics Committees of ACCM and ATS were included in the statement. Main Results Six recommendations were endorsed: 1) Definition: Shared decision-making is a collaborative process that allows patients, or their surrogates, and clinicians to make health care decisions together, taking into account the best scientific evidence available, as well as the patient’s values, goals, and preferences. 2) Clinicians should engage in a SDM process to define overall goals of care (including decisions regarding limiting or withdrawing life-prolonging interventions) and when making major treatment decisions that may be affected by personal values, goals, and preferences. 3) Clinicians should use as their “default” approach a SDM process that includes three main elements: information exchange, deliberation, and making a treatment decision. 4) A wide range of decision-making approaches are ethically supportable including patient- or surrogate-directed and clinician-directed models. Clinicians should tailor the decision-making process based on the preferences of the patient or surrogate. 5) Clinicians should be trained in communication skills. 6) Research is needed to evaluate decision-making strategies. Conclusions Patient and surrogate preferences for decision-making roles regarding value-laden choices range from preferring to exercise significant authority to ceding such authority to providers. Clinicians should adapt the decision-making model to the needs and preferences of the patient or surrogate. PMID:26509317
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Kon, Alexander A; Davidson, Judy E; Morrison, Wynne; Danis, Marion; White, Douglas B
2016-01-01
Shared decision making is endorsed by critical care organizations; however, there remains confusion about what shared decision making is, when it should be used, and approaches to promote partnerships in treatment decisions. The purpose of this statement is to define shared decision making, recommend when shared decision making should be used, identify the range of ethically acceptable decision-making models, and present important communication skills. The American College of Critical Care Medicine and American Thoracic Society Ethics Committees reviewed empirical research and normative analyses published in peer-reviewed journals to generate recommendations. Recommendations approved by consensus of the full Ethics Committees of American College of Critical Care Medicine and American Thoracic Society were included in the statement. Six recommendations were endorsed: 1) DEFINITION: Shared decision making is a collaborative process that allows patients, or their surrogates, and clinicians to make healthcare decisions together, taking into account the best scientific evidence available, as well as the patient's values, goals, and preferences. 2) Clinicians should engage in a shared decision making process to define overall goals of care (including decisions regarding limiting or withdrawing life-prolonging interventions) and when making major treatment decisions that may be affected by personal values, goals, and preferences. 3) Clinicians should use as their "default" approach a shared decision making process that includes three main elements: information exchange, deliberation, and making a treatment decision. 4) A wide range of decision-making approaches are ethically supportable, including patient- or surrogate-directed and clinician-directed models. Clinicians should tailor the decision-making process based on the preferences of the patient or surrogate. 5) Clinicians should be trained in communication skills. 6) Research is needed to evaluate decision-making strategies. Patient and surrogate preferences for decision-making roles regarding value-laden choices range from preferring to exercise significant authority to ceding such authority to providers. Clinicians should adapt the decision-making model to the needs and preferences of the patient or surrogate.
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Fox, Caroline S; Hall, Jennifer L; Arnett, Donna K; Ashley, Euan A; Delles, Christian; Engler, Mary B; Freeman, Mason W; Johnson, Julie A; Lanfear, David E; Liggett, Stephen B; Lusis, Aldons J; Loscalzo, Joseph; MacRae, Calum A; Musunuru, Kiran; Newby, L Kristin; O'Donnell, Christopher J; Rich, Stephen S; Terzic, Andre
2015-05-12
The field of genetics and genomics has advanced considerably with the achievement of recent milestones encompassing the identification of many loci for cardiovascular disease and variable drug responses. Despite this achievement, a gap exists in the understanding and advancement to meaningful translation that directly affects disease prevention and clinical care. The purpose of this scientific statement is to address the gap between genetic discoveries and their practical application to cardiovascular clinical care. In brief, this scientific statement assesses the current timeline for effective translation of basic discoveries to clinical advances, highlighting past successes. Current discoveries in the area of genetics and genomics are covered next, followed by future expectations, tools, and competencies for achieving the goal of improving clinical care. © 2015 American Heart Association, Inc.
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Directions of Small Group Research for the 1980's.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Becker, Samuel L.
Speech communicators need to return to applied research, developing theoretical statements about how groups might work better and testing the validity of those statements. Among the tasks that group communication researchers might take up are determining the range of applicability of generalizations concerning different kinds of groups, studying…
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34 CFR 303.123 - Prohibition against commingling.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... assurance in this section is satisfied by the use of an accounting system that includes an “audit trail” of... TODDLERS WITH DISABILITIES State Application for a Grant Statement of Assurances § 303.123 Prohibition against commingling. The statement must include an assurance satisfactory to the Secretary that funds made...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-15
... of information collection under review; Form G- 646, Sworn Statement of Refugee Applying for... the Form/Collection: Sworn Statement of Refugee Applying for Admission to the United States. (3... the applicants to the United States as refugees. (5) An estimate of the total number of respondents...
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17 CFR 270.2a-7 - Money market funds.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... Out and Use of Names and Titles. (1) It shall be an untrue statement of material fact within the... registration statement, application, report, account, record, or other document filed or transmitted pursuant... addressed to or intended for distribution to prospective investors that is required to be filed with the...
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12 CFR Appendix C to Part 1002 - Sample Notification Forms
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
...—Sample Notice of Action Taken and Statement of Reasons Statement of Credit Denial, Termination or Change... report. Your credit score can change, depending on how the information in your consumer report changes... discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital...
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12 CFR Appendix C to Part 1002 - Sample Notification Forms
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
...—Sample Notice of Action Taken and Statement of Reasons Statement of Credit Denial, Termination or Change... report. Your credit score can change, depending on how the information in your consumer report changes... discriminating against credit applicants on the basis of race, color, religion, national origin, sex, marital...
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40 CFR 156.200 - Scope and applicability.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... this chapter. These statements refer to specific workplace practices designed to reduce or eliminate... 170 of this chapter. The requirements addressed in these statements are designed to reduce the risk of... shall be distributed or sold without amended labeling by any registrant after April 21, 1994, or by any...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-03
... Energy Projects has reviewed the application for license for the Eagle Mountain Pumped Storage... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13123-002--California] Eagle Crest Energy Company; Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the...
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29 CFR 780.128 - General statement on “secondary” agriculture.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General statement on âsecondaryâ agriculture. 780.128... APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Practices Exempt Under âsecondaryâ Meaning of Agriculture...
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29 CFR 780.128 - General statement on “secondary” agriculture.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General statement on âsecondaryâ agriculture. 780.128... APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Practices Exempt Under âsecondaryâ Meaning of Agriculture...
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29 CFR 780.128 - General statement on “secondary” agriculture.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General statement on âsecondaryâ agriculture. 780.128... APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Practices Exempt Under âsecondaryâ Meaning of Agriculture...
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29 CFR 780.128 - General statement on “secondary” agriculture.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General statement on âsecondaryâ agriculture. 780.128... APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Practices Exempt Under âsecondaryâ Meaning of Agriculture...
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29 CFR 780.128 - General statement on “secondary” agriculture.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General statement on âsecondaryâ agriculture. 780.128... APPLICABLE TO AGRICULTURE, PROCESSING OF AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES, AND RELATED SUBJECTS UNDER THE FAIR LABOR STANDARDS ACT General Scope of Agriculture Practices Exempt Under âsecondaryâ Meaning of Agriculture...
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40 CFR 85.2110 - Submission of owners' manuals and warranty statements to EPA.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Control System Performance Warranty Regulations and Voluntary Aftermarket Part Certification Program § 85... booklet (if applicable) for each model vehicle, except that, if the same warranty information is to be... with a statement that such copies are complete and accurate representation of the warranty information...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-07-01
... solar, wind and geothermal testing and development in a renewable energy evaluation area located near... pending geothermal lease application within the renewable energy evaluation area. This CDCA Draft Plan... Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the West Chocolate Mountains Renewable Energy...
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8 CFR 212.15 - Certificates for foreign health care workers.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... occupational therapy or physical therapy. (ii) Registered nurses and other health care workers requiring the... care workers, or certified statements to nurses shall submit Form I-905, Application for Authorization... certificates to foreign health care workers or certified statements to nurses will be made in 5-year increments...
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8 CFR 212.15 - Certificates for foreign health care workers.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... occupational therapy or physical therapy. (ii) Registered nurses and other health care workers requiring the... care workers, or certified statements to nurses shall submit Form I-905, Application for Authorization... certificates to foreign health care workers or certified statements to nurses will be made in 5-year increments...
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Report #2003-1-00086, March 26, 2003. The audit contains reports on the financial statements, internal controls, and compliance requirements applicable to the Clean Water State Revolving Fund program in New Hampshire for the year ended June 30, 2002.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-31
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 2149-152] Wells Hydroelectric Project; Notice of Availability of the Final Environmental Impact Statement for the Wells... application for license for the Wells Hydroelectric Project (FERC No. 2149), located on the Columbia River in...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-04-13
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 2149-152] Wells Hydroelectric Project; Notice of Availability of the Draft Environmental Impact Statement for the Wells... of Energy Projects has reviewed the application for license for the Wells Hydroelectric Project (FERC...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-08-09
...] Draft Environmental Impact Statement for Alabama Beach Mouse General Conservation Plan for Incidental... future incidental take applications. The take would affect the federally endangered Alabama beach mouse... GCP and the dEIS. These documents analyze the take of the Alabama beach mouse incidental to...
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17 CFR 210.10-01 - Interim financial statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... accountant on the review must be filed with the interim financial statements. (e) Filing of other interim... sheets shall include only major captions (i.e., numbered captions) prescribed by the applicable sections... the date of any material accounting change and the reasons for making it. In addition, for filings on...
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10 CFR 51.92 - Supplement to the final environmental impact statement.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Supplement to the final environmental impact statement. 51.92 Section 51.92 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... or its impacts. (b) In a proceeding for a combined license application under 10 CFR part 52...
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29 CFR 4231.8 - Notice of merger or transfer.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
..., including an enrolled actuary's certification to that effect). (3) The proposed effective date of the... statements, certified by an enrolled actuary: (i) A statement that the plan satisfies the applicable plan... on which the actuary has determined that benefits under the plan are not reasonably expected to be...
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75 FR 5154 - Assurant, Inc., et al.; Notice of Application and Temporary Order
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-01
... recording of income for third quarter of 2004 in the consolidated financial statements included in its periodic and other filings for 2004. The inaccuracies in the financial statements relate to recorded income... to The Hartford Financial Services Group, Inc. (``Hartford'') through modified coinsurance (the...
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12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a... institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...
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12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-01-01
... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) General § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a... institution shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...
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12 CFR 1005.9 - Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... TRANSFERS (REGULATION E) § 1005.9 Receipts at electronic terminals; periodic statements. (a) Receipts at... shall make a receipt available to a consumer at the time the consumer initiates an electronic fund transfer at an electronic terminal. The receipt shall set forth the following information, as applicable...
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This memorandum sets out a Statement of Policy under the RCRA clarifying the application of the Land Disposal Restrictions (LDR) prohibition on dilution (see 40 CFR 268.3) to combustion of certain inorganic metal-bearing hazardous wastes.
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Autism research funding allocation: can economics tell us if we have got it right?
Zwicker, Jennifer D; Emery, J C Herbert
2014-12-01
There is a concern that the allocation of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) research funding may be misallocating resources, overemphasizing basic science at the expense of translational and clinical research. Anthony Bailey has proposed that an economic evaluation of autism research funding allocations could be beneficial for funding agencies by identifying under- or overfunded areas of research. In response to Bailey, we illustrate why economics cannot provide an objective, technical solution for identifying the "best" allocation of research resources. Economic evaluation has its greatest power as a late-stage research tool for interventions with identified objectives, outcomes, and data. This is not the case for evaluating whether research areas are over- or underfunded. Without an understanding of how research funding influences the likelihood and value of a discovery, or without a statement of the societal objectives for ASD research and level of risk aversion, economic analysis cannot provide a useful normative evaluation of ASD research. © 2014 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Horizontal gaze nystagmus: a review of vision science and application issues.
Rubenzer, Steven J; Stevenson, Scott B
2010-03-01
The Horizontal Gaze Nystagmus (HGN) test is one component of the Standardized Field Sobriety Test battery. This article reviews the literature on smooth pursuit eye movement and gaze nystagmus with a focus on normative responses, the influence of alcohol on these behaviors, and stimulus conditions similar to those used in the HGN sobriety test. Factors such as age, stimulus and background conditions, medical conditions, prescription medications, and psychiatric disorder were found to affect the smooth pursuit phase of HGN. Much less literature is available for gaze nystagmus, but onset of nystagmus may occur in some sober subjects at 45 degrees or less. We conclude that HGN is limited by large variability in the underlying normative behavior, from methods and testing environments that are often poorly controlled, and from a lack of rigorous validation in laboratory settings.
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'Nobody tosses a dwarf!' The relation between the empirical and the normative reexamined.
Leget, Carlo; Borry, Pascal; de Vries, Raymond
2009-05-01
This article discusses the relation between empirical and normative approaches in bioethics. The issue of dwarf tossing, while admittedly unusual, is chosen as a point of departure because it challenges the reader to look with fresh eyes upon several central bioethical themes, including human dignity, autonomy, and the protection of vulnerable people. After an overview of current approaches to the integration of empirical and normative ethics, we consider five ways that the empirical and normative can be brought together to speak to the problem of dwarf tossing: prescriptive applied ethics, theoretical ethics, critical applied ethics, particularist ethics and integrated empirical ethics. We defend a position of critical applied ethics that allows for a two-way relation between empirical and normative theories. Against efforts fully to integrate the normative and the empirical into one synthesis, we propose that the two should stand in tension and relation to one another. The approach we endorse acknowledges that a social practice can and should be judged both by the gathering of empirical data and by normative ethics. Critical applied ethics uses a five stage process that includes: (a) determination of the problem, (b) description of the problem, (c) empirical study of effects and alternatives, (d) normative weighing and (e) evaluation of the effects of a decision. In each stage, we explore the perspective from both the empirical (sociological) and the normative ethical point of view. We conclude by applying our five-stage critical applied ethics to the example of dwarf tossing.
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Health Promotion in an Age of Normative Equity and Rampant Inequality
Labonté, Ronald
2016-01-01
The world was different when the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion was released 30 years ago. Concerns over the environment and what we now call the ‘social determinants of health’ were prominent in 1986. But the acceleration of ecological crises and economic inequalities since then, in a more complex and multi-polar world, pose dramatically new challenges for those committed to the original vision of the Charter. Can the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), agreed to by all the world’s governments, offer a new advocacy and programmatic platform for a renewal of health promotion’s founding ethos? Critiqued from both the right and the left for, respectively, their aspirational idealism and lack of political analysis, the SDGs are an imperfect but still compelling normative statement of how much of the world thinks the world should look like. Many of the goals and targets provide signals for what we need to achieve, even if there remains a critical lacuna in articulating how this is to be done. The fundamental flaw in the SDGs is the implicit assumption that the same economic system, and its still-present neoliberal governing rules, that have created or accelerated our present era of rampaging inequality and environmental peril can somehow be harnessed to engineer the reverse. This flaw is not irrevocable, however, if health promoters – practitioners, researchers, advocates – focus their efforts on a few key SDGs that, with some additional critique, form a basic blueprint for a system of national and global regulation of capitalism (or even its transformation) that is desperately needed for social and ecological survival into the 22nd century. Whether or not these efforts succeed is a future unknown; but that the efforts are made is a present urgency. PMID:28005546
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An Update of Judicial Rulings Specific to FBAs or BIPs under the IDEA and Corollary State Laws
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Zirkel, Perry A.
2017-01-01
Exemplifying the insufficient treatment of legal issues in refereed journals in special education and related fields, the limited legal coverage of functional behavioral assessments (FBAs) and behavior intervention plans (BIPs) tends to view the applicable case law through normative lenses. This skewed view characterizes the case law as requiring…
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Lauren M. Heesemann; Jerry J. Vaske; David K. Loomis
2010-01-01
This study examines Florida Keys snorkeler and SCUBA diver encounter norms using the Potential for Conflict Index2 (PCI2). Snorkelers and SCUBA divers evaluated the acceptability of encountering a specific number of other snorkelers and SCUBA divers on a 7-point scale ranging from extremely acceptable (3) to extremely...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schaefer, Blanca; Bowyer-Crane, Claudine; Herrmann, Frank; Fricke, Silke
2016-01-01
For professionals working with multilingual children, detecting language deficits in a child's home language can present a challenge. This is largely due to the scarcity of standardized assessments in many children's home languages and missing normative data on multilingual language acquisition. A common approach is to translate existing English…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Les, Tomasz
2017-01-01
In this article, I present the argument that educational theory has specific character, which distinguishes it from most scientific disciplines. It requires the application of not only strictly scientific methods, which essentially consist of descriptions and explanations, but also normative ones, which indicate how it is related to philosophy and…
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Beyond a Rule--Following Model of Skillful Practice in Teacher Development
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gottlieb, Derek
2012-01-01
Both contemporary popular and scholarly discourse on teacher development and evaluation assumes the truth of a certain view of normative human behavior, one that holds that skill in a given domain is predicated upon the application of maxims, rules, or principles in a given situation. Such a view would allow one to isolate behaviors associated…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hahn, Michael
2016-01-01
"Ex corde Ecclesiae" (1990) continues to be the normative teaching of the universal Church twenty-five years after it was promulgated by Pope John Paul II, and its "Application for the United States" (2000) remains in force as particular law. Minimalist interpretations have emphasized the requirement of the…
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García-Gómez, Pilar; Schokkaert, Erik; Van Ourti, Tom; d’Uva, Teresa Bago
2016-01-01
We apply the theory of inequality of opportunity to the measurement of inequity in mortality. Using a rich dataset linking records of mortality and health events to survey data on lifestyles for the Netherlands (1998–2007), we test the sensitivity of estimated inequity to different normative choices and conclude that the location of the responsibility cut is of vital importance. Traditional measures of inequity (such as socioeconomic and regional inequalities) only capture part of more comprehensive notions of unfairness. We show that distinguishing between different routes via which variables might be associated to mortality is essential to the application of different normative positions. Using the fairness gap (direct unfairness), measured inequity according to our implementation of the “control” and “preference” approaches ranges between 0.0229–0.0239 (0.0102–0.0218), while regional and socioeconomic inequalities are smaller than 0.0020 (0.0001). The usual practice of standardizing for age and gender has large effects on measured inequity. Finally, we use our model to measure inequity in simulated counterfactual situations. While it is a big challenge to identify all causal relationships involved in this empirical context, this does not affect our main conclusions regarding the importance of normative choices in the measurement of inequity. PMID:25073459
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Evidence-based ethics – What it should be and what it shouldn't
Strech, Daniel
2008-01-01
Background The concept of evidence-based medicine has strongly influenced the appraisal and application of empirical information in health care decision-making. One principal characteristic of this concept is the distinction between "evidence" in the sense of high-quality empirical information on the one hand and rather low-quality empirical information on the other hand. In the last 5 to 10 years an increasing number of articles published in international journals have made use of the term "evidence-based ethics", making a systematic analysis and explication of the term and its applicability in ethics important. Discussion In this article four descriptive and two normative characteristics of the general concept "evidence-based" are presented and explained systematically. These characteristics are to then serve as a framework for assessing the methodological and practical challenges of evidence-based ethics as a developing methodology. The superiority of evidence in contrast to other empirical information has several normative implications such as the legitimization of decisions in medicine and ethics. This implicit normativity poses ethical concerns if there is no formal consent on which sort of empirical information deserves the label "evidence" and which does not. In empirical ethics, which relies primarily on interview research and other methods from the social sciences, we still lack gold standards for assessing the quality of study designs and appraising their findings. Conclusion The use of the term "evidence-based ethics" should be discouraged, unless there is enough consensus on how to differentiate between high- and low-quality information produced by empirical ethics. In the meantime, whenever empirical information plays a role, the process of ethical decision-making should make use of systematic reviews of empirical studies that involve a critical appraisal and comparative discussion of data. PMID:18937838
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Everybody's Doin' It (Right?): Neighborhood Norms and Sexual Activity in Adolescence
Warner, Tara D.; Giordano, Peggy C.; Manning, Wendy D.; Longmore, Monica A.
2011-01-01
A neighborhood's normative climate is linked to, but conceptually distinct from, its structural characteristics such as poverty and racial/ethnic composition. Given the deleterious consequences of early sexual activity for adolescent health and well-being, it is important to assess normative influences on youth behaviors such as sexual debut, number of sex partners, and involvement in casual sexual experiences. The current study moves beyond prior research by constructing a measure of normative climate that more fully captures neighborhood norms, and analyzing the influence of normative climate on behavior in a longitudinal framework. Using recently geo-coded data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we analyze the effect of normative climate on adolescents' sexual behaviors. Results indicate that variation in neighborhood normative climates increases adolescents' odds of sexual debut and casual sex, and is associated with their number of sex partners, even after accounting for neighborhood structural disadvantage and demographic risk factors. PMID:22427712
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Hurst, Duane F; Locke, Dona E C; Osborne, David
2010-09-01
Many transplant centers require personality assessment and/or psychiatric clearance prior to allowing an individual to donate a kidney. This is a unique cohort for personality assessment, and there is no normative information available for this population on standardized self-report measures such as the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). We evaluated a prospective sample of 434 kidney donor candidates with development of normative T-scores relevant to this specific comparison group. Compared to the original normative group from the PAI manual, potential kidney donors are 5-7 T-score points above the mean on PIM, RXR, DOM, and WRM and 4-6 points below the mean on the majority of the remaining scales. Raw score/T score conversion tables are provided. The normative data provided here is meant to supplement the original normative information and aid psychologists in evaluation of this unique medical population.
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Spanish Multicenter Normative Studies (NEURONORMA Project): methods and sample characteristics.
Peña-Casanova, Jordi; Blesa, Rafael; Aguilar, Miquel; Gramunt-Fombuena, Nina; Gómez-Ansón, Beatriz; Oliva, Rafael; Molinuevo, José Luis; Robles, Alfredo; Barquero, María Sagrario; Antúnez, Carmen; Martínez-Parra, Carlos; Frank-García, Anna; Fernández, Manuel; Alfonso, Verónica; Sol, Josep M
2009-06-01
This paper describes the methods and sample characteristics of a series of Spanish normative studies (The NEURONORMA project). The primary objective of our research was to collect normative and psychometric information on a sample of people aged over 49 years. The normative information was based on a series of selected, but commonly used, neuropsychological tests covering attention, language, visuo-perceptual abilities, constructional tasks, memory, and executive functions. A sample of 356 community dwelling individuals was studied. Demographics, socio-cultural, and medical data were collected. Cognitive normality was validated via informants and a cognitive screening test. Norms were calculated for midpoint age groups. Effects of age, education, and sex were determined. The use of these norms should improve neuropsychological diagnostic accuracy in older Spanish subjects. These data may also be of considerable use for comparisons with other normative studies. Limitations of these normative data are also commented on.
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Bolton, Matthew L.; Bass, Ellen J.; Siminiceanu, Radu I.
2012-01-01
Breakdowns in complex systems often occur as a result of system elements interacting in unanticipated ways. In systems with human operators, human-automation interaction associated with both normative and erroneous human behavior can contribute to such failures. Model-driven design and analysis techniques provide engineers with formal methods tools and techniques capable of evaluating how human behavior can contribute to system failures. This paper presents a novel method for automatically generating task analytic models encompassing both normative and erroneous human behavior from normative task models. The generated erroneous behavior is capable of replicating Hollnagel’s zero-order phenotypes of erroneous action for omissions, jumps, repetitions, and intrusions. Multiple phenotypical acts can occur in sequence, thus allowing for the generation of higher order phenotypes. The task behavior model pattern capable of generating erroneous behavior can be integrated into a formal system model so that system safety properties can be formally verified with a model checker. This allows analysts to prove that a human-automation interactive system (as represented by the model) will or will not satisfy safety properties with both normative and generated erroneous human behavior. We present benchmarks related to the size of the statespace and verification time of models to show how the erroneous human behavior generation process scales. We demonstrate the method with a case study: the operation of a radiation therapy machine. A potential problem resulting from a generated erroneous human action is discovered. A design intervention is presented which prevents this problem from occurring. We discuss how our method could be used to evaluate larger applications and recommend future paths of development. PMID:23105914
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Putting Public Health Ethics into Practice: A Systematic Framework
Marckmann, Georg; Schmidt, Harald; Sofaer, Neema; Strech, Daniel
2015-01-01
It is widely acknowledged that public health practice raises ethical issues that require a different approach than traditional biomedical ethics. Several frameworks for public health ethics (PHE) have been proposed; however, none of them provides a practice-oriented combination of the two necessary components: (1) a set of normative criteria based on an explicit ethical justification and (2) a structured methodological approach for applying the resulting normative criteria to concrete public health (PH) issues. Building on prior work in the field and integrating valuable elements of other approaches to PHE, we present a systematic ethical framework that shall guide professionals in planning, conducting, and evaluating PH interventions. Based on a coherentist model of ethical justification, the proposed framework contains (1) an explicit normative foundation with five substantive criteria and seven procedural conditions to guarantee a fair decision process, and (2) a six-step methodological approach for applying the criteria and conditions to the practice of PH and health policy. The framework explicitly ties together ethical analysis and empirical evidence, thus striving for evidence-based PHE. It can provide normative guidance to those who analyze the ethical implications of PH practice including academic ethicists, health policy makers, health technology assessment bodies, and PH professionals. It will enable those who implement a PH intervention and those affected by it (i.e., the target population) to critically assess whether and how the required ethical considerations have been taken into account. Thereby, the framework can contribute to assuring the quality of ethical analysis in PH. Whether the presented framework will be able to achieve its goals has to be determined by evaluating its practical application. PMID:25705615
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Hamilton, Kyra; Hagger, Martin S
2018-04-01
Fruit and vegetable intake (FV) is insufficient in industrialized nations and there is excess of discretionary food choices (DC; foods high in fat, sugar, and salt). Long-haul truck drivers are considered a particularly at-risk group given the limited food choices and normatively reinforced eating habits at truck rest-stops. Self-efficacy and normative support are key determinants of eating behavior yet the processes underlying their effects on behavior are not well understood. We tested the direct and interactive effects of self-efficacy and normative support on healthy eating behaviors in long-haul truck drivers in a prospective correlational study. Long-haul truck drivers (N = 82) completed an initial survey containing self-report measures of behavioral intentions, perceived normative support, and self-efficacy for their FV and DC behaviors. Participants completed a follow-up survey 1 week later in which they self-reported their FV and DC behavior. A mediated moderation analysis identified an interactive effect of self-efficacy and normative support on behavior mediated by intention for FV and DC behavior. Specifically, we confirmed a compensation effect in which self-efficacy was more likely to have an effect on FV and DC behavior through intentions in participants with low normative support. Results indicate the importance of self-efficacy in predicting FV and DC intentions and behavior in the absence of a supportive normative environment. The compensatory effect of self-efficacy beliefs on behavior through intentions when normative support is low should be confirmed using experimental methods.
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Riggs, Anne E; Young, Andrew G
2016-08-01
What influences children's normative judgments of conventional rules at different points in development? The current study explored the effects of two contextual factors on children's normative reasoning: the way in which the rules were learned and whether the rules apply to the self or others. Peer dyads practiced a novel collaborative board game comprising two complementary roles. Dyads were either taught both the prescriptive (i.e., what to do) and proscriptive (i.e., what not to do) forms of the rules, taught only the prescriptive form of the rules, or created the rules themselves. Children then judged whether third parties were violating or conforming to the rules governing their own roles and their partner's roles. Early school-aged children's (6- to 7-year-olds; N = 60) normative judgments were strongest when they had been taught the rules (with or without the proscriptive form), but were more flexible for rules they created themselves. Preschool-aged children's (4- to 5-year-olds; N = 60) normative judgments, however, were strongest when they were taught both the prescriptive and proscriptive forms of the rules. Additionally, preschoolers exhibited stronger normative judgments when the rules governed their own roles rather than their partner's roles, whereas school-aged children treated all rules as equally normative. These results demonstrate that children's normative reasoning is contingent on contextual factors of the learning environment and, moreover, highlight 2 specific areas in which children's inferences about the normativity of conventions strengthen over development. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).
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Irmen, Anne
After a brief description of three Piagetian stages (pre-operational, transition to concrete operations, and concrete operations), the author identifies 12 key statements from Piaget's writings. These statements, together with related implications for teaching elementary school mathematics, methods of diagnosing stage acquisition, and examples are…
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ariana, I. M.; Bagiada, I. M.
2018-01-01
Development of spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems is intended to optimize the capabilities of spreadsheet in accounting data processing. The purpose of this study are: 1) to describe the spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems; 2) to test its technical and operational feasibility. This study type is research and development. The main steps of study are: 1) needs analysis (need assessment); 2) developing spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems; and 3) testing the feasibility of spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems. The technical feasibility include the ability of hardware and operating systems to respond the application of accounting, simplicity and ease of use. Operational feasibility include the ability of users using accounting applications, the ability of accounting applications to produce information, and control applications of the accounting applications. The instrument used to assess the technical and operational feasibility of the systems is the expert perception questionnaire. The instrument uses 4 Likert scale, from 1 (strongly disagree) to 4 (strongly agree). Data were analyzed using percentage analysis by comparing the number of answers within one (1) item by the number of ideal answer within one (1) item. Spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems integrate sales, purchases, and cash transaction processing systems to produce financial reports (statement of profit or loss and other comprehensive income, statement of changes in equity, statement of financial position, and statement of cash flows) and other reports. Spreadsheet-based integrated transaction processing systems and financial reporting systems is feasible from the technical aspects (87.50%) and operational aspects (84.17%).
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Rogers, Katherine H; Biesanz, Jeremy C
2015-12-01
There are strong differences between individuals in the tendency to view the personality of others as similar to the average person. That is, some people tend to form more normatively accurate impressions than do others. However, the process behind the formation of normatively accurate first impressions is not yet fully understood. Given that the average individual's personality is highly socially desirable (Borkenau & Zaltauskas, 2009; Wood, Gosling & Potter, 2007), individuals may achieve high normative accuracy by viewing others as similar to the average person or by viewing them in an overly socially desirable manner. The average self-reported personality profile and social desirability, despite being strongly correlated, independently and strongly predict first impressions. Further, some individuals have a more accurate understanding of the average individual's personality than do others. Perceivers with more accurate knowledge about the average individual's personality rated the personality of specific others more normatively accurately (more similar to the average person), suggesting that individual differences in normative judgments include a component of accurate knowledge regarding the average personality. In contrast, perceivers who explicitly evaluated others more positively formed more socially desirable impressions, but not more normatively accurate impressions. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).
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From Metaphors to Formalism: A Heuristic Approach to Holistic Assessments of Ecosystem Health.
Fock, Heino O; Kraus, Gerd
2016-01-01
Environmental policies employ metaphoric objectives such as ecosystem health, resilience and sustainable provision of ecosystem services, which influence corresponding sustainability assessments by means of normative settings such as assumptions on system description, indicator selection, aggregation of information and target setting. A heuristic approach is developed for sustainability assessments to avoid ambiguity and applications to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and OSPAR assessments are presented. For MSFD, nineteen different assessment procedures have been proposed, but at present no agreed assessment procedure is available. The heuristic assessment framework is a functional-holistic approach comprising an ex-ante/ex-post assessment framework with specifically defined normative and systemic dimensions (EAEPNS). The outer normative dimension defines the ex-ante/ex-post framework, of which the latter branch delivers one measure of ecosystem health based on indicators and the former allows to account for the multi-dimensional nature of sustainability (social, economic, ecological) in terms of modeling approaches. For MSFD, the ex-ante/ex-post framework replaces the current distinction between assessments based on pressure and state descriptors. The ex-ante and the ex-post branch each comprise an inner normative and a systemic dimension. The inner normative dimension in the ex-post branch considers additive utility models and likelihood functions to standardize variables normalized with Bayesian modeling. Likelihood functions allow precautionary target setting. The ex-post systemic dimension considers a posteriori indicator selection by means of analysis of indicator space to avoid redundant indicator information as opposed to a priori indicator selection in deconstructive-structural approaches. Indicator information is expressed in terms of ecosystem variability by means of multivariate analysis procedures. The application to the OSPAR assessment for the southern North Sea showed, that with the selected 36 indicators 48% of ecosystem variability could be explained. Tools for the ex-ante branch are risk and ecosystem models with the capability to analyze trade-offs, generating model output for each of the pressure chains to allow for a phasing-out of human pressures. The Bayesian measure of ecosystem health is sensitive to trends in environmental features, but robust to ecosystem variability in line with state space models. The combination of the ex-ante and ex-post branch is essential to evaluate ecosystem resilience and to adopt adaptive management. Based on requirements of the heuristic approach, three possible developments of this concept can be envisioned, i.e. a governance driven approach built upon participatory processes, a science driven functional-holistic approach requiring extensive monitoring to analyze complete ecosystem variability, and an approach with emphasis on ex-ante modeling and ex-post assessment of well-studied subsystems.
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From Metaphors to Formalism: A Heuristic Approach to Holistic Assessments of Ecosystem Health
Kraus, Gerd
2016-01-01
Environmental policies employ metaphoric objectives such as ecosystem health, resilience and sustainable provision of ecosystem services, which influence corresponding sustainability assessments by means of normative settings such as assumptions on system description, indicator selection, aggregation of information and target setting. A heuristic approach is developed for sustainability assessments to avoid ambiguity and applications to the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) and OSPAR assessments are presented. For MSFD, nineteen different assessment procedures have been proposed, but at present no agreed assessment procedure is available. The heuristic assessment framework is a functional-holistic approach comprising an ex-ante/ex-post assessment framework with specifically defined normative and systemic dimensions (EAEPNS). The outer normative dimension defines the ex-ante/ex-post framework, of which the latter branch delivers one measure of ecosystem health based on indicators and the former allows to account for the multi-dimensional nature of sustainability (social, economic, ecological) in terms of modeling approaches. For MSFD, the ex-ante/ex-post framework replaces the current distinction between assessments based on pressure and state descriptors. The ex-ante and the ex-post branch each comprise an inner normative and a systemic dimension. The inner normative dimension in the ex-post branch considers additive utility models and likelihood functions to standardize variables normalized with Bayesian modeling. Likelihood functions allow precautionary target setting. The ex-post systemic dimension considers a posteriori indicator selection by means of analysis of indicator space to avoid redundant indicator information as opposed to a priori indicator selection in deconstructive-structural approaches. Indicator information is expressed in terms of ecosystem variability by means of multivariate analysis procedures. The application to the OSPAR assessment for the southern North Sea showed, that with the selected 36 indicators 48% of ecosystem variability could be explained. Tools for the ex-ante branch are risk and ecosystem models with the capability to analyze trade-offs, generating model output for each of the pressure chains to allow for a phasing-out of human pressures. The Bayesian measure of ecosystem health is sensitive to trends in environmental features, but robust to ecosystem variability in line with state space models. The combination of the ex-ante and ex-post branch is essential to evaluate ecosystem resilience and to adopt adaptive management. Based on requirements of the heuristic approach, three possible developments of this concept can be envisioned, i.e. a governance driven approach built upon participatory processes, a science driven functional-holistic approach requiring extensive monitoring to analyze complete ecosystem variability, and an approach with emphasis on ex-ante modeling and ex-post assessment of well-studied subsystems. PMID:27509185
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NORMATIVE SCIENCE: A CORRUPTING INFLUENCE IN ECOLOGICAL POLICY?
Is normative science corrupting the proper use of science in evaluating ecological policy options? Science is "normative" when it contains tacit policy values and thus, by extension, supports particular policy preferences. He will use the case study of "ecosystem health" as an ...
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O'Connor, A M; Sargeant, J M; Dohoo, I R; Erb, H N; Cevallos, M; Egger, M; Ersbøll, A K; Martin, S W; Nielsen, L R; Pearl, D L; Pfeiffer, D U; Sanchez, J; Torrence, M E; Vigre, H; Waldner, C; Ward, M P
2016-12-01
The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement was first published in 2007 and again in 2014. The purpose of the original STROBE was to provide guidance for authors, reviewers and editors to improve the comprehensiveness of reporting; however, STROBE has a unique focus on observational studies. Although much of the guidance provided by the original STROBE document is directly applicable, it was deemed useful to map those statements to veterinary concepts, provide veterinary examples and highlight unique aspects of reporting in veterinary observational studies. Here, we present the examples and explanations for the checklist items included in the STROBE-Vet Statement. Thus, this is a companion document to the STROBE-Vet Statement Methods and process document, which describes the checklist and how it was developed. © 2016 The Authors. Zoonoses and Public Health published by Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Systematic impact of institutional pressures on safety climate in the construction industry.
He, Qinghua; Dong, Shuang; Rose, Timothy; Li, Heng; Yin, Qin; Cao, Dongping
2016-08-01
This paper explores how three types of institutional pressure (i.e., coercive, mimetic and normative pressures) systematically impact on the safety climate of construction projects. These impacts are empirically tested by survey data collected from 186 questionnaires of construction companies operating in Shanghai, China. The results, obtained by partial least squares analysis, show that organizational management commitment to safety and employee involvement is positively related to all three institutional pressures, while the perception of responsibility for safety and health is significantly influenced by coercive and mimetic pressure. However, coercive and normative pressures have no significant effect on the applicability of safety rules and work practices, revealing the importance of external organizational pressures in improving project safety climate from a systematic view. The findings also provide insights into the use of institutional forces to facilitate the improvement of safety climate in the construction industry. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Subtracting "ought" from "is": descriptivism versus normativism in the study of human thinking.
Elqayam, Shira; Evans, Jonathan St B T
2011-10-01
We propose a critique of normativism, defined as the idea that human thinking reflects a normative system against which it should be measured and judged. We analyze the methodological problems associated with normativism, proposing that it invites the controversial "is-ought" inference, much contested in the philosophical literature. This problem is triggered when there are competing normative accounts (the arbitration problem), as empirical evidence can help arbitrate between descriptive theories, but not between normative systems. Drawing on linguistics as a model, we propose that a clear distinction between normative systems and competence theories is essential, arguing that equating them invites an "is-ought" inference: to wit, supporting normative "ought" theories with empirical "is" evidence. We analyze in detail two research programmes with normativist features - Oaksford and Chater's rational analysis and Stanovich and West's individual differences approach - demonstrating how, in each case, equating norm and competence leads to an is-ought inference. Normativism triggers a host of research biases in the psychology of reasoning and decision making: focusing on untrained participants and novel problems, analyzing psychological processes in terms of their normative correlates, and neglecting philosophically significant paradigms when they do not supply clear standards for normative judgement. For example, in a dual-process framework, normativism can lead to a fallacious "ought-is" inference, in which normative responses are taken as diagnostic of analytic reasoning. We propose that little can be gained from normativism that cannot be achieved by descriptivist computational-level analysis, illustrating our position with Hypothetical Thinking Theory and the theory of the suppositional conditional. We conclude that descriptivism is a viable option, and that theories of higher mental processing would be better off freed from normative considerations.
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Informational and Normative Influences in Conformity from a Neurocomputational Perspective.
Toelch, Ulf; Dolan, Raymond J
2015-10-01
We consider two distinct influences that drive conformity behaviour. Whereas informational influences facilitate adaptive and accurate responses, normative influences bias decisions to enhance social acceptance. We explore these influences from a perspective of perceptual and value-based decision-making models and apply these models to classical works on conformity. We argue that an informational account predicts a surprising tendency to conform. Moreover, we detail how normative influences fit into this framework and interact with social influences. Finally, we explore potential neuronal substrates for informational and normative influences based on a consideration of the neurobiological literature, highlighting conceptual shortcomings particularly with regard to a failure to segregate informational and normative influences. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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A Probabilistic Approach to Data Integration in Biomedical Research: The IsBIG Experiments
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anand, Vibha
2010-01-01
Biomedical research has produced vast amounts of new information in the last decade but has been slow to find its use in clinical applications. Data from disparate sources such as genetic studies and summary data from published literature have been amassed, but there is a significant gap, primarily due to a lack of normative methods, in combining…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rist, Stephan; Chidambaranathan, Mani; Escobar, Cesar; Wiesmann, Urs; Zimmermann, Anne
2007-01-01
The present paper discusses a conceptual, methodological and practical framework within which the limitations of the conventional notion of natural resource management (NRM) can be overcome. NRM is understood as the application of scientific ecological knowledge to resource management. By including a consideration of the normative imperatives that…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Eack, Shaun M.; Bahorik, Amber L.; Hogarty, Susan S.; Greenwald, Deborah P.; Litschge, Maralee Y.; Mazefsky, Carla A.; Minshew, Nancy J.
2013-01-01
Cognitive rehabilitation is an emerging set of potentially effective interventions for the treatment of autism spectrum disorder, yet the applicability of these approaches for "high functioning" adults who have normative levels of intelligence remains unexplored. This study examined the initial cognitive performance characteristics of 40…
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Where the Rubber Meets the Road: The Role of Collegiality and Normative Science in Our Profession
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Plazek, David J.
2010-01-01
Lyndon State College's (LSC) participation in the America's Future Initiative on the U.S. national debt, in association with Public Agenda, began with a grant application for funding to participate. After being awarded funding, as the sole political scientist, I was selected with approval by the administration to attend the September 11 to 13,…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Love, Kevin G.
2013-01-01
Organizational commitment of undergraduate college students to the university was measured by modifying an established measure and demographic differences were examined. Affective, continuance, and normative commitment facets were assessed. No differences based upon gender, race, and GPA were found. Length of time at the university and transfer…
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Speck, Olga; Speck, David; Horn, Rafael; Gantner, Johannes; Sedlbauer, Klaus Peter
2017-01-24
Over the last few decades, the systematic approach of knowledge transfer from biological concept generators to technical applications has received increasing attention, particularly because marketable bio-derived developments are often described as sustainable. The objective of this paper is to rationalize and refine the discussion about bio-derived developments also with respect to sustainability by taking descriptive, normative and emotional aspects into consideration. In the framework of supervised learning, a dataset of 70 biology-derived and technology-derived developments characterised by 9 different attributes together with their respective values and assigned to one of 17 classes was created. On the basis of the dataset a decision tree was generated which can be used as a straightforward classification tool to identify biology-derived and technology-derived developments. The validation of the applied learning procedure achieved an average accuracy of 90.0%. Additional extraordinary qualities of technical applications are generally discussed by means of selected biology-derived and technology-derived examples with reference to normative (contribution to sustainability) and emotional aspects (aesthetics and symbolic character). In the context of a case study from the building sector, all aspects are critically discussed.
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Tracing how normative messages may influence physical activity intention
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Normative messages have been shown to increase intention to do physical activity (PA). We traced how 'positive' and 'negative' normative messages influenced PA intention by comparing constructs of the model of goal-directed behaviour with descriptive norms (MGDB+DN) across control and treatment grou...
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Analytic and heuristic processing influences on adolescent reasoning and decision-making.
Klaczynski, P A
2001-01-01
The normative/descriptive gap is the discrepancy between actual reasoning and traditional standards for reasoning. The relationship between age and the normative/descriptive gap was examined by presenting adolescents with a battery of reasoning and decision-making tasks. Middle adolescents (N = 76) performed closer to normative ideals than early adolescents (N = 66), although the normative/descriptive gap was large for both groups. Correlational analyses revealed that (1) normative responses correlated positively with each other, (2) nonnormative responses were positively interrelated, and (3) normative and nonnormative responses were largely independent. Factor analyses suggested that performance was based on two processing systems. The "analytic" system operates on "decontextualized" task representations and underlies conscious, computational reasoning. The "heuristic" system operates on "contextualized," content-laden representations and produces "cognitively cheap" responses that sometimes conflict with traditional norms. Analytic processing was more clearly linked to age and to intelligence than heuristic processing. Implications for cognitive development, the competence/performance issue, and rationality are discussed.
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Hatiboğlu, Neşe; Habermas, Tilmann
2016-11-01
This study explored the normativity of individual life scripts and their relation to actual life story memories across countries (Turkey and Germany) and subcultures (urban vs. rural, of migrant vs. of indigenous descent). Young adults from provincial Karabük and metropolitan Istanbul (Turkey), second generation Turkish migrants and Germans from Frankfurt a.M. (Germany) provided both their individual versions of the life script and seven most important personal memories. We expected the agreement on the life script, that is, its normativity, and correspondingly its guiding influence on the selection of life story memories to correlate positively with a collectivistic, negatively an individualistic cultural orientation, that is, to be highest in provincial Karabük, less in Istanbul, still less in Turkish migrants in Germany, and finally lowest in native Germans. The study confirmed expectations for the normativity of life scripts, but not for the normativity of most important memories. We conclude that the normativity of life scripts is influenced both by the individualist vs. collectivist orientation.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Statement of Agency Enforcement Policy on Blue... on Blue Signal Protection for Utility Employees The following examples of the application of the train or yard crew exclusion from required blue signal protection for utility employees are provided to...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Statement of Agency Enforcement Policy on Blue... on Blue Signal Protection for Utility Employees The following examples of the application of the train or yard crew exclusion from required blue signal protection for utility employees are provided to...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Statement of Agency Enforcement Policy on Blue... on Blue Signal Protection for Utility Employees The following examples of the application of the train or yard crew exclusion from required blue signal protection for utility employees are provided to...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Statement of Agency Enforcement Policy on Blue... on Blue Signal Protection for Utility Employees The following examples of the application of the train or yard crew exclusion from required blue signal protection for utility employees are provided to...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Statement of Agency Enforcement Policy on Blue... on Blue Signal Protection for Utility Employees The following examples of the application of the train or yard crew exclusion from required blue signal protection for utility employees are provided to...
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17 CFR 210.8-01 - Preliminary Notes to Article 8.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Preliminary Notes to Article 8... CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Article 8 Financial Statements of Smaller Reporting Companies § 210.8-01 Preliminary Notes to Article 8. Sections 210.8-01 to 210.8-08 shall be applicable to financial statements filed for...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-19
... Water Act to construct and operate a 399-Megawatt AC (MWAC) solar photovoltaic (PV) energy generating... Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed Panoche Valley Solar Farm in San Benito County, CA, Corps Permit... Department of the Army permit application to construct a solar photovoltaic energy plant in San Benito County...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-15
...) application for the Desert Harvest Solar Farm Project (Desert Harvest Project), a 150- megawatt (MW) photovoltaic (PV) solar electricity generation project. By this notice the BLM is announcing the beginning of... Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed enXco Desert Harvest Solar Farm...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-16
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Project No. 13239-002] Parker Knoll Hydro, LLC; Notice of Intent To Prepare An Environmental Impact Statement and Notice of Scoping Meetings and Soliciting Scoping Comments Take notice that the following hydroelectric applications have been filed with Commission and are available for...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-14
...-FF03E00000] NiSource, Inc.; Record of Decision, Habitat Conservation Plan, Environmental Impact Statement... to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (ESA). The ITP authorizes NiSource, Inc., to take... public of the availability of the ROD associated with an ITP application received from NiSource, Inc...
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Using a Student-Directed Teaching Philosophy Statement to Assess and Improve One's Teaching
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brinthaupt, Thomas M.; Decker, Stephen C.; Lawrence, Robert
2014-01-01
Faculty members traditionally develop a teaching philosophy statement (TPS) as part of the job application process, for tenure reviews, or to encourage reflection. In this paper, we propose an alternative approach--to develop the TPS with students as the primary target audience, distribute it to students at the beginning of a course, and collect…
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22 CFR 401.19 - Reducing or extending time and dispensing with statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 2 2012-04-01 2009-04-01 true Reducing or extending time and dispensing with... RULES OF PROCEDURE Applications § 401.19 Reducing or extending time and dispensing with statements. In... Commission may reduce or extend the time for the presentation of any paper or the doing of any act required...
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Controls Over Application Software Supporting the Navy’s Inventories Held for Sale (NET)
1994-12-30
This audit was made in support of the audit of the FY 1994 consolidated financial statements for the Navy’s Defense Business Operations Fund (the...Wholesale inventories of $18.2 billion, classified as Inventories Held for Sale (Net), were reported on the Navy’s consolidated financial statements for
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25 CFR 103.26 - What must the borrower supply the lender in its loan application?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... balance sheets and operating statements for the preceding 3 years, or so much of that period that the... projections for the borrower's business, consisting of pro-forma balance sheets, operating statements, and... life, and other kinds of insurance the borrower will maintain on its business assets and operations; (k...
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78 FR 52574 - Westinghouse Electric Company, LLC; Decommissioning Project; Hematite, Missouri
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-08-23
... statement of the issue of law or fact to be raised or controverted, as well as a brief explanation of the... must also include a concise statement of the alleged facts or expert opinions which support the... material issue of law or fact, including references to specific portions of the application for amendment...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-18
... implementation of Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) 04-10, ``Risk- Informed Technical Specifications Initiative 5b... with 10 CFR 51.22. Therefore, pursuant to 10 CFR 51.22(b), no environmental impact statement or... with 10 CFR 51.22. Therefore, pursuant to 10 CFR 51.22(b), no environmental impact statement or...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-16
...- approved Cyber Security Plan. The proposed change is consistent with Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI) 08-09... CFR 51.22(b), no environmental impact statement or environmental assessment need be prepared for these... with 10 CFR 51.22. Therefore, pursuant to 10 CFR 51.22(b), no environmental impact statement or...
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González-Ferrer, A; Peleg, M; Marcos, M; Maldonado, J A
2016-07-01
Delivering patient-specific decision-support based on computer-interpretable guidelines (CIGs) requires mapping CIG clinical statements (data items, clinical recommendations) into patients' data. This is most effectively done via intermediate data schemas, which enable querying the data according to the semantics of a shared standard intermediate schema. This study aims to evaluate the use of HL7 virtual medical record (vMR) and openEHR archetypes as intermediate schemas for capturing clinical statements from CIGs that are mappable to electronic health records (EHRs) containing patient data and patient-specific recommendations. Using qualitative research methods, we analyzed the encoding of ten representative clinical statements taken from two CIGs used in real decision-support systems into two health information models (openEHR archetypes and HL7 vMR instances) by four experienced informaticians. Discussion among the modelers about each case study example greatly increased our understanding of the capabilities of these standards, which we share in this educational paper. Differing in content and structure, the openEHR archetypes were found to contain a greater level of representational detail and structure while the vMR representations took fewer steps to complete. The use of openEHR in the encoding of CIG clinical statements could potentially facilitate applications other than decision-support, including intelligent data analysis and integration of additional properties of data items from existing EHRs. On the other hand, due to their smaller size and fewer details, the use of vMR potentially supports quicker mapping of EHR data into clinical statements.
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“Nobody tosses a dwarf!” The relation between the empirical and normative reexamined
Leget, C.; Borry, P.; De Vries, R.
2009-01-01
This article discusses the relation between empirical and normative approaches in bioethics. The issue of dwarf tossing, while admittedly unusual, is chosen as point of departure because it challenges the reader to look upon several central bioethical themes – including human dignity, autonomy, and the protection of vulnerable people – with fresh eyes. After an overview of current approaches to the integration of empirical and normative ethics, we consider five ways that the empirical and normative can be brought together to speak to the problem of dwarf tossing: prescriptive applied ethics, theorist ethics, critical applied ethics, particularist ethics and integrated empirical ethics. We defend a position of critical applied ethics that allows for a two-way relation between empirical and normative theories. The approach we endorse acknowledges that a social practice can and should be judged by both the gathering of empirical data and by the normative ethics. Critical applied ethics uses a five stage process that includes: (a) determination of the problem, (b) description of the problem, (c) empirical study of effects and alternatives, (d) normative weighing and (e) evaluation of the effects of a decision. In each stage, we explore the perspective from both the empirical (sociological) and the normative ethical poles that, in our view, should operate as two independent focuses of the ellipse that is called bioethics. We conclude by applying our five stage critical applied ethics to the example of dwarf tossing. PMID:19338523
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Wright, Michelle F; Li, Yan
2013-01-01
This longitudinal study examined normative beliefs about aggression (e.g., face-to-face, cyber) in relation to the engagement in cyber aggression 6 months later among 126 (69 women) young adults. Participants completed electronically administered measures assessing their normative beliefs, face-to-face and cyber aggression at Time 1, and cyber aggression 6 months later (Time 2). We found that men reported more cyber relational and verbal aggression when compared to women. After controlling for each other, Time 1 face-to-face relational aggression was positively related to Time 2 cyber relational aggression, whereas Time 1 face-to-face verbal aggression was positively related to Time 2 cyber verbal aggression. Normative beliefs regarding cyber aggression was positively related to both forms of cyber aggression 6 months later, after controlling for normative beliefs about face-to-face aggression. Furthermore, a significant two-way interaction between Time 1 cyber relational aggression and normative beliefs about cyber relational aggression was found. Follow-up analysis showed that Time 1 cyber relational aggression was more strongly related to Time 2 cyber relational aggression when young adults held higher normative beliefs about cyber relational aggression. A similar two-way interaction was found for cyber verbal aggression such that the association between Time 1 and Time 2 cyber verbal aggression was stronger at higher levels of normative beliefs about cyber verbal aggression. Results are discussed in terms of the social cognitive and behavioral mechanisms associated with the engagement of cyber aggression. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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42 CFR 60.7 - The loan application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM The Borrower § 60.7 The loan application process. (a)(1)(i) A student seeking a HEAL... accurately. (2) The student applicant must be informed of the Federal debt collection policies and procedures... student receiving the loan. The applicant must sign a certification statement attesting that the applicant...
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42 CFR 60.7 - The loan application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM The Borrower § 60.7 The loan application process. (a)(1)(i) A student seeking a HEAL... accurately. (2) The student applicant must be informed of the Federal debt collection policies and procedures... student receiving the loan. The applicant must sign a certification statement attesting that the applicant...
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42 CFR 60.7 - The loan application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM The Borrower § 60.7 The loan application process. (a)(1)(i) A student seeking a HEAL... accurately. (2) The student applicant must be informed of the Federal debt collection policies and procedures... student receiving the loan. The applicant must sign a certification statement attesting that the applicant...
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42 CFR 60.7 - The loan application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM The Borrower § 60.7 The loan application process. (a)(1)(i) A student seeking a HEAL... accurately. (2) The student applicant must be informed of the Federal debt collection policies and procedures... student receiving the loan. The applicant must sign a certification statement attesting that the applicant...
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42 CFR 60.7 - The loan application process.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... ASSISTANCE LOAN PROGRAM The Borrower § 60.7 The loan application process. (a)(1)(i) A student seeking a HEAL... accurately. (2) The student applicant must be informed of the Federal debt collection policies and procedures... student receiving the loan. The applicant must sign a certification statement attesting that the applicant...
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42 CFR 60.33 - Making a HEAL loan.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... the applicant is a student, the lender must notify the applicant and the applicant's school named on... creditworthiness, the determination of the loan amount (not to exceed the amount approved by the school), the... applicant and the HEAL school contained in the loan application papers, except where those statements are in...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Application. 8.520 Section 8.520 Shipping COAST GUARD... Streamlined Inspection Program § 8.520 Application. To apply for SIP enrollment, a company will submit an application, in writing, to the cognizant OCMI. The application must contain the following: (a) A statement...
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Environmental Education Research: To What Ends?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jickling, Bob
2009-01-01
This paper engages questions about ends in environmental education research. In doing so, I argue that such questions are essentially normative, and that normative questions are underrepresented in this field. After cautioning about perils of prescribing research agendas, I gently suggest that in environmental education key normative questions…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ylimaki, Rose M.; Fetman, Lisa J.; Matyjasik, Erin; Brunderman, Lynnette; Uljens, Michael
2017-01-01
Background: The purpose of this article is to examine the contributions, gaps, and normativity problems in mainstream sociocultural theories, curriculum theory, and educational leadership studies, considering reflective education theories that provide a less normative alternative. Framework: Our framework introduces reflective education for social…
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Normative Feedback Effects on Learning a Timing Task
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wulf, Gabriele; Chiviacowsky, Suzete; Lewthwaite, Rebecca
2010-01-01
This study investigated the influence of normative feedback on learning a sequential timing task. In addition to feedback about their performance per trial, two groups of participants received bogus normative feedback about a peer group's average block-to-block improvement after each block of 10 trials. Scores indicated either greater (better…
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The Combined Influence of Affective, Continuance and Normative Commitment on Employee Withdrawal
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Somers, Mark John
2009-01-01
In a sample of 288 hospital nurses, commitment profiles were compared to turnover intentions, job search behavior, work withdrawal (absenteeism and lateness) and job stress. Five empirically-derived commitment profiles emerged: highly committed, affective-normative dominant, continuance-normative dominant, continuance dominant, and uncommitted.…
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The Relationship between Philosophy and Evidence in Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schouten, Gina; Brighouse, Harry
2015-01-01
This article explores the ways that philosophy and evidence interact in the exploration of normative questions in philosophy of education. First, the authors provide a description of reflective equilibrium, a central method in normative philosophizing. They proceed to describe three tasks of normative philosophy, each of which requires engagement…
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A facet approach to extending the normative component of the theory of reasoned action.
Donald, I; Cooper, S R
2001-12-01
Using facet theory, this study addresses the weak explanatory power of normative influence in theories of reasoned action or planned behaviour. A broad normative construct is hypothesized as being characterized by two facets--social unit and behavioural modality--each of which is examined in relation to recreational drug use. A questionnaire was developed from the facets and administered to undergraduate students. Data (N = 181) were analysed using Smallest Space Analysis (SSA). The results suggest that the facets provide an adequate description of the normative construct and that personal and social normative beliefs, behavioural norms and behavioural intentions can be distinguished empirically. The results also lend partial support to Ajzen's (1988; Ajzen & Fishbein, 1977) principle of compatibility. Implications for how social influence is operationalized and conceptualized are also discussed.
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The road not taken: Women’s life paths and gender-linked personality traits
Newton, Nicky J.; Stewart, Abigail J.
2013-01-01
Key studies have established an association between women's social roles and their midlife personalities. The current research expands our understanding by examining personality traits in midlife women who followed normative or non-normative life paths. The normative/non-normative distinction was based on two kinds of social roles that college-educated women undertook until midlife: work and family. Gender-linked personality traits were compared between (1) women in high status professions and women in moderate status professions; (2) women without children and women with children; and (3) single mothers and married mothers. Composite measures of gender-linked traits, based on expert-identified Q-sort items, were used. Each non-normative social role group exhibited a different pattern of gender-linked personality traits inconsistent with conventional female gender roles. PMID:23559687
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The Idea of Legitimate Authority in the Practice of Medicine.
Applbaum, Arthur Isak
2017-02-01
Legitimate authority is the normative power to govern, where a normative power is the ability to change the normative situation of others. Correlatively, when one has the normative power to govern others, these others face a normative liability to be governed. So understood, physicians do not have legitimate authority over their patients, and patients do not have legitimate authority over their physicians. An authority is legitimate only when it is a free group agent constituted by its free members. On this conception, associations of physicians sometimes have legitimate authority over individual physicians, and physicians sometimes count as members subject to the legitimate authority of these associations. This might be so even when they have not consented to membership. © 2017 American Medical Association. All Rights Reserved.
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Effects of Normative Feedback for Drinkers Who Consume Less than the Norm: Dodging the Boomerang
Prince, Mark A.; Reid, Allecia; Carey, Kate B.; Neighbors, Clayton
2014-01-01
A number of alcohol interventions designed for college students attempt to correct exaggerated perceptions of alcohol use on college campuses through the use of personalized normative feedback. Personalized normative feedback has been shown effective in reducing drinking both as a stand-alone intervention and as a part of a multi-component intervention. Typically, this feedback is targeted to heavier drinkers, in order to create a discrepancy between their personal beliefs and behavior and the actual lower levels of use on campus. However, little is known about how this form of normative feedback might affect lighter drinkers who learn that they are drinking less than the typical student at their school. The risk is a potential boomerang effect, or an increase in drinking among lighter drinkers receiving personalized feedback. The current study examined four samples from three geographic locations, two employing computer delivered personalized normative feedback alone and two delivering personalized feedback in the context of a brief motivational intervention. We found no evidence for a boomerang effect among lighter drinkers receiving personalized normative feedback in any of the four samples. These findings help to assuage fears of increasing drinking among lighter drinkers through widespread implementation of normative interventions for college students in the absence of screening for current drinking status. PMID:24955672
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Effects of normative feedback for drinkers who consume less than the norm: Dodging the boomerang.
Prince, Mark A; Reid, Allecia; Carey, Kate B; Neighbors, Clayton
2014-06-01
Several alcohol interventions designed for college students attempt to correct exaggerated perceptions of alcohol use on college campuses through the use of personalized normative feedback. Personalized normative feedback has been shown to be effective in reducing drinking as a stand-alone intervention and as a part of a multicomponent intervention. This feedback is typically targeted to heavier drinkers to create a discrepancy between their personal beliefs and behavior and the actual lower levels of use on campus. However, little is known about how this form of normative feedback might affect lighter drinkers who learn that they are drinking less than the typical student at their school. The risk is a potential boomerang effect, or an increase in drinking among lighter drinkers receiving personalized feedback. The current study examined four samples from three geographic locations: two using computer-delivered personalized normative feedback alone and two delivering personalized feedback in the context of a brief motivational intervention. We found no evidence for a boomerang effect among lighter drinkers receiving personalized normative feedback in any of the four samples. These findings help to assuage fears of increasing drinking among lighter drinkers through widespread implementation of normative interventions for college students in the absence of screening for current drinking status.
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Personality traits of Turkish handgun license applicants.
Selek, Salih; Can, Serdar S; Yabanoglu, Ihsan
2012-10-01
Several theories have sought to explain the motivations for handgun possession and the relationship with personality. Perception of handguns also has cultural variations. The aim of the study is to evaluate handgun license applicants' personality profiles. 109 handgun license applicants were included in the study. Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) scores of the applicants were recorded. Scores were compared with Turkish and American normative data for the Inventory. The study group had significantly lower subscores on novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and higher subscores on reward dependence and persistence compared to Turkish norms and significantly lower subscores on novelty seeking, reward dependence, and self-directedness compared to American norms. Results indicate that Turkish handgun license applicants' personality features are more similar to American norms.
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O'Connor, A M; Sargeant, J M; Dohoo, I R; Erb, H N; Cevallos, M; Egger, M; Ersbøll, A K; Martin, S W; Nielsen, L R; Pearl, D L; Pfeiffer, D U; Sanchez, J; Torrence, M E; Vigre, H; Waldner, C; Ward, M P
2016-11-01
The STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) statement was first published in 2007 and again in 2014. The purpose of the original STROBE was to provide guidance for authors, reviewers, and editors to improve the comprehensiveness of reporting; however, STROBE has a unique focus on observational studies. Although much of the guidance provided by the original STROBE document is directly applicable, it was deemed useful to map those statements to veterinary concepts, provide veterinary examples, and highlight unique aspects of reporting in veterinary observational studies. Here, we present the examples and explanations for the checklist items included in the STROBE-Vet statement. Thus, this is a companion document to the STROBE-Vet statement methods and process document (JVIM_14575 "Methods and Processes of Developing the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology-Veterinary (STROBE-Vet) Statement" undergoing proofing), which describes the checklist and how it was developed. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
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Jacques-Tiura, Angela J; Carcone, April Idalski; Naar, Sylvie; Brogan Hartlieb, Kathryn; Albrecht, Terrance L; Barton, Ellen
2017-03-01
We sought to examine communication between counselors and caregivers of adolescents with obesity to determine what types of counselor behaviors increased caregivers' motivational statements regarding supporting their child's weight loss. We coded 20-min Motivational Interviewing sessions with 37 caregivers of African American 12-16-year-olds using the Minority Youth Sequential Coding for Observing Process Exchanges. We used sequential analysis to determine which counselor communication codes predicted caregiver motivational statements. Counselors' questions to elicit motivational statements and emphasis on autonomy increased the likelihood of both caregiver change talk and commitment language statements. Counselors' reflections of change talk predicted further change talk, and reflections of commitment language predicted more commitment language. When working to increase motivation among caregivers of adolescents with overweight or obesity, providers should strive to reflect motivational statements, ask questions to elicit motivational statements, and emphasize caregivers' autonomy. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Pediatric Psychology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com
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7 CFR 1739.15 - Completed application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... completed application must include the following documentation, studies, reports and information in form... sustainability. The applicant must provide a narrative description demonstrating the sustainability of the... sustainability of the Project. (h) A statement of experience. Information on the owners' and principal employees...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... reflecting income and expenditures of the applicant; and any other information necessary to adequately... used in handling loan proceeds. In addition, applications for loans to finance economic enterprises... statements and balance sheets showing the estimated results for operating the enterprise for two years after...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... reflecting income and expenditures of the applicant; and any other information necessary to adequately... used in handling loan proceeds. In addition, applications for loans to finance economic enterprises... statements and balance sheets showing the estimated results for operating the enterprise for two years after...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... reflecting income and expenditures of the applicant; and any other information necessary to adequately... used in handling loan proceeds. In addition, applications for loans to finance economic enterprises... statements and balance sheets showing the estimated results for operating the enterprise for two years after...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... reflecting income and expenditures of the applicant; and any other information necessary to adequately... used in handling loan proceeds. In addition, applications for loans to finance economic enterprises... statements and balance sheets showing the estimated results for operating the enterprise for two years after...
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7 CFR 97.22 - Revival of an application abandoned for failure to reply.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... regulations in this part, may be revived as a pending application within 3 months of such abandonment, upon a.... A request to revive an abandoned application shall be accompanied by a written statement showing the...
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A proposal for an 'equal peer-review' statement.
Moustafa, Khaled
2015-08-01
To make the peer-review process as objective as possible, I suggest the introduction of an 'equal peer-review' statement that preserves author anonymity across the board, thus removing any potential bias related to nominal or institutional 'prestige'; this would guarantee an equal peer-review process for all authors and grant applicants. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-13
... Inc.'s application for a right-of-way authorization to develop a solar photovoltaic generating... requested a right-of-way authorization to develop a solar photovoltaic generating facility with a proposed... LVRWB09B2520] Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement for the Proposed First Solar Desert...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Dutke, Stephan; Barenberg, Jonathan
2015-01-01
We introduce a specific type of item for knowledge tests, confidence-weighted true-false (CTF) items, and review experiences of its application in psychology courses. A CTF item is a statement about the learning content to which students respond whether the statement is true or false, and they rate their confidence level. Previous studies using…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Urbain, Olivier
2016-01-01
Recent years have seen a growing interest in research linking musicking and peacebuilding, and the establishment of the Min-On Music Research Institute (MOMRI) in 2014 in Tokyo follows this trend. Its mission statement is: "To pursue a multidisciplinary investigation of the potential application of music in peacebuilding activities," in…
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Application Guidelines | Cancer Prevention Fellowship Program
Personal Statement of Research Goals In narrative form, describe your research interests and goals and how these relate to cancer prevention and control. Please also provide insight into your short- and long-term career goals, and explain how the CPFP will help you achieve those goals. Limit your personal statement to two typed, single-spaced pages and use 12-point font and 1-inch margins.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Akhmetova, I. G.; Chichirova, N. D.
2017-11-01
Currently the actual problem is a precise definition of the normative and actual heat loss. Existing methods - experimental, on metering devices, on the basis of mathematical modeling methods are not without drawbacks. Heat losses establishing during the heat carrier transport has an impact on the tariff structure of heat supply organizations. This quantity determination also promotes proper choice of main and auxiliary equipment power, temperature chart of heat supply networks, as well as the heating system structure choice with the decentralization. Calculation of actual heat loss and their comparison with standard values justifies the performance of works on improvement of the heat networks with the replacement of piping or its insulation. To determine the cause of discrepancies between normative and actual heat losses thermal tests on the magnitude of the actual heat losses in the 124 sections of heat networks in Kazan. As were carried out the result mathematical model of the regulatory definition of heat losses is developed and tested. This model differ from differs the existing according the piping insulation type. The application of this factor will bring the value of calculative normative losses heat energy to their actual value. It is of great importance for enterprises operating distribution networks and because of the conditions of their configuration and extensions do not have the technical ability to produce thermal testing.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-04
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Mower, Judith C.
The interactive effects of implicit normative and explicit situational consensus information were examined regarding the processes of causal attribution and evaluation. Stimulus items were single sentence descriptions of antisocial and prosocial behaviors representing the extremes of high and low normative consensus in each behavior category, as…
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Predicting Behavior from Normative Influences: What Insights Can the Fishbein Model Offer?
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Walster, Dian E.
The Fishbein Model is an attitude behavior consistency model which is used in both laboratory and field settings for predicting and understanding attitudinal and normative influences on behavior. This paper examines controversy surrounding the Fishbein Model's normative component in the context of a study of library and information science (LIS)…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Werner, Nicole E.; Nixon, Charisse L.
2005-01-01
The relations between normative beliefs about different forms of aggression and corresponding aggressive behaviors were investigated in 2 studies of adolescents. In Study 1, we revised an instrument designed to assess normative beliefs about aggression to include beliefs about the acceptability of relational aggression, and we examined the…
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A Proposal for More Sophisticated Normative Principles in Introductory Economics
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Schmidt, Stephen
2017-01-01
Introductory textbooks teach a simple normative story about the importance of maximizing economic surplus that supports common policy claims. There is little defense of the claim that maximizing surplus is normatively important, which is not obvious to non-economists. Difficulties with the claim that society should maximize surplus are generally…
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Normative Feedback and Adolescent Readiness to Change: A Small Randomized Trial
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Smith, Douglas C.; Davis, Jordan P.; Ureche, Daniel J.; Tabb, Karen M.
2015-01-01
For adolescents with substance use problems, it is unknown whether the provision of normative feedback is a necessary active ingredient in motivational interviewing (MI). This study investigated the impact of normative feedback on adolescents' readiness to change and perceptions of MI quality. Adolescents referred for substance use disorder (SUD)…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Poteat, V. Paul; Kimmel, Michael S.; Wilchins, Riki
2011-01-01
In 2 studies, beliefs supporting the use of violence moderated the association between normative masculine activities and aggressive behavior (Study 1) and normative masculine attitudes and aggressive and homophobic behavior (Study 2) among adolescent boys. These beliefs also moderated the association between normative masculine activities and…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ohlsson, Stellan
2013-01-01
The cognitive sciences, including psychology and education, have their roots in antiquity. In the historically early disciplines like logic and philosophy, the purpose of inquiry was normative. Logic sought to formalize valid inferences, and the various branches of philosophy sought to identify true and certain knowledge. Normative principles are…
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Challenging Normative Sexual and Gender Identity Beliefs through Romeo and Juliet
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ressler, Paula
2005-01-01
Paula Ressler, an English teacher, suggests unconventional ways to work with William Shakespeare's "Romeo and Juliet" in the secondary school English curriculum to challenge normative sexual and gender identity beliefs. Reading queerly to explore non-normative sex and gender identities and reading for social justice have the potential to…
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The Kantian Peace and Greek-Turkish Relations
2007-06-01
of Democracy in Kant’s Perpetual Peace ..........................8 a. The Cultural /Normative Model ................................................9...system, the “political society has solved the problem of combining moral autonomy , individualism, and social order.”14 A...of states according to their political system: the Cultural /Normative Model and the Structural/Institutional Model.16 a. The Cultural /Normative
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Muller Myrdahl, Tiffany K
2009-01-01
In this article, I demonstrate the importance of employing a feminist geographic framework in order to both read WNBA game spaces and to understand lesbian fan participation within these spaces. I argue that attending to the production of WNBA game spaces makes visible the ways that normative cultural politics become manifest, and brings to the fore the ways that dominant relations are naturalized and rarely questioned. Further, attention to the production of these leisure spaces compels an examination of the relationship between spatialized normativity and claims to, and performances of, lesbian identity. By understanding social space as a productive force, it is possible to conduct a critical reading of the materiality of WNBA game spaces and the implications for the reproduction of naturalized (hetero)normativity. In addition, it illustrates that lesbian fan experiences and interpretations of normative WNBA game spaces must be examined in a framework that takes seriously the factors that inhibit critical engagement with (hetero)normativity, as well as the central role that lesbian fans play in the co-production of these spaces.
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Harrison, Allyson G; Armstrong, Irene T; Harrison, Laura E; Lange, Rael T; Iverson, Grant L
2014-12-01
Psychologists practicing in Canada must decide which set of normative data to use for the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV). The purpose of this study was to compare the interpretive effects of applying American versus Canadian normative systems in a sample of 432 Canadian postsecondary-level students who were administered the WAIS-IV as part of an evaluation for a learning disability, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, or other mental health problems. Employing the Canadian normative system yielded IQ, Index, and subtest scores that were systematically lower than those obtained using the American norms. Furthermore, the percentage agreement in normative classifications, defined as American and Canadian index scores within five points or within the same classification range, was between 49% and 76%. Substantial differences are present between the American and Canadian WAIS-IV norms. Clinicians should consider carefully the implications regarding which normative system is most appropriate for specific types of evaluations. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.
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24 CFR 14.200 - Contents of application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... type and purpose of its organization or business. (b) The application shall also include a statement... Agricultural Marketing Act, 12 U.S.C. 1141j(a). (c) If the applicant is a partnership, corporation, association, or organization, or a sole owner of an unincorporated business, the applicant shall state that it did...
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40 CFR 600.512-12 - Model year report.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... CFR parts 531 or 533 as applicable, and the applicable fleet average CO2 emission standards. Model... standards. Model year reports shall include a statement that the method of measuring vehicle track width... models and the applicable in-use CREE emission standard. The list of models shall include the applicable...
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40 CFR 600.512-12 - Model year report.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... CFR parts 531 or 533 as applicable, and the applicable fleet average CO2 emission standards. Model... standards. Model year reports shall include a statement that the method of measuring vehicle track width... models and the applicable in-use CREE emission standard. The list of models shall include the applicable...
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40 CFR 600.512-12 - Model year report.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... CFR parts 531 or 533 as applicable, and the applicable fleet average CO2 emission standards. Model... standards. Model year reports shall include a statement that the method of measuring vehicle track width... models and the applicable in-use CREE emission standard. The list of models shall include the applicable...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... such person and shall contain the following information: (1) Date; (2) Name of applicant, trade names... additional information in support of application; (11) Balance sheet as of a date not more than 3 months prior to application and profit and loss statement for the full year ending as of date of balance sheet...
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37 CFR 1.99 - Third-party submission in published application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... published application. 1.99 Section 1.99 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND... Provisions Information Disclosure Statement § 1.99 Third-party submission in published application. (a) A submission by a member of the public of patents or publications relevant to a pending published application...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... Understanding related to Medical Equipment: applicable Notes applicable to State of Understanding related to Medical Equipment: Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade... Statement of Understanding—medical equipment: Commodities that are “specially designed for medical end-use...
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Normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator of narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying.
Ang, Rebecca P; Tan, Kit-Aun; Talib Mansor, Abu
2011-09-01
The current study examined normative beliefs about aggression as a mediator between narcissistic exploitativeness and cyberbullying using two Asian adolescent samples from Singapore and Malaysia. Narcissistic exploitativeness was significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying and normative beliefs about aggression and normative beliefs about aggression were significantly and positively associated with cyberbullying. Normative beliefs about aggression were a significant partial mediator in both samples; these beliefs about aggression served as one possible mechanism of action by which narcissistic exploitativeness could exert its influence on cyberbullying. Findings extended previous empirical research by showing that such beliefs can be the mechanism of action not only in offline but also in online contexts and across cultures. Cyberbullying prevention and intervention efforts should include modification of norms and beliefs supportive of the legitimacy and acceptability of cyberbullying.
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Salloch, Sabine; Wäscher, Sebastian; Vollmann, Jochen; Schildmann, Jan
2015-04-04
Empirical-ethical research constitutes a relatively new field which integrates socio-empirical research and normative analysis. As direct inferences from descriptive data to normative conclusions are problematic, an ethical framework is needed to determine the relevance of the empirical data for normative argument. While issues of normative-empirical collaboration and questions of empirical methodology have been widely discussed in the literature, the normative methodology of empirical-ethical research has seldom been addressed. Based on our own research experience, we discuss one aspect of this normative methodology, namely the selection of an ethical theory serving as a background for empirical-ethical research. Whereas criteria for a good ethical theory in philosophical ethics are usually related to inherent aspects, such as the theory's clarity or coherence, additional points have to be considered in the field of empirical-ethical research. Three of these additional criteria will be discussed in the article: (a) the adequacy of the ethical theory for the issue at stake, (b) the theory's suitability for the purposes and design of the empirical-ethical research project, and (c) the interrelation between the ethical theory selected and the theoretical backgrounds of the socio-empirical research. Using the example of our own study on the development of interventions which support clinical decision-making in oncology, we will show how the selection of an ethical theory as a normative background for empirical-ethical research can proceed. We will also discuss the limitations of the procedures chosen in our project. The article stresses that a systematic and reasoned approach towards theory selection in empirical-ethical research should be given priority rather than an accidental or implicit way of choosing the normative framework for one's own research. It furthermore shows that the overall design of an empirical-ethical study is a multi-faceted endeavor which has to balance between theoretical and pragmatic considerations.
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10 CFR 609.6 - Submission of Applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
... checklist for the equity and debt to the extent available; (16) Applicant's business plan on which the project is based and Applicant's financial model presenting project pro forma statements for the proposed... backing, together with business and financial interests of controlling or commonly controlled...
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47 CFR 25.117 - Modification of station license.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... application by the Commission. (b) Both earth station and space station modification applications must be filed electronically through the International Bureau Filing System (IBFS) in accordance with the... earth station or space station authorization, must include a verified statement from the applicant: (1...
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15 CFR 971.206 - Statement of ownership.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... ENVIRONMENTAL DATA SERVICE DEEP SEABED MINING REGULATIONS FOR COMMERCIAL RECOVERY PERMITS Applications Contents... demonstrate that the applicant is a United States citizen. (b) Specific. In particular, the application must include: (1) Name, address, and telephone number of the United States citizen responsible for commercial...
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29 CFR 785.46 - Applicable regulations governing keeping of records.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... STATEMENTS OF GENERAL POLICY OR INTERPRETATION NOT DIRECTLY RELATED TO REGULATIONS HOURS WORKED Recording Working Time § 785.46 Applicable regulations governing keeping of records. Section 11(c) of the Act...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-04
... Medical--Comparative Health Statement)) Activities Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... Disability Income Provision, VA Form 29-352. b. Application for Reinstatement (Non Medical--Comparative...
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Requires information about the institution that will sponsor the fellowship applicant, the sponsor's summarized plans for the applicant's training, and the institution's commitment to provide that training.
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49 CFR 365.405 - Applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... transferred. (v) A statement as to whether the transfer will or will not significantly affect the quality of... in Mexico nor owned or controlled by persons of that country. (2) Category 2 applicants must also...
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49 CFR 365.405 - Applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... transferred. (v) A statement as to whether the transfer will or will not significantly affect the quality of... in Mexico nor owned or controlled by persons of that country. (2) Category 2 applicants must also...
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Dunlop, Sally M; Romer, Daniel
2010-10-01
Failure to use seatbelts in motor vehicles is a major source of youth injuries, and previous research has noted the widespread non-use of seatbelts in popular media. To explore whether increased exposure to entertainment screen media was associated with inflated normative perceptions regarding seatbelt non-use, and to determine any associations between normative perceptions and seatbelt non-use. A nationally representative telephone survey of school-aged American adolescents (14-17 years, n=915) measuring: screen media exposure; normative perceptions with reference to friends' disapproval of non-use, and prevalence of non-use among friends, school peers and peers; and self-reported seatbelt non-use. Using structural equation modelling, analyses indicate that, after demographic and individual characteristics relevant to screen media exposure and seatbelt non-use had been controlled for, frequent exposure to entertainment media was associated with positive normative perceptions about seatbelt non-use for boys, but not for girls. Normative perceptions related to friends' and school peers' seatbelt use were associated with seatbelt non-use for both boys and girls. Attempts to increase adolescent seatbelt use could include public communication campaigns to alter normative perceptions. Broadcasting these campaigns in conjunction with the media that under-represent seatbelt use may be a successful strategy for reducing the influence of such media on male adolescents.
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Personal and general belief in a just world as judgement norms.
Alves, Hélder; Correia, Isabel
2010-06-01
Research on the belief in a just world (BJW) has focused on its intra-individual functions (e.g., psychological well-being) and its inter-individual consequences (e.g., derogation of victims). Recent theorizing, however, has indicated that the BJW may also have more societal functions and consequences, serving as a legitimizing device of the status quo. The studies in the current paper focus on this latter view and are based on Alves and Correia's ( 2008 ) research which found that the expression of high personal and general belief in a just world is injunctively normative. Two experimental studies aimed at ascertaining three issues: (1) the dimension(s) of social value (social utility and/or social desirability) on which the BJW normativity anchors; (2) whether the expression of moderate BJW is also injunctively normative; and (3) whether the injunctive normativity of the BJW is related to perceptions of truth. Results indicate that moderate and high personal and general BJW are normative. Yet, whereas the normativity of personal BJW anchors both on social utility and social desirability, that of general BJW anchors only on social utility. We discuss personal and general BJW as judgement norms, whose normativity may not be personally acknowledged (in the case of general BJW) and does not necessarily derive from being perceived as true, but from the fact that such norms carry social value at least in individualistic societies.
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Narratives of Response Error from Cognitive Interviews of Survey Questions about Normative Behavior
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Brenner, Philip S.
2017-01-01
That rates of normative behaviors produced by sample surveys are higher than actual behavior warrants is well evidenced in the research literature. Less well understood is the source of this error. Twenty-five cognitive interviews were conducted to probe responses to a set of common, conventional survey questions about one such normative behavior:…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Riggs, Anne E.; Young, Andrew G.
2016-01-01
What influences children's normative judgments of conventional rules at different points in development? The current study explored the effects of two contextual factors on children's normative reasoning: the way in which the rules were learned and whether the rules apply to the self or others. Peer dyads practiced a novel collaborative board game…
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Early Understanding of Normativity and Freedom to Act in Turkish Toddlers
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Tunçgenç, Bahar; Hohenberger, Annette; Rakoczy, Hannes
2015-01-01
Two studies investigated young 2- and 3-year-old Turkish children's developing understanding of normativity and freedom to act in games. As expected, children, especially 3-year-olds, protested more when there was a norm violation than when there was none. Surprisingly, however, no decrease in normative protest was observed even when the actor…
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Normative Discourse and Persuasion: An Analysis of Ga'dang Informal Litigation.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Walrod, Michael R.
A study of the discourse of Ga'dang, a Philippine language, focuses on normative discourse and persuasion, especially the ways in which the former is used to accomplish the latter. The first five chapters outline the theoretical framework of the study, placing normative and persuasive discourse in a philosophical context and relating them to the…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kikas, Eve; Peets, Katlin; Tropp, Kristiina; Hinn, Maris
2009-01-01
The purpose of the present study was to examine the impact of sex, verbal reasoning, and normative beliefs on direct and indirect forms of aggression. Three scales from the Peer Estimated Conflict Behavior Questionnaire, Verbal Reasoning tests, and an extended version of Normative Beliefs About Aggression Scale were administered to 663 Estonian…
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A Normative Approach to the Legitimacy of Muslim Schools in Multicultural Britain
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hills, Peter Matthew
2015-01-01
Debate has grown about the legitimacy of Muslim faith schools within the British education system. At the same time, scepticism has developed towards multiculturalism as a normative approach for dealing with diversity. This article argues that it is worth retaining the normative impetus of multiculturalism by returning to its roots in political…
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O'Connell, Megan E; Tuokko, Holly; Voll, Stacey; Simard, Martine; Griffith, Lauren E; Taler, Vanessa; Wolfson, Christina; Kirkland, Susan; Raina, Parminder
We detail a new approach to the creation of normative data for neuropsychological tests. The traditional approach to normative data creation is to make demographic adjustments based on observations of correlations between single neuropsychological tests and selected demographic variables. We argue, however, that this does not describe the implications for clinical practice, such as increased likelihood of misclassification of cognitive impairment, nor does it elucidate the impact on decision-making with a neuropsychological battery. We propose base rate analyses; specifically, differential base rates of impaired scores between theoretical and actual base rates as the basis for decisions to create demographic adjustments within normative data. Differential base rates empirically describe the potential clinical implications of failing to create an appropriate normative group. We demonstrate this approach with data from a short telephone-administered neuropsychological battery given to a large, neurologically healthy sample aged 45-85 years old. We explored whether adjustments for age and medical conditions were warranted based on differential base rates of spuriously impaired scores. Theoretical base rates underestimated the frequency of impaired scores in older adults and overestimated the frequency of impaired scores in younger adults, providing an evidence base for the creation of age-corrected normative data. In contrast, the number of medical conditions (numerous cardiovascular, hormonal, and metabolic conditions) was not related to differential base rates of impaired scores. Despite a small correlation between number of medical conditions and each neuropsychological variable, normative adjustments for number of medical conditions does not appear warranted. Implications for creation of normative data are discussed.
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Czajkowski, Nikolai; Aggen, Steven H; Krueger, Robert F; Kendler, Kenneth S; Neale, Michael C; Knudsen, Gun Peggy; Gillespie, Nathan A; Røysamb, Espen; Tambs, Kristian; Reichborn-Kjennerud, Ted
2018-03-21
Both normative personality and DSM-IV personality disorders have been found to be heritable. However, there is limited knowledge about the extent to which the genetic and environmental influences underlying DSM personality disorders are shared with those of normative personality. The aims of this study were to assess the phenotypic similarity between normative and pathological personality and to investigate the extent to which genetic and environmental influences underlying individual differences in normative personality account for symptom variance across DSM-IV personality disorders. A large population-based sample of adult twins was assessed for DSM-IV personality disorder criteria with structured interviews at two waves spanning a 10-year interval. At the second assessment, participants also completed the Big Five Inventory, a self-report instrument assessing the five-factor normative personality model. The proportion of genetic and environmental liabilities unique to the individual personality disorder measures, and hence not shared with the five Big Five Inventory domains, were estimated by means of multivariate Cholesky twin decompositions. The median percentage of genetic liability to the 10 DSM-IV personality disorders assessed at wave 1 that was not shared with the Big Five domains was 64%, whereas for the six personality disorders that were assessed concurrently at wave 2, the median was 39%. Conversely, the median proportions of unique environmental liability in the personality disorders for wave 1 and wave 2 were 97% and 96%, respectively. The results indicate that a moderate-to-sizable proportion of the genetic influence underlying DSM-IV personality disorders is not shared with the domain constructs of the Big Five model of normative personality. Caution should be exercised in assuming that normative personality measures can serve as proxies for DSM personality disorders when investigating the etiology of these disorders.
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Social normative beliefs regarding cigarette smoking in Hungarian adolescents.
Page, Randy M; Piko, Bettina F; Balazs, Mate A; Struk, Tamara
2011-10-01
Hungary will continue to experience a high burden of disease and death from lung cancer and other tobacco-induced disease unless there is a significant reduction in youth smoking. Social factors have been found to be among the most important determinants of adolescent smoking, yet few studies have investigated social normative beliefs in Hungarian youth. The purpose of the current study was to investigate three measures of smoking normative beliefs thought to influence adolescent smoking: perceived prevalence of smoking; perceived popularity of smoking among successful/elite elements of society; and perceived disapproval by friends and family. A cross-sectional school-based survey of eighth grade (n = 258) and 12th grade (n = 288) students in Mako, Hungary was conducted to assess social normative beliefs about smoking, current smoking, ever smoking, and susceptibility to smoking. The association of the normative beliefs with the smoking behavior variables was examined through logistic regression analysis, and the underlying factor structure of the normative belief items in the current sample was determined through factor analysis. The percent of boys reporting current smoking was 40.5% in 12th grade and 27.0% in eighth grade. Among girls, the percent was 44.0% of 12th graders and 29.1% of eighth graders. Parent/peer disapproval was the most consistently associated normative belief with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking across both samples. Youth smoking prevention programs should consider assessing and taking into account normative beliefs and develop strategies that provide accurate information about the actual prevalence of smoking, the types of individuals who smoke, and approval/disapproval of smoking by parents and peers. © 2011 The Authors. Pediatrics International © 2011 Japan Pediatric Society.
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Perez, Claudio I; Chansangpetch, Sunee; Thai, Andy; Nguyen, Anh-Hien; Nguyen, Anwell; Mora, Marta; Nguyen, Ngoc; Lin, Shan C
2018-06-05
Evaluate the distribution and the color probability codes of the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GCIPL) thickness in a healthy Vietnamese population and compare them with the original color-codes provided by the Cirrus spectral domain OCT. Cross-sectional study. We recruited non-glaucomatous Vietnamese subjects and constructed a normative database for peripapillary RNFL and macular GCIPL thickness. The probability color-codes for each decade of age were calculated. We evaluated the agreement with Kappa coefficient (κ) between OCT color probability codes with Cirrus built-in original normative database and the Vietnamese normative database. 149 eyes of 149 subjects were included. The mean age of enrollees was 60.77 (±11.09) years, with a mean spherical equivalent of +0.65 (±1.58) D and mean axial length of 23.4 (±0.87) mm. Average RNFL thickness was 97.86 (±9.19) microns and average macular GCIPL was 82.49 (±6.09) microns. Agreement between original and adjusted normative database for RNFL was fair for average and inferior quadrant (κ=0.25 and 0.2, respectively); and good for other quadrants (range: κ=0.63-0.73). For macular GCIPL κ agreement ranged between 0.39 and 0.69. After adjusting with the normative Vietnamese database, the percent of yellow and red color-codes increased significantly for peripapillary RNFL thickness. Vietnamese population has a thicker RNFL in comparison with Cirrus normative database. This leads to a poor color-code agreement in average and inferior quadrant between the original and adjusted database. These findings should encourage to create a peripapillary RNFL normative database for each ethnicity.
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5 CFR 2610.303 - Answer to application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 5 Administrative Personnel 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Answer to application. 2610.303 Section 2610.303 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF GOVERNMENT ETHICS ORGANIZATION AND PROCEDURES... issues in the fee application can be settled, they may jointly file a statement of their intent to...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... SECURITY PROGRAM (MSP) Introduction § 296.3 Applications. (a) Action by MARAD—Time Deadlines. Applications... or other governing instruments; (4) Maritime related affiliations; (5) Financial data: (i) Provide an audited financial statement or a completed MARAD Form MA-172 dated within 120 days after the close of the...
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45 CFR 1636.4 - Applicability.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability. 1636.4 Section 1636.4 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) LEGAL SERVICES CORPORATION CLIENT IDENTITY AND STATEMENT OF FACTS § 1636.4 Applicability. This part applies to cases for which private attorneys are...
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The effect of normative beliefs on anticipated emotions.
Baron, J
1992-08-01
In 3 experiments, Ss were asked how they would or should make hypothetical decisions and how they would react emotionally to the options or outcomes. The choices were those in which departures from proposed normative models had previously been found: omission bias, status quo bias, and the person-causation effect. These effects were found in all judgments, including judgments of anticipated emotion. Arguments against the departures affected judgments of anticipated emotion as well as decisions, even though the arguments were entirely directed at the question of what should be done. In all but one study, effects of these arguments on anticipated emotion were as strong as their effects on decisions or normative beliefs. Thus, in many situations, people think that their emotional reactions will fall into line with their normative beliefs. In other situations, some people think that their emotional reactions have a life of their own. It is suggested that both normative beliefs and anticipated emotions affect decisions.
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Del Pinal, Guillermo; Reuter, Kevin
2017-04-01
The concepts expressed by social role terms such as artist and scientist are unique in that they seem to allow two independent criteria for categorization, one of which is inherently normative (Knobe, Prasada, & Newman, 2013). This study presents and tests an account of the content and structure of the normative dimension of these "dual character concepts." Experiment 1 suggests that the normative dimension of a social role concept represents the commitment to fulfill the idealized basic function associated with the role. Background information can affect which basic function is associated with each social role. However, Experiment 2 indicates that the normative dimension always represents the relevant commitment as an end in itself. We argue that social role concepts represent the commitments to basic functions because that information is crucial to predict the future social roles and role-dependent behavior of others. Copyright © 2016 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.
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Social normative beliefs about smoking among Vietnamese adolescents.
Page, Randy M; Huong, Nguyen Thanh; Chi, Hoang Khanh; Tien, Truong Quang
2012-01-01
Tobacco-related deaths in Vietnam are forecast to climb from 40 000 annually to 70 000 by 2030. Previous research in Western nations has found social factors to be important determinants of adolescent smoking. Because these factors remain unexplored in Vietnamese youth, the purpose of this study was to examine social normative beliefs regarding smoking in a school-based sample of North Vietnamese adolescents and the association of these factors with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking. Three measures of normative beliefs regarding smoking were evaluated in cross-sectional surveys of secondary students. Of the 3 measures, parent/peer disapproval was the most consistent normative belief associated with smoking behavior and susceptibility to smoking. Youth smoking prevention programs should consider assessing and taking into account normative beliefs and develop strategies that provide accurate information about the actual prevalence of smoking, the types of individuals who smoke, and approval/disapproval of smoking by parents and peers.
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From moral to legal judgment: the influence of normative context in lawyers and other academics
Spranger, Tade M.; Erk, Susanne; Walter, Henrik
2011-01-01
Various kinds of normative judgments are an integral part of everyday life. We extended the scrutiny of social cognitive neuroscience into the domain of legal decisions, investigating two groups, lawyers and other academics, during moral and legal decision-making. While we found activation of brain areas comprising the so-called ‘moral brain’ in both conditions, there was stronger activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus particularly when subjects made legal decisions, suggesting that these were made in respect to more explicit rules and demanded more complex semantic processing. Comparing both groups, our data show that behaviorally lawyers conceived themselves as emotionally less involved during normative decision-making in general. A group × condition interaction in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex suggests a modulation of normative decision-making by attention based on subjects’ normative expertise. PMID:20194515
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From moral to legal judgment: the influence of normative context in lawyers and other academics.
Schleim, Stephan; Spranger, Tade M; Erk, Susanne; Walter, Henrik
2011-01-01
Various kinds of normative judgments are an integral part of everyday life. We extended the scrutiny of social cognitive neuroscience into the domain of legal decisions, investigating two groups, lawyers and other academics, during moral and legal decision-making. While we found activation of brain areas comprising the so-called 'moral brain' in both conditions, there was stronger activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and middle temporal gyrus particularly when subjects made legal decisions, suggesting that these were made in respect to more explicit rules and demanded more complex semantic processing. Comparing both groups, our data show that behaviorally lawyers conceived themselves as emotionally less involved during normative decision-making in general. A group × condition interaction in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex suggests a modulation of normative decision-making by attention based on subjects' normative expertise.
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12 CFR 747.610 - Answer to application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-01-01
... and Procedures Applicable to Recovery of Attorneys Fees and Other Expenses Under the Equal Access to... settlement. The filing of this statement shall extend the time for filing an answer for an additional 30 days...
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The prosecution of Taiwan sexuality researcher and activist Josephine Ho.
Wang, Ping
2004-05-01
In April 2003, following a newspaper report of a hyperlink to a website on bestiality on the Sexuality Databank website of the Center for the Study of Sexualities, National Central University, Taipei, Taiwan, 14 conservative NGOs filed charges against the Center's founder, Josephine Ho, for "propagating obscenities that corrupt traditional values." Ho has been researching sexuality and supporting freedom for marginalised sexual minorities for ten years. In a public statement in response to the charges, she said that the work of scholarly research must not be dictated by prejudice and that differences in sexual values should not be arbitrated by law and should be open for public discussion. As the legal process began in January 2004, Ho's supporters in Taiwan have called for the preservation of the Taiwan Constitutional decree on integrity and autonomy of academic research and freedom of expression on the internet, for the University to resist calls to dismiss Ho from her post, and for respect for freedom of speech and expression and the right to create spaces to educate people about non-normative sexualities.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
.... (b) The application shall show that the applicant is a small entity as defined in 5 U.S.C. 601(6), and the application must conform to the standards of the Small Business Administration at 13 CFR 121.201 for mining entities. The application shall include a statement of the applicant's annual receipts...
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Radiology applications of financial accounting.
Leibenhaut, Mark H
2005-03-01
A basic knowledge of financial accounting can help radiologists analyze business opportunities and examine the potential impacts of new technology or predict the adverse consequences of new competitors entering their service area. The income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are the three basic financial statements that document the current financial position of the radiology practice and allow managers to monitor the ongoing financial operations of the enterprise. Pro forma, or hypothetical, financial statements can be generated to predict the financial impact of specific business decisions or investments on the profitability of the practice. Sensitivity analysis, or what-if scenarios, can be performed to determine the potential impact of changing key revenue, investment, operating cost or financial assumptions. By viewing radiology as both a profession and a business, radiologists can optimize their use of scarce economic resources and maximize the return on their financial investments.
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EMAS statement: benign accountability or wishful thinking? Insights from the Greek EMAS registry.
Skouloudis, Antonis; Jones, Keith; Sfakianaki, Eleni; Lazoudi, Eugenia; Evangelinos, Konstantinos
2013-10-15
Do organizations certified under the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) effectively discharge their environmental accountability through their statements? Is the EMAS statement a step forward for the transparency of environmental management and the empowerment of organizational stakeholders' decision-making? Drawing from the Greek EMAS registry we apply an evaluation method for the completeness and materiality of environmental statements. While the latest version of the EMAS Regulation has introduced a set of forward-looking - yet challenging - improvements, the application of the standard should be closely examined. With this in mind, the key objective of this research note is to provide - from a descriptive standpoint - insights on the content of EMAS-based environmental accountability and a basis for future research as well as fruitful policy debate. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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29 CFR 2570.34 - Information to be included in every exemption application.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... knowledge and belief, the representations made in such statement are true and correct. (c) An application... with the matters discussed in this application and, to the best of my knowledge and belief, the representations made in this application are true and correct. (ii) This declaration must be dated and signed by...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized by law, and statements of general applicability formulated and adopted by NED. 66.2 Section 66.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE PUBLIC... of description of organization and substantive rules of general applicability adopted as authorized...
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18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...
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18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...
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18 CFR 5.25 - Applications requiring a draft NEPA document.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... a draft NEPA document. 5.25 Section 5.25 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY... APPLICATION PROCESS § 5.25 Applications requiring a draft NEPA document. (a) If the Commission determines that a license application will be processed with an environmental impact statement, or a draft and final...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carter, Rebecca R.; Johnson, Shannon M.; Exline, Julie J.; Post, Stephen G.; Pagano, Maria E.
2012-01-01
The purpose of this study is to explore narcissistic and prosocial behaviors as reported by adolescents with and without substance dependency disorder (SDD). This study employs a quasi-experimental design using SDD adolescents compared with two normative samples of adolescents. In comparison to normative adolescents, adolescents with SDD were…
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A Normative Study of the Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT) Assessment
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bucciarelli, Amy
2011-01-01
The Person Picking an Apple from a Tree (PPAT) is an art therapy assessment task that is scored using the Formal Elements Art Therapy Scale (FEATS) to identify a client's mental health symptoms and progress in art therapy. Normative data are needed to empirically validate assumptions about the PPAT. This report summarizes a normative study of the…
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Klaczynski, Paul A.
2014-01-01
In Stanovich's (2009a, 2011) dual-process theory, analytic processing occurs in the algorithmic and reflective minds. Thinking dispositions, indexes of reflective mind functioning, are believed to regulate operations at the algorithmic level, indexed by general cognitive ability. General limitations at the algorithmic level impose constraints on, and affect the adequacy of, specific strategies and abilities (e.g., numeracy). In a study of 216 undergraduates, the hypothesis that thinking dispositions and general ability moderate the relationship between numeracy (understanding of mathematical concepts and attention to numerical information) and normative responses on probabilistic heuristics and biases (HB) problems was tested. Although all three individual difference measures predicted normative responses, the numeracy-normative response association depended on thinking dispositions and general ability. Specifically, numeracy directly affected normative responding only at relatively high levels of thinking dispositions and general ability. At low levels of thinking dispositions, neither general ability nor numeric skills related to normative responses. Discussion focuses on the consistency of these findings with the hypothesis that the implementation of specific skills is constrained by limitations at both the reflective level and the algorithmic level, methodological limitations that prohibit definitive conclusions, and alternative explanations. PMID:25071639
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Guidelines for appropriate care: the importance of empirical normative analysis.
Berg, M; Meulen, R T; van den Burg, M
2001-01-01
The Royal Dutch Medical Association recently completed a research project aimed at investigating how guidelines for 'appropriate medical care' should be construed. The project took as a starting point that explicit attention should be given to ethical and political considerations in addition to data about costs and effectiveness. In the project, two research groups set out to design guidelines and cost-effectiveness analyses (CEAs) for two circumscribed medical areas (angina pectoris and major depression). Our third group was responsible for the normative analysis. We undertook an explorative, qualitative pilot study of the normative considerations that played a role in constructing the guidelines and CEAs, and simultaneously interviewed specialists about the normative considerations that guided their diagnostic and treatment decisions. Explicating normative considerations, we argue, is important democratically: the issues at stake should not be left to decision analysts and guideline developers to decide. Moreover, it is a necessary condition for a successful implementation of such tools: those who draw upon these tools will only accept them when they can recognize themselves in the considerations implied. Empirical normative analysis, we argue, is a crucial tool in developing guidelines for appropriate medical care.
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Klaczynski, Paul A
2014-01-01
In Stanovich's (2009a, 2011) dual-process theory, analytic processing occurs in the algorithmic and reflective minds. Thinking dispositions, indexes of reflective mind functioning, are believed to regulate operations at the algorithmic level, indexed by general cognitive ability. General limitations at the algorithmic level impose constraints on, and affect the adequacy of, specific strategies and abilities (e.g., numeracy). In a study of 216 undergraduates, the hypothesis that thinking dispositions and general ability moderate the relationship between numeracy (understanding of mathematical concepts and attention to numerical information) and normative responses on probabilistic heuristics and biases (HB) problems was tested. Although all three individual difference measures predicted normative responses, the numeracy-normative response association depended on thinking dispositions and general ability. Specifically, numeracy directly affected normative responding only at relatively high levels of thinking dispositions and general ability. At low levels of thinking dispositions, neither general ability nor numeric skills related to normative responses. Discussion focuses on the consistency of these findings with the hypothesis that the implementation of specific skills is constrained by limitations at both the reflective level and the algorithmic level, methodological limitations that prohibit definitive conclusions, and alternative explanations.
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Arts, Lindy P J; Oerlemans, Simone; Tick, Lidwine; Koster, Ad; Roerdink, Henk T J; van de Poll-Franse, Lonneke V
2018-04-26
Follow-up care for a growing population of survivors of lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) together with the adverse effects these survivors may experience as a result of their cancer and treatment have led to more pressure being placed on health care services. The objectives of the current study were to: 1) compare the use of medical care services by survivors with that of a normative population; 2) evaluate the use of medical and psychosocial care services among distressed and nondistressed survivors; and 3) identify associated sociodemographic and clinical factors. Survivors of lymphoma and CLL diagnosed between 1999 and 2012 were selected via the population-based Netherlands Cancer Registry and completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire and questions regarding health care. Outcomes were compared with an age-matched and sex-matched normative population. A total of 1444 survivors responded (69%). Survivors of lymphoma and CLL contacted their general practitioner (3.8 vs 2.3; P<.001) and medical specialist (5.7 vs 1.6; P<.001) more often within the last year compared with a normative population. In addition, psychologically distressed survivors had even more medical contacts and received psychosocial care more often compared with nondistressed survivors. In addition to psychological distress, comorbidity, female sex, and older age were found to be associated with a greater use of medical services, whereas younger age was associated with receiving psychosocial care. Survivors of lymphoma and CLL, especially those who are psychologically distressed, report an increased use of health care services compared with a normative population. Further studies are needed to explore whether the use of widely applicable psychosocial interventions could reduce the frequency of medical contacts. Cancer 2018. © 2018 Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society. © 2018 Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation. Cancer published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Cancer Society.
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American Exceptionalism: Essential Context for National Security Strategy Development
2006-03-10
character emerge: a belief in the ethical importance of American elements of national power as means and ends in themselves; a belief in the universal...applicability of liberal values and institutions to mankind; a belief in the ethic of reciprocity as a normative means to achieve positive interactions among...nations ; and a belief in the value of maintaining strategic flexibility in an increasingly complex strategic environment. These ethical and value
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Star Excursion Balance Test performance and application in elite junior rugby union players.
Coughlan, Garrett F; Delahunt, Eamonn; O'Sullivan, Eoghan; Fullam, Karl; Green, Brian S; Caulfield, Brian M
2014-11-01
To evaluate performance on selected reach directions of the Start Excursion Balance Test (SEBT) in an elite underage rugby union population, and determine if differences exist between the forward and back position units. This information may have implications for the application of this test in player injury prevention and management. Descriptive study. Gymnasium at an elite junior rugby union screening camp. 102 healthy male elite rugby union players (age = 17.9 ± 1.1 years, height = 1.83 ± 0.07 m, body mass = 90.5 ± 11.3 kg). Participants were assessed on the Anterior (A), Posterior-medial (PM), and Posterior-lateral (PL) reach directions of the SEBT. Normative data for SEBT performance in the A, PM and PL reach directions were established for an elite junior rugby union population. No significant differences in dynamic postural stability were observed between the forward and back position units. This study provides normative SEBT data on an elite junior rugby union population, which enables clinicians to compare player dynamic postural stability and has implications for use in the prevention and management of player injuries. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered species. Applications...
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33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered Species. Applications...
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33 CFR 325.2 - Processing of applications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... the Endangered Species Act as amended. The district engineer will include a statement in the public... Act, the Endangered Species Act, the Wild and Scenic Rivers Act, and the Marine Protection, Research... applicable to the proposed activity are identified. (See § 322.5(c).) (5) Endangered Species. Applications...
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17 CFR 210.7-01 - Application of §§ 210.7-01 to 210.7-05.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
..., INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Insurance Companies § 210.7-01 Application of §§ 210.7-01 to 210.7-05. This article shall be applicable to financial statements...
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17 CFR 210.7-01 - Application of §§ 210.7-01 to 210.7-05.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
..., INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940, AND ENERGY POLICY AND CONSERVATION ACT OF 1975 Insurance Companies § 210.7-01 Application of §§ 210.7-01 to 210.7-05. This article shall be applicable to financial statements...
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40 CFR 21.5 - Issuance of statements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... applicant has not sought assistance. (f) An application should not include major alternative designs significantly differing in scope, concept, or capability. It is expected that the applicant at the time of submission will have selected the most appropriate or suitable design for the addition, alteration, or method...
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... assistance being provided at the time of the application; and (3) A statement describing any civil rights... assurance with their applications stating that, with respect to their programs or activities that receive... assurance—(i) Real property. When EPA awards assistance in the form of real property, or assistance to...
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27 CFR 20.41 - Application for industrial alcohol user permit.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... from articles. (c) Filing. All applications and necessary supporting documents, as required by this subpart, shall be filed with the appropriate TTB officer. All data, written statements, certifications, affidavits, and other documents submitted in support of the application are considered a part of the...
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19 CFR 115.28 - Application for approval.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... TREASURY CARGO CONTAINER AND ROAD VEHICLE CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS Procedures for Approval of Containers by Design Type § 115.28 Application for approval. Each application by a... inspection; and (e) A statement signed by the manufacturer that: (1) A container of the design type concerned...
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19 CFR 115.28 - Application for approval.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... TREASURY CARGO CONTAINER AND ROAD VEHICLE CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS Procedures for Approval of Containers by Design Type § 115.28 Application for approval. Each application by a... inspection; and (e) A statement signed by the manufacturer that: (1) A container of the design type concerned...
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19 CFR 115.28 - Application for approval.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... TREASURY CARGO CONTAINER AND ROAD VEHICLE CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS Procedures for Approval of Containers by Design Type § 115.28 Application for approval. Each application by a... inspection; and (e) A statement signed by the manufacturer that: (1) A container of the design type concerned...
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19 CFR 115.28 - Application for approval.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... TREASURY CARGO CONTAINER AND ROAD VEHICLE CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS Procedures for Approval of Containers by Design Type § 115.28 Application for approval. Each application by a... inspection; and (e) A statement signed by the manufacturer that: (1) A container of the design type concerned...
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19 CFR 115.28 - Application for approval.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... TREASURY CARGO CONTAINER AND ROAD VEHICLE CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO INTERNATIONAL CUSTOMS CONVENTIONS Procedures for Approval of Containers by Design Type § 115.28 Application for approval. Each application by a... inspection; and (e) A statement signed by the manufacturer that: (1) A container of the design type concerned...
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29 CFR 452.138 - Application of other laws.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Regulations Relating to Labor OFFICE OF LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR LABOR-MANAGEMENT STANDARDS GENERAL STATEMENT CONCERNING THE ELECTION PROVISIONS OF THE LABOR-MANAGEMENT REPORTING AND DISCLOSURE ACT OF 1959 Dates and Scope of Application § 452.138 Application of other laws. (a) Section 403 59...