40 CFR 97.86 - Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 97.86 Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program. (a) Requesting withdrawal. To withdraw...

40 CFR 97.86 - Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 97.86 Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program. (a) Requesting withdrawal. To withdraw...

40 CFR 96.86 - Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 96.86 Withdrawal from NOX Budget Trading Program. (a) Requesting...

40 CFR 97.21 - Submission of NOX Budget permit applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Submission of NOX Budget permit... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.21 Submission of NOX Budget permit applications. (a) Duty to apply. The NOX authorized account...

40 CFR 96.21 - Submission of NOX Budget permit applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Submission of NOX Budget permit... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.21 Submission of NOX Budget permit applications. (a) Duty to apply. The NOX...

40 CFR 97.83 - Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins. § 97.83 Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit. (a) Applying for initial NO X Budget opt...

40 CFR 97.23 - NOX Budget permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget permit contents. 97.23... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.23 NOX Budget permit contents. (a) Each NOX Budget permit will contain, in a format prescribed by the permitting...

40 CFR 96.23 - NOX Budget permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget permit contents. 96.23... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.23 NOX Budget permit contents. (a) Each NOX Budget permit (including any draft or proposed...

40 CFR 96.25 - NOX Budget permit revisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget permit revisions. 96.25... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.25 NOX Budget permit revisions. (a) For a NOX Budget source with a title V operating permit...

40 CFR 97.24 - NOX Budget permit revisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget permit revisions. 97.24... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.24 NOX Budget permit revisions. (a) For a NOX Budget source with a title V operating permit, except as provided...

40 CFR 96.85 - NOX Budget opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget opt-in permit contents. 96... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 96.85 NOX Budget opt-in permit contents. (a) Each NOX Budget opt-in permit...

40 CFR 97.85 - NOX Budget opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Budget opt-in permit contents. 97... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins. § 97.85 NOX Budget opt-in permit contents. (a) Each NOX Budget opt-in permit will contain all elements...

40 CFR 96.40 - State trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State trading program budget. 96.40... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.40 State trading program budget. The State trading program budget...

40 CFR 96.40 - State trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading program budget. 96.40... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.40 State trading program budget. The State trading program budget...

40 CFR 96.40 - State trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State trading program budget. 96.40... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.40 State trading program budget. The State trading program budget...

40 CFR 96.40 - State trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State trading program budget. 96.40... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.40 State trading program budget. The State trading program budget...

40 CFR 96.40 - State trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State trading program budget. 96.40... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.40 State trading program budget. The State trading program budget...

40 CFR 97.40 - Trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trading program budget. 97.40 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.40 Trading program budget. In accordance with §§ 97.41 and 97.42, the Administrator will allocate to the NOX...

40 CFR 97.40 - Trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trading program budget. 97.40 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.40 Trading program budget. In accordance with §§ 97.41 and 97.42, the Administrator will allocate to the NOX...

40 CFR 97.40 - Trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trading program budget. 97.40 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.40 Trading program budget. In accordance with §§ 97.41 and 97.42, the Administrator will allocate to the NOX...

40 CFR 97.40 - Trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trading program budget. 97.40 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.40 Trading program budget. In accordance with §§ 97.41 and 97.42, the Administrator will allocate to the NOX...

40 CFR 97.40 - Trading program budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trading program budget. 97.40 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.40 Trading program budget. In accordance with §§ 97.41 and 97.42, the Administrator will allocate to the NOX...

40 CFR 96.23 - NOX Budget permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false NOX Budget permit contents. 96.23 Section 96.23 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.23 NOX Budget permit contents. (a)...

40 CFR 96.83 - Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Individual Unit Opt-ins § 96.83 Applying for NOX Budget opt-in permit. (a) Applying for...

40 CFR 96.22 - Information requirements for NOX Budget permit applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Budget permit applications. 96.22 Section 96.22 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.22 Information requirements for NOX Budget permit applications...

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

40 CFR 97.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.140 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 97.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual allocations of CAIR NOX allowances...

40 CFR 97.510 - State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.510 State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside, and...

40 CFR 97.510 - State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.510 State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside, and...

40 CFR 97.510 - State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.510 State NOX Ozone Season trading budgets, new unit set-asides, Indian country new unit set-aside, and...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

40 CFR 96.140 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.140 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Allowance Allocations § 96.140 State trading budgets. The State trading budgets for annual...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State trading budgets. 96.340 Section...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in...

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

40 CFR 97.340 - State trading budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false State trading budgets. 97.340 Section...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.340 State trading budgets. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the State...

Federal NOx Budget Trading Program and CAIR NOx and SO2 Trading Programs (40 CFR Part 97)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This part establishes general provisions and the applicability, permitting, allowance, excess emissions, monitoring, and opt-in provisions for the federal NOx Budget Trading Program as a means of mitigating interstate transport of ozone and nitrogen oxides

40 CFR 97.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Trading Program. 97.186 Section 97.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Trading Program. 97.186 Section 97.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Trading Program. 97.186 Section 97.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Trading Program. 97.186 Section 97.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Trading Program. 97.186 Section 97.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Opt-In Units § 97.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions. 97.75 Section 97.75... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Monitoring and Reporting § 97.75 Petitions. (a) The NOX authorized account representative of a NOX Budget unit may submit a petition under § 75...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Pt. 97, App. C Appendix C to Part 97—Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget ST F126-EGU F126-NEGU Total DC 207 26...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Pt. 97, App. C Appendix C to Part 97—Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget ST F126-EGU F126-NEGU Total DC 207 26...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Pt. 97, App. C Appendix C to Part 97—Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget ST F126-EGU F126-NEGU Total DC 207 26...

40 CFR Appendix C to Part 97 - Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Pt. 97, App. C Appendix C to Part 97—Final Section 126 Rule: Trading Budget ST F126-EGU F126-NEGU Total DC 207 26...

40 CFR 96.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Trading Program. 96.186 Section 96.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading...

40 CFR 96.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Trading Program. 96.186 Section 96.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading...

40 CFR 96.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Trading Program. 96.186 Section 96.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading...

40 CFR 96.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Trading Program. 96.186 Section 96.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading...

40 CFR 96.186 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Trading Program. 96.186 Section 96.186 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Opt-in Units § 96.186 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Annual Trading...

The NOx Budget Trading Program: A Collaborative, Innovative Approach to Solving a Regional Air Pollution Problem

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This article examines the development and implementation of the NOx Budget Trading Program (NBP) and the lessons the Environmental Protection Agency has learned from this seasonal emissions cap-and-trade program.

40 CFR 97.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For...

40 CFR 96.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit...

40 CFR 96.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit...

40 CFR 97.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For...

40 CFR 97.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For...

40 CFR 97.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For...

40 CFR 96.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit...

40 CFR 96.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit...

40 CFR 97.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For...

40 CFR 96.120 - General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Annual Trading... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.120 General CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program permit...

40 CFR 97.357 - Closing of general accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season... include a correctly submitted allowance transfer under §§ 97.360 and 97.361 for any CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances in the account to one or more other CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Tracking System accounts. (b...

40 CFR 97.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.61 Section 97.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.61 EPA...

40 CFR 97.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.61 Section 97.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.61 EPA...

40 CFR 97.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.61 Section 97.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.61 EPA...

40 CFR 97.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.61 Section 97.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.61 EPA...

40 CFR 97.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.61 Section 97.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.61 EPA...

Greenhouse gas emissions trading in U.S. States: observations and lessons from the OTC NOx Budget Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrew Aulisi; Alexander E. Farrell; Jonathan Pershing

2005-07-01

A number of U.S. states are considering market-based policies to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). The experience gained from emissions trading for sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) offers a useful body of information and data to draw on to design a GHG emissions trading system. This report examines NOx trading under the Ozone Transport Commission (OTC) NOx Budget Program, which resulted principally from the leadership, decisions, and actions by a group of states, ultimately becoming the first multilateral cap-and-trade system for emissions of air pollutants. 72 refs.

Analysis of NOx Budget Trading Program Units Brought into the CAIR NOx Ozone Season Trading Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA analyzed the effect of having the large non-EGU units in the NBP and the CAIR NOX ozone season trading program and evaluated whether or not emissions from this group of units were reduced as a result of their inclusion in those trading programs.

40 CFR 97.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.161 Section 97.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.161 EPA...

40 CFR 97.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.161 Section 97.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.161 EPA...

40 CFR 97.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.161 Section 97.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.161 EPA...

40 CFR 97.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.161 Section 97.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.161 EPA...

40 CFR 97.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.161 Section 97.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Allowance Transfers § 97.161 EPA...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart IIIi... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units A Appendix A to Subpart IIII of Part...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units 1. The following States have State...

NOX EMISSION CONTROL OPTIONS FOR COAL-FIRED ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper reviews NOx control options for coal-fired electric utility boilers. (NOTE: Acid Rain NOx regulations, the Ozone Transport Commission's NOx Budget Program, revision of the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for NOx emissions from utility sources, and Ozone Transpor...

40 CFR 96.211 - Alternate CAIR designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 96.211 Alternate CAIR designated...

40 CFR 97.211 - Alternate CAIR designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 97.211 Alternate CAIR designated representative. (a) A...

MENU OF NOX EMISSION CONTROL OPTIONS FOR COAL-FIRED ELECTRIC UTILITY BOILERS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper reviews NOx control options for coal-fired electric utility boilers. (NOTE: Acid Rain NOx regulations, the Ozone Transport Commission's NOx Budget Program, revision of the New Source Performance Standards (NSPS) for NOx emissions from utility sources, and Ozone Transpor...

40 CFR 97.203 - Measurements, abbreviations, and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2.... O2—oxygen. ppm—parts per million. scfh—standard cubic feet per hour. SO2—sulfur dioxide. yr—year. ...

78 FR 57153 - Proposed Information Collection Request; Comment Request; NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-17

... to reduce emissions of nitrogen oxides (NO X ) from power plants and other large combustion sources...), a pervasive air pollution problem in many areas of the eastern United States. The NO X Budget... Collection Request; Comment Request; NOX Budget Trading Program To Reduce the Regional Transport of Ozone...

40 CFR 96.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a...

40 CFR 96.220 - General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.220 General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a...

40 CFR 96.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a...

40 CFR 96.220 - General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.220 General CAIR SO 2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a...

40 CFR 96.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a...

40 CFR 96.250 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 96.250 Section 96.250 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance...

40 CFR 97.80 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 97.80 Section 97.80 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins. § 97.80...

40 CFR 97.250 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 97.250 Section 97.250 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.250...

40 CFR 97.81 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General. 97.81 Section 97.81 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins. § 97.81 General...

40 CFR 97.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR SO2 source...

40 CFR 97.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR SO2 source...

40 CFR 97.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR SO2 source...

40 CFR 97.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR SO2 source...

40 CFR 97.220 - General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR SO2 Trading Program... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.220 General CAIR SO2 Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR SO2 source...

40 CFR 96.203 - Measurements, abbreviations, and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General Provisions § 96.203 Measurements, abbreviations, and...—nitrogen oxides O2—oxygen ppm—parts per million scfh—standard cubic feet per hour SO2—sulfur dioxide yr...

40 CFR 97.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.261 Section 97.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.261 EPA...

40 CFR 97.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.261 Section 97.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.261 EPA...

40 CFR 97.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.261 Section 97.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.261 EPA...

40 CFR 97.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 97.261 Section 97.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.261 EPA...

40 CFR 96.252 - Responsibilities of CAIR authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.252 Responsibilities of CAIR authorized account representative. Following the establishment of a CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System...

40 CFR 96.206 - Standard requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General Provisions § 96.206 Standard requirements. (a) Permit requirements. (1) The CAIR designated representative of each CAIR SO2 source required to have a title V operating permit...

40 CFR 97.252 - Responsibilities of CAIR authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.252 Responsibilities of CAIR authorized account representative. Following the establishment of a CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System account, all submissions to the...

40 CFR 97.84 - Opt-in process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Opt-in process. 97.84 Section 97.84 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins. § 97.84 Opt-in...

40 CFR 97.87 - Change in regulatory status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Change in regulatory status. 97.87 Section 97.87 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Individual Unit Opt-ins...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO 2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading Program. Except as...

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO 2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO 2 Trading Program. Except as...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

40 CFR 97.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of...

40 CFR 96.286 - Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.286 Withdrawal from CAIR SO2 Trading Program. Except as provided...

40 CFR 97.207 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General... CAIR SO2 Trading Program, to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall begin on the day the act or event occurs. (b) Unless otherwise stated, any time period scheduled, under the CAIR SO2 Trading...

40 CFR 97.254 - Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.254 Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions limitation. (a) Allowance transfer...

40 CFR 96.254 - Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.254 Compliance with CAIR SO2 emissions limitation...

78 FR 68377 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Ohio; Ohio NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-14

...On November 15, 2010, Ohio EPA submitted to EPA revisions to Ohio OAC 3745-14. EPA is proposing to approve these revisions under the Clean Air Act, which allows for Ohio's Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) NOX Ozone Season Trading Program rules to supersede Ohio's nitrogen oxides (NOX) State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call Budget Trading Program rules, but leave other requirements of the NOX SIP Call in place for units not covered by CAIR.

40 CFR 97.213 - Certificate of representation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 97.213 Certificate of representation. (a) A complete certificate of... the following elements in a format prescribed by the Administrator: (1) Identification of the CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 97.205 - Retired unit exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General Provisions § 97.205 Retired unit exemption. (a)(1) Any CAIR SO2 unit that is permanently retired and is not a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit under subpart III of this part shall be exempt from the CAIR SO2 Trading Program...

40 CFR 97.260 - Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.260 Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance transfers. (a) A CAIR authorized account...

40 CFR 96.205 - Retired unit exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General Provisions § 96.205 Retired unit exemption. (a)(1) Any CAIR SO2 unit that is permanently retired and is not a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit under subpart III of this part shall be...

40 CFR 96.260 - Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 96.260 Submission of CAIR SO2 allowance transfers. (a) A CAIR...

40 CFR 96.210 - Authorization and responsibilities of CAIR designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 96... § 96.211, each CAIR SO2 source, including all CAIR SO2 units at the source, shall have one and only one...

40 CFR 97.206 - Standard requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General... each CAIR SO2 source required to have a title V operating permit and each CAIR SO2 unit required to... operators of each CAIR SO2 source required to have a title V operating permit and each CAIR SO2 unit...

40 CFR 51.122 - Emissions reporting requirements for SIP revisions relating to budgets for NOX emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL... NOX emissions data as described in this section. (c) Each revision must provide for periodic reporting by the state of NOX emissions data to demonstrate whether the state's emissions are consistent with...

40 CFR 51.122 - Emissions reporting requirements for SIP revisions relating to budgets for NOX emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL... NOX emissions data as described in this section. (c) Each revision must provide for periodic reporting by the state of NOX emissions data to demonstrate whether the state's emissions are consistent with...

40 CFR 97.175 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions. 97.175 Section 97.175... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Monitoring and Reporting § 97.175 Petitions. The CAIR designated representative of a CAIR NOX unit may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this...

40 CFR 97.375 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions. 97.375 Section 97.375... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Monitoring and Reporting § 97.375 Petitions. The CAIR designated representative of a CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit may submit a petition under § 75.66...

40 CFR 97.251 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance... establish a compliance account for the CAIR SO2 source for which the certificate of representation was... transferring CAIR SO2 allowances. An application for a general account may designate one and only one CAIR...

40 CFR 96.213 - Certificate of representation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 96.213 Certificate of representation. (a) A...) Identification of the CAIR SO2 source, and each CAIR SO2 unit at the source, for which the certificate of...

40 CFR 96.257 - Closing of general accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.257 Closing of general accounts. (a) The CAIR authorized..., which shall include a correctly submitted allowance transfer under §§ 96.260 and 96.261 for any CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 97.288 - CAIR SO2 allowance allocations to CAIR SO2 opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR SO2 allowance allocations to CAIR SO2 opt-in units. 97.288 Section 97.288 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS...

40 CFR 96.288 - CAIR SO2 allowance allocations to CAIR SO2 opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR SO2 allowance allocations to CAIR SO2 opt-in units. 96.288 Section 96.288 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR...

40 CFR 97.253 - Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. 97... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.253 Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. (a)(1) After a compliance account is...

40 CFR 96.287 - Change in regulatory status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.287 Change in regulatory status. (a) Notification. If a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit becomes a CAIR SO2 unit under § 96.204, then the CAIR designated representative shall notify in writing...

40 CFR 97.257 - Closing of general accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance... correctly submitted allowance transfer under §§ 97.260 and 97.261 for any CAIR SO2 allowances in the account to one or more other CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System accounts. (b) If a general account has no...

40 CFR 96.282 - CAIR designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.282 CAIR designated representative. Any CAIR SO2 opt-in unit, and any unit... not yet issued or denied under this subpart, located at the same source as one or more CAIR SO2 units...

40 CFR 96.253 - Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. 96... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 96.253 Recordation of CAIR SO2 allowances. (a)(1) After a...

40 CFR 96.285 - CAIR opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.285 CAIR opt-in permit contents. (a) Each CAIR opt-in permit will contain... SO2 emission rate under § 96.284(d); (5) A statement whether the unit is to be allocated CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 97.287 - Change in regulatory status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.287 Change in regulatory status. (a) Notification. If a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit becomes a CAIR SO2... authority and the Administrator of such change in the CAIR SO2 opt-in unit's regulatory status, within 30...

40 CFR 97.282 - CAIR designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.282 CAIR designated representative. Any CAIR SO2 opt-in unit, and any unit for which a CAIR opt-in... under this subpart, located at the same source as one or more CAIR SO2 units shall have the same CAIR...

40 CFR 97.212 - Changing CAIR designated representative and alternate CAIR designated representative; changes in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 97.212 Changing CAIR designated representative and alternate CAIR designated... representative and the owners and operators of the CAIR SO2 source and the CAIR SO2 units at the source. (b...

40 CFR 96.283 - Applying for CAIR opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 96.283 Applying for CAIR opt-in permit. (a) Applying for initial CAIR opt-in permit. The CAIR designated representative of a unit meeting the requirements for a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit...

40 CFR 96.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.61 Section 96.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.61 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days of receiving a NOX allowance transfer, except...

40 CFR 96.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.61 Section 96.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.61 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days of receiving a NOX allowance transfer, except...

40 CFR 96.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.61 Section 96.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.61 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days of receiving a NOX allowance transfer, except...

40 CFR 96.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.61 Section 96.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.61 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days of receiving a NOX allowance transfer, except...

40 CFR 96.61 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.61 Section 96.61 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.61 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days of receiving a NOX allowance transfer, except...

40 CFR 96.208 - Appeal procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2... Administrator under the CAIR SO2 Trading Program are set forth in part 78 of this chapter. ...

40 CFR 97.283 - Applying for CAIR opt-in permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units... designated representative of a unit meeting the requirements for a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit in § 97.280 may apply... certification, in a format specified by the permitting authority, that the unit: (i) Is not a CAIR SO2 unit...

40 CFR 97.285 - CAIR opt-in permit contents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) FEDERAL NOX BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units...) The unit's baseline heat input under § 97.284(c); (4) The unit's baseline SO2 emission rate under § 97.284(d); (5) A statement whether the unit is to be allocated CAIR SO2 allowances under § 97.288(b) or...

40 CFR 97.201 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Trading Program General Provisions... Interstate Rule (CAIR) SO2 Trading Program, under section 110 of the Clean Air Act and § 52.36 of this...

75 FR 9103 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-01

... State Implementation Plan (SIP) that would terminate the provisions of the Nitrogen Oxides (NO X ) Budget Trading Program that apply to electric generating units. EPA is no longer operating the NO X Budget Trading Program as a compliance option under the NO X SIP Call. These sources are now subject to...

75 FR 9146 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-01

... Illinois State Implementation Plan (SIP) that would terminate the provisions of the Nitrogen Oxides (NO X ) Budget Trading Program that apply to electric generating units. EPA is no longer operating the NO X Budget Trading Program as a compliance option under the NO X SIP Call. These sources are now subject to...

Fundamentals of Successful Monitoring, Reporting, and Verification under a Cap and Trade Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) elements as they apply to the Acid Rain Program and the Nox Budget Trading Program, and how they can be potentially used in other programs.

40 CFR 51.125 - Emissions reporting requirements for SIP revisions relating to budgets for SO2 and NOX emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SIP revisions relating to budgets for SO2 and NOX emissions. 51.125 Section 51.125 Protection of... SIP revisions relating to budgets for SO2 and NOX emissions. (a) For its transport SIP revision under § 51.123 and/or 51.124, each State must submit to EPA SO2 and/or NOX emissions data as described in...

40 CFR 97.256 - Account error.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.256... any error in any CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System account. Within 10 business days of making such...

40 CFR 97.71 - Initial certification and recertification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with the... section. (b) The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions...) of this section. The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

40 CFR 97.71 - Initial certification and recertification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with the... section. (b) The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions...) of this section. The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

40 CFR 97.71 - Initial certification and recertification procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with the... section. (b) The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions...) of this section. The owner or operator of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions...

40 CFR 96.207 - Computation of time.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR SO2... period scheduled, under the CAIR SO2 Trading Program, to begin on the occurrence of an act or event shall... the CAIR SO2 Trading Program, to begin before the occurrence of an act or event shall be computed so...

75 FR 14077 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-24

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY 40 CFR Part 52 [EPA-R05-OAR-2009-0964; FRL-9129-9] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Illinois; NO X Budget Trading Program; Correction AGENCY... Scientist, Criteria Pollutant Section, Air Programs Branch (AR-18J), Environmental Protection Agency, Region...

40 CFR 97.275 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Petitions. 97.275 Section 97.275... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS Monitoring and Reporting § 97.275 Petitions. The CAIR designated representative of a CAIR SO2 unit may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this...

40 CFR 97.262 - Notification.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.262 Notification. (a) Notification of recordation. Within 5 business days of recordation of a CAIR SO2 allowance... of receipt of a CAIR SO2 allowance transfer that fails to meet the requirements of § 97.261(a), the...

40 CFR 96.3 - Measurements, abbreviations, and acronyms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Measurements, abbreviations, and acronyms. 96.3 Section 96.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR... IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Budget Trading Program General Provisions § 96.3 Measurements, abbreviations, and...

78 FR 68367 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Ohio; Ohio NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-14

... Clean Air Act, which allows for Ohio's Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR) NO X Ozone Season Trading Program rules to supersede Ohio's nitrogen oxides (NO X ) State Implementation Plan (SIP) Call Budget Trading Program rules, but leave other requirements of the NO X SIP Call in place for units not covered by...

40 CFR 97.255 - Banking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Tracking System § 97.255 Banking. (a) CAIR SO2 allowances may be banked for future use or transfer in a compliance account or a general account in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Any CAIR SO2 allowance that is held...

40 CFR 97.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Allowance Transfers § 97.261 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as necessary to perform a transfer in perpetuity of CAIR SO2 allowances allocated to a CAIR SO2 unit or as provided in paragraph (b) of this section) of receiving a CAIR...

40 CFR 97.284 - Opt-in process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.284 Opt-in... demonstrating that the SO2 emissions rate and heat input of the unit and all other applicable parameters are... under paragraph (a) of this section, the owner or operator shall monitor and report the SO2 emissions...

40 CFR 96.212 - Changing CAIR designated representative and alternate CAIR designated representative; changes in...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR Designated Representative for CAIR SO2 Sources § 96.212 Changing CAIR designated representative and alternate... CAIR SO2 source and the CAIR SO2 units at the source. (b) Changing alternate CAIR designated...

SO{sub 2} and NOx trading markets: providing flexibility and results

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sam Napolitano; Melanie LaCount; Daniel Chartier

2007-06-15

Experience with the Acid Rain and NOx Budget Trading Programs demonstrates that cap-and-trade programs are an effective means of achieving broad improvements in air quality. Results demonstrate that the combination of mandatory emissions caps, a viable allowance trading market, rigorous emissions monitoring and reporting protocols, and automatic enforcement provide accountability and ensure results in a cost-effective manner. The market developments discussed in this article demonstrate a successful environmental partnership. With a government focused on results and a private sector motivated to innovate, cap-and trade systems deliver environmental results as efficiently and effectively as possible. 3 refs., 4 figs,

40 CFR 97.280 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.280 Applicability. A CAIR SO2 opt-in unit must be a unit that: (a) Is located in a State that submits, and for which...), or (3) of this chapter establishing procedures concerning CAIR opt-in units; (b) Is not a CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 96.361 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.361 Section 96.361 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Allowance Transfers § 96.361 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b...

40 CFR 96.361 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.361 Section 96.361 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Allowance Transfers § 96.361 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b...

40 CFR 96.361 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.361 Section 96.361 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Allowance Transfers § 96.361 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b...

40 CFR 96.361 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.361 Section 96.361 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Season Allowance Transfers § 96.361 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in...

40 CFR 96.361 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.361 Section 96.361 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Allowance Transfers § 96.361 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b...

40 CFR 97.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... a complete account certificate of representation under § 97.13, the Administrator will establish: (1) A compliance account for each NOX Budget unit for which the account certificate of representation... representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts—(1) Application for...

40 CFR 97.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... a complete account certificate of representation under § 97.13, the Administrator will establish: (1) A compliance account for each NOX Budget unit for which the account certificate of representation... representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts—(1) Application for...

40 CFR 97.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a complete account certificate of representation under § 97.13, the Administrator will establish: (1) A compliance account for each NOX Budget unit for which the account certificate of representation... representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts—(1) Application for...

40 CFR 97.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... a complete account certificate of representation under § 97.13, the Administrator will establish: (1) A compliance account for each NOX Budget unit for which the account certificate of representation... representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts—(1) Application for...

40 CFR 96.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.161 Section 96.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.161 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

40 CFR 96.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.161 Section 96.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.161 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

40 CFR 96.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.161 Section 96.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.161 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

40 CFR 96.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.261 Section 96.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.261 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as necessary to perform a transfer in...

40 CFR 96.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.161 Section 96.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.161 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

40 CFR 96.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.261 Section 96.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.261 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as necessary to perform a transfer in...

40 CFR 96.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.261 Section 96.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.261 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as necessary to perform a transfer in...

40 CFR 96.261 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.261 Section 96.261 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.261 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as necessary to perform a transfer in...

40 CFR 96.161 - EPA recordation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false EPA recordation. 96.161 Section 96.161 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NOX BUDGET... Transfers § 96.161 EPA recordation. (a) Within 5 business days (except as provided in paragraph (b) of this...

75 FR 14438 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request; NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-25

.... NO X is a prime ingredient in the formation of ground-level ozone (smog), a pervasive air pollution... X Budget Trading Program To Reduce the Regional Transport of Ozone AGENCY: Environmental Protection...) 566-1741. Mail: Air and Radiation Docket and Information Center, Environmental Protection Agency...

40 CFR 97.281 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units § 97.281 General. (a... CCC and subparts FFF through HHH of this part, a CAIR SO2 opt-in unit shall be treated as a CAIR SO2... issued or denied under this subpart, such unit shall be treated as a CAIR SO2 unit before issuance of a...

40 CFR 96.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this chapter to the... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may...

40 CFR 96.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this chapter to the... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may...

40 CFR 96.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this chapter to the... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may...

40 CFR 96.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this chapter to the... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may...

40 CFR 96.75 - Petitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may submit a petition under § 75.66 of this chapter to the... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may... account representative of a NOX Budget unit that is subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation may...

Updates on Soil NOx parameterization in CMAQ v5.1

EPA Science Inventory

NOx has been well established to impact the formation of ozone and particulate matter. Soil NO emissions comprise approximately 20% of the global NOx budget and are a leading source of NOx in rural and remote areas. NO is emitted from soil as a result of complex biogeochemical i...

40 CFR 97.54 - Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance. 97.54 Section 97.54... Compliance. (a) NOX allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a given year only if the NOX...

40 CFR 97.54 - Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance. 97.54 Section 97.54... Compliance. (a) NOX allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a given year only if the NOX...

40 CFR Appendix A to Subpart III... - States With Approved State Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Implementation Plan Revisions Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units A Appendix A to Subpart III of Part 97 Protection... BUDGET TRADING PROGRAM AND CAIR NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR SO2 Opt-in Units Pt. 97, Subpt. III... Concerning CAIR SO2 Opt-In Units 1. The following States have State Implementation Plan revisions under § 51...

Summertime partitioning and budget of NO(y) compounds in the troposphere over Alaska and Canada: ABLE 3B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sandholm, S.; Olson, J.; Bradshaw, J.; Talbot, R.; Singh, H.; Gregory, G.; Blake, D.; Anderson, B.; Sachse, G.; Barrick, J.

1994-01-01

As part of NASA's Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition 3A and 3B field measurement programs, measurements of NO(x), HNO3, PAN, PPN, and NO(y) were made in the middle to lower troposphere over Alaska and Canada during the summers of 1988 and 1990. These measurements are used to assess the degree of closure within the reactive odd nitrogen (N(x)O(y)) budget through the comparison of the values of NO(y) measured with a catalytic convertor to the sum of individually measured NO(y) (i) compounds (i.e., sigmaNO(y)(i) = NO(x) + HNO3 + PAN + PPN). Significant differences were observed between the various study regions. In the lower 6 km of the troposphere over Alaska and the Hudson Bay lowlands of Canada a significant fraction of the NO(y) budget (30 to 60%) could not be accounted for by the measured sigmaNO(y)i. This deficit in the NO(y) budget is about 100 to 200 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) in the lower troposphere (0.15 to 3 km) and about 200 to 400 pptv in the middle free troposphere (3 to 6.2 km). Conversely, the NO(y) budget in the northern Labrador and Quebec regions of Canada is almost totally accounted for within the combined measurement uncertainties of NO(y) and the various NO(y)(i) compounds. A substantial portion of the NO(y) budget's 'missing compounds' appears to be coupled to the photochemical and/or dynamical parameters influencing the tropospheric oxidative potential over these regions. A combination of factors are suggested as the causes for the variability observed in the NO(y) budget. In addition, the apparent stability of compounds represented by the NO(y) budget deficit in the lower-altitude range questions the ability of these compounds to participate as reversible reservoirs for 'active' odd nitrogen and suggest that some portion of the NO(y) budget may consist of relatively unreactive nitrogen-containing compounds.

Proposed Unit Level Ozone Season NOx Allowance Allocations to Existing Units in Six States: Supplemental Proposed Rule TSD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This Technical Support Document (TSD) presents the proposed unit-level allocations based on the existing-unit portion of each state’s ozone season NOx emission budget to covered existing units in Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Missouri, Oklahoma, and Wisconsin.

40 CFR 97.74 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...)(1). (2) If the NOX authorized account representative for a NOX Budget unit subject to an Acid Rain... or operator of a unit subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of... to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of § 75.62 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.74 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...)(1). (2) If the NOX authorized account representative for a NOX Budget unit subject to an Acid Rain... or operator of a unit subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of... to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of § 75.62 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.74 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...)(1). (2) If the NOX authorized account representative for a NOX Budget unit subject to an Acid Rain... or operator of a unit subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of... to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of § 75.62 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.74 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...)(1). (2) If the NOX authorized account representative for a NOX Budget unit subject to an Acid Rain... or operator of a unit subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of... to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of § 75.62 of this chapter...

40 CFR 97.74 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)(1). (2) If the NOX authorized account representative for a NOX Budget unit subject to an Acid Rain... or operator of a unit subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of... to an Acid Rain emissions limitation shall comply with requirements of § 75.62 of this chapter...

40 CFR 96.54 - Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Compliance. 96.54 Section 96.54... Tracking System § 96.54 Compliance. (a) NO X allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a...

40 CFR 96.54 - Compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Compliance. 96.54 Section 96.54... Tracking System § 96.54 Compliance. (a) NO X allowance transfer deadline. The NOX allowances are available to be deducted for compliance with a unit's NOX Budget emissions limitation for a control period in a...

Isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in a tropical marine boundary layer.

PubMed

Savarino, Joel; Morin, Samuel; Erbland, Joseph; Grannec, Francis; Patey, Matthew D; Vicars, William; Alexander, Becky; Achterberg, Eric P

2013-10-29

Long-term observations of the reactive chemical composition of the tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) are rare, despite its crucial role for the chemical stability of the atmosphere. Recent observations of reactive bromine species in the tropical MBL showed unexpectedly high levels that could potentially have an impact on the ozone budget. Uncertainties in the ozone budget are amplified by our poor understanding of the fate of NOx (= NO + NO2), particularly the importance of nighttime chemical NOx sinks. Here, we present year-round observations of the multiisotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the tropical MBL at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. We show that the observed oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate are compatible with nitrate formation chemistry, which includes the BrNO3 sink at a level of ca. 20 ± 10% of nitrate formation pathways. The results also suggest that the N2O5 pathway is a negligible NOx sink in this environment. Observations further indicate a possible link between the NO2/NOx ratio and the nitrogen isotopic content of nitrate in this low NOx environment, possibly reflecting the seasonal change in the photochemical equilibrium among NOx species. This study demonstrates the relevance of using the stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen of atmospheric nitrate in association with concentration measurements to identify and constrain chemical processes occurring in the MBL.

Isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in a tropical marine boundary layer

PubMed Central

Savarino, Joel; Morin, Samuel; Erbland, Joseph; Grannec, Francis; Patey, Matthew D.; Vicars, William; Alexander, Becky; Achterberg, Eric P.

2013-01-01

Long-term observations of the reactive chemical composition of the tropical marine boundary layer (MBL) are rare, despite its crucial role for the chemical stability of the atmosphere. Recent observations of reactive bromine species in the tropical MBL showed unexpectedly high levels that could potentially have an impact on the ozone budget. Uncertainties in the ozone budget are amplified by our poor understanding of the fate of NOx (= NO + NO2), particularly the importance of nighttime chemical NOx sinks. Here, we present year-round observations of the multiisotopic composition of atmospheric nitrate in the tropical MBL at the Cape Verde Atmospheric Observatory. We show that the observed oxygen isotope ratios of nitrate are compatible with nitrate formation chemistry, which includes the BrNO3 sink at a level of ca. 20 ± 10% of nitrate formation pathways. The results also suggest that the N2O5 pathway is a negligible NOx sink in this environment. Observations further indicate a possible link between the NO2/NOx ratio and the nitrogen isotopic content of nitrate in this low NOx environment, possibly reflecting the seasonal change in the photochemical equilibrium among NOx species. This study demonstrates the relevance of using the stable isotopes of oxygen and nitrogen of atmospheric nitrate in association with concentration measurements to identify and constrain chemical processes occurring in the MBL. PMID:23431201

Airborne measurements of NO, NO2, and NO(sub y) as related to NASA's TRACE-A field program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradshaw, John; Sandholm, Scott

1995-01-01

The Georgia Tech group's effort on NASA's GTE program and TRACE-A field mission primarily involved analysis and interpretation of the measurement data base obtained during the TRACE-A field campaign. These investigations focused on the distribution of ozone and ozone precursors over the south Atlantic and nearby continental regions of Africa and South Africa. The Transport and Atmospheric Chemistry near the Equator-Atlantic (TRACE-A) Mission was designed with the goal of investigating tropospheric trace gas distributions, sources, and photochemical state over the southern Atlantic. Major scientific issues related to N(x)O(y) tropospheric chemistry addressed in this program included: (1) what controls the tropospheric ozone budget over the southern Atlantic? (2) What are the spatial distributions of CO, CO2, NO, NO2, NO(sub y), O3, NMHC, H2O3, etc. over the southern Atlantic? (3) How does long range transport of long-lived NO(y) compounds affect the more reactive NO(x) budget in southern Atlantic troposphere?

40 CFR 96.87 - Change in regulatory status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... period multiplied by the ratio of the number of days, in the control period, starting with the effective... § 96.42 for the control period multiplied by the ratio of the number of days, in the control period... allocated for the same or a prior control period as: (1) Any NOX allowances allocated to the NOX Budget unit...

40 CFR 52.2052 - Motor vehicle emissions budgets for Pennsylvania ozone areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Pennsylvania ozone areas. 52.2052 Section 52.2052 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY...) Pennsylvania § 52.2052 Motor vehicle emissions budgets for Pennsylvania ozone areas. (a) As of December 26... nitrogen oxides (NOX) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for the Lancaster 1997 8-Hour Ozone Maintenance...

40 CFR 51.122 - Emissions reporting requirements for SIP revisions relating to budgets for NOX emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... NOX emissions data as described in this section. (c) Each revision must provide for periodic reporting...) of this section. (3) Through 2011, reports are to be submitted according to the schedule in Table 1... reports are to be submitted each year that a triennial report is not required. Table 1—Schedule for...

Agriculture is a major source of NOx pollution in California

PubMed Central

Almaraz, Maya; Bai, Edith; Wang, Chao; Trousdell, Justin; Conley, Stephen; Faloona, Ian; Houlton, Benjamin Z.

2018-01-01

Nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) are a primary component of air pollution—a leading cause of premature death in humans and biodiversity declines worldwide. Although regulatory policies in California have successfully limited transportation sources of NOx pollution, several of the United States’ worst–air quality districts remain in rural regions of the state. Site-based findings suggest that NOx emissions from California’s agricultural soils could contribute to air quality issues; however, a statewide estimate is hitherto lacking. We show that agricultural soils are a dominant source of NOx pollution in California, with especially high soil NOx emissions from the state’s Central Valley region. We base our conclusion on two independent approaches: (i) a bottom-up spatial model of soil NOx emissions and (ii) top-down airborne observations of atmospheric NOx concentrations over the San Joaquin Valley. These approaches point to a large, overlooked NOx source from cropland soil, which is estimated to increase the NOx budget by 20 to 51%. These estimates are consistent with previous studies of point-scale measurements of NOx emissions from the soil. Our results highlight opportunities to limit NOx emissions from agriculture by investing in management practices that will bring co-benefits to the economy, ecosystems, and human health in rural areas of California. PMID:29399630

NOx Lifetime During WINTER

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kenagy, H. S.; Sparks, T.; Ebben, C. J.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Lopez-Hilfiker, F.; Lee, B. H.; Thornton, J. A.; McDuffie, E. E.; Fibiger, D. L.; Brown, S. S.; Montzka, D. D.; Weinheimer, A. J.; Apel, E. C.; Jaegle, L.; Cohen, R. C.

2017-12-01

The study of the lifetime and fate of NOx (=NO + NO2) is important for understanding its persistence and distribution. This requires an understanding of the balance of NOx sinks. Although urban NOx lifetimes are relatively well understood during summertime conditions, wintertime NOx chemistry has been comparatively less studied. We used measurements of NOx and its oxidation products from the aircraft-based WINTER (Wintertime INvestigation of Transport, Emissions, and Reactivity) campaign over the northeastern US during February-March 2015 to help constrain NOx lifetime during wintertime conditions when days are shorter, actinic flux is reduced, and temperatures are colder. By analyzing the marine outflow from the NYC-DC corridor, we learn that wintertime NOx has a long lifetime, is much longer-lived during the day than at night, and its lifetime is controlled during both periods by NOx conversion to nitric acid (HNO3) as the primary NOx sink. We also employ a two-box model to constrain the wintertime plume dilution rate and HNO3 deposition rate. Additionally, analysis of the nighttime Ox budget suggests that approximately 10% of O3 is lost overnight through N2O5 dark reactions that produce HNO3.

Ozone production, nitrogen oxides, and radical budgets in Mexico City: observations from Pico de Tres Padres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wood, E. C.; Herndon, S. C.; Onasch, T. B.; Kroll, J. H.; Canagaratna, M. R.; Kolb, C. E.; Worsnop, D. R.; Neuman, J. A.; Seila, R.; Zavala, M.; Knighton, W. B.

2008-08-01

Observations at a mountain-top site within the Mexico City basin are used to characterize ozone production and destruction, the nitrogen oxide budget, and the radical budget during the MILAGRO campaign. An ozone production rate of ~50 ppbv/h was observed in a stagnant air mass during the afternoon of 12 March 2006, which is among the highest observed anywhere in the world. Approximately half of the ozone destruction was due to the oxidation of NO2. During this time period ozone production was VOC-limited, deduced by a comparison of the radical production rates and the formation rate of NOx oxidation products (NOz) For [NOx]/[NOy] values between 0.2 and 0.8, gas-phase HNO3 typically accounted for less than 10% of NOz and accumulation-mode particulate nitrate (NO3-(PM)) accounted for 20% 70% of NOz, consistent with high ambient NH3 concentrations. The fraction of NOz accounted for by the sum of HNO3(g) and NO3-(PM) decreased with photochemical processing. This decrease is apparent even when dry deposition of HNO3 is accounted for, and indicates that HNO3 formation decreased relative to other NOx "sink" processes during the first 12 h of photochemistry and/or a significant fraction of the nitrate was associated with the coarse aerosol size mode. The ozone production efficiency of NOx on 11 and 12 March 2006 was approximately 7 on a time scale of one day. A new metric for ozone production efficiency that relates the dilution-adjusted ozone mixing ratio to cumulative OH exposure is proposed.

Better estimates of Entrainment Mixing, Subsidence, and Photochemical Ozone Production using Aircraft and WRF data during the California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trousdell, J.; Faloona, I. C.

2017-12-01

In situ flight data collected in the San Joaquin Valley of California during the summer of 2016 is used to measure boundary layer entrainment rates, ozone photochemical production, regional methane and NOx emissions. The San Joaquin Valley is plagued with air quality issues including a high frequency of ozone exceedances in the summer and an aerosol issue in the winter exacerbated by a complex mesoscale environment with a different mountain range on three sides creating an effective cul-de-sac which limits outflow and ventilation. In addition, higher elevation air brought over top of the valley can influence the valley air by entrainment at the top of the turbulent daytime atmospheric boundary layer. The flights were conducted during the California Baseline Ozone Transport Study (CABOTS). Flights are valley wide between the cities of Fresno and Visalia with a thorough probing of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) including vertical profiling to diagnose the ABL height and its growth rate. Entrainment velocities, which are the parameterized mixing of free tropospheric air into the boundary layer, are determined by a detailed budget equation of the inversion height. A novel scalar budgeting technique is then applied to expose residual terms of individual equations that amount to ozone photochemical production and emission rates, including; NOx and methane. The budget equations are closed out by our predicted entrainment velocities, time rate of change and horizontal advection all determined via flight data. The results of our NOx budget suggests that the California Air Resources Board emission estimates for soil NOx is grossly underestimated. A strong relationship between entrainment rates and vertical wind shear has been observed, suggesting a significant contribution to entrainment driven by vertical shear compared to the surface buoyancy flux which drives the turbulent vertical motions in the boundary layer.

Vehicle NOx emission plume isotopic signatures: Spatial variability across the eastern United States

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, David J.; Wojtal, Paul K.; Clark, Sydney C.; Hastings, Meredith G.

2017-04-01

On-road vehicle nitrogen oxide (NOx) sources currently dominate the U.S. anthropogenic emission budgets, yet vehicle NOx emissions have uncertain contributions to oxidized nitrogen (N) deposition patterns. Isotopic signatures serve as a potentially valuable observational tool to trace source contributions to NOx chemistry and N deposition, yet in situ emission signatures are underconstrained. We characterize the spatiotemporal variability of vehicle NOx emission isotopic signatures (δ15N-NOx) representative of U.S. vehicle fleet-integrated emission plumes. A novel combination of on-road mobile and stationary urban measurements is performed using a field and laboratory-verified technique for actively capturing NOx in solution to quantify δ15N-NOx at hourly resolution. On-road δ15N-NOx upwind of Providence, RI, ranged from -7 to -3‰. Simultaneous urban background δ15N-NOx observations showed comparable range and variations with on-road measurements, suggesting that vehicles dominate NOx emissions in the Providence area. On-road spatial δ15N-NOx variations of -9 to -2‰ were observed under various driving conditions in six urban metropolitan areas and rural interstate highways during summer and autumn in the U.S. Northeast and Midwest. Although isotopic signatures were insensitive to on-road driving mode variations, statistically significant correlations were found between δ15N-NOx and NOx emission factor extremes associated with heavy diesel emitter contributions. Overall, these results constrain an isotopic signature of fleet-integrated roadway NOx emission plumes, which have important implications for distinguishing vehicle NOx from other sources and tracking emission contributions to NOx chemistry and N deposition.

77 FR 28375 - Adequacy Status of the Submitted 2008 and 2022 VOC and NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-14

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [EPA-R01-OAR-2012-0290; A-1-FRL-9672-6] Adequacy Status of the... has found that the 2008 and 2022 motor vehicle emissions budgets in the March 2, 2012 New Hampshire... and 2022 MOVES2010 motor vehicle emissions budgets (MVEBs) in the March 2, 2012 SIP are adequate for...

40 CFR 97.521 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations and auction results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.521 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... Ozone Season source's compliance account the TR NOX Ozone Season allowances allocated to the TR NOX...

40 CFR 97.521 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations and auction results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.521 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... Ozone Season source's compliance account the TR NOX Ozone Season allowances allocated to the TR NOX...

40 CFR 97.521 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations and auction results.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.521 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... Ozone Season source's compliance account the TR NOX Ozone Season allowances allocated to the TR NOX...

40 CFR 97.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating permit or required, under...

40 CFR 97.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating permit or required, under...

40 CFR 96.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating...

40 CFR 96.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating...

40 CFR 97.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating permit or required, under...

40 CFR 96.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating...

40 CFR 96.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating...

40 CFR 96.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Permits § 96.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating...

40 CFR 97.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating permit or required, under...

40 CFR 97.320 - General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading... TRADING PROGRAMS Permits § 97.320 General CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program permit requirements. (a) For each CAIR NOX Ozone Season source required to have a title V operating permit or required, under...

40 CFR 96.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in unit may withdraw...

40 CFR 97.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in unit may withdraw...

40 CFR 96.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in unit may withdraw...

40 CFR 96.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in unit may withdraw...

40 CFR 97.511 - Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.511 Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) Existing units. (1) TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are allocated, for the control...

40 CFR 96.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in unit may withdraw...

40 CFR 97.511 - Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.511 Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) Existing units. (1) TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are allocated, for the control...

40 CFR 96.386 - Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season... STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.386 Withdrawal from CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program. Except as provided under paragraph (g) of this section, a CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.511 - Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.511 Timing requirements for TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) Existing units. (1) TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are allocated, for the control...

Nitrogen oxides in the troposphere - Global and regional budgets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Logan, J. A.

1983-01-01

The cycle of nitrogen oxides in the troposphere is discussed from both global and regional perspectives. Global sources for NO(x) are estimated to be of magnitude 50 (+ or - 25) x 10 to the 12th gm N/yr. Nitrogen oxides are derived from combustion of fossil fuels (40 percent) and biomass burning (25 percent) with the balance from lightning and microbial activity in soils. Estimates for the rate of removal of NOx based on recent atmospheric and precipitation chemistry data are consistent with global source strengths derived here. Industrial and agricultural activities provide approximately two thirds of the global source for NOx. In North America, sources from combustion of fossil fuels exceed natural sources by a factor of 3-13. Wet deposition removes about one third of the combustion source of NOx over North America, while dry deposition removes a similar amount. The balance is exported from the continent. Deposition of nitrate in precipitation over eastern Canada and the western Atlantic is clearly influenced by sources of NOx in the eastern United States.

The role of isoprene oxidation in the tropospheric ozone budget in the tropics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brewer, D. A.; Levine, J. S.

1985-01-01

A comprehensive chemical mechanism for the oxidation of isoprene (a hydrocarbon, C5H8 emitted primarily by vegetation) by OH and O3 in the troposphere was developed and incorporated into a one-dimensional steady-state photochemical model of the troposphere. Flux boundary conditions for NOx (NO + NO2), HNO3, O3, and CO were used to investigate the changes produced in the tropospheric concentrations and integrated column of ozone from including isoprene chemistry in the model. Two calculations were performed at 15 deg N latitude for annual conditions using identical flux boundary conditions for NOx, HNO3, O3, and CO; in one calculation, the chemistry describing isoprene oxidation was included while in the other it was not. Both sets of calculations included reactions describing the chemistry of anthropogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons. The calculations showed decreases in concentrations of ozone throughout the troposphere when isoprene chemistry was included. Concentrations of NOx and HNO3 increased in the lower troposphere and decreased in the upper troposphere while concentrations of CO and PAN increased throughout the troposphere when isoprene chemistry was included. Implications of this study to the budgets of these species in the tropics is discussed.

Region 6: Texas Adequate Letter (4/16/2010)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This letter from EPA to Texas Commission on Environmental Quality determined 2021 motor vehicle emission budgets for nitrogen oxides (NOx) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) for Beaumont/Port Arthur area adequate for transportation conformity purposes

76 FR 17287 - Protocol Gas Verification Program and Minimum Competency Requirements for Air Emission Testing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-28

...EPA is finalizing rule revisions that modify existing requirements for sources affected by the federally administered emission trading programs including the NOX Budget Trading Program, the Acid Rain Program, and the Clean Air Interstate Rule. EPA is amending its Protocol Gas Verification Program (PGVP) and the minimum competency requirements for air emission testing (formerly air emission testing body requirements) to improve the accuracy of emissions data. EPA is also amending other sections of the Acid Rain Program continuous emission monitoring system regulations by adding and clarifying certain recordkeeping and reporting requirements, removing the provisions pertaining to mercury monitoring and reporting, removing certain requirements associated with a class-approved alternative monitoring system, disallowing the use of a particular quality assurance option in EPA Reference Method 7E, adding two incorporation by references that were inadvertently left out of the January 24, 2008 final rule, adding two new definitions, revising certain compliance dates, and clarifying the language and applicability of certain provisions.

40 CFR 97.534 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation or if the owner or operator of such unit... not subject to the Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation, then the designated... Ozone Season units that are also subject to the Acid Rain Program, TR NOX Annual Trading Program, TR SO2...

40 CFR 97.534 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation or if the owner or operator of such unit... not subject to the Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation, then the designated... Ozone Season units that are also subject to the Acid Rain Program, TR NOX Annual Trading Program, TR SO2...

40 CFR 97.534 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation or if the owner or operator of such unit... not subject to the Acid Rain Program or a TR NOX Annual emissions limitation, then the designated... Ozone Season units that are also subject to the Acid Rain Program, TR NOX Annual Trading Program, TR SO2...

Region 5: Indiana Adequate Letter (7/15/2005)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This letter from EPA to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management determined the 2015 motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for Evansville, Indiana's 8-hour ozone nonattainment

Development of the Aqueous Processes for Removing NOx from Flue Gases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chappell, Gilford A.

A screening study was conducted to evaluate the capability of aqueous solutions to scrub NOx from the flue gases emitted by stationary power plants fired with fossil fuels. The report summarizes the findings of this laboratory program. The experimental program studied the following media for absorption of NOx from flue gases containing no NOx:…

Region 5: Wisconsin Adequate Letter (4/16/2015)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This March 13, 2015 letter from EPA approves Wisconsins Kenosha and Sheboygan counties Early Progress Plan for year 2015 Motor Vehicle Emissions Budgets (MVEBs) for VOC and NOx finding them adequate for transportation conformity purposes and will be announ

Region 5: Wisconsin Adequate Letter (5/21/2010)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This letter from EPA to the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, determined the 2012 and 2020 motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for the Milwaukee-Racine, Door County, Manitowoe

40 CFR 96.52 - NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false NOX Allowance Tracking System... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Tracking System § 96.52 NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative. (a) Following the...

40 CFR 96.52 - NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Allowance Tracking System... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS NOX Allowance Tracking System § 96.52 NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative. (a) Following the...

Region 5: Ohio Lima and Wheeling Adequate Letter (4/18/2007)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This letter from EPA to the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency determined the 2009 and 2018 motor vehicle emission budgets (MVEBs) for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) for the Allen County (Lima), Belmont County (Wheeling),

40 CFR 97.52 - NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false NOX Allowance Tracking System... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Tracking System § 97.52 NOX Allowance Tracking System... Tracking System account, all submissions to the Administrator pertaining to the account, including, but not...

40 CFR 97.52 - NOX Allowance Tracking System responsibilities of NOX authorized account representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false NOX Allowance Tracking System... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS NOX Allowance Tracking System § 97.52 NOX Allowance Tracking System... Tracking System account, all submissions to the Administrator pertaining to the account, including, but not...

Wildfire and soil emissions of NOx and their consequences for ozone observed at a remote mountaintop site in Central California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asher, E. C. C.; Caputi, D.; Conley, S. A.; Faloona, I. C.

2016-12-01

Nitric oxide (NOx) emissions contribute to the production of tropospheric ozone and the nutrient supply fueling primary production. Current global estimates indicate that biomass burning, including wildfires, and soil emissions represent 15 - 25 % of the total emissions. Yet estimates suggest that in North America during the summer, natural sources, including biomass burning, soil emissions and lightning, are responsible for nearly half of total emissions. Thus, as domestic air quality standards grow stricter and anthropogenic sources more regulated, constraining natural sources of NOx becomes critical. NOx concentrations in wildfire smoke differ based on the age of the plume, fire intensity and vegetation type. NOx soil emissions depend on soil moisture, soil temperature, soil porosity, and nitrogen storage. We present two years of NOx and ozone (O3) measurements from a remote mountaintop monitoring site located on Chews Ridge in the coastal mountains of Central California, airborne observations, and remotely sensed NO2 tropospheric columns retrieved using the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI). We explore controls on NOx concentrations at Chews Ridge, in Monterey County, such as the age of wildfire smoke plumes and wildfire intensity (i.e. burning vs. smoldering), as well as soil moisture and precipitation, which can lead to pulsed NOx fluxes. Most recently our in situ observations fortuitously captured differing amounts of the active plume of the Soberanes wildfire, which to date has burned >45,000 acres and is expected to continue partially contained through August 2016. Implications of these episodic sources of NOx on the regional ozone budget will be discussed.

Dosimeter-Type NOx Sensing Properties of KMnO4 and Its Electrical Conductivity during Temperature Programmed Desorption

PubMed Central

Groβ, Andrea; Kremling, Michael; Marr, Isabella; Kubinski, David J.; Visser, Jacobus H.; Tuller, Harry L.; Moos, Ralf

2013-01-01

An impedimetric NOx dosimeter based on the NOx sorption material KMnO4 is proposed. In addition to its application as a low level NOx dosimeter, KMnO4 shows potential as a precious metal free lean NOx trap material (LNT) for NOx storage catalysts (NSC) enabling electrical in-situ diagnostics. With this dosimeter, low levels of NO and NO2 exposure can be detected electrically as instantaneous values at 380 °C by progressive NOx accumulation in the KMnO4 based sensitive layer. The linear NOx sensing characteristics are recovered periodically by heating to 650 °C or switching to rich atmospheres. Further insight into the NOx sorption-dependent conductivity of the KMnO4-based material is obtained by the novel eTPD method that combines electrical characterization with classical temperature programmed desorption (TPD). The NOx loading amount increases proportionally to the NOx exposure time at sorption temperature. The cumulated NOx exposure, as well as the corresponding NOx loading state, can be detected linearly by electrical means in two modes: (1) time-continuously during the sorption interval including NOx concentration information from the signal derivative or (2) during the short-term thermal NOx release. PMID:23549366

40 CFR 97.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 97.388 Section 97.388 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.388 CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 97.388 Section 97.388 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.388 CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 97.388 Section 97.388 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.388 CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 97.388 Section 97.388 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.388 CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

40 CFR 97.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 97.388 Section 97.388 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 97.388 CAIR NOX Ozone Season...

THE ACID RAIN NOX PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

Between 350,000 and 400,000 tons of annual NOx emissions have been eliminated as a result of Phase I of the Acid Rain NOx Program. As expected. the utilities have chosen emissions averaging as the primary compliance option. This reflects that, in general, NO x reductions have ...

Summertime photochemistry during CAREBeijing-2007: ROx budgets and O3 formation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Zhen; Wang, Y.; Gu, Dasa

2012-08-28

We analyze summertime photochemistry near the surface in Beijing, China, using a 1-D photochemical model (Regional chEmical and trAnsport Model, REAM-1D) constrained by in situ observations, focusing on the budgets of ROx (OH + HO2 + RO2) radicals and O3 formation. While the modeling analysis focuses on near-surface photochemical budgets, the implications for the budget of O3 in the planetary boundary layer are also discussed. In terms of daytime average, the total ROx primary production rate near the surface in Beijing is 6.6 ppbv per hour (ppbv h{sup 1}, among the highest found in urban atmospheres. The largest primary ROxmore » source in Beijing is photolysis of oxygenated volatile organic compounds (OVOCs), which produces HO2 and RO2 at 2.5 ppbv h{sup 1}1 and 1.7 ppbv h{sup 1}, respectively. Photolysis of excess HONO from an unknown heterogeneous source is the predominant primary OH source at 2.2 ppbv h{sup 1}, much larger than that of O1D+H2O (0.4 ppbv h{sup 1}). The largest ROx sink is via OH + NO2 reaction (1.6 ppbv h{sup 1}), followed by formation of RO2NO2 (1.0 ppbv h{sup 1}) and RONO2 (0.7 ppbv h{sup 1}). Due to the large aerosol surface area, aerosol uptake of HO2 appears to be another important radical sink, although the estimate of its magnitude is highly variable depending on the uptake coefficient value used. The daytime average O3 production and loss rates near the surface are 32 ppbv h{sup 1} and 6.2 ppbv h{sup 1}, respectively. Assuming NO2 to be the source of excess HONO, the NO2 to HONO transformation leads to considerable O3 loss and reduction of its lifetime. Our observation-constrained modeling analysis suggests that oxidation of VOCs (especially aromatics) and heterogeneous reactions (e.g. HONO formation and aerosol uptake HO2) play potentially critical roles in the primary radical budget and O3 formation in Beijing. One important ramification is that O3 production is neither NOx nor VOC limited, but in a transition regime where reduction of either NOx or VOCs could result in reduction of O3 production. The transition regime implies more flexibility in the O3 control strategies than a binary system of either NOx or VOC limited regime. The co-benefit of concurrent reduction of both NOx and VOCs in reducing column O3 production integrated in the planetary boundary layer is significant. Further research on the spatial extent of the transition regime over the polluted eastern China is critically important for controlling regional O3 pollution.« less

Evaluation of the reactive nitrogen budget of the remote atmosphere in global models using airborne measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Murray, L. T.; Strode, S. A.; Fiore, A. M.; Lamarque, J. F.; Prather, M. J.; Thompson, C. R.; Peischl, J.; Ryerson, T. B.; Allen, H.; Blake, D. R.; Crounse, J. D.; Brune, W. H.; Elkins, J. W.; Hall, S. R.; Hintsa, E. J.; Huey, L. G.; Kim, M. J.; Moore, F. L.; Ullmann, K.; Wennberg, P. O.; Wofsy, S. C.

2017-12-01

Nitrogen oxides (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) in the background atmosphere are critical precursors for the formation of tropospheric ozone and OH, thereby exerting strong influence on surface air quality, reactive greenhouse gases, and ecosystem health. The impact of NOx on atmospheric composition and climate is sensitive to the relative partitioning of reactive nitrogen between NOx and longer-lived reservoir species of the total reactive nitrogen family (NOy) such as HNO3, HNO4, PAN and organic nitrates (RONO2). Unfortunately, global chemistry-climate models (CCMs) and chemistry-transport models (CTMs) have historically disagreed in their reactive nitrogen budgets outside of polluted continental regions, and we have lacked in situ observations with which to evaluate them. Here, we compare and evaluate the NOy budget of six global models (GEOS-Chem CTM, GFDL AM3 CCM, GISS E2.1 CCM, GMI CTM, NCAR CAM CCM, and UCI CTM) using new observations of total reactive nitrogen and its member species from the NASA Atmospheric Tomography (ATom) mission. ATom has now completed two of its four planned deployments sampling the remote Pacific and Atlantic basins of both hemispheres with a comprehensive suite of measurements for constraining reactive photochemistry. All six models have simulated conditions climatologically similar to the deployments. The GMI and GEOS-Chem CTMs have in addition performed hindcast simulations using the MERRA-2 reanalysis, and have been sampled along the flight tracks. We evaluate the performance of the models relative to the observations, and identify factors contributing to their disparate behavior using known differences in model oxidation mechanisms, heterogeneous loss pathways, lightning and surface emissions, and physical loss processes.

DOE Light Truck Clean Diesel (LTCD) Program Final Caterpillar Public Report Light Truck Clean Diesel Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eric Fluga

The US Department of Energy and Caterpillar entered a Cooperative Agreement to develop compression ignition engine technology suitable for the light truck/SUV market. Caterpillar, in collaboration with a suitable commercialization partner, developed a new Compression Ignition Direct Injection (CIDI) engine technology to dramatically improve the emissions and performance of light truck engines. The overall program objective was to demonstrate engine prototypes by 2004, with an order of magnitude emission reduction while meeting challenging fuel consumption goals. Program emphasis was placed on developing and incorporating cutting edge technologies that could remove the current impediments to commercialization of CIDI power sources inmore » light truck applications. The major obstacle to commercialization is emissions regulations with secondary concerns of driveability and NVH (noise, vibration and harshness). The target emissions levels were 0.05 g/mile NOx and 0.01 g/mile PM to be compliant with the EPA Tier 2 fleet average requirements of 0.07 g/mile and the CARB LEV 2 of 0.05 g/mile for NOx, both have a PM requirement of 0.01 g/mile. The program team developed a combustion process that fundamentally shifted the classic NOx vs. PM behavior of CIDI engines. The NOx vs. PM shift was accomplished with a form of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). The HCCI concept centers on appropriate mixing of air and fuel in the compression process and controlling the inception and rate of combustion through various means such as variable valve timing, inlet charge temperature and pressure control. Caterpillar has adapted an existing Caterpillar design of a single injector that: (1) creates the appropriate fuel and air mixture for HCCI, (2) is capable of a more conventional injection to overcome the low power density problems of current HCCI implementations, (3) provides a mixed mode where both the HCCI and conventional combustion are functioning in the same combustion cycle. Figure 1 illustrates the mixed mode injection system. Under the LTCD program Caterpillar developed a mixed mode injector for a multi-cylinder engine system. The mixed mode injection system represents a critical enabling technology for the implementation of HCCI. In addition, Caterpillar implemented variable valve system technology and air system technology on the multi-cylinder engine platform. The valve and air system technology were critical to system control. Caterpillar developed the combustion system to achieve a 93% reduction in NOx emissions. The resulting NOx emissions were 0.12 gm/mile NOx. The demonstrated emissions level meets the stringent Tier 2 Bin 8 requirement without NOx aftertreatment! However, combustion development alone was not adequate to meet the program goal of 0.05gm/mile NOx. To meet the program goals, an additional 60% NOx reduction technology will be required. Caterpillar evaluated a number of NOx reduction technologies to quantify and understand the NOx reduction potential and system performance implications. The NOx adsorber was the most attractive NOx aftertreatment option based on fuel consumption and NOx reduction potential. In spite of the breakthrough technology development conducted under the LTCD program there remains many significant challenges associated with the technology configuration. For HCCI, additional effort is needed to develop a robust control strategy, reduce the hydrocarbon emissions at light load condition, and develop a more production viable fuel system. Furthermore, the NOx adsorber suffers from cost, packaging, and durability challenges that must be addressed.« less

Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) State Budgets, Variability Limits, and Assurance Levels

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

These updated tables incorporate all adjustments finalized in the Supplemental Notice of Final Rulemaking (December 2011), the February Revisions Rule (February 7, 2012), and the June Revisions Rule (June 5, 2012) for the CSAPR for SO2, NOx and Ozone

Observed NO/NO2 Ratios in the Upper Troposphere Imply Errors in NO-NO2-O3 Cycling Kinetics or an Unaccounted NOx Reservoir

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Silvern, R. F.; Jacob, D. J.; Travis, K. R.; Sherwen, T.; Evans, M. J.; Cohen, R. C.; Laughner, J. L.; Hall, S. R.; Ullmann, K.; Crounse, J. D.; Wennberg, P. O.; Peischl, J.; Pollack, I. B.

2018-05-01

Observations from the SEAC4RS aircraft campaign over the southeast United States in August-September 2013 show NO/NO2 concentration ratios in the upper troposphere that are approximately half of photochemical equilibrium values computed from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) kinetic data. One possible explanation is the presence of labile NOx reservoir species, presumably organic, decomposing thermally to NO2 in the instrument. The NO2 instrument corrects for this artifact from known labile HNO4 and CH3O2NO2 NOx reservoirs. To bridge the gap between measured and simulated NO2, additional unaccounted labile NOx reservoir species would have to be present at a mean concentration of 40 ppt for the SEAC4RS conditions (compared with 197 ppt for NOx). An alternative explanation is error in the low-temperature rate constant for the NO + O3 reaction (30% 1-σ uncertainty in JPL at 240 K) and/or in the spectroscopic data for NO2 photolysis (20% 1-σ uncertainty). Resolving this discrepancy is important for understanding global budgets of tropospheric oxidants and for interpreting satellite observations of tropospheric NO2 columns.

Tracking agricultural soil nitric oxide emission variations with novel isotopic measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miller, D. J.; Chai, J.; Guo, F.; Overby, S.; Dell, C. J.; Karsten, H.; Hastings, M. G.

2016-12-01

Agricultural production systems impact the reactive nitrogen cycle via atmospheric nitrogen emissions including nitric oxide, denoted as total nitrogen oxides (NOx). NOx serve as precursors to ozone and nitrate aerosols, influencing air quality, radiative forcing, and ecosystem health. With recent declines in fuel combustion sources, soil emissions are an increasing contributor to NOx budgets. However, spatially heterogeneous, episodic soil NOx pulses are challenging to constrain and remain highly uncertain. Using a novel hourly resolution soil flux chamber-based NOx collection method, we investigate fertilizer management and climatic controls on cropland soil NOx flux and nitrogen isotopic composition (δ15N-NOx) natural abundance variations with field-based and laboratory measurements. No-till, rain-fed corn plots were sampled daily (triplicate isotope samples per treatment per day) following broadcast and shallow-disk injected dairy manure applications as part of a sustainable dairy cropping study in State College, PA (Penn State University; USDA-ARS). Injected manure plots exhibited median fluxes two times higher with larger spatial variations than that for broadcast manure. Soil emission δ15N-NOx signatures of -45 to -20 ‰ were correlated with flux magnitudes across both treatments. Median δ15N-NOx signatures for injected manure were lower with larger spatial variations (-32 ± 9 ‰) than that for broadcast manure (-24 ± 1.5 ‰). These differences are likely linked with higher NH4+ availability for nitrification with injected manure in contrast with higher NH3 volatilization and higher soil δ15N-NH4+ for broadcast manure. Although NOx fluxes were suppressed 1-2 days after heavy rainfall (>35 % water-filled pore space), δ15N-NOx remained consistent. Controlled laboratory incubation studies will also be presented quantifying links with inorganic substrate and fertilizer δ15N. Our observations suggest that agricultural soil δ15N-NOx signatures are linked with fertilizer δ15N and soil NH4+ availability and could serve as an observational tracer of regional fertilizer management gradients. Our results have significant implications for field-scale validations of soil NOx emission inventories and predictions of soil NOx influences on atmospheric oxidation chemistry.

40 CFR 97.524 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.524 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation. (a) Availability for deduction for compliance. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be...

40 CFR 97.524 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.524 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation. (a) Availability for deduction for compliance. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be...

40 CFR 97.522 - Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.522 Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers. (a) An authorized account representative seeking recordation of a TR NOX Ozone Season allowance...

40 CFR 97.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) The Administrator will determine by order the CAIR NOX Ozone...

40 CFR 97.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) The Administrator will determine by order the CAIR NOX Ozone...

40 CFR 97.525 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.525 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions. (a) Availability for deduction. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be deducted for...

40 CFR 97.523 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.523 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers... NOX Ozone Season allowance transfer that is correctly submitted under § 97.522, the Administrator will...

40 CFR 97.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) The Administrator will determine by order the CAIR NOX Ozone...

40 CFR 97.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) The Administrator will determine by order the CAIR NOX Ozone...

40 CFR 97.522 - Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.522 Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers. (a) An authorized account representative seeking recordation of a TR NOX Ozone Season allowance...

40 CFR 97.522 - Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.522 Submission of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers. (a) An authorized account representative seeking recordation of a TR NOX Ozone Season allowance...

40 CFR 97.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) The Administrator will determine by order the CAIR NOX Ozone...

40 CFR 97.523 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.523 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers... NOX Ozone Season allowance transfer that is correctly submitted under § 97.522, the Administrator will...

40 CFR 97.524 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.524 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season emissions limitation. (a) Availability for deduction for compliance. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be...

40 CFR 97.523 - Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.523 Recordation of TR NOX Ozone Season allowance transfers... NOX Ozone Season allowance transfer that is correctly submitted under § 97.522, the Administrator will...

40 CFR 97.525 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.525 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions. (a) Availability for deduction. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be deducted for...

40 CFR 97.525 - Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.525 Compliance with TR NOX Ozone Season assurance provisions. (a) Availability for deduction. TR NOX Ozone Season allowances are available to be deducted for...

Enhanced Oxidation Capacity from Photolytic HOx/NOx Recycling: Implications for CH4 Growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Madronich, S.

2017-12-01

Oxidation by OH radicals converts many emitted compounds (CO, CH4, VOCs as well as NOx, SO2, HCFCs, and others) to more soluble forms that can be removed rapidly from the atmosphere, e.g., by deposition. In a chemically stable atmosphere (without runaway concentration growth) the rate of OH production must generally exceed the emission rates of the reduced compounds, but secondary chemistry complicates OH budgets. If emission rates (e.g., E for CH4) increase, OH concentrations can either decrease or increase depending on NOx conditions, causing a non-linear dependence of CH4 concentrations on its emissions, [CH4] Ef where f, the methane feedback factor, is currently estimated in global 3d models to be 1.3-1.4. This feature is robust among models, and can be reproduced in simpler box models with the canonical Ox-HOx-NOx chemistry, in which global OH is increased by NOx emissions and decreased by CO, CH4, and VOC emissions. Scenarios with lower NOx emissions but higher CH4 emissions point to substantially lower global oxidation capacity in the future. Several newly hypothesized processes have attracted attention in recent years, including the photolytic recycling of OH from biogenic VOCs, and the photolysis of particulate nitrates to regenerate NOx. The latter process could be particularly significant in regions far from NOx emissions, where low NOx levels are more efficient at generating O3 and OH. To the extent that these processes do occur, they may provide some buffering of global OH against CH4 variations (f nearer 1), and more generally against anthropogenic perturbations. However, critical measurements from both lab and field are needed to assess the importance of these proposed processes.

Formation Of Nitrous Acid In Various Environments And Its Contribution To Hydroxyl Radical Budget

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, X.; Lu, K.; Liu, Y.; Rohrer, F.; Häseler, R.; Bohn, B.; Fuchs, H.; Hofzumahaus, A.; Wahner, A.; Kiendler-Scharr, A.; Zeng, L.; Zhang, Y.

2017-12-01

Nitrous acid (HONO) is an important trace gas in the atmosphere due to its contribution to the cycles of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and hydrogen oxides (HOx). Yet the formation mechanism of HONO during daytime remains large uncertainty. In the past ten years, we performed ground HONO measurements using the LOPAP technique in different seasons in two major mega-city areas, i.e., North China Plain and Pearl River Delta. Spatial distribution of HONO over different regions in Europe was also observed by the same technique on-board the Zeppelin NT airship in 2012 and 2013. For all field observations, parameters (OH, HO2, NOx, photolysis frequencies, aerosols, etc.) influencing the HONO budget were measured simultaneous, which allows us to investigate the source of HONO and its contribution to the hydroxyl radical budget. In this presentation, we summarize the general features of HONO in the planetary boundary layer in terms of its daytime concentration, spatial distribution, and source strength, and contribution to the primary OH production. Various proposed HONO formation mechanisms have been tested in order to explain the widely exited missing daytime HONO production of 100 - 200 ppt h-1 . We will show that there is not a stand alone mechanism can be used for explaining the HONO formation in various environments. Design of field experiments which effectively separate different physical and chemical processes would be helpful to pin down the major daytime HONO source and to understand its influence on the hydroxyl radical budget.

Nitrogen Oxides and Ozone from B-747 Measurements (NOXAR) During POLINAT-2 and SONEX: Overview and Case Studies on Continental and Marine Convection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeker, Dominique P.; Pfister, Lenny; Brunner, Dominik; Boccippio, Dennis J.; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Thompson, Anne M.; Wernli, Heini; Selkirk, Rennie B.; Kondo, Yutaka; Koike, Matoke

1997-01-01

In the framework of the project POLINAT 2 (Pollution in the North Atlantic Flight Corridor) we measured NO(x) (NO and NO2) and ozone on 85 flights through the North Atlantic Flight Corridor (NAFC) with a fully automated system permanently installed aboard an in-service Swissair B-747 airliner in the period of August to November 1997. The averaged NO(x) concentrations both in the NAFC and at the U.S. east coast were similar to that measured in autumn 1995 with the same system. The patchy occurrence of NO(x) enhancements up to 3000 pptv over several hundred kilometers (plumes), predominately found over the U.S. east coast lead to a log-normal NO(x) probability density function. In three case studies we examine the origins of such plumes by combining back-trajectories with brightness temperature enhanced (IR) satellite imagery, lightning observations from the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN) and the Optical Transient Detector (OTD) satellite. We demonstrate that the location of NO(x) plumes can be well explained with maps of convective influence. We show that the number of lightning flashes in cluster of marine thunderstorms is proportional to the NO(x) concentrations observed several hundred kilometers downwind of the anvil outflows. From the fact that in autumn the NO(x) maximum was found several hundred kilometers off the U.S. east coast, it can be inferred that thunderstorms triggered over the warm Gulf Stream current are major sources for the regional upper tropospheric NO(x) budget in autumn.

40 CFR 76.7 - Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers. 76.7 Section 76.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.7 Revised NOX...

40 CFR 76.7 - Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers. 76.7 Section 76.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.7 Revised NOX...

40 CFR 76.7 - Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers. 76.7 Section 76.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.7 Revised NOX...

40 CFR 76.7 - Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers. 76.7 Section 76.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.7 Revised NOX...

40 CFR 76.7 - Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Revised NOX emission limitations for Group 1, Phase II boilers. 76.7 Section 76.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.7 Revised NOX...

Reactive nitrogen partitioning and its relationship to winter ozone events in Utah

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; Bates, T. S.; Cohen, R. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dubé, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J.; Kercher, J.; Koss, A. R.; Lee, L.; Lerner, B. M.; McLaren, R.; Quinn, P. K.; Roberts, J. M.; Stutz, J.; Thornton, J. A.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.; Young, C. J.; Yuan, B.; Zarzana, K. J.; Brown, S. S.

2016-01-01

High wintertime ozone levels have been observed in the Uintah Basin, Utah, a sparsely populated rural region with intensive oil and gas operations. The reactive nitrogen budget plays an important role in tropospheric ozone formation. Measurements were taken during three field campaigns in the winters of 2012, 2013 and 2014, which experienced varying climatic conditions. Average concentrations of ozone and total reactive nitrogen were observed to be 2.5 times higher in 2013 than 2012, with 2014 an intermediate year in most respects. However, photochemically active NOx (NO + NO2) remained remarkably similar all three years. Nitric acid comprised roughly half of NOz ( ≡ NOy - NOx) in 2013, with nighttime nitric acid formation through heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 contributing approximately 6 times more than daytime formation. In 2012, N2O5 and ClNO2 were larger components of NOz relative to HNO3. The nighttime N2O5 lifetime between the high-ozone year 2013 and the low-ozone year 2012 is lower by a factor of 2.6, and much of this is due to higher aerosol surface area in the high-ozone year of 2013. A box-model simulation supports the importance of nighttime chemistry on the reactive nitrogen budget, showing a large sensitivity of NOx and ozone concentrations to nighttime processes.

40 CFR 97.512 - TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false TR NOX Ozone Season allowance... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.512 TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units. (a) For each control period in 2012 and thereafter and for the TR NOX Ozone Season units in each...

40 CFR 97.512 - TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false TR NOX Ozone Season allowance... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.512 TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units. (a) For each control period in 2012 and thereafter and for the TR NOX Ozone Season units in each...

40 CFR 97.512 - TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false TR NOX Ozone Season allowance... TR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program § 97.512 TR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to new units. (a) For each control period in 2012 and thereafter and for the TR NOX Ozone Season units in each...

Impact of isoprene and nitrogen oxides on O3 chemistry at the local and the regional scale : the ESCOMPTE experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortinovis, J.; Solmon, F.; Personne, E.; Serça, D.; Rosset, R.

2003-04-01

Concentrations of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO+NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) play a crucial role in the atmospheric chemistry through the production-destruction of tropospheric O3. In rural areas, NOx concentrations are much lower than in urban areas, whereas VOCs emissions can be relatively high. This is due to a relative longer residence time of VOCs, and to the substantial contribution of Biogenic VOCs (BVOCs) representing more than 85% of all the VOCs emitted at the Earth surface (half of it being isoprene). For these reasons, O3 production in rural areas is most of the time NOx-limited. Taking into account biogenic emissions of isoprene in global scale atmospheric chemistry modeling adds from 10 to 40% to the ozone produced when compared to the same simulation without isoprene. This suggests that BVOCs and NOx emissions must be accounted for in models of atmospheric pollution forecasting at local and regional scales. In this study, we present a sensitivity analysis on the impact of the isoprene and nitrogen oxides emissions at the local and the regional scale. This study is done from data collected during the ESCOMPTE campaign which took place in June and July 2001 in the Marseille region (Southwest France) characterized by both strong natural and anthropogenic sources of trace gases. Isoprene emission experimental data from a Quercus Pubescens Mediterranean forest are used to constrain the 1Dz Soil-Vegetation-Atmospheric-Transfer ISBA model. This SVAT is used in the 3D MESO-NH-Chemistry model to simulate scenarios of pollution at the regional scale including the measured biogenic source for isoprene, and GENEMIS anthropogenic sources for other trace gases. To focus on the chemistry aspect of these simulations, the atmospheric dynamics are set to an "ideal" configuration. We have investigated the impact of the relative position and distance between the biogenic and anthropogenic sources on the O3 budget. According to this, and to the intensity of the anthropogenic sources, isoprene emissions impact can become relatively significant in terms of O3 concentrations. O3 production is clearly linked with the different photochemical regime, with limitations for high COV:NOx (>20 -NOx limited) and low (<4 -COV limited) ratios. We performed an other sensitivity analysis on biogenic NOx emissions from crops, and their impact on O3 budget using a 1Dz model SURFATM. This model is based on an approach describing atmospheric exchanges with resistances (Choudhury and Monteith, 1988 ; Nemitz, 1998). Similarly to the ISBA scheme, SURFATM simulates the surface energy budget and the atmosphere-biosphere exchange of chemical species. We developed the model by including the basic NOx-O3 chemistry above and below the canopy. Ozone fluxes were simulated by the model constrained with ESCOMPTE experimental data performed in a maize field. The more detailed description of vegetation, and the inclusion of the chemistry scheme allowed us to have a better representation of ozone fluxes at the canopy scale. SURFATM will then be used in MESO-NH-Chemistry to simulate the interaction between a rural and an urban (or industrial) plume, as we did for isoprene. The last step will be to include the biogenic sources for isoprene and nitrogen oxides, and to perform new scenarios of pollution at the local or regional scale.

40 CFR 96.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... accounts. Upon receipt of a complete account certificate of representation under § 96.13, the Administrator... representation was submitted; and (2) An overdraft account for each source for which the account certificate of representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts. (1) Any person may...

40 CFR 96.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... accounts. Upon receipt of a complete account certificate of representation under § 96.13, the Administrator... representation was submitted; and (2) An overdraft account for each source for which the account certificate of representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts. (1) Any person may...

40 CFR 96.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... accounts. Upon receipt of a complete account certificate of representation under § 96.13, the Administrator... representation was submitted; and (2) An overdraft account for each source for which the account certificate of representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts. (1) Any person may...

40 CFR 96.51 - Establishment of accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... accounts. Upon receipt of a complete account certificate of representation under § 96.13, the Administrator... representation was submitted; and (2) An overdraft account for each source for which the account certificate of representation was submitted and that has two or more NOX Budget units. (b) General accounts. (1) Any person may...

40 CFR 96.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 96.388 Section 96.388 Protection of Environment... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.388 CAIR...

40 CFR 96.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 96.388 Section 96.388 Protection of Environment... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.388 CAIR...

40 CFR 96.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 96.388 Section 96.388 Protection of Environment... SO 2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.388 CAIR...

40 CFR 96.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 96.388 Section 96.388 Protection of Environment... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.388 CAIR...

40 CFR 96.388 - CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations to CAIR NOX Ozone Season opt-in units. 96.388 Section 96.388 Protection of Environment... SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Opt-in Units § 96.388 CAIR...

Low Emissions RQL Flametube Combustor Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chang, Clarence T.; Holdeman, James D.

2001-01-01

The overall objective of this test program was to demonstrate and evaluate the capability of the Rich-burn/Quick-mix/Lean-burn (RQL) combustor concept for HSR applications. This test program was in support of the Pratt & Whitney and GE Aircraft Engines HSR low-NOx Combustor Program. Collaborative programs with Parker Hannifin Corporation and Textron Fuel Systems resulted in the development and testing of the high-flow low-NOx rich-burn zone fuel-to-air ratio research fuel nozzles used in this test program. Based on the results obtained in this test program, several conclusions can be made: (1) The RQL tests gave low NOx and CO emissions results at conditions corresponding to HSR cruise. (2) The Textron fuel nozzle design with optimal multiple partitioning of fuel and air circuits shows potential of providing an acceptable uniform local fuel-rich region in the rich burner. (3) For the parameters studied in this test series, the tests have shown T3 is the dominant factor in the NOx formation for RQL combustors. As T3 increases from 600 to 1100 F, EI(NOx) increases approximately three fold. (4) Factors which appear to have secondary influence on NOx formation are P4, T4, infinity(sub rb), V(sub ref,ov). (5) Low smoke numbers were measured for infinity(sub rb) of 2.0 at P4 of 120 psia.

Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st century under the medium-high climate scenario RCP 6.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Revell, L. E.; Tummon, F.; Stenke, A.; Sukhodolov, T.; Coulon, A.; Rozanov, E.; Garny, H.; Grewe, V.; Peter, T.

2015-01-01

Because tropospheric ozone is both a~greenhouse gas and harmful air pollutant, it is important to understand how anthropogenic activities may influence its abundance and distribution through the 21st century. Here, we present model simulations performed with the chemistry-climate model SOCOL, in which spatially disaggregated chemistry and transport tracers have been implemented in order to better understand the distribution and projected changes in tropospheric ozone. We examine the influences of ozone precursor emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), climate change and stratospheric ozone recovery on the tropospheric ozone budget, in a~simulation following the climate scenario Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0. Changes in ozone precursor emissions have the largest effect, leading to a global-mean increase in tropospheric ozone which maximises in the early 21st century at 23%. The increase is most pronounced at northern midlatitudes, due to regional emission patterns: between 1990 and 2060, northern midlatitude tropospheric ozone remains at constantly large abundances: 31% larger than in 1960. Over this 70 year period, attempts to reduce emissions in Europe and North America do not have an effect on zonally-averaged northern midlatitude ozone because of increasing emissions from Asia, together with the longevity of ozone in the troposphere. A~simulation with fixed anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions of NOx, CO and non-methane VOCs at 1960 conditions shows a 6 % increase in global-mean tropospheric ozone, and an 11% increase at northern midlatitudes. This increase maximises in the 2080s, and is mostly caused by methane, which maximises in the 2080s following RCP 6.0, and plays an important role in controlling ozone directly, and indirectly through its influence on other VOCs and CO. Enhanced flux of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere as well as climate change-induced enhancements in lightning NOx emissions also increase the tropospheric ozone burden, although their impacts are relatively small. Overall, the results show that ozone in the future is governed largely by changes in methane and NOx; methane induces an increase in tropospheric ozone that is approximately one-third of that caused by NOx. Climate impacts on ozone through changes in tropospheric temperature, humidity and lightning NOx remain secondary compared with emission strategies relating to anthropogenic emissions of NOx, such as fossil fuel burning. Therefore, emission policies globally have a critical role to play in determining tropospheric ozone evolution through the 21st century.

An Alternative to NOx Cap-and-Trade Programs: An Exploratory Analysis of Charging NOx Emitters for Health Damages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mauzerall, D. L.; Sultan, B.; Kim, N.; Bradford, D.

2003-12-01

To address the problem of elevated O3 concentrations throughout the northeastern United States in summer, a NOx cap-and-trade program was implemented that reduced NOx emissions from large point sources by nearly 50%. To determine whether this program has been successful, we examine O3, NO and temperature measurements collected in the EPA-AIRS network prior to and after the cap-and-trade program went into effect in 1999. Ambient NO concentrations as measured in the EPA-AIRS network are lower in the post-cap period in all months except July. We find that the upper half of the distribution of O3 concentrations within the region is essentially unchanged (or slightly higher) in May and June, modestly reduced in July and August (except the highest concentrations which are larger in August), and significantly lower in September (ranging from 0-20 ppb lower between the mean and highest concentrations) in the 1999-2001 post-cap period relative to the 1995-1998 pre-cap period. Except for September, the frequency with which the 80ppb 8-hour NAAQS standard for O3 is exceeded has not decreased. Temperatures during the post-cap period were slightly higher in June, July and August, and slightly lower in September - likely contributing to reduced O3 levels during September in the post-cap period. To explore the possibility that trading, or selective emissions over the course of the summer, could influence regional O3 concentrations, we conduct chemical transport modeling experiments using the CAMx regional model. Even within May-September for a single year, demands for electrical power and hence NOx emissions are greater during hot than cool periods. We demonstrate that substantially more O3 is produced from identical NOx emissions from a single power plant on high temperature than on low temperature days in July 1995. Thus a lack of temporal restrictions on when in a single summer month NOx emissions may occur can result in higher O3 levels. We also demonstrate that identical NOx emissions in regions of high (low) isoprene emission result in greater (lesser) O3 production. This indicates that NOx trades from locations with low to high isoprene emissions likely result in increases in O3 production. Since the objective of reducing O3 concentrations is to reduce the impact elevated O3 has on human health and welfare, we examine the mortalities that result from the O3 produced from a fixed NOx emission in the two cases described above as well as in regions of high and low population. We estimate substantially higher mortality rates from a unit NOx emission as a result of elevated O3 concentrations for high temperature days, in regions of high isoprene emissions, and for emissions occurring upwind of large populations. We attempt to assign a monetary value to the loss of life resulting from the enhanced O3 concentrations that result from these NOx emissions. We propose, as an alternative to NOx emissions cap and trade programs, a system by which NOx emitters are charged for the marginal damage they cause as a result of the O3 produced from the NOx they emit. Rather than resulting in a reduction in total NOx emissions without necessarily reducing O3 concentrations (as a cap-and-trade program does), this alternative system provides a direct incentive to reduce NOx emissions at times and places where they cause the most harm.

40 CFR 96.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) By October 31, 2006, the permitting authority...

40 CFR 96.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) By October 31, 2006, the permitting authority...

40 CFR 96.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 20 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) By October 31, 2006, the permitting authority...

40 CFR 96.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) By October 31, 2006, the permitting authority...

40 CFR 96.341 - Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone... PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 96.341 Timing requirements for CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowance allocations. (a) By October 31, 2006, the permitting authority...

40 CFR 75.72 - Determination of NOX mass emissions for common stack and multiple stack configurations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Determination of NOX mass emissions... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING NOX Mass Emissions Provisions § 75.72 Determination of NOX mass emissions for common stack and multiple stack...

40 CFR 78.12 - Standard of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... persuasion to show that a finding of fact or conclusion of law underlying the decision is clearly erroneous... have the burden of persuasion that an Acid Rain permit NOX Budget permit, CAIR permit, or other... forward to show the rational basis for the decision. The petitioner shall have the burden of persuasion to...

40 CFR 78.12 - Standard of review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... persuasion to show that a finding of fact or conclusion of law underlying the decision is clearly erroneous... have the burden of persuasion that an Acid Rain permit NOX Budget permit, CAIR permit, or other... forward to show the rational basis for the decision. The petitioner shall have the burden of persuasion to...

40 CFR 78.4 - Filings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... § 78.4 Filings. (a) All original filings made under this part shall be signed by the person making the... behalf of persons with an interest in allowances in a general account shall be signed by the authorized account representative. Any filings on behalf of owners and operators of a NOX Budget unit or source shall...

Reactive nitrogen budget during the NASA SONEX Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Talbot, R. W.; Dibb, J. E.; Scheuer, E. M.; Kondo, Y.; Koike, M.; Singh, H. B.; Salas, L. B.; Fukui, Y.; Ballenthin, J. O.; Meads, R. F.; Miller, T. M.; Hunton, D. E.; Viggiano, A. A.; Blake, D. R.; Blake, N. J.; Atlas, E.; Flocke, F.; Jacob, D. J.; Jaegle, L.

The SASS Ozone and Nitrogen Oxides Experiment (SONEX) over the North Atlantic during October/November 1997 offered an excellent opportunity to examine the budget of reactive nitrogen in the upper troposphere (8-12 km altitude). The median measured total reactive nitrogen (NOy) mixing ratio was 425 parts per trillion by volume (pptv). A data set merged to the HNO3 measurement time resolution was used to calculate NOy (NOy sum) by summing the reactive nitrogen species (a combination of measured plus modeled results) and comparing it to measured NOy (NOy meas.). Comparisons were done for tropospheric air (O3 <100 parts per billion by volume (ppbv)) and stratospherically influenced air (O3 > 100 ppbv) with both showing good agreement between NOy sum and NOy meas. (slope >0.9 and r² ≈ 0.9). The total reactive nitrogen budget in the upper troposphere over the North Atlantic appears to be dominated by a mixture of NOx (NO + NO2), HNO3, and PAN. In tropospheric air median values of NOx/NOy were ≈ 0.25, HNO3/NOy ≈ 0.35 and PAN/NOy ≈ 0.17. Particulate NO3- and alkyl nitrates together composed <10% of NOy, while model estimated HNO4 averaged 12%. For the air parcels sampled during SONEX, there does not appear to be a large reservoir of unidentified NOy compounds.

The chemistry-climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schultz, Martin G.; Stadtler, Scarlet; Schröder, Sabine; Taraborrelli, Domenico; Franco, Bruno; Krefting, Jonathan; Henrot, Alexandra; Ferrachat, Sylvaine; Lohmann, Ulrike; Neubauer, David; Siegenthaler-Le Drian, Colombe; Wahl, Sebastian; Kokkola, Harri; Kühn, Thomas; Rast, Sebastian; Schmidt, Hauke; Stier, Philip; Kinnison, Doug; Tyndall, Geoffrey S.; Orlando, John J.; Wespes, Catherine

2018-05-01

The chemistry-climate model ECHAM-HAMMOZ contains a detailed representation of tropospheric and stratospheric reactive chemistry and state-of-the-art parameterizations of aerosols using either a modal scheme (M7) or a bin scheme (SALSA). This article describes and evaluates the model version ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3-MOZ1.0 with a focus on the tropospheric gas-phase chemistry. A 10-year model simulation was performed to test the stability of the model and provide data for its evaluation. The comparison to observations concentrates on the year 2008 and includes total column observations of ozone and CO from IASI and OMI, Aura MLS observations of temperature, HNO3, ClO, and O3 for the evaluation of polar stratospheric processes, an ozonesonde climatology, surface ozone observations from the TOAR database, and surface CO data from the Global Atmosphere Watch network. Global budgets of ozone, OH, NOx, aerosols, clouds, and radiation are analyzed and compared to the literature. ECHAM-HAMMOZ performs well in many aspects. However, in the base simulation, lightning NOx emissions are very low, and the impact of the heterogeneous reaction of HNO3 on dust and sea salt aerosol is too strong. Sensitivity simulations with increased lightning NOx or modified heterogeneous chemistry deteriorate the comparison with observations and yield excessively large ozone budget terms and too much OH. We hypothesize that this is an impact of potential issues with tropical convection in the ECHAM model.

Radiative forcing from aircraft NOx emissions: Mechanisms and seasonal dependence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevenson, David S.; Doherty, Ruth M.; Sanderson, Michael G.; Collins, William J.; Johnson, Colin E.; Derwent, Richard G.

2004-09-01

A chemistry-climate model has been applied to study the radiative forcings generated by aircraft NOx emissions through changes in ozone and methane. Four numerical experiments, where an extra pulse of aircraft NOx was emitted into the model atmosphere for a single month (January, April, July, or October), were compared to a control experiment, allowing the aircraft impact to be isolated. The extra NOx produces a short-lived (few months) pulse of ozone that generates a positive radiative forcing. However, the NOx and O3 both generate OH, which leads to a reduction in CH4. A detailed analysis of the OH budget reveals the spatial structure and chemical reactions responsible for the generation of the OH perturbation. Methane's long lifetime means that the CH4 anomaly decays slowly (perturbation lifetime of 11.1 years). The negative CH4 anomaly also has an associated negative O3 anomaly, and both of these introduce a negative radiative forcing. There are important seasonal differences in the response of O3 and CH4 to aircraft NOx, related to the annual cycle in photochemistry; the O3 radiative forcing calculations also have a seasonal dependence. The long-term globally integrated annual mean net forcing calculated here is approximately zero, although earlier work suggests a small net positive forcing. The model design (e.g., upper tropospheric chemistry, convection parameterization) and experimental setup (pulse magnitude and duration) may somewhat influence the results: further work with a range of models is required to confirm these results quantitatively.

NOX2 As a Target for Drug Development: Indications, Possible Complications, and Progress

PubMed Central

Diebold, Becky A.; Smith, Susan M.E.; Li, Yang

2015-01-01

Abstract Significance: NOX2 is important for host defense, and yet is implicated in a large number of diseases in which inflammation plays a role in pathogenesis. These include acute and chronic lung inflammatory diseases, stroke, traumatic brain injury, and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Diseases. Recent Advances: Recent drug development programs have targeted several NOX isoforms that are implicated in a variety of diseases. The focus has been primarily on NOX4 and NOX1 rather than on NOX2, due, in part, to concerns about possible immunosuppressive side effects. Nevertheless, NOX2 clearly contributes to the pathogenesis of many inflammatory diseases, and its inhibition is predicted to provide a novel therapeutic approach. Critical Issues: Possible side effects that might arise from targeting NOX2 are discussed, including the possibility that such inhibition will contribute to increased infections and/or autoimmune disorders. The state of the field with regard to existing NOX2 inhibitors and targeted development of novel inhibitors is also summarized. Future Directions: NOX2 inhibitors show particular promise for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, both acute and chronic. Theoretical side effects include pro-inflammatory and autoimmune complications and should be considered in any therapeutic program, but in our opinion, available data do not indicate that they are sufficiently likely to eliminate NOX2 as a drug target, particularly when weighed against the seriousness of many NOX2-related indications. Model studies demonstrating efficacy with minimal side effects are needed to encourage future development of NOX2 inhibitors as therapeutic agents. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 23, 375–405. PMID:24512192

40 CFR 97.343 - Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. 97.343 Section 97.343 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.343 Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 97.341, 97.342...

40 CFR 97.343 - Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. 97.343 Section 97.343 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.343 Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 97.341, 97.342...

40 CFR 97.343 - Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. 97.343 Section 97.343 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.343 Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 97.341, 97.342...

40 CFR 97.343 - Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. 97.343 Section 97.343 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.343 Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 97.341, 97.342...

40 CFR 97.343 - Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. 97.343 Section 97.343 Protection of Environment... NOX AND SO2 TRADING PROGRAMS CAIR NOX Ozone Season Allowance Allocations § 97.343 Alternative of allocation of CAIR NOX Ozone Season allowances by permitting authority. (a) Notwithstanding §§ 97.341, 97.342...

40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

40 CFR 60.4174 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... unit is subject to an Acid Rain emission limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program, CAIR SO2... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program, CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

40 CFR 60.4174 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... unit is subject to an Acid Rain emission limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program, CAIR SO2... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program, CAIR SO2...

40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

40 CFR 76.6 - NOX emission limitations for Group 2 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.6 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the...

The challenge to NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Y.; Zhang, S. J.; Li, M. L.; Ge, Y. S.; Shu, J. W.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, Y. Y.; Hu, J. N.; Liu, H.; Fu, L. X.; He, K. B.; Hao, J. M.

2012-10-01

China's new "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" set a target for total NOx emission reduction of 10% for the period of 2011-2015. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have been considered a major contributor to NOx emissions in China. Beijing initiated a comprehensive vehicle test program in 2008. This program included a sub-task for measuring on-road emission profiles of hundreds of HDDVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The major finding is that neither the on-road distance-specific (g km-1) nor brake-specific (g kWh-1) NOx emission factors for diesel buses and heavy-duty diesel trucks improved in most cases as emission standards became more stringent. For example, the average NOx emission factors for Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV buses are 11.3 ± 3.3 g km-1, 12.5 ± 1.3 g km-1, and 11.8 ± 2.0 g km-1, respectively. No statistically significant difference in NOx emission factors was observed between Euro II and III buses. Even for Euro IV buses equipped with SCR systems, the NOx emission factors are similar to Euro III buses. The data regarding real-time engine performance of Euro IV buses suggest the engine certification cycles did not reflect their real-world operating conditions. These new on-road test results indicate that previous estimates of total NOx emissions for HDDV fleet may be significantly underestimated. The new estimate in total NOx emissions for the Beijing HDDV fleet in 2009 is 37.0 Gg, an increase of 45% compared to the previous study. Further, we estimate that the total NOx emissions for the national HDDV fleet in 2009 are approximately 4.0 Tg, higher by 1.0 Tg (equivalent to 18% of total NOx emissions for vehicle fleet in 2009) than that estimated in the official report. This would also result in 4% increase in estimation of national anthropogenic NOx emissions. More effective control measures (such as promotion of CNG buses and a new in-use compliance testing program) are urged to secure the goal of total NOx mitigation for the HDDV fleet in the future.

Variability of Stratospheric Reactive Nitrogen and Ozone Related to the QBO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, M.; Randel, W. J.; Kinnison, D. E.; Bourassa, A. E.; Degenstein, D. A.; Roth, C. Z.; McLinden, C. A.; Sioris, C. E.; Livesey, N. J.; Santee, M. L.

2017-09-01

The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) dominates interannual variability of dynamical variables and trace constituents in the tropical stratosphere and provides a natural experiment to test circulation-chemistry interactions. This work quantifies the relationships among ozone (O3), reactive nitrogen (NOy), and source gas N2O, and their links to the QBO, based on satellite constituent measurements and meteorological data spanning 2005-2014 (over four QBO cycles). Data include O3, HNO3, and N2O from the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder and an NOx proxy derived from Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imager System NO2 measurements combined with a photochemical box model (= NOx*). Results are compared to simulations from the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model, version 4 incorporating a QBO circulation nudged to assimilated winds. Cross correlations and composites with respect to the QBO phase show coherent 180° out-of-phase relationships between NOy and N2O throughout the stratosphere, with the NOx/HNO3 ratio increasing with altitude. The anomalies in NOy species propagate coherently downward with the QBO. Ozone is anticorrelated with reactive nitrogen in the middle stratosphere above 28 km due to NOx control of ozone catalytic loss cycles. Quantitative comparisons of nitrogen partitioning and O3 sensitivity to NOx show good overall agreement between satellite observations and model results (suggesting closure of the NOy budget), although the model results show larger (up to 20%) N2O, NOx, and O3 variations near 35 km compared to observations. These analyses serve to assess the consistency of diverse satellite-based data sets and also to evaluate nitrogen partitioning and NOx-dependent ozone chemistry in the global model.

ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION: ADD-ON NOX CONTROLS

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses the environmental technology verification (ETV) of add-on nitrogen oxide (NOx) controls. Research Triangle Institute (RTI) is EPA's cooperating partner for the Air Pollution Control Technology (APCT) Program, one of a dozen ETV pilot programs. Verification of ...

Chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometry-Based Measurements of HO2 and RO2 During TRACE-P

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cantrell, Christopher A.; Eisele, Fred L.

2004-01-01

The Transport and Chemical Evolution over the Pacific (TRACE-P) mission extends NASA's Global Tropospheric Experiment (GTE) series of campaigns. TRACE-P was an aircraft-based campaign that was part of a larger ground-based and aircraft-based program (APARE) under the auspices of the International Global Atmospheric Chemistry (IGAC) program. TRACE-P was designed to (1) determine the chemical composition of Asian outflow over the western Pacific, and to (2) determine the chemical evolution of the Asian outflow. These objectives were addressed through a variety of observations and numerical modeling exercises. In particular, the goals included sampling strategies that would improve understanding of the budgets of odd hydrogen species (OH and HO2), budgets of NOx (NO, NO2, and their reservoirs), and impacts of oxidants produced in the outflow on air quality in the United States. The NASA DC-8 and P-3B aircraft were deployed in the March and April, 2001 out of primary bases of operation in Hong Kong and Yokota Air Base in Japan. These two aircraft have complementary capabilities which allow high altitude and long range impacts, as well as low altitude, local impacts to be assessed. In order to quantify the composition and evolution of Asian outflow, it is important to quantify as many species as possible including photochemically active species (e.g. NO2, CH2O, O3, acetone, etc.), sources species (VOCs, CO, NOx, SO2, aerosols), reactive intermediates including free radicals (OH, HO2, RO2, and their reservoirs), and end products (nitric acid, sulfuric acid, secondary aerosols, etc.). The more complete the measurement suite, the more tightly constrained the numerical modeling can be (within the uncertainties of the measurements). The numerical models range in sophistication from simple steady state box models (as employed in this study) to multi-dimensional chemical transport models. Data were collected on approximately 20 flights of the DC-8 and 21 flights of the P-3B. Observations from both aircraft were used in the present analysis, but primarily focused on the P-3B flights since that was the platform on which the peroxy radical instrumentation was based.

The challenge to NOx emission control for heavy-duty diesel vehicles in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Y.; Zhang, S. J.; Li, M. L.; Ge, Y. S.; Shu, J. W.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, Y. Y.; Hu, J. N.; Liu, H.; Fu, L. X.; He, K. B.; Hao, J. M.

2012-07-01

China's new "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" set a target for total NOx emission reduction of 10% for the period of 2011-2015. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles (HDDVs) have been considered a major contributor to NOx emissions in China. Beijing initiated a comprehensive vehicle test program in 2008. This program included a sub-task for measuring on-road emission profiles of hundreds of HDDVs using portable emission measurement systems (PEMS). The major finding is that neither the on-road distance-specific (g km -1) nor brake-specific (g kW h-1) NOx emission factors for diesel buses and heavy-duty diesel trucks improved in most cases as emission standards became more stringent. For example, the average NOx emission factors for Euro II, Euro III and Euro IV buses are 11.3±3.3 g km-1, 12.5± 1.3 g km-1, and 11.8±2.0 g km-1, respectively. No statistically significant difference in NOx emission factors was observed between Euro II and III buses. Even for Euro IV buses equipped with SCR systems, the NOx emission factors are similar to Euro III buses. The data regarding real-time engine performance of Euro IV buses suggest the engine certification cycles did not reflect their real-world operating conditions. These new on-road test results indicate that previous estimates of total NOx emissions for HDDV fleet may be significantly underestimated. The new estimate in total NOx emissions for the Beijing HDDV fleet in 2009 is 37.0 Gg, an increase of 45% compared to the previous study. Further, we estimate that the total NOx emissions for the national HDDV fleet in 2009 are approximately 4.0 Tg, higher by 1.0 Tg (equivalent to 18% of total NOx emissions for vehicle fleet in 2009) than that estimated in the official report. This would also result in 4% increase in estimation of national anthropogenic NOx emissions. More effective control measures (such as promotion of CNG buses and a new in-use compliance testing program) are urged to secure the goal of total NOxmitigation for the HDDV fleet in the future.

Drivers of the tropospheric ozone budget throughout the 21st century under the medium-high climate scenario RCP 6.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Revell, L. E.; Tummon, F.; Stenke, A.; Sukhodolov, T.; Coulon, A.; Rozanov, E.; Garny, H.; Grewe, V.; Peter, T.

2015-05-01

Because tropospheric ozone is both a greenhouse gas and harmful air pollutant, it is important to understand how anthropogenic activities may influence its abundance and distribution through the 21st century. Here, we present model simulations performed with the chemistry-climate model SOCOL, in which spatially disaggregated chemistry and transport tracers have been implemented in order to better understand the distribution and projected changes in tropospheric ozone. We examine the influences of ozone precursor emissions (nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)), climate change (including methane effects) and stratospheric ozone recovery on the tropospheric ozone budget, in a simulation following the climate scenario Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 6.0 (a medium-high, and reasonably realistic climate scenario). Changes in ozone precursor emissions have the largest effect, leading to a global-mean increase in tropospheric ozone which maximizes in the early 21st century at 23% compared to 1960. The increase is most pronounced at northern midlatitudes, due to regional emission patterns: between 1990 and 2060, northern midlatitude tropospheric ozone remains at constantly large abundances: 31% larger than in 1960. Over this 70-year period, attempts to reduce emissions in Europe and North America do not have an effect on zonally averaged northern midlatitude ozone because of increasing emissions from Asia, together with the long lifetime of ozone in the troposphere. A simulation with fixed anthropogenic ozone precursor emissions of NOx, CO and non-methane VOCs at 1960 conditions shows a 6% increase in global-mean tropospheric ozone by the end of the 21st century, with an 11 % increase at northern midlatitudes. This increase maximizes in the 2080s and is mostly caused by methane, which maximizes in the 2080s following RCP 6.0, and plays an important role in controlling ozone directly, and indirectly through its influence on other VOCs and CO. Enhanced flux of ozone from the stratosphere to the troposphere as well as climate change-induced enhancements in lightning NOx emissions also increase the tropospheric ozone burden, although their impacts are relatively small. Overall, the results show that under this climate scenario, ozone in the future is governed largely by changes in methane and NOx; methane induces an increase in tropospheric ozone that is approximately one-third of that caused by NOx. Climate impacts on ozone through changes in tropospheric temperature, humidity and lightning NOx remain secondary compared with emission strategies relating to anthropogenic emissions of NOx, such as fossil fuel burning. Therefore, emission policies globally have a critical role to play in determining tropospheric ozone evolution through the 21st century.

Low NO/x/ heavy fuel combustor program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lister, E.; Niedzwiecki, R. W.; Nichols, L.

1980-01-01

The paper deals with the 'Low NO/x/ Heavy Fuel Combustor Program'. Main program objectives are to generate and demonstrate the technology required to develop durable gas turbine combustors for utility and industrial applications, which are capable of sustained, environmentally acceptable operation with minimally processed petroleum residual fuels. The program will focus on 'dry' reductions of oxides of nitrogen (NO/x/), improved combustor durability and satisfactory combustion of minimally processed petroleum residual fuels. Other technology advancements sought include: fuel flexibility for operation with petroleum distillates, blends of petroleum distillates and residual fuels, and synfuels (fuel oils derived from coal or shale); acceptable exhaust emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, sulfur oxides and smoke; and retrofit capability to existing engines.

Hydroxyl and Hydroperoxy Radical Chemistry during the MCMA-2006 Field Campaign: Measurement and Model Comparison

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dusanter, S.; Vimal, D.; Stevens, P. S.; Volkamer, R.; Molina, L. T.

2007-12-01

The Mexico City Metropolitan Area (MCMA) field campaign, held in March 2006, was a unique opportunity to collect data in one of the most polluted megacities in the world. Such environments exhibit a complex oxidation chemistry involving a strong coupling between odd hydrogen radicals (HOX=OH+HO2) and nitrogen oxides species (NOX=NO+NO2). High levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and NOX control the HOX budget and lead to elevated tropospheric ozone formation. The HOX-NOX coupling can be investigated by comparing measured and model-predicted HOx concentrations. Atmospheric HOX concentrations were measured by the Indiana University laser-induced fluorescence instrument and data were collected at the Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo between 14 and 31 March. Measured hydroxyl radical (OH) concentrations are comparable to that measured in less polluted urban environments and suggest that the OH concentrations are highly buffered under high NOX conditions. In contrast, hydroperoxy radical (HO2) concentrations are more sensitive to the NOX levels and are highly variable between different urban sites. Enhanced levels of OH and HO2 radicals were observed on several days between 9h30-11h00 AM and suggest an additional HOX source for the morning hours and/or a fast HOX cycling under the high NOX conditions of the MCMA. A preliminary investigation of the HOX chemistry occurring in the MCMA urban atmosphere was performed using a photochemical box model based on the Regional Atmospheric Chemistry Mechanism (RACM). Model comparisons will be presented and the agreement between measured and predicted HOX concentrations will be discussed.

Measurements of hydroxyl and hydroperoxy radicals during CalNex-LA: Model comparisons and radical budgets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Griffith, S. M.; Hansen, R. F.; Dusanter, S.; Michoud, V.; Gilman, J. B.; Kuster, W. C.; Veres, P. R.; Graus, M.; de Gouw, J. A.; Roberts, J.; Young, C.; Washenfelder, R.; Brown, S. S.; Thalman, R.; Waxman, E.; Volkamer, R.; Tsai, C.; Stutz, J.; Flynn, J. H.; Grossberg, N.; Lefer, B.; Alvarez, S. L.; Rappenglueck, B.; Mielke, L. H.; Osthoff, H. D.; Stevens, P. S.

2016-04-01

Measurements of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxy (HO2*) radical concentrations were made at the Pasadena ground site during the CalNex-LA 2010 campaign using the laser-induced fluorescence-fluorescence assay by gas expansion technique. The measured concentrations of OH and HO2* exhibited a distinct weekend effect, with higher radical concentrations observed on the weekends corresponding to lower levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx). The radical measurements were compared to results from a zero-dimensional model using the Regional Atmospheric Chemical Mechanism-2 constrained by NOx and other measured trace gases. The chemical model overpredicted measured OH concentrations during the weekends by a factor of approximately 1.4 ± 0.3 (1σ), but the agreement was better during the weekdays (ratio of 1.0 ± 0.2). Model predicted HO2* concentrations underpredicted by a factor of 1.3 ± 0.2 on the weekends, while measured weekday concentrations were underpredicted by a factor of 3.0 ± 0.5. However, increasing the modeled OH reactivity to match the measured total OH reactivity improved the overall agreement for both OH and HO2* on all days. A radical budget analysis suggests that photolysis of carbonyls and formaldehyde together accounted for approximately 40% of radical initiation with photolysis of nitrous acid accounting for 30% at the measurement height and ozone photolysis contributing less than 20%. An analysis of the ozone production sensitivity reveals that during the week, ozone production was limited by volatile organic compounds throughout the day during the campaign but NOx limited during the afternoon on the weekends.

Observational Comparison of Hydroxynitrates from the Southeast United States and the Korean-US Air Quality (KORUS-AQ) Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, M. J.; Teng, A.; Crounse, J.; Wennberg, P. O.

2016-12-01

Hydroxynitrates, a multifunctional product of alkene oxidation, can make significant impacts on regional ozone, SOA, and NOX budgets. A product of VOC oxidation and NOx, hydroxynitrates can be key markers of interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic sources, as well as aging of petrochemical emissions. This work compares observations from recent field campaigns across the globe including the Southeast United States (SEAC4RS, SOAS) as well as the recently concluded Korean US Air Quality mission (KORUS-AQ). The KORUS-AQ airborne campaign examined air quality around the Seoul Metropolitan Area (population 25 million) and immediate forested regions, as well as petrochemical processing facilities and shipping activities throughout the Korean peninsula.

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

-- OAS Intranet -- Sunday 27 May 2018 Approved Program-Budget 2018 Proposed Program-Budget 2018 Approved Program-Budget 2017 Proposed Program-Budget 2017 Approved Program-Budget 2016 Proposed Program -Budget 2016 Approved Program-Budget 2015 Proposed Program-Budget 2015 Approved Program-Budget 2014

Chemically Reactive Nitrogen Trace Species in the Planetary Boundary Layer

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

56 Biogenic NO Budget Used in the EPA Regional Oxidant Model ......... 58 Conclusions and...Regional Oxidant Model (ROM) ............................... 59 Table 2.4. Air and soil temperatures and average NO flux using W illiam s’ m odel...1985; Penkett, 1988). Yienger and Levy (1995) developed an empirically based model to estimate soil NOx emissions on a global scale. They have reported

40 CFR 75.12 - Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.12 Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate. (a) Coal-fired units, gas-fired nonpeaking units or oil-fired... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring NOX...

40 CFR 75.12 - Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.12 Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate. (a) Coal-fired units, gas-fired nonpeaking units or oil-fired... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring NOX...

40 CFR 75.12 - Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.12 Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate. (a) Coal-fired units, gas-fired nonpeaking units or oil-fired... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring NOX...

40 CFR 75.12 - Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.12 Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate. (a) Coal-fired units, gas-fired nonpeaking units or oil-fired... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring NOX...

40 CFR 75.12 - Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Monitoring Provisions § 75.12 Specific provisions for monitoring NOX emission rate. (a) Coal-fired units, gas-fired nonpeaking units or oil-fired... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specific provisions for monitoring NOX...

40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

40 CFR 96.374 - Recordkeeping and reporting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... quarterly reports, as follows: (1) If the CAIR NOX Ozone Season unit is subject to an Acid Rain emissions... not subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or a CAIR NOX emissions limitation, then the CAIR... are also subject to an Acid Rain emissions limitation or the CAIR NOX Annual Trading Program or CAIR...

Effectiveness of replacing catalytic converters in LPG-fueled vehicles in Hong Kong

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyu, X. P.; Guo, H.; Simpson, I. J.; Meinardi, S.; Louie, P. K. K.; Ling, Z. H.; Wang, Y.; Liu, M.; Luk, C. W. Y.; Wang, N.; Blake, D. R.

2015-12-01

Many taxis and public buses are powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Hong Kong. With more vehicles using LPG, they have become the major contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Hong Kong. An intervention program aimed to reduce the emissions of VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from LPG-fueled vehicles was implemented by the Hong Kong Government in September 2013. Long-term real-time measurements indicated that the program was remarkably effective in reducing LPG-related VOCs, NOx and nitric oxide (NO) in the atmosphere. Receptor modeling results further revealed that propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane and NO in LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust emissions decreased by 37.3 ± 0.4, 50.2 ± 0.3, 32.9 ± 0.4, 41.1 ± 0.4 and 75.9 ± 0.3 %, respectively, during the implementation of the program. In contrast, despite the reduction of VOCs and NOx, the O3 production following the program increased by 0.25 ± 0.04 ppbv h-1 (4.8 %). Moreover, the production rate of HOx decreased due to the reduction of VOCs, whereas NO reduction resulted in a more significant decrease of the HOx in destruction compared to the decrease in production, and an increase of hydroxyl (OH) and hydroperoxyl (HO2). Analysis of O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity in ambient air indicated VOC-limited regimes in the O3 formation before and during the program. Moreover, a maximum reduction percentage of NOx (i.e., 29.4 %) and the lowest reduction ratio of VOCs / NOx (i.e., ~ 3 : 1) in LPG-fueled vehicle emissions were determined to give a zero O3 increment. The findings are of great help to future formulation and implementation of control strategies on vehicle emissions in Hong Kong.

Development of a Comprehensive Community Nitrogen Oxide Emissions Reduction Toolkit (CCNERT)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sung, Yong Hoon

The main objective of this study is to research and develop a simplified tool to estimate energy use in a community and its associated effects on air pollution. This tool is intended to predict the impacts of selected energy conservation options and efficiency programs on emission reduction. It is intended to help local government and their residents understand and manage information collection and the procedures to be used. This study presents a broad overview of the community-wide energy use and NOx emissions inventory process. It also presents various simplified procedures to estimate each sector's energy use. In an effort to better understand community-wide energy use and its associated NOx emissions, the City of College Station, Texas, was selected as a case study community for this research. While one community might successfully reduce the production of NOx emissions by adopting electricity efficiency programs in its buildings, another community might be equally successful by changing the mix of fuel sources used to generate electricity, which is consumed by the community. In yet a third community low NOx automobiles may be mandated. Unfortunately, the impact and cost of one strategy over another changes over time as major sources of pollution are reduced. Therefore, this research proposes to help community planners answer these questions and to assist local communities with their NOx emission reduction plans by developing a Comprehensive Community NOx Emissions Reduction Toolkit (CCNERT). The proposed simplified tool could have a substantial impact on reducing NOx emission by providing decision-makers with a preliminary understanding about the impacts of various energy efficiency programs on emissions reductions. To help decision makers, this study has addressed these issues by providing a general framework for examining how a community's non-renewable energy use leads to NOx emissions, by quantifying each end-user's energy usage and its associated NOx emissions, and by evaluating the environmental benefits of various types of energy saving options.

Nitrogen Oxides and Ozones from B-747 Measurements (NOXAR) during POLINAT 2 and SONEX: Overview and Case-Studies on Continental and Marine Convection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeker, Dominique; Pfister, Lenny; Brunner, Dominik; Boccippio, Dennis J.; Pickering, Kenneth E.; Thompson, Anne M.; Wernli, Heini; Selkirk, Rennie B.; Kondo, Yutaka; Koike, Matoke;

The high-resolution version of TM5-MP for optimized satellite retrievals: description and validation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Jason E.; Folkert Boersma, K.; Le Sager, Phillipe; Verstraeten, Willem W.

2017-02-01

We provide a comprehensive description of the high-resolution version of the TM5-MP global chemistry transport model, which is to be employed for deriving highly resolved vertical profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (CH2O), and sulfur dioxide (SO2) for use in satellite retrievals from platforms such as the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) and the Sentinel-5 Precursor, and the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (tropOMI). Comparing simulations conducted at horizontal resolutions of 3° × 2° and 1° × 1° reveals differences of ±20 % exist in the global seasonal distribution of 222Rn, being larger near specific coastal locations and tropical oceans. For tropospheric ozone (O3), analysis of the chemical budget terms shows that the impact on globally integrated photolysis rates is rather low, in spite of the higher spatial variability of meteorological data fields from ERA-Interim at 1° × 1°. Surface concentrations of O3 in high-NOx regions decrease between 5 and 10 % at 1° × 1° due to a reduction in NOx recycling terms and an increase in the associated titration term of O3 by NO. At 1° × 1°, the net global stratosphere-troposphere exchange of O3 decreases by ˜ 7 %, with an associated shift in the hemispheric gradient. By comparing NO, NO2, HNO3 and peroxy-acetyl-nitrate (PAN) profiles against measurement composites, we show that TM5-MP captures the vertical distribution of NOx and long-lived NOx reservoirs at background locations, again with modest changes at 1° × 1°. Comparing monthly mean distributions in lightning NOx and applying ERA-Interim convective mass fluxes, we show that the vertical re-distribution of lightning NOx changes with enhanced release of NOx in the upper troposphere. We show that surface mixing ratios in both NO and NO2 are generally underestimated in both low- and high-NOx scenarios. For Europe, a negative bias exists for [NO] at the surface across the whole domain, with lower biases at 1° × 1° at only ˜ 20 % of sites. For NO2, biases are more variable, with lower (higher) biases at 1° × 1° occurring at ˜ 35 % ( ˜ 20 %) of sites, with the remainder showing little change. For CH2O, the impact of higher resolution on the chemical budget terms is rather modest, with changes of less than 5 %. The simulated vertical distribution of CH2O agrees reasonably well with measurements in pristine locations, although column-integrated values are generally underestimated relative to satellite measurements in polluted regions. For SO2, the performance at 1° × 1° is principally governed by the quality of the emission inventory, with limited improvements in the site-specific biases, with most showing no significant improvement. For the vertical column, improvements near strong source regions occur which reduce the biases in the integrated column. For remote regions missing biogenic source terms are inferred.

40 CFR 76.5 - NOX emission limitations for Group 1 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.5 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the... 404(d) of the Act, the date the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emissions reduction requirements...

40 CFR 76.5 - NOX emission limitations for Group 1 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.5 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the... 404(d) of the Act, the date the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emissions reduction requirements...

40 CFR 76.5 - NOX emission limitations for Group 1 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.5 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the... 404(d) of the Act, the date the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emissions reduction requirements...

40 CFR 86.007-15 - NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 18 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false NOX and particulate averaging, trading... § 86.007-15 NOX and particulate averaging, trading, and banking for heavy-duty engines. Section 86.007... engines may participate in an NMHC averaging, banking and trading program to show compliance with the...

40 CFR 86.1862-04 - Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average NOX...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Control of Air Pollution From New and In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... NOX value achieved; and (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NOX value achieved. (2...

40 CFR 86.1862-04 - Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average NOX...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Control of Air Pollution From New and In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... NOX value achieved; and (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NOX value achieved. (2...

40 CFR 86.1862-04 - Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average NOX...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Control of Air Pollution From New and In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... NOX value achieved; and (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NOX value achieved. (2...

40 CFR 86.1862-04 - Maintenance of records and submittal of information relevant to compliance with fleet average NOX...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Control of Air Pollution From New and In-Use Light-Duty Vehicles, Light-Duty Trucks, and Complete Otto... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF... NOX value achieved; and (iv) All values used in calculating the fleet average NOX value achieved. (2...

Organic nitrate chemistry and its implications for nitrogen budgets in an isoprene- and monoterpene-rich atmosphere: constraints from aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations in the Southeast US

PubMed Central

Fisher, J. A.; Jacob, D. J.; Travis, K. R.; Kim, P. S.; Marais, E. A.; Miller, C. Chan; Yu, K.; Zhu, L.; Yantosca, R. M.; Sulprizio, M. P.; Mao, J.; Wennberg, P. O.; Crounse, J. D.; Teng, A. P.; Nguyen, T. B.; St. Clair, J. M.; Cohen, R. C.; Romer, P.; Nault, B. A.; Wooldridge, P. J.; Jimenez, J. L.; Campuzano-Jost, P.; Day, D. A.; Hu, W.; Shepson, P. B.; Xiong, F.; Blake, D. R.; Goldstein, A. H.; Misztal, P. K.; Hanisco, T. F.; Wolfe, G. M.; Ryerson, T. B.; Wisthaler, A.; Mikoviny, T.

2018-01-01

Formation of organic nitrates (RONO2) during oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs: isoprene, monoterpenes) is a significant loss pathway for atmospheric nitrogen oxide radicals (NOx), but the chemistry of RONO2 formation and degradation remains uncertain. Here we implement a new BVOC oxidation mechanism (including updated isoprene chemistry, new monoterpene chemistry, and particle uptake of RONO2) in the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model with ∼25 × 25 km2 resolution over North America. We evaluate the model using aircraft (SEAC4RS) and ground-based (SOAS) observations of NOx, BVOCs, and RONO2 from the Southeast US in summer 2013. The updated simulation successfully reproduces the concentrations of individual gas- and particle-phase RONO2 species measured during the campaigns. Gas-phase isoprene nitrates account for 25-50% of observed RONO2 in surface air, and we find that another 10% is contributed by gas-phase monoterpene nitrates. Observations in the free troposphere show an important contribution from long-lived nitrates derived from anthropogenic VOCs. During both campaigns, at least 10% of observed boundary layer RONO2 were in the particle phase. We find that aerosol uptake followed by hydrolysis to HNO3 accounts for 60% of simulated gas-phase RONO2 loss in the boundary layer. Other losses are 20% by photolysis to recycle NOx and 15% by dry deposition. RONO2 production accounts for 20% of the net regional NOx sink in the Southeast US in summer, limited by the spatial segregation between BVOC and NOx emissions. This segregation implies that RONO2 production will remain a minor sink for NOx in the Southeast US in the future even as NOx emissions continue to decline. PMID:29681921

Effectiveness of replacing catalytic converters in LPG-fueled vehicles in Hong Kong

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyu, Xiaopu; Guo, Hai; Simpson, Isobel J.; Meinardi, Simone; Louie, Peter K. K.; Ling, Zhenhao; Wang, Yu; Liu, Ming; Luk, Connie W. Y.; Wang, Nan; Blake, Donald R.

2016-05-01

Many taxis and public buses are powered by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Hong Kong. With more vehicles using LPG, they have become the major contributor to ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Hong Kong. An intervention program which aimed to reduce the emissions of VOCs and nitrogen oxides (NOx) from LPG-fueled vehicles was implemented by the Hong Kong government in September 2013. Long-term real-time measurements indicated that the program was remarkably effective in reducing LPG-related VOCs, NOx and nitric oxide (NO) in the atmosphere. Receptor modeling results further revealed that propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane and NO in LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust emissions decreased by 40.8 ± 0.1, 45.7 ± 0.2, 35.7 ± 0.1, 47.8 ± 0.1 and 88.6 ± 0.7 %, respectively, during the implementation of the program. In contrast, despite the reduction of VOCs and NOx, O3 following the program increased by 0.40 ± 0.03 ppbv (˜ 5.6 %). The LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust was generally destructive to OH and HO2. However, the destruction effect weakened for OH and it even turned to positive contribution to HO2 during the program. These changes led to the increases of OH, HO2 and HO2 / OH ratio, which might explain the positive O3 increment. Analysis of O3-VOCs-NOx sensitivity in ambient air indicated VOC-limited regimes in the O3 formation before and during the program. Moreover, a maximum reduction percentage of NOx (i.e., 69 %) and the lowest reduction ratio of VOCs / NOx (i.e., 1.1) in LPG-fueled vehicle exhaust were determined to give a zero O3 increment. The findings are of great help to future formulation and implementation of control strategies on vehicle emissions in Hong Kong, and could be extended to other regions in China and around the world.

High Pressure Low NOx Emissions Research: Recent Progress at NASA Glenn Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chi-Ming, Lee; Tacina, Kathleen M.; Wey, Changlie

2007-01-01

In collaboration with U.S. aircraft engine companies, NASA Glenn Research Center has contributed to the advancement of low emissions combustion systems. For the High Speed Research Program (HSR), a 90% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions (relative to the then-current state of the art) has been demonstrated in sector rig testing at General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE). For the Advanced Subsonic Technology Program (AST), a 50% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the 1996 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards has been at demonstrated in sector rigs at both GEAE and Pratt & Whitney (P&W). During the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program (UEET), a 70% reduction in NOx emissions, relative to the 1996 ICAO standards, was achieved in sector rig testing at Glenn in the world class Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) and at contractor facilities. Low NOx combustor development continues under the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. To achieve these reductions, experimental and analytical research has been conducted to advance the understanding of emissions formation in combustion processes. Lean direct injection (LDI) concept development uses advanced laser-based non-intrusive diagnostics and analytical work to complement the emissions measurements and to provide guidance for concept improvement. This paper describes emissions results from flametube tests of a 9- injection-point LDI fuel/air mixer tested at inlet pressures up to 5500 kPa. Sample results from CFD and laser diagnostics are also discussed.

NASA Glenn High Pressure Low NOx Emissions Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tacina, Kathleen M.; Wey, Changlie

2008-01-01

In collaboration with U.S. aircraft engine companies, NASA Glenn Research Center has contributed to the advancement of low emissions combustion systems. For the High Speed Research Program (HSR), a 90% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions (relative to the then-current state of the art) has been demonstrated in sector rig testing at General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE). For the Advanced Subsonic Technology Program (AST), a 50% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the 1996 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards has been demonstrated in sector rigs at both GEAE and Pratt & Whitney (P&W). During the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program (UEET), a 70% reduction in NOx emissions, relative to the 1996 ICAO standards, was achieved in sector rig testing at Glenn in the world class Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) and at contractor facilities. Low NOx combustor development continues under the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. To achieve these reductions, experimental and analytical research has been conducted to advance the understanding of emissions formation in combustion processes. Lean direct injection (LDI) concept development uses advanced laser-based non-intrusive diagnostics and analytical work to complement the emissions measurements and to provide guidance for concept improvement. This paper describes emissions results from flametube tests of a 9-injection-point LDI fuel/air mixer tested at inlet pressures up to 5500 kPa. Sample results from CFD and laser diagnostics are also discussed.

Clean Air Markets - Compliance Query Wizard

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Compliance Query Wizard is part of a suite of Clean Air Markets-related tools that are accessible at http://ampd.epa.gov/ampd/. The Compliance module provides final compliance results. Using the Compliance Query Wizard, the user can find compliance information associated with specific programs, facilities, states or time frames. Quick Reports and Prepackaged Datasets are also available for data that are commonly requested. Final compliance results are available for all years since 1995 for the Acid Rain Program and for the various NOx trading programs EPA has operated since 1999.EPA's Clean Air Markets Division (CAMD) includes several market-based regulatory programs designed to improve air quality and ecosystems. The most well-known of these programs are EPA's Acid Rain Program and the NOx Programs, which reduce emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx)-compounds that adversely affect air quality, the environment, and public health. CAMD also plays an integral role in the development and implementation of the Clean Air Interstate Rule (CAIR).

75 FR 33614 - Adequacy Status of the Submitted 2009 PM2.5

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-14

...In this notice, EPA is notifying the public that we have found that the motor vehicle emissions budgets for PM2.5 and NOX in the submitted attainment demonstration state implementation plans for the New Jersey portions of the New York- Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-CT, and Philadelphia-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE, PM2.5 nonattainment areas to be adequate for transportation conformity purposes. The transportation conformity rule (40 CFR part 93) requires that the EPA conduct a public process and make an affirmative decision on the adequacy of budgets before they can be used by metropolitan planning organizations in conformity determinations. As a result of our finding, two metropolitan planning organizations in New Jersey (the North Jersey Transportation Planning Authority and the Delaware Valley Regional Planning Commission) must use the new 2009 PM2.5 budgets for future transportation conformity determinations.

Low NO sub x heavy fuel combustor concept program phase 1A gas tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cutrone, M. B.; Beebe, K. W.; Cutrone, M. B.

1982-01-01

The emissions performance of a rich lean combustor (developed for liquid fuels) for combustion of simulated coal gases ranging in heating value from 167 to 244 Btu/scf were assessed. The 244 Btu/scf gas is typical of the product gas from an oxygen blown gasifier, while the 167 Btu/scf gas is similar to that from an air blown gasifier. Although meeting NOx goals for the 167 Btu/scf gas, NOx performance of the rich lean combustor did not meet program goals with the 244 Btu/scf gas because of high thermal NOx, similar to levels expected from conventional lean burning combustors. The NOx emissions are attributed to inadequate fuel air mixing in the rich stage resulting from the design of the large central fuel nozzle delivering 71% of the total gas flow. NOx generation from NH3 was significant at ammonia concentrations significantly less tha 0.5%. These levels occur depending on fuel gas cleanup system design, However, NOx yield from ammonia injected into the fuel gas decreased rapidly with increasing ammonia level, and is projected to be less than 10% at NH3 levels of 0.5% or higher.

40 CFR 76.5 - NOX emission limitations for Group 1 boilers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.5 NOX emission limitations..., the date on which the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emission reduction requirements for SO2, the... subject to section 404(d) of the Act, the date the unit is required to meet Acid Rain emissions reduction...

Reactive nitrogen partitioning and its relationship to winter ozone events in Utah

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wild, R. J.; Edwards, P. M.; Bates, T. S.; Cohen, R. C.; de Gouw, J. A.; Dubé, W. P.; Gilman, J. B.; Holloway, J.; Kercher, J.; Koss, A.; Lee, L.; Lerner, B.; McLaren, R.; Quinn, P. K.; Roberts, J. M.; Stutz, J.; Thornton, J. A.; Veres, P. R.; Warneke, C.; Williams, E.; Young, C. J.; Yuan, B.; Brown, S. S.

2015-08-01

High wintertime ozone levels have been observed in the Uintah Basin, Utah, a sparsely populated rural region with intensive oil and gas operations. The reactive nitrogen budget plays an important role in tropospheric ozone formation. Measurements were taken during three field campaigns in the winters of 2012, 2013, and 2014, which experienced varying climatic conditions. Average concentrations of ozone and total reactive nitrogen were observed to be 2.5 times higher in 2013 than 2012, with 2014 an intermediate year in most respects. However, photochemically active NOx(NO+NO2), remained remarkably similar all three years. Roughly half of the more oxidized forms of nitrogen were composed of nitric acid in 2013, with nighttime nitric acid formation through heterogeneous uptake of N2O5 contributing approximately 6 times more than daytime formation. The nighttime N2O5 lifetime between the high-ozone year 2013 and the low-ozone year 2012 is lower by a factor 2.6, and much of this is due to higher aerosol surface area in the high ozone year of 2013. A box-model simulation supports the importance of nighttime chemistry on the reactive nitrogen budget, showing a large sensitivity of NOx and ozone concentrations to nighttime processes.

40 CFR 76.12 - Phase I NOX compliance extension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.12 Phase I NOX compliance extension. (a... outage. (iii) Fuel and energy balance summaries and power and other consumption requirements (including...

40 CFR 76.12 - Phase I NOX compliance extension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.12 Phase I NOX compliance extension. (a... outage. (iii) Fuel and energy balance summaries and power and other consumption requirements (including...

40 CFR 76.12 - Phase I NOX compliance extension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.12 Phase I NOX compliance extension. (a... outage. (iii) Fuel and energy balance summaries and power and other consumption requirements (including...

40 CFR 76.12 - Phase I NOX compliance extension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.12 Phase I NOX compliance extension. (a... outage. (iii) Fuel and energy balance summaries and power and other consumption requirements (including...

40 CFR 76.12 - Phase I NOX compliance extension.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) ACID RAIN NITROGEN OXIDES EMISSION REDUCTION PROGRAM § 76.12 Phase I NOX compliance extension. (a... outage. (iii) Fuel and energy balance summaries and power and other consumption requirements (including...

Using satellite data to guide emission control strategies for surface ozone pollution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jin, X.; Fiore, A. M.

2017-12-01

Surface ozone (O3) has adverse effects on public health, agriculture and ecosystems. As a secondary pollutant, ozone is not emitted directly. Ozone forms from two classes of precursors: NOx and VOCs. We use satellite observations of formaldehyde (a marker of VOCs) and NO2 (a marker of NOx) to identify areas which would benefit more from reducing NOx emissions (NOx-limited) versus areas where reducing VOC emissions would lead to lower ozone (VOC-limited). We use a global chemical transport model (GEOS-Chem) to develop a set of threshold values that separate the NOx-limited and VOC-limited conditions. Combining these threshold values with a decadal record of satellite observations, we find that U.S. cities (e.g. New York, Chicago) have shifted from VOC-limited to NOx-limited ozone production regimes in the warm season. This transition reflects the NOx emission controls implemented over the past decade. Increasing NOx sensitivity implies that regional NOx emission control programs will improve O3 air quality more now than it would have a decade ago.

A Probabilistic Assessment of NASA Ultra-Efficient Engine Technologies for a Large Subsonic Transport

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tong, Michael T.; Jones, Scott M.; Arcara, Philip C., Jr.; Haller, William J.

2004-01-01

NASA's Ultra Efficient Engine Technology (UEET) program features advanced aeropropulsion technologies that include highly loaded turbomachinery, an advanced low-NOx combustor, high-temperature materials, intelligent propulsion controls, aspirated seal technology, and an advanced computational fluid dynamics (CFD) design tool to help reduce airplane drag. A probabilistic system assessment is performed to evaluate the impact of these technologies on aircraft fuel burn and NOx reductions. A 300-passenger aircraft, with two 396-kN thrust (85,000-pound) engines is chosen for the study. The results show that a large subsonic aircraft equipped with the UEET technologies has a very high probability of meeting the UEET Program goals for fuel-burn (or equivalent CO2) reduction (15% from the baseline) and LTO (landing and takeoff) NOx reductions (70% relative to the 1996 International Civil Aviation Organization rule). These results are used to provide guidance for developing a robust UEET technology portfolio, and to prioritize the most promising technologies required to achieve UEET program goals for the fuel-burn and NOx reductions.

Wide range operation of advanced low NOx combustors for supersonic high-altitude aircraft gas turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Roberts, P. B.; Fiorito, R. J.

1977-01-01

An initial rig program tested the Jet Induced Circulation (JIC) and Vortex Air Blast (VAB) systems in small can combustor configurations for NOx emissions at a simulated high altitude, supersonic cruise condition. The VAB combustor demonstrated the capability of meeting the NOx goal of 1.0 g NO2/kg fuel at the cruise condition. In addition, the program served to demonstrate the limited low-emissions range available from the lean, premixed combustor. A follow-on effort was concerned with the problem of operating these lean, premixed combustors with acceptable emissions at simulated engine idle conditions. Various techniques have been demonstrated that allow satisfactory operation on both the JIC and VAB combustors at idle with CO emissions below 20 g/kg fuel. The VAB combustor was limited by flashback/autoignition phenomena at the cruise conditions to a pressure of 8 atmospheres. The JIC combustor was operated up to the full design cruise pressure of 14 atmospheres without encountering an autoignition limitation although the NOx levels, in the 2-3 g NO2/kg fuel range, exceeded the program goal.

28 CFR 70.25 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 70... Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the financial expression of the project or... from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and program plan revisions, in...

24 CFR 84.25 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Revision of budget and program... and Program Management § 84.25 Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the... required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and...

45 CFR 2543.25 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 2543.25... Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the financial expression of the project or... deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and program plan revisions...

40 CFR 86.1861-04 - How do the Tier 2 and interim non-Tier 2 NOX averaging, banking and trading programs work?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 2 NOX averaging, banking and trading programs work? 86.1861-04 Section 86.1861-04 Protection of... work? (a) General provisions for Tier 2 credits and debits. (1) A manufacturer whose Tier 2 fleet... to a full useful life of 100,000 miles, provided that the credits are prorated by a multiplicative...

Low NO(x) potential of gas turbine engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tacina, Robert R.

1990-01-01

The purpose is to correlate emission levels of gas turbine engines. The predictions of NO(x) emissions are based on a review of the literature of previous low NO(x) combustor programs and analytical chemical kinetic calculations. Concepts included in the literature review consisted of lean-premixed-prevaporized (LPP), rich burn/quick quench/lean burn (RQL), and direct injection. The NO(x) emissions were found to be an exponential function of adiabatic combustion temperature over a wide range of inlet temperatures, pressures and (lean) fuel-air ratios. A simple correlation of NO(x) formation with time was not found. The LPP and direct injection (using gaseous fuels) concepts have the lowest NO(x) emissions of the three concepts. The RQL data has higher values of NO(x) than the LPP concept, probably due to the stoichiometric temperatures and NO(x) production that occur during the quench step. Improvements in the quick quench step could reduce the NO(x) emissions to the LPP levels. The low NO(x) potential of LPP is offset by the operational disadvantages of its narrow stability limits and its susceptibility to autoignition/flashback. The Rich-Burn/Quick-Quench/Lean-Burn (RQL) and the direct injection concepts have the advantage of wider stability limits comparable to conventional combustors.

Tropospheric Trace Gas Interactions with Aerosols

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Penner, Joyce E.; Maddrea, George L., Jr. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Tropospheric aerosols are of considerable environmental importance. They modify the radiative budget of Earth by scattering and absorbing radiation, and by providing nuclei for cloud formation. Additionally, they provide surfaces for heterogeneous and multiphase reactions that affect tropospheric chemistry. For example, Dentener and Crutzen (1993) showed that reactions of N2O5 and NO3 with sulfate aerosols may significantly alter the tropospheric concentrations of NO(x), O3, and OH by converting NOx to HNO3 which is rapidly removed by precipitation. Zhang et al. (1994) assumed these same reactions would occur on dust aerosols and showed that dust outbreaks may reduce NO(x) levels by up to 50%. Dentener et al. (1996) studied the possible effect of reactions on dust on sulfate, nitrate, and O3 concentration. Heterogeneous and multiphase reactions on aerosols may also perturb the sulfur cycle the chlorine cycle and the bromine cycle. Because these reactions can release free chlorine and free bromine they might lead to the destruction of ozone in the marine boundary layer that may be important to include in models of tropospheric chemistry. The goal of our proposed work is to examine the role of heterogeneous and multiphase reactions in the tropospheric cycles of reactive nitrogen and sulfur.

Measurements of total OH reactivity at the PROPHET site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rickly, Pamela; Sakowski, Joseph; Bottorff, Brandon; Lew, Michelle; Stevens, Philip; Sklaveniti, Sofia; Léonardis, Thierry; Locoge, Nadine; Dusanter, Sébastien

2017-04-01

As the main oxidant in the daytime atmosphere, the hydroxyl radical (OH) initiates the oxidation of organic trace gases and the formation of pollutants such as ozone and secondary organic aerosols. Understanding both the sources and sinks of OH is therefore important to address issues related to air quality and climate change. Total OH reactivity measurements have proved to be of interest to investigate the OH budget and have highlighted an incomplete understanding of OH sinks in forested environments, which are characterized by high concentrations of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and their oxidation products. A research facility located in a Michigan forest, US, has hosted several campaigns of OH reactivity measurements over the last 15 years through the PROPHET (Program for Research on Oxidants: Photochemistry, Emission and Transport) program. This site is characterized by deciduous trees emitting isoprene and other BVOCs and a low impact of anthropogenic emissions. Measurements of OH reactivity were performed during PROPHET 1998 and CABINEX 2009. More recently, OH reactivity was measured during the PROPHET 2016 - AMOS (Atmospheric Measurements of Oxidants in summer) field campaign using the Comparative Reactivity Method (CRM) and the Total OH Loss Rate Method (TOHLM). In this presentation, we will show that the two measurement techniques agree within uncertainties, giving confidence in the measured OH reactivity. In addition, concomitant measurements of trace gases (VOCs, NOx, O3) made by online and offline instruments were used to perform a comprehensive apportionment of OH sinks. We will provide insights into the OH reactivity budget and will show how it compares to the previous abovementioned studies.

Relationship of peroxyacetyl nitrate to active and total odd nitrogen at northern high latitudes: influence of reservoir species on NOx and O3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Singh, H. B.; Herlth, D.; O'Hara, D.; Zahnle, K.; Bradshaw, J. D.; Sandholm, S. T.; Talbot, R.; Crutzen, P. J.; Kanakidou, M.

1992-01-01

Measurements of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN), NO, NO2, HNO3, NOy (total odd nitrogen), and O3 were made in the high-latitude troposphere over North America and Greenland (35 degrees to 82 degrees N) during the Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A) (July-August 1988) throughout 0-to 6-km altitudes. These data are analyzed to quantitatively describe the relationships between various odd nitrogen species and assess their significance to global tropospheric chemistry. In the free troposphere, PAN was as much as 25 times more abundant than NOx. PAN to NOx ratio increased with increasing altitude and latitude. PAN was found to be the single most abundant reactive nitrogen species in the free troposphere and constituted a major fraction of NOy, PAN to NOy ratios were about 0.1 in the boundary layer and increased to 0.4 in the free troposphere. A 2-D global photochemical model with C1-C3 hydrocarbon chemistry is used to compare model predictions with measured results. A sizable portion (approximately 50%) of the gaseous reactive nitrogen budget is unaccounted for, and unknown organic nitrates and pernitrates are expected to be present. Model calculations (August 1, 70 degrees N) show that a major fraction of the observed NOx (50 to 70% of median) may find its source in the available PAN reservoir. PAN and the unknown reservoir species may have the potential to control virtually the entire NOx availability of the high latitude troposphere. It is predicted that the summer NOx and O3 mixing ratios in the Arctic/sub-Arctic troposphere would be considerably lower in the absence of the ubiquitous PAN reservoir. Conversely, this PAN reservoir may be responsible for the observed temporal increase in tropospheric O3 at high latitudes.

Origin of Ozone NO(x) in the Tropical Troposphere: A Photochemical Analysis of Aircraft Observations Over the South Atlantic Basin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jacob, D. J.; Heikes, B. G.; Fan, S.-M.; Logan, J. A.; Mauzerall, D. L.; Bradshaw, J. D.; Singh, H. B.; Gregory, G. L.; Talbot, R. W.; Blake, D. R.;

In-situ NO and NO2 profiles measured onboard passenger aircraft over Frankfurt airport in Germany

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkes, Florian; Houben, Norbert; Blomel, Torben; Tappertzhofen, Marlon; Volz-Thomas, Andreas; Petzold, Andreas

2017-04-01

NOx (sum of NO and NO2) play a central role in atmospheric chemistry related to ozone and oxidation capacity (OH and NO3 radicals). The most important sources of NOx in the upper troposphere are lightning, and transport from the boundary layer (combustion processes, from biomass burning, agriculture, and industry/transport/aircraft emissions). In-situ measurements of NOx from the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) down to the surface are rare, but important for understanding the local photochemistry and for the assessment of the impact of aviation on the budgets of greenhouse gases such as ozone. The European Research Infrastructure IAGOS (In-service Aircraft for a Global Observing System) operates a global-scale monitoring system for atmospheric temperature, trace gases, aerosols and clouds at high spatial resolution by passenger aircraft. The IAGOS NOx instrument is designed for the autonomous measurement of nitrogen oxides over serval months. The measurement principle is based on the well-established chemiluminescence technique, using one channel with sequential measurements of NO and NOx every 50 s. Here, we present vertical profiles of nitrogen oxides from the UTLS down to the surface for day and night time conditions obtained over 12 months in 2015 and 2016. The analysis focuses mainly on Europe, the region with the largest amount of profiles. Other regions (North America, South America and East Asia) will also be discussed. Typically, NO and NO2 varies in the low ppt range in the UT, slightly increasing towards the pressure altitude of 200 hPa. Down to the surface, the values of NO and of NO2 increase up to several ppb. These profiles combined with in-situ water vapor and cloud parameters will be valuable for validation of model and of satellite data in the future.

40 CFR 60.4120 - General Hg budget trading program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false General Hg budget trading program... budget trading program permit requirements. (a) For each Hg Budget source required to have a title V... source covered by the Hg Budget permit, all applicable Hg Budget Trading Program requirements and shall...

14 CFR 1260.125 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 1260....125 Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the financial expression of the... required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for budget and...

An overview of MAP/GLOBUS NO(x)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pommereau, J. P.

1989-01-01

GLOBUS NO(x) is a combined observation of nitrogen compounds by more than 20 experiments, from satellites, remote and in situ instruments on board balloons and ground observatories, within a short time period. Held in September 1985 above Southern France, the field campaign has been a technical success. Most of the observations were achieved as anticipated. NO, NO2 and relevant species and physical parameters involved in their photochemistry, were measured between 5 and 40 km at several periods of the day. A first step of data interpretation which consists of instrumental intercomparisons, is now achieved. Several systematic biases between data of various origins which have appeared in the past, are now understood and reduced. A second step which deals with atmospheric photochemistry issues like diurnal cycles and budget, is now on its way. It will be the object of a close exchange between experimenters involved in the campaign and modelers.

Sustained Low Temperature NOx Reduction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zha, Yuhui

Increasing regulatory, environmental, and customer pressure in recent years led to substantial improvements in the fuel efficiency of diesel engines, including the remarkable breakthroughs demonstrated through the Super Truck program supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). On the other hand, these improvements have translated into a reduction of exhaust gas temperatures, thus further complicating the task of controlling NOx emissions, especially in low power duty cycles. The need for improved NOx conversion over these low temperature duty cycles is also observed as requirements tighten with in-use emissions testing. Sustained NOx reduction at low temperatures, especially in the 150-200oCmore » range, shares some similarities with the more commonly discussed cold-start challenge, however poses a number of additional and distinct technical problems. In this project we set a bold target of achieving and maintaining a 90% NOx conversion at the SCR catalyst inlet temperature of 150oC. The project is intended to push the boundaries of the existing technologies, while staying within the realm of realistic future practical implementation. In order to meet the resulting challenges at the levels of catalyst fundamentals, system components, and system integration, Cummins has partnered with the DOE, Johnson Matthey, and Pacific Northwest National Lab and initiated the Sustained Low-Temperature NOx Reduction program at the beginning of 2015. Through this collaboration, we are exploring catalyst formulations and catalyst architectures with enhanced catalytic activity at 150°C; opportunities to approach the desirable ratio of NO and NO2 in the SCR feed gas; options for robust low-temperature reductant delivery; and the requirements for overall system integration. The program is expected to deliver an on-engine demonstration of the technical solution and an assessment of its commercial potential. In the SAE meeting, we will share the initial performance data on engine to highlight the path to achieve 90% NOx conversion at the SCR inlet temperature of 150oC.« less

Discovery of Novel NOx Catalysts for CIDI Applications by High-throughput Methods

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blint, Richard J.

DOE project DE-PS26-00NT40758 has developed very active, lean exhaust, NOx reduction catalysts that have been tested on the discovery system, laboratory reactors and engine dynamometer systems. The goal of this project is the development of effective, affordable NOx reduction catalysts for lean combustion engines in the US light duty vehicle market which can meet Tier II emission standards with hydrocarbons based reductants for reducing NOx. General Motors (prime contractor) along with subcontractors BASF (Engelhard) (a catalytic converter developer) and ACCELRYS (an informatics supplier) carried out this project which began in August of 2002. BASF (Engelhard) has run over 16,000 testsmore » of 6100 possible catalytic materials on a high throughput discovery system suitable for automotive catalytic materials. Accelrys developed a new database informatics system which allowed material tracking and data mining. A program catalyst was identified and evaluated at all levels of the program. Dynamometer evaluations of the program catalyst both with and without additives show 92% NOx conversions on the HWFET, 76% on the US06, 60% on the cold FTP and 65% on the Set 13 heavy duty test using diesel fuel. Conversions of over 92% on the heavy duty FTP using ethanol as a second fluid reductant have been measured. These can be competitive with both of the alternative lean NOx reduction technologies presently in the market. Conversions of about 80% were measured on the EUDC for lean gasoline applications without using active dosing to adjust the C:N ratio for optimum NOx reduction at all points in the certification cycle. A feasibility analysis has been completed and demonstrates the advantages and disadvantages of the technology using these materials compared with other potential technologies. The teaming agreements among the partners contain no obstacles to commercialization of new technologies to any potential catalyst customers.« less

Emissions and transport of NOx over East Asia diagnosed by satellite and in-situ observations and chemical transport model results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, H.; Kim, S.; Brioude, J.; Cooper, O. R.; Frost, G. J.; Trainer, M.; Kim, C.

2012-12-01

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) columns observed from space have been useful in detecting the increase of NOx emissions over East Asia in accordance with rapid growth in its economy. In addition to emissions, transport can be an important factor to determine the observed satellite NO2 columns in this region. Satellite tropospheric NO2 columns showed maximum in winter and minimum in summer over the high emission areas in China, as lifetime of NO2 decreases with increase of sunlight. However, secondary peaks in the satellite NO2 columns were found in spring in both Korea and Japan, which may be influenced by transport of NOx within East Asia. Surface in-situ observations confirm the findings from the satellite measurements. The large-scale distribution of satellite NO2 columns over East Asia and the Pacific Ocean showed that the locations of NO2 column maxima coincided with wind convergence zones that change with seasons. In spring, the convergence zone is located over 30-40°N, leading to the most efficient transport of the emissions from southern China to downwind areas including Korea, Japan, and western coastal regions of the United States. We employed a Lagrangian particle dispersion model to identify the sources of the observed springtime maximum NO2. In order to understand chemical processing during the transport and quantify the roles of emissions and transport in local NOx budgets, we will also present the results from a regional chemical transport model.

Low NOx heavy fuel combustor concept program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, D. J.; Lecren, R. T.; Batakis, A. P.

1981-01-01

A total of twelve low NOx combustor configurations, embodying three different combustion concepts, were designed and fabricated as modular units. These configurations were evaluated experimentally for exhaust emission levels and for mechanical integrity. Emissions data were obtained in depth on two of the configurations.

Organic Nitrate Chemistry and Its Implications for Nitrogen Budgets in an Isoprene- and Monoterpene-Rich Atmosphere: Constraints From Aircraft (SEAC4RS) and Ground-Based (SOAS) Observations in the Southeast US

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, Jenny; Jacob, D. J.; Travis, K. R.; Kim, P. S.; Marais, E. A.; Miller, C. Chan; Yu, K.; Zhu, L.; Yantosca, R. M.; Sulprizio, M. P.;

Protocatechuic Aldehyde Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury by Suppressing Nox-Mediated Oxidative Stress and Renal Inflammation

PubMed Central

Gao, Li; Wu, Wei-Feng; Dong, Lei; Ren, Gui-Ling; Li, Hai-Di; Yang, Qin; Li, Xiao-Feng; Xu, Tao; Li, Zeng; Wu, Bao-Ming; Ma, Tao-Tao; Huang, Cheng; Huang, Yan; Zhang, Lei; Lv, Xiongwen; Li, Jun; Meng, Xiao-Ming

2016-01-01

Cisplatin is a classic chemotherapeutic agent widely used to treat different types of cancers including ovarian, head and neck, testicular and uterine cervical carcinomas. However, cisplatin induces acute kidney injury by directly triggering an excessive inflammatory response, oxidative stress, and programmed cell death of renal tubular epithelial cells, all of which lead to high mortality rates in patients. In this study, we examined the protective effect of protocatechuic aldehyde (PA) in vitro in cisplatin-treated tubular epithelial cells and in vivo in cisplatin nephropathy. PA is a monomer of Traditional Chinese Medicine isolated from the root of S. miltiorrhiza (Lamiaceae). Results show that PA prevented cisplatin-induced decline of renal function and histological damage, which was confirmed by attenuation of KIM1 in both mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, PA reduced renal inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress and programmed cell death in response to cisplatin, which was further evidenced by in vitro data. Of note, PA suppressed NAPDH oxidases, including Nox2 and Nox4, in a dosage-dependent manner. Moreover, silencing Nox4, but not Nox2, removed the inhibitory effect of PA on cisplatin-induced renal injury, indicating that Nox4 may play a pivotal role in mediating the protective effect of PA in cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury. Collectively, our data indicate that PA blocks cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by suppressing Nox-mediated oxidative stress and renal inflammation without compromising anti-tumor activity of cisplatin. These findings suggest that PA and its derivatives may serve as potential protective agents for cancer patients receiving cisplatin treatment. PMID:27999546

Explaining a Consistent Morning NOx Maximum in the Clean Air Forest Boundary Layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shepson, P. B.; Alaghmand, M.; Bertman, S. B.; Carroll, M.; Edburg, S. L.; Jobson, B. T.; Keutsch, F. N.; Lamb, B. K.; Starn, T.; Stevens, P. S.; Wallace, W.; Zhou, X.

2010-12-01

Measurements of nitrogen oxides (NOx) at continental surface sites have frequently revealed the presence of an early morning maximum in the NOx concentration. While this observation has most often been interpreted as the result of downward mixing associated with breakup of the nocturnal inversion, the morning NOx peak often occurs earlier than the NBL breakup. Given the importance of NOx to boundary layer photochemistry near forested environments, it is essential that this phenomenon be well understood. Here we examine a variety of measurements, including NOx measurements at various heights, during the 1998, 2001, 2008, and 2009 (CABINEX) summer intensives of the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions and Transport (PROPHET), at the University of Michigan Biological Station in Northern Michigan. We will discuss the results, in terms of the extent to which the observations support/refute each of the potential drivers of the morning NOx peak: 1) downward mixing, 2) photochemistry on the various surfaces present, 3) soil emissions, and 4) local and long range transport of anthropogenic NOx, and we will report on our conclusions as to the predominant/likely explanation(s) for this phenomenon.

34 CFR 74.25 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 74.25 Section 74... Requirements Financial and Program Management § 74.25 Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan...) Recipients are required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for...

MOVES2014: Heavy-duty Vehicle Emissions Report

EPA Science Inventory

This report updates MOVES methods for evaluating current HD diesel NOx emission rates based on comparisons to independent data from EPA’s IUVP and Houston drayage programs. The report also details methods/assumptions made for HD gasoline HC, CO and NOx emission rates using reduct...

Small Engine Technology (SET) - Task 4, Regional Turboprop/Turbofan Engine Advanced Combustor Study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reynolds, Robert; Srinivasan, Ram; Myers, Geoffrey; Cardenas, Manuel; Penko, Paul F. (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

Under the SET Program Task 4 - Regional Turboprop/Turbofan Engine Advanced Combustor Study, a total of ten low-emissions combustion system concepts were evaluated analytically for three different gas turbine engine geometries and three different levels of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) reduction technology, using an existing AlliedSignal three-dimensional (3-D) Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code to predict Landing and Takeoff (LTO) engine cycle emission values. A list of potential Barrier Technologies to the successful implementation of these low-NOx combustor designs was created and assessed. A trade study was performed that ranked each of the ten study configurations on the basis of a number of manufacturing and durability factors, in addition to emissions levels. The results of the trade study identified three basic NOx-emissions reduction concepts that could be incorporated in proposed follow-on combustor technology development programs aimed at demonstrating low-NOx combustor hardware. These concepts are: high-flow swirlers and primary orifices, fuel-preparation cans, and double-dome swirlers.

Molecular mechanisms of hypertension: role of Nox family NADPH oxidases.

PubMed

Sedeek, Mona; Hébert, Richard L; Kennedy, Chris R; Burns, Kevin D; Touyz, Rhian M

2009-03-01

Molecular mechanisms contributing to the pathoetiology of hypertension are complex, involving many interacting systems such as signaling through G protein-coupled receptors, the renin-angiotensin system, vascular inflammation and remodeling, vascular senescence and aging and developmental programming, as highlighted in the current issue of the journal. Common to these systems is NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS). This editorial highlights current concepts relating to the production of ROS in hypertension and focuses on the Nox family NADPH oxidases, major sources of free radicals in the cardiovascular and renal systems. ROS play a major role as intracellular signaling molecules to regulate normal biological cellular responses. In pathological conditions, loss of redox homeostasis contributes to vascular oxidative damage. Recent evidence indicates that specific enzymes, the Nox family of NADPH oxidases, have the sole function of generating ROS in a highly regulated fashion in physiological conditions, and that in disease states, hyperactivation of Noxes contributes to oxidative stress and consequent cardiovascular and renal injury. The Nox family comprises seven members, Nox1-Nox7. Nox1, Nox2 (gp91phox-containing NADPH oxidase), Nox4 and Nox5 have been identified in the cardiovascular-renal systems and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular and renal disease. Noxes, which are differentially regulated in hypertension, are major sources of cardiovascular and renal oxidative stress. This has evoked considerable interest because of the possibilities that therapies targeted against specific Nox isoforms to decrease ROS generation or to increase nitric oxide availability or both may be useful in minimizing vascular injury and renal dysfunction, and thereby prevent or regress target organ damage associated with hypertension.

2 CFR 215.25 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 2 Grants and Agreements 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 215.25 Section 215.25 Grants and Agreements OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET CIRCULARS AND GUIDANCE Reserved... Program Management § 215.25 Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the financial...

A Computerized Three-Dimensional Program Budget and Its Implementation at Cambridge School Department.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wong, S. Godwin

This report describes the APL (Accountable unit, Program, and line item) budget system, a computerized three-dimensional program budget system that has been implemented in the Cambridge (Massachusetts) School Department. Various chapters discuss the differences between traditional budgeting and program budgeting, present an overview of te APL…

Alternative control techniques document: NOx emissions from industrial/commercial/institutional (ICI) boilers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1994-03-01

Industrial, commercial, and institutional (ICI) boilers have been identified as a category that emits more than 25 tons of oxides of nitrogen (NOx) per year. This alternative control techniques (ACT) document provides technical information for use by State and local agencies to develop and implement regulatory programs to control NOx emissions from ICI boilers. Additional ACT documents are being developed for other stationary source categories. Chapter 2 summarizes the findings of this study. Chapter 3 presents information on the ICI boiler types, fuels, operation, and industry applications. Chapter 4 discusses NOx formation and uncontrolled NOx emission factors. Chapter 5 coversmore » alternative control techniques and achievable controlled emission levels. Chapter 6 presents the cost and cost effectiveness of each control technique. Chapter 7 describes environmental and energy impacts associated with implementing the NOx control techniques. Finally, Appendices A through G provide the detailed data used in this study to evaluate uncontrolled and controlled emissions and the costs of controls for several retrofit scenarios.« less

The Morning NO x maximum in the forest atmosphere boundary layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alaghmand, M.; Shepson, P. B.; Starn, T. K.; Jobson, B. T.; Wallace, H. W.; Carroll, M. A.; Bertman, S. B.; Lamb, B.; Edburg, S. L.; Zhou, X.; Apel, E.; Riemer, D.; Stevens, P.; Keutsch, F.

2011-10-01

During the 1998, 2000, 2001, 2008, and 2009 summer intensives of the Program for Research on Oxidants: PHotochemistry, Emissions and Transport (PROPHET), ambient measurement of nitrogen oxides (NO + NO2 = NOx) were conducted. NO and NOx mole fractions displayed a diurnal pattern with NOx frequently highest in early morning. This pattern has often been observed in other rural areas. In this paper, we discuss the potential sources and contributing factors of the frequently observed morning pulse of NOx. Of the possible potential contributing factors to the observed morning pulse of NO and NOx, we find that surface-layer transport and slow upward mixing from soil emissions, related to the thermodynamic stability in the nocturnal boundary layer (NBL) before its morning breakup are the largest contributors. The morning NOx peak can significantly impact boundary layer chemistry, e.g. through production of HONO on surfaces, and by increasing the importance of NO3 chemistry in the morning boundary layer.

ROS-induced ROS release orchestrated by Nox4, Nox2, and mitochondria in VEGF signaling and angiogenesis.

PubMed

Kim, Young-Mee; Kim, Seok-Jo; Tatsunami, Ryosuke; Yamamura, Hisao; Fukai, Tohru; Ushio-Fukai, Masuko

2017-06-01

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) derived from NADPH oxidase (NOX) and mitochondria play a critical role in growth factor-induced switch from a quiescent to an angiogenic phenotype in endothelial cells (ECs). However, how highly diffusible ROS produced from different sources can coordinate to stimulate VEGF signaling and drive the angiogenic process remains unknown. Using the cytosol- and mitochondria-targeted redox-sensitive RoGFP biosensors with real-time imaging, here we show that VEGF stimulation in human ECs rapidly increases cytosolic RoGFP oxidation within 1 min, followed by mitochondrial RoGFP oxidation within 5 min, which continues at least for 60 min. Silencing of Nox4 or Nox2 or overexpression of mitochondria-targeted catalase significantly inhibits VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of VEGF receptor type 2 (VEGFR2-pY), EC migration and proliferation at the similar extent. Exogenous hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or overexpression of Nox4, which produces H 2 O 2 , increases mitochondrial ROS (mtROS), which is prevented by Nox2 siRNA, suggesting that Nox2 senses Nox4-derived H 2 O 2 to promote mtROS production. Mechanistically, H 2 O 2 increases S36 phosphorylation of p66Shc, a key mtROS regulator, which is inhibited by siNox2, but not by siNox4. Moreover, Nox2 or Nox4 knockdown or overexpression of S36 phosphorylation-defective mutant p66Shc(S36A) inhibits VEGF-induced mtROS, VEGFR2-pY, EC migration, and proliferation. In summary, Nox4-derived H 2 O 2 in part activates Nox2 to increase mtROS via pSer36-p66Shc, thereby enhancing VEGFR2 signaling and angiogenesis in ECs. This may represent a novel feed-forward mechanism of ROS-induced ROS release orchestrated by the Nox4/Nox2/pSer36-p66Shc/mtROS axis, which drives sustained activation of angiogenesis signaling program. Copyright © 2017 the American Physiological Society.

40 CFR 52.326 - Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions. 52.326 Section 52.326 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Colorado § 52.326 Area-wide nitrogen...

40 CFR 52.326 - Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions. 52.326 Section 52.326 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Colorado § 52.326 Area-wide nitrogen...

40 CFR 52.326 - Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions. 52.326 Section 52.326 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Colorado § 52.326 Area-wide nitrogen...

40 CFR 52.326 - Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions. 52.326 Section 52.326 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Colorado § 52.326 Area-wide nitrogen...

40 CFR 52.326 - Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Area-wide nitrogen oxides (NOX) exemptions. 52.326 Section 52.326 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Colorado § 52.326 Area-wide nitrogen...

75 FR 36654 - Final Notice of Data Availability Concerning 2010 CAIR NOX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9168-6] Final Notice of Data Availability Concerning 2010 CAIR NOX Ozone Season Trading Program New Unit Set-Aside Allowance Allocations Under the Clean Air... INFORMATION CONTACT: Questions concerning this action should be addressed to Robert L. Miller, U.S...

TEST DESIGN FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION (ETV) OF ADD-ON NOX CONTROL UTILIZING OZONE INJECTION

EPA Science Inventory

The paper discusses the test design for environmental technology verification (ETV) of add-0n nitrogen oxides (NOx) control utilizing ozone injection. (NOTE: ETV is an EPA-established program to enhance domestic and international market acceptance of new or improved commercially...

40 CFR 75.4 - Compliance dates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... volumetric flow rate required under this part (or under the applicable State or Federal mass emissions... applicable on the deadlines specified in the applicable State or federal NOX mass emission reduction program... required by this part for monitoring SO2, NOX, CO2, opacity, moisture and volumetric flow are installed and...

40 CFR 60.44b - Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX). 60.44b Section 60.44b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... technological system of emission reduction applied when demonstrating compliance under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of...

40 CFR 60.44b - Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX). 60.44b Section 60.44b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... technological system of emission reduction applied when demonstrating compliance under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of...

40 CFR 60.44b - Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX). 60.44b Section 60.44b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... technological system of emission reduction applied when demonstrating compliance under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of...

40 CFR 60.44b - Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX). 60.44b Section 60.44b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... technological system of emission reduction applied when demonstrating compliance under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of...

40 CFR 60.44b - Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 7 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard for nitrogen oxides (NOX). 60.44b Section 60.44b Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS... technological system of emission reduction applied when demonstrating compliance under paragraph (f)(1)(i) of...

20 CFR 653.112 - State agency program budget plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false State agency program budget plans. 653.112... State agency program budget plans. (a) Each State agency, in its annual program budget plan, shall... and Budget under control number 1205-0039) (Pub. L. No. 96-511, 94 Stat. 2812 (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq...

43 CFR 12.925 - Revision of budget and program plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Revision of budget and program plans. 12... Organizations Post-Award Requirements § 12.925 Revision of budget and program plans. (a) The budget plan is the...) Recipients are required to report deviations from budget and program plans, and request prior approvals for...

Effects of retrofitting emission control systems on in-use heavy diesel vehicles.

PubMed

Millstein, Dev E; Harley, Robert A

2010-07-01

Diesel engines are now the largest source of nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) and fine particulate black carbon (soot) emissions in California. The California Air Resources Board recently adopted a rule requiring that by 2014 all in-use heavy trucks and buses meet current (2007) exhaust particulate matter (PM) emission standards. Also by 2023 all in-use heavy-duty vehicles will have to meet current NO(x) emission standards, with significant progress in achieving the requirements for NO(x) control expected by 2014. This will require retrofit or replacement of older in-use engines. Diesel particle filters (DPF) reduce PM emissions but may increase the NO(2)/NO(x) emission ratio to approximately 35%, compared to approximately 5% typical of diesel engines without particle filters. Additionally, DPF with high oxidative capacity reduce CO and hydrocarbon emissions. We evaluate the effects of retrofitting trucks with DPF on air quality in southern California, using an Eulerian photochemical air quality model. Compared to a 2014 reference scenario without the retrofit program, black carbon concentrations decreased by 12 +/- 2% and 14 +/- 2% during summer and fall, respectively, with corresponding increases in ambient ozone concentrations of 3 +/- 2% and 7 +/- 3%. NO(2) concentrations decreased by 2-4% overall despite the increase in primary NO(2) emissions because total NO(x) emissions were reduced as part of the program to retrofit NO(x) control systems on in-use engines. However, in some cases NO(2) concentrations may increase at locations with high diesel truck traffic.

Using air quality modeling to study source-receptor relationships between nitrogen oxides emissions and ozone exposures over the United States.

PubMed

Tong, Daniel Q; Muller, Nicholas Z; Kan, Haidong; Mendelsohn, Robert O

2009-11-01

Human exposure to ambient ozone (O(3)) has been linked to a variety of adverse health effects. The ozone level at a location is contributed by local production, regional transport, and background ozone. This study combines detailed emission inventory, air quality modeling, and census data to investigate the source-receptor relationships between nitrogen oxides (NO(x)) emissions and population exposure to ambient O(3) in 48 states over the continental United States. By removing NO(x) emissions from each state one at a time, we calculate the change in O(3) exposures by examining the difference between the base and the sensitivity simulations. Based on the 49 simulations, we construct state-level and census region-level source-receptor matrices describing the relationships among these states/regions. We find that, for 43 receptor states, cumulative NO(x) emissions from upwind states contribute more to O(3) exposures than the state's own emissions. In-state emissions are responsible for less than 15% of O(3) exposures in 90% of U.S. states. A state's NO(x) emissions can influence 2 to 40 downwind states by at least a 0.1 ppbv change in population-averaged O(3) exposure. The results suggest that the U.S. generally needs a regional strategy to effectively reduce O(3) exposures. But the current regional emission control program in the U.S. is a cap-and-trade program that assumes the marginal damage of every ton of NO(x) is equal. In this study, the average O(3) exposures caused by one ton of NO(x) emissions ranges from -2.0 to 2.3 ppm-people-hours depending on the state. The actual damage caused by one ton of NO(x) emissions varies considerably over space.

Computations of soot and and NO sub x emissions from gas turbine combustors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Srivatsa, S. K.

1982-01-01

An analytical program was conducted to compute the soot and NOx emissions from a combustor and the radiation heat transfer to the combustor walls. The program involved the formulation of an emission and radiation model and the incorporation of this model into the Garrett 3-D Combustor Perfomance Computer Program. Computations were performed for the idle, cruise, and take-off conditions of a JT8D can combustor. The predicted soot and NOx emissions and the radiation heat transfer to the combustor walls agree reasonably well with the limited experimental data available.

7 CFR 1219.50 - Budgets, programs, plans, and projects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Budgets, programs, plans, and projects. 1219.50... Order Budgets, Expenses, and Assessments § 1219.50 Budgets, programs, plans, and projects. (a) The Board shall submit to the Secretary, on a fiscal period basis, annual budgets of its anticipated expenses and...

Lean NOx Trap Catalysis for Lean Natural Gas Engine Applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parks, II, James E; Storey, John Morse; Theiss, Timothy J

Distributed energy is an approach for meeting energy needs that has several advantages. Distributed energy improves energy security during natural disasters or terrorist actions, improves transmission grid reliability by reducing grid load, and enhances power quality through voltage support and reactive power. In addition, distributed energy can be efficient since transmission losses are minimized. One prime mover for distributed energy is the natural gas reciprocating engine generator set. Natural gas reciprocating engines are flexible and scalable solutions for many distributed energy needs. The engines can be run continuously or occasionally as peak demand requires, and their operation and maintenance ismore » straightforward. Furthermore, system efficiencies can be maximized when natural gas reciprocating engines are combined with thermal energy recovery for cooling, heating, and power applications. Expansion of natural gas reciprocating engines for distributed energy is dependent on several factors, but two prominent factors are efficiency and emissions. Efficiencies must be high enough to enable low operating costs, and emissions must be low enough to permit significant operation hours, especially in non-attainment areas where emissions are stringently regulated. To address these issues the U.S. Department of Energy and the California Energy Commission launched research and development programs called Advanced Reciprocating Engine Systems (ARES) and Advanced Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (ARICE), respectively. Fuel efficiency and low emissions are two primary goals of these programs. The work presented here was funded by the ARES program and, thus, addresses the ARES 2010 goals of 50% thermal efficiency (fuel efficiency) and <0.1 g/bhp-hr emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx). A summary of the goals for the ARES program is given in Table 1-1. ARICE 2007 goals are 45% thermal efficiency and <0.015 g/bhp-hr NOx. Several approaches for improving the efficiency and emissions of natural gas reciprocating engines are being pursued. Approaches include: stoichiometric engine operation with exhaust gas recirculation and three-way catalysis, advanced combustion modes such as homogeneous charge compression ignition, and extension of the lean combustion limit with advanced ignition concepts and/or hydrogen mixing. The research presented here addresses the technical approach of combining efficient lean spark-ignited natural gas combustion with low emissions obtained from a lean NOx trap catalyst aftertreatment system. This approach can be applied to current lean engine technology or advanced lean engines that may result from related efforts in lean limit extension. Furthermore, the lean NOx trap technology has synergy with hydrogen-assisted lean limit extension since hydrogen is produced from natural gas during the lean NOx trap catalyst system process. The approach is also applicable to other lean engines such as diesel engines, natural gas turbines, and lean gasoline engines; other research activities have focused on those applications. Some commercialization of the technology has occurred for automotive applications (both diesel and lean gasoline engine vehicles) and natural gas turbines for stationary power. The research here specifically addresses barriers to commercialization of the technology for large lean natural gas reciprocating engines for stationary power. The report presented here is a comprehensive collection of research conducted by Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) on lean NOx trap catalysis for lean natural gas reciprocating engines. The research was performed in the Department of Energy's ARES program from 2003 to 2007 and covers several aspects of the technology. All studies were conducted at ORNL on a Cummins C8.3G+ natural gas engine chosen based on industry input to simulate large lean natural gas engines. Specific technical areas addressed by the research include: NOx reduction efficiency, partial oxidation and reforming chemistry, and the effects of sulfur poisons on the partial oxidation, reformer, and lean NOx trap catalysts. The initial work on NOx reduction efficiency demonstrated that NOx emissions <0.1 g/bhp-hr (the ARES goal) can be achieved with the lean NOx trap catalyst technology. Subsequent work focused on cost and size optimization and durability issues which addressed two specific ARES areas of interest to industry ('Cost of Power' and 'Availability, Reliability, and Maintainability', respectively). Thus, the research addressed the approach of the lean NOx trap catalyst technology toward the ARES goals as shown in Table 1-1.« less

Multi-satellite sensor study on precipitation-induced emission pulses of NOx from soils in semi-arid ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zörner, Jan; Penning de Vries, Marloes; Beirle, Steffen; Sihler, Holger; Veres, Patrick R.; Williams, Jonathan; Wagner, Thomas

2016-07-01

We present a top-down approach to infer and quantify rain-induced emission pulses of NOx ( ≡ NO + NO2), stemming from biotic emissions of NO from soils, from satellite-borne measurements of NO2. This is achieved by synchronizing time series at single grid pixels according to the first day of rain after a dry spell of prescribed duration. The full track of the temporal evolution several weeks before and after a rain pulse is retained with daily resolution. These are needed for a sophisticated background correction, which accounts for seasonal variations in the time series and allows for improved quantification of rain-induced soil emissions. The method is applied globally and provides constraints on pulsed soil emissions of NOx in regions where the NOx budget is seasonally dominated by soil emissions. We find strong peaks of enhanced NO2 vertical column densities (VCDs) induced by the first intense precipitation after prolonged droughts in many semi-arid regions of the world, in particular in the Sahel. Detailed investigations show that the rain-induced NO2 pulse detected by the OMI (Ozone Monitoring Instrument), GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments could not be explained by other sources, such as biomass burning or lightning, or by retrieval artefacts (e.g. due to clouds). For the Sahel region, absolute enhancements of the NO2 VCDs on the first day of rain based on OMI measurements 2007-2010 are on average 4 × 1014  molec cm-2 and exceed 1 × 1015  molec cm-2 for individual grid cells. Assuming a NOx lifetime of 4 h, this corresponds to soil NOx emissions in the range of 6 up to 65 ng N m-2 s-1, which is in good agreement with literature values. Apart from the clear first-day peak, NO2 VCDs are moderately enhanced (2 × 1014  molec cm-2) compared to the background over the following 2 weeks, suggesting potential further emissions during that period of about 3.3 ng N m-2 s-1. The pulsed emissions contribute about 21-44 % to total soil NOx emissions over the Sahel.

40 CFR 86.1709-99 - Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light light-duty trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE...+NOX emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under... in control system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer...

40 CFR 86.1708-99 - Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY...+NOX emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under... in control system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer...

40 CFR 86.1708-99 - Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light-duty vehicles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY...+NOX emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under... in control system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer...

40 CFR 86.1709-99 - Exhaust emission standards for 1999 and later light light-duty trucks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE...+NOX emission control effectiveness during A/C-on operation when the vehicle is operated under... in control system NMHC+NOX effectiveness do occur as a result of such calibrations, the manufacturer...

40 CFR 75.33 - Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, Hg, and flow rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Standard missing data procedures for... AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.33 Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, Hg, and flow rate. (a) Following initial...

40 CFR 75.33 - Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Standard missing data procedures for... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.33 Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate. (a) Following initial certification...

40 CFR 75.33 - Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard missing data procedures for... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.33 Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate. (a) Following initial certification...

40 CFR 75.33 - Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard missing data procedures for... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.33 Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate. (a) Following initial certification...

40 CFR 75.33 - Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard missing data procedures for... (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) CONTINUOUS EMISSION MONITORING Missing Data Substitution Procedures § 75.33 Standard missing data procedures for SO2, NOX, and flow rate. (a) Following initial certification...

40 CFR 1045.701 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... engines or fuel-system components not participating in the ABT program of this subpart. (9) Trade means to... watercraft engines. (d) Sterndrive/inboard engines certified under § 1045.660 for jet boats may use HC+NOX... trading. The FEL caps for such jet boat families are the HC+NOX and CO standard for outboard and personal...

40 CFR 1045.701 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... engines or fuel-system components not participating in the ABT program of this subpart. (9) Trade means to... watercraft engines. (d) Sterndrive/inboard engines certified under § 1045.660 for jet boats may use HC+NOX... trading. The FEL caps for such jet boat families are the HC+NOX and CO standard for outboard and personal...

40 CFR 1045.701 - General provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... engines or fuel-system components not participating in the ABT program of this subpart. (9) Trade means to... watercraft engines. (d) Sterndrive/inboard engines certified under § 1045.660 for jet boats may use HC+NOX... trading. The FEL caps for such jet boat families are the HC+NOX and CO standard for outboard and personal...

40 CFR 96.76 - Additional requirements to provide heat input data for allocations purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TRADING PROGRAMS FOR STATE IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Monitoring and Reporting § 96.76 Additional requirements... to monitor and report NOX Mass emissions using a NOX concentration system and a flow system shall... chapter for any source located in a state developing source allocations based upon heat input. (b) The...

10 CFR 603.885 - Updated program plans and budgets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Updated program plans and budgets. 603.885 Section 603.885... program plans and budgets. In addition to reports on progress to date, a TIA may include a provision... effort and a revised budget if there is a significant change from the initial budget. ...

40 CFR 60.4120 - General Hg budget trading program permit requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false General Hg budget trading program... budget trading program permit requirements. (a) For each Hg Budget source required to have a title V operating permit, such permit shall include a Hg Budget permit administered by the permitting authority for...