Antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of naphthoquinone pigments from Onosma visianii Clem

PubMed Central

Vukic, Milena D.; Vukovic, Nenad L.; Djelic, Gorica T.; Popovic, Suzana Lj.; Zaric, Milan M.; Baskic, Dejan D.; Krstic, Gordana B.; Tesevic, Vele V.; Kacaniova, Miroslava M.

2017-01-01

In this study, the antibacterial and cytotoxic activities of isolated compounds from the roots of Onosma visianii were investigated. By using different chromatographic techniques and appropriate spectroscopic methods, the seven naphthoquinones were described: deoxyshikonin (1), isobutyrylshikonin (2), α-methylbutyrylshikonin (3), acetylshikonin (4), β-hydroxyisovalerylshikonin (5), 5,8-O-dimethyl isobutyrylshikonin (6) and 5,8-O-dimethyl deoxyshikonin (7). Among the tested compounds, 3 and 4 exhibited the highest antibacterial activities toward all tested bacterial species (MIC50 and MIC90 for gram positive bacteria: 6.40 μg/mL-12.79 μg/mL and 6.82 μg/mL-13.60 μg/mL, respectively; for gram negative bacteria: 4.27 μg/mL-8.53 μg/mL and 4.77 μg/mL-9.54 μg/mL, respectively). Also, naphthoquinones 3 and 4 exhibited strong cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 cells (IC50 values 86.0 μg/mL and 80.2 μg/mL, respectively), while compounds 1, 3, 4 and 5 significantly decreased viability of HCT116 cells (IC50 values of 97.8 μg/mL, 15.2 μg/mL, 24.6 μg/mL and 30.9 μg/mL, respectively). Our results indicated that all tested naphthoquinone pigments are potential candidates for clinical uses as antibacterial and cytotoxic agents. PMID:28435429

Bioactivity of biflorin, a typical o-naphthoquinone isolated from Capraria biflora L.

PubMed

Vasconcellos, Marne C; Montenegro, Raquel C; Militão, Gardênia C G; Fonseca, Aluísio M; Pessoa, Otília D L; Lemos, Telma L G; Pessoa, Cláudia; Moraes, Manoel O; Costa-Lotufo, Letícia V

2005-01-01

Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae) is a perennial shrub widely distributed in several countries of tropical America. The present work verified the cytotoxic and antioxidant potential of biflorin, an o-naphthoquinone isolated from C. biflora collected in the northeast region of Brazil. The cytotoxicity was tested on three different animal cell models: mouse erythrocytes, sea urchin embryos and tumor cells, while the antioxidant activity was assayed by the thiocyanate method. Biflorin lacked activity on mouse erythrocytes as well as on the development of sea urchin eggs, but strongly inhibited the growth of all five tested tumor cell lines, especially the skin, breast and colon cancer cells with IC50 of 0.40, 0.43 and 0.88 micro/ml for B16, MCF-7 and HCT-8, respectively. Biflorin also showed potent antioxidant activity against autoxidation of oleic acid in a water/alcohol system.

Thiourea-catalyzed Diels–Alder reaction of a naphthoquinone monoketal dienophile

PubMed Central

Kramer, Carsten S

2013-01-01

Summary A variety of organocatalysts were screened for the catalysis of the naphthoquinone monoketal Diels–Alder reaction. In this study we found that Schreiner's thiourea catalyst 10 and Jacobson's thiourea catalyst 12 facilitate the cycloaddition of the sterically hindered naphthoquinone monoketal dienophile 3 with diene 4. The use of thiourea catalysis allowed for the first time the highly selective synthesis of the exo-product 2a in up to 63% yield. In this reaction a new quaternary center was built. The so formed cycloaddition product 2a represents the ABC tricycle of beticolin 0 (1) and is also a valuable model substrate for the total synthesis of related natural products. PMID:23946836

Cl2O photochemistry: ultraviolet/vis absorption spectrum temperature dependence and O(3P) quantum yield at 193 and 248 nm.

PubMed

Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K; Feierabend, Karl J; Burkholder, James B

2011-05-28

The photochemistry of Cl(2)O (dichlorine monoxide) was studied using measurements of its UV/vis absorption spectrum temperature dependence and the O((3)P) atom quantum yield, Φ(Cl(2)O)(O)(λ), in its photolysis at 193 and 248 nm. The Cl(2)O UV/vis absorption spectrum was measured over the temperature range 201-296 K between 200 and 500 nm using diode array spectroscopy. Cl(2)O absorption cross sections, σ(Cl(2)O)(λ,T), at temperatures <296 K were determined relative to its well established room temperature values. A wavelength and temperature dependent parameterization of the Cl(2)O spectrum using the sum of six Gaussian functions, which empirically represent transitions from the ground (1)A(1) electronic state to excited states, is presented. The Gaussian functions are found to correlate well with published theoretically calculated vertical excitation energies. O((3)P) quantum yields in the photolysis of Cl(2)O at 193 and 248 nm were measured using pulsed laser photolysis combined with atomic resonance fluorescence detection of O((3)P) atoms. O((3)P) quantum yields were measured to be 0.85 ± 0.15 for 193 nm photolysis at 296 K and 0.20 ± 0.03 at 248 nm, which was also found to be independent of temperature (220-352 K) and pressure (17 and 28 Torr, N(2)). The quoted uncertainties are at the 2σ (95% confidence) level and include estimated systematic errors. ClO radical temporal profiles obtained following the photolysis of Cl(2)O at 248 nm, as reported previously in Feierabend et al. [J. Phys. Chem. A 114, 12052, (2010)], were interpreted to establish a <5% upper-limit for the O + Cl(2) photodissociation channel, which indicates that O((3)P) is primarily formed in the three-body, O + 2Cl, photodissociation channel at 248 nm. The analysis also indirectly provided a Cl atom quantum yield of 1.2 ± 0.1 at 248 nm. The results from this work are compared with previous studies where possible. © 2011 American Institute of Physics

Molecular association of 2-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives: Electrochemical, DFT studies and antiproliferative activity against leukemia cell lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patil, Rishikesh; Bhand, Sujit; Konkimalla, V. Badireenath; Banerjee, Priyabrata; Ugale, Bharat; Chadar, Dattatray; Saha, Sourav Kr.; Praharaj, Prakash Priyadarshi; Nagaraja, C. M.; Chakrovarty, Debamitra; Salunke-Gawali, Sunita

2016-12-01

Molecular structures and their molecular association of 2-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone, viz., LH-3; propyl, LH-4; butyl and LH-8; octyl derivatives were studied by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Synthesis and characterization of 2-octylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone; LH-8 was discussed. The molecule of LH-3 crystallizes in orthorhombic space group P21/c, while the LH-4 and LH-8 molecule crystallizes in triclinic space group P-1. LH-3, LH-4 and LH-8 showed intermolecular N-H⋯O and C-H⋯O interactions, LH-3 showed unique C(3)-H(3)⋯O(1) interaction. Interchain π-π stacking, slipped π-π stacking and C⋯O close contacts was respectively observed in LH-3, LH-4 and LH-8. Electrochemical studies were performed on first eight members of homologous series of 2-(n-alkylamino)-1,4-naphthoquinone (LH-1 to LH-8) by cyclic voltammetry. Naphthoquinone to naphthosemiquinone reversible redox couple was observed in all compounds ∼ E1/2 = -0.657 ± 0.05 V. HOMO-LUMO band gap was determined for the neutral form as well as the monoanionic radical form viz. naphthosemiquinone form of selected derivatives by DFT studies. It has been observed that the electron density is delocalized in the naphthoquinone ring in both neutral as well as one electron reduced form of compounds. Antiproliferative activity of LH-1 to LH-8 was evaluated against two cancer cell lines, THP1(acute monocytic leukemia) and K562(human immortalized myelogenous leukemia cell line) cells. It was observed that, in THP1 cells, compounds LH-2 and LH-3 are very active while LH-1, LH-4 and LH-6 were moderately active and LH-5, LH-7 and LH-8 were totally inactive. Contrastingly, in K562 cells all of the compounds were moderately active.

Effect of kisspeptin-10, LH and hCG on serum testosterone concentrations in stallions, donkeys and mules.

PubMed

Akhtar, Rana Waseem; Shah, Syed Aftab Hussain; Qureshi, Irfan Zia

2017-10-15

This study was conducted to determine the response of serum testosterone (T) in male equines (stallions, donkeys and mules) after administering intravenous doses of kisspeptin-10 (KP-10), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and luteinizing hormone (LH) and saline as a control. The animals were divided into four groups of three each: Group I, 3 ml of 0.95% saline; Group II, 50 μg KP-10; Group III, 2500 IU hCG and group IV, 400 μg LH. The administration of KP-10 and hCG to stallions resulted in a significant increase in serum T concentration at 240 min; whereas it was significantly higher at 30, 60, 120, and 240 min with LH treatment as compared to pre-dose concentrations. Both KP-10 and hCG significantly elevated the T concentrations in donkeys at 120 and 240 min, respectively; whereas it was significantly higher at 60, 120, and 240 min with LH treatment as compared to pre-dose concentration. Both KP-10 and LH elevated T in donkeys at 240 min as compared to the control and hCG concentrations. After 120 and 240 min, T concentrations in mules were higher (p < 0.05) with administration of KP-10, hCG and LH as compared to the control. In conclusion, the administration of KP-10, hCG and LH elevate the serum T concentration in normal male equines. It is suggested that KP-10 may be useful in situations where an increase in T is desired. Further work is required to determine the effect of KP-10 on T in male equids with reproductive abnormalities before it can be used in clinical situations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

17 CFR 248.103-248.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 248.103-248.119 Section 248.103-248.119 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing §§ 248.103-248.119...

17 CFR 248.103-248.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 248.103-248.119 Section 248.103-248.119 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing §§ 248.103-248.119 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR 248.103-248.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 248.103-248.119 Section 248.103-248.119 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing §§ 248.103-248.119 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR 248.103-248.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 248.103-248.119 Section 248.103-248.119 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing §§ 248.103-248.119 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR 248.103-248.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 248.103-248.119 Section 248.103-248.119 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing §§ 248.103-248.119 [Reserved] ...

MEASUREMENT OF HEMOGLOBIN AND ALBUMIN ADDUCTS OF NAPHTHALENE-1,2-OXIDE, 1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE AND 1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE AFTER ADMINISTRATION OF NAPHTHALENE TO F344 RATS

EPA Science Inventory

Naphthalene-1,2-oxide (NPO), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NPQ) and 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NPQ) are the major metabolites of naphthalene that are thought to be responsible for the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of this chemical. We measured cysteinyl adducts of these metabolites in ...

Antifungal activity of synthetic naphthoquinones against dermatophytes and opportunistic fungi: preliminary mechanism-of-action tests.

PubMed

Ferreira, Maria do Perpetuo Socorro Borges Carriço; Cardoso, Mariana Filomena do Carmo; da Silva, Fernando de Carvalho; Ferreira, Vitor Francisco; Lima, Emerson Silva; Souza, João Vicente Braga

2014-07-06

This study evaluated the antifungal activities of synthetic naphthoquinones against opportunistic and dermatophytic fungi and their preliminary mechanisms of action. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of four synthetic naphthoquinones for 89 microorganisms, including opportunistic yeast agents, dermatophytes and opportunistic filamentous fungi, were determined. The compound that exhibited the best activity was assessed for its action against the cell wall (sorbitol test), for interference associated with ergosterol interaction, for osmotic balance (K+ efflux) and for membrane leakage of substances that absorb at the wavelength of 260 nm. All tested naphthoquinones exhibited antifungal activity, and compound IVS320 (3a,10b-dihydro-1H-cyclopenta [b] naphtho [2,3-d] furan-5,10-dione)-dione) demonstrated the lowest MICs across the tested species. The MIC of IVS320 was particularly low for dermatophytes (values ranging from 5-28 μg/mL) and Cryptococcus spp. (3-5 μg/mL). In preliminary mechanism-of-action tests, IVS320 did not alter the fungal cell wall but did cause problems in terms of cell membrane permeability (efflux of K+ and leakage of substances that absorb at 260 nm). This last effect was unrelated to ergosterol interactions with the membrane.

Natural Product Screening Reveals Naphthoquinone Complex I Bypass Factors

PubMed Central

Mevers, Emily; Higgins, Kathleen W.; Fomina, Yevgenia; Zhang, Jianming; Mandinova, Anna; Newman, David; Shaw, Stanley Y.; Clardy, Jon; Mootha, Vamsi K.

2016-01-01

Deficiency of mitochondrial complex I is encountered in both rare and common diseases, but we have limited therapeutic options to treat this lesion to the oxidative phosphorylation system (OXPHOS). Idebenone and menadione are redox-active molecules capable of rescuing OXPHOS activity by engaging complex I-independent pathways of entry, often referred to as “complex I bypass.” In the present study, we created a cellular model of complex I deficiency by using CRISPR genome editing to knock out Ndufa9 in mouse myoblasts, and utilized this cell line to develop a high-throughput screening platform for novel complex I bypass factors. We screened a library of ~40,000 natural product extracts and performed bioassay-guided fractionation on a subset of the top scoring hits. We isolated four plant-derived 1,4-naphthoquinone complex I bypass factors with structural similarity to menadione: chimaphilin and 3-chloro-chimaphilin from Chimaphila umbellata and dehydro-α-lapachone and dehydroiso-α-lapachone from Stereospermum euphoroides. We also tested a small number of structurally related naphthoquinones from commercial sources and identified two additional compounds with complex I bypass activity: 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methoxy-3-methyl-1,4,-naphthoquinone. The six novel complex I bypass factors reported here expand this class of molecules and will be useful as tool compounds for investigating complex I disease biology. PMID:27622560

STABILITY OF HEMOGLOBIN AND ALBUMIN ADDUCTS OF NAPHTHALENE OXIDE, 1,2-NAPHTHOQUINONE, AND 1,4-NAPHTHOQUINONE

EPA Science Inventory

Naphthalene is an important industrial chemical, which has recently been shown to cause tumors of the respiratory tract in rodents. It is thought that one or more reactive metabolites of naphthalene, namely, naphthalene-1,2-oxide (NPO), 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NPQ), and 1,4-na...

Cobalt Ion Promoted Redox Cascade: A Route to Spiro Oxazine-Oxazepine Derivatives and a Dinuclear Cobalt(III) Complex of an N-(1,4-Naphthoquinone)-o-aminophenol Derivative.

PubMed

Mondal, Sandip; Bera, Sachinath; Maity, Suvendu; Ghosh, Prasanta

2017-11-06

The study discloses that the redox activity of N-(1,4-naphthoquinone)-o-aminophenol derivatives (L R H 2 ) containing a (phenol)-NH-(1,4-naphthoquinone) fragment is notably different from that of a (phenol)-NH-(phenol) precursor. The former is a platform for a redox cascade. L R H 2 is redox noninnocent and exists in Cat-N-(1,4-naphthoquinone)(2-) (L R 2- ) and SQ-N-(1,4-naphthoquinone) (L R •- ) states in the complexes. Reactions of L R H 2 with cobalt(II) salts in MeOH in air promote a cascade affording spiro oxazine-oxazepine derivatives ( OX L R ) in good yields, when R = H, Me, t Bu. Spiro oxazine-oxazepine derivatives are bioactive, and such a molecule has so far not been isolated by a schematic route. In this context this cascade is significant. Dimerization of L R H 2 → OX L R in MeOH is a (6H + + 6e) oxidation reaction and is composed of formations of four covalent bonds and 6-exo-trig and 7-endo-trig cyclization based on C-O coupling reactions, where MeOH is the source of a proton and the ester function. It was established that the active cascade precursor is [(L Me •- )Co III Cl 2 ] (A). Notably, formation of a spiro derivative was not detected in CH 3 CN and the reaction ends up furnishing A. The route of the reaction is tunable by R, when R = NO 2 , it is a (2e + 4H + ) oxidation reaction affording a dinuclear L R 2- complex of cobalt(III) of the type [(L NO2 2- ) 2 Co III 2 (OMe) 2 (H 2 O) 2 ] (1) in good yields. No cascade occurs with zinc(II) ion even in MeOH and produces a L Me •- complex of type [(L Me •- )Zn II Cl 2 ] (2). The intermediate A and 2 exhibit strong EPR signals at g = 2.008 and 1.999, confrming the existence of L Me •- coordinated to low-spin cobalt(III) and zinc(II) ions. The intermediates of L R H 2 → OX L R conversion were analyzed by ESI mass spectrometry. The molecular geometries of OX L R and 1 were confirmed by X-ray crystallography, and the spectral features were elucidated by TD DFT calculations.

Substituted naphthoquinones as novel amino acid sensitive reagents for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper surfaces.

PubMed

Jelly, R; Lewis, S W; Lennard, C; Lim, K F; Almog, J

2010-10-15

In this paper, we present our preliminary studies into naphthoquinones as novel reagents for the detection of latent fingermarks on paper. Latent fingermarks deposited on paper substrates were treated with solutions of selected naphthoquinones in ethyl acetate/HFE-7100, with subsequent heating. The selected compounds were 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate, 2-methoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone and 2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone. All of the tested compounds yielded purple-brown visible fingermarks, which also exhibited photoluminescence when illuminated with a high intensity filtered light source at 555 nm and viewed through red goggles. Indirect heat using an oven at 150°C for 1h was found to be superior to direct heat with an iron, which while providing faster development lead to increased levels of background colouration. Luminescence spectrophotometry revealed differences in photoluminescence characteristics for fingermarks developed with the different naphthoquinones, with excitation over the range 530-590 nm. Luminescence spectrophotometry of developed lysine, glycine and serine spots on paper was used to confirm that the naphthoquinones were reacting with amino acids in the latent fingermark. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Two new dimeric naphthoquinones with neuraminidase inhibitory activity from Lithospermum erythrorhizon.

PubMed

Yang, Yanqin; Zhao, Dapeng; Yuan, Kailong; Zhou, Guojun; Wang, Yu; Xiao, Yanmeng; Wang, Chenxu; Xu, Jingwei; Yang, Wei

2015-01-01

The crude methanol extract of roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon was subjected to successive chromatographic fractionation which afforded two new dimeric naphthoquinone derivatives shikometabolin E (2) and shikometabolin F (3) as well as one known compound shikometabolin A (1). The structures of compounds 1-3 were elucidated by using UV, MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic analysis. The two new dimeric naphthoquinone derivatives showed significant neuraminidase inhibitory activities.

THz spectra of 1,4-naphthoquinones and its four derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Weining; Li, Hongqi; Luo, Xiang; Zeng, Xiaoni

2008-03-01

Recently some naphthoquinone derivatives have been found with anticancer or other therapeutic properties, but also have some negative side effects. Numerous research projects have been conducted to investigate their properties and therapeutic mechanisms. With Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy (THz-TDS), we have successfully obtained THz spectra of 1,4-naphthoquinone and its four derivatives in a series of naphthazarin - juglone - 1,4-naphthoquinone - menadione - plumbagin, in the range between 0.2 and 2.4~2.8 THz. Although these molecules are almost identical to each other, they have very distinctive THz spectra so that they can be identified much more easily than using conventional spectroscopy. We have comparatively analyzed their THz spectra, and found some possible correlations between THz spectra and molecular structures. These THz spectra cannot only be used as spectral fingerprint, but also provide us their conformational properties that can be used in study of their interaction with biomolecules to reveal their pharmaceutical mechanisms.

SULFUR- AND SILICON-BEARING MOLECULES IN PLANETARY NEBULAE: THE CASE OF M2-48

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Edwards, J. L.; Ziurys, L. M., E-mail: lziurys@email.arizona.edu

Molecular-line observations of the bipolar planetary nebula (PN) M2-48 have been conducted using the Sub-Millimeter Telescope and the 12 m antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory at 1, 2, and 3 mm. M2-48 is estimated to be ∼4800 yr old, midway through the PN evolutionary track. SiO and SO{sub 2} were detected in this source—the first identification of either molecule in a PN. CN, HCN, HNC, CS, SO, HCO{sup +}, N{sub 2}H{sup +}, and several {sup 13}C isotopologues such as {sup 13}CN, H{sup 13}CN, and H{sup 13}CO{sup +} were also observed toward this object. A radiative transfer analysis of multiplemore » SiO transitions indicates a gas kinetic temperature of T {sub K} ∼ 55 K and a density of n(H{sub 2}) ∼ 9 × 10{sup 5} cm{sup –3} in M2-48, in agreement with previous CS and CO modeling. After CO, CN, and SO were found to be the most prevalent molecules in this nebula, with fractional abundances, relative to H{sub 2}, of f ∼ 3.8 × 10{sup –7} and 2.4 × 10{sup –7}, respectively. SO{sub 2} and HCN are also abundant, with f ∼ 1.2 × 10{sup –7}, indicating an [SO]/[SO{sub 2}] ratio of ∼2. Relatively high ion abundances were measured in M2-48 as well, with f ∼ 10{sup –7} for both HCO{sup +} and N{sub 2}H{sup +}. An [HCN]/[HNC] ratio of ∼2 was determined, as typically observed in other PNe, independent of age. The high abundances of SO and SO{sub 2}, along with the presence of SiO with f ∼ 2.9 × 10{sup –8}, suggest O/C > 1 in this source; furthermore, the prevalence of CN and N{sub 2}H{sup +} indicates nitrogen enrichment. The {sup 12}C/{sup 13}C ratio of ∼3 in the nebula was also established. These factors indicate hot-bottom burning occurred in the progenitor star of M2-48, suggesting an initial mass > 4 M {sub ☉}.« less

Synthesis and anti-fungal activity of acetylated glycosides of 1,4-naphthoquinone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Polonik, S.G.; Tolkach, A.M.; Uvarova, N.I.

1986-12-01

The authors synthesize a series of glycoside derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinones (VIII-XXII) and study their anti-fungal activity in a search for more effective preparations for the medical and food industries. The structures of the newly prepared glycosides were verified by IR and /sup 1/H and /sup 13/C NMR spectroscopy. The properties of acetylated 1,4-naphthoquinone glycosides are presented.

Aromatase inhibitory activity of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives and QSAR study

PubMed Central

Prachayasittikul, Veda; Pingaew, Ratchanok; Worachartcheewan, Apilak; Sitthimonchai, Somkid; Nantasenamat, Chanin; Prachayasittikul, Supaluk; Ruchirawat, Somsak; Prachayasittikul, Virapong

2017-01-01

A series of 2-amino(chloro)-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives (1-11) were investigated for their aromatase inhibitory activities. 1,4-Naphthoquinones 1 and 4 were found to be the most potent compounds affording IC50 values 5.2 times lower than the reference drug, ketoconazole. A quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model provided good predictive performance (R2CV = 0.9783 and RMSECV = 0.0748) and indicated mass (Mor04m and H8m), electronegativity (Mor08e), van der Waals volume (G1v) and structural information content index (SIC2) descriptors as key descriptors governing the activity. To investigate the effects of structural modifications on aromatase inhibitory activity, the model was employed to predict the activities of an additional set of 39 structurally modified compounds constructed in silico. The prediction suggested that the 2,3-disubstitution of 1,4-naphthoquinone ring with halogen atoms (i.e., Br, I and F) is the most effective modification for potent activity (1a, 1b and 1c). Importantly, compound 1b was predicted to be more potent than its parent compound 1 (11.90-fold) and the reference drug, letrozole (1.03-fold). The study suggests the 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives as promising compounds to be further developed as a novel class of aromatase inhibitors. PMID:28827987

Endogenous 5-methylcytosine protects neighboring guanines from N7 and O6-methylation and O6-pyridyloxobutylation by the tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone.

PubMed

Ziegel, Rebecca; Shallop, Anthony; Upadhyaya, Pramod; Jones, Roger; Tretyakova, Natalia

2004-01-20

All CG dinucleotides along exons 5-8 of the p53 tumor suppressor gene contain endogenous 5-methylcytosine (MeC). These same sites (e.g., codons 157, 158, 245, 248, and 273) are mutational hot spots in smoking-induced lung cancer. Several groups used the UvrABC endonuclease incision assay to demonstrate that methylated CG dinucleotides of the p53 gene are the preferred binding sites for the diol epoxides of bay region polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In contrast, effects of endogenous cytosine methylation on the distribution of DNA lesions induced by tobacco-specific nitrosamines, e.g., 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK), have not been elucidated. In the work presented here, a stable isotope labeling HPLC-ESI-MS/MS approach was employed to analyze the reactivity of the N7 and O6 positions of guanines within hemimethylated and fully methylated CG dinucleotides toward NNK-derived methylating and pyridyloxobutylating species. 15N3-labeled guanine bases were placed within synthetic DNA sequences representing endogenously methylated p53 codons 154, 157, and 248, followed by treatment with acetylated precursors to NNK diazohydroxides. HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis was used to determine the relative yields of N7- and O6-guanine adducts at the 15N3-labeled position. In all cases, the presence of MeC inhibited the formation of N7-methylguanine, O6-methylguanine, and O6-pyridyloxobutylguanine at a neighboring G, with the greatest decrease observed in fully methylated dinucleotides and at guanines preceded by MeC. Furthermore, the O6-Me-dG/N7-Me-G molar ratios were decreased in the presence of the 5'-neighboring MeC, suggesting that the observed decline in O6-alkylguanine adduct yields is, at least partially, a result of an altered reactivity pattern in methylated CG dinucleotides. These results indicate that, unlike N2-guanine adducts of PAH diol epoxides, NNK-induced N7- and O6-alkylguanine adducts are not preferentially formed at the endogenously

46 CFR 147.5 - Commandant (CG-522); address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Commandant (CG-522); address. 147.5 Section 147.5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.5 Commandant (CG-522); address. Commandant (CG-522) is the Office of Operating...

46 CFR 147.5 - Commandant (CG-522); address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Commandant (CG-522); address. 147.5 Section 147.5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.5 Commandant (CG-522); address. Commandant (CG-522) is the Office of Operating...

46 CFR 147.5 - Commandant (CG-OES); address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Commandant (CG-OES); address. 147.5 Section 147.5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.5 Commandant (CG-OES); address. Commandant (CG-OES) is the Office of Operating...

46 CFR 147.5 - Commandant (CG-OES); address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Commandant (CG-OES); address. 147.5 Section 147.5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.5 Commandant (CG-OES); address. Commandant (CG-ENG) is the Office of Design and...

46 CFR 147.5 - Commandant (CG-OES); address.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Commandant (CG-OES); address. 147.5 Section 147.5 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES HAZARDOUS SHIPS' STORES General Provisions § 147.5 Commandant (CG-OES); address. Commandant (CG-ENG) is the Office of Design and...

Induced production of antifungal naphthoquinones in the pitchers of the carnivorous plant Nepenthes khasiana

PubMed Central

Eilenberg, Haviva; Pnini-Cohen, Smadar; Rahamim, Yocheved; Sionov, Edward; Segal, Esther; Carmeli, Shmuel; Zilberstein, Aviah

2010-01-01

Nepenthes spp. are carnivorous plants that have developed insect capturing traps, evolved by specific modification of the leaf tips, and are able to utilize insect degradation products as nutritional precursors. A chitin-induced antifungal ability, based on the production and secretion to the trap liquid of droserone and 5-O-methyldroserone, is described here. Such specific secretion uniquely occurred when chitin injection was used as the eliciting agent and probably reflects a certain kind of defence mechanism that has been evolved for protecting the carnivory-based provision of nutritional precursors. The pitcher liquid containing droserone and 5-O-methyldroserone at 3:1 or 4:1 molar ratio, as well as the purified naphthoquinones, exerted an antifungal effect on a wide range of plant and human fungal pathogens. When tested against Candida and Aspergillus spp., the concentrations required for achieving inhibitory and fungicidal effects were significantly lower than those causing cytotoxicity in cells of the human embryonic kidney cell line, 293T. These naturally secreted 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives, that are assumed to act via semiquinone enhancement of free radical production, may offer a new lead to develop alternative antifungal drugs with reduced selectable pressure for potentially evolved resistance. PMID:20018905

The Plant-Derived Naphthoquinone Droserone Inhibits In Vitro Measles Virus Infection.

PubMed

Lieberherr, Christina; Zhang, Guoliang; Grafen, Anika; Singethan, Katrin; Kendl, Sabine; Vogt, Valentin; Maier, Jonathan; Bringmann, Gerhard; Schneider-Schaulies, Jürgen

2017-02-01

The naphthoquinone droserone ( 1 ) is a natural product occurring in dicotyledonous plants. We have now observed that the addition of 1 during infection of tissue culture cells with measles virus considerably reduced the infection. Interestingly, the infection was inhibited only when droserone ( 1 ) was added during virus entry, but not when added to the cells prior to virus uptake or after virus uptake. These findings suggest that 1 interacts with viral particles to reduce infectivity. The formation of progeny measles virus particles was inhibited to 50 % by droserone ( 1 ) at a concentration (IC 50 ) of approximately 2 µM with a half-maximal cytotoxicity (CC 50 ) of about 60 µM for Vero cells. Other tested naphthoquinone derivatives, among them the likewise natural plumbagin ( 2 ), but also synthetic analogs, were either more cytotoxic or not as effective as 1 . Thus, our data do not support the development of naphthoquinone derivatives into antiviral compounds, but suggest that they may be interesting research tools to study measles virus entry into cells. Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

C-H functionalization of 1,4-naphthoquinone by oxidative coupling with anilines in the presence of a catalytic quantity of copper(II) acetate.

PubMed

Lisboa, Cinthia da S; Santos, Vanessa G; Vaz, Boniek G; de Lucas, Nanci C; Eberlin, Marcos N; Garden, Simon J

2011-07-01

The oxidative addition of anilines (2) with 1,4-naphthoquinone (3) to give N-aryl-2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones (1) was found to be catalyzed by copper(II) acetate. In the absence of the catalyst, the reactions are slower and give lower yields with the formation of many colateral products. In the presence of 10 mol % hydrated copper(II) acetate, the reactions are generally more efficient in that they are cleaner, higher yielding, and faster.

Monoamine oxidase inhibitory naphthoquinones from the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon.

PubMed

Choi, Woo Hoi; Hong, Seong Su; Lee, Seon A; Han, Xiang Hua; Lee, Kyong Soon; Lee, Myung Koo; Hwang, Bang Yeon; Ro, Jai Seup

2005-04-01

Activity-guided fractionation of a hexane-soluble extract of the roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon, using a mouse brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition assay, led to the isolation of two known naphthoquinones, acetylshikonin and shikonin, and a furylhydroquinone, shikonofuran E. These compounds were shown to inhibit MAO with IC50 values of 10.0, 13.3, and 59.1 microM, respectively. Although no specificity for MAO-A and MAO-B was shown by acetylshikonin and shikonin, a Lineweaver-Burk plot analysis indicated that the inhibition was competitive for both MAO-A and MAO-B activity.

Urine reference intervals for human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) isoforms by immunoextraction-tandem mass spectrometry to detect hCG use.

PubMed

Butch, Anthony W; Ahrens, Brian D; Avliyakulov, Nuraly K

2017-11-03

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates testosterone production by the testicles and can normalize suppressed testosterone concentrations in males following prolonged anabolic steroid use. Because of the potential for abuse by males, hCG is on the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) list of prohibited substances. The majority of WADA-accredited laboratories measure urinary hCG using an automated immunoassay. Only immunoassays that recognize the intact alpha and beta heterodimer of hCG (intact hCG) should be used to measure urinary hCG for doping control purposes since intact hCG is the only biologically active molecule. WADA further requires that confirmation testing is performed using an intact hCG immunoassay that is different from the one used in the initial testing procedure or by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). In this study we measured the concentration of intact hCG, free β-subunit (hCGβ) and β-subunit core fragment (hCGβcf) in 570, 275, and 256 male urine samples, respectively, by an immunoextraction LC-MS/MS method. Mean concentrations of intact hCG, hCGβ and hCGβcf were 0.04 IU/L, 0.47 pmol/L and 0.16 pmol/L, respectively. The upper reference limits (97.5 th percentile) for intact hCG, hCGβ and hCGβcf were 0.21 IU/L, 0.40 pmol/L, and 1.86 pmol/L, respectively. Based on these data, we recommend a threshold of 1.0 IU/L for intact hCG (false positive rate of <1 in 10 000) for detecting male athletes that dope with hCG. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

hCGbeta core fragment is a metabolite of hCG: evidence from infusion of recombinant hCG.

PubMed

Norman, R J; Buchholz, M M; Somogyi, A A; Amato, F

2000-03-01

The availability of recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (r-hCG) has allowed us to measure its metabolic and renal clearance rates and to study the origin of the beta core fragment of hCG (hCGbetacf). Serum and urine samples were collected from six subjects, after an intravenous injection of 2 mg (equivalent to 44 000 IU Urinary hCG) r-hCG, and assayed for hCG and the beta subunit (hCGbeta). Urine from four of the subjects was also subjected to gel chromatography and assayed for hCGbetacf and hCG. r-hCG, administered as an intravenous dose, was distributed, initially in a volume of 3.4+/-0.7 l (mean+/-s.d.) and then in 6.5+/-1.15 l at steady-state. The disappearance of r-hCG from serum was bi-exponential, with an initial half-life of 4.5+/-0.7 h and a terminal half-life of 29.0+/-4.6 h. The mean residence time was 28. 6+/- 3.6 h and the total systemic clearance rate of r-hCG was 226+/-18 ml/h. The renal clearance rate was 28.75+/-6.2 ml/h (mean+/-s.d). hCGbetacf was detected in all urine samples collected at 6 h intervals. Over the 138 h period of urine collection, 12.9% (range 10.1-17.3% ) of r-hCG injected was recovered as the intact molecule and 1.7% (range 0.8-2.9%) was recovered as the hCGbetacf, in 4 subjects. The molar ratio of hCGbetacf to hCG in urine increased from 3.1+/-1.7%, on day 1, to 76+/-34.3% (mean+/-s.e.m.) on day 5, after r-hCG infusion, suggesting that hCGbetacf is a metabolic product of the infused r-hCG.

Investigation of chemical reactivity of 2-alkoxy-1,4-naphthoquinones and their anticancer activity.

PubMed

Manickam, Manoj; Boggu, Pulla Reddy; Cho, Jungsuk; Nam, Yeo Jin; Lee, Seung Jin; Jung, Sang-Hun

2018-06-15

To establish the structure-activity relationship of 5-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinones toward anticancer activity, a series of its derivatives were prepared and tested for the activity (IC 50 in µM) against three cell lines; colo205 (colon adenocarcinoma), T47D (breast ductal carcinoma) and K562 (chronic myelogenous leukemia). Among them 2 (IC 50 : 2.3; 2.0; 1.4 µM), 6 (IC 50 : 1.9; 2.2; 1.3 µM), 9 (IC 50 : 0.7; 1.7; 0.9 µM) and 10 (IC 50 :1.7; 1.0; 1.2 µM) showed moderate to excellent activity. Our perception toward the DNA substitution of alkoxy groups at the C2 position of these naphthoquinones for the anticancer activity led us to investigate their reactivity of substitution toward dimethylamine as a nucleophile. The ease of the substitution of alkoxy groups at the C2 position with dimethylamine is strongly accelerated by hydroxyl group at C5 position and is well correlated with the found anticancer activity results. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Biological functions of hCG and hCG-related molecules

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background hCG is a term referring to 4 independent molecules, each produced by separate cells and each having completely separate functions. These are hCG produced by villous syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG produced by cytotrophoblast cells, free beta-subunit made by multiple primary non-trophoblastic malignancies, and pituitary hCG made by the gonadotrope cells of the anterior pituitary. Results and discussion hCG has numerous functions. hCG promotes progesterone production by corpus luteal cells; promotes angiogenesis in uterine vasculature; promoted the fusion of cytotrophoblast cell and differentiation to make syncytiotrophoblast cells; causes the blockage of any immune or macrophage action by mother on foreign invading placental cells; causes uterine growth parallel to fetal growth; suppresses any myometrial contractions during the course of pregnancy; causes growth and differentiation of the umbilical cord; signals the endometrium about forthcoming implantation; acts on receptor in mother's brain causing hyperemesis gravidarum, and seemingly promotes growth of fetal organs during pregnancy. Hyperglycosylated hCG functions to promote growth of cytotrophoblast cells and invasion by these cells, as occurs in implantation of pregnancy, and growth and invasion by choriocarcinoma cells. hCG free beta-subunit is produced by numerous non-trophoblastic malignancies of different primaries. The detection of free beta-subunit in these malignancies is generally considered a sign of poor prognosis. The free beta-subunit blocks apoptosis in cancer cells and promotes the growth and malignancy of the cancer. Pituitary hCG is a sulfated variant of hCG produced at low levels during the menstrual cycle. Pituitary hCG seems to mimic luteinizing hormone actions during the menstrual cycle. PMID:20735820

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) after rectal administration of hollow-type suppositories containing hCG.

PubMed

Kowari, Kouji; Hirosawa, Iori; Kurai, Hirono; Utoguchi, Naoki; Fujii, Makiko; Watanabe, Yoshiteru

2002-05-01

To determine the effectiveness of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) administered rectally, we studied the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of hCG using a hollow-type suppository. HCG was not detected in plasma when only hCG was administered rectally, even at a higher dose (4,000 IU/kg body weight) than intravenous injection, because of its low bioavailability due to high molecular weight or degradation by proteolytic activity. To enhance the rectal absorption of hCG, the effectiveness of its coadministration with alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CyD), an absorption-enhancing agent, was investigated in male rabbits. HCG was detected in plasma following coadministration of hCG and alpha-CyD (10 mg/kg body weight) into the rectum. The plasma hCG concentration increased with increasing dose of alpha-CyD. The AUC(0-48) observed after coadministration of hCG and alpha-CyD at 30 mg/kg body weight was approximately four times higher than that of hCG and alpha-CyD at 10mg/kg body weight. HCG at a high concentration induced a rapid increase in the plasma testosterone concentration (74.2 +/- 3.4 ng/ml) 2 h after intravenous administration. However, the testosterone concentration 24 h after intravenous administration decreased to the physiological level (approximately 20 ng/ml) which had been observed before such administration. On the other hand, the maximum level of testosterone concentration (40.0 +/- 12.6 ng/ml) was observed 24 h after rectal administration of hCG (400 IU/kg body weight) in combination with alpha-CyD (30 mg/kg body weight). Moreover, the plasma testosterone concentration (31.0 +/- 11.4 ng/ml) obtained 72 h after rectal administration tended to be maintained at a higher level than that (14.4 +/- 0.9ng/ml) observed before the administration. These results suggest that the hollow-type suppository as a rectal delivery system of hCG is promising as a new mode of hCG therapy.

Potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against Leishmania (L.) infantum: biological activity and structure-activity relationships.

PubMed

Pinto, Erika G; Santos, Isabela O; Schmidt, Thomas J; Borborema, Samanta E T; Ferreira, Vitor F; Rocha, David R; Tempone, Andre G

2014-01-01

Naphtoquinones have been used as promising scaffolds for drug design studies against protozoan parasites. Considering the highly toxic and limited therapeutic arsenal, the global negligence with tropical diseases and the elevated prevalence of co-morbidities especially in developing countries, the parasitic diseases caused by various Leishmania species (leishmaniasis) became a significant public health threat in 98 countries. The aim of this work was the evaluation of antileishmanial in vitro potential of thirty-six 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones obtained by a three component reaction of lawsone, the appropriate aldehyde and thiols adequately substituted, exploiting the in situ generation of o-quinonemethides (o-QM) via the Knoevenagel condensation. The antileishmanial activity of the naphthoquinone derivatives was evaluated against promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and their cytotoxicity was verified in mammalian cells. Among the thirty-six compounds, twenty-seven were effective against promastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 8 to 189 µM; fourteen compounds eliminated the intracellular amastigotes, with IC50 values ranging from 12 to 65 µM. The compounds containing the phenyl groups at R1 and R2 and with the fluorine substituent at the phenyl ring at R2, rendered the most promising activity, demonstrating a selectivity index higher than 15 against amastigotes. A QSAR (quantitative structure activity relationship) analysis yielded insights into general structural requirements for activity of most compounds in the series. Considering the in vitro antileishmanial potential of 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones and their structure-activity relationships, novel lead candidates could be exploited in future drug design studies for leishmaniasis.

47 CFR 90.248 - Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking. 90.248... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Non-Voice and Other Specialized Operations § 90.248 Wildlife... tracking of, and the telemetry of scientific data from, ocean buoys and animal wildlife. (b) Transmitters...

47 CFR 90.248 - Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking. 90.248... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Non-Voice and Other Specialized Operations § 90.248 Wildlife... tracking of, and the telemetry of scientific data from, ocean buoys and animal wildlife. (b) Transmitters...

47 CFR 90.248 - Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking. 90.248... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Non-Voice and Other Specialized Operations § 90.248 Wildlife... tracking of, and the telemetry of scientific data from, ocean buoys and animal wildlife. (b) Transmitters...

47 CFR 90.248 - Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking. 90.248... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Non-Voice and Other Specialized Operations § 90.248 Wildlife... tracking of, and the telemetry of scientific data from, ocean buoys and animal wildlife. (b) Transmitters...

47 CFR 90.248 - Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Wildlife and ocean buoy tracking. 90.248... SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Non-Voice and Other Specialized Operations § 90.248 Wildlife... tracking of, and the telemetry of scientific data from, ocean buoys and animal wildlife. (b) Transmitters...

Differences in Signal Activation by LH and hCG are Mediated by the LH/CG Receptor’s Extracellular Hinge Region

PubMed Central

Grzesik, Paul; Kreuchwig, Annika; Rutz, Claudia; Furkert, Jens; Wiesner, Burkhard; Schuelein, Ralf; Kleinau, Gunnar; Gromoll, Joerg; Krause, Gerd

2015-01-01

The human lutropin (hLH)/choriogonadotropin (hCG) receptor (LHCGR) can be activated by binding two slightly different gonadotropic glycoprotein hormones, choriogonadotropin (CG) – secreted by the placenta, and lutropin (LH) – produced by the pituitary. They induce different signaling profiles at the LHCGR. This cannot be explained by binding to the receptor’s leucine-rich-repeat domain (LRRD), as this binding is similar for the two hormones. We therefore speculate that there are previously unknown differences in the hormone/receptor interaction at the extracellular hinge region, which might help to understand functional differences between the two hormones. We have therefore performed a detailed study of the binding and action of LH and CG at the LHCGR hinge region. We focused on a primate-specific additional exon in the hinge region, which is located between LRRD and the serpentine domain. The segment of the hinge region encoded by exon10 was previously reported to be only relevant to hLH signaling, as the exon10-deletion receptor exhibits decreased hLH signaling, but unchanged hCG signaling. We designed an advanced homology model of the hormone/LHCGR complex, followed by experimental characterization of relevant fragments in the hinge region. In addition, we examined predictions of a helical exon10-encoded conformation by block-wise polyalanine (helix supporting) mutations. These helix preserving modifications showed no effect on hormone-induced signaling. However, introduction of a structure-disturbing double-proline mutant LHCGR-Q303P/E305P within the exon10-helix has, in contrast to exon10-deletion, no impact on hLH, but only on hCG signaling. This opposite effect on signaling by hLH and hCG can be explained by distinct sites of hormone interaction in the hinge region. In conclusion, our analysis provides details of the differences between hLH- and hCG-induced signaling that are mainly determined in the L2-beta loop of the hormones and in the

New oxirane derivatives of 1,4-naphthoquinones and their evaluation against T. cruzi epimastigote forms.

PubMed

Carneiro, Paula F; do Nascimento, Samara B; Pinto, Antonio V; Pinto, Maria do Carmo F R; Lechuga, Guilherme C; Santos, Dilvani O; dos Santos Júnior, Helvécio M; Resende, Jackson A L C; Bourguignon, Saulo C; Ferreira, Vitor F

2012-08-15

New oxirane derivatives were synthesized using six naphthoquinones as the starting materials. Our biological results showed that these oxiranes acted as trypanocidal agents against Trypanosoma cruzi with minimal cytotoxicity in the VERO cell line compared to naphthoquinones. In particular, oxirane derivative 14 showed low cytotoxicity in a mammalian cell line and exhibited better activity against epimastigote forms of T.cruzi than the current drug used to treat Chagas disease, benznidazole. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Studies on photoinduced H-atom and electron transfer reactions of o-naphthoquinones by laser flash photolysis.

PubMed

Pan, Yang; Fu, Yao; Liu, Shaoxiong; Yu, Haizhu; Gao, Yuhe; Guo, Qingxiang; Yu, Shuqin

2006-06-15

The quenching of the triplets of 1,2-naphthoquinone (NQ) and 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonic acid sodium salt (NQS) by various electron and H-atom donors was investigated by laser flash photolysis measurement in acetonitrile and benzene. The results showed that the reactivities and configurations of 3NQ* (3NQS*) are governed by solvent polarity. All the quenching rate constants (kq) measured in benzene are larger than those in acetonitrile. The SO3Na substituent at the C-4 position of NQS makes 3NQS* more reactive than 3NQ* in electron/H-atom transfer reactions. Large differences of kq values were discovered in H-atom transfer reactions for alcohols and phenols, which can be explained by different H-abstraction mechanisms. Detection of radical cations of amines/anilines in time-resolved transient absorption spectra confirms an electron transfer mechanism. Triplets are identified as precursors of formed radical anions of NQ and NQS in photoinduced reactions. The dependence of electron transfer rate constants on the free energy changes (DeltaG) was treated by using the Rehm-Weller equation. For the four anilines with different substituents on the para or meta position of amidocyanogen, good correlation between log kq values with Hammett sigma constants testifies the correctness of empirical Hammett equation. Charge density distributions, adiabatic ionization/affinity potentials and redox potentials of NQ (NQS) and some quenchers were studied by quantum chemistry calculation.

Internalization of Rat FSH and LH/CG Receptors by rec-eCG in CHO-K1 Cells.

PubMed

Park, Jong-Ju; Seong, Hun-Ki; Kim, Jeong-Soo; Munkhzaya, Byambaragchaa; Kang, Myung-Hwa; Min, Kwan-Sik

2017-06-01

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) is a unique molecule that elicits the response characteristics of both follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) in other species. Previous studies from this laboratory had demonstrated that recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO-K1) cells exhibited both FSH- and LH-like activity in rat granulosa and Leydig cells. In this study, we analyzed receptor internalization through rec-eCGs, wild type eCG (eCGβ/α) and mutant eCG (eCGβ/αΔ56) with an N-linked oligosaccharide at Asn 56 of the α-subunit. Both the rec-eCGs were obtained from CHO-K1 cells. The agonist activation of receptors was analyzed by measuring stimulation time and concentrations of rec-eCGs. Internalization values in the stably selected rat follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (rFSHR) and rat luteinizing/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (rLH/CGR) were highest at 50 min after stimulation with 10 ng of rec-eCGβ/α. The dose-dependent response was highest when 10 ng of rec-eCGβ/α was used. The deglycosylated eCGβ/αΔ56 mutant did not enhance the agonist-stimulated internalization. We concluded that the state of activation of rFSHR and rLH/CGR could be modulated through agonist-stimulated internalization. Our results suggested that the eLH/CGRs are mostly internalized within 60 min by agonist-stimulation by rec-eCG. We also suggested that the lack of responsiveness of the deglycosylated eCGβ/ αΔ56 was likely because the site of glycosylation played a pivotal role in agonist-stimulated internalization in cells expressing rFSHR and rLH/CGR.

hCG Test (Pregnancy Test)

MedlinePlus

... Time and International Normalized Ratio (PT/INR) PSEN1 Quantitative Immunoglobulins Red Blood Cell (RBC) Antibody Identification Red ... Us Also Known As Pregnancy Test Qualitative hCG Quantitative hCG Beta hCG Total hCG Total beta hCG ...

42 CFR 24.8 - Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. 24.8 Section 24.8 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.8 Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. (a...

42 CFR 24.8 - Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. 24.8 Section 24.8 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.8 Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. (a...

42 CFR 24.8 - Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. 24.8 Section 24.8 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.8 Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. (a...

42 CFR 24.8 - Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. 24.8 Section 24.8 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.8 Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. (a...

42 CFR 24.8 - Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. 24.8 Section 24.8 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES PERSONNEL SENIOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH SERVICE § 24.8 Applicability of provisions of Title 5, U.S. Code. (a...

Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and haematological effects of aethiopinone, an o-naphthoquinone diterpenoid from Salvia aethiopis roots and two hemisynthetic derivatives.

PubMed

Hernández-Pérez, M; Rabanal, R M; de la Torre, M C; Rodríguez, B

1995-12-01

Aethiopinone (1), an o-naphthoquinone diterpene from Salvia aethiopis L. roots and two hemisynthetic derivatives 2 and 3 have been evaluated for toxicity, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, and haemostatic activities. The compounds tested showed low toxicity and a pharmacological profile similar to other NSAI substances on reducing the edema induced by carrageenan and contractions induced by phenyl-p-quinone; the most active compounds were 1 and 2. In the same way and as expected with these types of substances, the bleeding time increased. In the TPA-induced ear inflammation model, the three compounds showed a moderate reduction of edema, and 1 produced a significant increase in the reaction time against thermal painful stimuli in the tail immersion test. The results demonstrated strong anti-inflammatory, peripheral and central analgesic properties for 1, as well as antiedematose topical action and peripheral analgesic properties for 2 and 3.

Solid state of CG-400549, a novel FabI inhibitor: characterization, dissolution, transformation.

PubMed

Kim, Bo-Yeon; Sohn, Young-Taek

2011-05-01

The polymorphic and pseudopolymorphic forms of CG-400549, a novel FabI inhibitor with potent in vivo activity were prepared and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffractometry (PXRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Seven crystal forms of CG-400549, one anhydrate and six solvates, have been isolated by recrystallization and the DSC and PXRD patterns of the seven crystal forms of CG-400549 were different respectively. The dissolution patterns of these seven crystal forms of CG-400549 were studied and they showed significant differences in the dissolution rate. After storage of 1 month at 0% RH (silica gel, 20°C), 52% RH (saturated solution of Na(2)Cr(2)O(7)2H(2)O/20°C) and 95% RH (saturated solution of Na(2)HPO(4)/20°C), all crystal forms were not transformed.

O-naphthoquinone isolated from Capraria biflora L. induces selective cytotoxicity in tumor cell lines.

PubMed

de S Wisintainer, G G N; Scola, G; Moura, S; Lemos, T L G; Pessoa, C; de Moraes, M O; Souza, L G S; Roesch-Ely, M; Henriques, J A P

2015-12-21

Biflorin is an o-naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of the plant Capraria biflora L. (Scrophulariaceae). In this study, the cytotoxic effects of biflorin were verified, and late apoptosis was detected in various cancer cell lines by in situ analysis. The cytotoxicity was further evaluated exclusively for 48 h of treatment in different tumor and non-tumor cell lines (Hep-2, HeLa, HT-29, A-375, and A-549, and HEK-293, respectively). The results indicated that biflorin induced selective cytotoxicity in tumor cells. HeLa cells were more susceptible to biflorin, followed by HT-29, A-549, A-375, and Hep-2 at all concentrations (range 5-50 μg/mL), and the highest half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 (56.01 ± 1.17 μg/mL) was observed in HEK-293 cells. Late apoptotic/necrotic events, observed by in situ immunostaining with Annexin V, varied with each cell line; an increase in late apoptotic events was observed corresponding to the increase in biflorin dosage. Hep-2 cells showed a greater percentage of late apoptotic events among the tumor cell lines when treated with higher concentrations of biflorin (69.63 ± 2.28%). The non-tumor HEK-293 line showed greater resistance to late apoptotic events, as well as a lower level of cytotoxicity (77.69 ± 6.68%) than the tested tumor lines. The data presented indicate that biflorin showed an important, possibly selective, cytotoxicity against tumor cell lines, thereby revealing a promising novel substance with potential anticancer activity for tumor therapy.

7 CFR 248.7 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 248.7 Section 248.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.7...

7 CFR 248.7 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 248.7 Section 248.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.7...

7 CFR 248.7 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 248.7 Section 248.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.7...

7 CFR 248.7 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 248.7 Section 248.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.7...

7 CFR 248.7 - Nondiscrimination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nondiscrimination. 248.7 Section 248.7 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.7...

Kathon CG and cosmetic products.

PubMed

Rastogi, S C

1990-03-01

Kathon CG was determined in 156 of the most commonly used cosmetic products in Denmark. 42% of the cosmetic products were found to contain Kathon CG. Kathon CG was present in 48% of "rinse off" and 31% of "leave on" cosmetic products. The 3:1 ratio of chloromethyl isothiazolinone (CMI): methyl isothiazolinone (MI) in Kathon CG was found to be disturbed in 41% of Kathon CG preserved cosmetic products. The disturbed CMI/MI ratio was shown in 29% "rinse off" and 73% "leave on" cosmetic products. It is suggested that the chemical reaction of the ketone group of the isothizaolinones with other ingredients in cosmetic products may disturb the CMI/MI ratio of Kathon CG. The results of the study have been discussed in relation to the use of Kathon CG in cosmetic products as well as test material for allergic reaction.

14 CFR 248.1 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 248.1 Section 248.1 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS SUBMISSION OF AUDIT REPORTS § 248.1 Applicability. The requirements of this part shall be...

Naphthoquinones from the leaves of Rhinacanthus nasutus having acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and cytotoxic activities.

PubMed

Boonyaketgoson, Sirada; Rukachaisirikul, Vatcharin; Phongpaichit, Souwalak; Trisuwan, Kongkiat

2018-01-01

Four new naphthoquinones (1-4), named rhinacanthins S (1), T (2), U (3) and V (4), together with 13 known naphthoquinones were isolated from the leaf extract of Rhinacanthus nasutus. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, especially 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Rhinacanthin S (1) exhibited acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity with a % inhibition value of 48.04±3.25. The known rhinacanthin A (5) showed cytotoxicity against a MCF-7 cell line with an IC 50 value of 8.79μM, while rhinacanthin N (15) was active against the NCI-H187 cell line with an IC 50 =2.24μM and Vero cells (IC 50 =3.00μM). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 248.18 - Audits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Audits. 248.18 Section 248.18 Agriculture Regulations... Agencies § 248.18 Audits. (a) Federal access to information. The Secretary, the Comptroller General of the... the purpose of making surveys, audits, examinations, excerpts, and transcripts. (b) State agency...

17 CFR 248.102 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Examples. 248.102 Section 248.102 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.102 Examples. The examples...

17 CFR 248.102 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Examples. 248.102 Section 248.102 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.102 Examples. The examples in this...

17 CFR 248.102 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Examples. 248.102 Section 248.102 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.102 Examples. The examples in this...

17 CFR 248.102 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Examples. 248.102 Section 248.102 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.102 Examples. The examples in this...

17 CFR 248.102 - Examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Examples. 248.102 Section 248... AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.102 Examples. The examples in this subpart are not exclusive. The examples in this subpart provide guidance concerning the rules' application...

The Drosophila genes CG14593 and CG30106 code for G-protein-coupled receptors specifically activated by the neuropeptides CCHamide-1 and CCHamide-2.

PubMed

Hansen, Karina K; Hauser, Frank; Williamson, Michael; Weber, Stine B; Grimmelikhuijzen, Cornelis J P

2011-01-07

Recently, a novel neuropeptide, CCHamide, was discovered in the silkworm Bombyx mori (L. Roller et al., Insect Biochem. Mol. Biol. 38 (2008) 1147-1157). We have now found that all insects with a sequenced genome have two genes, each coding for a different CCHamide, CCHamide-1 and -2. We have also cloned and deorphanized two Drosophila G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) coded for by genes CG14593 and CG30106 that are selectively activated by Drosophila CCH-amide-1 (EC(50), 2×10(-9) M) and CCH-amide-2 (EC(50), 5×10(-9) M), respectively. Gene CG30106 (symbol synonym CG14484) has in a previous publication (E.C. Johnson et al., J. Biol. Chem. 278 (2003) 52172-52178) been wrongly assigned to code for an allatostatin-B receptor. This conclusion is based on our findings that the allatostatins-B do not activate the CG30106 receptor and on the recent findings from other research groups that the allatostatins-B activate an unrelated GPCR coded for by gene CG16752. Comparative genomics suggests that a duplication of the CCHamide neuropeptide signalling system occurred after the split of crustaceans and insects, about 410 million years ago, because only one CCHamide neuropeptide gene is found in the water flea Daphnia pulex (Crustacea) and the tick Ixodes scapularis (Chelicerata). Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

25 CFR 248.6 - Structures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Structures. 248.6 Section 248.6 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FISH AND WILDLIFE USE OF COLUMBIA RIVER INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.6 Structures. Dwellings, camping facilities, and other structures such as fish drying facilities...

24 CFR 248.420 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 248.420 Section 248... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Technical Assistance and Capacity Building § 248.420 Definitions...) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (2) Has been in existence for at least two years prior to the...

24 CFR 248.420 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 248.420 Section 248... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Technical Assistance and Capacity Building § 248.420 Definitions...) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (2) Has been in existence for at least two years prior to the...

24 CFR 248.420 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 248.420 Section 248... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Technical Assistance and Capacity Building § 248.420 Definitions...) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (2) Has been in existence for at least two years prior to the...

24 CFR 248.420 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 248.420 Section 248... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Technical Assistance and Capacity Building § 248.420 Definitions...) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (2) Has been in existence for at least two years prior to the...

24 CFR 248.420 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 248.420 Section 248... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Technical Assistance and Capacity Building § 248.420 Definitions...) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986; (2) Has been in existence for at least two years prior to the...

Single-electron transfer in palladium complexes of 1,4-naphthoquinone-containing bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligands.

PubMed

Scheuermann, Sebastian; Sarkar, Biprajit; Bolte, Michael; Bats, Jan W; Lerner, Hans-Wolfram; Wagner, Matthias

2009-10-05

A 1,4-naphthoquinone-substituted bis(pyrazol-1-yl)methane ligand (N--N) has been synthesized and transformed into its corresponding Pd(II) chelate complex [(N--N)PdCl(2)]. Both N--N and [(N--N)PdCl(2)] have been fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy, spectro-electrochemistry, and X-ray crystallography. After treatment of [(N--N)PdCl(2)] with NEt(3), the signature of a 1,4-naphthosemiquinonate radical is visible in the UV-vis- and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrum of the reaction mixture; the free ligand N--N does not react with NEt(3) under the conditions applied. It is therefore concluded that NEt(3) first reduces the Pd(II)-ion of [(N--N)PdCl(2)] to the zero-valent state and that this reaction is followed by a single-electron transfer from the metal atom to the 1,4-naphthoquinone moiety. The complex has been specifically designed to disfavor any direct Pd-to-naphthoquinone coordination. Electron transfer thus proceeds through space or, less likely, via sigma-bonds of the ligand framework.

Star formation, structure, and formation mechanism of cometary globules: near-infrared observations of CG 1 and CG 2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mäkelä, M. M.; Haikala, L. K.

2013-02-01

Context. Cometary globule (CG) 1 and CG 2 are "classic" cometary globules in the Gum Nebula. They have compact heads and long dusty tails that point away from the centre of the Gum Nebula. Aims: We study the structure of CG 1 and CG 2 and the star formation in them to find clues to the CG formation mechanism. The two possible CG formation mechanisms, radiation-driven implosion (RDI) and a supernova blast wave, produce a characteristic mass distribution where the major part of the mass is situated in either the head (RDI) or the tail (supernova blast). Methods: CG 1 and CG 2 were imaged in the near infrared (NIR) JsHKs bands. NIR photometry was used to locate NIR excess objects and to create visual extinction maps of the CGs. The AV maps allow us to analyse the large-scale structure of CG 1 and CG 2. Archival images from the WISE and Spitzer satellites and HIRES-processed IRAS images were used to study the globule's small-scale structure. Fits were made to the spectral energy distribution plots of the NIR-excess stars to estimate their age and mass. Results: In addition to the previously known CG 1 IRS 1 we discovered three new NIR-excess objects in IR imaging, two in CG 1 and one in CG 2. CG 2 IRS 1 is the first detection of star formation in CG 2. The objects are young low-mass stars. CG 1 IRS 1 is probably a class I protostar in the head of CG 1. CG 1 IRS 1 drives a bipolar outflow, which is very weak in CO, but the cavity walls are seen in reflected light in our NIR and in the Spitzer 3.6 and 4.5 μm images. Strong emission from excited polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon particles and very small grains were detected in the CG 1 tail. The total mass of CG 1 in the observed area is 41.9 M⊙ of which 16.8 M⊙ lies in the head. For CG 2 these values are 31.0 M⊙ total and 19.1 M⊙ in the head. The observed mass distribution does not offer a firm conclusion for the formation mechanism of the two CGs: CG 1 is in too evolved a state, and in CG 2 part of the globule

Establishing reference intervals for hCG in postmenopausal women.

PubMed

Patel, Khushbu K; Qavi, Abraham J; Hock, Karl G; Gronowski, Ann M

2017-03-01

Plasma concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) have been shown to increase with age due to pituitary secretion. We previously recommended that an hCG cutoff of 14.0IU/L be used for women ≥55years of age. However, it remains unknown whether concentrations >14.0IU/L can be expected in women with advanced age. Our objectives were to establish plasma hCG reference intervals and correlate follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and hCG concentrations in postmenopausal females ≥55years. Residual plasma samples from 798 women ≥55years were utilized with 303, 269, and 226 samples belonging to the age groups 55-69, 70-84, and ≥85years, respectively. FSH and hCG were measured using the Abbott ARCHITECT. All positive hCG samples (hCG ≥5IU/L) were analyzed for potential heterophile antibody interference and 3 were excluded. Electronic medical records were reviewed and patients with malignancy were excluded. 8% (56/666) of women age≥55years had plasma hCG ≥5IU/L. There were 19, 16, and 21 patients with hCG ≥5IU/L in the age groups 55-69, 70-84, and ≥85years, respectively. The highest hCG concentrations observed in each age group were: 55-69years maximum=11.7IU/L and 97.5th percentile=9.6IU/L; 70-84years maximum=18.09IU/L, 97.5th percentile=6.2IU/L; ≥85years maximum=11.1IU/L and 97.5th percentile=10.0IU/L, and the overall 97.5th percentile=8.5IU/L for all women ≥55years of age. Neither hCG nor FSH concentrations continued to increase with age in women ≥55years. The prevalence of positive hCG in women ≥55years is 8%. This study confirms our previously recommended cutoff of 14IU/L for women ≥55years of age. In women ≥55years of age, FSH concentrations do not predict hCG concentrations. Copyright © 2016 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Urinary hCG patterns during the week following implantation

PubMed Central

Nepomnaschy, PA; Weinberg, CR; Wilcox, AJ; Baird, DD

2013-01-01

BACKGROUND Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is used to monitor pregnancy status. Yet the pattern of hCG excretion in the first week following implantation has not been adequately described. OBJECTIVE To describe hCG's average profile and its variability during the 7 days following estimated implantation in a population of naturally-conceived pregnancies. METHODS We measured daily hCG concentrations in first-morning urine for 142 clinical pregnancies from women with no known fertility problems. Mixed-effects regression models were used to estimate the hCG trajectory and its variability in relation to pregnancy outcomes. RESULTS HCG rose three-fold between the day of detection and the next day (95% CI = 2.7–3.4). The relative rate of rise decreased thereafter, reaching 1.6-fold (95% CI = 1.5–1.8) between days 6 and 7. HCG levels followed a log-quadratic trajectory, and the patterns of rise were unrelated to number of fetuses, risk of miscarriage, or sex of the baby. Later implantations (after 10 luteal days) produced slower rates of increase. CONCLUSIONS While mean hCG follows a log-quadratic trajectory during the first week of detectability, there is high variability across pregnancies. Later implantation may reflect characteristics of the uterus or conceptus that slow hCG production. PMID:18083748

Comparison of antimicrobial activities of naphthoquinones from Impatiens balsamina.

PubMed

Sakunphueak, Athip; Panichayupakaranant, Pharkphoom

2012-01-01

Lawsone (1), lawsone methyl ether (2), and methylene-3,3'-bilawsone (3) are the main naphthoquinones in the leaf extracts of Impatiens balsamina L. (Balsaminaceae). Antimicrobial activities of these three naphthoquinones against dermatophyte fungi, yeast, aerobic bacteria and facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria were evaluated by determination of minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimal bactericidal or fungicidal concentrations (MBCs or MFCs) using a modified agar dilution method. Compound 2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity. It showed antifungal activity against dermatophyte fungi and Candida albicans with the MICs and MFCs in the ranges of 3.9-23.4 and 7.8-23.4 µg mL(-1), respectively, and also had some antibacterial activity against aerobic, facultative anaerobic and anaerobic bacteria with MICs in the range of 23.4-93.8, 31.2-62.5 and 125 µg mL(-1), respectively. Compound 1 showed only moderate antimicrobial activity against dermatophytes (MICs and MFCs in the ranges of 62.5-250 and 125-250 µg mL(-1), respectively), but had low potency against aerobic bacteria, and was not active against C. albicans and facultative anaerobic bacteria. In contrast, 3 showed significant antimicrobial activity only against Staphylococus epidermidis and Bacillus subtilis (MIC and MBC of 46.9 and 93.8 µg mL(-1), respectively).

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

48 CFR 52.248-3 - Value Engineering-Construction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Value Engineering....248-3 Value Engineering—Construction. As prescribed in 48.202, insert the following clause: Value Engineering—Construction (OCT 2010) (a) General. The Contractor is encouraged to develop, prepare, and submit...

7 CFR 248.13 - FMNP income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false FMNP income. 248.13 Section 248.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.13...

7 CFR 248.15 - Closeout procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Closeout procedures. 248.15 Section 248.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.15...

7 CFR 248.25 - FMNP information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false FMNP information. 248.25 Section 248.25 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.25...

7 CFR 248.6 - Recipient eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Recipient eligibility. 248.6 Section 248.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.6...

7 CFR 248.13 - FMNP income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false FMNP income. 248.13 Section 248.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.13...

7 CFR 248.9 - Nutrition education.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Nutrition education. 248.9 Section 248.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Benefits § 248.9...

7 CFR 248.15 - Closeout procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Closeout procedures. 248.15 Section 248.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.15...

7 CFR 248.13 - FMNP income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false FMNP income. 248.13 Section 248.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.13...

7 CFR 248.9 - Nutrition education.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Nutrition education. 248.9 Section 248.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Benefits § 248.9...

7 CFR 248.6 - Recipient eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Recipient eligibility. 248.6 Section 248.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.6...

7 CFR 248.9 - Nutrition education.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nutrition education. 248.9 Section 248.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Benefits § 248.9...

7 CFR 248.24 - Other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Other provisions. 248.24 Section 248.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.24...

7 CFR 248.6 - Recipient eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Recipient eligibility. 248.6 Section 248.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.6...

7 CFR 248.24 - Other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Other provisions. 248.24 Section 248.24 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.24...

7 CFR 248.25 - FMNP information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false FMNP information. 248.25 Section 248.25 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.25...

7 CFR 248.6 - Recipient eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Recipient eligibility. 248.6 Section 248.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.6...

7 CFR 248.13 - FMNP income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false FMNP income. 248.13 Section 248.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.13...

7 CFR 248.15 - Closeout procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Closeout procedures. 248.15 Section 248.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.15...

7 CFR 248.9 - Nutrition education.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Nutrition education. 248.9 Section 248.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Benefits § 248.9...

7 CFR 248.25 - FMNP information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false FMNP information. 248.25 Section 248.25 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.25...

7 CFR 248.9 - Nutrition education.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Nutrition education. 248.9 Section 248.9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Benefits § 248.9...

7 CFR 248.15 - Closeout procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Closeout procedures. 248.15 Section 248.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.15...

7 CFR 248.15 - Closeout procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Closeout procedures. 248.15 Section 248.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.15...

7 CFR 248.25 - FMNP information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false FMNP information. 248.25 Section 248.25 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.25...

7 CFR 248.13 - FMNP income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false FMNP income. 248.13 Section 248.13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.13...

7 CFR 248.25 - FMNP information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false FMNP information. 248.25 Section 248.25 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.25...

7 CFR 248.6 - Recipient eligibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Recipient eligibility. 248.6 Section 248.6 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient Eligibility § 248.6...

The Synthesis of 2-acetyl-1,4-naphthoquinone: A Multi-step Synthesis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Ivan R.

1982-01-01

Outlines 2 procedures for synthesizing 2-acetyl-1,4-naphthoquinone to compare relative merits of the two pathways. The major objective of the exercise is to demonstrate that certain factors should be considered when selecting a pathway for synthesis including availability of starting materials, cost of reagents, number of steps involved,…

Functional Reconstitution into Liposomes of Purified Human RhCG Ammonia Channel

PubMed Central

Mouro-Chanteloup, Isabelle; Cochet, Sylvie; Chami, Mohamed; Genetet, Sandrine; Zidi-Yahiaoui, Nedjma; Engel, Andreas; Colin, Yves; Bertrand, Olivier; Ripoche, Pierre

2010-01-01

Background Rh glycoproteins (RhAG, RhBG, RhCG) are members of the Amt/Mep/Rh family which facilitate movement of ammonium across plasma membranes. Changes in ammonium transport activity following expression of Rh glycoproteins have been described in different heterologous systems such as yeasts, oocytes and eukaryotic cell lines. However, in these complex systems, a potential contribution of endogenous proteins to this function cannot be excluded. To demonstrate that Rh glycoproteins by themselves transport NH3, human RhCG was purified to homogeneity and reconstituted into liposomes, giving new insights into its channel functional properties. Methodology/Principal Findings An HA-tag introduced in the second extracellular loop of RhCG was used to purify to homogeneity the HA-tagged RhCG glycoprotein from detergent-solubilized recombinant HEK293E cells. Electron microscopy analysis of negatively stained purified RhCG-HA revealed, after image processing, homogeneous particles of 9 nm diameter with a trimeric protein structure. Reconstitution was performed with sphingomyelin, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid lipids in the presence of the C12E8 detergent which was subsequently removed by Biobeads. Control of protein incorporation was carried out by freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Particle density in liposomes was a function of the Lipid/Protein ratio. When compared to empty liposomes, ammonium permeability was increased two and three fold in RhCG-proteoliposomes, depending on the Lipid/Protein ratio (1/300 and 1/150, respectively). This strong NH3 transport was reversibly inhibited by mercuric and copper salts and exhibited a low Arrhenius activation energy. Conclusions/Significance This study allowed the determination of ammonia permeability per RhCG monomer, showing that the apparent PunitNH3 (around 1×10−3 µm3.s−1) is close to the permeability measured in HEK293E cells expressing a recombinant human RhCG (1.60×10−3 µm3.s−1), and in human red

7 CFR 946.248 - Assessment rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Assessment rate. 946.248 Section 946.248 Agriculture... Rules and Regulations Modification of Inspection Requirements § 946.248 Assessment rate. On and after July 1, 2011, an assessment rate of $0.003 per hundredweight is established for Washington potatoes...

7 CFR 946.248 - Assessment rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Assessment rate. 946.248 Section 946.248 Agriculture... Rules and Regulations Modification of Inspection Requirements § 946.248 Assessment rate. On and after July 1, 2005, an assessment rate of $0.0035 per hundredweight is established for Washington potatoes...

7 CFR 946.248 - Assessment rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Assessment rate. 946.248 Section 946.248 Agriculture... Rules and Regulations Modification of Inspection Requirements § 946.248 Assessment rate. On and after July 1, 2013, an assessment rate of $0.0025 per hundredweight is established for Washington potatoes...

7 CFR 946.248 - Assessment rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Assessment rate. 946.248 Section 946.248 Agriculture... Rules and Regulations Modification of Inspection Requirements § 946.248 Assessment rate. On and after July 1, 2005, an assessment rate of $0.0035 per hundredweight is established for Washington potatoes...

7 CFR 946.248 - Assessment rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Assessment rate. 946.248 Section 946.248 Agriculture... Rules and Regulations Modification of Inspection Requirements § 946.248 Assessment rate. On and after July 1, 2011, an assessment rate of $0.003 per hundredweight is established for Washington potatoes...

Ten tandem repeats of {beta}-hCG 109-118 enhance immunogenicity and anti-tumor effects of {beta}-hCG C-terminal peptide carried by mycobacterial heat-shock protein HSP65

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang Yankai; Yan Rong; He Yi

2006-07-14

The {beta}-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin ({beta}-hCG) is secreted by many kinds of tumors and it has been used as an ideal target antigen to develop vaccines against tumors. In view of the low immunogenicity of this self-peptide,we designed a method based on isocaudamer technique to repeat tandemly the 10-residue sequence X of {beta}-hCG (109-118), then 10 tandemly repeated copies of the 10-residue sequence combined with {beta}-hCG C-terminal 37 peptides were fused to mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 to construct a fusion protein HSP65-X10-{beta}hCGCTP37 as an immunogen. In this study, we examined the effect of the tandem repeats of this 10-residuemore » sequence in eliciting an immune by comparing the immunogenicity and anti-tumor effects of the two immunogens, HSP65-X10-{beta}hCGCTP37 and HSP65-{beta}hCGCTP37 (without the 10 tandem repeats). Immunization of mice with the fusion protein HSP65-X10-{beta}hCGCTP37 elicited much higher levels of specific anti-{beta}-hCG antibodies and more effectively inhibited the growth of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) in vivo than with HSP65-{beta}hCGCTP37, which should suggest that HSP65-X10-{beta}hCGCTP37 may be an effective protein vaccine for the treatment of {beta}-hCG-dependent tumors and multiple tandem repeats of a certain epitope are an efficient method to overcome the low immunogenicity of self-peptide antigens.« less

hCG, the wonder of today's science

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background hCG is a wonder. Firstly, because hCG is such an extreme molecule. hCG is the most acidic glycoprotein containing the highest proportion of sugars. Secondly, hCG exists in 5 common forms. Finally, it has so many functions ranging from control of human pregnancy to human cancer. This review examines these molecules in detail. Content These 5 molecules, hCG, sulfated hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG, hCG free beta and hyperglycosylated free beta are produced by placental syncytiotrophoblast cells and pituitary gonadotrope cells (group 1), and by placental cytotrophoblast cells and human malignancies (group 2). Group 1 molecules are both hormones that act on the hCG/LH receptor. These molecules are central to human menstrual cycle and human pregnancy. Group 2 molecules are autocrines, that act by antagonizing a TGF beta receptor. These molecules are critical to all advanced malignancies. Conclusions The hCG groups are molecules critical to both the molecules of pregnancy or human life, and to the advancement of cancer, or human death. PMID:22455390

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the secretome of cultured embryos: hyperglycosylated hCG and hCG-free beta subunit are potential markers for infertility management and treatment.

PubMed

Butler, Stephen A; Luttoo, Jameel; Freire, Maísa O T; Abban, Thomas K; Borrelli, Paola T A; Iles, Ray K

2013-09-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by trophoblast cells throughout pregnancy, and gene expression studies have indicated that hCG-beta subunit (hCGβ) expression is active at the 2 blastomere stage. Here, we investigated the qualitative hCG output of developing embryos in culture and hCG isoforms expressed in the secretome as a novel sensitive method for detecting hCG. Culture media was collected from the culture plates of 118 embryos in culture (including controls and embryos at different stages of culture) from 16 patients undergoing routine fertility treatment. The hCGβ was detectable in media from 2 pronuclear (2PN) stage embryos through to the blastocyst stage. The hCGβ was absent in 1PN and arrested embryos as well as all media controls. Prior to hatching, hyperglycosylated hCG (hCGh) was observed selectively in 3PN embryos, but after hatching, along with hCG, became the dominant hCG molecule observed. We have reported at the 2PN stage the earliest evidence of hCGβ expression in embryos. There is a suggestion this may be indicative of quality in early embryos, and hCGh seen at the pronuclear stage may suggest triploid abnormality. The dominance of hCG, and hCGh expression, seen after blastocyst hatching may be indicative of potential implantation success. Thus, hCG isoforms have potential roles as biomarkers of embryo viability for embryo/blastocyst transfer.

Lowered reference limits for hCG improve follow-up of patients with hCG-producing tumors.

PubMed

Nome, Ragnhild V; Bjøro, Trine; Paus, Elisabeth; Bjerner, Johan; Fosså, Sophie D; Steen, Rita; Nustad, Kjell; Bolstad, Nils

2018-02-01

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) is produced by germ cell tumors, but can also be elevated in benign conditions such as primary hypogonadism, where hCG is produced by the pituitary gland. In our experience, the reference limits for hCG (Elecsys hCG+β-assay, Roche Diagnostics), were unnecessarily high and did not reflect levels encountered in clinical practice. We wanted to establish new reference limits to increase the clinical utility of the hCG-assay. We analysed hCG in serum samples from a healthy adult population and in a cohort of testicular cancer survivors. The gonadotropins LH and FSH were measured in the cohort and in a selection of the reference population to assess gonadal function. We found low hCG levels for all men and women <45years (97.5 percentiles 0.1 and 0.2IU/L, respectively) from the healthy population (n=795) having normal FSH and LH. Due to assay limitations, we suggest a common reference limit of <0.3IU/L. For the age group ≥45, the 97.5 percentiles in the healthy population were 0.5IU/L for men and 6.0IU/L for women. In all subjects from both the reference population and the cohort (n=732), hCG levels exceeding the reference limit could be fully explained by reduced gonadal function indicated by elevated LH and FSH levels. The Elecsys hCG+β-assay should have lower reference limits than recommended by the manufacturer, with important implications for tumor follow-up. Elevated hCG is rare with intact gonadal function, both in a normal population and among survivors of testicular cancer, and should lead to further investigations when encountered in clinical practice. Copyright © 2017 Oslo University Hospital. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The naphthoquinone diospyrin is an inhibitor of DNA gyrase with a novel mechanism of action.

PubMed

Karkare, Shantanu; Chung, Terence T H; Collin, Frederic; Mitchenall, Lesley A; McKay, Adam R; Greive, Sandra J; Meyer, Jacobus J M; Lall, Namrita; Maxwell, Anthony

2013-02-15

Tuberculosis and other bacterial diseases represent a significant threat to human health. The DNA topoisomerases are excellent targets for chemotherapy, and DNA gyrase in particular is a well-validated target for antibacterial agents. Naphthoquinones (e.g. diospyrin and 7-methyljuglone) have been shown to have therapeutic potential, particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have found that these compounds are inhibitors of the supercoiling reaction catalyzed by M. tuberculosis gyrase and other gyrases. Our evidence strongly suggests that the compounds bind to the N-terminal domain of GyrB, which contains the ATPase active site, but are not competitive inhibitors of the ATPase reaction. We propose that naphthoquinones bind to GyrB at a novel site close to the ATPase site. This novel mode of action could be exploited to develop new antibacterial agents.

The Naphthoquinone Diospyrin Is an Inhibitor of DNA Gyrase with a Novel Mechanism of Action*

PubMed Central

Karkare, Shantanu; Chung, Terence T. H.; Collin, Frederic; Mitchenall, Lesley A.; McKay, Adam R.; Greive, Sandra J.; Meyer, Jacobus J. M.; Lall, Namrita; Maxwell, Anthony

2013-01-01

Tuberculosis and other bacterial diseases represent a significant threat to human health. The DNA topoisomerases are excellent targets for chemotherapy, and DNA gyrase in particular is a well-validated target for antibacterial agents. Naphthoquinones (e.g. diospyrin and 7-methyljuglone) have been shown to have therapeutic potential, particularly against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We have found that these compounds are inhibitors of the supercoiling reaction catalyzed by M. tuberculosis gyrase and other gyrases. Our evidence strongly suggests that the compounds bind to the N-terminal domain of GyrB, which contains the ATPase active site, but are not competitive inhibitors of the ATPase reaction. We propose that naphthoquinones bind to GyrB at a novel site close to the ATPase site. This novel mode of action could be exploited to develop new antibacterial agents. PMID:23275348

The systematic regulation of oyster CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 in response to air exposure.

PubMed

Xin, Lusheng; Zhang, Huan; Du, Xinyu; Li, Yiqun; Li, Meijia; Wang, Lingling; Wang, Hao; Qiu, Limei; Song, Linsheng

2016-10-01

As a proinflammatory cytokine, vertebrate interleukin 17 (IL17) plays a vital role in the balance of inflammation and homeostasis, and is involved in a systemic regulation of glucose homeostasis. In the present study, a remarkable increase of glucose concentration was observed in oyster serum after 2 d air exposure, which was followed by a rapid up-regulation of CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5. After oysters was received an injection of extra glucose, the mRNA expressions of CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 were also significantly up-regulated. The histopathological changes of hepatopancreas were observed after the oysters were treated by the recombinant proteins of CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 in vivo or subjected to air exposure. A significant decrease of GSK3β (Glycogen synthase kinase-3β) protein was also observed after the injection of CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 recombinant proteins in vivo. When the oysters with CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 genes knocked down were subjected to air exposure, the decline of GSK3β concentration was slowed down and it could still be obviously detected after 7 d compared with that in the control. Meanwhile, the expression of CgDefensin and CgDFFA was inhibited, while CgIAP was up-regulated when CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 genes were knocked down, and the oysters exhibited higher mortality (p < 0.05) at 3 d, whereas lower at the late stage of air exposure compared with that in the controls. The results collectively suggested that once oysters were exposed to air, the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines CgIL17-1 and CgIL17-5 was induced by the up-regulated glucose concentration in oyster serum, which would be not only a negative feedback to the high glucose concentration through mediating the regulation of GSK3β, but also an inducer on tissue damage and immunocompetence as well as the adaptability to stresses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

hCG - related molecules and their measurement.

PubMed

Szczerba, Anna; Białas, Piotr; Pięta, Paweł Piotr; Jankowska, Anna

2016-01-01

Measurements of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) synthesized by trophoblast cells is a powerful tool of pregnancy monitoring. It was showed that similarly to pregnancy also trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic malignancies produce variety of hCG molecules. In urine and serum of both pregnant women and tumors patients a fifteen various forms of hCG, such as: regular hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG and predominant hyperglycosylated hCG free β, were identified. These forms might be useful in order to recognize between physiological and pathological pregnancies as well as cancers. Even the presence of these different hormone variants is well documented the commercially available biochemical tests detecting hCG failed to identified and distinguish among these forms. Especially hard is to identify glycan chains linked to heterodimer. Thus, a detailed analysis of hCG-related molecules produced during physiological and pathological condition, together with a new tests development are needed.

24 CFR 248.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose. 248.1 Section 248.1 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT...

Solid-phase receptor binding assay for /sup 125/I-hCG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bortolussi, M.; Selmin, O.; Colombatti, A.

1987-01-01

A solid-phase radioligand-receptor assay (RRA) to measure the binding of /sup 125/I-labelled human chorionic gonadotropin (/sup 125/I-hCG) to target cell membranes has been developed. The binding of /sup 125/I-hCG to membranes immobilized on the wells of microtitration plates reached a maximum at about 3 hours at 37 degrees C, was saturable, displayed a high affinity (Ka = 2.4 X 10(9) M-1) and was specifically inhibited by unlabelled hCG. In comparison with RRAs carried out with membranes in suspension, the solid-phase RRA is significantly simpler and much faster to perform as it avoids centrifugation or filtration procedures. The solid-phase RRA wasmore » adapted profitably to process large numbers of samples at the same time. It proved particularly useful as a screening assay to detect anti-hCG monoclonal antibodies with high inhibitory activity for binding of /sup 125/I-hCG to its receptors.« less

Pregnancy testing with hCG--future prospects.

PubMed

Berger, Peter; Sturgeon, Catharine

2014-12-01

Pregnancy tests for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) are used widely in hospital and home settings. Assays measuring hCG also have uses in prenatal screening and oncology. The output from three recent international workshops provides a framework for reliable measurement of hCG. Requirements for future hCG assays include use of clear descriptive nomenclature, informed selection of antibodies of well-defined epitope specificities, and design of robust methods. Tests will be precisely characterized and calibrated in SI units using six International Reference Reagents (IRR) for hCG and variants, and the Fifth International Standard for hCG 07/364, making it possible to report clinical results in molar units. These measures will help to increase patient safety by reducing the risk of erroneous or misleading hCG results. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 248.26 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false OMB control number. 248.26 Section 248.26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.26...

7 CFR 248.26 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false OMB control number. 248.26 Section 248.26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.26...

7 CFR 248.26 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false OMB control number. 248.26 Section 248.26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.26...

7 CFR 248.26 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false OMB control number. 248.26 Section 248.26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.26...

7 CFR 248.26 - OMB control number.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false OMB control number. 248.26 Section 248.26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.26...

Characterisation and functional comparison of single-CRD and multidomain containing galectins CgGal-2 and CgGal-3 from oyster Crassostrea gigas.

PubMed

Huang, Mengmeng; Zhou, Tao; Wu, Yuehong; Fei, Hui; Wang, Gaoyang; Li, Zhi; Lei, Yutong; Liu, Qian; Sun, Cong; Lv, Zhengbing; Xu, Xue-Wei

2018-04-18

Galectins are β-galactoside binding lectins that play crucial roles in innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates through their conserved carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). In the present study, single- and four-CRD-containing galectins were identified in oyster Crassostrea gigas (designated CgGal-2 and CgGal-3). The open reading frames (ORFs) of CgGal-2 and CgGal-3 encode polypeptides of 200 and 555 amino acids, respectively. All CRDs of CgGal-3 include two consensus motifs essential for ligand-binding, and a novel motif is present in CgGal-2. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) profiles were determined for recombinant rCgGal-2 and rCgGal-3, and rCgGal-2 displayed low binding affinity for PAMPs, while rCgGal-3 bound various PAMPs including glucan, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and peptidoglycan (PGN) with relatively high affinity. Furthermore, rCgGal-2 and rCgGal-3 exhibited different microbe binding profiles; rCgGal-2 bound to Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Vibrio vulnificus) and fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris), while rCgGal-3 bound to these microbes but also to Gram-positive bacteria (Micrococcus luteus). In addition, rCgGal-3 possessed microbial agglutinating activity and coagulation activity against fungi and erythrocytes, respectively, but rCgGal-2 lacked any agglutinating activity. Carbohydrate binding specificity analysis showed that rCgGal-3 specifically bound D-galactose. Furthermore, rCgGal-2 and rCgGal-3 functioned as opsonin participating in the clearance against invaders in C. gigas. Thus, CgGal-2 with one CRD and CgGal-3 with four CRDs are new members of the galectin family involved in immune responses against bacterial infection. Differences in the organisation and amino acid sequences of CRDs may affect their specificity and affinity for nonself substances. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Risk-benefit analysis of a hCG-500 kcal reducing diet (cura romana) in females].

PubMed

Rabe, T; Richter, S; Kiesel, L; Runnebaum, B

1987-05-01

The British physician A.T.W. Simeons described in 1954 a new method for dieting. He combined a reduction diet (500 kcal per day) with daily injections of the pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) (125 IU i.m.). According to Simeons the patient should not lose more weight during a 4-to-6 weeks' diet than without hCG, but the injections should facilitate to maintain the diet and to lose body weight at specific parts of the body (e.g. hip, belly, thigh). After the first publication various studies conducted with male and female patients analysed the efficacy of the "Cura romana". 10 of these studies showed positive and another 10 studies negative results with regard to hCG-related weight reduction. Two of these studies with positive results were double-blind studies (hCG vs. placebo). Most of them were reports on therapeutical experiences and were not controlled studies. According to these reports the body proportions normalized and the feeling of hunger was tolerable. Four out of 10 studies with negative results were controlled studies (hCG vs. control without hCG), whereas 6 were double-blind studies. These studies showed a significant weight reduction during dieting, but no differences between treatment groups in respect of body weight, body proportions and feeling of hunger. One of them is the only German study conducted by Rabe et al. in 1981 in which 82 randomised premenopausal volunteers had been dieting either with hCG or without hCG injections. In recent publications describing mostly well-documented double-blind studies authors largely reject hCG administration in dieting. Supporters of the hCG diet must prove the efficacy of this method in controlled studies according to the German Drug Law. Until then the opinion of the German steroid toxicology panel is still valid, that hCG is ineffective in dieting and should not be used (Bolt 1982 a, 1982 b).

1,4-Naphthoquinone derivatives potently suppress Candida albicans growth, inhibit formation of hyphae and show no toxicity toward zebrafish embryos.

PubMed

Janeczko, Monika; Kubiński, Konrad; Martyna, Aleksandra; Muzyczka, Angelika; Boguszewska-Czubara, Anna; Czernik, Sławomir; Tokarska-Rodak, Małgorzata; Chwedczuk, Marta; Demchuk, Oleg M; Golczyk, Hieronim; Masłyk, Maciej

2018-04-01

In this study, we applied various assays to find new activities of 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives for potential anti-Candida albicans applications. These assays determined (a) the antimicrobial effect on growth/cell multiplication in fungal cultures, (b) the effect on formation of hyphae and biofilm, (c) the influence on cell membrane integrity, (d) the effect on cell morphology using atomic force microscopy, and (e) toxicity against zebrafish embryos. We have demonstrated the activity of these compounds against different Candida species and clinical isolates of C. albicans. 1,4-Naphthoquinones significantly affected fungal strains at 8-250 mg l -1 of MIC. Interestingly, at concentrations below MICs, the chemicals showed effectiveness in inhibition of hyphal formation and cell aggregation in Candida. Of note, atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed an influence of the compounds on cell morphological properties. However, at low concentrations (0.8-31.2 mg l -1 ), it did not exert any evident toxic effects on zebrafish embryos. Our research has evidenced the effectiveness of 1,4-naphthoquinones as potential anti-Candida agents.

42 CFR 403.248 - Administrative review of CMS determinations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Administrative review of CMS determinations. 403... Certification Program: General Provisions § 403.248 Administrative review of CMS determinations. (a) This section provides for administrative review if CMS determines— (1) Not to certify a policy; or (2) That a...

Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural changes in rat fat tissue related to the local hCG injection.

PubMed

Tunç, E; Erdogan, D; Calgüner, E; Göktas, G; Elmas, Ç; Gözil, R; Bahçelioglu, M; Öktem, H

2013-11-01

Recently, it has been observed that weight loss is accelerated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone preparation used for hypothalamic dysfunction in obesity treatment in both sexes. hCG is also used for in vitro fertilization and in treatment of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. Our aim was to observe the ultrastructural changes caused by local injections of hCG made for purpose of weight loss and to present them to inform those receiving such therapy. In our study, 10 obese female, 10 male obese, 10 non-obese female and 10 non-obese male rats were used. In each group, single dose of subcutaneous hCG injection has been applied to 7 rats for 5 weeks in 5 days of the week, and placebo has been applied to the remaining 3 rats. Following the injection, the tissues were evaluated morphologically, immunohistochemically and ultrastructurally. Leptin immunoreactivity was similar in all groups. When the adipose tissue samples were examined under electron microscope, they were observed to exhibit normal structure with organelles located around the nuclei and nucleoli, and no distinctive features were found among the groups. Administering hCG in addition to diet had no advantage on weight reduction in rats.

7 CFR 58.248 - Nonfat dry milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Nonfat dry milk. 58.248 Section 58.248 Agriculture... Products Bearing Usda Official Identification § 58.248 Nonfat dry milk. (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial....S. Standard Grade. (b) Regular nonfat dry milk in consumer size packages which bears an official...

7 CFR 58.248 - Nonfat dry milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Nonfat dry milk. 58.248 Section 58.248 Agriculture... Products Bearing Usda Official Identification § 58.248 Nonfat dry milk. (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial....S. Standard Grade. (b) Regular nonfat dry milk in consumer size packages which bears an official...

Effect of additional human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on follicular growth and ovulation in gonadotrophin-treated gilts

PubMed Central

Manjarín, Rodrigo; Cassar, Glen; Friendship, Robert M.; Garcia, José C.; Dominguez, J. Carlos; Kirkwood, Roy N.

2015-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of additional human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on the ovarian response of gilts previously treated with 200 IU hCG combined with 400 IU equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) (eCG/hCG). Seventy-one prepuberal gilts (105 ± 7.5 kg) were assigned to groups: i) eCG/hCG (hCG-0; n = 25); ii) eCG/hCG followed by 100 IU of hCG at 24 h (hCG-100; n = 24); iii) eCG/hCG followed by 200 IU hCG at 24 h (hCG-200; n = 10); and iv) controls (CON; n = 12). Ovulation response was assessed by ovarian dissection or real-time ultrasonography. Additional hCG did not significantly improve numbers of gilts ovulating. Numbers of corpora lutea increased with hCG, and was higher in hCG-200 (P < 0.01). Compared to hCG-0, the frequency of cysts in gilts was higher in hCG-100 (P < 0.05) and further increased in hCG-200 (P < 0.01). The number of cysts per gilt was dose-dependently increased by additional hCG. We conclude that supplemental hCG will increase the number of corpora lutea but will be associated with follicular cyst development in a dose dependent manner. PMID:26130853

On ambiente de binárias de pequena massa em formação: o caso do glóbulo cometário CG30 e IRAS08076-3556

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hickel, G. R.; Vilas-Boas, J. W. S.

2003-08-01

Neste trabalho, combinamos observações de polarização linear no óptico (banda R), dados no infravermelho distante (IRAS) e observações de transições moleculares em radiofreqüências (CO e espécies isotópicas, HCN e HCO+) para analisar o glóbulo cometário (GC) CG30 (na região da IRAS Vela Shell), que apresenta objetos Herbig-Haro e ejeções de matéria, além de uma fonte pontual IRAS em seu interior. Os objetivos deste estudo são: determinar a eficiência de formação estelar nos glóbulos cometários, através da relação entre a massa total do GC e da massa das estrelas em formação; determinar como o campo magnético influencia na formação de estrelas no interior destes objetos; e analisar as modificações que ejeções de matéria de estrelas em formação causam no gás e no campo magnético dos GCs. Combinando nossos dados com trabalhos já publicados, mostramos que CG30 tem uma eficiência de formação estelar em torno de 3%; que o campo magnético é importante na manutenção da estrutura global do GC e demonstra sinais de torção e compressão; e que a ejeção bipolar de matéria das estrelas do par formam uma ejeção quadripolar, a qual influencia na densidade e temperatura do gás e no grau de polarização dos grãos de poeira associados ao gás do GC.

Lithospermum erythrorhizon Root and its Naphthoquinones Repress SREBP1c and Activate PGC1α Through AMPKα.

PubMed

Velliquette, Rodney A; Rajgopal, Arun; Rebhun, John; Glynn, Kelly

2018-01-01

To examine specific molecular mechanisms involved in modulating hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondria biogenesis signals by Lithospermum erythrorhizon (gromwell) root extract. Stable cell lines with luciferase reporter constructs were generated to examine sterol regulatory element binding protein 1c (SREBP1c) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, coactivator 1 (PGC1) α promoter activity and estrogen-related receptor (ERR) α response element activity. Gene expression of SREBP1c, stearoyl coenzyme A desaturase 1, and PGC1α was measured by using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Lipogenesis was measured in human hepatoma cells with Nile red staining and flow cytometry. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α was determined by using ELISA and Western blot. Gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones dose-dependently repressed high glucose and liver X receptor α induction of SREBP1c promoter activity and gene expression. Hepatic lipogenesis was repressed, and PGC1α promoter and gene expression and ERRα response element activity were increased by gromwell root extract. Gromwell root extract, shikonin, and α-methyl-n-butyrylshikonin increased AMPKα phosphorylation, and inhibition of AMPK blunted the repression in SREBP1c promoter activity by gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones. Data suggest that gromwell root extract and its naphthoquinones repress lipogenesis by increasing the phosphorylated state of AMPKα and stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis signals. © 2017 The Obesity Society.

PecS regulates the urate-responsive expression of type 1 fimbriae in Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43.

PubMed

Wang, Zhe-Chong; Liu, Chia-Jui; Huang, Ying-Jung; Wang, Yu-Seng; Peng, Hwei-Ling

2015-12-01

In the Klebsiella pneumoniae CG43 genome, the divergently transcribed genes coding for PecS, the MarR-type transcription factor, and PecM, the drug metabolite transporter, are located between the type 1 and type 3 fimbrial gene clusters. The intergenic sequence pecO between pecS and pecM contains three putative PecS binding sites and a CpxR box. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay revealed that the recombinant PecS and CpxR could specifically bind to the pecO sequence, and the specific interaction of PecS and pecO could be attenuated by urate. The expression of pecS and pecM was negatively regulated by CpxAR and PecS, and was inducible by exogenous urate in the absence of cpxAR. Compared with CG43S3ΔcpxAR, the derived mutants CG43S3ΔcpxARΔpecS and CG43S3ΔcpxARΔpecSΔpecM exerted similar levels of sensitivity to H2O2 or paraquat, but higher levels of mannose-sensitive yeast agglutination activity and FimA production. The promoter activity and transcript levels of fimA in CG43S3ΔcpxAR were also increased by deleting pecS. However, no binding activity between PecS and the fimA promoter could be observed. Nevertheless, PecS deletion could reduce the expression of the global regulator HNS and release the negative effect of HNS on FimA expression. In CG43S3ΔcpxAR, the expression of FimA as well as PecS was inducible by urate, whilst urate-induced FimA expression was inhibited by the deletion of pecS. Taken together, we propose that K. pneumoniae PecS indirectly and negatively regulates the expression of type 1 fimbriae, and the regulation is urate-inducible in the absence of CpxAR.

Hyperglycosylated hCG and Placenta Accreta Spectrum.

PubMed

Einerson, Brett D; Straubhar, Alli; Soisson, Sean; Szczotka, Kathryn; Dodson, Mark K; Silver, Robert M; Soisson, Andrew P

2018-02-28

 We aimed to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG-H) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.  This was a case-control study of PAS and controls. hCG-H was measured in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy in women with pathologically confirmed cases of PAS and in gestational age-matched controls without PAS. We compared serum hCG-H levels in cases and controls, calculated summary statistics for diagnostic accuracy, and used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to define an optimal cut-point for diagnosis of PAS using hCG-H.  Thirty case samples and 30 control samples were evaluated for hCG-H. Mean hCG-H was lower in the case compared with control group (7.8 ± 5.9 μg/L vs. 11.8 ± 8.8 μg/L, p  = 0.03). At an optimal cut-point for hCG-H of ≤7.6 μg/L, the sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratios, negative likelihood ratios, and area under the ROC curve were 66.7%, 69.7%, 2.20%, 0.48%, and 0.68%, respectively.  Hyperglycosylated hCG levels in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy were lower in patients with PAS than in controls, but hCG-H showed only modest capability as a diagnostic test for PAS. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Searching for a potential antibacterial lead structure against bacterial biofilms among new naphthoquinone compounds.

PubMed

Moreira, C S; Silva, A C J A; Novais, J S; Sá Figueiredo, A M; Ferreira, V F; da Rocha, D R; Castro, H C

2017-03-01

The aims of this study were to design, synthesize and to evaluate 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and its biofilm, to probe for potential lead structures. Thirty-six new analogues were prepared with good yields using a simple, fast, operational three-procedure reaction and a thiol addition to an ο-quinone methide using microwave irradiation. All compounds were tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Proteus mirabilis ATCC 15290, Serratia marcescens ATCC 14756, Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 4352, Enterobacter cloacae ATCC 23355, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, S. aureus ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus simulans ATCC 27851, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228 and a hospital strain of MRSA. Their antibacterial activity was determined using the disc diffusion method, revealing the activity of 19 compounds, mainly against Gram-positive strains. Interestingly, the minimal inhibitory concentration ranges detected for the hit molecules (32-128 μg ml -1 ) were within Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute levels. Promisingly, compound 15 affected the MRSA strain, with a reduction of up to 50% in biofilm formation, which is better than vancomycin as biofilm forms a barrier against the antibiotic that avoids its action. After probing 36 naphthoquinones for a potential antibacterial lead structure against the bacterial biofilm, we found that compound 15 should be explored further and also should be structurally modified in the near future to test against Gram-negative strains. Since vancomycin is one of the last treatment options currently available, and it is unable to inhibit biofilm, the research of new antimicrobials is urgent. In this context, 2-hydroxy-3-phenylsulfanylmethyl-[1,4]-naphthoquinones proved to be a promising lead structure against MRSA and bacterial biofilm. © 2016 The

Thyroid Function and Premature Delivery in TPO Antibody-Negative Women: The Added Value of hCG.

PubMed

Korevaar, Tim I M; Steegers, Eric A P; Chaker, Layal; Medici, Marco; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Visser, Theo J; de Rijke, Yolanda B; Peeters, Robin P

2017-09-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates thyroid function during pregnancy. We recently showed that thyroid autoimmunity severely attenuated the thyroidal response to hCG stimulation and that this may underlie the higher risk of premature delivery in thyroperoxidase antibody (TPOAb)-positive women. We hypothesized that a lower thyroidal response to hCG stimulation in TPOAb-negative women is also associated with a higher risk of premature delivery and preterm premature rupture of membranes (pPROM). Thyrotropin (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4), and hCG concentrations were available in 5644 TPOAb-negative women from a prospective cohort. We tested for interaction between TSH or FT4 and hCG in linear regression models for duration of pregnancy and logistic regression models for premature delivery/pPROM. Accordingly, analyses were stratified per TSH percentile (TSH ≥ 85th percentile) and hCG per 10,000 IU/L. Women with high TSH and low hCG concentrations did not have a higher risk of premature delivery or pPROM, with protective effect estimates. In contrast, women with a high TSH concentration despite a high hCG concentration had twofold to 10-fold higher risk of premature delivery (Pdifference = 0.022) and an up to fourfold higher risk of pPROM (Pdifference = 0.079). hCG concentrations were not associated with premature delivery or pPROM. In TPOAb-negative women with high-normal TSH concentrations, only women with high hCG concentrations had a higher risk of premature delivery or pPROM. These results suggest a lower thyroidal response to hCG stimulation is also associated with premature delivery in TPOAb-negative women and that an additional measurement of hCG may improve thyroid-related risk assessments during pregnancy. Copyright © 2017 Endocrine Society

The use of altrenogest to avoid hyperestrogenism after eCG-hCG ovulation induction in southern tigrina (Leopardus guttulus).

PubMed

Micheletti, Tatiane; Brown, Janine L; Walker, Susan L; Cubas, Zalmir S; Furtado, Priscila V; Putman, Sarah B; de Moraes, Wanderlei; de Oliveira, Marcos J; de Oliveira, Claudio A; Moreira, Nei

2015-09-01

The goal of this study was to optimize an ovulation induction protocol for use with artificial insemination in the southern tigrina (Leopardus guttulus). The specific aims were to report the efficacy of using altrenogest, an oral progestin (Regumate, MSD Animal Health, Merck Animal Health), to suppress ovarian activity and prevent follicular hyperstimulation and hyperestrogenism after the administration of exogenous eCG and hCG. To monitor ovarian responses, fecal estrogen and progestogen metabolites were quantified by enzyme immunoassay in females before and after intramuscular administration of 200-IU eCG and 150-IU hCG in two trials, 4 months apart. During the first trial, there was no use of altrenogest, only the eCG-hCG ovulation induction protocol. In the second trial, the ovulation induction protocol was preceded by the administration of oral altrenogest for 14 days (minimum of 0.192 mg per kg per day). Altrenogest administration resulted in a suppression of follicular activity in three out of six females before eCG-hCG administration on the basis of lower mean estrogen concentrations (P < 0.05). It also resulted in four out of six females presenting lower fecal estrogen metabolite concentrations (P < 0.05) after ovulation induction, and two out of six individuals showed a reduction (P < 0.05) in postovulatory fecal progestogen metabolite concentrations, all when compared to the same female's cycles without the progestin. Fecal estrogen metabolite concentrations were closer to baseline in 50% of these individuals after altrenogest and eCG-hCG treatments when compared to basal concentrations before gonadotropins without the use of altrenogest. This study reported that use of altrenogest in southern tigrina can suppress ovarian activity and avoid hyperestrogenism after administration of eCG and hCG treatment. However, not all females responded uniformly, so more studies are needed to increase the efficacy of ovulation induction for use with artificial

Synthesis and characterization of n-alkylamino derivatives of vitamin K3: Molecular structure of 2-propylamino-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone and antibacterial activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chadar, Dattatray; Camilles, Maria; Patil, Rishikesh; Khan, Ayesha; Weyhermüller, Thomas; Salunke-Gawali, Sunita

2015-04-01

We would like to introduce eight analogues of n-alkylamino derivatives of vitamin K3 (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) viz, 2-(n-alkylamino)-3-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (where n-alkyl is methyl; LM-1, ethyl; LM-2, propyl; LM-3, butyl; LM-4, pentyl; LM-5, hexyl; LM-6, heptyl; LM-7, octyl; LM-8). All the above analogues have been successfully synthesized from vitamin K3 and characterized using different analytical techniques. Furthermore, in order to understand the mechanistic aspects of formation of LM-1 to LM-8 compounds, we could propose the mechanism. The FT-IR analysis of LM-1 to LM-8 indicate the presence of characteristic band of Nsbnd H group ∼3287-3364 cm-1, the variation was attributed to extensive intramolecular hydrogen bonding interaction. The molecular structure of LM-3 compound has been confirmed by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. LM-3 compound crystallises in triclinic space group P1. There were four independent molecules in asymmetric unit cell and their molecular interactions observed via Nsbnd H⋯O, Csbnd H⋯O and π-π stacking of quinonoid rings. Pharmacological potential of all compounds has been evaluated in terms of their antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. All the compounds were active against both the strains while LM-2 was found to be more effective with a minimum inhibition concentration of 0.3125 μg/mL and 0.156 μg/mL respectively.

Cross-linking of hCG to luteal receptors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ji, T.H.; Ji, I.

1985-01-01

Photoaffinity labeling of the lutropin/choriogonadotropin (LH/hCG) receptor system on porcine granulosa cells has demonstrated that both the ..cap alpha.. and ..beta.. subunits of hCG directly photoaffinity label the hormone receptor. Three new bands appear on SDS-PAGE as a consequence of photoaffinity labeling by each subunit: the molecular weights of the three bands (106K, 88K, and 83K) produced by the subunit are larger by approximately 10K than those of the three bands (96K, 76K, and 73K) labeled by the ..cap alpha.. subunit. Although it could be a coincidence that the molecular weight of the ..beta.. subunit is approximately 10K larger thanmore » that of the ..cap alpha.. subunit, the similarity in these differences suggests the possibility that both the ..cap alpha.. and ..beta.. subunits have labeled the same polypeptides.« less

7 CFR 248.12 - FMNP costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.12... associated with the provision of nutrition education which meets the requirements of § 248.9 of this part. (2...

7 CFR 248.12 - FMNP costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.12... associated with the provision of nutrition education which meets the requirements of § 248.9 of this part. (2...

7 CFR 248.12 - FMNP costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.12... associated with the provision of nutrition education which meets the requirements of § 248.9 of this part. (2...

7 CFR 248.12 - FMNP costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.12... associated with the provision of nutrition education which meets the requirements of § 248.9 of this part. (2...

7 CFR 248.12 - FMNP costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions § 248.12... associated with the provision of nutrition education which meets the requirements of § 248.9 of this part. (2...

24 CFR 248.315 - Preservation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Preservation agreements. 248.315... agreements. (a) Agreements required. Owners of projects with State assisted or subsidized mortgages whose plans of action have been approved under § 248.307 shall enter into agreements, contracts and/or...

24 CFR 248.315 - Preservation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Preservation agreements. 248.315... agreements. (a) Agreements required. Owners of projects with State assisted or subsidized mortgages whose plans of action have been approved under § 248.307 shall enter into agreements, contracts and/or...

24 CFR 248.315 - Preservation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Preservation agreements. 248.315... agreements. (a) Agreements required. Owners of projects with State assisted or subsidized mortgages whose plans of action have been approved under § 248.307 shall enter into agreements, contracts and/or...

24 CFR 248.315 - Preservation agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Preservation agreements. 248.315... agreements. (a) Agreements required. Owners of projects with State assisted or subsidized mortgages whose plans of action have been approved under § 248.307 shall enter into agreements, contracts and/or...

Elevated β-hCG associated with aggressive Osteoblastoma.

PubMed

Morris, Carol D; Hameed, Meera R; Agaram, Narasimhan P; Hwang, Sinchun

2017-09-01

We present a unique case of an aggressive scapular osteoblastoma that produced β-hCG as a paraneoplastic manifestation in a 20-year-old woman. Serum β-hCG was found to be elevated during presurgical workup and consequently delayed surgical resection of the increasingly painful tumor because of suspected pregnancy. The paraneoplastic production of β-hCG was later proven by positive immunohistochemical stain of β-hCG in a curettage specimen and normalization of β-hCG levels after surgical resection of the aggressive osteoblastoma. Production of beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) has been reported in several carcinomas and sarcomas but, to our knowledge, it has not been reported in osteoblastoma in the English-language literature.

24 CFR 248.133 - Second notice of intent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Second notice of intent. 248.133 Section 248.133 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development... Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 § 248.133 Second notice of intent. (a) Filing. A second...

The effect of administering equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) post artificial insemination on fertility of lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Bartolome, J A; Wallace, S Perez; de la Sota, R L; Thatcher, W W

2012-09-15

The objective was to evaluate the effect of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and hCG post artificial insemination (AI) on fertility of lactating dairy cows. In Experiment 1, cows were either treated with eCG on Day 22 post AI (400 IU; n = 80) or left untreated (n = 84). On Day 29, pregnant cows were either treated with hCG (2500 IU; n = 32) or left untreated (n = 36). Pregnancy and progesterone were evaluated on Days 29 and 45. In Experiment 2, cows (n = 28) were either treated with eCG on Day 22 (n = 13) or left untreated (n = 15) and either treated with hCG on Day 29 (n = 14) or left untreated (n = 14). Blood sampling and ultrasonography were conducted between Days 22 and 45. In Experiment 3, cows were either treated with eCG on Day 22 post AI (n = 229) or left untreated (n = 241). Pregnancy was evaluated on Days 36 and 85. In Experiment 1, eCG on Day 22 increased (P < 0.02) the number of pregnant cows on Day 29 (50.0 vs. 33.3%) and on Day 45, the increase was higher (P < 0.01) in cows with timed AI (41.2 vs. 6.5%) than in cows AI at detected estrus (50.0 vs. 37.8%). Pregnancy losses were reduced by eCG and hCG, but increased in cows that did not receive eCG but were given hCG (P < 0.01). Treatment with hCG tended (P < 0.06) to increase progesterone in control cows, but not in cows treated with eCG. In Experiment 2, hCG increased (P < 0.01) the number of accessory CLs on Day 35 (28.5 vs. 0.0%) and tended (P < 0.07) to increase progesterone. In Experiment 3, eCG increased the number of pregnant cows (P < 0.05) on Days 36 and 85, but only in cows with low body condition (eCG = 45.6 and 43.5%; Control = 22.9 and 22.9%). In conclusion, eCG at 22 days post insemination increased fertility, primarily in cows with low body condition and reduced pregnancy losses when given 7 days before hCG; hCG induced accessory CLs and slightly increased progesterone, but hCG given in the absence of a prior eCG treatment reduced fertility. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights

Search for Cm-248 in the early solar system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lavielle, B.; Marti, K.; Pellas, P.; Perron, C.

1992-01-01

Possible evidence for the presence of Cm-248 in the early solar system was reported from fission gas studies (Rao and Gopalan, 1973) and recently from studies of very high nuclear track densities (not less than 5 x 10 exp 8/sq cm) in the merrillite of the H4 chondrite Forest Vale (F.V.) (Pellas et al., 1987). We report here an analysis of the isotopic abundances of xenon in F.V. phosphates and results of track studies in phosphate/pyroxene contacts. The fission xenon isotopic signature clearly identifies Pu-244 as the extinct progenitor. We calculate an upper limit Cm-248/Pu-244 to be less than 0.0015 at the beginning of Xe retention in F.V. phosphates. This corresponds to an upper limit of the ratio Cm-248/U-235 of not greater than 5 x 10 exp -5 further constraining the evidence for any late addition of freshly synthesized actinide elements just prior to solar system formation. The fission track density observed after annealing the phosphates at 290C (1 hr, which essentially erases spallation recoil tracks) is also in agreement with the Pu-244 abundance inferred from fission Xe. The spallation recoil tracks produced during the 76 Ma cosmic-ray exposure account for the very high track density in merrillites.

hCG Triggering in ART: An Evolutionary Concept.

PubMed

Hershko Klement, Anat; Shulman, Adrian

2017-05-17

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is no longer a single, omnipotent ovulation triggering option. Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist, initially presented as a substitute for hCG, has led to a new era of administering GnRH agonist followed by hCG triggering. According to this new concept, GnRH agonist enables successful ovum maturation, while hCG supports the luteal phase and pregnancy until placental shift.

R248Q mutation--Beyond p53-DNA binding.

PubMed

Ng, Jeremy W K; Lama, Dilraj; Lukman, Suryani; Lane, David P; Verma, Chandra S; Sim, Adelene Y L

2015-12-01

R248 in the DNA binding domain (DBD) of p53 interacts directly with the minor groove of DNA. Earlier nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies indicated that the R248Q mutation resulted in conformation changes in parts of DBD far from the mutation site. However, how information propagates from the mutation site to the rest of the DBD is still not well understood. We performed a series of all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to dissect sterics and charge effects of R248 on p53-DBD conformation: (i) wild-type p53 DBD; (ii) p53 DBD with an electrically neutral arginine side-chain; (iii) p53 DBD with R248A; (iv) p53 DBD with R248W; and (v) p53 DBD with R248Q. Our results agree well with experimental observations of global conformational changes induced by the R248Q mutation. Our simulations suggest that both charge- and sterics are important in the dynamics of the loop (L3) where the mutation resides. We show that helix 2 (H2) dynamics is altered as a result of a change in the hydrogen bonding partner of D281. In turn, neighboring L1 dynamics is altered: in mutants, L1 predominantly adopts the recessed conformation and is unable to interact with the major groove of DNA. We focused our attention the R248Q mutant that is commonly found in a wide range of cancer and observed changes at the zinc-binding pocket that might account for the dominant negative effects of R248Q. Furthermore, in our simulations, the S6/S7 turn was more frequently solvent exposed in R248Q, suggesting that there is a greater tendency of R248Q to partially unfold and possibly lead to an increased aggregation propensity. Finally, based on the observations made in our simulations, we propose strategies for the rescue of R248Q mutants. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Naphthoquinones isolated from Diospyros anisandra exhibit potent activity against pan-resistant first-line drugs Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

PubMed

Uc-Cachón, Andrés Humberto; Borges-Argáez, Rocío; Said-Fernández, Salvador; Vargas-Villarreal, Javier; González-Salazar, Francisco; Méndez-González, Martha; Cáceres-Farfán, Mirbella; Molina-Salinas, Gloria María

2014-02-01

The recent emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and totally drug-resistant (TDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains have further complicated the control of tuberculosis (TB). There is an urgent need of new molecules candidates to be developed as novel, active, and less toxic anti-tuberculosis (anti-TB) drugs. Medicinal plants have been an excellent source of leads for the development of drugs, particularly as anti-infective agents. In previous studies, the non-polar extract of Diospyros anisandra showed potent anti-TB activity, and three monomeric and five dimeric naphthoquinones have been obtained. In this study, we performed bioguided chemical fractionation and the isolation of eight naphthoquinones from D. anisandra and their evaluation of anti-TB and cytotoxic activities against mammalian cells. The n-hexane crude extract from the stem bark of the plant was obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid fractionation. The isolation of naphthoquinones was carried out by chromatographic methods and identified by gas chromatography and mass spectroscopy data analysis. Anti-TB activity was evaluated against two strains of MTB (H37Rv) susceptible to all five first-line anti-TB drugs and a clinical isolate that is resistant to these medications (pan-resistant, CIBIN 99) by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). Cytotoxicity of naphthoquinones was estimated against two mammalian cells, Vero line and primary cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear (PBMC) cells, and their selectivity index (SI) was determined. Plumbagin and its dimers maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin showed the strongest activity against both MTB strains (MIC = 1.56-3.33 μg/mL). The bioactivity of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin were 32 times more potent than rifampicin against the pan-resistant strain, and both dimers showed to be non-toxic against PBMC and Vero cells. The SI of maritinone and 3,3'-biplumbagin on Vero cells was 74.34 and 194

Luminescence of 1,4-naphthoquinone and the vitamin K system in Shpolskii matrices at 4 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vo-Dinh, Tuan; Wild, Urs P.

This work investigates the high-resolution phosphorescence spectra of 1,4-naphthoquinone and the vitamin K system in Shpolskii solvents at 4 K. The quasi-linear vibronic bands are discussed with regard to spectral assignments and polarization data. The effect of non-totally symmetric vibrations is also discussed.

New Naphthoquinone Terpenoids from Marine Actinobacterium, Streptomyces sp. CNQ-509

PubMed Central

Kwon, Hak Cheol

2018-01-01

A member of the marine streptomycete clade MAR4, Streptomyces sp. CNQ-509, has genetic potential for the biosynthesis of hybrid isoprenoids and produces several meroterpenoids such as naphterpin, nitropyrrolin and marinophenazine. Our research on the strain CNQ-509 led to the isolation of two new naphterpin derivatives (1 and 2) comprised of naphthoquinone and geranyl moieties along with the known terpenoid, debromomarinone. The two-dimensional structure of these compounds was determined through spectral data analysis using data from NMR, MS and UV spectroscopy. Furthermore, the full structures of 1 and 2 including absolute configurations were unequivocally established by a combination of NMR experiments and chemical modifications. PMID:29534540

Naphthoquinone Derivatives Exert Their Antitrypanosomal Activity via a Multi-Target Mechanism

PubMed Central

Mazet, Muriel; Perozzo, Remo; Bergamini, Christian; Prati, Federica; Fato, Romana; Lenaz, Giorgio; Capranico, Giovanni; Brun, Reto; Bakker, Barbara M.; Michels, Paul A. M.; Scapozza, Leonardo; Bolognesi, Maria Laura; Cavalli, Andrea

2013-01-01

Background and Methodology Recently, we reported on a new class of naphthoquinone derivatives showing a promising anti-trypanosomatid profile in cell-based experiments. The lead of this series (B6, 2-phenoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone) showed an ED50 of 80 nM against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, and a selectivity index of 74 with respect to mammalian cells. A multitarget profile for this compound is easily conceivable, because quinones, as natural products, serve plants as potent defense chemicals with an intrinsic multifunctional mechanism of action. To disclose such a multitarget profile of B6, we exploited a chemical proteomics approach. Principal Findings A functionalized congener of B6 was immobilized on a solid matrix and used to isolate target proteins from Trypanosoma brucei lysates. Mass analysis delivered two enzymes, i.e. glycosomal glycerol kinase and glycosomal glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, as potential molecular targets for B6. Both enzymes were recombinantly expressed and purified, and used for chemical validation. Indeed, B6 was able to inhibit both enzymes with IC50 values in the micromolar range. The multifunctional profile was further characterized in experiments using permeabilized Trypanosoma brucei cells and mitochondrial cell fractions. It turned out that B6 was also able to generate oxygen radicals, a mechanism that may additionally contribute to its observed potent trypanocidal activity. Conclusions and Significance Overall, B6 showed a multitarget mechanism of action, which provides a molecular explanation of its promising anti-trypanosomatid activity. Furthermore, the forward chemical genetics approach here applied may be viable in the molecular characterization of novel multitarget ligands. PMID:23350008

7 CFR 248.11 - Financial management system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Financial management system. 248.11 Section 248.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.14 - Distribution of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Distribution of funds. 248.14 Section 248.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.14 - Distribution of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Distribution of funds. 248.14 Section 248.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.11 - Financial management system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Financial management system. 248.11 Section 248.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.14 - Distribution of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Distribution of funds. 248.14 Section 248.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.11 - Financial management system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Financial management system. 248.11 Section 248.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.14 - Distribution of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Distribution of funds. 248.14 Section 248.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.11 - Financial management system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Financial management system. 248.11 Section 248.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.11 - Financial management system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Financial management system. 248.11 Section 248.11 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

7 CFR 248.14 - Distribution of funds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of funds. 248.14 Section 248.14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Provisions...

[Children with hyperthyroidism due to elevated hCG levels].

PubMed

Jöbsis, Jasper J; van Trotsenburg, A S Paul; Merks, Johannes H M; Kamp, Gerdine A

2014-01-01

We describe two children with hyperthyroidism secondary to elevated hCG levels: one patient with gestational trophoblastic disease and one patient with choriocarcinoma. hCG resembles other glycoproteins that can lead to hyperthyroidism through TSH receptor activation. Also, through its LH-mimicking effect, hCG can induce high oestradiol levels, resulting in stormy pubertal development. False negative hCG tests due to the high-dose hook effect may complicate the diagnostic process. In patients with antibody-negative thyrotoxicosis, the diagnosis of hCG-induced hyperthyroidism must be considered.

First Impressions of a Scintrex CG-6 Portable Gravimeter in an Extensive Field Campaign

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Westrum, D.; Kanney, J.

2017-12-01

First Impressions of a Scintrex CG-6 Portable Gravimeter in an Extensive Field Campaign AGU Fall Meeting 2017 Derek van Westrum and Jeff Kanney NOAA's National Geodetic Survey conducted its third and final Geoid Slope Validation Survey (GSVS) this past summer in the rugged mountains of southern Colorado. In addition to leveling, long period GPS, and defelction of vertical observations, absolute gravity and vertical gravity gradients were measured at 235 bench marks (approximately 1.5 km spacing) along US-160 between Durango and Walsenburg, Colorado. In previous surveys (Texas-2011 and Iowa-2014), an A10 absolute gravimeter was used to measure graivty at approximately 10-15% of the bench marks. The remaining marks were determined by using LaCoste & Romberg relative gravimeters. The same relative instruments were also used to measure two-tier (linear) vertical gravity gradients at the A10 sites. In the current work - becuase of the rapidly changing terrain in the Rocky Mountains - it was decided to employ the A10 at all 235 bench marks, and acquire three-tier (quadratic) gradients at every bench mark using the new Scintrex CG-6 Autograv relative gravimeter. Using these results, we will provide a real worldsummary of the CG-6's behavior by examining noise levels, repeatability, and acquisition rates. In addition, the coincident A10 absolute data set allows us to evaluate the CG-6's accuracy, and allows us to simulate and discuss various relative gravity survey designs.

Binding of /sup 125/I-hCG to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) testis in vitro. [Human Chorionic Gonadotropin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schlaghecke, R.

1983-02-01

Homogenates of maturing rainbow trout testes show specific binding sites for /sup 125/I-labeled hCG (. /sup 125/I-labeled hCG). The binding is competitively inhibited by unlabeled hCG and by a hypophyseal extract of rainbow trout. It could be demonstrated that the tissue /sup 125/I-hCG binding specificity is restricted to the gonadal preparation. The trout testis was characterized by determining affinity and capacity from Scatchard plot analysis giving a high constant of dissociation Kd 3.65 x 10(-10)/M and a low binding capacity of 0.88 x 10(-15) M/mg tissue. The test system is markedly dependent on temperature, incubation-time, and pH. The maximum bindingmore » was found at 37 degrees during 2 hr of incubation in a buffer of pH 7.5.« less

17 CFR 248.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Purpose and scope. 248.1 Section 248.1 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal...

Measuring the Bioenergetic Effects of 1,2-Naphthoquinone Exposure on Human Lung Macrophages Using Seahorse Extracellular Flux Analyses

EPA Science Inventory

Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans. Quinones are organic PM components that induce inflammatory responses through redox cycling and electrophilic attack. 1,2-naphthoquinone (1,2-NQ) has previously been sho...

31 CFR 248.4 - Undertaking of indemnity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Undertaking of indemnity. 248.4 Section 248.4 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL... in the circumstances set forth below, a corporate surety authorized by the Secretary of the Treasury...

Reducing the overuse of βhCG measurements in the emergency gynaecology clinic.

PubMed

Frost, Lucy

2016-01-01

Serial βhCG testing can be a helpful tool in deciding how to manage pregnancy of unknown location. Its use in emergency gynaecology clinics can prevent unnecessary admission and intervention. However, despite NICE Guidelines on when it is safe to opt for conservative management, it was identified that there was a problem with over-testing of βhCG when patients could be discharged with instructions to repeat a urinary pregnancy test in two weeks. Two PDSA cycles were undertaken to improve the awareness of NICE guidelines: the first involved formal and informal educational sessions and the second involved the inclusion of a guideline summary on the front of patients' notes when they were having serial βhCG tests for doctors to refer to. Case notes were reviewed for 157 women who had βhCG tests at baseline and 48 hours. Of these, 139 were suitable for serial βhCG testing, and 83 of these were suitable for discharge after 48 hours. Of the 83 patients that were eligible for discharge, there were 31 unnecessary βhCG tests done, 23 of which were prior to intervention. A significant improvement was noted, with between 4-10 unnecessary βhCG tests per fortnight prior to intervention, 0-3 following the first intervention, and 0-2 following the second. Reduction in unnecessary βhCG testing has positive implications for patients, who do not have to take unnecessary time off work, prolong an already very distressing period, and have unnecessary blood tests. There are also cost and time saving implications for the hospital.

14 CFR 248.5 - Withholding from public disclosure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PROCEEDINGS) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS SUBMISSION OF AUDIT REPORTS § 248.5 Withholding from public disclosure. The special reports required to be filed by § 248.2 shall be withheld from public disclosure, until further...

25 CFR 248.1 - Fishing sites subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Fishing sites subject to regulation. 248.1 Section 248.1... INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.1 Fishing sites subject to regulation. Use of any of the lands... March 2, 1945 (59 Stat. 22), as amended (hereinafter called “in lieu fishing sites” or “sites”) to...

25 CFR 248.1 - Fishing sites subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Fishing sites subject to regulation. 248.1 Section 248.1... INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.1 Fishing sites subject to regulation. Use of any of the lands... March 2, 1945 (59 Stat. 22), as amended (hereinafter called “in lieu fishing sites” or “sites”) to...

25 CFR 248.1 - Fishing sites subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Fishing sites subject to regulation. 248.1 Section 248.1... INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.1 Fishing sites subject to regulation. Use of any of the lands... March 2, 1945 (59 Stat. 22), as amended (hereinafter called “in lieu fishing sites” or “sites”) to...

25 CFR 248.1 - Fishing sites subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fishing sites subject to regulation. 248.1 Section 248.1... INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.1 Fishing sites subject to regulation. Use of any of the lands... March 2, 1945 (59 Stat. 22), as amended (hereinafter called “in lieu fishing sites” or “sites”) to...

25 CFR 248.1 - Fishing sites subject to regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Fishing sites subject to regulation. 248.1 Section 248.1... INDIAN IN-LIEU FISHING SITES § 248.1 Fishing sites subject to regulation. Use of any of the lands... March 2, 1945 (59 Stat. 22), as amended (hereinafter called “in lieu fishing sites” or “sites”) to...

Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG: a new test for discriminating gestational trophoblastic diseases.

PubMed

Cole, Laurence A

2014-11-01

Hyperglycosylated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a variant of hCG with large oligosaccharide side chains. Although hCG is produced by syncytiotrophoblast cells, hyperglycosylated hCG marks cytotrophoblast cell. Hyperglycosylated hCG signals placental implantation. Total hCG in serum and urine is measured by the Siemens Immulite hCG pregnancy test; the result is in milli-international unit per milliliter. Hyperglycosylated hCG is determined by the B152 microtiter plate assay; the result is in nanogram per milliliter. Hyperglycosylated hCG results can be converted to milli-international unit per milliliter equivalents by multiplying by 11. The test measures proportion hyperglycosylated hCG, hyperglycosylated hCG / total hCG. Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG marks cases intent on developing persistent hydatidiform mole (68% detection at 17% false detection). Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG also marks persistent hydatidiform mole (100% detection at 5.1% false detection). Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG distinguishes choriocarcinoma and gestational trophoblastic neoplasm cases, absolutely discriminating aggressive cases and minimally aggressive cases. Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG identifies quiescent gestational trophoblastic disease cases. It recognizes quiescent cases that become persistent disease (100% detection at 0% false positive). Proportion hyperglycosylated hCG is an invaluable test for discriminating gestational trophoblastic diseases.

NP-313, 2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone, a novel antithrombotic agent with dual inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis and calcium entry

PubMed Central

Kuo, Heng-Lan; Lien, Jin-Cherng; Chang, Chien-Hsin; Chung, Ching-Hu; Kuo, Sheng-Chu; Hsu, Chun-Chieh; Peng, Hui-Chin; Huang, Tur-Fu

2011-01-01

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE 1,4-Naphthoquinones exhibit antiplatelet activity both in vivo and in vitro. In the present study, we investigated the antiplatelet effect of a novel naphthoquinone derivative NP-313, 2-acetylamino-3-chloro-1,4-naphthoquinone and its mechanism of action. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We measured platelet aggregation, Ca2+ mobilization, thromboxane B2 formation and P-selectin expression and examined several enzymatic activities. Furthermore, we used the irradiated mesenteric venules in fluorescein sodium–treated mice to monitor the antithrombotic effect of NP-313 in vivo. KEY RESULTS NP-313 concentration-dependently inhibited human platelet aggregation induced by collagen, arachidonic acid, thapsigargin, thrombin and A23187. NP-313 also inhibited P-selectin expression, thromboxane B2 formation and [Ca2+]i elevation in platelets stimulated by thrombin and collagen. NP-313 at 10 µM inhibited cyclooxygenase, thromboxane A2 synthase, and protein kinase Cα, whereas it did not affect phospholipase A2 or phospholipase C activity. In the presence of indomethacin and an adenosine 5-diphosphate scavenger, NP-313 concentration-dependently inhibited thrombin- and A23187-induced [Ca2+]i increase through its inhibitory effects on Ca2+ influx, rather than blocking Ca2+ release from intracellular stores. NP-313 also inhibited thapsigargin-mediated Ca2+ influx through store-operated calcium channel but had no effect on Ca2+ influx through store-independent calcium channel evoked by the diacylglycerol analogue 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol. Nevertheless, it had little effect on cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP levels. Also, intravenously administered NP-313 dose-dependently inhibited the thrombus occlusion of the irradiated mesenteric vessels of fluorescein-pretreated mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these results indicate that NP-313 exerts its antithrombotic activity through dual inhibition of thromboxane A2 synthesis and Ca2+ influx through SOCC. PMID

5-Methylation of Cytosine in CG:CG Base-Pair Steps: A Physicochemical Mechanism for the Epigenetic Control of DNA Nanomechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yusufaly, Tahir; Olson, Wilma; Li, Yun

2014-03-01

Van der Waals density functional theory is integrated with analysis of a non-redundant set of protein-DNA crystal structures from the Nucleic Acid Database to study the stacking energetics of CG:CG base-pair steps, specifically the role of cytosine 5-methylation. Principal component analysis of the steps reveals the dominant collective motions to correspond to a tensile ``opening'' mode and two shear ``sliding'' and ``tearing'' modes in the orthogonal plane. The stacking interactions of the methyl groups are observed to globally inhibit CG:CG step overtwisting while simultaneously softening the modes locally via potential energy modulations that create metastable states. The results have implications for the epigenetic control of DNA mechanics.

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

17 CFR 248.8 - Revised privacy notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Revised privacy notices. 248.8...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguarding Personal Information Privacy and Opt Out Notices § 248.8 Revised privacy notices. (a) General rule. Except as otherwise...

24 CFR 248.135 - Plans of action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Plans of action. 248.135 Section... OF LOW INCOME HOUSING MORTGAGES Prepayments and Plans of Action Under the Low Income Housing Preservation and Resident Homeownership Act of 1990 § 248.135 Plans of action. (a) Submission. An owner seeking...

cgDNAweb: a web interface to the cgDNA sequence-dependent coarse-grain model of double-stranded DNA.

PubMed

De Bruin, Lennart; Maddocks, John H

2018-06-14

The sequence-dependent statistical mechanical properties of fragments of double-stranded DNA is believed to be pertinent to its biological function at length scales from a few base pairs (or bp) to a few hundreds of bp, e.g. indirect read-out protein binding sites, nucleosome positioning sequences, phased A-tracts, etc. In turn, the equilibrium statistical mechanics behaviour of DNA depends upon its ground state configuration, or minimum free energy shape, as well as on its fluctuations as governed by its stiffness (in an appropriate sense). We here present cgDNAweb, which provides browser-based interactive visualization of the sequence-dependent ground states of double-stranded DNA molecules, as predicted by the underlying cgDNA coarse-grain rigid-base model of fragments with arbitrary sequence. The cgDNAweb interface is specifically designed to facilitate comparison between ground state shapes of different sequences. The server is freely available at cgDNAweb.epfl.ch with no login requirement.

CG2AA: backmapping protein coarse-grained structures.

PubMed

Lombardi, Leandro E; Martí, Marcelo A; Capece, Luciana

2016-04-15

Coarse grain (CG) models allow long-scale simulations with a much lower computational cost than that of all-atom simulations. However, the absence of atomistic detail impedes the analysis of specific atomic interactions that are determinant in most interesting biomolecular processes. In order to study these phenomena, it is necessary to reconstruct the atomistic structure from the CG representation. This structure can be analyzed by itself or be used as an onset for atomistic molecular dynamics simulations. In this work, we present a computer program that accurately reconstructs the atomistic structure from a CG model for proteins, using a simple geometrical algorithm. The software is free and available online at http://www.ic.fcen.uba.ar/cg2aa/cg2aa.py Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. lula@qi.fcen.uba.ar. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trend within the first few days after medical abortion: a prospective study.

PubMed

Pocius, Katherine D; Bartz, Deborah; Maurer, Rie; Stenquist, Asha; Fortin, Jennifer; Goldberg, Alisa B

2017-03-01

To prospectively describe the decline in serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in the first 5 days after complete medical abortion and evaluate the influence of initial hCG and gestational duration. We conducted a prospective, physiologic study of women ≤63 days gestation who underwent medical abortion with 200 mg mifepristone and 800 mcg buccal misoprostol. We stratified enrollment into two gestational cohorts, <49 days and 49-63 days, to ensure gestational variability. We collected serum quantitative hCG values on Day 1 (day of mifepristone), Day 3, Day 5 and a routine follow up hCG on Days 7-14. We calculated the percent hCG decline from Day 1 to each repeat measure and evaluated trends based on initial serum hCG level and gestation. We enrolled 66 women; 59 were protocol-adherent and included in our analysis. Mean gestation on Day 1 was 49 days and mean baseline hCG was 72,332 IU. Fifty-seven subjects (97%) had a complete medical abortion without further intervention. The mean serum hCG decline among subjects with complete medical abortion was 70.0±10.6% [range 36.9-98.6%] on Day 3 and 91.4±4.4% [range 68.4-97.7%] on Day 5. The mean serum hCG decline from Day 1 to routine follow-up on Days 7-9 was 97.1±1.7% [range 92.4-99.2%], from Day 1 to Day 10-11 was 98.5±1.4% [range 94.7-99.6%] and from Day 1 to Day 12-14 was 98.7±2.8% [range 86.7-99.9%]. There was no difference in percent hCG decline stratified by initial hCG or gestation. There is a rapid and predictable decline in serum hCG as early as Day 5 after complete medical abortion through 63 days gestation. Rate of hCG decline is not affected by initial hCG or gestational duration. For women who require confirmation of complete abortion sooner than 1 week after mifepristone, due to patient preference, logistical constraints or in the setting of pregnancy of unconfirmed location, a single repeat hCG on Day 5 may be clinically useful. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Naphthalene and Naphthoquinone: Distributions and Human Exposure in the Los Angeles Basin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, R.; Wu, J.; Turco, R.; Winer, A. M.; Atkinson, R.; Paulson, S.; Arey, J.; Lurmann, F.

2003-12-01

Naphthalene is the simplest and most abundant of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Naphthalene is found primarily in the gas-phase and has been detected in both outdoor and indoor samples. Evaporation from naphthalene-containing products (including gasoline), and during refining operations, are important sources of naphthalene in air. Naphthalene is also emitted during the combustion of fossil fuels and wood, and is a component of vehicle exhaust. Exposure to high concentrations of naphthalene can damage or destroy red blood cells, causing hemolytic anemia. If inhaled over a long period of time, naphthalene may cause kidney and liver damage, skin allergy and dermatitis, cataracts and retinal damage, as well as attack the central nervous system. Naphthalene has been found to cause cancer as a result of inhalation in animal tests. Naphthoquinones are photooxidation products of naphthalene and the potential health effects of exposure to these quinones are a current focus of research. We are developing and applying models that can be used to assess human exposure to naphthalene and its photooxidation products in major air basins such as California South Coast Air Basin (SoCAB). The work utilizes the Surface Meteorology and Ozone Generation (SMOG) airshed model, and the REgional Human EXposure (REHEX) model, including an analysis of individual exposure. We will present and discuss simulations of basin-wide distributions of, and human exposures to, naphthalene and naphthoquinone, with emphasis on the uncertainties in these estimates of atmospheric concentrations and human exposure. Regional modeling of pollutant sources and exposures can lead to cost-effective and optimally health-protective emission control strategies.

hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications

PubMed Central

Nwabuobi, Chinedu; Arlier, Sefa; Schatz, Frederick; Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Ozlem; Lockwood, Charles Joseph; Kayisli, Umit Ali

2017-01-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced primarily by differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, and represents a key embryonic signal that is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. hCG can activate various signaling cascades including mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or protein kinase A (PKA) in several cells types by binding to luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) or potentially by direct/indirect interaction with transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR). The molecule displays specialized roles in promoting angiogenesis in the uterine endothelium, maintaining myometrial quiescence, as well as fostering immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The α-subunit of hCG displays homologies with TSH, LH, and FSH, whereas the β subunit is 80–85% homologous to LH. The hCG molecule is produced by a variety of organs, exists in various forms, exerts vital biological functions, and has various clinical roles ranging from diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders to cancer surveillance. This review presents a detailed examination of hCG and its various clinical applications. PMID:28937611

hCG: Biological Functions and Clinical Applications.

PubMed

Nwabuobi, Chinedu; Arlier, Sefa; Schatz, Frederick; Guzeloglu-Kayisli, Ozlem; Lockwood, Charles Joseph; Kayisli, Umit Ali

2017-09-22

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced primarily by differentiated syncytiotrophoblasts, and represents a key embryonic signal that is essential for the maintenance of pregnancy. hCG can activate various signaling cascades including mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 2 (Smad2), protein kinase C (PKC), and/or protein kinase A (PKA) in several cells types by binding to luteinizing hormone/chorionic gonadotropin receptor (LHCGR) or potentially by direct/indirect interaction with transforming growth factor beta receptor (TGFβR). The molecule displays specialized roles in promoting angiogenesis in the uterine endothelium, maintaining myometrial quiescence, as well as fostering immunomodulation at the maternal-fetal interface. It is a member of the glycoprotein hormone family that includes luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). The α-subunit of hCG displays homologies with TSH, LH, and FSH, whereas the β subunit is 80-85% homologous to LH. The hCG molecule is produced by a variety of organs, exists in various forms, exerts vital biological functions, and has various clinical roles ranging from diagnosis and monitoring of pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders to cancer surveillance. This review presents a detailed examination of hCG and its various clinical applications.

A 43-year-old woman with unexplained elevation of hCG.

PubMed

Johnson, Lisa M; Gniadek, Thomas J; Cohn, Claudia S; Bachowski, Gary; Karger, Amy B

2018-05-01

This case report investigates an unusual hCG result in a woman who is not pregnant. A 43-year-old woman was admitted for recurrence of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was initiated. Prior to transitioning the patient from TPE to immunosuppressive therapy, a serum qualitative hCG test was performed and was positive. Several etiologies for elevated hCG were considered and investigated, including heterophile antibody interference, endogenous hCG from pituitary or malignancy, and exogenous hCG. Retrospective measurement of hCG levels in remnant samples, including a sample obtained prior to TPE initiation, demonstrated that the hCG elevation occurred with plasma administration for TPE. Further investigation with the American Red Cross confirmed that a plasma donor was unknowingly pregnant and in the latter half of the first trimester at the time of donation, when hCG levels peak. In plasma recipients with unexplained hCG elevation, passive transfer of hCG from plasma should be considered in the differential diagnosis. Retrospective measurement of hCG in remnant samples obtained prior to plasma exchange can assist in confirming the source. Copyright © 2018 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Conserved hemopoietic transcription factor Cg-SCL delineates hematopoiesis of Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas.

PubMed

Song, Xiaorui; Wang, Hao; Chen, Hao; Sun, Mingzhe; Liang, Zhongxiu; Wang, Lingling; Song, Linsheng

2016-04-01

Hemocytes are the effective immunocytes in bivalves, which have been reported to be derived from stem-like cells in gill epithelium of oyster. In the present work, a conserved haematopoietic transcription factor Tal-1/Scl (Stem Cell Leukemia) was identified in Pacific oyster (Cg-SCL), and it was evolutionarily close to the orthologs in deuterostomes. Cg-SCL was highly distributed in the hemocytes as well as gill and mantle. The hemocyte specific genes Integrin, EcSOD and haematopoietic transcription factors GATA3, C-Myb, c-kit, were down-regulated when Cg-SCL was interfered by dsRNA. During the larval developmental stages, the mRNA transcripts of Cg-SCL gradually increased after fertilization and peaked at early trochophore larvae stage (10 hpf, hours post fertilization), then sharply decreased in late trochophore larvae stage (15 hpf) before resuming in umbo larvae (120 hpf). Whole-mount immunofluorescence assay further revealed that the immunoreactivity of Cg-SCL appeared in blastula larvae with two approximate symmetric spots, and this expression pattern lasted in gastrula larvae. By trochophore, the immunoreactivity formed a ring around the dorsal region and then separated into two remarkable spots at the dorsal side in D-veliger larvae. After bacterial challenge, the mRNA expression levels of Cg-SCL were significantly up-regulated in the D-veliger and umbo larvae, indicating the available hematopoietic regulation in oyster larvae. These results demonstrated that Cg-SCL could be used as haematopoietic specific marker to trace potential developmental events of hematopoiesis during ontogenesis of oyster, which occurred early in blastula stage and maintained until D-veliger larvae. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

24 CFR 248.234 - Section 8 rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Section 8 rental assistance. 248.234 Section 248.234 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF...

24 CFR 248.234 - Section 8 rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Section 8 rental assistance. 248.234 Section 248.234 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF...

24 CFR 248.234 - Section 8 rental assistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Section 8 rental assistance. 248.234 Section 248.234 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF...

7 CFR 248.21 - Procurement and property management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Procurement and property management. 248.21 Section 248.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous...

7 CFR 248.21 - Procurement and property management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Procurement and property management. 248.21 Section 248.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous...

7 CFR 248.21 - Procurement and property management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Procurement and property management. 248.21 Section 248.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous...

7 CFR 248.21 - Procurement and property management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Procurement and property management. 248.21 Section 248.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous...

7 CFR 248.21 - Procurement and property management.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Procurement and property management. 248.21 Section 248.21 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous...

Strong Evidence against a Non-degenerate Companion in SN 2012cg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shappee, B. J.; Piro, A. L.; Stanek, K. Z.; Patel, S. G.; Margutti, R. A.; Lipunov, V. M.; Pogge, R. W.

2018-03-01

Even though SN 2012cg is one of the best-studied Type Ia supernovae to date, the nature of its progenitor system has been debated in numerous studies. Specifically, it is difficult to reconcile recent claims of the detection of a ∼6 {M}ȯ MS companion with recent deep, late-time {{H}}α flux limits. In this study we add three new constraints. (1) We analyze a new high-signal-to-noise, nebular-phase, Large Binocular Telescope/MODS spectrum of SN 2012cg and place an upper limit on the amount of low-velocity, solar-abundance material removed from a possible companion of < 7.8× {10}-3 {M}ȯ . (2) We use Swift X-ray observations to constrain the pre-explosion mass-loss rate to be \\dot{M}< {10}-6 {M}ȯ {yr}}-1 for {v}{{w}}=100 {km} {{{s}}}-1. (3) We carefully reanalyze a prediscovery MASTER image, and with published light curves of SN 2012cg we estimate the time of first light and conservatively constrain the radius of a Roche-lobe overflowing companion to be < 0.24 {R}ȯ . These observations disagree with a large nearby companion, and when considered with other studies of SN 2012cg’s progenitor system, essentially rule out a non-degenerate companion.

Declarative Programming with Temporal Constraints, in the Language CG.

PubMed

Negreanu, Lorina

2015-01-01

Specifying and interpreting temporal constraints are key elements of knowledge representation and reasoning, with applications in temporal databases, agent programming, and ambient intelligence. We present and formally characterize the language CG, which tackles this issue. In CG, users are able to develop time-dependent programs, in a flexible and straightforward manner. Such programs can, in turn, be coupled with evolving environments, thus empowering users to control the environment's evolution. CG relies on a structure for storing temporal information, together with a dedicated query mechanism. Hence, we explore the computational complexity of our query satisfaction problem. We discuss previous implementation attempts of CG and introduce a novel prototype which relies on logic programming. Finally, we address the issue of consistency and correctness of CG program execution, using the Event-B modeling approach.

Hyperglycosylated hCG: a Unique Human Implantation and Invasion Factor.

PubMed

Evans, Jemma

2016-03-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), as one of the first embryonic products, has been extensively investigated for its role in implantation and placental development. Discovery of an over-glycosylated form of this hormone, hyperglycosylated hCG (hCG-H), has provided an additional level of complexity in our understanding of the implantation and placentation process; the structure, activity and functional implications of alterations in hCG isoforms throughout pregnancy are still being characterized. HCG-H comprises up to 90% of total hCG measurable in serum and urine during the first 2-3 weeks of pregnancy when invasive trophoblast activity is high, dropping to negligible proportions, less than 5%, of total hCG at the end of the first trimester. Functionally, hCG-H promotes trophoblast invasion during early pregnancy and has potential roles in immune cell modulation and endothelial function within the uterus at the time of pregnancy initiation. Altered levels of hCG-H are characteristics of pregnancy complications of altered trophoblast function and inadequate placentation, such as pre-eclampsia, and also over-abundance of invasive cytotrophoblasts, such as Down's syndrome. Improving our basic knowledge of the functional role-specific hCG isoforms plays in the complex cascade of events involved in implantation and placental development, and determining dynamic changes in the structure and activity of hCG isoforms throughout gestation will facilitate evidence-based decisions in assisted reproduction/in vitro fertilization based on the potential of embryos to implant, provide biomarkers for diagnosis of pregnancy complications associated with altered placental development and enhance understanding of how hCG isoforms may influence receptivity of the endometrium. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

17 CFR 248.128 - Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Affiliate Marketing § 248.128 Effective date, compliance date, and prospective application. (a) Effective date. This subpart is effective September 10, 2009. (b) Mandatory compliance date. Compliance with this... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Effective date, compliance...

Laser ablation of ceramic Al2O3 at 193 nm and 248 nm: The importance of single-photon ionization processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peláez, R. J.; Afonso, C. N.; Bator, M.; Lippert, T.

2013-06-01

The aim of this work is to demonstrate that single-photon photoionization processes make a significant difference in the expansion and temperature of the plasma produced by laser ablation of ceramic Al2O3 in vacuum as well as to show their consequences in the kinetic energy distribution of the species that eventually will impact on the film properties produced by pulsed laser deposition. This work compares results obtained by mass spectrometry and optical spectroscopy on the composition and features of the plasma produced by laser ablation at 193 nm and 248 nm, i.e., photon energies that are, respectively, above and below the ionization potential of Al, and for fluences between threshold for visible plasma and up to ≈2 times higher. The results show that the ionic composition and excitation of the plasma as well as the ion kinetic energies are much higher at 193 nm than at 248 nm and, in the latter case, the population of excited ions is even negligible. The comparison of Maxwell-Boltzmann temperature, electron temperatures, and densities of the plasmas produced with the two laser wavelengths suggests that the expansion of the plasma produced at 248 nm is dominated by a single population. Instead, the one produced at 193 nm is consistent with the existence of two populations of cold and hot species, the latter associated to Al+ ions that travel at the forefront and produced by single photon ionization as well as Al neutrals and double ionized ions produced by electron-ion impact. The results also show that the most energetic Al neutrals in the plasma produced at the two studied wavelengths are in the ground state.

31 CFR 248.7 - Claims requiring settlement action.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Claims requiring settlement action. 248.7 Section 248.7 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... claimant and transmit such data to the Claims Division, General Accounting Office, for settlement action. ...

27 CFR 19.248 - Standard effective tax rate.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Standard effective tax rate. 19.248 Section 19.248 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTILLED SPIRITS PLANTS Distilled Spirits Taxes Effective Tax...

The dusty aftermath of SN Hunt 248: merger-burst remnant?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mauerhan, Jon C.; Van Dyk, Schuyler D.; Johansson, Joel; Fox, Ori D.; Filippenko, Alexei V.; Graham, Melissa L.

2018-01-01

SN Hunt 248 was classified as a non-terminal eruption (a supernova 'impostor') from a directly identified and highly variable cool hypergiant star. The 2014 outburst achieved peak luminosity equivalent to that of the historic eruption of luminous blue variable (LBV) η Car, and exhibited a multipeaked optical light curve which rapidly faded after ∼100 d. We report ultraviolet (UV) through optical observations of SN Hunt 248 with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) about 1 yr after the outburst, and mid-infrared observations with the Spitzer Space Telescope before the burst and in decline. The HST data reveal a source which is a factor of ∼10 dimmer in apparent brightness than the faintest available measurement of the precursor star. The UV-optical spectral energy distribution (SED) requires a strong Balmer continuum, consistent with a hot B4-B5 photosphere attenuated by grey circumstellar extinction. Substantial mid-infrared excess of the source is consistent with thermal emission from hot dust with a mass of ∼10-6-10-5 M⊙ and a geometric extent which is comparable to the expansion radius of the ejecta from the 2014 event. SED modelling indicates that the dust consists of relatively large grains ( > 0.3 μm), which could be related to the grey circumstellar extinction which we infer for the UV-optical counterpart. Revised analysis of the precursor photometry is also consistent with grey extinction by circumstellar dust, and suggests that the initial mass of the star could be twice as large as previously estimated (nearly ∼ 60 M⊙). Re-analysis of the earlier outburst data shows that the peak luminosity and outflow velocity of the eruption are consistent with a trend exhibited by stellar merger candidates, prompting speculation that SN Hunt 248 may also have stemmed from a massive stellar merger or common-envelope ejection.

Analytical sensitivity of four commonly used hCG point of care devices.

PubMed

Kamer, Sandy M; Foley, Kevin F; Schmidt, Robert L; Greene, Dina N

2015-04-01

Point of care (POC) hCG assays are often used to rule-out pregnancy and therefore diagnostic sensitivity, especially at low concentrations of hCG, is important. There are very few studies in the literature that seek to verify the claimed analytical sensitivity of hCG POC devices. The analytical sensitivity of four commonly used hCG POC devices (Alere hCG Combo Cassette, ICON 20 hCG, OSOM hCG Combo Test, and Sure-Vue Serum/Urine hCG-STAT) was challenged using urine samples (n=50) selected based on quantitative hCG concentrations. The majority of these specimens (n=40) had an hCG concentration between 20 and 200 U/L. Each specimen/device combination was reviewed by three individuals. Statistical calculations were performed using Stata 12. The analytical sensitivity of the OSOM was significantly lower inferior than that of the other POC devices. There was no significant difference in the sensitivity of the Alere, ICON 20 and Sure-Vue devices. There was no significant difference in the individual interpretation of the hCG POC results. All hCG POC devices evaluated in this study were susceptible to false negative results at low concentrations of urine hCG. Laboratorians and clinicians should be aware that there are limitations when using urine hCG POC devices to rule out early pregnancy. Copyright © 2014 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

40 CFR 98.248 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Petrochemical Production § 98.248 Definitions. Except as specified in this section... process: the petrochemical, recovered byproducts, and liquid organic wastes that are not incinerated...

40 CFR 98.248 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GREENHOUSE GAS REPORTING Petrochemical Production § 98.248 Definitions. Except as specified in this section... process: the petrochemical, recovered byproducts, and liquid organic wastes that are not incinerated...

17 CFR 248.18 - Effective date; transition rule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to consumers who are your customers on July 1, 2001, if, by that date, you have established a system... you have entered into with a nonaffiliated third party to perform services for you or functions on... rule. 248.18 Section 248.18 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION...

Comparison of dual trigger with combination GnRH agonist and hCG versus hCG alone trigger of oocyte maturation for normal ovarian responders.

PubMed

Zhou, Xingyu; Guo, Pingping; Chen, Xin; Ye, Desheng; Liu, Yudong; Chen, Shiling

2018-06-01

To investigate whether dual triggering of oocyte maturation with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist and standard dose of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can improve clinical outcomes for normal ovarian responders in GnRH antagonist cycles. The present retrospective cohort study included women aged up to 40 years with normal ovarian response who underwent in vitro fertilization and/or intracytoplasmic sperm injection under the GnRH antagonist protocol at Nanfang Hospital, China, between January 1 and December 31, 2015. Patients were grouped by whether oocyte maturation was triggered with GnRH agonist plus 5000-10 000 IU of hCG (dual trigger) or hCG alone. The primary outcome was live delivery rate. There were 325 women included; 224 in the dual trigger group and 101 in the hCG alone group. The live delivery rate did not differ significantly between the groups (P=0.083). The mean number of retrieved oocytes was similar in the two groups (P=0.719), but the mean number of two-pronuclear embryos (P=0.004), the mean number of embryos available (P=0.001), and the mean number of high-quality embryos (P=0.011) was higher in the dual trigger group. Dual trigger of oocyte maturation was not associated with any change in the live delivery rate but was associated with improvements in the quantity and quality of embryos; it could optimize pregnancy outcomes for normal ovarian responders. © 2018 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics.

31 CFR 248.6 - Recovery of original check.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Recovery of original check. 248.6... § 248.6 Recovery of original check. (a) If the claimant recovers an original check after he has... or agency concerned regarding the negotiability of such original check. (b) In the event the...

17 CFR 248.17 - Relation to State laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Relation to State laws. 248.17... Information Relation to Other Laws; Effective Date § 248.17 Relation to State laws. (a) In general. This... inconsistency. (b) Greater protection under State law. For purposes of this section, a State statute, regulation...

The Risk of Preeclampsia According to High Thyroid Function in Pregnancy Differs by hCG Concentration.

PubMed

Korevaar, Tim I M; Steegers, Eric A P; Chaker, Layal; Medici, Marco; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Visser, Theo J; de Rijke, Yolanda B; Peeters, Robin P

2016-12-01

During pregnancy, there is an increased demand for thyroid hormone. The pregnancy hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is an important physiological stimulator of thyroid function. Already high-normal maternal free T 4 concentrations are associated with a higher risk of preeclampsia. The objective of the investigation was to study our hypothesis that hCG concentrations can distinguish a physiological form of high thyroid function from a more pathological form of high thyroid function and that the risk of preeclampsia would differ accordingly. TSH, free T 4 , hCG, or thyroperoxidase antibody concentrations were determined in pregnant women participating in a population-based prospective cohort study. The study was conducted in the general community. A nonselected sample of 5146 pregnant women participated in the study. There were no interventions. Preeclampsia was measured. Women with high hCG-associated high thyroid function did not have a higher risk of preeclampsia than women with normal thyroid function. In contrast, women with low hCG and high thyroid function had a 3.4- to 11.1-fold higher risk of preeclampsia. These risk estimates were amplified in women with a high body mass index. Women with a low hCG and suppressed TSH (<0.10 mU/L) had a 3.2- to 8.9-fold higher risk of preeclampsia. hCG was not associated with preeclampsia, and results remained similar after exclusion of thyroperoxidase antibody-positive women. This study suggests that, in contrast to women with a high hCG associated high thyroid function, women with low hCG and high thyroid function during pregnancy are at a higher risk of developing preeclampsia. The additional measurement of hCG may therefore help to distinguish a more pathological form of high thyroid function and women at a high risk of preeclampsia.

A unifying paradigm for naphthoquinone-based meroterpenoid (bio)synthesis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miles, Zachary D.; Diethelm, Stefan; Pepper, Henry P.; Huang, David M.; George, Jonathan H.; Moore, Bradley S.

2017-12-01

Bacterial meroterpenoids constitute an important class of natural products with diverse biological properties and therapeutic potential. The biosynthetic logic for their production is unknown and defies explanation via classical biochemical paradigms. A large subgroup of naphthoquinone-based meroterpenoids exhibits a substitution pattern of the polyketide-derived aromatic core that seemingly contradicts the established reactivity pattern of polyketide phenol nucleophiles and terpene diphosphate electrophiles. We report the discovery of a hitherto unprecedented enzyme-promoted α-hydroxyketone rearrangement catalysed by vanadium-dependent haloperoxidases to account for these discrepancies in the merochlorin and napyradiomycin class of meroterpenoid antibiotics, and we demonstrate that the α-hydroxyketone rearrangement is potentially a conserved biosynthetic reaction in this molecular class. The biosynthetic α-hydroxyketone rearrangement was applied in a concise total synthesis of naphthomevalin, a prominent member of the napyradiomycin meroterpenes, and sheds further light on the mechanism of this unifying enzymatic transformation.

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) concentrations during the late first trimester are associated with fetal growth in a fetal sex-specific manner.

PubMed

Barjaktarovic, Mirjana; Korevaar, Tim I M; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; de Rijke, Yolanda B; Visser, Theo J; Peeters, Robin P; Steegers, Eric A P

2017-02-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a pregnancy-specific hormone that regulates placental development. hCG concentrations vary widely throughout gestation and differ based on fetal sex. Abnormal hCG concentrations are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including fetal growth restriction. We studied the association of hCG concentrations with fetal growth and birth weight. In addition, we investigated effect modification by gestational age of hCG measurement and fetal sex. Total serum hCG (median 14.4 weeks, 95 % range 10.1-26.2), estimated fetal weight (measured by ultrasound during 18-25th weeks and >25th weeks) and birth weight were measured in 7987 mother-child pairs from the Generation R cohort and used to establish fetal growth. Small for gestational age (SGA) was defined as a standardized birth weight lower than the 10th percentile of the study population. There was a non-linear association of hCG with birth weight (P = 0.009). However, only low hCG concentrations measured during the late first trimester (11th and 12th week) were associated with birth weight and SGA. Low hCG concentrations measured in the late first trimester were also associated with decreased fetal growth (P = 0.0002). This was the case for both male and female fetuses. In contrast, high hCG concentrations during the late first trimester were associated with increased fetal growth amongst female, but not male fetuses. Low hCG in the late first trimester is associated with lower birth weight due to a decrease in fetal growth. Fetal sex differences exist in the association of hCG concentrations with fetal growth.

Discrepant serum and urine β-hCG results due to production of β-hCG by a cribriform-morular variant of thyroid papillary carcinoma.

PubMed

Alikhan, Mir; Koshy, Anoopa; Hyjek, Elizabeth; Stenson, Kerstin; Cohen, Ronald N; Yeo, Kiang-Teck J

2015-01-01

Although patients with medullary thyroid cancer are known to present with paraneoplastic hormone production, this is much less common with papillary thyroid cancer. We present a patient with the cribriform morular variant of papillary thyroid cancer in association with familial adenomatous polyposis who developed a positive pregnancy test in the absence of known pregnancy. The patient had developed vaginal bleeding, and her laboratory testing was characterized by elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) concentrations, but negative qualitative urine results. After a thorough gynecological evaluation to exclude unexpected normal, ectopic, or molar pregnancy, we pursued an evaluation for other sources of β-hCG production. We showed that the elevated serum β-hCG concentrations were not the result of heterophile antibody interferences, and ultimately we proved that her recurrent tumor produced the ectopic β-hCG. This is the first report of β-hCG production by papillary thyroid cancer. Thus, the possibility of ectopic production of β-hCG by papillary thyroid cancer needs to be included in the differential diagnosis of elevated hCG concentration in the absence of pregnancy. This study of an unusual paraneoplastic syndrome highlights the importance of investigating discrepancies in the clinical laboratory. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Micro-dose hCG as luteal phase support without exogenous progesterone administration: mathematical modelling of the hCG concentration in circulation and initial clinical experience.

PubMed

Andersen, C Yding; Fischer, R; Giorgione, V; Kelsey, Thomas W

2016-10-01

For the last two decades, exogenous progesterone administration has been used as luteal phase support (LPS) in connection with controlled ovarian stimulation combined with use of the human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trigger for the final maturation of follicles. The introduction of the GnRHa trigger to induce ovulation showed that exogenous progesterone administration without hCG supplementation was insufficient to obtain satisfactory pregnancy rates. This has prompted development of alternative strategies for LPS. Augmenting the local endogenous production of progesterone by the multiple corpora lutea has been one focus with emphasis on one hand to avoid development of ovarian hyper-stimulation syndrome and, on the other hand, to provide adequate levels of progesterone to sustain implantation. The present study evaluates the use of micro-dose hCG for LPS support and examines the potential advances and disadvantages. Based on the pharmacokinetic characteristics of hCG, the mathematical modelling of the concentration profiles of hCG during the luteal phase has been evaluated in connection with several different approaches for hCG administration as LPS. It is suggested that the currently employed LPS provided in connection with the GnRHa trigger (i.e. 1.500 IU) is too strong, and that daily micro-dose hCG administration is likely to provide an optimised LPS with the current available drugs. Initial clinical results with the micro-dose hCG approach are presented.

Standardization of Epitopes for Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Immunoassays.

PubMed

Berger, Peter; Lapthorn, Adrian J

2016-01-01

hCG and its variants are markers for pregnancy tests, pregnancyrelated complications, trophoblastic diseases, pre-natal screening of Down's syndrome and doping controls. Strong demands are imposed on diagnostic methods by the dynamic changes in the absolute and relative levels of hCG protein backbone variants and glycosylation isoforms in serum and urine during development of pregnancy or the progression/remission of tumors. Observed differences in the results between commercial diagnostic immunoassays reflect the unequal molar recognition of the different metabolic hCG variants, in particular the hCG beta core fragment (hCGβcf), by the diagnostic antibodies (Abs), as their epitopes are not standardized, and the fact that suboptimal hCG standards are used. To rapidly characterize Abs by their epitope recognition and specificity to evaluate their suitability for diagnostic immunoassays a procedure of comparative epitope mapping has been developed using epitope-defined reference Abs. Comparative epitope mapping of diagnostic Abs will provide the basis for the standardization of diagnostic antigenic domains/epitopes and consequently for improved reliability of hCG measurements. Diagnostic first line assays likely consist of pairs of Abs that recognize specific epitopes at the top of the neighboring peptide loops 1 and 3 (Ł1+3) and the cystine knot (ck) of hCGβ, respectively. In future, significant improvements of reliability, robustness and comparability of the results of immunoassays for complex glycoproteins such as hCG will be achieved by the use (i) of standardized diagnostic Abs against welldefined epitopes and (ii) of the new International Standards for hCG and for five hCG variants established by WHO, that are calibrated in molar (SI) units.

9 CFR 354.248 - Scope and applicability of rules of practice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope and applicability of rules of practice. 354.248 Section 354.248 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE... Maintenance of Sanitary Conditions and Precautions Against Contamination of Products § 354.248 Scope and...

Contact allergy to a contaminant in Kathon CG in the guinea pig.

PubMed

Bruze, M; Gruvberger, B; Persson, K

1987-01-01

Kathon CG is a commercial preservative, consisting of the two active ingredients, 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (5243-K-CG) and other components. 4,5-dichloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (45243-K-CG) is a contaminant in Kathon CG. The chemically related active ingredients are known to be contact sensitizers in humans and guinea pigs. Aims of this study were to determine the sensitizing capacity of this contaminant and also to investigate the cross-reaction pattern by guinea pig sensitization tests. 45243-K-CG was demonstrated to be a strong sensitizer; all animals reacting to 45243-K-CG also reacted to 5243-K-CG when rechallenged.

[Influence of hCG glycosylation on its functions in female reproduction].

PubMed

Oborná, I; Fingerová, H

To review contemporary knowledge of the hCG molecule, its isoforms and the importance of glycosylation. Biologic variants and glycoforms of hCG have different biological activities and functions related to the control of menstrual cycle, conception, gestation as well as gynaecologic and non-gynaecologic malignancies. A review. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Olomouc. To present own experience and an overview of recent literature in molecular biology, clinical biochemistry and clinical practice. Recent knowledge of the role of hCG glycosylation in physiologic and pathologic events in female organism will provide a better understanding of regulation of processes like ovulation (co-operation of pituitary hCG with LH), implantation and hemochorial placentation (invasivity of hyperglycosylated hCG). Some biologic variants and isoforms of hCG are important for the prediction of certain pathologies of pregnancy, prenatal screening of inborn errors (free beta hCG) as well as in the treatment of infertility.

Absence of TGF-β Receptor Activation by Highly Purified hCG Preparations.

PubMed

Koistinen, Hannu; Hautala, Laura; Koli, Katri; Stenman, Ulf-Håkan

2015-12-01

Recently, several LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor-independent activities for hCG have been described, including activation of the TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) by hyperglycosylated hCG and stimulation of trophoblast invasion. Because the hCG concentrations used in these studies have been rather high, reflecting physiological hCG levels in pregnancy, even a minor contamination with growth factors, which act at very low concentrations, may be significant. Several commercial hCG preparations have been found to contain significant amounts of epidermal growth factor (EGF), which we also confirmed here. Furthermore, we found that some hCG preparations also contain significant amounts of TGF-β1. These hCG preparations were able to activate ERK1/2 in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells or TGFβR in mink lung epithelial cells transfected with a reporter gene for TGFβR activation. No such activation was found with highly purified hCG or its free β-subunit (hCGβ), irrespective of whether they were hyperglycosylated or not. Taken together, our results suggest that the growth factor contaminations in the hCG preparations can cause activation of TGFβR and, at least in JEG-3 cells, MAPK signaling. This highlights the importance to carefully control for potential contaminations and that highly purified hCG preparations have to be used for biological studies.

Absence of TGF-β Receptor Activation by Highly Purified hCG Preparations

PubMed Central

Hautala, Laura; Koli, Katri; Stenman, Ulf-Håkan

2015-01-01

Recently, several LH/human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) receptor-independent activities for hCG have been described, including activation of the TGF-β receptor (TGFβR) by hyperglycosylated hCG and stimulation of trophoblast invasion. Because the hCG concentrations used in these studies have been rather high, reflecting physiological hCG levels in pregnancy, even a minor contamination with growth factors, which act at very low concentrations, may be significant. Several commercial hCG preparations have been found to contain significant amounts of epidermal growth factor (EGF), which we also confirmed here. Furthermore, we found that some hCG preparations also contain significant amounts of TGF-β1. These hCG preparations were able to activate ERK1/2 in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma cells or TGFβR in mink lung epithelial cells transfected with a reporter gene for TGFβR activation. No such activation was found with highly purified hCG or its free β-subunit (hCGβ), irrespective of whether they were hyperglycosylated or not. Taken together, our results suggest that the growth factor contaminations in the hCG preparations can cause activation of TGFβR and, at least in JEG-3 cells, MAPK signaling. This highlights the importance to carefully control for potential contaminations and that highly purified hCG preparations have to be used for biological studies. PMID:26495869

Nitryl chloride (ClNO2): UV/vis absorption spectrum between 210 and 296 K and O(3P) quantum yield at 193 and 248 nm.

PubMed

Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K; Talukdar, Ranajit K; Roberts, James M; Burkholder, James B

2012-06-21

Recent studies have shown that the UV/vis photolysis of nitryl chloride (ClNO2) can be a major source of reactive chlorine in the troposphere. The present work reports measurements of the ClNO2 absorption spectrum and its temperature dependence between 210 and 296 K over the wavelength range 200–475 nm using diode array spectroscopy. The room temperature spectrum obtained in this work was found to be in good agreement with the results from Ganske et al. (J. Geophys. Res. 1992, 97, 7651) over the wavelength range common to both studies (200–370 nm) but differs systematically from the currently recommended spectrum for use in atmospheric models. The present results lead to a decrease in the calculated atmospheric ClNO2 photolysis rate by 30%. Including the temperature dependence of the ClNO2 spectrum decreases the calculated atmospheric photolysis rate at lower temperatures (higher altitudes) even further. A parametrization of the wavelength and temperature dependence of the ClNO2 spectrum is presented. O(3P) quantum yields, Φ(ClNO2)(O), in the photolysis of ClNO2 at 193 and 248 nm were measured at 296 K using pulsed laser photolysis combined with atomic resonance fluorescence detection of O(3P) atoms. Φ(ClNO2)(O)(λ) was found to be 0.67 ± 0.12 and 0.15 ± 0.03 (2σ error limits, including estimated systematic errors) at 193 and 248 nm, respectively, indicating that multiple dissociation channels are active in the photolysis of ClNO2 at these wavelengths. The Φ(ClNO2)(O)(λ) values obtained in this work are discussed in light of previous ClNO2 photodissociation studies and the differences are discussed.

Oxalyl chloride, ClC(O)C(O)Cl: UV/vis spectrum and Cl atom photolysis quantum yields at 193, 248, and 351 nm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K.; Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309

2012-10-28

Oxalyl chloride, (ClCO){sub 2}, has been used as a Cl atom photolytic precursor in numerous laboratory kinetic and photochemical studies. In this study, the UV/vis absorption spectrum of (ClCO){sub 2} and the Cl atom quantum yields in its photolysis at 193, 248, and 351 nm are reported. The UV/vis spectrum was measured between 200 and 450 nm at 296 K using diode array spectroscopy in conjunction with an absolute cross section obtained at 213.9 nm. Our results are in agreement with the spectrum reported by Baklanov and Krasnoperov [J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 97-103 (2001)], which was obtained at 11more » discrete wavelengths between 193.3 and 390 nm. Cl atom quantum yields, {Phi}({lambda}), were measured using pulsed laser photolysis coupled with time resolved atomic resonance fluorescence detection of Cl. The UV photolysis of (ClCO){sub 2} has been shown in previous studies to occur via an impulsive three-body dissociation mechanism, (COCl){sub 2}+ hv{yields} ClCO*+ Cl + CO (2), where the excited ClCO radical, ClCO*, either dissociates or stabilizes ClCO*{yields} Cl + CO (3a), {yields} ClCO (3b). ClCO is thermally unstable at the temperatures (253-298 K) and total pressures (13-128 Torr) used in our experiments ClCO + M {yields} Cl + CO + M (4) leading to the formation of a secondary Cl atom that was resolvable in the Cl atom temporal profiles obtained in the 248 and 351 nm photolysis of (ClCO){sub 2}. {Phi}(193 nm) was found to be 2.07 {+-} 0.37 independent of bath gas pressure (25.8-105.7 Torr, N{sub 2}), i.e., the branching ratio for channel 2a or the direct formation of 2Cl + 2CO in the photolysis of (ClCO){sub 2} is >0.95. At 248 nm, the branching ratio for channel 2a was determined to be 0.79 {+-} 0.15, while the total Cl atom yield, i.e., following the completion of reaction (4), was found to be 1.98 {+-} 0.26 independent of bath gas pressure (15-70 Torr, N{sub 2}). {Phi}(351 nm) was found to be pressure dependent between 7.8 and 122.4 Torr (He, N{sub 2}). The

Oxalyl chloride, ClC(O)C(O)Cl: UV/vis spectrum and Cl atom photolysis quantum yields at 193, 248, and 351 nm.

PubMed

Ghosh, Buddhadeb; Papanastasiou, Dimitrios K; Burkholder, James B

2012-10-28

Oxalyl chloride, (ClCO)(2), has been used as a Cl atom photolytic precursor in numerous laboratory kinetic and photochemical studies. In this study, the UV/vis absorption spectrum of (ClCO)(2) and the Cl atom quantum yields in its photolysis at 193, 248, and 351 nm are reported. The UV∕vis spectrum was measured between 200 and 450 nm at 296 K using diode array spectroscopy in conjunction with an absolute cross section obtained at 213.9 nm. Our results are in agreement with the spectrum reported by Baklanov and Krasnoperov [J. Phys. Chem. A 105, 97-103 (2001)], which was obtained at 11 discrete wavelengths between 193.3 and 390 nm. Cl atom quantum yields, Φ(λ), were measured using pulsed laser photolysis coupled with time resolved atomic resonance fluorescence detection of Cl. The UV photolysis of (ClCO)(2) has been shown in previous studies to occur via an impulsive three-body dissociation mechanism, (COCl)(2) + hv → ClCO* + Cl + CO (2), where the excited ClCO radical, ClCO*, either dissociates or stabilizes ClCO* → Cl + CO (3a), → ClCO (3b). ClCO is thermally unstable at the temperatures (253-298 K) and total pressures (13-128 Torr) used in our experiments ClCO + M → Cl + CO + M (4) leading to the formation of a secondary Cl atom that was resolvable in the Cl atom temporal profiles obtained in the 248 and 351 nm photolysis of (ClCO)(2). Φ(193 nm) was found to be 2.07 ± 0.37 independent of bath gas pressure (25.8-105.7 Torr, N(2)), i.e., the branching ratio for channel 2a or the direct formation of 2Cl + 2CO in the photolysis of (ClCO)(2) is >0.95. At 248 nm, the branching ratio for channel 2a was determined to be 0.79 ± 0.15, while the total Cl atom yield, i.e., following the completion of reaction (4), was found to be 1.98 ± 0.26 independent of bath gas pressure (15-70 Torr, N(2)). Φ(351 nm) was found to be pressure dependent between 7.8 and 122.4 Torr (He, N(2)). The low-pressure limit of the total Cl atom quantum yield, Φ(0)(351 nm), was 2

Pulsatile GnRH Is Superior to hCG in Therapeutic Efficacy in Adolescent Boys With Hypogonadotropic Hypogonadodism.

PubMed

Gong, Chunxiu; Liu, Ying; Qin, Miao; Wu, Di; Wang, Xiaoling

2015-07-01

We investigated the efficacy and safety of two different treatments that have not been evaluated in peripuberty boys with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH). The objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness and safety of GnRH or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment in adolescent boys with HH. Twelve patients received 8-10 μg of GnRH, sc injected every 90 minutes using a pump. Another 22 patients received hCG, injected im as follows: for the first 3 months, 1000 IU of hCG was injected two times per week and then once every other day for the next 3 months. The dose of hCG was increased to 2000 IU after a 6-month treatment and the above cycle was repeated for another 6 months. All patients were treated for 12-14 months and followed up every 3 months. Thirty-five participants were chosen from Beijing Children's Hospital from 2008 to 2014. Twenty-three patients with Kallmann syndrome and 12 with normosmic idiopathic hypogonadotropic hypogonadism. The age ranged from 10 to 16 years. Twelve patients were treated with pulsatile pump GnRH (group 1), and 22 patients were treated with im hCG (group 2). One patient was treated successively with hCG and GnRH, which was removed in data analysis. Testicular volume was measured by an orchidometer. The levels of T, LH, and FSH serum were measured with a chemiluminesent immunoassay. Bone age was measured by x-ray. Patients treated with GnRH showed larger testes than those treated with hCG. Patients in both groups showed a significantly increased length of penis and T levels. But the difference of the two groups was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference in side effects in both groups. Boys with HH may be effectively treated with GnRH. We suggested that GnRH exhibits higher efficacy in treating adolescent boys with HH than hCG.

7 CFR 248.5 - Selection of new State agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Selection of new State agencies. 248.5 Section 248.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility...

7 CFR 248.5 - Selection of new State agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Selection of new State agencies. 248.5 Section 248.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility...

7 CFR 248.5 - Selection of new State agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Selection of new State agencies. 248.5 Section 248.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility...

7 CFR 248.5 - Selection of new State agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Selection of new State agencies. 248.5 Section 248.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility...

7 CFR 248.5 - Selection of new State agencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Selection of new State agencies. 248.5 Section 248.5 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility...

17 CFR 248.126 - Delivery of opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Delivery of opt out notices. 248.126 Section 248.126 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer obtained a product or service electronically and requires the...

17 CFR 248.124 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Reasonable opportunity to opt out. 248.124 Section 248.124 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer has obtained a product or service. The consumer acknowledges...

17 CFR 248.124 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Reasonable opportunity to opt out. 248.124 Section 248.124 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer has obtained a product or service. The consumer acknowledges...

17 CFR 248.126 - Delivery of opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Delivery of opt out notices. 248.126 Section 248.126 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer obtained a product or service electronically and requires the...

17 CFR 248.124 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reasonable opportunity to opt out. 248.124 Section 248.124 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer has obtained a product or service. The consumer acknowledges...

17 CFR 248.126 - Delivery of opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Delivery of opt out notices. 248.126 Section 248.126 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer obtained a product or service electronically and requires the...

17 CFR 248.124 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Reasonable opportunity to opt out. 248.124 Section 248.124 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer has obtained a product or service. The consumer acknowledges...

17 CFR 248.126 - Delivery of opt out notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Delivery of opt out notices. 248.126 Section 248.126 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION... Internet Web site at which the consumer obtained a product or service electronically and requires the...

17 CFR 248.124 - Reasonable opportunity to opt out.

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2010-04-01

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hCG activates Epac-Erk1/2 signaling regulating Progesterone Receptor expression and function in human endometrial stromal cells.

PubMed

Tapia-Pizarro, Alejandro; Archiles, Sebastián; Argandoña, Felipe; Valencia, Cecilia; Zavaleta, Keyla; Cecilia Johnson, M; González-Ramos, Reinaldo; Devoto, Luigi

2017-06-01

induction could not be blocked by inhibitors for PKA, PKC and PI3K. Epac inhibition and knockdown with siRNA prevented pErk1/2 induction by hCG. ESCs stimulated with hCG for up to 72 h showed a significant increase in PR mRNA and immunofluorescent label at 48 h only; an effect that was abrogated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor UO126. In addition, the hCG-activated Erk1/2 pathway significantly decreased the mRNA levels for secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (SFRP4) at 24 h, whereas it increased those for homeobox A10 (HOXA10) at 48 h (P = 0.041 and P = 0.022 versus control, respectively). Prolactin mRNA levels were not significantly modified. HOXA10 mRNA up-regulation by hCG was not enhanced by co-stimulation with progesterone; however, it was completely abolished in the presence of RU486 (P = 0.036 hCG versus hCG + RU486). N/A. This is an in vitro study utilizing stromal cell cultures from human endometrial tissues. Furthermore, results obtained should also be confirmed in vivo in the context of the whole human endometrial tissue and hormonal milieu. The in vitro experiments using hCG have been conducted without other hormones/factors that may also modulate the ESCs response to hCG. We have determined that hCG induces the PR through the Erk1/2 pathway in ESCs which may render them more sensitive to progesterone, increasing our understanding about the effects of hCG at the embryo-maternal interface. The activation of such a pathway in the context of the hormonal milieu during the window of implantation might contribute to a successful dialog between the embryo and the uterus, leading to appropriate endometrial function. Defective hCG signaling in the endometrial stromal tissue may lead to an incomplete uterine response, compromising embryo implantation and early pregnancy. This work was supported by the National Fund for Scientific and Technological Development, Government of Chile (FONDECYT) grants 11100443 and 1140614 (A.T.-P.). The authors have

LH and hCG Action on the Same Receptor Results in Quantitatively and Qualitatively Different Intracellular Signalling

PubMed Central

Casarini, Livio; Lispi, Monica; Longobardi, Salvatore; Milosa, Fabiola; La Marca, Antonio; Tagliasacchi, Daniela; Pignatti, Elisa; Simoni, Manuela

2012-01-01

Human luteinizing hormone (hLH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) act on the same receptor (LHCGR) but it is not known whether they elicit the same cellular and molecular response. This study compares for the first time the activation of cell-signalling pathways and gene expression in response to hLH and hCG. Using recombinant hLH and recombinant hCG we evaluated the kinetics of cAMP production in COS-7 and hGL5 cells permanently expressing LHCGR (COS-7/LHCGR, hGL5/LHCGR), as well as cAMP, ERK1/2, AKT activation and progesterone production in primary human granulosa cells (hGLC). The expression of selected target genes was measured in the presence or absence of ERK- or AKT-pathways inhibitors. In COS-7/LHCGR cells, hCG is 5-fold more potent than hLH (cAMP ED50: 107.1±14.3 pM and 530.0±51.2 pM, respectively). hLH maximal effect was significantly faster (10 minutes by hLH; 1 hour by hCG). In hGLC continuous exposure to equipotent doses of gonadotropins up to 36 hours revealed that intracellular cAMP production is oscillating and significantly higher by hCG versus hLH. Conversely, phospho-ERK1/2 and -AKT activation was more potent and sustained by hLH versus hCG. ERK1/2 and AKT inhibition removed the inhibitory effect on NRG1 (neuregulin) expression by hLH but not by hCG; ERK1/2 inhibition significantly increased hLH- but not hCG-stimulated CYP19A1 (aromatase) expression. We conclude that: i) hCG is more potent on cAMP production, while hLH is more potent on ERK and AKT activation; ii) hGLC respond to equipotent, constant hLH or hCG stimulation with a fluctuating cAMP production and progressive progesterone secretion; and iii) the expression of hLH and hCG target genes partly involves the activation of different pathways depending on the ligand. Therefore, the LHCGR is able to differentiate the activity of hLH and hCG. PMID:23071612

hCG stimulates angiogenic signals in lymphatic endothelial and circulating angiogenic cells.

PubMed

Schanz, Andrea; Lukosz, Margarete; Hess, Alexandra P; Baston-Büst, Dunja M; Krüssel, Jan S; Heiss, Christian

2015-08-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) has long been associated with the initiation and maintenance of pregnancy, where angiogenesis plays an important role. However, the function of hCG in angiogenesis and the recruitment of vascular active cells are not fully understood. In this study, the role of hCG and its receptor in circulating angiogenic and human endothelial cells, including lymphatic, uterine microvascular, and umbilical vein endothelial cells, was examined. Immunohistochemistry and immunoblot analysis were used to detect LH/hCG receptor expression and the expression of hCG-induced angiogenic molecules. HIF-1α was determined via ELISA and downstream molecules, such as CXCL12 and CXCR4, via real-time PCR. Chemotaxis was analyzed using Boyden chambers. Our results show that the LH/hCG receptor was present in all tested cells. Furthermore, hCG was able to stimulate LH/hCG-receptor-specific migration in a dose-dependent fashion and induce key angiogenic molecules, including HIF-1α, CXCL12, and CXCR4. In conclusion, our findings underscore the importance of hCG as one of the first angiogenic molecules produced by the conceptus. hCG itself alters endothelial motility, recruitment, and expression of pro-angiogenic molecules and may therefore play an important role in vascular adaption during implantation and early placental formation. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Role of CD248 as a potential severity marker in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

PubMed

Bartis, Domokos; Crowley, Louise E; D'Souza, Vijay K; Borthwick, Lee; Fisher, Andrew J; Croft, Adam P; Pongrácz, Judit E; Thompson, Richard; Langman, Gerald; Buckley, Christopher D; Thickett, David R

2016-04-14

CD248 or Endosialin is a transmembrane molecule expressed in stromal cells binding to extracellular matrix (ECM) components. It has been previously implicated in kidney fibrosis, rheumatoid arthritis as well as in tumour-stromal interactions. This study investigates the role of CD248 in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF). CD248 quantitative immunohistochemistry (IHC) was performed on lung samples from 22 IPF patients and its expression was assayed in cultured pulmonary fibroblasts and epithelial cells. Effects of CD248 silencing was evaluated on fibroblast proliferation and myofibroblast differentiation. IHC revealed strong CD248 expression in mesenchymal cells of normal lung structures such as pleura and adventitia but not in epithelium. Fibrotic areas showed markedly stronger staining than unaffected lung tissue. The extent of CD248 staining showed a significant negative correlation to lung function parameters FEV1, FVC, TLC, and TLCO (r2 > 0 · 35, p < 0 · 01). CD248 protein levels were significantly greater in IPF-derived lung fibroblasts vs normal lung fibroblasts (p < 0 · 01) and CD248 silencing significantly reduced the proliferation of lung fibroblasts, but did not affected myofibroblast differentiation. We conclude that CD248 overexpression is possibly involved in the pathogenesis of IPF and it has potential as a disease severity marker. Given that CD248 ligands are collagen type I, IV and fibronectin, we hypothesise that CD248 signalling represents a novel matrix-fibroblast interaction that may be a potential therapeutic target in IPF.

Hormone secretion by euthyroid and hypothyroid rat ovaries during the early stages of hCG-induced ovarian cyst development.

PubMed

Bruot, B C

1987-02-01

This study was undertaken to examine ovarian steroid production during the early stages of hCG-induced ovarian cyst formation in the hypothyroid rat. Rats were placed into two groups with one group made hypothyroid by adding thiouracil to their diet. After 10 days, each group was divided into two subgroups with one subgroup receiving daily injections of hCG for 2 days and the other subgroup receiving saline. On the morning of Day 13, ovaries were removed and incubated for 2 hr. No significant difference in progesterone secretion was observed. However, ovaries from hypothyroid, hCG-treated rats secreted significantly more testosterone and estradiol than ovaries from vehicle-treated, hypothyroid rats and euthyroid, hCG-treated rats. In a second experiment, ovaries from euthyroid and hypothyroid rats treated with hCG were incubated in medium supplemented with 100 nM androstenedione and 0 or 100 ng FSH/ml. FSH failed to affect progesterone, testosterone, and estradiol secretions by ovaries from euthyroid, hCG-treated rats. In contrast, FSH significantly enhanced testosterone and estradiol secretion by ovaries from hypothyroid, hCG-treated rats. These results support the hypothesis that increased levels of testosterone and estradiol secretion have a central role in the induction of polycystic ovaries by hCG in the hypothyroid rat.

Effect of C-G (Hithiol capsule) on radiotoxemia (in Japanese)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huruta, A.; Nakada, J.

1973-03-01

C-G capsule was administered to the patients treated with a large quantity of remote cobalt irradiation, and its effect on symptoms of radiotoxemia was examined. One capsule of C-G containing 80 mg of cysteine and 120 mg of glucose within one capsule were administered three times a day and one capsule out of three was administered between meals. Symptoms of radiotoxemia such as total fatigue, nausea and vomiting, and anorexia were observed. Blood examination was carried out before irradiation, and after irradiation it was carried out once a week. The reported cases consist of 10 cases of breast cancer andmore » its metastasis, four of brain neoplasms, three of penis neoplasms, two of uterus cancer (cervical uterus), two of larynx cancer, and one case each of maxilla cancer, tonsil cancer, parotid gland cancer, lung cancer, ovarian tumor, malignant lympadenoma, and chondrosarcoma. Six control subjects were used. Out of 28 cases, a dramatic response of the patients was recognized in five cases, an effective response in 19 cases, and an ineffective response in four cases. Two cases out of five that were treated with other preventives against radiotoxemia showed an ineffective response, and three cases showed effects thought to be potentiation. Especially, decrease of leukocytes was mild with prompt recovery. In the case of the chest and abdomen irradiation, four control subjects showed strong general radiotoxemia and marked decrease of leukocytes, and in the group administered C-G, one case discontinued irradiation. Moreover, symptoms, radiotherapy, radiotoxemia, and blood findings of the group administered C-G were also explained. (JA)« less

Early serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trends after medication abortion.

PubMed

Pocius, Katherine D; Maurer, Rie; Fortin, Jennifer; Goldberg, Alisa B; Bartz, Deborah

2015-06-01

Despite increased reliance on human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for early pregnancy monitoring, there is limited information about hCG trends soon after medication abortion. The purpose of this study was to determine if there is a predictable decline in serum hCG values shortly after medication abortion. This is a retrospective study of women with early intrauterine pregnancies who underwent medication abortion with mifepristone and misoprostol and had a serum hCG level on Day 1 (day of mifepristone) and a repeat value on Day 2 to 6. The percent hCG decline was calculated from baseline to repeat measure, with repeat values from the same patient accounted for through repeated measure analysis of variance. Eighty-eight women with a mean gestational age of 5.5 weeks and median baseline hCG of 5220 IU met study criteria over a 3-year period. The mean decline (±SD) in hCG from the Day 1 baseline value was 56.9%±29.5% on Day 3, 73.5%±38.6% on Day 4, 86.1%±8.8% on Day 5, and 92.9%±3.4% on Day 6. Eighty-two women (93% of the cohort) had a complete abortion without further intervention. The least square means hCG decline among these women was 57.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 50.3-64.9%] on Day 3, 78.9% (95% CI: 75.0-82.8%) on Day 4 and 86.2% (95% CI: 81.3-91.1%) on Day 5. There is a rapid decline in serum hCG within the first few days after early medication abortion. Further research is needed to delineate how soon after medication abortion this decline may be specific enough to confirm abortion completion. This study provides the largest cohort of patients followed with serial hCG values in the first few days after medication abortion. Our findings demonstrate the trend in hCG decline in this population, which may be predictable by Day 5. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 248.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.2 Definitions. For..., nutrition education, outreach, eligibility determination, and developing, printing, and distributing coupons...

7 CFR 248.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.2 Definitions. For..., nutrition education, outreach, eligibility determination, and developing, printing, and distributing coupons...

7 CFR 248.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.2 Definitions. For..., nutrition education, outreach, eligibility determination, and developing, printing, and distributing coupons...

7 CFR 248.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.2 Definitions. For..., nutrition education, outreach, eligibility determination, and developing, printing, and distributing coupons...

7 CFR 248.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.2 Definitions. For..., nutrition education, outreach, eligibility determination, and developing, printing, and distributing coupons...

Cytotoxicity Mechanism of Two Naphthoquinones (Menadione and Plumbagin) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

PubMed Central

Castro, Frederico Augusto Vieira; Mariani, Diana; Panek, Anita Dolly; Eleutherio, Elis Cristina Araújo; Pereira, Marcos Dias

2008-01-01

Background Quinones are compounds extensively used in studies of oxidative stress due to their role in plants as chemicals for defense. These compounds are of great interest for pharmacologists and scientists, in general, because several cancer chemotherapeutic agents contain the quinone nucleus. However, due to differences in structures and diverse pharmacological effects, the exact toxicity mechanisms exerted by quinones are far from elucidatation. Methodology/Principal Findings Using Saccharomyces cerevisiae, we evaluated the main mechanisms of toxicity of two naphthoquinones, menadione and plumbagin, by determining tolerance and oxidative stress biomarkers such as GSH and GSSG, lipid peroxidation levels, as well as aconitase activity. The importance of glutathione transferases (GST) in quinone detoxification was also addressed. The GSSG/GSH ratio showed that menadione seemed to exert its toxicity mainly through the generation of ROS while plumbagin acted as an electrophile reacting with GSH. However, the results showed that, even by different pathways, both drugs were capable of generating oxidative stress through their toxic effects. Our results showed that the control strain, BY4741, and the glutathione transferase deficient strains (gtt1Δ and gtt2Δ) were sensitive to both compounds. With respect to the role of GST isoforms in cellular protection against quinone toxicity, we observed that the Gtt2 deficient strain was unable to overcome lipid peroxidation, even after a plumbagin pre-treatment, indicating that this treatment did not improve tolerance when compared with the wild type strain. Cross-tolerance experiments confirmed distinct cytotoxicity mechanisms for these naphthoquinones since only a pre-treatment with menadione was able to induce acquisition of tolerance against stress with plumbagin. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest different responses to menadione and plumbagin which could be due to the fact that these compounds use different

7 CFR 248.3 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.3 Administration. (a... nutrition education in coordination with the WIC Program, coupon and market management, fiscal reporting...

7 CFR 248.3 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.3 Administration. (a... nutrition education in coordination with the WIC Program, coupon and market management, fiscal reporting...

7 CFR 248.3 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.3 Administration. (a... nutrition education in coordination with the WIC Program, coupon and market management, fiscal reporting...

7 CFR 248.3 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.3 Administration. (a... nutrition education in coordination with the WIC Program, coupon and market management, fiscal reporting...

7 CFR 248.3 - Administration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.3 Administration. (a... nutrition education in coordination with the WIC Program, coupon and market management, fiscal reporting...

Designing Light-Activated Charge-Separating Proteins with a Naphthoquinone Amino Acid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lichtenstein, Bruce R.; Bialas, Chris; Cerda, José F.

2015-09-14

The first principles design of manmade redox-protein maquettes is used to clarify the physical/chemical engineering supporting the mechanisms of natural enzymes with a view to recapitulate and surpass natural performance. Herein, we use intein-based protein semisynthesis to pair a synthetic naphthoquinone amino acid (Naq) with histidine-ligated photoactive metal–tetrapyrrole cofactors, creating a 100 μs photochemical charge separation unit akin to photosynthetic reaction centers. By using propargyl groups to protect the redox-active para-quinone during synthesis and assembly while permitting selective activation, we gain the ability to employ the quinone amino acid redox cofactor with the full set of natural amino acids inmore » protein design. Direct anchoring of quinone to the protein backbone permits secure and adaptable control of intraprotein electron-tunneling distances and rates.« less

Antistaphylococcal activity of CG400549, a new experimental FabI inhibitor, compared with that of other agents.

PubMed

Bogdanovich, Tatiana; Clark, Catherine; Kosowska-Shick, Klaudia; Dewasse, Bonifacio; McGhee, Pamela; Appelbaum, Peter C

2007-11-01

Among 203 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the MICs of CG400549 were 0.06 to 1.0 microg/ml, with MIC(50) and MIC(90) values of 0.25 microg/ml each. All strains were susceptible to linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin (MICs, 0.25 to 2.0 microg/ml). The daptomycin MICs were 0.25 to 2.0 microg/ml for methicillin-susceptible and 0.25 to 4.0 microg/ml against methicillin-resistant strains (including vancomycin-intermediate strains). Single-passage selection testing showed low resistance frequencies with CG400549, but multistep analysis showed that CG400549 yielded resistant mutants after 14 to 17 days in all strains tested.

17 CFR 248.127 - Renewal of opt out elections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.127... period expires, you may not make marketing solicitations to a consumer who previously opted out, unless... provided in § 248.122(b). (3) Affiliates who may provide the notice. The notice required by this paragraph...

Modulatory Effect of 2-(4-Hydroxyphenyl)amino-1,4-naphthoquinone on Endothelial Vasodilation in Rat Aorta.

PubMed

Palacios, Javier; Cifuentes, Fredi; Valderrama, Jaime A; Benites, Julio; Ríos, David; González, Constanza; Chiong, Mario; Cartes-Saavedra, Benjamín; Lafourcade, Carlos; Wyneken, Ursula; González, Pamela; Owen, Gareth I; Pardo, Fabián; Sobrevia, Luis; Buc Calderon, Pedro

The vascular endothelium plays an essential role in the control of the blood flow. Pharmacological agents like quinone (menadione) at various doses modulate this process in a variety of ways. In this study, Q7 , a 2-phenylamino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivative, significantly increased oxidative stress and induced vascular dysfunction at concentrations that were not cytotoxic to endothelial or vascular smooth muscle cells. Q7 reduced nitric oxide (NO) levels and endothelial vasodilation to acetylcholine in rat aorta. It also blunted the calcium release from intracellular stores by increasing the phenylephrine-induced vasoconstriction when CaCl 2 was added to a calcium-free medium but did not affect the influx of calcium from extracellular space. Q7 increased the vasoconstriction to BaCl 2 (10 -3  M), an inward rectifying K + channels blocker, and blocked the vasodilation to KCl (10 -2  M) in aortic rings precontracted with BaCl 2 . This was recovered with sodium nitroprusside (10 -8  M), a NO donor. In conclusion, Q7 induced vasoconstriction was through a modulation of cellular mechanisms involving calcium fluxes through K + channels, and oxidative stress induced endothelium damage. These findings contribute to the characterization of new quinone derivatives with low cytotoxicity able to pharmacologically modulate vasodilation.

31 CFR 248.3 - Advice of nonreceipt or loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Advice of nonreceipt or loss. 248.3... § 248.3 Advice of nonreceipt or loss. The payee or owner of a depositary check which is not received, or..., giving information as to the circumstances of the loss, theft or destruction of the check and whether it...

31 CFR 248.3 - Advice of nonreceipt or loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advice of nonreceipt or loss. 248.3... § 248.3 Advice of nonreceipt or loss. The payee or owner of a depositary check which is not received, or..., giving information as to the circumstances of the loss, theft or destruction of the check and whether it...

40 CFR Appendixes C-G to Part 80 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] C Appendixes C-G to Part 80 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Appendixes C-G to Part 80 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR Appendixes C-G to Part 80 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] C Appendixes C-G to Part 80 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) REGULATION OF FUELS AND FUEL ADDITIVES Appendixes C-G to Part 80 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 1065.248 - Gas divider.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... testing. You may use critical-flow gas dividers, capillary-tube gas dividers, or thermal-mass-meter gas... PROCEDURES Measurement Instruments Flow-Related Measurements § 1065.248 Gas divider. (a) Application. You may...

7 CFR 248.16 - Administrative appeal of State agency decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative appeal of State agency decisions. 248.16 Section 248.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM...

7 CFR 248.16 - Administrative appeal of State agency decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Administrative appeal of State agency decisions. 248.16 Section 248.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM...

7 CFR 248.16 - Administrative appeal of State agency decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Administrative appeal of State agency decisions. 248.16 Section 248.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM...

7 CFR 248.16 - Administrative appeal of State agency decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Administrative appeal of State agency decisions. 248.16 Section 248.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM...

7 CFR 248.16 - Administrative appeal of State agency decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Administrative appeal of State agency decisions. 248.16 Section 248.16 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM...

Anti-proliferative actions of 2-decylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone in vascular smooth muscle cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Jung-Jin; Institute of Drug Research and Development, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764; Zhang, Wei-Yun

2011-07-22

Highlights: {yields} 2-Decylamino-DMNQ inhibited PDGF-BB-induced VSMC proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with no apparent cytotoxicity. {yields} 2-Decylamino-DMNQ inhibited PDGF-BB-induced phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and PLC{gamma}1. {yields} 2-Decylamino-DMNQ arrested a G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} cell cycle progression in association with pRb phosphorylation and PCNA expression. {yields} Both U0126, an Erk inhibitor, and U73122, a PLC{gamma} inhibitor, arrested a G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} phase of the cell cycle. -- Abstract: Naphthoquinone derivatives have been reported to possess various pharmacological activities, such as antiplatelet, anticancer, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, we investigated the effects of a newly-synthesized naphthoquinone derivative, 2-decylamino-5,8-dimethoxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-decylamino-DMNQ), on VSMC proliferationmore » and examined the molecular basis of the underlying mechanism. In a dose-dependent manner, 2-decylamino-DMNQ inhibited PDGF-stimulated VSMC proliferation with no apparent cytotoxic effect. While 2-decylamino-DMNQ did not affect PDGF-R{beta} or Akt, it did inhibit the phosphorylation of Erk1/2 and PLC{gamma}1 induced by PDGF. Moreover, 2-decylamino-DMNQ suppressed DNA synthesis through the arrest of cell cycle progression at the G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} phase, including the suppression of pRb phosphorylation and a decrease in PCNA expression, which was related to the downregulation of cell cycle regulatory factors, such as cyclin D1/E and CDK 2/4. It was demonstrated that both U0126, an Erk1/2 inhibitor, and U73122, a PLC{gamma} inhibitor, increased the proportion of cells in the G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} phase of the cell cycle. Thus, these results suggest that 2-decylamino DMNQ has an inhibitory effect on PDGF-induced VSMC proliferation and the mechanism of this action is through cell cycle arrest at the G{sub 0}/G{sub 1} phase. This may be a useful tool for studying interventions for vascular restenosis in coronary

17 CFR 248.120 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.120 Definitions. As used in... Securities and Exchange Commission. (e) Company means any corporation, limited liability company, business... company means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company...

[Preparation of anti-hCG single domain antibody by antibody grafting technique using an antigen-binding peptide].

PubMed

Peng, Jing; Wang, Qiong; Cheng, Xiaoling; Liu, Mengwen; Wang, Mei; Xin, Huawei

2018-04-25

We used the antibody grafting technology to prepare anti-hCG single-domain antibodies on the basis of antigen-binding peptide to simplify the single-domain antibody preparation process and improving the biochemical stability of peptide. By using a universal single-domain antibody backbone (cAbBCII10), CDR1 or CDR3 was replaced by the hCG-binding peptide, and the grafted antibody gene sequences were synthesized and cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET30a(+) in fusion with a C-terminal sfGFP gene, i.e. pET30a-(His6)-cAbBCII10-CDR1/hCGBP1-sfGFP and pET30a-(His6)-cAbBCII10-CDR3/hCGBP3-sfGFP. The recombinant plasmids were transformed into E. coli BL21(DE3), and the fusion proteins were induced by IPTG. Highly soluble recombinant fusion proteins were obtained and purified by Ni-NTA affinity column. SDS-PAGE confirmed the purified protein as the target protein. The antigen-antibody binding assay showed that both the CDR1 and CDR3 grafted antibodies have hCG-binding activities. While the titers of the two grafted antibodies were similar, the binding affinity of CDR3 grafted antibody was higher than that of CDR1 grafted protein (about 2-3 times). The grafted antibodies retained the relatively high biochemical stability of the single-domain antibody backbone and were relatively thermostable and alkaline tolerant. The obtained antibodies also had a relatively high antigen-binding specificity to hCG. This study provided a reliable experimental basis for further optimization of anti-hCG single domain antibody by antibody grafting technology using antigen-binding peptide.

Antistaphylococcal Activity of CG400549, a New Experimental FabI Inhibitor, Compared with That of Other Agents▿

PubMed Central

Bogdanovich, Tatiana; Clark, Catherine; Kosowska-Shick, Klaudia; Dewasse, Bonifacio; McGhee, Pamela; Appelbaum, Peter C.

2007-01-01

Among 203 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, the MICs of CG400549 were 0.06 to 1.0 μg/ml, with MIC50 and MIC90 values of 0.25 μg/ml each. All strains were susceptible to linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin (MICs, 0.25 to 2.0 μg/ml). The daptomycin MICs were 0.25 to 2.0 μg/ml for methicillin-susceptible and 0.25 to 4.0 μg/ml against methicillin-resistant strains (including vancomycin-intermediate strains). Single-passage selection testing showed low resistance frequencies with CG400549, but multistep analysis showed that CG400549 yielded resistant mutants after 14 to 17 days in all strains tested. PMID:17875997

First service pregnancy rates following post-AI use of HCG in Ovsynch and Heatsynch programmes in lactating dairy cows.

PubMed

Shabankareh, H Karami; Zandi, M; Ganjali, M

2010-08-01

Lactating dairy cows (n = 667) at random stages of the oestrous cycle were assigned to either ovsynch (O, n = 228), heatsynch (H, n = 252) or control (C, n = 187) groups. Cows in O and H groups received 100 microg of GnRH agonist, i.m. (day 0) starting at 44 +/- 3 days in milk (DIM), and 500 microg of cloprostenol, i.m. (day 7). In O group, cows received 100 microg of GnRH (day 9) and were artificially inseminated without oestrus detection 16-20 h later. In H group, cows received 1 mg oestradiol benzoate (EB) i.m., 24 h after the cloprostenol injection and were artificially inseminated without oestrus detection 48-52 h after the EB injection. Cows in C group were inseminated at natural oestrus. On the day of artificial insemination (AI), cows in all groups were assigned to subgroups as follows: human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (O-hCG) (n = 112), O-saline (n = 116), H-hCG (n = 123), H-saline (n = 129), C-hCG (n = 94) and C-saline (n = 93) subgroups. Cows in hCG and saline subgroups received 3000 IU hCG i.m. and or 10 ml saline at day 5 post-AI (day 15), respectively. Pregnancy status was assessed by palpation per rectum at days 40 to 45 after AI. The logistic regression model using just main effects of season (summer and winter), parity (primiparous and pluriparous), method(1) (O, H and C) and method(2) (hCG and saline) showed that all factors, except method(1), were significant. Significant effects of season (p < 0.01), hCG and parity (p < 0.01), and a trend of parity and season (p < 0.1) were detected. A clear negative effect of warm period on first service pregnancy rate was noted (p < 0.01). The pregnancy rate was the lowest in the H protocol during warm period (p < 0.05). Treatment with hCG 5 days after AI significantly improved pregnancy rates in those cows that were treated with the H protocol compared with saline treatments (41.5% vs 24.8%; p < 0.01). O and H were more effective in primiparous than in pluriparous cows (46.1% vs 29.9%; p < 0.1 and 43.6% vs 24

7 CFR 248.8 - Level of benefits and eligible foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Level of benefits and eligible foods. 248.8 Section 248.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient...

7 CFR 248.8 - Level of benefits and eligible foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Level of benefits and eligible foods. 248.8 Section 248.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient...

7 CFR 248.8 - Level of benefits and eligible foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Level of benefits and eligible foods. 248.8 Section 248.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient...

7 CFR 248.8 - Level of benefits and eligible foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Level of benefits and eligible foods. 248.8 Section 248.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient...

7 CFR 248.8 - Level of benefits and eligible foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Level of benefits and eligible foods. 248.8 Section 248.8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Recipient...

Determination of serum hCG levels by radioreactor assay in the clinical laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyko, W.L.

1979-09-01

The radioreceptorassay (RRA) has been used for measuring human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in sera from 751 individuals. The RRA is shown to be sensitive (98%) and specific (99.8%) in detecting hCG in a wide variety of conditions, including normal pregnancy and threatened or missed abortions. As a rapid qualitative or semiquantitative assay for hCG, the RRA is a valuable adjunct in the laboratory to less sensitive tests for hCG. Variation among different quantitative assays for hCG is examined, and it is concluded that the same assay system should be used for monitoring hCG levels in a single individual over amore » period of time in order to avoid inconsistent results. Application of the quantitative RRA for hCG in detecting the midcycle luteinizing hormone surge in infertillity is also presented.« less

SDS-PAGE Electrophoretic Property of Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) and its β-subunit

PubMed Central

2005-01-01

The microheterogeneity property of hCG with regards to its sialic acid contents resulted in variable mobility of the glycoprotein in SDS-PAGE. The intact hCG molecule is composed of two dissimilar subunits, namely α- and β-subunits. The identification of hCG bands in SDS-PAGE was accomplished by the immunoblotting experiment, whereby the antibody directed toward the specific region of β-subunit of hCG was used. The data shows that the different mobility of intact hCG was attributed to the different degree of desialylation of the glycoprotein. Nevertheless, unlike the intact hCG, the mobility of its β-subunit was not affected by its variety sialic acid content. This characteristic of β-hCG is beneficial when semi-quantification of total hCG is required. Quantification of hCG using the HPLC-reversed phase C18 analytical column is not possible as the glycoprotein was eluted in multiple fractions at different retention times. The identification of denatured hCG (HPLC eluted fractions) was carried out by immunoblotting experiment whilst immunoassay technique failed to detect its presence in any fraction. PMID:16094462

Novel histone deacetylase inhibitor CG200745 induces clonogenic cell death by modulating acetylation of p53 in cancer cells.

PubMed

Oh, Eun-Taex; Park, Moon-Taek; Choi, Bo-Hwa; Ro, Seonggu; Choi, Eun-Kyung; Jeong, Seong-Yun; Park, Heon Joo

2012-04-01

Histone deacetylase (HDAC) plays an important role in cancer onset and progression. Therefore, inhibition of HDAC offers potential as an effective cancer treatment regimen. CG200745, (E)-N(1)-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N(8)-hydroxy-2-((naphthalene-1-loxy)methyl)oct-2-enediamide, is a novel HDAC inhibitor presently undergoing a phase I clinical trial. Enhancement of p53 acetylation by HDAC inhibitors induces cell cycle arrest, differentiation, and apoptosis in cancer cells. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of p53 acetylation in the cancer cell death caused by CG200745. CG200745-induced clonogenic cell death was 2-fold greater in RKO cells expressing wild-type p53 than in p53-deficient RC10.1 cells. CG200745 treatment was also cytotoxic to PC-3 human prostate cancer cells, which express wild-type p53. CG200745 increased acetylation of p53 lysine residues K320, K373, and K382. CG200745 induced the accumulation of p53, promoted p53-dependent transactivation, and enhanced the expression of MDM2 and p21(Waf1/Cip1) proteins, which are encoded by p53 target genes. An examination of CG200745 effects on p53 acetylation using cells transfected with various p53 mutants showed that cells expressing p53 K382R mutants were significantly resistant to CG200745-induced clonogenic cell death compared with wild-type p53 cells. Moreover, p53 transactivation in response to CG200745 was suppressed in all cells carrying mutant forms of p53, especially K382R. Taken together, these results suggest that acetylation of p53 at K382 plays an important role in CG200745-induced p53 transactivation and clonogenic cell death.

Serum β-hCG levels post-treatment of ectopic pregnancy with a single dose of intramuscular methotrexate.

PubMed

Hadinata, Ignatius E; Doyle, Lex W; Thompson, Derrick; Reti, Leslie

2015-04-01

The cytotoxic management of ectopic pregnancy using a single dose of intramuscular methotrexate injection has been well established as effective for a select number of women with unruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy where there are minimal symptoms. The purpose of this study was to create centile curves of serum β-hCG levels following successful treatment with a single dose of 50 mg/m(2) of intramuscular methotrexate to treat ectopic pregnancy. Data were retrieved from women treated at the Royal Women's Hospital for ectopic pregnancy between 2006 and 2012. Only women with minimal symptoms, initial serum β-hCG ≤5000 IU/L and ectopic mass size of ≤35 mm on ultrasound were included. Two hundred and fifty-three cases of ectopic pregnancy were analysed. Initial β-hCG of women in the study ranged from 18 to 3995 IU/L with a median of 497 (25th to 75th centiles; 222-1160) IU/L. The median levels of β-hCG levels at day 4, 7 and 14 postmethotrexate injection were 73.8, 47.2 and 10.4% of the initial β-hCG level, respectively. The 90th centiles of β-hCG levels at day 4, 7 and 14 were 124.7, 93.8 and 40.0% of initial β-hCG level, respectively. Whilst no comparison with those unsuccessfully treated was made, pending further validation studies, the use of these curves may reduce the reliance on specialist units and streamline care for many women with ectopic pregnancy, such as those whose β-hCG regress in line with centile values without crossing a certain threshold. © 2015 The Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.

Effect of recombinant-LH and hCG in the absence of FSH on in vitro maturation (IVM) fertilization and early embryonic development of mouse germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes.

PubMed

Dinopoulou, Vasiliki; Drakakis, Peter; Kefala, Stella; Kiapekou, Erasmia; Bletsa, Ritsa; Anagnostou, Elli; Kallianidis, Konstantinos; Loutradis, Dimitrios

2016-06-01

During in vitro maturation (IVM), intrinsic and extrinsic factors must co-operate properly in order to ensure cytoplasmic and nuclear maturation. We examined the possible effect of LH/hCG in the process of oocyte maturation in mice with the addition of recombinant LH (r-LH) and hCG in our IVM cultures of mouse germinal vesicle (GV)-stage oocytes. Moreover, the effects of these hormones on fertilization, early embryonic development and the expression of LH/hCG receptor were examined. Nuclear maturation of GV-stage oocytes was evaluated after culture in the presence of r-LH or hCG. Fertilization rates and embryonic development were assessed after 24h. Total RNA was isolated from oocytes of different stages of maturation and from zygotes and embryos of different stages of development in order to examine the expression of LH/hCG receptor, using RT-PCR. The in vitro nuclear maturation rate of GV-stage oocytes that received hCG was significantly higher compared to the control group. Early embryonic development was increased in the hCG and LH cultures of GV oocytes when LH was further added. The LH/hCG receptor was expressed in all stages of in vitro matured mouse oocytes and in every stage of early embryonic development. Addition of hCG in IVM cultures of mouse GV oocytes increased maturation rates significantly. LH, however, was more beneficial to early embryonic development than hCG. This suggests a promising new technique in basic science research or in clinical reproductive medicine. Copyright © 2016 Society for Biology of Reproduction & the Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of Polish Academy of Sciences in Olsztyn. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z o.o. All rights reserved.

17 CFR 248.5 - Annual privacy notice to customers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... relationship exists. You may define the 12-consecutive-month period, but you must apply it to the customer on a.... (b)(1) Termination of customer relationship. You are not required to provide an annual notice to a... customers required. 248.5 Section 248.5 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE...

17 CFR 248.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... becomes your customer, not later than when you establish a customer relationship, except as provided in... as authorized by §§ 248.14 and 248.15; and (2) You do not have a customer relationship with the consumer. (c) When you establish a customer relationship—(1) General rule. You establish a customer...

17 CFR 248.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... later than when you establish a customer relationship, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this... by §§ 248.14 and 248.15; and (2) You do not have a customer relationship with the consumer. (c) When you establish a customer relationship—(1) General rule. You establish a customer relationship when you...

17 CFR 248.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... later than when you establish a customer relationship, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this... by §§ 248.14 and 248.15; and (2) You do not have a customer relationship with the consumer. (c) When you establish a customer relationship—(1) General rule. You establish a customer relationship when you...

17 CFR 248.4 - Initial privacy notice to consumers required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... later than when you establish a customer relationship, except as provided in paragraph (e) of this... by §§ 248.14 and 248.15; and (2) You do not have a customer relationship with the consumer. (c) When you establish a customer relationship—(1) General rule. You establish a customer relationship when you...

An update on the clinical diagnostic value of β-hCG and αFP for intracranial germ cell tumors.

PubMed

Hu, Mingming; Guan, Hongzhi; Lau, Ching C; Terashima, Keita; Jin, Zimeng; Cui, Liying; Wang, Yuzhou; Li, Guilin; Yao, Yong; Guo, Yi; Li, Yan Michael; Zhong, Dingrong; Xiao, Juan; Wan, Xirun; Lian, Xin; Feng, Feng; Ren, Haitao; Zhao, Yanhuan; Cheng, Xinqi; Gu, Feng

2016-03-12

Pathological examination combined with tumor markers has become a standard for the diagnosis of intracranial germ cell tumors (ICGCTs), but the current concept of 'secreting germ cell tumors' and three empirically highly specific diagnostic criteria (β-hCG ≥ 50 IU/L or αFP ≥ 10 ng/mL; β-hCG ≥ 100 IU/L or αFP ≥ 50 ng/mL; β-hCG > 50 IU/L or αFP > 25 ng/mL) are not based upon pathology examination or CSF cytology. Further investigation is needed to re-evaluate their value. A multidisciplinary diagnostic team was created. Valid β-hCG/αFP data were collected from cases of ICGCTs confirmed by pathology and CSF cytology (n = 58) between 1991 and 2012, and from suspected ICGCTs cases (n = 17) between 2011 and 2012 as controls [Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH), n = 12; and other intracranial tumor (ICT), n = 5]. The cut-off points for β-hCG and αFP were calculated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. This study clarifies the relative rationality of one criteria (β-hCG > 50 IU/L and αFP > 25 ng/mL); confirms new β-hCG diagnostic cut-off points: CSF β-hCG ≥ 8.2 IU/L and serum β-hCG ≥ 2.5 IU/L (sensitivity of 47 and 34%, respectively, specificity of 100%, both; P < 0.05); and empirically adjusts the criteria for αFP to ≥ 3.8 ng/mL in CSF and to ≥ 25 ng/mL in serum. The total diagnostic sensitivity for ICGCTs finally increased from 34.6 to 65.4% (P < 0.05, diagnostic value of CSF β-hCG exceeds 90%). Subtype diagnosis improved with αFP in 16.7% of non-geminomatous germ cell tumor cases. New evidence-based criteria of β-hCG and αFP can help improving early and formal diagnosis of ICGCTs, and is of great clinical significance.

Myth vs. Fact: The Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG) Diet

MedlinePlus

... given by injection (using a needle), and hCG dietary supplements, taken by mouth as drops or pills. Health professionals have concerns about both types. www.hormone.org Risks of Injected hCG Women Men • irregular periods and • ...

Quantum mechanics/coarse-grained molecular mechanics (QM/CG-MM)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinitskiy, Anton V.; Voth, Gregory A.

2018-01-01

Numerous molecular systems, including solutions, proteins, and composite materials, can be modeled using mixed-resolution representations, of which the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach has become the most widely used. However, the QM/MM approach often faces a number of challenges, including the high cost of repetitive QM computations, the slow sampling even for the MM part in those cases where a system under investigation has a complex dynamics, and a difficulty in providing a simple, qualitative interpretation of numerical results in terms of the influence of the molecular environment upon the active QM region. In this paper, we address these issues by combining QM/MM modeling with the methodology of "bottom-up" coarse-graining (CG) to provide the theoretical basis for a systematic quantum-mechanical/coarse-grained molecular mechanics (QM/CG-MM) mixed resolution approach. A derivation of the method is presented based on a combination of statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, leading to an equation for the effective Hamiltonian of the QM part, a central concept in the QM/CG-MM theory. A detailed analysis of different contributions to the effective Hamiltonian from electrostatic, induction, dispersion, and exchange interactions between the QM part and the surroundings is provided, serving as a foundation for a potential hierarchy of QM/CG-MM methods varying in their accuracy and computational cost. A relationship of the QM/CG-MM methodology to other mixed resolution approaches is also discussed.

Quantum mechanics/coarse-grained molecular mechanics (QM/CG-MM).

PubMed

Sinitskiy, Anton V; Voth, Gregory A

2018-01-07

Numerous molecular systems, including solutions, proteins, and composite materials, can be modeled using mixed-resolution representations, of which the quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) approach has become the most widely used. However, the QM/MM approach often faces a number of challenges, including the high cost of repetitive QM computations, the slow sampling even for the MM part in those cases where a system under investigation has a complex dynamics, and a difficulty in providing a simple, qualitative interpretation of numerical results in terms of the influence of the molecular environment upon the active QM region. In this paper, we address these issues by combining QM/MM modeling with the methodology of "bottom-up" coarse-graining (CG) to provide the theoretical basis for a systematic quantum-mechanical/coarse-grained molecular mechanics (QM/CG-MM) mixed resolution approach. A derivation of the method is presented based on a combination of statistical mechanics and quantum mechanics, leading to an equation for the effective Hamiltonian of the QM part, a central concept in the QM/CG-MM theory. A detailed analysis of different contributions to the effective Hamiltonian from electrostatic, induction, dispersion, and exchange interactions between the QM part and the surroundings is provided, serving as a foundation for a potential hierarchy of QM/CG-MM methods varying in their accuracy and computational cost. A relationship of the QM/CG-MM methodology to other mixed resolution approaches is also discussed.

Navy CG(X) Cruiser Program: Background for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-28

NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS...Peters, “Navy’s Top Officer Sees Lessons in Shipbuilding Program Failures,” GovernmentExecutive.com, September 24, 2008) quoted Admiral Gary Roughead...number of CG(X)s could have changed.38 A related question was whether the schedule for procuring CG(X)s was properly aligned with foreign-country

Navy CG(X) Cruiser Program: Background for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-26

5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS...Peters, “Navy’s Top Officer Sees Lessons in Shipbuilding Program Failures,” GovernmentExecutive.com, September 24, 2008) quoted Admiral Gary Roughead...CG(X)s could change.40 A related question was whether the schedule for procuring CG(X)s was properly aligned with foreign-country ballistic missile

ksc-84pc-248

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-10-19

KSC-84PC-248 (For release Aug. 27, 1984) --- The Continuous Flow Electrophoresis System (CFES) is being installed in the middeck of the Orbiter Discovery in preparation for the flight of mission STS-41D in June. The CFES, originating from the McDonnell Douglas Astronautics Co. includes a fluid systems module, and experiment control and monitoring module, a sample storage module and a pump/accumulator package along with miscellaneous equipment stored in a middeck locker. Photo credit: NASA

Differential processing of the two subunits of human choriogonadotropin (hCG) by granulosa cells. I. Preparation and characterization of selectively labeled hCG

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Landefeld, T.D.; Byrne, M.D.; Campbell, K.L.

1981-12-01

The alpha- and beta-subunits of hCG were radioiodinated and recombined with unlabeled complementary subunits. The resultant recombined hormones, selectively labeled in either the alpha- or beta-subunit, were separated from unrecombined subunit by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, extracted with Triton X-100, and characterized by binding analysis. The estimates of maximum binding (active fraction) of the two resultant selectively labeled, recombined hCG preparations, determined with excess receptor were 0.41 and 0.59. These values are similar to those obtained when hCG is labeled as an intact molecule. The specific activities of the recombined preparations were estimated by four different methods, and themore » resulting values were used in combination with the active fraction estimates to determine the concentrations of active free and bound hormone. Binding analyses were run using varying concentrations of both labeled and unlabeled hormone. Estimates of the equilibrium dissociation binding constant (Kd) and receptor capacity were calculated in three different ways. The mean estimates of capacity (52.6 and 52.7 fmol/mg tissue) and Kd (66.6 and 65.7 pM) for the two preparations were indistinguishable. Additionally, these values were similar to values reported previously for hCG radioiodinated as an intact molecule. The availability of well characterized, selectively labeled hCG preparations provides new tools for studying the mechanism of action and the target cell processing of the subunits of this hormone.« less

Effects of preventing O-glycosylation on the secretion of human chorionic gonadotropin in Chinese hamster ovary cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Matzuk, M.M.; Krieger, M.; Corless, C.L.

1987-09-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a member of a family of heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones that have a common ..cap alpha.. subunit but differ in their hormone-specific ..beta..-subunits. The ..beta.. subunit of hCG (hCG..beta..) is unique among the ..beta.. subunits in that it contains four mucin-like O-linked oligosaccharides attached to a carboxyl-terminal extension. To study the effects of O-glycosylation on the secretion and assembly of hCG, expression vectors containing either hCG..beta.. gene alone or together with the hCG..cap alpha.. gene were transfected into a mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell line, 1d1D, which exhibits a reversible defect in O-glycosylation. The results revealmore » that hCG..beta.. can be secreted normally in the absence of its O-linked oligosaccharides. hCG..beta.. devoid of O-linked carbohydrate can also combine efficiently with hCG..cap alpha.. and be secreted as an intact dimer. The authors conclude that in Chinese hamster ovary cells, the hCG..beta.. O-linked chains play no role in the assembly and secretion of hCG. The normal and O-linked oligosaccharide-deficient forms of hCG secreted by these cells should prove useful in examining the role of O-linked chains on the biological function of hCG.« less

Dual triggering with GnRH agonist plus hCG versus triggering with hCG alone for IVF/ICSI outcome in GnRH antagonist cycles: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Chen, Chi-Huang; Tzeng, Chii-Ruey; Wang, Peng-Hui; Liu, Wei-Min; Chang, Heng-Yu; Chen, Huang-Hui; Chen, Ching-Hui

2018-03-29

To summarize available evidence from randomized-controlled trials which have evaluated triggering of final oocyte maturation with concomitant GnRH agonists and hCG in patients undergoing IVF, and to analyze whether dual triggering is as efficacious as hCG triggering in terms of oocyte and pregnancy outcomes. A comprehensive literature search was performed to identify randomized-controlled trials comparing IVF outcomes between women receiving combined administration of hCG with GnRH agonists and those receiving hCG alone for triggering of final oocyte maturation. Four studies including 527 patients eligible for inclusion in meta-analysis were identified. No significant difference in the number of mature oocytes or fertilized oocytes retrieved was found between groups. Clinical pregnancy rate with dual triggering was significantly higher as compared with hCG-alone triggering (pooled OR = 0.48, 95% CI 0.31-0.77, P = 0.002), but there was no significant difference in the ongoing pregnancy rate between groups. Results of meta-analysis indicate comparable or significantly improved outcomes with the use of GnRH agonists plus hCG as compared with hCG alone for triggering of final oocyte maturation.

248 mine, Terlingua quicksilver district, Brewster County, Texas

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yates, Robert G.; Thompson, George A.

1944-01-01

The 248 quicksilver mine is in Section 248, Block G-4, 2 miles east of Terlingua and 86 miles by dirt road from Alpine, Tex., the nearest railway shipping point (see accompanying maps). Cinnabar, the quicksilver mineral, was discovered before 1902. By 1934 there were only about 700 feet of subsurface workings, but in recent years the Esperado Mining Co., which has the property under lease, has greatly extended exploratory workings and has built a Herreshoff furnace rated at 40 tons per day. At the present time there are 1 1/3 miles of underground workings and 800 feet of surface trenches.

Serum hCG-β levels of postovulatory day 12 and 14 with the sequential application of hCG-β fold change significantly increased predictability of pregnancy outcome after IVF-ET cycle.

PubMed

Sung, Nayoung; Kwak-Kim, Joanne; Koo, H S; Yang, K M

2016-09-01

To investigate hCG-β level on postovulatory day (POD) 12 and its fold increase as predictors for pregnancy outcome after in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. A retrospective cohort study was performed in total 1408 fresh and 598 frozen cycles between November 2008 and October 2011, which resulted in biochemical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, or live birth of singleton pregnancy. The serum hCG-β levels of POD 12 and 14 were compared among biochemical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and live birth groups. The cutoff values of POD 12 and 14 hCG-β levels and the degree of hCG-β increase from POD 12 to 14 were determined for each pregnancy outcome. POD 12 and 14 hCG-β levels stratified based on pregnancy outcomes were significantly different among the biochemical pregnancy, early pregnancy loss, and live birth in both fresh and frozen cycles. Serum hCG-β levels of POD 12 and 14 and the fold increase of hCG-β levels from POD 12 to 14 significantly predict pregnancy outcomes after fresh and frozen cycles. Among these, the cutoff value of POD 14 hCG-β had the highest sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV). In fresh cycles, the cutoff values of POD 12 and 14 serum hCG-β levels for clinical pregnancies were 30.2 mIU/mL (sensitivity 81.3 %, specificity 79.6 %, and PPV 92.3 %) and 70.5 mIU/mL (sensitivity 88.4 %, specificity 85.2 %, and PPV 94.7 %). In pregnancies with POD 12 serum hCG-β levels ≥30.2 mIU/mL, the cutoff level of increase of hCG-β for clinical pregnancy was 2.56 (sensitivity 73.6 %, specificity 72.4 %, and PPV 97.8 %). Sequential application of cutoff values such as POD 12 hCG-β and fold increase of hCG-β improved predictability of pregnancy outcome as compared with that of POD 12 hCG-β alone. The cutoff values of POD 12 and 14 serum hCG-β levels for live birth were 40.5 mIU/mL (sensitivity 75.2 %, specificity 72.6 %, PPV 78.9 %) and 104.5 mIU/mL (sensitivity 80.3 %, specificity 74.1 %, PPV 80.8 %). In the frozen

7 CFR 248.4 - State Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility § 248.4... designated administering State agency and the WIC State agency, if different, for services such as nutrition...

7 CFR 248.4 - State Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility § 248.4... designated administering State agency and the WIC State agency, if different, for services such as nutrition...

7 CFR 248.4 - State Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility § 248.4... designated administering State agency and the WIC State agency, if different, for services such as nutrition...

7 CFR 248.4 - State Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility § 248.4... designated administering State agency and the WIC State agency, if different, for services such as nutrition...

7 CFR 248.4 - State Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) State Agency Eligibility § 248.4... designated administering State agency and the WIC State agency, if different, for services such as nutrition...

Calcitriol affects hCG gene transcription in cultured human syncytiotrophoblasts

PubMed Central

Barrera, David; Avila, Euclides; Hernández, Guillermo; Méndez, Isabel; González, Leticia; Halhali, Ali; Larrea, Fernando; Morales, Angélica; Díaz, Lorenza

2008-01-01

Background In pregnancy, maternal serum concentrations of calcitriol significantly rise as a result of increased renal and placental contribution in order to assure calcium supply for the developing fetus. Considering that placenta is a site for vitamin D activation, and the versatility and potency of calcitriol, it is feasible that this hormone participates in fetal/placental development and physiology. In the present work we studied calcitriol actions upon human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) secretion and expression in cultured trophoblasts, as well as vitamin D receptor (VDR) and CYP27B1 immunolocalization in placental villi. Methods Quantification of hCG in culture media was performed by immunoassay. Expression studies were carried out by real time PCR. Analysis of CYP27B1 and VDR localization in placental slides were performed by immunohistochemistry. Statistical significance was established by one way ANOVA using Tukey test for comparisons. Results Calcitriol regulated hCG in a time-dependent manner: at 6 h the secosteroid stimulated hCG, whereas longer incubations (24 h) showed opposite effects. Interestingly, calcitriol stimulatory effects on hCG were accompanied by an increase in intracellular cAMP content and were abolished by pre-incubation of the cells with a selective protein kinase A inhibitor. Immunohistochemical techniques showed differential VDR localization in the syncytiotrophoblast layer or in the vascular smooth muscle cells depending on the epitope to which the antibodies were raised (specific for the carboxy- or amino-terminal regions, respectively). CYP27B1 was immunolocalized in the syncytiotrophoblast layer of placental villi. Conclusion The presence and location of the vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1 as well as the specific receptor for vitamin D were shown in placental sections. The latter, together with findings demonstrating specific effects of calcitriol acting through the VDR and the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway upon hCG expression

Comparative effects of sub-stimulating concentrations of non-human versus human Luteinizing Hormones (LH) or chorionic gonadotropins (CG) on adenylate cyclase activation by forskolin in MLTC cells.

PubMed

Nguyen, Thi-Mong Diep; Filliatreau, Laura; Klett, Danièle; Combarnous, Yves

2018-05-15

We have compared various Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Chorionic Gonadotropin (CG) preparations from non-human and human species in their ability to synergize with 10 µM forskolin (FSK) for cyclic AMP intracellular accumulation, in MLTC cells. LH from rat pituitary as well as various isoforms of pituitary ovine, bovine, porcine, equine and human LHs and equine and human CG were studied. In addition, recombinant human LH and CG were also compared with the natural human and non-human hormones. Sub-stimulating concentrations of all LHs and CGs (2-100 pM) were found to stimulate cyclic AMP accumulation in MLTC cells in the presence of an also non-stimulating FSK concentration (10 µM). Like rat LH, the most homologous available hormone for mouse MLTC cells, all non-human LHs and CG exhibit a strong potentiating effect on FSK response. The human, natural and recombinant hLH and hCG also do so but in addition, they were found to elicit a permissive effect on FSK stimulation. Indeed, when incubated alone with MLTC cells at non-stimulating concentrations (2-70 pM) hLH and hCG permit, after being removed, a dose-dependent cyclic AMP accumulation with 10 µM FSK. Our data show a clearcut difference between human LH and CG compared to their non-human counterparts on MLTC cells adenylate cyclase activity control. This points out the risk of using hCG as a reference ligand for LHR in studies using non-human cells. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Carboxylation of cytosine (5caC) in the CG dinucleotide in the E-box motif (CGCAG|GTG) increases binding of the Tcf3|Ascl1 helix-loop-helix heterodimer 10-fold.

PubMed

Golla, Jaya Prakash; Zhao, Jianfei; Mann, Ishminder K; Sayeed, Syed K; Mandal, Ajeet; Rose, Robert B; Vinson, Charles

2014-06-27

Three oxidative products of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) occur in mammalian genomes. We evaluated if these cytosine modifications in a CG dinucleotide altered DNA binding of four B-HLH homodimers and three heterodimers to the E-Box motif CGCAG|GTG. We examined 25 DNA probes containing all combinations of cytosine in a CG dinucleotide and none changed binding except for carboxylation of cytosine (5caC) in the strand CGCAG|GTG. 5caC enhanced binding of all examined B-HLH homodimers and heterodimers, particularly the Tcf3|Ascl1 heterodimer which increased binding ~10-fold. These results highlight a potential function of the oxidative products of 5mC, changing the DNA binding of sequence-specific transcription factors. Published by Elsevier Inc.

The natural naphthoquinone plumbagin exhibits antiproliferative activity and disrupts the microtubule network through tubulin binding.

PubMed

Acharya, Bipul R; Bhattacharyya, Bhabatarak; Chakrabarti, Gopal

2008-07-29

Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone), a naphthoquinone isolated from the roots of Plumbaginaceae plants, has potential antiproliferative activity against several tumor types. We have examined the effects of plumbagin on cellular microtubules ex vivo as well as its binding with purified tubulin and microtubules in vitro. Cell viability experiments using human non-small lung epithelium carcinoma cells (A549) indicated that the IC 50 value for plumbagin is 14.6 microM. Immunofluorescence studies using an antitubulin FITC conjugated antibody showed a significant perturbation of the interphase microtubule network in a dose dependent manner. In vitro polymerization of purified tubulin into microtubules is inhibited by plumbagin with an IC 50 value of 38 +/- 0.5 microM. Its binding to tubulin quenches protein tryptophan fluorescence in a time and concentration dependent manner. Binding of plumbagin to tubulin is slow, taking 60 min for equilibration at 25 degrees C. The association reaction kinetics is biphasic in nature, and the association rate constants for fast and slow phases are 235.12 +/- 36 M (-1) s (-1) and 11.63 +/- 11 M (-1) s (-1) at 25 degrees C respectively. The stoichiometry of plumbagin binding to tubulin is 1:1 (mole:mole) with a dissociation constant of 0.936 +/- 0.71 microM at 25 degrees C. Plumbagin competes for the colchicine binding site with a K i of 7.5 microM as determined from a modified Dixon plot. Based on these data we conclude that plumbagin recognizes the colchicine binding site to tubulin. Further study is necessary to locate the pharmacophoric point of attachment of the inhibitor to the colchicine binding site of tubulin.

Influence of multiple injections of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) on urine and serum endogenous steroids concentrations.

PubMed

Strahm, Emmanuel; Marques-Vidal, Pedro; Pralong, François; Dvorak, Jiri; Saugy, Martial; Baume, Norbert

2011-12-10

Since it is established that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) affects testosterone production and release in the human body, the use of this hormone as a performance enhancing drug has been prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency. Nowadays, the only validated biomarker of a hCG doping is its direct quantification in urine. However, this specific parameter is subjected to large inter-individual variability and its determination is directly dependent on the reliability of hCG immunoassays used. In order to counteract these weaknesses, new biomarkers need to be evidenced. To address this issue, a pilot clinical study was performed on 10 volunteers submitted to 3 subsequent hCG injections. Blood and urine samples were collected during two weeks in order to follow the physiological effects on related compounds such as the steroid profile or hormones involved in the hypothalamo-pituitary axis. The hCG pharmacokinetic observed in all subjects was, as expected, prone to important inter-individual variations. Using ROC plots, level of testosterone and testosterone on luteinizing hormone ratio in both blood and urine were found to be the most relevant biomarker of a hCG abuse, regardless of inter-individual variations. In conclusion, this study showed the crucial importance of reliable quantification methods to assess low differences in hormonal patterns. In regard to these results and to anti-doping requirements and constraints, blood together with urine matrix should be included in the anti-doping testing program. Together with a longitudinal follow-up approach it could constitute a new strategy to detect a hCG abuse, applicable to further forms of steroid or other forbidden drug manipulation. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 58.248 - Nonfat dry milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA Inspection and Grading Service 1 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing Usda Official Identification § 58.248 Nonfat dry milk. (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial...

7 CFR 58.248 - Nonfat dry milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA Inspection and Grading Service 1 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing Usda Official Identification § 58.248 Nonfat dry milk. (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial...

7 CFR 58.248 - Nonfat dry milk.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Specifications for Dairy Plants Approved for USDA Inspection and Grading Service 1 Requirements for Finished Products Bearing Usda Official Identification § 58.248 Nonfat dry milk. (a) Nonfat dry milk in commercial...

Serum hCG Levels following the Ovulatory Injection: Associations with Patient Weight and Implantation Time

PubMed Central

Noorhasan, Dorette J.; McGovern, Peter G.; Cho, Michael; Seungdamrong, Aimee; Ahmad, Khaliq; McCulloh, David H.

2015-01-01

Objective. To test if serum hCG levels the morning after the ovulatory hCG injection correlate with (1) retrieval efficiency, (2) oocyte maturity, (3) embryo quality, (4) pregnancy, and/or (5) time to implantation in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Design. Retrospective cohort analysis. Setting. University-based IVF clinic. Patient(s). All IVF/ICSI cycles from April 2005 to February 2008 whose hCG administration was confirmed (n = 472 patients). Intervention(s). Serum hCG was measured the morning following the ovulatory injection, on the 16th day following retrieval, and repeated on day 18 for those with positive results. Main Outcome Measure(s). Number of follicles on the day of hCG injection, number of oocytes retrieved, maturity of oocytes, embryo quality, pregnancy outcome, and time to implantation. Result(s). hCG levels did not correlate with retrieval efficiency, oocyte maturity, embryo quality, or pregnancy. Postinjection hCG levels were inversely associated with patient weight and time to implantation. Conclusion(s). No correlation was found between hCG level and any parameter of embryo quality. Patient weight affected hCG levels following hCG injection and during the early period of pregnancy following implantation. No association between postinjection hCG level and time of implantation (adjusted for patient weight) was apparent. PMID:26587025

Intrauterine administration of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction.

PubMed

Craciunas, Laurentiu; Tsampras, Nikolaos; Coomarasamy, Arri; Raine-Fenning, Nick

2016-05-20

Subfertility affects 15% of couples and represents the inability to conceive naturally following 12 months of regular unprotected sexual intercourse. Assisted reproduction refers to procedures involving the in vitro handling of both human gametes and represents a key option for many subfertile couples. Most women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment will reach the stage of embryo transfer (ET) but the proportion of embryos that successfully implant following ET has remained small since the mid-1990s. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone synthesised and released by the syncytiotrophoblast and has a fundamental role in embryo implantation and the early stages of pregnancy. Intrauterine administration of synthetic or natural hCG via an ET catheter during a mock procedure around the time of ET is a novel approach that has recently been suggested to improve the outcomes of assisted reproduction. To investigate whether the intrauterine administration of hCG around the time of ET improves the clinical outcomes in subfertile women undergoing assisted reproduction. We performed a comprehensive literature search of the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Specialised Register, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, registers of ongoing trials andreference lists of all included studies and relevant reviews (from inception to 10 November 2015), in consultation with the Cochrane Gynaecology and Fertility Group Trials Search Co-ordinator. We included all randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating intrauterine administration of hCG around the time of ET in this review irrespective of language and country of origin. Two authors independently selected studies, assessed risk of bias, extracted data from studies and attempted to contact the authors where data were missing. We performed statistical analysis using Review Manager 5 in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of

17 CFR 248.201 - Duties regarding the detection, prevention, and mitigation of identity theft.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., prevention, and mitigation of identity theft. 248.201 Section 248.201 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-ID: Identity Theft Red Flags § 248.201 Duties regarding the detection, prevention, and mitigation of identity theft...

Non-chemically amplified 248-nm resist materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willson, C. Grant; Yueh, Wang; Leeson, Michael J.; Steinhausler, Thomas; McAdams, Christopher L.; Dammel, Ralph R.; Sounik, James R.; Aslam, M.; Vicari, Richard; Sheehan, Michael

1997-07-01

Remarkable progress has been made in the formulation of chemically amplified resists for deep-UV (DUV or 248 nm) lithography. These materials are now in general use in full scale manufacturing. One of the deterrents to rapid and universal adoption of DUV lithography has been the combination of high cost of ownership and a narrow process latitude when compared to conventional i-line process alternatives. A significant part of the high cost of the DUV process is associated with installing and maintaining special air handling equipment that is required to remove basic contaminants from the ambient. Manufacture process latitude demands this special air handling. The chemically amplified resists were developed originally to support mercury lamp powered exposure systems. The sensitivity realized by chemical amplification is required to enable useful productivity with such systems that generate very little DUV flux at the wafer plane. With the advent of high powered excimer laser based illumination systems for 248 nm steppers and step-and-scan systems, it is appropriate to re-examine the applicability of non-chemically amplified DUV resist systems. These systems are less sensitive but have the potential to offer both lower cost of ownership and improved process latitude. A series of photoactive compounds (PACs) have been synthesized and auditioned for use in the formulation of a non-chemically amplified 248 nm resist. The most promising of these materials are analogs of 3-oxo-3-diazocoumarin. This chromophore displays photochemistry that is analogous to that of the diazonaphthoquinones (DNQ) that are the basis of i-line resist formulations, but it bleaches at 248 nm. Several structural analogs of the chromophore have been synthesized and a variety of ballast groups have been studied with the goal of enhancing the dissolution inhibition properties of the molecule. The diazocoumarin PACs have been formulated with customized phenolic resins that were designed to provide the

Comparison of alternative βhCG follow-up protocols after single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal ectopic pregnancy.

PubMed

Şükür, Yavuz Emre; Koyuncu, Kazibe; Seval, Mehmet Murat; Çetinkaya, Esra; Dökmeci, Fulya

2017-12-01

To evaluate the performances of five different βhCG follow-up protocols after single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal ectopic pregnancy (EP). Data of patients who received single-dose methotrexate therapy for tubal EP at a university hospital between January 2011 and July 2016 were reviewed. A 'successful methotrexate treatment' was defined if the EP treated with no need for surgery. The performances of different protocols were tested by comparing with the currently used '15% βhCG decrease between days 4 and 7' protocol. The tested follow-up protocols were '20, 25%, and any βhCG decrease between days 0/1 and 7' and '20% and any βhCG decrease between days 0/1 and 4'. Among the 96 patients evaluated, 12 (12.5%) required second dose. Totally, 91 (94.8%) patients treated successfully with no need for surgery. Four patients were operated within 4 days following the second dose. One patient who did not need second dose according to the standard follow-up protocol was operated on the 10th day due to rupture (specificity = 80%). Two protocols, namely '20% βhCG decrease between days 0/1 and 7' and 'any βhCG decrease between days 0/1 and 7' did not show statistically significant differences from the index protocol regarding the number of patients who should be assigned to 2nd dose. 'Any βhCG decrease between days 0/1 and 7' protocol may substitute the currently used one to decide second dose methotrexate in tubal EP management. Omitting 4th day measurement seems to be more convenient and cost effective.

7 CFR 248.24 - Other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.24.... Russell National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786). [59 FR 11517, Mar...

7 CFR 248.24 - Other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.24.... Russell National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786). [59 FR 11517, Mar...

7 CFR 248.24 - Other provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.24.... Russell National School Lunch Act and the Child Nutrition Act of 1966 (42 U.S.C. 1786). [59 FR 11517, Mar...

Reference ranges and determinants of total hCG levels during pregnancy: the Generation R Study.

PubMed

Korevaar, Tim I M; Steegers, Eric A P; de Rijke, Yolanda B; Schalekamp-Timmermans, Sarah; Visser, W Edward; Hofman, Albert; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Tiemeier, Henning; Visser, Theo J; Medici, Marco; Peeters, Robin P

2015-09-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a pregnancy hormone secreted by the placental synctiotrophoblast cell layer that has been linked to fetal growth and various placental, uterine and fetal functions. In order to investigate the effects of hCG on clinical endpoints, knowledge on reference range (RR) methodology and determinants of gestational hCG levels is crucial. Moreover, a better understanding of gestational hCG physiology can improve current screening programs and future clinical management. Serum total hCG levels were determined in 8195 women participating in the Generation R Study. Gestational age specific RRs using 'ultrasound derived gestational age' (US RRs) were calculated and compared with 'last menstrual period derived gestational age' (LMP RRs) and a model-based RR. We also investigated which pregnancy characteristics were associated with hCG levels. Compared to the US RRs, the LMP RRs were lower, most notably for the median and lower limit levels. No considerable differences were found between RRs calculated in the general population or in uncomplicated pregnancies only. Maternal smoking, BMI, parity, ethnicity, fetal gender, placental weight and hyperemesis gravidarum symptoms were associated with total hCG. We provide gestational RRs for total hCG and show that total hCG values and RR cut-offs during pregnancy vary depending on pregnancy dating methodology. This is likely due to the influence of hCG on embryonic growth, suggesting that ultrasound based pregnancy dating might be less reliable in women with high/low hCG levels. Furthermore, we identify different pregnancy characteristics that influence total hCG levels considerably and should therefore be accounted for in clinical studies.

The influence of fetal sex in screening for trisomy 21 by fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A at 10-14 weeks of gestation.

PubMed

Spencer, K; Ong, C Y; Liao, A W; Papademetriou, D; Nicolaides, K H

2000-08-01

In a study of 2923 normal pregnancies and 203 pregnancies affected by trisomy 21 we have shown a significant difference in the median MoM of the markers: fetal nuchal translucency, maternal serum free beta-hCG and PAPP-A in the presence of a female fetus compared with a male fetus. For maternal serum free beta-hCG levels are higher by 15% if the fetus is chromosomally normal and by 11% if the fetus has trisomy 21. For maternal serum PAPP-A the levels in chromosomally normal fetuses are 10% higher in the presence of a female fetus and 13% higher if the fetus has trisomy 21. In contrast, fetal nuchal translucency is 3-4% lower in both chromosomally normal and trisomy 21 female fetuses. The consequence of such changes when screening for trisomy 21 will be a reduction in the detection rate in female fetuses by a factor of 1-2%. Correction of risk algorithms for fetal sex, however, is probably not feasible, since ultrasound detection of fetal sex is only 70-90% accurate in the 10-14 week period. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and scope. (a...”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing solicitations. (b...

Heterophile antibody interference in qualitative urine/serum hCG devices: Case report.

PubMed

Patel, Khushbu K; Gronowski, Ann M

2016-06-01

This case report investigates the origin of a false positive result on a serum qualitative human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) device. A 46-year-old woman diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia presented with nausea and vomiting. A qualitative serum hCG test was interpreted as positive; however, a quantitative serum hCG test was negative (<5IU/L). To further investigate this discrepancy, the sample was pretreated with heterophilic blocking reagent (HBR). Additionally, the sample was tested on other qualitative hCG devices composed of antibodies from different animal sources. Blocking reagent from an automated quantitative immunoassay was also tested for its ability to inhibit the heterophile antibody interference. The qualitative test result was negative after pretreatment with heterophilic blocking reagent. Other devices composed of antibodies from different animal sources also demonstrated mixed results with the patient's sample. Blocking reagent obtained from the automated quantitative assay inhibited the heterophile antibody interference in the patient's sample. This case demonstrates that positive serum point-of-care hCG results should be interpreted with caution and confirmed with a quantitative serum hCG immunoassay when clinical suspicion is raised. Copyright © 2016 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Quantum yield for carbon monoxide production in the 248 nm photodissociation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhao, Z.; Stickel, R. E.; Wine, P. H.

1995-01-01

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy has been coupled with excimer laser flash photolysis to measure the quantum yield for CO production from 248 nm photodissociation of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) relative to the well-known quantum yield for CO production from 248 nm photolysis of phosgene (Cl2CO2). The temporal resolution of the experiments was sufficient to distinguish CO formed directly by photodissociation from that formed by subsequent S((sup 3)P(sub J)) reaction with OCS. Under the experimental conditions employed, CO formation via the fast S((sup 1)D(sub 2)) + OCS reaction was minimal. Measurements at 297K and total pressures from 4 to 100 Torr N2 + N2O show the CO yield to be greater than 0.95 and most likely unity. This result suggests that the contribution of OCS as a precursor to the lower stratospheric sulfate aerosol layer is somewhat larger than previously thought.

17 CFR 248.101 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) REGULATIONS S-P, S-AM, AND S-ID Regulation S-AM: Limitations on Affiliate Marketing § 248.101 Purpose and...” or “Act”), regulates the use of consumer information received from an affiliate to make marketing...

[Molecular pathogenesis of Waardenburg syndrome type II resulting from SOX10 gene mutation].

PubMed

Zhang, Hua; Chen, Hongsheng; Feng, Yong; Qian, Minfei; Li, Jiping; Liu, Jun; Zhang, Chun

2016-08-01

To explore the molecular mechanism of Waardenburg syndrome type II (WS2) resulting from SOX10 gene mutation E248fs through in vitro experiment. 293T cells were transiently transfected with wild type (WT) SOX10 and mutant type (MT) E248fs plasmids. The regulatory effect of WT/MT SOX10 on the transcriptional activity of MITF gene and influence of E248fs on WT SOX10 function were determined with a luciferase activity assay. The DNA binding capacity of the WT/MT SOX10 with the promoter of the MITF gene was determined with a biotinylated double-stranded oligonucleotide probe containing the SOX10 binding sequence cattgtc to precipitate MITF and E248fs, respectively. The stability of SOX10 and E248fs were also analyzed. As a loss-of-function mutation, the E248fs mutant failed to transactivate the MITF promoter as compared with the WT SOX10 (P<0.01), which also showed a dominant-negative effect on WT SOX10. The WT SOX10 and E248fs mutant were also able to bind specifically to the cattgtc motif in the MITF promoter, whereas E248fs had degraded faster than WT SOX10. Despite the fact that the E248fs has a dominant-negative effect on SOX10, its reduced stability may down-regulate the transcription of MITF and decrease the synthesis of melanin, which may result in haploinsufficiency of SOX10 protein and cause the milder WS2 phenotype.

Screening method to evaluate point-of-care human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) devices for susceptibility to the hook effect by hCG β core fragment: evaluation of 11 devices.

PubMed

Nerenz, Robert D; Song, Haowei; Gronowski, Ann M

2014-04-01

The predominant hCG variant in urine, hCG β core fragment (hCGβcf), has been demonstrated to cause false-negative results in qualitative point-of-care (POC) hCG devices. This is a major concern for healthcare professionals using POC pregnancy tests. We developed a screening method to evaluate qualitative POC hCG devices for their susceptibility to inhibition by hCGβcf. Using this method, we evaluated the performance of 11 commonly used devices. A wide range of purified hCG and hCGβcf concentrations were mixed and tested on 2 POC devices. By use of those results, a screening method was defined and 9 additional POC devices were evaluated. Two solutions containing (a) 500 pmol/L (171 IU/L) intact hCG with 0 pmol/L hCGβcf and (b) 500 pmol/L intact hCG with 500 000 pmol/L hCGβcf were used to screen all POC devices. The OSOM and Cen-Med Elite devices were found to be most susceptible to false-negative results due to hCGβcf. The BC Icon 20 and the Alere were the least susceptible. The remaining 7 were moderately affected. Devices that gave the strongest signal with hCGβcf alone were those that were least likely to show a hook effect. The screening method put forth here can be used by device users and manufacturers to evaluate POC devices for inhibition by hCGβcf. Of 11 devices evaluated, only 2 have been identified that exhibit minimal to no susceptibility to hCGβcf.

Regulation of the CgPdr1 Transcription Factor from the Pathogen Candida glabrata ▿

PubMed Central

Paul, Sanjoy; Schmidt, Jennifer A.; Moye-Rowley, W. Scott

2011-01-01

Candida glabrata is an opportunistic human pathogen that is increasingly associated with candidemia, owing in part to the intrinsic and acquired high tolerance the organism exhibits for the important clinical antifungal drug fluconazole. This elevated fluconazole resistance often develops through gain-of-function mutations in the zinc cluster-containing transcriptional regulator C. glabrata Pdr1 (CgPdr1). CgPdr1 induces the expression of an ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter-encoding gene, CgCDR1. Saccharomyces cerevisiae has two CgPdr1 homologues called ScPdr1 and ScPdr3. These factors control the expression of an ABC transporter-encoding gene called ScPDR5, which encodes a homologue of CgCDR1. Loss of the mitochondrial genome (ρ0 cell) or overexpression of the mitochondrial enzyme ScPsd1 induces ScPDR5 expression in a strictly ScPdr3-dependent fashion. ScPdr3 requires the presence of a transcriptional Mediator subunit called Gal11 (Med15) to fully induce ScPDR5 transcription in response to ρ0 signaling. ScPdr1 does not respond to either ρ0 signals or ScPsd1 overproduction. In this study, we employed transcriptional fusions between CgPdr1 target promoters, like CgCDR1, to demonstrate that CgPdr1 stimulates gene expression via binding to elements called pleiotropic drug response elements (PDREs). Deletion mapping and electrophoretic mobility shift assays demonstrated that a single PDRE in the CgCDR1 promoter was capable of supporting ρ0-induced gene expression. Removal of one of the two ScGal11 homologues from C. glabrata caused a major defect in drug-induced expression of CgCDR1 but had a quantitatively minor effect on ρ0-stimulated transcription. These data demonstrate that CgPdr1 appears to combine features of ScPdr1 and ScPdr3 to produce a transcription factor with chimeric regulatory properties. PMID:21131438

7 CFR 248.23 - Records and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.23..., FMNP coupon issuance and redemption, equipment purchases and inventory, nutrition education, and civil...

7 CFR 248.23 - Records and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.23..., FMNP coupon issuance and redemption, equipment purchases and inventory, nutrition education, and civil...

7 CFR 248.23 - Records and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.23..., FMNP coupon issuance and redemption, equipment purchases and inventory, nutrition education, and civil...

7 CFR 248.23 - Records and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.23..., FMNP coupon issuance and redemption, equipment purchases and inventory, nutrition education, and civil...

7 CFR 248.23 - Records and reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) Miscellaneous Provisions § 248.23..., FMNP coupon issuance and redemption, equipment purchases and inventory, nutrition education, and civil...

Negative βhCG and Molar Pregnancy: The Hook Effect.

PubMed

Lobo Antunes, Isabel; Curado, Joana; Quintas, Ana; Pereira, Alcides

2017-09-29

Molar pregnancy, included in gestational trophoblastic disease, is a benign pathology with ability to metastasize, usually occurring with excessively high βhCG levels. Clinical scenario is usually a woman in extremes of reproductive age presenting with amenorrhoea, pain and vaginal blood loss; signs derived from high βhCG levels may be present (hyperthyroidism, hyperemesis). Diagnosis is based on a positive pregnancy test - usually a qualitative urinary test. The limitation of this test results from its inability to become positive in presence of markedly high levels of βhCG, saturating the antigens used - known as the 'hook effect'. With the widespread use of gynaecological ultrasound cases of molar pregnancy have been diagnosed in timely fashion. We describe a case referred as a degenerating fibroid, with a negative urinary pregnancy test. Transvaginal ultrasound was highly suggestive of molar pregnancy, which was confirmed with a quantitative βhCG test, allowing for timely treatment. The importance of a high index of suspicion for this pathology is tremendous to avoid the devastating consequences of a delayed diagnosis.

Postmenopausal pregnancy? Evaluation of elevated hCG in a 59-year-old woman.

PubMed

Basham, Mary Margaret; Bryan, Teresa

2017-06-05

Slightly elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) can be a normal finding in postmenopausal women. We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with a history of abnormal uterine bleeding who presented with a concern for pregnancy after developing nausea and vomiting a few weeks after unprotected intercourse. Although pregnancy was extremely unlikely, hCG was obtained in order to reassure the patient since she reported that her mother conceived at the age of 60. Serum hCG was positive, prompting concern for malignancy versus pregnancy. Stable serum hCG levels, elevated follicle-stimulating hormone and negative transvaginal ultrasound ruled out both malignancy and pregnancy. Positive serum pregnancy test and hCG elevation was attributed to normal postmenopausal state. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Kinetics of OH- and Cl-initiated oxidation of CH2dbnd CHC(O)O(CH2)2CH3 and CH2dbnd CHCH2C(O)O(CH2)2CH3 and fate of the alkoxy radicals formed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivela, Cynthia; Blanco, María B.; Teruel, Mariano A.

2016-05-01

Rate coefficients of the reactions of OH and Cl radicals with vinyl and allyl butyrate were determined for the first time at 298 K and 1 atm using the relative method to be (in cm3 molecule-1 s-1): k1(OH + CH2dbnd CHC(O)O(CH2)2CH3) = (2.61 ± 0.31) × 10-11, k2(Cl + CH2dbnd CHC(O)O(CH2)2CH3) = (2.48 ± 0.89) × 10-10, k3(OH + CH2dbnd CHCH2C(O)O(CH2)2CH3) = (2.89 ± 0.31) × 10-11, and k4(Cl + CH2dbnd CHCH2C(O)O(CH2)2CH3) = (2.25 ± 0.96) × 10-10. Reactivity trends and atmospheric lifetimes of esters are presented. Additionally, a product study shown butyric acid and polifunctional products for the reactions of vinyl and allyl butyrate, respectively and general mechanism is proposed.

Photodissociation of pernitric acid (HO2NO2) at 248 nm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Macleod, Helene; Smith, Gregory P.; Golden, David M.

1989-01-01

The photodissociation of pernitric acid (PNA) was studied at 248 nm. The quantum yield for production of OH radicals is 34 + or - 16 percent. The yield of OH from PNA was measured relative to that of H2O2. The translational and rotational energy content of the OH photofragment from PNA was characterized. A fluorescent emission was also observed and characterized. It is attributed to electronically excited NO2 produced in the PNA photodissociation. A maximum yield of 30 percent for NO2 production was determined. The intensity of this emission, and a mass spectrometric peak at m/e = 33, were found to be useful means of characterizing the purity of the PNA sample.

Influence of Transcutol CG on the skin accumulation and transdermal permeation of ultraviolet absorbers.

PubMed

Godwin, Donald A; Kim, Nae-Hwa; Felton, Linda A

2002-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of Transcutol CG concentration on the transdermal permeation and skin accumulation of two ultraviolet (UV) absorbers, 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (oxybenzone) and 2-octyl-4-methoxycinnamate (cinnamate). The concentration of the UV absorber was held constant at 6% (w/w) for all vehicle systems while the concentration of Transcutol CG was varied from 0 to 50% (w/w). Data showed that both UV absorbers exhibited increases in skin accumulation with increasing concentrations of Transcutol CG. Skin accumulation of oxybenzone was significantly (P<0.05) greater than that of cinnamate for all formulations investigated. Oxybenzone skin accumulation ranged from 22.9+/-2.8 microg/mg (0% Transcutol CG) to 80.8+/-27.2 microg/mg (50% Transcutol CG). Cinnamate skin accumulation ranged from 9.0+/-0.9 microg/mg to 39.8+/-12.2 microg/mg at 0 and 50% Transcutol CG, respectively. No significant differences were found in the transdermal permeation of oxybenzone or cinnamate for any of the formulations tested. The results of this study demonstrate that the inclusion of Transcutol CG in sunscreen formulations increases the skin accumulation of the UV absorbers oxybenzone and cinnamate without a concomitant increase in transdermal permeation.

Validated spectrophotometric method for the determination, spectroscopic characterization and thermal structural analysis of duloxetine with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ulu, Sevgi Tatar; Elmali, Fikriye Tuncel

2012-03-01

A novel, selective, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method was developed and validated for the determination of the antidepressant duloxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation. The method was based on the reaction of duloxetine hydrochloride with 1,2-naphthoquinone-4-sulphonate (NQS) in alkaline media to yield orange colored product. The formation of this complex was also confirmed by UV-visible, FTIR, 1H NMR, Mass spectra techniques and thermal analysis. This method was validated for various parameters according to ICH guidelines. Beer's law is obeyed in a range of 5.0-60 μg/mL at the maximum absorption wavelength of 480 nm. The detection limit is 0.99 μg/mL and the recovery rate is in a range of 98.10-99.57%. The proposed methods was validated and applied to the determination of duloxetine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical preparation. The results were statistically analyzed and compared to those of a reference UV spectrophotometric method.

Surface enhanced Raman spectral studies of 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone.

PubMed

Geetha, K; Umadevi, M; Sathe, G V; Vanelle, P; Terme, T; Khoumeri, O

2015-03-05

Silver nanoparticles have been synthesized by a simple and inexpensive solution combustion method with urea as fuel. The structural and morphology of the silver nanoparticles were investigated through X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and Energy Dispersion Spectra (EDS) techniques. Structural and morphological results confirmed the nanocrystalline nature of the silver nanoparticles. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were also performed to study the ground and excited state behavior of 2-bromo-1,4-naphthoquinone (2-BrNQ) and 2-BrNQ on silver nanoparticles. Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) spectra of 2-BrNQ adsorbed on silver nanoparticles were investigated. The CO, CH in-plane bending and CBr stretching modes were enhanced in SERS spectrum with respect to normal Raman spectrum. The spectral analysis reveals that the 2-BrNQ adsorbed 'stand-on' orientation on the silver surface. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations are also performed to study the vibrational features of 2-BrNQ molecule and 2-BrNQ molecule on silver surface. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

1,4-Naphthoquinones potently inhibiting P2X7 receptor activity.

PubMed

Faria, R X; Oliveira, F H; Salles, J P; Oliveira, A S; von Ranke, N L; Bello, M L; Rodrigues, C R; Castro, H C; Louvis, A R; Martins, D L; Ferreira, V F

2018-01-01

P2X7 receptor (P2X7R) is an ATP-gated ion-channel with potential therapeutic applications. In this study, we prepared and searched a series of 1,4-naphthoquinones derivatives to evaluate their antagonistic effect on both human and murine P2X7 receptors. We explored the structure-activity relationship and binding mode of the most active compounds using a molecular modeling approach. Biological analysis of this series (eight analogues and two compounds) revealed significant in vitro inhibition against both human and murine P2X7R. Further characterization revealed that AN-03 and AN-04 had greater potency than BBG and A740003 in inhibiting dye uptake, IL-1β release, and carrageenan-induced paw edema in vivo. Moreover, we used electrophysiology and molecular docking analysis for characterizing AN-03 and AN-04 action mechanism. These results suggest 1,4-napthoquinones, mainly AN-04, as potential leads to design new P2X7R blockers and anti-inflammatory drugs. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Effect of GnRH and hCG on progesterone concentration and ovarian and luteal blood flow in diestrous mares.

PubMed

Brito, L F C; Baldrighi, J M; Wolf, C A; Ginther, O J

2017-01-01

The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of reproductive hormones (GnRH, hCG, LH and progesterone) on the regulation of corpus luteum (CL) and ovarian blood flow. Diestrous mares received a single treatment of saline, 100μg gonadorelin (GnRH), or 1500IU hCG 10days after ovulation. Plasma LH and progesterone concentrations, resistance index (RI) for ovarian artery blood-flow, and percentage of corpus luteum (CL) with color-Doppler signals of blood flow were determined immediately before treatment (hour 0) and at hours 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. In the GnRH group, LH increased (P<0.0001) between hours 0 and 0.25 and then progressively decreased; concentration of LH was not affected in the saline and hCG groups. Progesterone concentration was not different among groups. In the GnRH group, RI tended (P<0.07) to decrease between hours 0 and 1.5 and increased (P<0.01) between hours 1.5 and 4. In the hCG group, two transient RI decreases (P<0.05) occurred before hour 2. The percentage change from hour 0 in the percentage of CL with blood-flow signals was greater at hour 0.5 in the GnRH group than in the saline group and was intermediate in the hCG group. The similarity among groups in progesterone concentration indicated that changes in progesterone were not involved in the GnRH and hCG stimulation of ovarian vascular perfusion. Effects of treatment might have been mediated through LH; however, since hCG biological activity is primarily LH-like, the differences in timing and degree of ovarian and luteal blood flow changes after GnRH or hCG administration in the present study suggest that GnRH might have a direct effect on ovarian blood vessels and vascular control. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier B.V.

The molecular relationship between antigenic domains and epitopes on hCG.

PubMed

Berger, Peter; Lapthorn, Adrian J

2016-08-01

CGβŁ1+3 (aa 20-25+64+68-81) and hCGαŁ1 (aa 13-22; Pro16, Phe17, Phe18) plus hCGαŁ3 (Met71, Phe74), respectively, have been identified in the two "ISOBM Tissue Differentiation-7 Workshops on hCG and Related Molecules" and in other studies. These Abs recognize distinct but overlapping epitopes with slightly different specificity profiles and affinities. Heterodimeric-specific epitopes involve neighboring αŁ1 plus βŁ2 (hCGβ44/45 and 47/48). Diagnostically important Abs recognize the middle of the molecule, the ck (aa Arg10, Arg60 and possibly Gln89) and the linear hCGβCTP "tail" (aa 135-145; Asp139, Pro144, Gln145), respectively. Identification of antigenic domains and of specific epitopes is essential for harmonization of Abs in methods that are used for reliable and robust hCG measurements for the management of pregnancy, pregnancy-related disease and tumors. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Hybrid DFP-CG method for solving unconstrained optimization problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osman, Wan Farah Hanan Wan; Asrul Hery Ibrahim, Mohd; Mamat, Mustafa

2017-09-01

The conjugate gradient (CG) method and quasi-Newton method are both well known method for solving unconstrained optimization method. In this paper, we proposed a new method by combining the search direction between conjugate gradient method and quasi-Newton method based on BFGS-CG method developed by Ibrahim et al. The Davidon-Fletcher-Powell (DFP) update formula is used as an approximation of Hessian for this new hybrid algorithm. Numerical result showed that the new algorithm perform well than the ordinary DFP method and proven to posses both sufficient descent and global convergence properties.

Analytical and Clinical Validation of the Immulite 1000 hCG Assay for Quantitative Analysis in Urine

PubMed Central

Cate, Frances L.; Moffett, Courtney; Gronowski, Ann M.; Grenache, David G.; Hartmann, Katherine E.; Woodworth, Alison

2013-01-01

Background The Siemens Immulite hCG assay detects all major hCG variants in serum. Currently, this assay is only FDA approved for qualitative measurement of hCG in urine. Methods Complete validation of the hCG assay in urine was performed on the Siemens Immulite 1000 immunoassay platform. Reference intervals were established for females <55 y, females ≥55 y, and males 20–70 y. Results The limit of quantitation was 2.0 IU/l. The Immulite hCG assay was precise for measuring hCG in urine from pregnant patients with intra- and inter-assay imprecision of <11% CV. The assay was linear over a dynamic range of 2–2600 IU/l and 2–3500 IU/l for hCG and hCGβ respectively. The assay was non-linear for hCGβcf. No hook effect was observed at concentrations up to 1,200,000 pmol/l, for hCGβ or hCGβcf. The reference intervals were <2.0 IU/l for males, <2.2 IU/l for females <55 y, and <12.2 IU/l for females ≥55 y. Conclusion The Immulite 1000 hCG assay can accurately quantify hCG in urine. PMID:23470427

Antistaphylococcal activities of CG400549, a new bacterial enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (FabI) inhibitor.

PubMed

Park, Hee Soo; Yoon, Yu Min; Jung, Sung Ji; Kim, Cheol Min; Kim, Jeong Mi; Kwak, Jin-Hwan

2007-09-01

This study was performed to analyse in vitro and in vivo activities of CG400549, a new FabI inhibitor, against clinical isolates of staphylococci. The mode of action of CG400549 and resistance mechanism of Staphylococcus aureus against CG400549 were also investigated by genetic approaches. In vitro activity of CG400549 was evaluated by the 2-fold agar sdilution method as described by the CLSI, and compared with those of oxacillin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, sparfloxacin, moxifloxacin, gemifloxacin, vancomycin, linezolid and quinupristin-dalfopristin. In vivo activity of CG400549 was determined against systemic infections in mice. Time-kill curves of CG400549 were analysed at concentrations of 1 x , 2 x and 4 x MIC against S. aureus strains. CG400549 had the lowest MICs among the test compounds against 238 clinical isolates of S. aureus (MIC90, 0.25 mg/L) and 51 clinical isolates of coagulase-negative staphylococci (MIC90, 1 mg/L). The activity of CG400549 was irrespective of whether the strains were methicillin-susceptible or -resistant. Furthermore, CG400549 was effective by oral or subcutaneous administration against systemic infections in mice. In a time-kill study, CG400549 at concentrations of 1 x MIC, 2 x MIC and 4 x MIC had a bacteriostatic activity during 24 h. A FabI-overexpressing S. aureus strain gave rise to an increase in the MIC of CG400549 compared with the parental strain, while the susceptibilities of the FabI-overexpressing S. aureus strain to the other antibacterial agents such as oxacillin, erythromycin and ciprofloxacin were not affected. This result showed that the mode of action of CG400549 was via inhibition of FabI, which is involved in biosynthesis of fatty acids in bacteria. Study of the resistance mechanism of S. aureus showed that CG400549-resistant mutants of S. aureus had an alteration in FabI at Phe-204 to Leu. CG400549 had potent in vitro and in vivo activity against staphylococci, including methicillin-, ciprofloxacin- and

Exploring the DNA binding/cleavage, cellular accumulation and topoisomerase inhibition of 2-hydroxy-3-(aminomethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone Mannich bases and their platinum(II) complexes.

PubMed

Neves, Amanda P; Pereira, Michelle X G; Peterson, Erica J; Kipping, Ralph; Vargas, Maria D; Silva, Floriano P; Carneiro, J Walkimar M; Farrell, Nicholas P

2013-02-01

Several chlorido and amino Pt(2+) complexes of 2-hydroxy-3-(aminomethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinone Mannich bases HL exhibiting moderate to high cytotoxicity against cancer cell lines were studied in order to investigate their modes of DNA binding, in vitro DNA strand breaks, mechanism of topoisomerase (Topo I) inhibition and cellular accumulation. DNA model base studies have shown that complex 1a [Pt(HL1)Cl(2)] was capable of binding covalently to 9-ethylguanine (9-EtG) and 5'-GMP. (1)H NMR and mass spectrometry studies have shown that both chlorides were substituted by 9-EtG ligands, whereas 5'-GMP was able to replace only one chlorido ligand, due to steric hindrance. The chlorido Pt(2+) complexes [Pt(HL)Cl(2)] highly accumulate in prostate (PC-3) and melanoma (MDA-MB-435) cell lines, being able to induce DNA strand breaks in vitro and inhibit Topo I by a catalytic mode. On the other hand, the free 2-hydroxy-3-(aminomethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinones HL and the amino Pt(2+) complexes [Pt(L(-))(NH(3))(2)]NO(3) neither cause DNA strand breakage nor exhibit strong DNA interaction, nevertheless the latter were also found to be catalytic inhibitors of Topo I at 100μM. Thus, coordination of the Mannich bases HL to the "PtCl(2)" fragment substantially affects the chemical and biophysical properties of the pro-ligands, leading to an improvement of their DNA binding properties and generating compounds that cleave DNA and catalytically inhibit Topo I. Finally, the high cytotoxicity exhibited by the free (uncomplexed) 2-hydroxy-3-(aminomethyl)-1,4-naphthoquinones might be associated with their decomposition in solution, which is not observed for the Pt(2+) complexes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Association of ferroportin Q248H polymorphism with elevated levels of serum ferritin in African-Americans in the Hemochromatosis and Iron Overload Screening (HEIRS) Study

PubMed Central

Rivers, Charles A.; Barton, James C.; Gordeuk, Victor R.; Acton, Ronald T.; Speechley, Mark R.; Snively, Beverly M.; Leiendecker-Foster, Catherine; Press, Richard D.; Adams, Paul C.; McLaren, Gordon D.; Dawkins, Fitzroy W.; McLaren, Christine E.; Reboussin, David M.

2007-01-01

The ferroportin (FPN1) Q248H polymorphism has been associated with increased serum ferritin (SF) levels in sub-Saharan Africans and in African Americans (AA). AA participants of the HEIRS Study who did not have HFE C282Y or H63D who had elevated initial screening SF (≥300 μg/L in men and ≥200 μg/L in women) (defined as cases) were frequency-matched to AA participants with normal SF (defined as controls) to investigate the association of the Q248H with elevated SF. 10.4% of cases and 6.7% of controls were Q248H heterozygotes (P = 0.257). Q248H homozygosity was observed in 0.5% of the cases and none of the controls. The frequency of Q248H was higher among men with elevated SF than among control men (P = 0.047); corresponding differences were not observed among women. This appeared to be unrelated to self-reports of a previous diagnosis of liver disease. Men with elevated SF were three times more likely than women with elevated SF to have Q248H (P = 0.012). There were no significant differences in Q248H frequencies in men and women control participants. We conclude that the frequency of the FPN1 Q248H polymorphism is greater in AA men with elevated SF than in those with normal SF. PMID:17276706

Classification of pregnancies of unknown location according to four different hCG-based protocols.

PubMed

Fistouris, J; Bergh, C; Strandell, A

2016-10-01

How do four protocols based on serial human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) measurements perform when classifying pregnancies of unknown location (PULs) as low or high risk of being an ectopic pregnancy (EP)? The use of cut-offs in hCG level changes published by NICE, and a logistic regression model, M4, correctly classify more PULs as high risk, compared with two other protocols. A logistic regression model, M4, based on the mean of two consecutive hCG values and the hCG ratio (hCG 48 h/hCG 0 h) that classify PULs into low- and high-risk groups for triage purposes, identifies more EPs than a protocol using the cut-offs between a 13% decline and a 66% rise in hCG levels over 48 h. A retrospective comparative study of four different hCG-based protocols classifying PULs as low or high risk of being an EP was performed at a gynaecological emergency unit over 3 years. We identified 915 women with a PUL. Initial transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) findings categorised 187 of the PULs as probable intrauterine pregnancies (IUPs) and 16 as probable EPs. The rate of change in hCG levels over 48 h was calculated for each patient and subjected to three different hCG threshold intervals and a logistic regression model for outcome prediction. Each PUL was subsequently dichotomised to either low-risk (i.e. failed PUL/IUP) or high-risk (i.e. EP) classification, which allowed us to compare the diagnostic performance. In 'Protocol A', a PUL was classified as low risk if >13% hCG level decline or >66% hCG level rise was achieved; otherwise, the PUL was classified as high risk of being an EP. 'Protocol B' classified a PUL as low or high risk using cut-offs of 35-50% declining hCG levels and of 53% rising hCG levels. Similarly, 'Protocol C' used hCG level cut-offs published by NICE, 50% for declining hCG levels and 63% for rising hCG levels. Finally, if a logistic regression model 'Protocol M4' calculated a ≥5% risk of the PUL being an EP, it was classified as high risk, and otherwise

Effect of hCG administration during corpus luteum establishment on subsequent corpus luteum development and circulating progesterone concentrations in beef heifers.

PubMed

Maillo, V; Duffy, P; O'Hara, L; de Frutos, C; Kelly, A K; Lonergan, P; Rizos, D

2014-03-01

This study examined the effect of a single administration of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) on Day 1 to 4 after oestrus on corpus luteum (CL) development and circulating progesterone (P4). Oestrus-synchronized heifers (n=43) were administered a single intramuscular injection of saline on Day 1 (control) or 3000IU hCG on Day 1, 2, 3 or 4 after oestrus. Administration of hCG on Day 1 had no effect on CL area, on Day 2 increased CL area from Day 6 to 12 (P<0.05), on Day 3 increased CL area from Day 9 to 11, while on Day 4 increased CL size on Days 9 and 10 (P<0.05). Administration of hCG on Day 4 induced the formation of an accessory CL in 89% of heifers, resulting in a significant increase in total luteal tissue area on the ovaries compared with all other groups. Consistent with the effects on the CL, hCG on Day 1 did not affect P4 concentrations, on Day 2 significantly increased P4 compared with the control from Day 6 to 11 (P<0.05), on Day 3 resulted in a non-significant increase in P4 while hCG on Day 4 increased P4 from Day 8 to 13 compared with the control (P<0.05). In conclusion, administration of hCG as early as Day 2 after oestrus results in increased P4 in circulation from Day 6, which should have beneficial downstream effects in terms of uterine receptivity and conceptus elongation.

A novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and overcomes gemcitabine resistance.

PubMed

Lee, Hee Seung; Park, Soo Been; Kim, Sun A; Kwon, Sool Ki; Cha, Hyunju; Lee, Do Young; Ro, Seonggu; Cho, Joong Myung; Song, Si Young

2017-01-30

Pancreatic cancer is predominantly lethal, and is primarily treated using gemcitabine, with increasing resistance. Therefore, novel agents that increase tumor sensitivity to gemcitabine are needed. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging therapeutic agents, since HDAC plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. We evaluated the antitumor effect of a novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, combined with gemcitabine/erlotinib on pancreatic cancer cells and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Three pancreatic cancer-cell lines were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of CG200745 combined with gemcitabine/erlotinib. CG200745 induced the expression of apoptotic proteins (PARP and caspase-3) and increased the levels of acetylated histone H3. CG200745 with gemcitabine/erlotinib showed significant growth inhibition and synergistic antitumor effects in vitro. In vivo, gemcitabine/erlotinib and CG200745 reduced tumor size up to 50%. CG200745 enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, and decreased the level of ATP-binding cassette-transporter genes, especially multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3) and MRP4. The novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, with gemcitabine/erlotinib had a synergistic anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer cells. CG200745 significantly improved pancreatic cancer sensitivity to gemcitabine, with a prominent antitumor effect on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, improved clinical outcome is expected in the future.

A novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, inhibits pancreatic cancer cell growth and overcomes gemcitabine resistance

PubMed Central

Lee, Hee Seung; Park, Soo Been; Kim, Sun A; Kwon, Sool Ki; Cha, Hyunju; Lee, Do Young; Ro, Seonggu; Cho, Joong Myung; Song, Si Young

2017-01-01

Pancreatic cancer is predominantly lethal, and is primarily treated using gemcitabine, with increasing resistance. Therefore, novel agents that increase tumor sensitivity to gemcitabine are needed. Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are emerging therapeutic agents, since HDAC plays an important role in cancer initiation and progression. We evaluated the antitumor effect of a novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, combined with gemcitabine/erlotinib on pancreatic cancer cells and gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Three pancreatic cancer-cell lines were used to evaluate the antitumor effect of CG200745 combined with gemcitabine/erlotinib. CG200745 induced the expression of apoptotic proteins (PARP and caspase-3) and increased the levels of acetylated histone H3. CG200745 with gemcitabine/erlotinib showed significant growth inhibition and synergistic antitumor effects in vitro. In vivo, gemcitabine/erlotinib and CG200745 reduced tumor size up to 50%. CG200745 enhanced the sensitivity of gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells to gemcitabine, and decreased the level of ATP-binding cassette-transporter genes, especially multidrug resistance protein 3 (MRP3) and MRP4. The novel HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, with gemcitabine/erlotinib had a synergistic anti-tumor effect on pancreatic cancer cells. CG200745 significantly improved pancreatic cancer sensitivity to gemcitabine, with a prominent antitumor effect on gemcitabine-resistant pancreatic cancer cells. Therefore, improved clinical outcome is expected in the future. PMID:28134290

17 CFR 248.12 - Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... account number information for marketing purposes. (a) General prohibition on disclosure of account... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limits on sharing account number information for marketing purposes. 248.12 Section 248.12 Commodity and Securities Exchanges...

Combined ovulation triggering with GnRH agonist and hCG in IVF patients.

PubMed

Kasum, Miro; Kurdija, Kristijan; Orešković, Slavko; Čehić, Ermin; Pavičić-Baldani, Dinka; Škrgatić, Lana

2016-11-01

The aim of the review is to analyse the combination of a gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist with a human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) trigger, for final oocyte maturation in in vitro fertilisation (IVF) cycles. The concept being a ''dual trigger'' combines a single dose of the GnRH agonist with a reduced or standard dosage of hCG at the time of triggering. The use of a GnRH agonist with a reduced dose of hCG in high responders demonstrated luteal phase support with improved pregnancy rates, similar to those after conventional hCG and a low risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The administration of a GnRH agonist and a standard hCG in normal responders, demonstrated significantly improved live-birth rates and a higher number of embryos of excellent quality, or cryopreserved embryos. The concept of the ''double trigger" represents a combination of a GnRH agonist and a standard hCG, when used 40 and 34 h prior to ovum pick-up, respectively. The use of the ''double trigger" has been successfully offered in the treatment of empty follicle syndrome and in patients with a history of immature oocytes retrieved or with low/poor oocytes yield. Further prospective studies are required to confirm the aforementioned observations prior to clinical implementation.

CD248/endosialin critically regulates hepatic stellate cell proliferation during chronic liver injury via a PDGF-regulated mechanism.

PubMed

Wilhelm, Annika; Aldridge, Victoria; Haldar, Debashis; Naylor, Amy J; Weston, Christopher J; Hedegaard, Ditte; Garg, Abhilok; Fear, Janine; Reynolds, Gary M; Croft, Adam P; Henderson, Neil C; Buckley, Christopher D; Newsome, Philip N

2016-07-01

CD248 (endosialin) is a stromal cell marker expressed on fibroblasts and pericytes. During liver injury, myofibroblasts are the main source of fibrotic matrix. To determine the role of CD248 in the development of liver fibrosis in the rodent and human setting. CD248 expression was studied by immunostaining and quantitative PCR in both normal and diseased human and murine liver tissue and isolated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). Hepatic fibrosis was induced in CD248(-/-) and wild-type controls with carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) treatment. Expression of CD248 was seen in normal liver of humans and mice but was significantly increased in liver injury using both immunostaining and gene expression assays. CD248 was co-expressed with a range of fibroblast/HSC markers including desmin, vimentin and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in murine and human liver sections. CD248 expression was restricted to isolated primary murine and human HSC. Collagen deposition and α-SMA expression, but not inflammation and neoangiogenesis, was reduced in CD248(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice after CCl4 treatment. Isolated HSC from wild-type and CD248(-/-) mice expressed platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFR-α) and PDGFR-β at similar levels. As expected, PDGF-BB stimulation induced proliferation of wild-type HSC, whereas CD248(-/-) HSC did not demonstrate a proliferative response to PDGF-BB. Abrogated PDGF signalling in CD248(-/-) HSC was confirmed by significantly reduced c-fos expression in CD248(-/-) HSC compared with wild-type HSC. Our data show that deletion of CD248 reduces susceptibility to liver fibrosis via an effect on PDGF signalling, making it an attractive clinical target for the treatment of liver injury. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Photodissociation dynamics of the simplest alkyl peroxy radicals, CH 3OO and C 2H 5OO, at 248 nm

DOE PAGES

Sullivan, Erin N.; Nichols, Bethan; Neumark, Daniel M.

2018-01-28

The photodissociation dynamics of the simplest alkyl peroxy radicals, methyl peroxy (CH 3OO) and ethyl peroxy C 2H 5OO , are investigated using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. A fast beam of CH3OO- or C2H5OO- anions is photodetached to generate neutral radicals that are subsequently dissociated using 248 nm photons. The coincident detection of the photofragment positions and arrival times allows for the determination of mass, translational energy, and angular distributions for both two-body and three-body dissociation events. CH3OO exhibits repulsive O loss resulting in the formation of O(1D) + CH3O with high translational energy release. Minor two-body channels leadingmore » to OH + CH2O and CH3O + O(3P) formation are also detected. In addition, small amounts of H + O(3P) + CH2O are observed and attributed to O loss followed by CH3O dissociation. C2H5OO exhibits more complex dissociation dynamics, in which O loss and OH loss occur in roughly equivalent amounts with O(1D) formed as the dominant O atom electronic state via dissociation on a repulsive surface. Minor two-body channels leading to the formation of O2 + C2H5 and HO2 + C2H4 are also observed and attributed to a ground state dissociation pathway following internal conversion. Additionally, C2H5OO dissociation yields a three-body product channel, CH3 + O(3P) + CH2O, for which the proposed mechanism is repulsive O loss followed by the dissociation of C2H5O over a barrier. These results are compared to a recent study of tert-butyl peroxy (t-BuOO) in which 248 nm excitation results in three-body dissociatio n and ground state two-body dissociation but no O(1D) production.« less

Photodissociation dynamics of the simplest alkyl peroxy radicals, CH 3OO and C 2H 5OO, at 248 nm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sullivan, Erin N.; Nichols, Bethan; Neumark, Daniel M.

The photodissociation dynamics of the simplest alkyl peroxy radicals, methyl peroxy (CH 3OO) and ethyl peroxy C 2H 5OO , are investigated using fast beam photofragment translational spectroscopy. A fast beam of CH3OO- or C2H5OO- anions is photodetached to generate neutral radicals that are subsequently dissociated using 248 nm photons. The coincident detection of the photofragment positions and arrival times allows for the determination of mass, translational energy, and angular distributions for both two-body and three-body dissociation events. CH3OO exhibits repulsive O loss resulting in the formation of O(1D) + CH3O with high translational energy release. Minor two-body channels leadingmore » to OH + CH2O and CH3O + O(3P) formation are also detected. In addition, small amounts of H + O(3P) + CH2O are observed and attributed to O loss followed by CH3O dissociation. C2H5OO exhibits more complex dissociation dynamics, in which O loss and OH loss occur in roughly equivalent amounts with O(1D) formed as the dominant O atom electronic state via dissociation on a repulsive surface. Minor two-body channels leading to the formation of O2 + C2H5 and HO2 + C2H4 are also observed and attributed to a ground state dissociation pathway following internal conversion. Additionally, C2H5OO dissociation yields a three-body product channel, CH3 + O(3P) + CH2O, for which the proposed mechanism is repulsive O loss followed by the dissociation of C2H5O over a barrier. These results are compared to a recent study of tert-butyl peroxy (t-BuOO) in which 248 nm excitation results in three-body dissociatio n and ground state two-body dissociation but no O(1D) production.« less

Ephemeral association between gene CG5762 and hybrid male sterility in Drosophila sibling species.

PubMed

Ma, Daina; Michalak, Pawel

2011-10-01

Interspecies divergence in regulatory pathways may result in hybrid male sterility (HMS) when dominance and epistatic interactions between alleles that are functional within one genome are disrupted in hybrid genomes. The identification of genes contributing to HMS and other hybrid dysfunctions is essential for understanding the origin of new species (speciation). Previously, we identified a panel of male-specific loci misexpressed in sterile male hybrids of Drosophila simulans and D. mauritiana relative to parental species. In the current work, we attempt to dissect the genetic associations between HMS and one of the genes, CG5762, a Drosophila-unique locus characterized by rapid sequence divergence within the genus, presumably driven by positive natural selection. CG5762 is underexpressed in sterile backcross males compared with their fertile brothers. In CG5762 heterozygotes, the D. mauritiana allele is consistently overexpressed on both the D. simulans and D. mauritiana backcross genomic background, suggesting a cis-acting regulation factor. There is a significant association between heterozygosity and HMS in hybrid males from early but not later backcross generations. Microsatellite markers spanning CG5762 fail to associate with HMS. These observations lead to a conclusion that CG5762 is not a causative factor of HMS. Although genetic linkage between CG5762 and a neighboring causative introgression cannot be ruled out, it seems that the pattern is most consistent with CG5762 participating in epistatic interactions that are disrupted in flies with HMS.

Resistin -420C>G promoter variant and colorectal cancer risk.

PubMed

Mahmoudi, Touraj; Karimi, Khatoon; Arkani, Maral; Farahani, Hamid; Vahedi, Mohsen; Dabiri, Reza; Nobakht, Hossein; Asadi, Asadollah; Mirakhorli, Mojgan; Arshi, Benafsheh; Derakhshan, Arash; Zali, Mohammad Reza

2014-09-30

Obesity is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), and ghrelin (GHRL) and resistin (RETN) are thought to be related to obesity. Our aim was to investigate whether GHRL and RETN gene variants are associated with CRC risk. All 414 subjects, including 197 cases with CRC and 217 controls, were genotyped for the GHRL (rs26802) and RETN (rs1862513) or -420 C>G gene variants using the PCR-RFLP method. Our findings indicated that the RETN -420 C>G "CC" genotype, compared with the "GG" and "GC" genotypes, was a marker of decreased CRC susceptibility; the difference remained significant after adjustment for age, BMI, gender, smoking status, NSAID use, and family history of CRC (p=0.020; OR=0.52, 95% CI=0.30-0.90). Furthermore, after adjustment for confounding factors, the -420 C>G "CC" genotype, compared with the "GG" genotype, was associated with a decreased risk for CRC (p=0.044; OR=0.53, 95% CI=0.29-0.98). In addition, no significant difference was observed for the GHRL (rs26802) gene variant. To our knowledge, this is the first study suggesting that the RETN -420 C>G "CC" genotype is a marker of decreased CRC susceptibility. This observation is relevant from a scientific perspective and deserves further investigations.

hCG and Its Disruption by Environmental Contaminants during Human Pregnancy.

PubMed

Paulesu, Luana; Rao, Ch V; Ietta, Francesca; Pietropolli, Adalgisa; Ticconi, Carlo

2018-03-20

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone of considerable importance in the establishment, promotion and maintenance of human pregnancy. It has been clearly demonstrated that hCG exerts multiple endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions on a variety of gestational and non-gestational cells and tissues. These actions are directed to promote trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation, placental growth, angiogenesis in uterine vasculature, hormone production, modulation of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface, inhibition of myometrial contractility as well as fetal growth and differentiation. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised towards the biological effects of environmental contaminants, particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to selected EDCs can have a deleterious impact on the fetus and long-lasting consequences also in adult life. The results of the in vitro effects of commonly found EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and para -Nonylphenol ( p -NP), indicate that these substances can alter hCG production and through this action could exert their fetal damage, suggesting that hCG could represent and become a potentially useful clinical biomarker of an inappropriate prenatal exposure to these substances.

hCG and Its Disruption by Environmental Contaminants during Human Pregnancy

PubMed Central

Paulesu, Luana; Rao, Ch.V.; Ietta, Francesca; Pietropolli, Adalgisa; Ticconi, Carlo

2018-01-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a hormone of considerable importance in the establishment, promotion and maintenance of human pregnancy. It has been clearly demonstrated that hCG exerts multiple endocrine, paracrine and autocrine actions on a variety of gestational and non-gestational cells and tissues. These actions are directed to promote trophoblast invasiveness and differentiation, placental growth, angiogenesis in uterine vasculature, hormone production, modulation of the immune system at the maternal-fetal interface, inhibition of myometrial contractility as well as fetal growth and differentiation. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised towards the biological effects of environmental contaminants, particularly endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). Emerging evidence suggests that prenatal exposure to selected EDCs can have a deleterious impact on the fetus and long-lasting consequences also in adult life. The results of the in vitro effects of commonly found EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and para-Nonylphenol (p-NP), indicate that these substances can alter hCG production and through this action could exert their fetal damage, suggesting that hCG could represent and become a potentially useful clinical biomarker of an inappropriate prenatal exposure to these substances. PMID:29558393

Use of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to study hCG-receptor interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milius, R.P.

1985-01-01

Although the glycoprotein hormones lutropin (LH), follitropin (FSH), and thyrotropin (TSH) bind to different receptors, each contains an identical alpha subunit. Specificity is somehow endowed by theta subunits which are distinct for each hormone. Human choriogonadotropin (hCG) is a natural LH analog that contains a beta subunit nearly identical to that of LH. The roles of these subunits in the recognition and high affinity binding of hCG to receptor was examined. Polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies specific for the individual subunits of hCG were used to probe the hormone-receptor interaction. Conformation-specific and sequence-specific antibodies were examined for their abilities to bindmore » Triton X-100-solubilized /sup 125/I-hCG-receptor complex and to inhibit hormone binding to crude rat ovarian membranes containing receptor. Even though the immunoreactive sites are not located on the receptor binding surface of the beta subunit, most, but not all, of these polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies were able to inhibit /sup 125/I-hCG binding to receptor. Although the inhibition of binding may be due to steric interference due to the size of the antibody molecules, a two-step model for hCG binding to receptor is presented that also explains these results. In this model, the beta subunit initially binds with the receptor with a highly specific but low affinity interaction. This activates a site for the high affinity binding of the alpha subunit and stabilization of the complex. This is an attractive model as it may be applied to other glycoprotein hormones sharing an alpha subunit.« less

Naphthoquinone spiroketals and organic extracts from the endophytic fungus Edenia gomezpompae as potential herbicides.

PubMed

Macías-Rubalcava, Martha L; Ruiz-Velasco Sobrino, M Emma; Meléndez-González, Claudio; Hernández-Ortega, Simón

2014-04-23

From the fermentation mycelium of the endophytic fungus Edenia gomezpompae were obtained several phytotoxic compounds including two new members of the naphthoquinone spiroketal family, namely, palmarumycin EG1 (1) and preussomerin EG4 (4). In addition, preussomerins EG1-EG3 (7-9) and palmarumycins CP19 (2), CP17 (3), and CP2 (6), as well as ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one (5), were obtained. Compounds 2, 3, and 5 are new to this species. The structures of palmarumycins CP19 (2) and CP17 (3) were unambiguously determined by X-ray analysis. The isolates and mycelium organic extracts from four morphological variants of E. gomezpompae caused significant inhibition of seed germination, root elongation, and seedling respiration of Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Solanum lycopersicum, and Echinochloa crus-galli. The treatments also affected respiration on intact mitochondria isolated from spinach.

BRCA1 regulation on β-hCG: a mechanism for tumorigenicity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer.

PubMed

Sengodan, S K; Nadhan, R; Nair, R S; Hemalatha, S K; Somasundaram, V; Sushama, R R; Rajan, A; Latha, N R; Varghese, G R; Thankappan, R K; Kumar, J M; Chil, A; Anilkumar, T V; Srinivas, P

2017-09-04

Human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) has been implicated in breast tumorigenesis. However, the role of this hormone is highly controversial as certain studies suggest it has anti-tumor properties while others have found it to be pro-tumorigenic. To unveil the truth, we have analyzed the expression of β-hCG in breast cancer. We identified for the first time that β-hCG expression is linked to BRCA1 status and its overexpression is seen in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer cells, BRCA1 conditional knockout mouse breast cancer tissues and BRCA1 floxed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tissues. An analysis of three large, transcriptomic data sets from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) expression profile confirmed the inverse correlation between BRCA1 and β-hCG in human breast cancer. Using ChIP and luciferase assays, we also demonstrated that the cancer cells with wild-type but not mutant BRCA1 directly repress the expression of β-hCG by binding to its promoter. Further, β-hCG promotes migration and invasion predominantly in BRCA1 mutant breast cancer cells. Interestingly, stable overexpression of β-hCG in BRCA1 mutant but not wild-type breast cancer cells results in the formation of spheres even on monolayer cultures. The cells of these spheres show high expression of both EMT and stem cell markers. Since β-hCG belongs to a cysteine knot family of proteins like TGFβ and TGFβ signaling is deregulated in BRCA1 defective tumors, we checked whether β-hCG can mediate signaling through TGFβRII in BRCA1 mutated cells. We found for the first time that β-hCG can bind and phosphorylate TGFβRII, irrespective of LHCGR status and induce proliferation in BRCA1 defective cells. Our results confirmed that there exists a transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 on β-hCG and BRCA1 mutation promotes β-hCG mediated tumorigenesis through TGFβRII signaling. Thus inhibiting β-hCG-TGFβRII could prove an effective treatment strategy for BRCA1 mutated tumors.

Hook effect in Abbott i-STAT β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) point of care assay.

PubMed

Wilgen, Urs; Pretorius, Carel J; Gous, Rehna S; Martin, Cameron; Hale, Vincent J; Ungerer, Jacobus P J

2014-09-01

Point-of-care testing for β-hCG has been widely advocated to allow rapid diagnosis/exclusion of pregnancy in the emergency department. A quantitative blood β-hCG assay has the additional benefit of being able to monitor the viability of pregnancy, using serial measurements, to determine the appropriate expected increase in β-hCG levels over time (e.g. ectopic pregnancy), and aiding in determining if an intrauterine gestational sac should be visible on sonographic imaging. Evaluation of the newly released Abbott i-STAT β-hCG point-of-care assay with the Beckman Coulter β-hCG laboratory assay in use. Whole blood, plasma and serum samples with a wide range of β-hCG concentrations were analysed by both methods. The Abbott I-STAT β-hCG compares favourably, can be performed on heparinised whole blood, plasma and serum, and shows acceptable accuracy and precision. However a hook effect at elevated β-hCG was shown in gestational trophoblastic disease as well as normal pregnancies. The i-STAT β-hCG performs acceptably in its intended use in the early detection of pregnancy, but results should always be interpreted within the clinical context, as a hook effect may occur. Crown Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Diamagnetic region(s): structure of the unmagnetized plasma around Comet 67P/CG

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henri, P.; Vallières, X.; Hajra, R.; Goetz, C.; Richter, I.; Glassmeier, K.-H.; Galand, M.; Rubin, M.; Eriksson, A. I.; Nemeth, Z.; Vigren, E.; Beth, A.; Burch, J. L.; Carr, C.; Nilsson, H.; Tsurutani, B.; Wattieaux, G.

2017-07-01

The ESA's comet chaser Rosetta has monitored the evolution of the ionized atmosphere of comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko (67P/CG) and its interaction with the solar wind, during more than 2 yr. Around perihelion, while the cometary outgassing rate was highest, Rosetta crossed hundreds of unmagnetized regions, but did not seem to have crossed a large-scale diamagnetic cavity as anticipated. Using in situ Rosetta observations, we characterize the structure of the unmagnetized plasma found around comet 67P/CG. Plasma density measurements from RPC-MIP are analysed in the unmagnetized regions identified with RPC-MAG. The plasma observations are discussed in the context of the cometary escaping neutral atmosphere, observed by ROSINA/COPS. The plasma density in the different diamagnetic regions crossed by Rosetta ranges from ˜100 to ˜1500 cm-3. They exhibit a remarkably systematic behaviour that essentially depends on the comet activity and the cometary ionosphere expansion. An effective total ionization frequency is obtained from in situ observations during the high outgassing activity phase of comet 67P/CG. Although several diamagnetic regions have been crossed over a large range of distances to the comet nucleus (from 50 to 400 km) and to the Sun (1.25-2.4 au), in situ observations give strong evidence for a single diamagnetic region, located close to the electron exobase. Moreover, the observations are consistent with an unstable contact surface that can locally extend up to about 10 times the electron exobase.

Altered newborn gender distribution in patients with low mid-trimester maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG).

PubMed

Santolaya-Forgas, J; Meyer, W J; Burton, B K; Scommegna, A

1997-01-01

to determine if the sex ratio (male/female) is altered in infants born to patients with low mid-trimester maternal serum human chorionic gonadotropin (MShCG). Between 2/1/90 and 1/3/91, 3,116 patients underwent prenatal screening using second-trimester maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP), MShCG, and maternal serum unconjugated estriol (MSuE3). Among these, there were 132 patients with low second-trimester MShCG (< 0.4 MoM), normal MSAFP and MSuE3. The gender distribution of these term, normal newborns was compared to that of 237 controls, matched for race, maternal age, and referral source and delivered at term to mothers with normal mid-trimester MSAFP, MSuE3, and MShCG. The gender distribution of these two groups of newborns was also compared to that of 78 term newborns from the same obstetrical population delivered to mothers with second-trimester MShCG > 2.5 MoM and normal MSAFP and MSuE3. All patients had a complete obstetrical history. Forty-nine percent of the controls were male vs. 62% of the group with slow second-trimester MShCG (P < .01). Within the group with low MShCG, 59% of infants were male when the MShCG was between 0.19 and 0.4 MoM (A) and 80% when the MShCG was < 0.2 MoM (B) (control vs. A vs. B P < .005). The sex ratio in the high-MShCG group was similar to control. The data suggest that gender distribution is different from normal in patients with low mid-trimester MShCG.

β-hCG resolution times during expectant management of tubal ectopic pregnancies.

PubMed

Mavrelos, D; Memtsa, M; Helmy, S; Derdelis, G; Jauniaux, E; Jurkovic, D

2015-05-21

A subset of women with a tubal ectopic pregnancy can be safely managed expectantly. Expectant management involves a degree of disruption with hospital visits to determine serum β-hCG (β-human chorionic gonadotrophin) concentration until the pregnancy test becomes negative and expectant management is considered complete. The length of time required for the pregnancy test to become negative and the parameters that influence this interval have not been described. Information on the likely length of follow up would be useful for women considering expectant management of their tubal ectopic pregnancy. This was a retrospective study at a tertiary referral center in an inner city London Hospital. We included women who were diagnosed with a tubal ectopic pregnancy by transvaginal ultrasound between March 2009 and March 2014. During the study period 474 women were diagnosed with a tubal ectopic pregnancy and 256 (54 %) of them fulfilled our management criteria for expectant management. A total of 158 (33 %) women had successful expectant management and in those cases we recorded the diameter of the ectopic pregnancy (mm), the maximum serum β-hCG (IU/L) and levels during follow up until resolution as well as the interval to resolution (days). The median interval from maximum serum β-hCG concentration to resolution was 18.0 days (IQR 11.0-28.0). The maximum serum β-hCG concentration and the rate of decline of β-hCG were independently associated with the length of follow up. Women's age and size of ectopic pregnancy did not have significant effects on the length of follow up. Women undergoing expectant management of ectopic pregnancy can be informed that the likely length of follow up is under 3 weeks and that it positively correlates with initial β-hCG level at the time of diagnosis.

Predictive value of serum β-hCG for early pregnancy outcomes among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion.

PubMed

Liu, Yinglin; Liu, Yukun; Li, Xuejiao; Jiao, Xuedan; Zhang, Rui; Zhang, Jianping

2016-10-01

To examine peak serum levels of the β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) for prediction of early pregnancy outcomes among women with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA). In a retrospective study, the medical records of pregnant women with a history of RSA treated at Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, China, between January 2011 and July 2013 were reviewed. Serum β-hCG had been measured twice weekly from 5 to 13weeks of pregnancy, and pregnancy was monitored by transvaginal ultrasonography to 13(+6)weeks. Optimal cutoff for peak β-hCG level was determined by receiver operator characteristic curve analysis and Youden index. Women were divided into four groups on the basis of optimal peak β-hCG cutoff and pregnancy outcome (pregnancy at 13weeks or spontaneous abortion). Peak β-hCG levels and length of pregnancy at this peak were examined. Overall, 1240 patients were included. The optimal cutoff value of peak β-hCG was 88 468IU/L, with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for successful pregnancy of 95.6%, 88.0%, 95.6%, and 89.0%, respectively. A faster rise in β-hCG, higher peak β-hCG, and longer pregnancy length at peak β-hCG were associated with successful early pregnancy. A cutoff value of serum β-hCG of 88 000IU/L could be used to predict early pregnancy outcomes for women with a history of RSA. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Development of Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme.

PubMed

Ghanem, Mostafa; El-Gazzar, Mohamed

2018-05-01

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is a poultry pathogen with reported increased prevalence and virulence in recent years. MS strain identification is essential for prevention, control efforts and epidemiological outbreak investigations. Multiple multilocus based sequence typing schemes have been developed for MS, yet the resolution of these schemes could be limited for outbreak investigation. The cost of whole genome sequencing became close to that of sequencing the seven MLST targets; however, there is no standardized method for typing MS strains based on whole genome sequences. In this paper, we propose a core genome multilocus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme as a standardized and reproducible method for typing MS based whole genome sequences. A diverse set of 25 MS whole genome sequences were used to identify 302 core genome genes as cgMLST targets (35.5% of MS genome) and 44 whole genome sequences of MS isolates from six countries in four continents were used for typing applying this scheme. cgMLST based phylogenetic trees displayed a high degree of agreement with core genome SNP based analysis and available epidemiological information. cgMLST allowed evaluation of two conventional MLST schemes of MS. The high discriminatory power of cgMLST allowed differentiation between samples of the same conventional MLST type. cgMLST represents a standardized, accurate, highly discriminatory, and reproducible method for differentiation between MS isolates. Like conventional MLST, it provides stable and expandable nomenclature, allowing for comparing and sharing the typing results between different laboratories worldwide. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Production of specific antisera for radioimmunoassay of human luteinizing hormone (LH) in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). [/sup 125/I

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thorell, J.I.; Jeppsson, S.; Holmstrom, B.

1976-09-01

A specific radioimmunoassay for LH, which measures plasma LH in the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is described. Rabbits were immunized with highly purified native LH. One of the antisera with a difference in its reactivity against LH and hCG was further purified by affinity chromatography on a column with hCG coupled to Sepharose 4B. The adsorbed antiserum and /sup 125/I-LH was used in a double antibody assay. The LH standard (MRC/68/40) efficiently inhibited the binding of /sup 125/I-LH, and the standard curve showed a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml in the sample. hCG up to 10,000 ng/ml did notmore » inhibit the binding of /sup 125/I-LH. The plasma level of LH in pregnant women in the first trimester was low (1.3 +- 0.1 ng/ml). When LH was measured in fertile or menopausal women with or without stimulation with LH/FSH releasing hormone (LH-RH)/sup x/ the results agreed to those found with our conventional LH-assay based on antiserum against hCG.« less

Molecular insights into human monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibition by 1,4-naphthoquinone: evidences for menadione (vitamin K3) acting as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of MAO.

PubMed

Coelho Cerqueira, Eduardo; Netz, Paulo Augusto; Diniz, Cristiane; Petry do Canto, Vanessa; Follmer, Cristian

2011-12-15

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) catalyzes the oxidative deamination of biogenic and exogenous amines and its inhibitors have therapeutic value for several conditions including affective disorders, stroke, neurodegenerative diseases and aging. The discovery of 2,3,6-trimethyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (TMN) as a nonselective and reversible inhibitor of MAO, has suggested 1,4-naphthoquinone (1,4-NQ) as a potential scaffold for designing new MAO inhibitors. Combining molecular modeling tools and biochemical assays we evaluate the kinetic and molecular details of the inhibition of human MAO by 1,4-NQ, comparing it with TMN and menadione. Menadione (2-methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone) is a multitarget drug that acts as a precursor of vitamin K and an inducer of mitochondrial permeability transition. Herein we show that MAO-B was inhibited competitively by 1,4-NQ (K(i)=1.4 μM) whereas MAO-A was inhibited by non-competitive mechanism (K(i)=7.7 μM). Contrasting with TMN and 1,4-NQ, menadione exhibited a 60-fold selectivity for MAO-B (K(i)=0.4 μM) in comparison with MAO-A (K(i)=26 μM), which makes it as selective as rasagiline. Fluorescence and molecular modeling data indicated that these inhibitors interact with the flavin moiety at the active site of the enzyme. Additionally, docking studies suggest the phenyl side groups of Tyr407 and Tyr444 (for MAO-A) or Tyr398 and Tyr435 (for MAO-B) play an important role in the interaction of the enzyme with 1,4-NQ scaffold through forces of dispersion as verified for menadione, TMN and 1,4-NQ. Taken together, our findings reveal the molecular details of MAO inhibition by 1,4-NQ scaffold and show for the first time that menadione acts as a competitive and reversible inhibitor of human MAO. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

BRCA1 regulation on β-hCG: a mechanism for tumorigenicity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer

PubMed Central

Sengodan, S K; Nadhan, R; Nair, R S; Hemalatha, S K; Somasundaram, V; Sushama, R R; Rajan, A; Latha, N R; Varghese, G R; Thankappan, R k; Kumar, J M; Chil, A; Anilkumar, T V; Srinivas, P

2017-01-01

Human chorionic gonadotropin β (β-hCG) has been implicated in breast tumorigenesis. However, the role of this hormone is highly controversial as certain studies suggest it has anti-tumor properties while others have found it to be pro-tumorigenic. To unveil the truth, we have analyzed the expression of β-hCG in breast cancer. We identified for the first time that β-hCG expression is linked to BRCA1 status and its overexpression is seen in BRCA1 mutated breast cancer cells, BRCA1 conditional knockout mouse breast cancer tissues and BRCA1 floxed basal cell carcinoma (BCC) tissues. An analysis of three large, transcriptomic data sets from TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) expression profile confirmed the inverse correlation between BRCA1 and β-hCG in human breast cancer. Using ChIP and luciferase assays, we also demonstrated that the cancer cells with wild-type but not mutant BRCA1 directly repress the expression of β-hCG by binding to its promoter. Further, β-hCG promotes migration and invasion predominantly in BRCA1 mutant breast cancer cells. Interestingly, stable overexpression of β-hCG in BRCA1 mutant but not wild-type breast cancer cells results in the formation of spheres even on monolayer cultures. The cells of these spheres show high expression of both EMT and stem cell markers. Since β-hCG belongs to a cysteine knot family of proteins like TGFβ and TGFβ signaling is deregulated in BRCA1 defective tumors, we checked whether β-hCG can mediate signaling through TGFβRII in BRCA1 mutated cells. We found for the first time that β-hCG can bind and phosphorylate TGFβRII, irrespective of LHCGR status and induce proliferation in BRCA1 defective cells. Our results confirmed that there exists a transcriptional regulation of BRCA1 on β-hCG and BRCA1 mutation promotes β-hCG mediated tumorigenesis through TGFβRII signaling. Thus inhibiting β-hCG-TGFβRII could prove an effective treatment strategy for BRCA1 mutated tumors. PMID:28869585

Atrazine activates multiple signaling pathways enhancing the rapid hCG-induced androgenesis in rat Leydig cells.

PubMed

Pogrmic-Majkic, Kristina; Fa, Svetlana; Samardzija, Dragana; Hrubik, Jelena; Kaisarevic, Sonja; Andric, Nebojsa

2016-08-10

Atrazine (ATR) is an endocrine disruptor that affects steroidogenic process, resulting in disruption of reproductive function of the male and female gonads. In this study, we used the primary culture of peripubertal Leydig cells to investigate the effect of ATR on the rapid androgen production stimulated by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). We demonstrated that ATR activated multiple signaling pathways enhancing the rapid hCG-stimulated androgen biosynthesis in Leydig cells. Low hCG concentration (0.25ng/mL) caused cAMP-independent, but ERK1/2-dependent increase in androgen production after 60min of incubation. Co-treatment with ATR for 60min enhanced the cAMP production in hCG-stimulated cells. Accumulation of androgens was prevented by addition of U0126, N-acetyl-l-cysteine and AG1478. Co-treatment with hCG and ATR for 60min did not alter steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (Star) mRNA level in Leydig cells. After 120min, hCG further increased androgenesis in Leydig cells that was sensitive to inhibition of the cAMP/PKA, ERK1/2 and ROS signaling pathways. Co-treatment with ATR for 120min further enhanced the hCG-induced androgen production, which was prevented by inhibition of the calcium, PKC and EGFR signaling cascades. After 120min, ATR enhanced the expression of Star mRNA in hCG-stimulated Leydig cells through activation of the PKA and PKC pathway. Collectively, these data suggest that exposure to ATR caused perturbations in multiple signaling pathways, thus enhancing the rapid hCG-dependent androgen biosynthesis in peripubertal Leydig cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Human LH and hCG stimulate differently the early signalling pathways but result in equal testosterone synthesis in mouse Leydig cells in vitro.

PubMed

Riccetti, Laura; De Pascali, Francesco; Gilioli, Lisa; Potì, Francesco; Giva, Lavinia Beatrice; Marino, Marco; Tagliavini, Simonetta; Trenti, Tommaso; Fanelli, Flaminia; Mezzullo, Marco; Pagotto, Uberto; Simoni, Manuela; Casarini, Livio

2017-01-05

Human luteinizing hormone (LH) and chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) are glycoprotein hormones regulating development and reproductive functions by acting on the same receptor (LHCGR). We compared the LH and hCG activity in gonadal cells from male mouse in vitro, i.e. primary Leydig cells, which is a common tool used for gonadotropin bioassay. Murine Leydig cells are naturally expressing the murine LH receptor (mLhr), which binds human LH/hCG. Cultured Leydig cells were treated by increasing doses of recombinant LH and hCG, and cell signaling, gene expression and steroid synthesis were evaluated. We found that hCG is about 10-fold more potent than LH in cAMP recruitment, and slightly but significantly more potent on cAMP-dependent Erk1/2 phosphorylation. However, no significant differences occur between LH and hCG treatments, measured as activation of downstream signals, such as Creb phosphorylation, Stard1 gene expression and testosterone synthesis. These data demonstrate that the responses to human LH/hCG are only quantitatively and not qualitatively different in murine cells, at least in terms of cAMP and Erk1/2 activation, and equal in activating downstream steroidogenic events. This is at odds with what we previously described in human primary granulosa cells, where LHCGR mediates a different pattern of signaling cascades, depending on the natural ligand. This finding is relevant for gonadotropin quantification used in the official pharmacopoeia, which are based on murine, in vivo bioassay and rely on the evaluation of long-term, testosterone-dependent effects mediated by rodent receptor.

Effect of combined exogenous progesterone with luteotrophic support via equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on corpus luteum development, circulating progesterone concentrations and embryo development in cattle.

PubMed

O'Hara, L; Forde, N; Duffy, P; Randi, F; Kelly, A K; Valenza, A; Rodriguez, P; Lonergan, P

2016-03-01

The aim was to examine the effect of a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on Day 3 after oestrus on corpus luteum (CL) development, circulating progesterone and conceptus development in cross-bred beef heifers. In Experiment 1, heifers received: (1) saline, or a single i.m. injection of eCG on Day 3 at (2) 250IU (3) 500IU (4) 750IU or (5) 1000IU. Administration of eCG resulted in increased luteal tissue area and progesterone and oestradiol concentrations compared with controls. In Experiment 2, heifers received (1) a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID Delta) from Day 3 to 5 or (2) a PRID Delta from Day 3 to 5 plus a single injection of 750IU eCG on Day 3. In vitro-produced blastocysts (n=10 per recipient) were transferred on Day 7 and heifers were slaughtered on Day 14 to assess conceptus development. Administration of eCG reduced the number of short cycles (6.3% vs 31.3%) and increased mean luteal tissue weight (P=0.02). Insertion of a PRID Delta on Day 3 resulted in an elevation (P<0.05) in serum progesterone until removal on Day 5. Administration of eCG at the time of PRID Delta insertion resulted in higher progesterone levels (P<0.05) from Day 10 onwards. Conceptus dimensions were not affected. In conclusion, a single injection of eCG on Day 3 increased CL size and progesterone concentrations and, when given in conjunction with a progesterone-releasing device, appeared to reduce the number of short cycles, presumably due to its luteotrophic nature. The implications of the elevated oestradiol concentrations for embryo quality require further study.

7 CFR 248.1 - General purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.1 General... out the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program. The dual purposes of the FMNP are: (a) To provide...

7 CFR 248.1 - General purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.1 General... out the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program. The dual purposes of the FMNP are: (a) To provide...

7 CFR 248.1 - General purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.1 General... out the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program. The dual purposes of the FMNP are: (a) To provide...

7 CFR 248.1 - General purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.1 General... out the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program. The dual purposes of the FMNP are: (a) To provide...

7 CFR 248.1 - General purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS WIC FARMERS' MARKET NUTRITION PROGRAM (FMNP) General § 248.1 General... out the WIC Farmers' Market Nutrition Program. The dual purposes of the FMNP are: (a) To provide...

Ferroportin (Q248H) mutations in African families with dietary iron overload.

PubMed

McNamara, Lynne; Gordeuk, Victor R; MacPhail, A Patrick

2005-12-01

Dietary iron overload found in sub-Saharan Africa might be caused by an interaction between dietary iron and an iron-loading gene. Caucasian people with ferroportin gene mutations have iron overload histologically similar to that found in African patients with iron overload. Ferroportin is also implicated in the hypoferremic response to inflammation. The prevalence of the ferroportin Q248H mutation, unique to African people, and its association with dietary iron overload, mean cell volume (MCV) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were examined in 19 southern African families. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme digestion were used to identify the Q248H mutation. Statistical analysis was carried out to correlate the presence of the mutation with markers of iron overload and inflammation. We identified three (1.4%) Q248H homozygotes and 53 (24.1%) heterozygotes in the families examined in the present study. There was no increased prevalence of the mutation in index subjects or their families. Logistic regression showed significantly higher serum ferritin concentrations with the mutation. The mean cell volume (MCV) was significantly lower, and the serum CRP significantly higher in subjects who carried the mutation. The present study of 19 families with African iron overload failed to show evidence that the ferroportin (Q248H) mutation is responsible for the condition. Logistic regression, correcting for factors influencing iron status, did show increased ferritin levels in individuals with the mutation. The strong association with low MCV suggests the possibility that the ferroportin (Q248H) mutation might interfere with iron supply, whereas the elevated serum CRP might indicate that the ferroportin mutation influences the inflammatory response in African populations. Copyright 2005 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Significance of pregnancy test false negative results due to elevated levels of β-core fragment hCG.

PubMed

Johnson, Sarah; Eapen, Saji; Smith, Peter; Warren, Graham; Zinaman, Michael

2017-01-01

Very high levels of β-core fragment human chorionic gonadotrophin (βcf-hCG) are reported to potentially cause false negative results in point-of-care (POC)/over-the-counter (OTC) pregnancy tests. To investigate this further, women's daily early morning urine samples, collected prior to conception and during pregnancy, were analysed for intact, free β-, and βcf-hCG. The proportion of βcf-hCG was found to be related to that of hCG produced and in circulation. Therefore, best practice for accuracy testing of POC/OTC pregnancy tests would be to test devices against clinical samples containing high levels of βcf-hCG as well as standards spiked with biologically relevant ratios.

The Alternative Epac/cAMP Pathway and the MAPK Pathway Mediate hCG Induction of Leptin in Placental Cells

PubMed Central

Maymó, Julieta Lorena; Pérez Pérez, Antonio; Maskin, Bernardo; Dueñas, José Luis; Calvo, Juan Carlos; Sánchez Margalet, Víctor; Varone, Cecilia Laura

2012-01-01

Pleiotropic effects of leptin have been identified in reproduction and pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, where it works as an autocrine hormone. In this work, we demonstrated that human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) added to JEG-3 cell line or to placental explants induces endogenous leptin expression. We also found that hCG increased cAMP intracellular levels in BeWo cells in a dose-dependent manner, stimulated cAMP response element (CRE) activity and the cotransfection with an expression plasmid of a dominant negative mutant of CREB caused a significant inhibition of hCG stimulation of leptin promoter activity. These results demonstrate that hCG indeed activates cAMP/PKA pathway, and that this pathway is involved in leptin expression. Nevertheless, we found leptin induction by hCG is dependent on cAMP levels. Treatment with (Bu)2cAMP in combination with low and non stimulatory hCG concentrations led to an increase in leptin expression, whereas stimulatory concentrations showed the opposite effect. We found that specific PKA inhibition by H89 caused a significant increase of hCG leptin induction, suggesting that probably high cAMP levels might inhibit hCG effect. It was found that hCG enhancement of leptin mRNA expression involved the MAPK pathway. In this work, we demonstrated that hCG leptin induction through the MAPK signaling pathway is inhibited by PKA. We observed that ERK1/2 phosphorylation increased when hCG treatment was combined with H89. In view of these results, the involvement of the alternative cAMP/Epac signaling pathway was studied. We observed that a cAMP analogue that specifically activates Epac (CPT-OMe) stimulated leptin expression by hCG. In addition, the overexpression of Epac and Rap1 proteins increased leptin promoter activity and enhanced hCG. In conclusion, we provide evidence suggesting that hCG induction of leptin gene expression in placenta is mediated not only by activation of the MAPK signaling pathway but also by the

14 CFR 248.4 - Time for filing reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) ECONOMIC REGULATIONS SUBMISSION OF AUDIT REPORTS § 248.4 Time for filing reports. The report required by... the appropriate periodic BTS Form 41 Report, filed for the 12-month period covered by the audit report, or the date the accountant submits its audit report to the air carrier, whichever is later. [ER-1351...

Ultrasensitive colorimetric immunoassay for hCG detection based on dual catalysis of Au@Pt core-shell nanoparticle functionalized by horseradish peroxidase

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Weiguo; Zou, Yake; Yan, Jinwu; Liu, Jing; Chen, Huixiong; Li, Shan; Zhang, Lei

2018-03-01

In this paper, an ultrasensitive colorimetric biosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) detection was designed from bottom-up method based on the dual catalysis of the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and Au@Pt nanoparticles (NPs) relative to H2O2-TEM system. HRP and monoclonal mouse anti-hCG antibody (β-submit, mAb1) were co-immobilized onto the Au@Pt NP surface to improve catalytic efficiency and specificity, which formed a dual functionalized Au@Pt-HRP probe with the mean size of 42.8 nm (D50). The colorimetric immunoassay was developed for the hCG detection, and the Au@Pt-HRP probe featured a higher sensitivity in the concentration range of 0.4-12.8 IU L- 1 with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.1 IU L- 1 compared with the LODs of 0.8 IU L- 1 for BA-ELISA and of 2.0 IU L- 1 for Au@Pt, which indicated that the Au@Pt-HRP probe possessed higher catalytic efficiency with 2.8-fold increase over Au@Pt and 33.8-fold increase over HRP. Also, the Au@Pt-HRP probe exhibited good precision and reproducibility, high specificity and acceptable accuracy with CV being less than 15%. The dual functionalized Au@Pt-HRP probe as a type of signal amplified method was firstly applied in the colorimetric immunoassay for the hCG detection.

CG2Real: Improving the Realism of Computer Generated Images Using a Large Collection of Photographs.

PubMed

Johnson, Micah K; Dale, Kevin; Avidan, Shai; Pfister, Hanspeter; Freeman, William T; Matusik, Wojciech

2011-09-01

Computer-generated (CG) images have achieved high levels of realism. This realism, however, comes at the cost of long and expensive manual modeling, and often humans can still distinguish between CG and real images. We introduce a new data-driven approach for rendering realistic imagery that uses a large collection of photographs gathered from online repositories. Given a CG image, we retrieve a small number of real images with similar global structure. We identify corresponding regions between the CG and real images using a mean-shift cosegmentation algorithm. The user can then automatically transfer color, tone, and texture from matching regions to the CG image. Our system only uses image processing operations and does not require a 3D model of the scene, making it fast and easy to integrate into digital content creation workflows. Results of a user study show that our hybrid images appear more realistic than the originals.

Carbon Source Requirements for Exopolysaccharide Production by Lactobacillus casei CG11 and Partial Structure Analysis of the Polymer

PubMed Central

Cerning, J.; Renard, C. M. G. C.; Thibault, J. F.; Bouillanne, C.; Landon, M.; Desmazeaud, M.; Topisirovic, L.

1994-01-01

Exopolysaccharide production by Lactobacillus casei CG11 was studied in basal minimum medium containing various carbon sources (galactose, glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, melibiose) at concentrations of 2, 5, 10, and 20 g/liter. L. casei CG11 produced exopolysaccharides in basal minimum medium containing each of the sugars tested; lactose and galactose were the poorest carbon sources, and glucose was by far the most efficient carbon source. Sugar concentrations had a marked effect on polymer yield. Plasmid-cured Muc- derivatives grew better in the presence of glucose and attained slightly higher populations than the wild-type strain. The values obtained with lactose were considerably lower for both growth and exopolysaccharide yield. The level of specific polymer production per cell obtained with glucose was distinctively lower for Muc- derivatives than for the Muc+ strain. The polymer produced by L. casei CG11 in the presence of glucose was different from that formed in the presence of lactose. The polysaccharide produced by L. casei CG11 in basal minimum medium containing 20 g of glucose per liter had an intrinsic viscosity of 1.13 dl/g. It was rich in glucose (76%), which was present mostly as 2- or 3-linked residues along with some 2,3 doubly substituted glucose units, and in rhamnose (21%), which was present as 2-linked or terminal rhamnose; traces of mannose and galactose were also present. PMID:16349427

The CgHaa1-Regulon Mediates Response and Tolerance to Acetic Acid Stress in the Human Pathogen Candida glabrata

PubMed Central

Bernardo, Ruben T.; Cunha, Diana V.; Wang, Can; Pereira, Leonel; Silva, Sónia; Salazar, Sara B.; Schröder, Markus S.; Okamoto, Michiyo; Takahashi-Nakaguchi, Azusa; Chibana, Hiroji; Aoyama, Toshihiro; Sá-Correia, Isabel; Azeredo, Joana; Butler, Geraldine; Mira, Nuno Pereira

2016-01-01

To thrive in the acidic vaginal tract, Candida glabrata has to cope with high concentrations of acetic acid. The mechanisms underlying C. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid at low pH remain largely uncharacterized. In this work, the essential role of the CgHaa1 transcription factor (encoded by ORF CAGL0L09339g) in the response and tolerance of C. glabrata to acetic acid is demonstrated. Transcriptomic analysis showed that CgHaa1 regulates, directly or indirectly, the expression of about 75% of the genes activated under acetic acid stress. CgHaa1-activated targets are involved in multiple physiological functions including membrane transport, metabolism of carbohydrates and amino acids, regulation of the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase, and adhesion. Under acetic acid stress, CgHaa1 increased the activity and the expression of the CgPma1 proton pump and contributed to increased colonization of vaginal epithelial cells by C. glabrata. CgHAA1, and two identified CgHaa1-activated targets, CgTPO3 and CgHSP30, are herein demonstrated to be determinants of C. glabrata tolerance to acetic acid. The protective effect of CgTpo3 and of CgHaa1 was linked to a role of these proteins in reducing the accumulation of acetic acid inside C. glabrata cells. In response to acetic acid stress, marked differences were found in the regulons controlled by CgHaa1 and by its S. cerevisiae ScHaa1 ortholog, demonstrating a clear divergent evolution of the two regulatory networks. The results gathered in this study significantly advance the understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the success of C. glabrata as a vaginal colonizer. PMID:27815348

Remapping of the stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 in common wheat.

PubMed

Yuan, Cuiling; Wu, Jingzheng; Yan, Baiqiang; Hao, Qunqun; Zhang, Chaozhong; Lyu, Bo; Ni, Fei; Caplan, Allan; Wu, Jiajie; Fu, Daolin

2018-06-01

Yr10 is an important gene to control wheat stripe rust, and the search for Yr10 needs to be continued. Wheat stripe rust or yellow rust is a devastating fungal disease caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst). Host disease resistance offers a primary source for controlling wheat stripe rust. The stripe rust resistance gene Yr10 confers the race-specific resistance to most tested Pst races in China including CYR29. Early studies proposed that Yr10 was a nucleotide-binding site, leucine-rich repeat gene archived as GenBank accession AF149112 (hereafter designated the Yr10 candidate gene or Yr10 CG ). In this study, we revealed that 15 Chinese wheat cultivars positive for Yr10 CG are susceptible to CYR29. We then expressed the Yr10 CG cDNA in the common wheat 'Bobwhite'. The Yr10 CG -cDNA positive transgenic plants were also susceptible to CYR29. Thus, it is highly unlikely that Yr10 CG corresponds to the Yr10 resistance gene. Using the Yr10 donor 'Moro' and the Pst-susceptible wheat 'Huixianhong', we generated two F 3 populations that displayed a single Mendelian segregation on the Yr10 gene, and used them to remap the Yr10 gene. Six markers were placed in the Yr10 region, with the Yr10 CG gene now mapping about 1.2-cM proximal to the Yr10 locus and the Xsdauw79 marker is completely linked to the Yr10 locus. Apparently, the Yr10 gene has not yet been identified. Fine mapping and positional cloning of Yr10 is important for gene pyramiding for stripe rust resistance in wheat.

Carriers of the Complex Allele HFE c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] Have Increased Risk of Iron Overload in São Miguel Island Population (Azores, Portugal).

PubMed

Branco, Claudia C; Gomes, Cidália T; De Fez, Laura; Bulhões, Sara; Brilhante, Maria José; Pereirinha, Tânia; Cabral, Rita; Rego, Ana Catarina; Fraga, Cristina; Miguel, António G; Brasil, Gracinda; Macedo, Paula; Mota-Vieira, Luisa

2015-01-01

Iron overload is associated with acquired and genetic conditions, the most common being hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) type-I, caused by HFE mutations. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 41 patients from the São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), six belonging to a family with HH type-I pseudodominant inheritance, and 35 unrelated individuals fulfilling the biochemical criteria of iron overload compatible with HH type-I. For this purpose, we analyzed the most common HFE mutations- c.845G>A [p.Cys282Tyr], c.187C>G [p.His63Asp], and c.193A>T [p.Ser65Cys]. Results revealed that the family's HH pseudodominant pattern is due to consanguineous marriage of HFE-c.845G>A carriers, and to marriage with a genetically unrelated spouse that is a -c.187G carrier. Regarding unrelated patients, six were homozygous for c.845A, and three were c.845A/c.187G compound heterozygous. We then performed sequencing of HFE exons 2, 4, 5 and their intron-flanking regions. No other mutations were observed, but we identified the -c.340+4C [IVS2+4C] splice variant in 26 (74.3%) patients. Functionally, the c.340+4C may generate alternative splicing by HFE exon 2 skipping and consequently, a protein missing the α1-domain essential for HFE/ transferrin receptor-1 interactions. Finally, we investigated HFE mutations configuration with iron overload by determining haplotypes and genotypic profiles. Results evidenced that carriers of HFE-c.187G allele also carry -c.340+4C, suggesting in-cis configuration. This data is corroborated by the association analysis where carriers of the complex allele HFE-c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] have an increased iron overload risk (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.40-2.94, p<0.001). Therefore, homozygous for this complex allele are at risk of having iron overload because they will produce two altered proteins--the p.63Asp [c.187G], and the protein lacking 88 amino acids encoded by exon 2. In summary, we provide evidence that the complex allele HFE-c.[187C>G;340+4T

Carriers of the Complex Allele HFE c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] Have Increased Risk of Iron Overload in São Miguel Island Population (Azores, Portugal)

PubMed Central

Bulhões, Sara; Brilhante, Maria José; Pereirinha, Tânia; Cabral, Rita; Rego, Ana Catarina; Fraga, Cristina; Miguel, António G.; Brasil, Gracinda; Macedo, Paula; Mota-Vieira, Luisa

2015-01-01

Iron overload is associated with acquired and genetic conditions, the most common being hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) type-I, caused by HFE mutations. Here, we conducted a hospital-based case-control study of 41 patients from the São Miguel Island (Azores, Portugal), six belonging to a family with HH type-I pseudodominant inheritance, and 35 unrelated individuals fulfilling the biochemical criteria of iron overload compatible with HH type-I. For this purpose, we analyzed the most common HFE mutations– c.845G>A [p.Cys282Tyr], c.187C>G [p.His63Asp], and c.193A>T [p.Ser65Cys]. Results revealed that the family’s HH pseudodominant pattern is due to consanguineous marriage of HFE-c.845G>A carriers, and to marriage with a genetically unrelated spouse that is a -c.187G carrier. Regarding unrelated patients, six were homozygous for c.845A, and three were c.845A/c.187G compound heterozygous. We then performed sequencing of HFE exons 2, 4, 5 and their intron-flanking regions. No other mutations were observed, but we identified the -c.340+4C [IVS2+4C] splice variant in 26 (74.3%) patients. Functionally, the c.340+4C may generate alternative splicing by HFE exon 2 skipping and consequently, a protein missing the α1-domain essential for HFE/ transferrin receptor-1 interactions. Finally, we investigated HFE mutations configuration with iron overload by determining haplotypes and genotypic profiles. Results evidenced that carriers of HFE-c.187G allele also carry -c.340+4C, suggesting in-cis configuration. This data is corroborated by the association analysis where carriers of the complex allele HFE-c.[187C>G;340+4T>C] have an increased iron overload risk (RR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.40−2.94, p<0.001). Therefore, homozygous for this complex allele are at risk of having iron overload because they will produce two altered proteins—the p.63Asp [c.187G], and the protein lacking 88 amino acids encoded by exon 2. In summary, we provide evidence that the complex allele HFE-c.[187C>G

Molecular elimination of Br2 in photodissociation of CH2BrC(O)Br at 248 nm using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy.

PubMed

Fan, He; Tsai, Po-Yu; Lin, King-Chuen; Lin, Cheng-Wei; Yan, Chi-Yu; Yang, Shu-Wei; Chang, A H H

2012-12-07

The primary elimination channel of bromine molecule in one-photon dissociation of CH(2)BrC(O)Br at 248 nm is investigated using cavity ring-down absorption spectroscopy. By means of spectral simulation, the ratio of nascent vibrational population in v = 0, 1, and 2 levels is evaluated to be 1:(0.5 ± 0.1):(0.2 ± 0.1), corresponding to a Boltzmann vibrational temperature of 581 ± 45 K. The quantum yield of the ground state Br(2) elimination reaction is determined to be 0.24 ± 0.08. With the aid of ab initio potential energy calculations, the obtained Br(2) fragments are anticipated to dissociate on the electronic ground state, yielding vibrationally hot Br(2) products. The temperature-dependence measurements support the proposed pathway via internal conversion. For comparison, the Br(2) yields are obtained analogously from CH(3)CHBrC(O)Br and (CH(3))(2)CBrC(O)Br to be 0.03 and 0.06, respectively. The trend of Br(2) yields among the three compounds is consistent with the branching ratio evaluation by Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus method. However, the latter result for each molecule is smaller by an order of magnitude than the yield findings. A non-statistical pathway so-called roaming process might be an alternative to the Br(2) production, and its contribution might account for the underestimate of the branching ratio calculations.

Further characterization of diabetes mellitus and body weight loss in males of the congenic mouse strain DDD.Cg-Ay

PubMed Central

SUTO, Jun-ichi; SATOU, Kunio

2014-01-01

The Ay allele at the agouti locus causes obesity and promotes linear growth in mice. However, body weight gain stops between 16 and 17 weeks after birth, and then, body weight decreases gradually in DDD.Cg-Ay male mice. Body weight loss is a consequence of diabetes mellitus, which is genetically controlled mainly by a quantitative trait locus (QTL) on chromosome 4. This study aimed to further characterize diabetes mellitus and body weight loss in DDD.Cg-Ay males. The number of β-cells was markedly reduced, and plasma insulin levels were very low in the DDD.Cg-Ay males. Using a backcross progeny of DDD × (B6 × DDD.Cg-Ay) F1-Ay, we identified one significant QTL for plasma insulin levels on distal chromosome 4, which was coincidental with QTL for hyperglycemia and lower body weight. The DDD allele was associated with decreased plasma insulin levels. When the DDD.Cg-Ay males were housed under three different housing conditions [group housing (4 or 5 DDD.Cg-Ay and DDD males), individual housing (single DDD.Cg-Ay male) and single male housing with females (single DDD.Cg-Ay male with DDD.Cg-Ay or DDD females)], diabetes mellitus and body weight loss were most severely expressed in individually housed mice. Thus, the severity of diabetes and body weight loss in the DDD.Cg-Ay males was strongly influenced by the housing conditions. These results demonstrate that both genetic and nongenetic environmental factors are involved in the development of diabetes mellitus and body weight loss in the DDD.Cg-Ay males. PMID:25373882

Photolysis of CH{sub 3}CHO at 248 nm: Evidence of triple fragmentation from primary quantum yield of CH{sub 3} and HCO radicals and H atoms

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morajkar, Pranay; Schoemaecker, Coralie; Fittschen, Christa, E-mail: christa.fittschen@univ-lille1.fr

2014-06-07

Radical quantum yields have been measured following the 248 nm photolysis of acetaldehyde, CH{sub 3}CHO. HCO radical and H atom yields have been quantified by time resolved continuous wave Cavity Ring Down Spectroscopy in the near infrared following their conversion to HO{sub 2} radicals by reaction with O{sub 2}. The CH{sub 3} radical yield has been determined using the same technique following their conversion into CH{sub 3}O{sub 2}. Absolute yields have been deduced for HCO radicals and H atoms through fitting of time resolved HO{sub 2} profiles, obtained under various O{sub 2} concentrations, to a complex model, while the CH{submore » 3} yield has been determined relative to the CH{sub 3} yield from 248 nm photolysis of CH{sub 3}I. Time resolved HO{sub 2} profiles under very low O{sub 2} concentrations suggest that another unknown HO{sub 2} forming reaction path exists in this reaction system besides the conversion of HCO radicals and H atoms by reaction with O{sub 2}. HO{sub 2} profiles can be well reproduced under a large range of experimental conditions with the following quantum yields: CH{sub 3}CHO + hν{sub 248nm} → CH{sub 3}CHO{sup *}, CH{sub 3}CHO{sup *} → CH{sub 3} + HCO ϕ{sub 1a} = 0.125 ± 0.03, CH{sub 3}CHO{sup *} → CH{sub 3} + H + CO ϕ{sub 1e} = 0.205 ± 0.04, CH{sub 3}CHO{sup *}→{sup o{sub 2}}CH{sub 3}CO + HO{sub 2} ϕ{sub 1f} = 0.07 ± 0.01. The CH{sub 3}O{sub 2} quantum yield has been determined in separate experiments as ϕ{sub CH{sub 3}} = 0.33 ± 0.03 and is in excellent agreement with the CH{sub 3} yields derived from the HO{sub 2} measurements considering that the triple fragmentation (R1e) is an important reaction path in the 248 nm photolysis of CH{sub 3}CHO. From arithmetic considerations taking into account the HO{sub 2} and CH{sub 3} measurements we deduce a remaining quantum yield for the molecular pathway: CH{sub 3}CHO{sup *} → CH{sub 4} + CO ϕ{sub 1b} = 0.6. All experiments

First trimester β-hCG and estradiol levels in singleton and twin pregnancies after assisted reproduction.

PubMed

Póvoa, Ana; Xavier, Pedro; Matias, Alexandra; Blicksttein, Isaac

2017-07-28

To compare levels of β-hCG and estradiol collected during the first trimester in singleton and twin pregnancies following assisted reproduction technologies (ART). We prospectively evaluated 50 singleton and 47 dichorionic twin pregnancies that eventually ended in live births. Patients were recruited from a single ART center with standard treatment protocols followed by fresh embryo transfers. Hormone measurements were performed within a narrow gestational age range and analyzed in a single laboratory thus minimizing inter- and intra-assay variability. We measured serum β-hCG at 13 days after embryo transfer as well as samples of β-hCG and estradiol at 8-9 weeks+6 days. No significant differences existed between singletons and twins in respect to demographic and cycle characteristics. β-hCG and estradiol were all significantly higher in twins (P<0.05). The data confirms the higher levels of β-hCG and estradiol in twins, pointing to the potential role of these placental hormones in early support of a twin pregnancy.

Revisiting the role of hCG: new regulation of the angiogenic factor EG-VEGF and its receptors.

PubMed

Brouillet, S; Hoffmann, P; Chauvet, S; Salomon, A; Chamboredon, S; Sergent, F; Benharouga, M; Feige, J J; Alfaidy, N

2012-05-01

Endocrine gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor (EG-VEGF) is an angiogenic factor reported to be specific for endocrine tissues, including the placenta. Its biological activity is mediated via two G protein-coupled receptors, prokineticin receptor 1 (PROKR1) and prokineticin receptor 2 (PROKR2). We have recently shown that (i) EG-VEGF expression peaks between the 8th and 11th weeks of gestation, (ii) its mRNA and protein levels are up-regulated by hypoxia, (iii) EG-VEGF is a negative regulator of trophoblast invasion and (iv) its circulating levels are increased in preeclampsia (PE), the most threatening pathology of pregnancy. Here, we investigated the regulation of the expression of EG-VEGF and its receptors by hCG, a key pregnancy hormone that is also deregulated in PE. During the first trimester of pregnancy, hCG and EG-VEGF exhibit the same pattern of expression, suggesting that EG-VEGF is potentially regulated by hCG. Both placental explants (PEX) and primary cultures of trophoblasts from the first trimester of pregnancy were used to investigate this hypothesis. Our results show that (i) LHCGR, the hCG receptor, is expressed both in cyto- and syncytiotrophoblasts, (ii) hCG increases EG-VEGF, PROKR1 and PROKR2 mRNA and protein expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner, (iii) hCG increases the release of EG-VEGF from PEX conditioned media, (iv) hCG effects are transcriptional and post-transcriptional and (v) the hCG effects are mediated by cAMP via cAMP response elements present in the EG-VEGF promoter region. Altogether, these results demonstrate a new role for hCG in the regulation of EG-VEGF and its receptors, an emerging regulatory system in placental development.

Associations between maternal serum free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) levels and adverse pregnancy outcomes.

PubMed

Sirikunalai, P; Wanapirak, C; Sirichotiyakul, S; Tongprasert, F; Srisupundit, K; Luewan, S; Traisrisilp, K; Tongsong, T

2016-01-01

The objective was to determine the strength of relationship between maternal free beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) concentrations and rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Consecutive records of the database of our Down screening project were assessed for free β-hCG levels and pregnancy outcomes. Pregnancies with foetal chromosomal or structural anomalies and those with underlying disease were excluded. Free β-hCG levels of < 0.5, > 0.5 and < 2.0, and ≥ 2.0 MoM were categorised as low, normal and high, respectively. Of 17,082 screened women, 13,620 were available for analysis. In the first trimester (n = 8150), low β-hCG levels significantly increased risk for intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), preterm birth, low birth weight (LBW) and low Apgar score with relative risk of 1.66, 1.43, 1.83 and 2.89; whereas high β-hCG group had a significant decreased risk of preterm birth and GDM with relative risk of 0.73 and 0.62. In the second trimester (n = 5470), both low and high β-hCG groups had significant increased risks of the most common adverse outcomes, i.e. spontaneous abortion, IUGR and preterm birth. In conclusion, abnormally low (< 0.5MoM) or high (> 2.0 MoM) free β-hCG levels are generally associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Nevertheless, high free β-hCG levels in the first trimester may possibly decrease risk of preterm delivery and GDM.

LH/hCG-Receptor Expression May Have a Negative Prognostic Value in Low-Risk Endometrial Cancer.

PubMed

Noci, Ivo; Sorbi, Flavia; Mannini, Luca; Projetto, Elisabetta; Pillozzi, Serena; Ghizzoni, Viola; Lottini, Tiziano; Moncini, Daniela; Baroni, Gianna; Mungai, Francesco; Arcangeli, Annarosa; Fambrini, Massimiliano

2016-01-01

A 51 year-old woman was diagnosed with endometrial cancer (EC) and underwent surgical staging. Pathological evaluation showed a 2 cm × 1 cm G2 endometrioid EC with a 30% myometrial deep invasion (FIGO Stage 1A). The patient was classified as low risk of recurrence, and no adjuvant treatment was offered. Six months after surgery, the patient developed an early vescico-vaginal recurrence, and chemotherapy treatment was started. Few months later, a subsequent involvement of vaginal wall, ileum, and omentum was detected, and the patient underwent second surgery. LH/hCG-receptor (LH/hCG-R) expression has been previously reported to be associated with an invasive phenotype in EC cells. Moreover, in a preclinical mouse model of EC behaves as a prometastatic molecular device. We analyzed the expression level of LH/hCG-R in cancer specimens collected during surgeries. Molecular and immunohistochemical analyses showed a strong expression of both mRNA and protein for LH/hCG-R in all specimens. LH/hCG-R expression may be assessed together with other clinicopathological parameters in order to better predict the risk of recurrence in low-risk EC patients. Further clinical trials are warranted in order to validate LH/hCG-R as biomarker in EC.

Distribution of H2O and CO2 in the inner coma of 67P/CG as observed by VIRTIS-M onboard Rosetta

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capaccioni, F.

2015-10-01

VIRTIS (Visible, Infrared and Thermal Imaging Spectrometers) is a dual channel spectrometer; VIRTIS-M (M for Mapper) is a hyper-spectral imager covering a wide spectral range with two detectors: a CCD (VIS) ranging from 0.25 through 1.0 μm and an HgCdTe detector (IR) covering the 1.0 through 5.1 μm region. VIRTIS-M uses a slit and a scan mirror to generate images with spatial resolution of 250 μrad over a FOV of 64 mrad. The second channel is VIRTIS-H (H for High resolution), a point spectrometer with high spectral resolution (λ/Δλ=3000@3 μm) in the range 2-5 μm [1].The VIRTIS instrument has been used to investigate the molecular composition of the coma of 67P/CG by observing resonant fluorescent excitation in the 2 to 5 μm spectral region. The spectrum consists of emission bands superimposed on a background continuum. The strongest features are the bands of H2O at 2.7 μm and the CO2 band at 4.27 μm [1]. The high spectral resolution of VIRTIS-H obtains a detailed description of the fluorescent bands, while the mapping capability of VIRTIS-M extends the coverage in the spatial dimension to map and monitor the abundance of water and carbon dioxide in space and time. We have already reported [2,3,4] some preliminary observations by VIRTIS of H2O and CO2 in the coma. In the present work we perform a systematic mapping of the distribution and variability of these molecules using VIRTIS-M measurements of their band areas. All the spectra were carefully selected to avoid contamination due to nucleus radiance. A median filter is applied on the spatial dimensions of each data cube to minimise the pixel-to-pixel residual variability. This is at the expense of some reduction in the spatial resolution, which is still in the order of few tens of metres and thus adequate for the study of the spatial distribution of the volatiles. Typical spectra are shown in Figure 1

42 CFR 137.248 - What effect will a retrocession have on a retroceding Self-Governance Tribe's rights to contract...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... retroceding Self-Governance Tribe's rights to contract or compact under the Act? 137.248 Section 137.248 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES TRIBAL SELF-GOVERNANCE Retrocession § 137.248 What effect will a...

Histone deacetylase inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats

PubMed Central

Lee, Eunjo; Song, Min-ji; Lee, Hae-Ahm; Kang, Seol-Hee; Kim, Mina; Yang, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Do Young; Ro, Seonggu; Cho, Joong Myung

2016-01-01

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats. PMID:27610034

Histone deacetylase inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.

PubMed

Lee, Eunjo; Song, Min-Ji; Lee, Hae-Ahm; Kang, Seol-Hee; Kim, Mina; Yang, Eun Kyoung; Lee, Do Young; Ro, Seonggu; Cho, Joong Myung; Kim, Inkyeom

2016-09-01

CG200745 is a novel inhibitor of histone deacetylases (HDACs), initially developed for treatment of various hematological and solid cancers. Because it is water-soluble, it can be administered orally. We hypothesized that the HDAC inhibitor, CG200745, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-induced hypertensive rats. For establishment of hypertension, 40 mg/kg of DOCA was subcutaneously injected four times weekly into Sprague-Dawley rats. All the rats used in this study including those in the sham group had been unilaterally nephrectomized and allowed free access to drinking water containing 1% NaCl. Systolic blood pressure was measured by the tail-cuff method. Blood chemistry including sodium, potassium, glucose, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels was analyzed. Sections of the heart were visualized after trichrome and hematoxylin and eosin stain. The expression of hypertrophic genes such as atrial natriuretic peptide A (Nppa) and atrial natriuretic peptide B (Nppb) in addition to fibrotic genes such as Collagen-1, Collagen-3, connective tissue growth factor (Ctgf), and Fibronectin were measured by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Injection of DOCA increased systolic blood pressure, heart weight, and cardiac fibrosis, which was attenuated by CG200745. Neither DOCA nor CG200745 affected body weight, vascular contraction and relaxation responses, and blood chemistry. Injection of DOCA increased expression of both hypertrophic and fibrotic genes, which was abrogated by CG200745. These results indicate that CG200745 attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in DOCA-induced hypertensive rats.

Dynamics of Db isotopes formed in reactions induced by 238U, 248Cm, and 249Bk across the Coulomb barrier

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaur, Gurjit; Sandhu, Kirandeep; Kaur, Amandeep; Sharma, Manoj K.

2018-05-01

The dynamical cluster decay model is employed to investigate the decay of *265Db and *267Db nuclei, formed in the 27Al+238U , 18O+249Bk , and 19F+248Cm hot fusion reactions at energies around the Coulomb barrier. First, the fission dynamics of the 27Al+238U reaction is explored by investigating the fragmentation and preformation yield of the reaction. The symmetric mass distribution of the fission fragments is observed for *265Db nucleus, when static β2 i deformations are used within hot optimum orientation approach. However, the mass split gets broaden for the use of β2 i-dynamical hot configuration of the fragments and becomes clearly asymmetric for the cold-static-deformed approach. Within the application of cold orientations of fragments, a new fission channel is observed at mass asymmetry η =0.29 . In addition to 238U-induced reaction, the work is carried out to address the fission and neutron evaporation cross sections of *267Db nucleus formed via 19F+248Cm and 18O+249Bk reactions, besides a comprehensive analysis of fusion and capture processes. Higher fusion cross sections and compound nucleus formation probabilities (PCN) are obtained for the 18O+249Bk reaction, as larger mass asymmetry in the entrance channel leads to reduced Coulomb factor. Finally, the role of sticking (IS) and nonsticking (INS) moments of inertia is analyzed for the 4 n and 5 n channels of *267Db nuclear system.

Amphiregulin mediates hCG-induced StAR expression and progesterone production in human granulosa cells.

PubMed

Fang, Lanlan; Yu, Yiping; Zhang, Ruizhe; He, Jingyan; Sun, Ying-Pu

2016-04-26

Progesterone plays critical roles in maintaining a successful pregnancy at the early embryonic stage. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) rapidly induces amphiregulin (AREG) expression. However, it remains unknown whether AREG mediates hCG-induced progesterone production. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the role of AREG in hCG-induced progesterone production and the underlying molecular mechanism in human granulosa cells; primary cells were used as the experimental model. We demonstrated that the inhibition of EGFR and the knockdown of AREG abolished hCG-induced steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) expression and progesterone production. Importantly, follicular fluid AREG levels were positively correlated with progesterone levels in the follicular fluid and serum. Treatment with AREG increased StAR expression and progesterone production, and these stimulatory effects were abolished by EGFR inhibition. Moreover, activation of ERK1/2, but not PI3K/Akt, signaling was required for the AREG-induced up-regulation of StAR expression and progesterone production. Our results demonstrate that AREG mediates hCG-induced StAR expression and progesterone production in human granulosa cells, providing novel evidence for the role of AREG in the regulation of steroidogenesis.

A murine host cell factor required for nicking of the dimer bridge of MVM recognizes two CG nucleotides displaced by 10 basepairs.

PubMed

Liu, Q; Astell, C R

1996-10-01

During replication of the minute virus of mice (MVM) genome, a dimer replicative form (RF) intermediate is resolved into two monomer RF molecules in such a way as to retain a unique sequence within the left hand hairpin terminus of the viral genome. Although the proposed mechanism for resolution of the dimer RF remains uncertain, it likely involves site-specific nicking of the dimer bridge. The RF contains two double-stranded copies of the viral genome joined by the extended 3' hairpin. Minor sequence asymmetries within the 3' hairpin allow the two halves of the dimer bridge to be distinguished. The A half contains the sequence [sequence: see text], whereas the B half contains the sequence [sequence: see text]. Using an in vitro assay, we show that only the B half of the MVM dimer bridge is nicked site-specifically when incubated with crude NS-1 protein (expressed in insect cells) and mouse LA9 cellular extract. When highly purified NS-1, the major nonstructural protein of MVM, is used in this nicking reaction, there is an absolute requirement for the LA9 cellular extract, suggesting a cellular factor (or factors) is (are) required. A series of mutations were created in the putative host factor binding region (HFBR) on the B half of the MVM dimer bridge adjacent to the NS-1 binding site. Nicking assays of these B half mutants showed that two CG motifs displaced by 10 nucleotides are important for nicking. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that a host factor(s) can bind to the HFBR of the B half of the dimer bridge and efficient binding depends on the presence of both CG motifs. Competitor DNA containing the wild-type HFBR sequence is able to specifically inhibit nicking of the B half, indicating that the host factor(s) bound to the HFBR is(are) essential for site-specific nicking to occur.

An open-label clinical trial to investigate the efficacy and safety of corifollitropin alfa combined with hCG in adult men with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism.

PubMed

Nieschlag, Eberhard; Bouloux, Pierre-Marc G; Stegmann, Barbara J; Shankar, R Ravi; Guan, Yanfen; Tzontcheva, Anjela; McCrary Sisk, Christine; Behre, Hermann M

2017-03-07

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (HH) in men results in insufficient testicular function and deficiencies in testosterone and spermatogenesis. Combinations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (recFSH) have been successful in the treatment of HH. Corifollitropin alfa is a long-acting FSH-analog with demonstrated action in women seeking infertility care. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of corifollitropin alfa combined with hCG to increase testicular volume and induce spermatogenesis in men with HH. This was a Phase III, multi-center, open-label, single-arm trial of corifollitropin alfa in azoospermic men aged 18 to 50 years with HH. After 16 weeks of pretreatment of 23 subjects with hCG alone, 18 subjects with normalized testosterone (T) levels who remained azoospermic entered the 52-week combined treatment phase with hCG twice-weekly and 150 μg corifollitropin alfa every other week. The increase in testicular volume (primary efficacy endpoint) and induction of spermatogenesis resulting in a sperm count ≥1 × 10 6 /mL (key secondary efficacy endpoint) during 52 weeks of combined treatment were assessed. Safety was evaluated by the presence of anti-corifollitropin alfa antibodies and the occurrence of adverse events (AEs). Mean (±SD) testicular volume increased from 8.6 (±6.09) mL to 17.8 (±8.93) mL (geometric mean fold increase, 2.30 [95% CI: 2.03, 2.62]); 14 (77.8%) subjects reached a sperm count ≥1 × 10 6 /mL. No subject developed confirmed anti-corifollitropin alfa antibodies during the trial. Treatment was generally well tolerated. Corifollitropin alfa 150 μg administrated every other week combined with twice-weekly hCG for 52 weeks increased testicular volume significantly, and induced spermatogenesis in >75% of men with HH who had remained azoospermic after hCG treatment alone. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01709331 .

AtPP2CG1, a protein phosphatase 2C, positively regulates salt tolerance of Arabidopsis in abscisic acid-dependent manner

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Xin, E-mail: fangfei6073@126.com; Zhu, Yanming, E-mail: ymzhu2001@neau.edu.cn; Zhai, Hong, E-mail: Zhai.h@neigaehrb.ac.cn

2012-06-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer AtPP2CG1 positively regulates salt tolerance in ABA-dependent manner. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer AtPP2CG1 up-regulates the expression of marker genes in different pathways. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer AtPP2CG1 expresses in the vascular system and trichomes of Arabidopsis. -- Abstract: AtPP2CG1 (Arabidopsis thaliana protein phosphatase 2C G Group 1) was predicted as an abiotic stress candidate gene by bioinformatic analysis in our previous study. The gene encodes a putative protein phosphatase 2C that belongs to Group G of PP2C. There is no report of Group G genes involved in abiotic stress so far. Real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that AtPP2CG1 expression was induced by salt, drought, andmore » abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. The expression levels of AtPP2CG1 in the ABA synthesis-deficient mutant abi2-3 were much lower than that in WT plants under salt stress suggesting that the expression of AtPP2CG1 acts in an ABA-dependent manner. Over-expression of AtPP2CG1 led to enhanced salt tolerance, whereas its loss of function caused decreased salt tolerance. These results indicate that AtPP2CG1 positively regulates salt stress in an ABA-dependent manner. Under salt treatment, AtPP2CG1 up-regulated the expression levels of stress-responsive genes, including RD29A, RD29B, DREB2A and KIN1. GUS activity was detected in roots, leaves, stems, flower, and trichomes of AtPP2CG1 promoter-GUS transgenic plants. AtPP2CG1 protein was localized in nucleus and cytoplasm via AtPP2CG1:eGFP and YFP:AtPP2CG1 fusion approaches.« less

Persistent low levels of serum hCG due to heterophilic mouse antibodies: an unrecognized pitfall in the diagnosis of trophoblastic disease.

PubMed

González Aguilera, B; Syrios, P; Gadisseur, R; Luyckx, F; Cavalier, E; Beckers, A; Valdes-Socin, H

2016-06-01

Phantom hCG refers to persistent mild elevations of hCG, leading physicians to unnecessary treatments whereas neither a true hCG nor a trophoblastic disease is present. We report the case of a 23-year-old woman with persistent low levels of serum hCG detected one month after miscarriage. As choriocarcinoma was suspected, a chemotherapy trial of methotrexate was prescribed, without any hCG reduction. Subsequently, laparoscopy ruled out a trophoblastic residue and the patient was referred to the Endocrine Unit for further investigations. While low levels of hCG were still detected in serum, no hCG was detected in the urine. In addition, when serum was processed in a HBT tube for revealing heterophilic antibodies, hCG was no longer detected. Such finding indicated the presence of phantom hCG due to heterophilic mouse antibodies interaction. This case raises the need of clinico-biological discussion to avoid inappropriate therapeutic decisions. Based on this case experience and after review of the literature, we suggest that current gynecological protocols for the diagnosis and treatment of trophoblastic disease should consider the inclusion of urinary hCG and/or a test for serum heterophilic antibodies when appropriate.

Predictive value of serum progesterone level on β-hCG check day in women with previous repeated miscarriages after in vitro fertilization.

PubMed

Kim, Yong Jin; Shin, Jung Ho; Hur, Jun Yong; Kim, Hoon; Ku, Seung-Yup; Suh, Chang Suk

2017-01-01

To evaluate the predictive value of the progesterone level at the beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) check day for ongoing pregnancy maintenance in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in women with previous unexplained repeated miscarriages. One hundred and forty-eight women, with visible gestational sac after IVF, were recruited in this observational study. All subjects had unexplained recurrent miscarriages in more than two previous IVF cycles. The progesterone level at the β-hCG check day (i.e. 14 days after oocyte retrieval) was assessed. The area under the curve (AUC) of the progesterone level was evaluated to predict the ongoing pregnancy or miscarriage outcomes. The overall ongoing pregnancy rate was 60.8% (90/148). The cut-off value with β-hCG levels higher than 126.5 mIU/mL and with progesterone levels higher than 25.2 ng/mL could be the predictive factors for ongoing pregnancy maintenance (AUC = 0.788 and 0.826; sensitivity = 0.788 and 0.723; specificity = 0.689 and 0.833; P < 0.0001 and P < 0.0001, respectively). The miscarriage rates were 19.5% (15/77) in the women with β-hCG > 126.5 mIU/mL and 13.0% (10/77) in those with > 25.2 ng/mL. In the comparison of the ROC curves between both values, a similar significance was found. The subjects with β-hCG > 126.5 mIU/mL and progesterone > 25.2 ng/mL showed higher ongoing pregnancy rates [98.0% (49/50) vs. 41.8% (41/98)] than those with β-hCG ≤ 126.5 mIU/mL or progesterone ≤ 25.2 ng/mL. The progesterone level at 14 days after oocyte retrieval can be a good predictive marker for ongoing pregnancy maintenance in women with repeated IVF failure with miscarriage, together with the β-hCG level. The combined cut-off value of progesterone > 25.2 ng/mL and β-hCG > 126.5 mIU/mL may suggest a good prognosis.

Navy CG(X) Cruiser Program: Background, Oversight Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-17

Options for Congress 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e . TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK...McIntire Peters, “Navy’s Top Officer Sees Lessons in Shipbuilding Program Failures,” GovernmentExecutive.com, September 24, 2008) quoted Admiral Gary...defined, the total required number of CG(X)s could change.38 A related question is whether the schedule for procuring CG(X)s is properly aligned

17 CFR 248.13 - Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Exception to opt out requirements for service providers and joint marketing. 248.13 Section 248.13 Commodity and Securities Exchanges SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (CONTINUED) REGULATIONS S-P AND S-AM Regulation S-P: Privacy of Consumer Financial Information and Safeguardin...

Abnormal human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) trends after transfer of multiple embryos resulting in viable singleton pregnancies.

PubMed

Brady, Paula C; Farland, Leslie V; Missmer, Stacey A; Racowsky, Catherine; Fox, Janis H

2018-03-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate whether abnormal hCG trends occur at a higher incidence among women conceiving singleton pregnancies following transfer of multiple (two or more) embryos (MET), as compared to those having a single embryo transfer (SET). Retrospective cohort study was performed of women who conceived singleton pregnancies following fresh or frozen autologous IVF/ICSI cycles with day 3 or day 5 embryo transfers between 2007 and 2014 at a single academic medical center. Cycles resulting in one gestational sac on ultrasound followed by singleton live birth beyond 24 weeks of gestation were included. Logistic regression models adjusted a priori for patient age at oocyte retrieval and day of embryo transfer were used to estimate the Odds Ratio of having an abnormal hCG rise (defined as a rise or < 66% in 2 days) following SET as compared to MET. Among patients receiving two or more embryos, 6.1% (n = 84) had abnormal hCG rises between the first and second measurements, compared to 2.7% (n = 17) of patients undergoing SET (OR 2.16, 95% CI 1.26-3.71). Among patients with initially abnormal hCG rises who had a third level checked (89%), three-quarters had normal hCG rises between the second and third measurements. Patients who deliver singletons following MET were more likely to have suboptimal initial hCG rises, potentially due to transient implantation of other non-viable embryo(s). While useful for counseling, these findings should not change standard management of abnormal hCG rises following IVF. The third hCG measurements may clarify pregnancy prognosis.