Sample records for observed giving rise
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45 CFR 77.3 - Conditions that may give rise to remedial actions.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Conditions that may give rise to remedial actions. 77.3 Section 77.3 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REMEDIAL ACTIONS APPLICABLE TO LETTER OF CREDIT ADMINISTRATION § 77.3 Conditions that may give rise to...
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45 CFR 77.3 - Conditions that may give rise to remedial actions.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Conditions that may give rise to remedial actions. 77.3 Section 77.3 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION REMEDIAL ACTIONS APPLICABLE TO LETTER OF CREDIT ADMINISTRATION § 77.3 Conditions that may give rise to...
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Randomly chosen chaotic maps can give rise to nearly ordered behavior
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Boyarsky, Abraham; Góra, Paweł; Islam, Md. Shafiqul
2005-10-01
Parrondo’s paradox [J.M.R. Parrondo, G.P. Harmer, D. Abbott, New paradoxical games based on Brownian ratchets, Phys. Rev. Lett. 85 (2000), 5226-5229] (see also [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68-72]) states that two losing gambling games when combined one after the other (either deterministically or randomly) can result in a winning game: that is, a losing game followed by a losing game = a winning game. Inspired by this paradox, a recent study [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124-132] asked an analogous question in discrete time dynamical system: can two chaotic systems give rise to order, namely can they be combined into another dynamical system which does not behave chaotically? Numerical evidence is provided in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124-132] that two chaotic quadratic maps, when composed with each other, create a new dynamical system which has a stable period orbit. The question of what happens in the case of random composition of maps is posed in [J. Almeida, D. Peralta-Salas, M. Romera, Can two chaotic systems give rise to order? Physica D 200 (2005) 124-132] but left unanswered. In this note we present an example of a dynamical system where, at each iteration, a map is chosen in a probabilistic manner from a collection of chaotic maps. The resulting random map is proved to have an infinite absolutely continuous invariant measure (acim) with spikes at two points. From this we show that the dynamics behaves in a nearly ordered manner. When the foregoing maps are applied one after the other, deterministically as in [O.E. Percus, J.K. Percus, Can two wrongs make a right? Coin-tossing games and Parrondo’s paradox, Math. Intelligencer 24 (3) (2002) 68-72], the resulting composed map has a periodic orbit
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Malignant pericytes expressing GT198 give rise to tumor cells through angiogenesis.
Zhang, Liyong; Wang, Yan; Rashid, Mohammad H; Liu, Min; Angara, Kartik; Mivechi, Nahid F; Maihle, Nita J; Arbab, Ali S; Ko, Lan
2017-08-01
Angiogenesis promotes tumor development. Understanding the crucial factors regulating tumor angiogenesis may reveal new therapeutic targets. Human GT198 ( PSMC3IP or Hop2) is an oncoprotein encoded by a DNA repair gene that is overexpressed in tumor stromal vasculature to stimulate the expression of angiogenic factors. Here we show that pericytes expressing GT198 give rise to tumor cells through angiogenesis. GT198 + pericytes and perivascular cells are commonly present in the stromal compartment of various human solid tumors and rodent xenograft tumor models. In human oral cancer, GT198 + pericytes proliferate into GT198 + tumor cells, which migrate into lymph nodes. Increased GT198 expression is associated with increased lymph node metastasis and decreased progression-free survival in oral cancer patients. In rat brain U-251 glioblastoma xenografts, GT198 + pericytes of human tumor origin encase endothelial cells of rat origin to form mosaic angiogenic blood vessels, and differentiate into pericyte-derived tumor cells. The net effect is continued production of glioblastoma tumor cells from malignant pericytes via angiogenesis. In addition, activation of GT198 induces the expression of VEGF and promotes tube formation in cultured U251 cells. Furthermore, vaccination using GT198 protein as an antigen in mouse xenograft of GL261 glioma delayed tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Together, these findings suggest that GT198-expressing malignant pericytes can give rise to tumor cells through angiogenesis, and serve as a potential source of cells for distant metastasis. Hence, the oncoprotein GT198 has the potential to be a new target in anti-angiogenic therapies in human cancer.
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Self-Assembly of Polysaccharides Gives Rise to Distinct Mechanical Signatures in Marine Gels
Pletikapić, G.; Lannon, H.; Murvai, Ü.; Kellermayer, M.S.Z.; Svetličić, V.; Brujic, J.
2014-01-01
Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. PMID:25028877
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Statistics of EMIC Rising Tones Observed by the Van Allen Probes
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sigsbee, K. M.; Kletzing, C.; Smith, C. W.; Santolik, O.
2017-12-01
We will present results from an ongoing statistical study of electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) wave rising tones observed by the Van Allen Probes. Using data from the Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science (EMFISIS) fluxgate magnetometer, we have identified orbits by both Van Allen Probes with EMIC wave events from the start of the mission in fall 2012 through fall 2016. Orbits with EMIC wave events were further examined for evidence of rising tones. Most EMIC wave rising tones were found during H+ band EMIC wave events. In Fourier time-frequency power spectrograms of the fluxgate magnetometer data, H+ band rising tones generally took the form of triggered emission type events, where the discrete rising tone structures rapidly rise in frequency out of the main band of observed H+ EMIC waves. A smaller percentage of EMIC wave rising tone events were found in the He+ band, where rising tones may appear as discrete structures with a positive slope embedded within the main band of observed He+ EMIC waves, similar in appearance to whistler-mode chorus elements. Understanding the occurrence rate and properties of rising tone EMIC waves will provide observational context for theoretical studies indicating that EMIC waves exhibiting non-linear behavior, such as rising tones, may be more effective at scattering radiation belt electrons than ordinary EMIC waves.
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Self-assembly of polysaccharides gives rise to distinct mechanical signatures in marine gels.
Pletikapić, G; Lannon, H; Murvai, Ü; Kellermayer, M S Z; Svetličić, V; Brujic, J
2014-07-15
Marine-gel biopolymers were recently visualized at the molecular level using atomic force microscopy (AFM) to reveal fine fibril-forming networks with low to high degrees of cross-linking. In this work, we use force spectroscopy to quantify the intra- and intermolecular forces within the marine-gel network. Combining force measurements, AFM imaging, and the known chemical composition of marine gels allows us to identify the microscopic origins of distinct mechanical responses. At the single-fibril level, we uncover force-extension curves that resemble those of individual polysaccharide fibrils. They exhibit entropic elasticity followed by extensions associated with chair-to-boat transitions specific to the type of polysaccharide at high forces. Surprisingly, a low degree of cross-linking leads to sawtooth patterns that we attribute to the unraveling of polysaccharide entanglements. At a high degree of cross-linking, we observe force plateaus that arise from unzipping, as well as unwinding, of helical bundles. Finally, the complex 3D network structure gives rise to force staircases of increasing height that correspond to the hierarchical peeling of fibrils away from the junction zones. In addition, we show that these diverse mechanical responses also arise in reconstituted polysaccharide gels, which highlights their dominant role in the mechanical architecture of marine gels. Copyright © 2014 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Diensthuber, Marc; Oshima, Kazuo; Heller, Stefan
2009-06-01
Nonmammalian vertebrates regenerate lost sensory hair cells by means of asymmetric division of supporting cells. Inner ear or lateral line supporting cells in birds, amphibians, and fish consequently serve as bona fide stem cells resulting in high regenerative capacity of hair cell-bearing organs. Hair cell regeneration does not happen in the mammalian cochlea, but cells with proliferative capacity can be isolated from the neonatal cochlea. These cells have the ability to form clonal floating colonies, so-called spheres, when cultured in nonadherent conditions. We noticed that the sphere population derived from mouse cochlear sensory epithelium cells was heterogeneous, consisting of morphologically distinct sphere types, hereby classified as solid, transitional, and hollow. Cochlear sensory epithelium-derived stem/progenitor cells initially give rise to small solid spheres, which subsequently transition into hollow spheres, a change that is accompanied by epithelial differentiation of the majority of sphere cells. Only solid spheres, and to a lesser extent, transitional spheres, appeared to harbor self-renewing stem cells, whereas hollow spheres could not be consistently propagated. Solid spheres contained significantly more rapidly cycling Pax-2-expressing presumptive otic progenitor cells than hollow spheres. Islet-1, which becomes upregulated in nascent sensory patches, was also more abundant in solid than in hollow spheres. Likewise, hair cell-like cells, characterized by the expression of multiple hair cell markers, differentiated in significantly higher numbers in cell populations derived from solid spheres. We conclude that cochlear sensory epithelium cell populations initially give rise to small solid spheres that have self-renewing capacity before they subsequently convert into hollow spheres, a process that is accompanied by loss of stemness and reduced ability to spontaneously give rise to hair cell-like cells. Solid spheres might, therefore, represent
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Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment.
Mengel, Matthias; Levermann, Anders; Frieler, Katja; Robinson, Alexander; Marzeion, Ben; Winkelmann, Ricarda
2016-03-08
Sea level has been steadily rising over the past century, predominantly due to anthropogenic climate change. The rate of sea level rise will keep increasing with continued global warming, and, even if temperatures are stabilized through the phasing out of greenhouse gas emissions, sea level is still expected to rise for centuries. This will affect coastal areas worldwide, and robust projections are needed to assess mitigation options and guide adaptation measures. Here we combine the equilibrium response of the main sea level rise contributions with their last century's observed contribution to constrain projections of future sea level rise. Our model is calibrated to a set of observations for each contribution, and the observational and climate uncertainties are combined to produce uncertainty ranges for 21st century sea level rise. We project anthropogenic sea level rise of 28-56 cm, 37-77 cm, and 57-131 cm in 2100 for the greenhouse gas concentration scenarios RCP26, RCP45, and RCP85, respectively. Our uncertainty ranges for total sea level rise overlap with the process-based estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The "constrained extrapolation" approach generalizes earlier global semiempirical models and may therefore lead to a better understanding of the discrepancies with process-based projections.
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Future sea level rise constrained by observations and long-term commitment
Mengel, Matthias; Levermann, Anders; Frieler, Katja; Robinson, Alexander; Marzeion, Ben; Winkelmann, Ricarda
2016-01-01
Sea level has been steadily rising over the past century, predominantly due to anthropogenic climate change. The rate of sea level rise will keep increasing with continued global warming, and, even if temperatures are stabilized through the phasing out of greenhouse gas emissions, sea level is still expected to rise for centuries. This will affect coastal areas worldwide, and robust projections are needed to assess mitigation options and guide adaptation measures. Here we combine the equilibrium response of the main sea level rise contributions with their last century's observed contribution to constrain projections of future sea level rise. Our model is calibrated to a set of observations for each contribution, and the observational and climate uncertainties are combined to produce uncertainty ranges for 21st century sea level rise. We project anthropogenic sea level rise of 28–56 cm, 37–77 cm, and 57–131 cm in 2100 for the greenhouse gas concentration scenarios RCP26, RCP45, and RCP85, respectively. Our uncertainty ranges for total sea level rise overlap with the process-based estimates of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The “constrained extrapolation” approach generalizes earlier global semiempirical models and may therefore lead to a better understanding of the discrepancies with process-based projections. PMID:26903648
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Jagged–Delta asymmetry in Notch signaling can give rise to a Sender/Receiver hybrid phenotype
Boareto, Marcelo; Jolly, Mohit Kumar; Lu, Mingyang; Onuchic, José N.; Clementi, Cecilia; Ben-Jacob, Eshel
2015-01-01
Notch signaling pathway mediates cell-fate determination during embryonic development, wound healing, and tumorigenesis. This pathway is activated when the ligand Delta or the ligand Jagged of one cell interacts with the Notch receptor of its neighboring cell, releasing the Notch Intracellular Domain (NICD) that activates many downstream target genes. NICD affects ligand production asymmetrically––it represses Delta, but activates Jagged. Although the dynamical role of Notch–Jagged signaling remains elusive, it is widely recognized that Notch–Delta signaling behaves as an intercellular toggle switch, giving rise to two distinct fates that neighboring cells adopt––Sender (high ligand, low receptor) and Receiver (low ligand, high receptor). Here, we devise a specific theoretical framework that incorporates both Delta and Jagged in Notch signaling circuit to explore the functional role of Jagged in cell-fate determination. We find that the asymmetric effect of NICD renders the circuit to behave as a three-way switch, giving rise to an additional state––a hybrid Sender/Receiver (medium ligand, medium receptor). This phenotype allows neighboring cells to both send and receive signals, thereby attaining similar fates. We also show that due to the asymmetric effect of the glycosyltransferase Fringe, different outcomes are generated depending on which ligand is dominant: Delta-mediated signaling drives neighboring cells to have an opposite fate; Jagged-mediated signaling drives the cell to maintain a similar fate to that of its neighbor. We elucidate the role of Jagged in cell-fate determination and discuss its possible implications in understanding tumor–stroma cross-talk, which frequently entails Notch–Jagged communication. PMID:25605936
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HiRISE Observations of the Polar Regions of Mars
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Herkenhoff, K. E.; Byrne, S.; Fishbaugh, K.; Russell, P.; Fortezzo, C.; McEwen, A.
2008-12-01
Digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from MRO HiRISE stereo images allow meter-scale topographic measurements in the north polar layered deposits (NPLD) and distinction of slope vs. albedo effects on apparent brightness of individual layers. HiRISE images do not show thin layers at the limit of resolution. Rather, fine layering, if it exists, appears to have been obscured by a more dust-rich mantling deposit which shows signs of eolian erosion and slumping. Stratigraphic sequences within the NPLD appear to be repeated within exposures observed by HiRISE, indicative of a record of periodic climate changes. Granular flows sourced from within the dark, basal unit are suggestive of, but do not require, the presence of water during their formation. Active mass wasting of frost and dust has been observed on steep NPLD scarps in early spring, similar to dry, loose snow avalanches on terrestrial slopes. Bright and dark streaks are seen to evolve during the northern summer, evidence for active eolian redistribution of frost and perhaps dark (non- volatile) material. Relatively dark reddish patches observed within the north polar residual cap during the summer indicate that the cap is very thin (<1 m) or more transparent in places. HiRISE images of exposures of the south polar layered deposits (SPLD) show rectilinear fractures that are continuous across several layers and whose orientation is not affected by the topography of the exposure, suggesting that they were formed before erosion of the SPLD. They appear to extend laterally and vertically through the SPLD, like a joint set. While NPLD tectonism appears limited to isolated grabens, several faults have been observed by HiRISE in the SPLD, showing structural details including reverse fault splays that merge into bedding planes and possible evidence for thrust duplication. The faults may be the result of basal sliding (decollements) ramping into thrust faults near the margin of the SPLD.
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Dörner, Julia; Martinez Rodriguez, Verena; Ziegler, Ricarda; Röhrig, Theresa; Cochran, Rebecca S; Götz, Ronni M; Levin, Mark D; Pihlajoki, Marjut; Heikinheimo, Markku; Wilson, David B
2017-02-05
As certain strains of mice age, hyperplastic lesions resembling gonadal tissue accumulate beneath the adrenal capsule. Gonadectomy (GDX) accelerates this heterotopic differentiation, resulting in the formation of wedge-shaped adrenocortical neoplasms that produce sex steroids. Stem/progenitor cells that reside in the adrenal capsule and retain properties of the adrenogonadal primordium are thought to be the source of this heterotopic tissue. Here, we demonstrate that GLI1 + progenitors in the adrenal capsule give rise to gonadal-like cells that accumulate in the subcapsular region. A tamoxifen-inducible Cre driver (Gli1-creER T2 ) and two reporters (R26R-lacZ, R26R-confetti) were used to track the fate of GLI1 + cells in the adrenal glands of B6D2F2 mice, a strain that develops both GDX-induced adrenocortical neoplasms and age-dependent subcapsular cell hyperplasia. In gonadectomized B6D2F2 mice GLI1 + progenitors contributed to long-lived adrenal capsule cells and to adrenocortical neoplasms that expressed Gata4 and Foxl2, two prototypical gonadal markers. Pdgfra, a gene expressed in adrenocortical stromal cells, was upregulated in the GDX-induced neoplasms. In aged non-gonadectomized B6D2F2 mice GLI1 + progenitors gave rise to patches of subcapsular cell hyperplasia. Treatment with GANT61, a small-molecule GLI antagonist, attenuated the upregulation of gonadal-like markers (Gata4, Amhr2, Foxl2) in response to GDX. These findings support the premise that GLI1 + progenitor cells in the adrenal capsule of the adult mouse give rise to heterotopic tissue. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Space-based Observational Constraints for 1-D Plume Rise Models
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Martin, Maria Val; Kahn, Ralph A.; Logan, Jennifer A.; Paguam, Ronan; Wooster, Martin; Ichoku, Charles
2012-01-01
We use a space-based plume height climatology derived from observations made by the Multi-angle Imaging SpectroRadiometer (MISR) instrument aboard the NASA Terra satellite to evaluate the ability of a plume-rise model currently embedded in several atmospheric chemical transport models (CTMs) to produce accurate smoke injection heights. We initialize the plume-rise model with assimilated meteorological fields from the NASA Goddard Earth Observing System and estimated fuel moisture content at the location and time of the MISR measurements. Fire properties that drive the plume-rise model are difficult to estimate and we test the model with four estimates for active fire area and four for total heat flux, obtained using empirical data and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) re radiative power (FRP) thermal anomalies available for each MISR plume. We show that the model is not able to reproduce the plume heights observed by MISR over the range of conditions studied (maximum r2 obtained in all configurations is 0.3). The model also fails to determine which plumes are in the free troposphere (according to MISR), key information needed for atmospheric models to simulate properly smoke dispersion. We conclude that embedding a plume-rise model using currently available re constraints in large-scale atmospheric studies remains a difficult proposition. However, we demonstrate the degree to which the fire dynamical heat flux (related to active fire area and sensible heat flux), and atmospheric stability structure influence plume rise, although other factors less well constrained (e.g., entrainment) may also be significant. Using atmospheric stability conditions, MODIS FRP, and MISR plume heights, we offer some constraints on the main physical factors that drive smoke plume rise. We find that smoke plumes reaching high altitudes are characterized by higher FRP and weaker atmospheric stability conditions than those at low altitude, which tend to remain confined
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Jiang, Yanrui; Boll, Werner; Noll, Markus
2015-01-15
The Pox neuro (Poxn) gene of Drosophila plays a crucial role in the development of poly-innervated external sensory (p-es) organs. However, how Poxn exerts this role has remained elusive. In this study, we have analyzed the cell lineages of all larval p-es organs, namely of the kölbchen, papilla 6, and hair 3. Surprisingly, these lineages are distinct from any previously reported cell lineages of sensory organs. Unlike the well-established lineage of mono-innervated external sensory (m-es) organs and a previously proposed model of the p-es lineage, we demonstrate that all wild-type p-es lineages exhibit the following features: the secondary precursor, pIIa, gives rise to all three support cells-socket, shaft, and sheath, whereas the other secondary precursor, pIIb, is neuronal and gives rise to all neurons. We further show that in one of the p-es lineages, that of papilla 6, one cell undergoes apoptosis. By contrast in Poxn null mutants, all p-es lineages have a reduced number of cells and their pattern of cell divisions is changed to that of an m-es organ, with the exception of a lineage in a minority of mutant kölbchen that retains a second bipolar neuron. Indeed, the role of Poxn in p-es lineages is consistent with the specification of the developmental potential of secondary precursors and the regulation of cell division but not apoptosis. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Jin, Liang; Feng, Tao; Chai, Jing; Ghazalli, Nadiah; Gao, Dan; Zerda, Ricardo; Li, Zhuo; Hsu, Jasper; Mahdavi, Alborz; Tirrell, David A.; Riggs, Arthur D.; Ku, Hsun Teresa
2014-01-01
In our previous studies, colony-forming progenitor cells isolated from murine embryonic stem cell-derived cultures were differentiated into morphologically distinct insulin-expressing colonies. These colonies were small and not light-reflective when observed by phase-contrast microscopy (therefore termed “Dark” colonies). A single progenitor cell capable of giving rise to a Dark colony was termed a Dark colony-forming unit (CFU-Dark). The goal of the current study was to test whether endogenous pancreas, and its developmentally related liver, harbored CFU-Dark. Here we show that dissociated single cells from liver and pancreas of one-week-old mice give rise to Dark colonies in methylcellulose-based semisolid culture media containing either Matrigel or laminin hydrogel (an artificial extracellular matrix protein). CFU-Dark comprise approximately 0.1% and 0.03% of the postnatal hepatic and pancreatic cells, respectively. Adult liver also contains CFU-Dark, but at a much lower frequency (~0.003%). Microfluidic qRT-PCR, immunostaining, and electron microscopy analyses of individually handpicked colonies reveal the expression of insulin in many, but not all, Dark colonies. Most pancreatic insulin-positive Dark colonies also express glucagon, whereas liver colonies do not. Liver CFU-Dark require Matrigel, but not laminin hydrogel, to become insulin-positive. In contrast, laminin hydrogel is sufficient to support the development of pancreatic Dark colonies that express insulin. Postnatal liver CFU-Dark display a cell surface marker CD133+CD49flowCD107blow phenotype, while pancreatic CFU-Dark are CD133-. Together, these results demonstrate that specific progenitor cells in the postnatal liver and pancreas are capable of developing into insulin-expressing colonies, but they differ in frequency, marker expression, and matrix protein requirements for growth. PMID:25148366
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Neural transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to give rise to neural ectoderm
Gaur, Shailly; Mandelbaum, Max; Herold, Mona; Majumdar, Himani Datta; Neilson, Karen M.; Maynard, Thomas M.; Mood, Kathy; Daar, Ira O.; Moody, Sally A.
2016-01-01
The decision by embryonic ectoderm to give rise to epidermal versus neural derivatives is the result of signaling events during blastula and gastrula stages. However, there also is evidence in Xenopus that cleavage stage blastomeres contain maternally derived molecules that bias them toward a neural fate. We used a blastomere explant culture assay to test whether maternally deposited transcription factors bias 16-cell blastomere precursors of epidermal or neural ectoderm to express early zygotic neural genes in the absence of gastrulation interactions or exogenously supplied signaling factors. We found that Foxd4l1, Zic2, Gmnn and Sox11 each induced explants made from ventral, epidermis-producing blastomeres to express early neural genes, and that at least some of the Foxd4l1 and Zic2 activity is required at cleavage stages. Similarly, providing extra Foxd4l1 or Zic2 to explants made from dorsal, neural plate-producing blastomeres significantly increased expression of early neural genes, whereas knocking down either significantly reduced them. These results show that maternally delivered transcription factors bias cleavage stage blastomeres to a neural fate. We demonstrate that mouse and human homologues of Foxd4l1 have similar functional domains compared to the frog protein, as well as conserved transcriptional activities when expressed in Xenopus embryos and blastomere explants. PMID:27092474
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tornambe, Amedeo
1989-08-01
Theoretical rates of mergings of envelope-deprived components of binary systems, which can give rise to supernova events are described. The effects of the various assumptions on the physical properties of the progenitor system and of its evolutionary behavior through common envelope phases are discussed. Four cases have been analyzed: CO-CO, He-CO, He-He double degenerate mergings and He star-CO dwarf merging. It is found that, above a critical efficiency of the common envelope action in system shrinkage, the rate of CO-CO mergings is not strongly sensitive to the efficiency. Below this critical value, no CO-CO systems will survive for times larger than a few Gyr. In contrast, He-CO dwarf systems will continue to merge at a reasonable rate up to 20 Gyr, and more, also under extreme conditions.
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Hypernovae: Observational aspects
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Danziger, I. J.
2001-05-01
Following the discovery of a supernova SN 1998bw very probably associated with the γ-ray burst source GRB980425 the term ``hypernova'' has been re-defined to embrace SNe of high energy associated with GRB's. Here we discuss in some detail the observed and inferred properties of SN 1998bw and its relation to other previously observed SNe to which it may be related. A brief account is given of other relatively nearby SNe where a possible association with GRB's has been suggested ex post facto. There are also cases where less direct but suggestive evidence for a SN/GRB association has been adduced for well observed GRB events and their associated afterglow. These are also referred to. Our conclusion is that observationally we are still near the beginning of understanding which types of SNe give rise to GRB's and how frequently they occur. Nevertheless objects such as SN1998bw surely give rise to young supernova remnants with high velocity oxygen-enriched filaments. .
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Hanuschkin, A; Ganguli, S; Hahnloser, R H R
2013-01-01
Mirror neurons are neurons whose responses to the observation of a motor act resemble responses measured during production of that act. Computationally, mirror neurons have been viewed as evidence for the existence of internal inverse models. Such models, rooted within control theory, map-desired sensory targets onto the motor commands required to generate those targets. To jointly explore both the formation of mirrored responses and their functional contribution to inverse models, we develop a correlation-based theory of interactions between a sensory and a motor area. We show that a simple eligibility-weighted Hebbian learning rule, operating within a sensorimotor loop during motor explorations and stabilized by heterosynaptic competition, naturally gives rise to mirror neurons as well as control theoretic inverse models encoded in the synaptic weights from sensory to motor neurons. Crucially, we find that the correlational structure or stereotypy of the neural code underlying motor explorations determines the nature of the learned inverse model: random motor codes lead to causal inverses that map sensory activity patterns to their motor causes; such inverses are maximally useful, by allowing the imitation of arbitrary sensory target sequences. By contrast, stereotyped motor codes lead to less useful predictive inverses that map sensory activity to future motor actions. Our theory generalizes previous work on inverse models by showing that such models can be learned in a simple Hebbian framework without the need for error signals or backpropagation, and it makes new conceptual connections between the causal nature of inverse models, the statistical structure of motor variability, and the time-lag between sensory and motor responses of mirror neurons. Applied to bird song learning, our theory can account for puzzling aspects of the song system, including necessity of sensorimotor gating and selectivity of auditory responses to bird's own song (BOS) stimuli.
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Hanuschkin, A.; Ganguli, S.; Hahnloser, R. H. R.
2013-01-01
Mirror neurons are neurons whose responses to the observation of a motor act resemble responses measured during production of that act. Computationally, mirror neurons have been viewed as evidence for the existence of internal inverse models. Such models, rooted within control theory, map-desired sensory targets onto the motor commands required to generate those targets. To jointly explore both the formation of mirrored responses and their functional contribution to inverse models, we develop a correlation-based theory of interactions between a sensory and a motor area. We show that a simple eligibility-weighted Hebbian learning rule, operating within a sensorimotor loop during motor explorations and stabilized by heterosynaptic competition, naturally gives rise to mirror neurons as well as control theoretic inverse models encoded in the synaptic weights from sensory to motor neurons. Crucially, we find that the correlational structure or stereotypy of the neural code underlying motor explorations determines the nature of the learned inverse model: random motor codes lead to causal inverses that map sensory activity patterns to their motor causes; such inverses are maximally useful, by allowing the imitation of arbitrary sensory target sequences. By contrast, stereotyped motor codes lead to less useful predictive inverses that map sensory activity to future motor actions. Our theory generalizes previous work on inverse models by showing that such models can be learned in a simple Hebbian framework without the need for error signals or backpropagation, and it makes new conceptual connections between the causal nature of inverse models, the statistical structure of motor variability, and the time-lag between sensory and motor responses of mirror neurons. Applied to bird song learning, our theory can account for puzzling aspects of the song system, including necessity of sensorimotor gating and selectivity of auditory responses to bird's own song (BOS) stimuli. PMID
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
He, Zhaoguo; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049; Zong, Qiugang, E-mail: qgzong@gmail.com
2014-12-15
Resonant pitch angle scattering by electromagnetic ion cyclotron (EMIC) waves has been suggested to account for the rapid loss of ring current ions and radiation belt electrons. For the rising tone EMIC wave (classified as triggered EMIC emission), its frequency sweep rate strongly affects the efficiency of pitch-angle scattering. Based on the Cluster observations, we analyze three typical cases of rising tone EMIC waves. Two cases locate at the nightside (22.3 and 22.6 magnetic local time (MLT)) equatorial region and one case locates at the duskside (18MLT) higher magnetic latitude (λ = –9.3°) region. For the three cases, the time-dependent wave amplitude,more » cold electron density, and cold ion density ratio are derived from satellite data; while the ambient magnetic field, thermal proton perpendicular temperature, and the wave spectral can be directly provided by observation. These parameters are input into the nonlinear wave growth model to simulate the time-frequency evolutions of the rising tones. The simulated results show good agreements with the observations of the rising tones, providing further support for the previous finding that the rising tone EMIC wave is excited through the nonlinear wave growth process.« less
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Manson, Neil C
2015-02-01
In many jurisdictions, adolescents acquire the right to consent to treatment; but in some cases their refusals - e.g. of life-saving treatment - may not be respected. This asymmetry of adolescent consent and refusal seems puzzling, even incoherent. The aim here is to offer an original explanation, and a justification, of this asymmetry. Rather than trying to explain the asymmetry in terms of a variable standard of competence - where the adolescent is competent to consent to, but not refuse, certain interventions - the account offered here focuses more closely on the normative power to render actions permissible. Where normative powers are shared they can readily give rise to an asymmetry between consent and refusal. We then turn to why it is justifiable that normative powers be shared in adolescence. Transitional paternalism holds that the acquisition of normative powers by competent adolescents should not be an instant one, achieved in a single step, but that there should be a transitional period where paternalistic protection is rolled back, but not entirely withdrawn until a later date. Transitional paternalism could be implemented without generating the asymmetry between consent and refusal but, it is argued, the asymmetric version of transitional paternalism is to be preferred insofar as it offers a greater respect for the adolescent's decisions than the symmetrical alternative. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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The global coastline dataset: the observed relation between erosion and sea-level rise
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Donchyts, G.; Baart, F.; Luijendijk, A.; Hagenaars, G.
2017-12-01
Erosion of sandy coasts is considered one of the key risks of sea-level rise. Because sandy coastlines of the world are often highly populated, erosive coastline trends result in risk to populations and infrastructure. Most of our understanding of the relation between sea-level rise and coastal erosion is based on local or regional observations and generalizations of numerical and physical experiments. Until recently there was no reliable global scale assessment of the location of sandy coasts and their rate of erosion and accretion. Here we present the global coastline dataset that covers erosion indicators on a local scale with global coverage. The dataset uses our global coastline transects grid defined with an alongshore spacing of 250 m and a cross shore length extending 1 km seaward and 1 km landward. This grid matches up with pre-existing local grids where available. We present the latest results on validation of coastal-erosion trends (based on optical satellites) and classification of sandy versus non-sandy coasts. We show the relation between sea-level rise (based both on tide-gauges and multi-mission satellite altimetry) and observed erosion trends over the last decades, taking into account broken-coastline trends (for example due to nourishments).An interactive web application presents the publicly-accessible results using a backend based on Google Earth Engine. It allows both researchers and stakeholders to use objective estimates of coastline trends, particularly when authoritative sources are not available.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tulasi Ram, S.; Ajith, K. K.; Yokoyama, T.; Yamamoto, M.; Niranjan, K.
2017-06-01
The vertical rise velocity (Vr) and maximum altitude (Hm) of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) were estimated using the two-dimensional fan sector maps of 47 MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR), Kototabang, during May 2010 to April 2013. A total of 86 EPBs were observed out of which 68 were postsunset EPBs and remaining 18 EPBs were observed around midnight hours. The vertical rise velocities of the EPBs observed around the midnight hours are significantly smaller ( 26-128 m/s) compared to those observed in postsunset hours ( 45-265 m/s). Further, the vertical growth of the EPBs around midnight hours ceases at relatively lower altitudes, whereas the majority of EPBs at postsunset hours found to have grown beyond the maximum detectable altitude of the EAR. The three-dimensional numerical high-resolution bubble (HIRB) model with varying background conditions are employed to investigate the possible factors that control the vertical rise velocity and maximum attainable altitudes of EPBs. The estimated rise velocities from EAR observations at both postsunset and midnight hours are, in general, consistent with the nonlinear evolution of EPBs from the HIRB model. The smaller vertical rise velocities (Vr) and lower maximum altitudes (Hm) of EPBs during midnight hours are discussed in terms of weak polarization electric fields within the bubble due to weaker background electric fields and reduced background ion density levels.
Plain Language SummaryEquatorial plasma bubbles are plasma density irregularities in the ionosphere. The radio waves passing through these irregular density structures undergo severe degradation/scintillation that could cause severe disruption of satellite-based communication and augmentation systems such as GPS navigation. These bubbles develop at geomagnetic equator, grow vertically, and elongate along the field lines to latitudes away from the equator. The knowledge on bubble <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocities and their</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042085','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15042085"><span>Mass and volume contributions to twentieth-century global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miller, Laury; Douglas, Bruce C</p> <p>2004-03-25</p> <p>The rate of twentieth-century global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and its causes are the subjects of intense controversy. Most direct estimates from tide gauges <span class="hlt">give</span> 1.5-2.0 mm yr(-1), whereas indirect estimates based on the two processes responsible for global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, namely mass and volume change, fall far below this range. Estimates of the volume increase due to ocean warming <span class="hlt">give</span> a rate of about 0.5 mm yr(-1) (ref. 8) and the rate due to mass increase, primarily from the melting of continental ice, is thought to be even smaller. Therefore, either the tide gauge estimates are too high, as has been suggested recently, or one (or both) of the mass and volume estimates is too low. Here we present an analysis of sea level measurements at tide gauges combined with <span class="hlt">observations</span> of temperature and salinity in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans close to the gauges. We find that gauge-determined rates of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, which encompass both mass and volume changes, are two to three times higher than the rates due to volume change derived from temperature and salinity data. Our analysis supports earlier studies that put the twentieth-century rate in the 1.5-2.0 mm yr(-1) range, but more importantly it suggests that mass increase plays a larger role than ocean warming in twentieth-century global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970018786','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19970018786"><span>Documentation of Atmospheric Conditions During <span class="hlt">Observed</span> <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Aircraft Wakes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Zak, J. Allen; Rodgers, William G., Jr.</p> <p>1997-01-01</p> <p>Flight tests were conducted in the fall of 1995 off the coast of Wallops Island, Virginia in order to determine characteristics of wake vortices at flight altitudes. A NASA Wallops Flight Facility C130 aircraft equipped with smoke generators produced visible wakes at altitudes ranging from 775 to 2225 m in a variety of atmospheric conditions, orientations (head wind, cross wind), and airspeeds. Meteorological and aircraft parameters were collected continuously from a Langley Research Center OV-10A aircraft as it flew alongside and through the wake vortices at varying distances behind the C130. Meteorological data were also obtained from special balloon <span class="hlt">observations</span> made at Wallops. Differential GPS capabilities were on each aircraft from which accurate altitude profiles were obtained. Vortices were <span class="hlt">observed</span> to <span class="hlt">rise</span> at distances beyond a mile behind the C130. The maximum altitude was 150 m above the C130 in a near neutral atmosphere with significant turbulence. This occurred from large vertical oscillations in the wakes. There were several cases when vortices did not descend after a very short initial period and remained near generation altitude in a variety of moderately stable atmospheres and wind shears.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21072542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21072542"><span>Simple ecological trade-offs <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to emergent cross-ecosystem distributions of a coral reef fish.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grol, Monique G G; Nagelkerken, Ivan; Rypel, Andrew L; Layman, Craig A</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Ecosystems are intricately linked by the flow of organisms across their boundaries, and such connectivity can be essential to the structure and function of the linked ecosystems. For example, many coral reef fish populations are maintained by the movement of individuals from spatially segregated juvenile habitats (i.e., nurseries, such as mangroves and seagrass beds) to areas preferred by adults. It is presumed that nursery habitats provide for faster growth (higher food availability) and/or low predation risk for juveniles, but empirical data supporting this hypothesis is surprisingly lacking for coral reef fishes. Here, we investigate potential mechanisms (growth, predation risk, and reproductive investment) that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the distribution patterns of a common Caribbean reef fish species, Haemulon flavolineatum (French grunt). Adults were primarily found on coral reefs, whereas juvenile fish only occurred in non-reef habitats. Contrary to our initial expectations, analysis of length-at-age revealed that growth rates were highest on coral reefs and not within nursery habitats. Survival rates in tethering trials were 0% for small juvenile fish transplanted to coral reefs and 24-47% in the nurseries. As fish grew, survival rates on coral reefs approached those in non-reef habitats (56 vs. 77-100%, respectively). As such, predation seems to be the primary factor driving across-ecosystem distributions of this fish, and thus the primary reason why mangrove and seagrass habitats function as nursery habitat. Identifying the mechanisms that lead to such distributions is critical to develop appropriate conservation initiatives, identify essential fish habitat, and predict impacts associated with environmental change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3015207','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3015207"><span>Simple ecological trade-offs <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to emergent cross-ecosystem distributions of a coral reef fish</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Grol, Monique G. G.; Rypel, Andrew L.; Layman, Craig A.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Ecosystems are intricately linked by the flow of organisms across their boundaries, and such connectivity can be essential to the structure and function of the linked ecosystems. For example, many coral reef fish populations are maintained by the movement of individuals from spatially segregated juvenile habitats (i.e., nurseries, such as mangroves and seagrass beds) to areas preferred by adults. It is presumed that nursery habitats provide for faster growth (higher food availability) and/or low predation risk for juveniles, but empirical data supporting this hypothesis is surprisingly lacking for coral reef fishes. Here, we investigate potential mechanisms (growth, predation risk, and reproductive investment) that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the distribution patterns of a common Caribbean reef fish species, Haemulon flavolineatum (French grunt). Adults were primarily found on coral reefs, whereas juvenile fish only occurred in non-reef habitats. Contrary to our initial expectations, analysis of length-at-age revealed that growth rates were highest on coral reefs and not within nursery habitats. Survival rates in tethering trials were 0% for small juvenile fish transplanted to coral reefs and 24–47% in the nurseries. As fish grew, survival rates on coral reefs approached those in non-reef habitats (56 vs. 77–100%, respectively). As such, predation seems to be the primary factor driving across-ecosystem distributions of this fish, and thus the primary reason why mangrove and seagrass habitats function as nursery habitat. Identifying the mechanisms that lead to such distributions is critical to develop appropriate conservation initiatives, identify essential fish habitat, and predict impacts associated with environmental change. PMID:21072542</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7298B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7298B"><span>Consistent estimate of ocean warming, land ice melt and sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from <span class="hlt">Observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Blazquez, Alejandro; Meyssignac, Benoît; Lemoine, Jean Michel</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>Based on the sea level budget closure approach, this study investigates the consistency of <span class="hlt">observed</span> Global Mean Sea Level (GMSL) estimates from satellite altimetry, <span class="hlt">observed</span> Ocean Thermal Expansion (OTE) estimates from in-situ hydrographic data (based on Argo for depth above 2000m and oceanic cruises below) and GRACE <span class="hlt">observations</span> of land water storage and land ice melt for the period January 2004 to December 2014. The consistency between these datasets is a key issue if we want to constrain missing contributions to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> such as the deep ocean contribution. Numerous previous studies have addressed this question by summing up the different contributions to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and comparing it to satellite altimetry <span class="hlt">observations</span> (see for example Llovel et al. 2015, Dieng et al. 2015). Here we propose a novel approach which consists in correcting GRACE solutions over the ocean (essentially corrections of stripes and leakage from ice caps) with mass <span class="hlt">observations</span> deduced from the difference between satellite altimetry GMSL and in-situ hydrographic data OTE estimates. We check that the resulting GRACE corrected solutions are consistent with original GRACE estimates of the geoid spherical harmonic coefficients within error bars and we compare the resulting GRACE estimates of land water storage and land ice melt with independent results from the literature. This method provides a new mass redistribution from GRACE consistent with <span class="hlt">observations</span> from Altimetry and OTE. We test the sensibility of this method to the deep ocean contribution and the GIA models and propose best estimates.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580020','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26580020"><span>Potential sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from Antarctic ice-sheet instability constrained by <span class="hlt">observations</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ritz, Catherine; Edwards, Tamsin L; Durand, Gaël; Payne, Antony J; Peyaud, Vincent; Hindmarsh, Richard C A</p> <p>2015-12-03</p> <p>Large parts of the Antarctic ice sheet lying on bedrock below sea level may be vulnerable to marine-ice-sheet instability (MISI), a self-sustaining retreat of the grounding line triggered by oceanic or atmospheric changes. There is growing evidence that MISI may be underway throughout the Amundsen Sea embayment (ASE), which contains ice equivalent to more than a metre of global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. If triggered in other regions, the centennial to millennial contribution could be several metres. Physically plausible projections are challenging: numerical models with sufficient spatial resolution to simulate grounding-line processes have been too computationally expensive to generate large ensembles for uncertainty assessment, and lower-resolution model projections rely on parameterizations that are only loosely constrained by present day changes. Here we project that the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute up to 30 cm sea-level equivalent by 2100 and 72 cm by 2200 (95% quantiles) where the ASE dominates. Our process-based, statistical approach <span class="hlt">gives</span> skewed and complex probability distributions (single mode, 10 cm, at 2100; two modes, 49 cm and 6 cm, at 2200). The dependence of sliding on basal friction is a key unknown: nonlinear relationships favour higher contributions. Results are conditional on assessments of MISI risk on the basis of projected triggers under the climate scenario A1B (ref. 9), although sensitivity to these is limited by theoretical and topographical constraints on the rate and extent of ice loss. We find that contributions are restricted by a combination of these constraints, calibration with success in simulating <span class="hlt">observed</span> ASE losses, and low assessed risk in some basins. Our assessment suggests that upper-bound estimates from low-resolution models and physical arguments (up to a metre by 2100 and around one and a half by 2200) are implausible under current understanding of physical mechanisms and potential triggers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.528..115R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015Natur.528..115R"><span>Potential sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from Antarctic ice-sheet instability constrained by <span class="hlt">observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ritz, Catherine; Edwards, Tamsin L.; Durand, Gaël; Payne, Antony J.; Peyaud, Vincent; Hindmarsh, Richard C. A.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Large parts of the Antarctic ice sheet lying on bedrock below sea level may be vulnerable to marine-ice-sheet instability (MISI), a self-sustaining retreat of the grounding line triggered by oceanic or atmospheric changes. There is growing evidence that MISI may be underway throughout the Amundsen Sea embayment (ASE), which contains ice equivalent to more than a metre of global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. If triggered in other regions, the centennial to millennial contribution could be several metres. Physically plausible projections are challenging: numerical models with sufficient spatial resolution to simulate grounding-line processes have been too computationally expensive to generate large ensembles for uncertainty assessment, and lower-resolution model projections rely on parameterizations that are only loosely constrained by present day changes. Here we project that the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute up to 30 cm sea-level equivalent by 2100 and 72 cm by 2200 (95% quantiles) where the ASE dominates. Our process-based, statistical approach <span class="hlt">gives</span> skewed and complex probability distributions (single mode, 10 cm, at 2100; two modes, 49 cm and 6 cm, at 2200). The dependence of sliding on basal friction is a key unknown: nonlinear relationships favour higher contributions. Results are conditional on assessments of MISI risk on the basis of projected triggers under the climate scenario A1B (ref. 9), although sensitivity to these is limited by theoretical and topographical constraints on the rate and extent of ice loss. We find that contributions are restricted by a combination of these constraints, calibration with success in simulating <span class="hlt">observed</span> ASE losses, and low assessed risk in some basins. Our assessment suggests that upper-bound estimates from low-resolution models and physical arguments (up to a metre by 2100 and around one and a half by 2200) are implausible under current understanding of physical mechanisms and potential triggers.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P23B1714S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011AGUFM.P23B1714S"><span>CRISM/Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Correlative Spectroscopy</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Seelos, F. P.; Murchie, S. L.; McGovern, A.; Milazzo, M. P.; Herkenhoff, K. E.</p> <p>2011-12-01</p> <p>The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars (CRISM) and High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) are complementary investigations with high spectral resolution and broad wavelength coverage (CRISM ~20 m/pxl; ~400 - 4000 nm, 6.55 nm sampling) and high spatial resolution with broadband color capability (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> ~25 cm/pxl; ~500, 700, 900 nm band centers, ~200-300 nm FWHM). Over the course of the MRO mission it has become apparent that spectral variations in the IR detected by CRISM (~1000 nm - 4000 nm) sometimes correlate spatially with visible and near infrared 3-band color variations <span class="hlt">observed</span> by Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>. We have developed a data processing procedure that establishes a numerical mapping between Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> color and CRISM VNIR and IR spectral data and provides a statistical evaluation of the uncertainty in the mapping, with the objective of extrapolating CRISM-inferred mineralogy to the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> spatial scale. The MRO mission profile, spacecraft capabilities, and science planning process emphasize coordinated <span class="hlt">observations</span> - the simultaneous <span class="hlt">observation</span> of a common target by multiple instruments. The commonalities of CRISM/Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> coordinated <span class="hlt">observations</span> present a unique opportunity for tandem data analysis. Recent advances in the systematic processing of CRISM hyperspectral targeted <span class="hlt">observations</span> account for gimbal-induced photometric variations and transform the data to a synthetic nadir acquisition geometry. The CRISM VNIR (~400 nm - 1000 nm) data can then be convolved to the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Infrared, Red, and Blue/Green (IRB) response functions to generate a compatible CRISM IRB product. Statistical evaluation of the CRISM/Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> spatial overlap region establishes a quantitative link between the data sets. IRB spectral similarity mapping for each Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> color spatial pixel with respect to the CRISM IRB product allows a given Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> pixel to be populated with information derived from the coordinated CRISM <span class="hlt">observation</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034077','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034077"><span>Hydrovolcanic features on Mars: Preliminary <span class="hlt">observations</span> from the first Mars year of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> imaging</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Keszthelyi, L.P.; Jaeger, W.L.; Dundas, C.M.; Martinez-Alonso, S.; McEwen, A.S.; Milazzo, M.P.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>We provide an overview of features indicative of the interaction between water and lava and/or magma on Mars as seen by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) camera during the Primary Science Phase of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) mission. The ability to confidently resolve meter-scale features from orbit has been extremely useful in the study of the most pristine examples. In particular, Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> has allowed the documentation of previously undescribed features associated with phreatovolcanic cones (formed by the interaction of lava and groundwater) on rapidly emplaced flood lavas. These include "moats" and "wakes" that indicate that the lava crust was thin and mobile, respectively [Jaeger, W.L., Keszthelyi, L.P., McEwen, A.S., Dundas, C.M., Russel, P.S., 2007. Science 317, 1709-1711]. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> has also discovered entablature-style jointing in lavas that is indicative of water-cooling [Milazzo, M.P., Keszthelyi, L.P., Jaeger, W.L., Rosiek, M., Mattson, S., Verba, C., Beyer, R.A., Geissler, P.E., McEwen, A.S., and the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Team, 2009. Geology 37, 171-174]. Other <span class="hlt">observations</span> strongly support the idea of extensive volcanic mudflows (lahars). Evidence for other forms of hydrovolcanism, including glaciovolcanic interactions, is more equivocal. This is largely because most older and high-latitude terrains have been extensively modified, masking any earlier 1-10 m scale features. Much like terrestrial fieldwork, the prerequisite for making full use of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>'s capabilities is finding good outcrops.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRB..118.3126I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013JGRB..118.3126I"><span>Antarctic contribution to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> by GRACE with improved GIA correction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivins, Erik R.; James, Thomas S.; Wahr, John; Schrama, Ernst J. O.; Landerer, Felix W.; Simon, Karen M.</p> <p>2013-06-01</p> <p>Antarctic volume changes during the past 21 thousand years are smaller than previously thought, and here we construct an ice sheet history that drives a forward model prediction of the glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) gravity signal. The new model, in turn, should <span class="hlt">give</span> predictions that are constrained with recent uplift data. The impact of the GIA signal on a Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) Antarctic mass balance estimate depends on the specific GRACE analysis method used. For the method described in this paper, the GIA contribution to the apparent surface mass change is re-evaluated to be +55±13 Gt/yr by considering a revised ice history model and a parameter search for vertical motion predictions that best fit the GPS <span class="hlt">observations</span> at 18 high-quality stations. Although the GIA model spans a range of possible Earth rheological structure values, the data are not yet sufficient for solving for a preferred value of upper and lower mantle viscosity nor for a preferred lithospheric thickness. GRACE monthly solutions from the Center for Space Research Release 04 (CSR-RL04) release time series from January 2003 to the beginning of January 2012, uncorrected for GIA, yield an ice mass rate of +2.9± 29 Gt/yr. The new GIA correction increases the solved-for ice mass imbalance of Antarctica to -57±34 Gt/yr. The revised GIA correction is smaller than past GRACE estimates by about 50 to 90 Gt/yr. The new upper bound to the sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from the Antarctic ice sheet, averaged over the time span 2003.0-2012.0, is about 0.16±0.09 mm/yr.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479067','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19479067"><span>GPS measurement error <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to spurious 180 degree turning angles and strong directional biases in animal movement data.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hurford, Amy</p> <p>2009-05-20</p> <p>Movement data are frequently collected using Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers, but recorded GPS locations are subject to errors. While past studies have suggested methods to improve location accuracy, mechanistic movement models utilize distributions of turning angles and directional biases and these data present a new challenge in recognizing and reducing the effect of measurement error. I collected locations from a stationary GPS collar, analyzed a probabilistic model and used Monte Carlo simulations to understand how measurement error affects measured turning angles and directional biases. Results from each of the three methods were in complete agreement: measurement error <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a systematic bias where a stationary animal is most likely to be measured as turning 180 degrees or moving towards a fixed point in space. These spurious effects occur in GPS data when the measured distance between locations is <20 meters. Measurement error must be considered as a possible cause of 180 degree turning angles in GPS data. Consequences of failing to account for measurement error are predicting overly tortuous movement, numerous returns to previously visited locations, inaccurately predicting species range, core areas, and the frequency of crossing linear features. By understanding the effect of GPS measurement error, ecologists are able to disregard false signals to more accurately design conservation plans for endangered wildlife.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=zero+AND+point+AND+energy&id=EJ371024','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=zero+AND+point+AND+energy&id=EJ371024"><span>Calculation of Temperature <span class="hlt">Rise</span> in Calorimetry.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Canagaratna, Sebastian G.; Witt, Jerry</p> <p>1988-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Gives</span> a simple but fuller account of the basis for accurately calculating temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> in calorimetry. Points out some misconceptions regarding these calculations. Describes two basic methods, the extrapolation to zero time and the equal area method. Discusses the theoretical basis of each and their underlying assumptions. (CW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282570','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18282570"><span>Muscle-derived stem cells isolated as non-adherent population <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to cardiac, skeletal muscle and neural lineages.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Arsic, Nikola; Mamaeva, Daria; Lamb, Ned J; Fernandez, Anne</p> <p>2008-04-01</p> <p>Stem cells with the ability to differentiate in specialized cell types can be extracted from a wide array of adult tissues including skeletal muscle. Here we have analyzed a population of cells isolated from skeletal muscle on the basis of their poor adherence on uncoated or collagen-coated dishes that show multi-lineage differentiation in vitro. When analysed under proliferative conditions, these cells express stem cell surface markers Sca-1 (65%) and Bcrp-1 (80%) but also MyoD (15%), Neuronal beta III-tubulin (25%), GFAP (30%) or Nkx2.5 (1%). Although capable of growing as non-attached spheres for months, when given an appropriate matrix, these cells adhere <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to skeletal muscle, neuronal and cardiac muscle cell lineages. A similar cell population could not be isolated from either bone marrow or cardiac tissue suggesting their specificity to skeletal muscle. When injected into damaged muscle, these non-adherent muscle-derived cells are retrieved expressing Pax7, in a sublaminar position characterizing satellite cells and participate in forming new myofibers. These data show that a non-adherent stem cell population can be specifically isolated and expanded from skeletal muscle and upon attachment to a matrix spontaneously differentiate into muscle, cardiac and neuronal lineages in vitro. Although competing with resident satellite cells, these cells are shown to significantly contribute to repair of injured muscle in vivo supporting that a similar muscle-derived non-adherent cell population from human muscle may be useful in treatment of neuromuscular disorders.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367204','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28367204"><span>Effectiveness of media awareness campaigns on the proportion of vehicles that <span class="hlt">give</span> space to ambulances on roads: An <span class="hlt">observational</span> study.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Shaikh, Shiraz; Baig, Lubna A; Polkowski, Maciej</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>The findings of the Health Care in Danger project in Karachi suggests that there is presence of behavioral negligence among vehicle operators on roads in regards to <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances. A mass media campaign was conducted to raise people's awareness on the importance of <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the campaign on increasing the proportion of vehicles that <span class="hlt">give</span> way to ambulances. This was a quasi-experimental study that was based on before and after design. Three <span class="hlt">observation</span> surveys were carried out in different areas of the city in Karachi, Pakistan before, during and after the campaign by trained <span class="hlt">observers</span> who recorded their findings on a checklist. Each <span class="hlt">observation</span> was carried out at three different times of the day for at least two days on each road. The relationship of the media campaign with regards to a vehicle <span class="hlt">giving</span> space to an ambulance was calculated by means of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariate logistic regression. Overall, 245 <span class="hlt">observations</span> were included in the analysis. Traffic congestion and negligence/resistance, by vehicles operators who were in front of the ambulance, were the two main reasons why ambulances were not given way. Other reasons include: sudden stops by minibuses and in the process causing obstruction, ambulances not rushing through to alert vehicle operators to <span class="hlt">give</span> way and traffic interruption by VIP movement. After adjustment for site, time of day, type of ambulance and number of cars in front of the ambulance, vehicles during (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.71, p=0.007) and after the campaign (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.02-2.95, p=0.042) were significantly more likely <span class="hlt">give</span> space to ambulances. Mass media campaigns can play a significant role in changing the negligent behavior of people, especially when the campaign conveys a humanitarian message such as: <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances can save lives.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5368314','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5368314"><span>Effectiveness of media awareness campaigns on the proportion of vehicles that <span class="hlt">give</span> space to ambulances on roads: An <span class="hlt">observational</span> study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Shaikh, Shiraz; Baig, Lubna A; Polkowski, Maciej</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Background and Objective: The findings of the Health Care in Danger project in Karachi suggests that there is presence of behavioral negligence among vehicle operators on roads in regards to <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances. A mass media campaign was conducted to raise people’s awareness on the importance of <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances. The main objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the campaign on increasing the proportion of vehicles that <span class="hlt">give</span> way to ambulances. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study that was based on before and after design. Three <span class="hlt">observation</span> surveys were carried out in different areas of the city in Karachi, Pakistan before, during and after the campaign by trained <span class="hlt">observers</span> who recorded their findings on a checklist. Each <span class="hlt">observation</span> was carried out at three different times of the day for at least two days on each road. The relationship of the media campaign with regards to a vehicle <span class="hlt">giving</span> space to an ambulance was calculated by means of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals using multivariate logistic regression. Results: Overall, 245 <span class="hlt">observations</span> were included in the analysis. Traffic congestion and negligence/resistance, by vehicles operators who were in front of the ambulance, were the two main reasons why ambulances were not given way. Other reasons include: sudden stops by minibuses and in the process causing obstruction, ambulances not rushing through to alert vehicle operators to <span class="hlt">give</span> way and traffic interruption by VIP movement. After adjustment for site, time of day, type of ambulance and number of cars in front of the ambulance, vehicles during (OR=2.13, 95% CI=1.22-3.71, p=0.007) and after the campaign (OR=1.73, 95% CI=1.02-2.95, p=0.042) were significantly more likely <span class="hlt">give</span> space to ambulances. Conclusion: Mass media campaigns can play a significant role in changing the negligent behavior of people, especially when the campaign conveys a humanitarian message such as: <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to ambulances can save lives</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li class="active"><span>2</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_2 --> <div id="page_3" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="41"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA12A..06Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSA12A..06Y"><span>Vertical <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Velocity of Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Estimated from Equatorial Atmosphere Radar <span class="hlt">Observations</span> and High-Resolution Bubble Model Simulations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yokoyama, T.; Ajith, K. K.; Yamamoto, M.; Niranjan, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) is a well-known phenomenon in the equatorial ionospheric F region. As it causes severe scintillation in the amplitude and phase of radio signals, it is important to understand and forecast the occurrence of EPBs from a space weather point of view. The development of EPBs is presently believed as an evolution of the generalized Rayleigh-Taylor instability. We have already developed a 3D high-resolution bubble (HIRB) model with a grid spacing of as small as 1 km and presented nonlinear growth of EPBs which shows very turbulent internal structures such as bifurcation and pinching. As EPBs have field-aligned structures, the latitude range that is affected by EPBs depends on the apex altitude of EPBs over the dip equator. However, it was not easy to <span class="hlt">observe</span> the apex altitude and vertical <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocity of EPBs. Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in Indonesia is capable of steering radar beams quickly so that the growth phase of EPBs can be captured clearly. The vertical <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocities of the EPBs <span class="hlt">observed</span> around the midnight hours are significantly smaller compared to those <span class="hlt">observed</span> in postsunset hours. Further, the vertical growth of the EPBs around midnight hours ceases at relatively lower altitudes, whereas the majority of EPBs at postsunset hours found to have grown beyond the maximum detectable altitude of the EAR. The HIRB model with varying background conditions are employed to investigate the possible factors that control the vertical <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocity and maximum attainable altitudes of EPBs. The estimated <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocities from EAR <span class="hlt">observations</span> at both postsunset and midnight hours are, in general, consistent with the nonlinear evolution of EPBs from the HIRB model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E%26PSL.244....1G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006E%26PSL.244....1G"><span>1300-m-high <span class="hlt">rising</span> bubbles from mud volcanoes at 2080 m in the Black Sea: Hydroacoustic characteristics and temporal variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Greinert, Jens; Artemov, Yuriy; Egorov, Viktor; De Batist, Marc; McGinnis, Daniel</p> <p>2006-04-01</p> <p>A mud volcano area in the deep waters (> 2000 m) of the Black Sea was studied by hydroacoustic measurements during several cruises between January 2002 and June 2004. Gas bubbles in the water column <span class="hlt">give</span> strong backscatter signals and thus can be detected even in great water depths by echosounders as the 38 kHz EK500 scientific split-beam system that was used during the surveys. Because of their shape in echograms and to differentiate against geochemical plumes and real upwelling bubble-water plumes, we call these hydroacoustic manifestations of bubbles in the water column 'flares'. Digital recording and processing of the data allows a 3D visualization and data comparison over the entire <span class="hlt">observation</span> period, without artefacts caused by changing system settings. During our surveys, we discovered bubble release from three separate mud volcanoes, Dvurechenskiy (DMV), Vodianitskiy (VMV) and the Nameless Seep Site (NSS), in about 2080 m water depth simultaneously. Bubble release was <span class="hlt">observed</span> between 9 June 2003 and 5 June 2004. The most frequently surveyed, DMV, was found to be inactive during very intensive studies in January 2002. The first activity was <span class="hlt">observed</span> on 27 June 2002, which finally ceased between 5 and 15 June 2004 after a period of continuously decreasing activity. This <span class="hlt">observed</span> 2-yr bubble-release period at a mud volcano may <span class="hlt">give</span> an indication for the duration of active periods. The absence of short-term variations (within days or hours) may indicate that the bubble release from the <span class="hlt">observed</span> mud volcanoes does not undergo rapid changes. The recorded echograms show that bubbles <span class="hlt">rise</span> about 1300 m high through the water column, to a final water depth of about 770 m, which is ˜75 m below the phase boundary of pure methane hydrate in the Black Sea. With a release depth from 2068 m and a detected <span class="hlt">rise</span> height of 1300 m, the flare at VMV is among the deepest and highest reported so far, and <span class="hlt">gives</span> evidence of highly extended bubble life times (up to 108 min) in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.2365I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.2365I"><span>Improved GIA Correction and Antarctic Contribution to Sea-level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> <span class="hlt">Observed</span> by GRACE</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ivins, Erik; James, Thomas; Wahr, John; Schrama, Ernst; Landerer, Felix; Simon, Karen</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Measurement of continent-wide glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is needed to interpret satellite-based trends for the grounded ice mass change of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS). This is especially true for trends determined from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite mission. Three data sets have matured to the point where they can be used to shrink the range of possible GIA models for Antarctica: the glacial geological record has expanded to include exposure ages using 10Be,26Al measurements that constrain past thickness of the ice sheet, modelled ice core records now better constrain the temporal variation in past rates of snow accumulation, and Global Positioning System (GPS) vertical rate trends from across the continent are now available. The volume changes associated with Antarctic ice loading and unloading during the past 21 thousand years (21 ka) are smaller than previously thought, generating model present-day uplift rates that are consistent with GPS <span class="hlt">observations</span>. We construct an ice sheet history that is designed to predict maximum volume changes, and in particular, maximum Holocene change. This ice sheet model drives a forward model prediction of GIA gravity signal, that in turn, should <span class="hlt">give</span> maximum GIA response predictions. The apparent surface mass change component of GIA is re-evaluated to be +55 ± 13 Gt/yr by considering a revised ice history model and a parameter search for vertical motion predictions that best-fit the GPS <span class="hlt">observations</span> at 18 high-quality stations. Although the GIA model spans a wide range of possible earth rheological structure values, the data are not yet sufficient for solving for a preferred value of upper and lower mantle viscosity, nor for a preferred lithospheric thickness. GRACE monthly solutions from CSR-RL04 release time series from Jan. 2003 through the beginning of Jan. 2012, uncorrected for GIA, yield an ice mass rate of +2.9 ± 34 Gt/yr. A new rough upper bound to the GIA correction is about 60</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=inflation+AND+rate&pg=3&id=EJ759536','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=inflation+AND+rate&pg=3&id=EJ759536"><span>States' Budgets Reflect <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Tax Collections</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hoff, David J.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Many state budgets are reaping the benefits of tax revenues that are <span class="hlt">rising</span> faster than at any time since the economic slowdown ended. Overall tax collections by states rose by 11.7 percent in the first quarter of 2005, <span class="hlt">giving</span> the legislatures extra cash to shore up school aid, increase teacher pay, and finance new initiatives such as full-day…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087719&hterms=hair+growth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dhair%2Bgrowth','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20040087719&hterms=hair+growth&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3Dhair%2Bgrowth"><span>Expression of Prox1 defines regions of the avian otocyst that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to sensory or neural cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stone, Jennifer S.; Shang, Jia-Lin; Tomarev, Stanislav</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The simple primordium of the inner ear (otocyst) differentiates into many cell types, including sensory neurons and hair cells. We examined expression of the divergent homeobox transcription factor, cProx1, during otocyst development in chickens. Nuclear cProx1 protein is not evident in the otic placode but emerges in the otic cup by stage 12. At stage 16, cProx1-positive nuclei are scattered continuously throughout the neuroepithelium, from anteroventral to posteromedial. These labeled cells are neural precursors; they express betaIII-tubulin and migrate to the cochleovestibular ganglion between stages 13 and 21. By stage 18, two areas develop a dense pattern of cProx1 expression in which every nucleus is labeled. These areas emerge at the anterior and posterior extremes of the band of scattered cProx1 expression and express the sensory markers cSerrate1 and Cath1 by stage 23. Four discrete patches of dense cProx1 expression appear by stage 23 that correspond to the future superior crista, lateral crista, saccular macula, and posterior crista, as confirmed by immunolabeling for hair cell antigen (HCA) by stage 29. The remaining sensory epithelia display a dense pattern of cProx1 expression and label for HCA by stage 29. In the basilar papilla, nuclear cProx1 expression is down-regulated in most hair cells by stage 37 and in many supporting cells by stage 40. Our findings show that regions of the otocyst that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to neurons or hair cells are distinguished by their relative density of cProx1-positive nuclei, and suggest a role for cProx1 in the genesis of these cell types.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA567328','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA567328"><span>Community Engagement for Collective Resilience: The <span class="hlt">Rising</span> System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-09-01</p> <p>the community. 3. Los Angeles Police Department The Los Angeles Police Department’s ( LAPD ) Counterterrorism...<span class="hlt">gives</span> these residents a voice in the decision-making process for their neighborhood. 3. Los Angeles Police Department LAPD engagement regarding...Strategy ........................52 2. Philadelphia— The Philly<span class="hlt">Rising</span> Collaborative ...............................53 3. Los</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3461529','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3461529"><span>A Set of Regioselective O-Methyltransferases <span class="hlt">Gives</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to the Complex Pattern of Methoxylated Flavones in Sweet Basil1[C][W][OA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Berim, Anna; Hyatt, David C.; Gang, David R.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Polymethoxylated flavonoids occur in a number of plant families, including the Lamiaceae. To date, the metabolic pathways <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the diversity of these compounds have not been studied. Analysis of our expressed sequence tag database for four sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) lines afforded identification of candidate flavonoid O-methyltransferase genes. Recombinant proteins displayed distinct substrate preferences and product specificities that can account for all detected 7-/6-/4′-methylated, 8-unsubstituted flavones. Their biochemical specialization revealed only certain metabolic routes to be highly favorable and therefore likely in vivo. Flavonoid O-methyltransferases catalyzing 4′- and 6-O-methylations shared high identity (approximately 90%), indicating that subtle sequence changes led to functional differentiation. Structure homology modeling suggested the involvement of several amino acid residues in defining the proteins’ stringent regioselectivities. The roles of these individual residues were confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis, revealing two discrete mechanisms as a basis for the switch between 6- and 4′-O-methylation of two different substrates. These findings delineate major pathways in a large segment of the flavone metabolic network and provide a foundation for its further elucidation. PMID:22923679</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3708508','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3708508"><span>Amniotic fluid derived stem cells <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to neuron-like cells without a further differentiation potential into retina-like cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hartmann, K; Raabe, O; Wenisch, S; Arnhold, S</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Amniotic fluid contains heterogeneous cell types and has become an interesting source for obtaining fetal stem cells. These stem cells have a high proliferative capacity and a good differentiation potential and may thus be suitable for regenerative medicine. As there is increasing evidence, that these stem cells are also able to be directed into the neural lineage, in our study we investigated the neuronal and glial differentiation potential of these cells, so that they may also be applied to cure degenerative diseases of the retina. Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from routine prenatal amniocentesis at 15 to 18 weeks of pregnancy of human amniotic fluid and expanded in the cell culture. Cells were cultivated according to standard procedures for mesenchymal stem cells and were differentiated along the neural lineage using various protocols. Furthermore, it was also tried to direct them into cell types of the retina as well as into endothelial cells. Cells of more than 72 amniotic fluid samples were collected and characterized. While after induction neural-like phenotypes could actually be detected, which was confirmed using neural marker proteins such as GFAP and ßIII tubulina further differentiation into retinal like cells could not reliably be shown. These data suggest that amniotic fluid derived cells are an interesting cell source, which may also <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to neural-like cells. However, a more specific differentiation into neuronal and glial cells could not unequivocally be shown, so that further investigations have to becarried out. PMID:23862099</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Nanos...510908Q','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013Nanos...510908Q"><span>Aqueous self-assembly of poly(ethylene oxide)-block-poly(ε-caprolactone) (PEO-b-PCL) copolymers: disparate diblock copolymer compositions <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to nano- and meso-scale bilayered vesicles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Qi, Wei; Ghoroghchian, P. Peter; Li, Guizhi; Hammer, Daniel A.; Therien, Michael J.</p> <p>2013-10-01</p> <p>Nanoparticles formed from diblock copolymers of FDA approved PEO and PCL have generated considerable interest as in vivo drug delivery vehicles. Herein, we report the synthesis of the most extensive family PEO-b-PCL copolymers that vary over the largest range of number-average molecular weights (Mn: 3.6-57k), PEO weight fractions (fPEO: 0.08-0.33), and PEO chain lengths (0.75-5.8k) reported to date. These polymers were synthesized in order to establish the full range of aqueous phase behaviours of these diblock copolymers and to specifically identify formulations that were able to generate bilayered vesicles (polymersomes). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) was utilized in order to visualize the morphology of these structures upon aqueous self-assembly of dry polymer films. Nanoscale polymersomes were formed from PEO-b-PCL copolymers over a wide range of PEO weight fractions (fPEO: 0.14-0.27) and PEO molecular weights (0.75-3.8k) after extrusion of aqueous suspensions. Comparative morphology diagrams, which describe the nature of self-assembled structures as a function of diblock copolymer molecular weight and PEO weight fraction, show that in contrast to micron-scale polymersomes, which form only from a limited range of PEO-b-PCL diblock copolymer compositions, a multiplicity of PEO-b-PCL diblock copolymer compositions are able to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to nanoscale vesicles. These data underscore that PEO-b-PCL compositions that spontaneously form micron-sized polymersomes, as well as those that have previously been reported to form polymersomes via a cosolvent fabrication system, provide only limited insights into the distribution of PEO-b-PCL diblocks that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to nanoscale vesicles. The broad range of polymersome-forming PEO-b-PCL compositions described herein suggest the ability to construct extensive families of nanoscale vesicles of varied bilayer thickness, providing the ability to tune the timescales of vesicle degradation and encapsulant</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5347855','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5347855"><span>Multipotent Caudal Neural Progenitors Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells That <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Lineages of the Central and Peripheral Nervous System</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Hasegawa, Kouichi; Menheniott, Trevelyan; Rollo, Ben; Zhang, Dongcheng; Hough, Shelley; Alshawaf, Abdullah; Febbraro, Fabia; Ighaniyan, Samiramis; Leung, Jessie; Elliott, David A.; Newgreen, Donald F.; Pera, Martin F.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The caudal neural plate is a distinct region of the embryo that <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to major progenitor lineages of the developing central and peripheral nervous system, including neural crest and floor plate cells. We show that dual inhibition of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β and activin/nodal pathways by small molecules differentiate human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) directly into a preneuroepithelial progenitor population we named “caudal neural progenitors” (CNPs). CNPs coexpress caudal neural plate and mesoderm markers, and, share high similarities to embryonic caudal neural plate cells in their lineage differentiation potential. Exposure of CNPs to BMP2/4, sonic hedgehog, or FGF2 signaling efficiently directs their fate to neural crest/roof plate cells, floor plate cells, and caudally specified neuroepithelial cells, respectively. Neural crest derived from CNPs differentiated to neural crest derivatives and demonstrated extensive migratory properties in vivo. Importantly, we also determined the key extrinsic factors specifying CNPs from human embryonic stem cell include FGF8, canonical WNT, and IGF1. Our studies are the first to identify a multipotent neural progenitor derived from hPSCs, that is the precursor for major neural lineages of the embryonic caudal neural tube. Stem Cells 2015;33:1759–1770 PMID:25753817</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950008467','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19950008467"><span>An evaluation of <span class="hlt">rise</span> time characterization and prediction methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Robinson, Leick D.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>One common method of extrapolating sonic boom waveforms from aircraft to ground is to calculate the nonlinear distortion, and then add a <span class="hlt">rise</span> time to each shock by a simple empirical rule. One common rule is the '3 over P' rule which calculates the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time in milliseconds as three divided by the shock amplitude in psf. This rule was compared with the results of ZEPHYRUS, a comprehensive algorithm which calculates sonic boom propagation and extrapolation with the combined effects of nonlinearity, attenuation, dispersion, geometric spreading, and refraction in a stratified atmosphere. It is shown there that the simple empirical rule considerably overestimates the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time estimate. In addition, the empirical rule does not account for variations in the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time due to humidity variation or propagation history. It is also demonstrated that the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time is only an approximate indicator of perceived loudness. Three waveforms with identical characteristics (shock placement, amplitude, and <span class="hlt">rise</span> time), but with different shock shapes, are shown to <span class="hlt">give</span> different calculated loudness. This paper is based in part on work performed at the Applied Research Laboratories, the University of Texas at Austin, and supported by NASA Langley.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21141661','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21141661"><span>Contemporary sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cazenave, Anny; Llovel, William</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Measuring sea level change and understanding its causes has considerably improved in the recent years, essentially because new in situ and remote sensing <span class="hlt">observations</span> have become available. Here we report on most recent results on contemporary sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. We first present sea level <span class="hlt">observations</span> from tide gauges over the twentieth century and from satellite altimetry since the early 1990s. We next discuss the most recent progress made in quantifying the processes causing sea level change on timescales ranging from years to decades, i.e., thermal expansion of the oceans, land ice mass loss, and land water-storage change. We show that for the 1993-2007 time span, the sum of climate-related contributions (2.85 +/- 0.35 mm year(-1)) is only slightly less than altimetry-based sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (3.3 +/- 0.4 mm year(-1)): approximately 30% of the <span class="hlt">observed</span> rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> is due to ocean thermal expansion and approximately 55% results from land ice melt. Recent acceleration in glacier melting and ice mass loss from the ice sheets increases the latter contribution up to 80% for the past five years. We also review the main causes of regional variability in sea level trends: The dominant contribution results from nonuniform changes in ocean thermal expansion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70157295','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70157295"><span>The influence of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on fringing reef sediment dynamics: field <span class="hlt">observations</span> and numerical modeling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Storlazzi, Curt D.; Field, Michael E.; Elias, Edwin; Presto, M. Katherine</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>While most climate projections suggest that sea level may <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the order of 0.5-1.0 m by 2100, it is not clear how fluid flow and sediment transport on fringing reefs might change in response to this rapid sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Field <span class="hlt">observations</span> and numerical modeling suggest that an increase in water depth on the order of 0.5-1.0 m on a fringing reef flat would result in larger significant wave heights and wave-driven shear stresses, which, in turn, would result in an increase in both the size and quantity of sediment that can be resuspended from the seabed or eroded from coastal plain deposits. Greater wave- and wind-driven currents would develop on the reef flat with increasing water depth, increasing the offshore flux of water and sediment from the inner reef flat to the outer reef flat and fore reef where coral growth is typically greatest.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981PhDT........40T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1981PhDT........40T"><span>Broad Absorption Lines in Qsos: <span class="hlt">Observations</span> and Implications for Models.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Turnshek, David Alvin</p> <p></p> <p>Spectroscopic <span class="hlt">observations</span> of fourteen broad absorption line (BAL) QSOs are presented and analyzed. Other <span class="hlt">observations</span> are summarized. The following major conclusions are reached. Broad absorption lines (BALs) are probably present in 3 to 10 percent of the spectra of moderate to high redshift QSOs. The BALs exhibit a variety of velocity structures, from seemingly smooth, continuous absorption to complexes of individual absorption lines. Outflow velocities up to 40,000 km s(' -1) are <span class="hlt">observed</span>. The level of ionization is high. The minimum total absorption column densities are 10('20) to 10('22) cm('-2). The emission line properties of BAL QSOs appear to be different from those of non-BAL QSOs. For example, N V emission is generally stronger in BAL QSOs and the emission near C III} (lamda)1909 is generally broader in BAL QSOs. The distribution of multiplicities for isolated absorption troughs suggests that the large -scale spatial distribution of BAL clouds is non-random, possibly described by a disk geometry. The BAL clouds are incapable of accounting for all of the <span class="hlt">observed</span> broad emission lines, particularly C III} (lamda)1909 and Mg II (lamda)2798. Therefore, if the BAL clouds <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to <span class="hlt">observable</span> emission, the generally adopted (optically thick, single component) model for the emission line region must be incorrect. Also, photoionization models, which utilize solar abundances and take the ionizing continuum to be a simple power law, are incapable of explaining the level of ionization in the BAL clouds. By considering the <span class="hlt">observed</span> percentage of QSOs with BALs and resonance line scattering models, it is found that the absorption covering factor in BAL QSOs is between 3 and 20 percent. This suggests that possibly all, but not less than 15 percent, of the QSOs have BAL clouds associated with them. The amount of <span class="hlt">observable</span> emission and polarization expected to be produced by the BAL clouds from resonance line scattering and collisional excitation is considered in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034450','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70034450"><span>Spectral heterogeneity on Phobos and Deimos: Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span> and comparisons to Mars Pathfinder results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Thomas, N.; Stelter, R.; Ivanov, A.; Bridges, N.T.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; McEwen, A.S.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been used to <span class="hlt">observe</span> Phobos and Deimos at spatial scales of around 6 and 20 m/px, respectively. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> (McEwen et al.; JGR, 112, CiteID E05S02, DOI: 10.1029/2005JE002605, 2007) has provided, for the first time, high-resolution colour images of the surfaces of the Martian moons. When processed, by the production of colour ratio images for example, the data show considerable small-scale heterogeneity, which might be attributable to fresh impacts exposing different materials otherwise largely hidden by a homogenous regolith. The bluer material that is draped over the south-eastern rim of the largest crater on Phobos, Stickney, has been perforated by an impact to reveal redder material and must therefore be relatively thin. A fresh impact with dark crater rays has been identified. Previously identified mass-wasting features in Stickney and Limtoc craters stand out strongly in colour. The interior deposits in Stickney appear more inhomogeneous than previously suspected. Several other local colour variations are also evident. Deimos is more uniform in colour but does show some small-scale inhomogeneity. The bright streamers (Thomas et al.; Icarus, 123, 536556,1996) are relatively blue. One crater to the south-west of Voltaire and its surroundings appear quite strongly reddened with respect to the rest of the surface. The reddening of the surroundings may be the result of ejecta from this impact. The spectral gradients at optical wavelengths <span class="hlt">observed</span> for both Phobos and Deimos are quantitatively in good agreement with those found by unresolved photometric <span class="hlt">observations</span> made by the Imager for Mars Pathfinder (IMP; Thomas et al.; JGR, 104, 90559068, 1999). The spectral gradients of the blue and red units on Phobos bracket the results from IMP. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056785','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22056785"><span>Competence of failed endocrine progenitors to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to acinar but not ductal cells is restricted to early pancreas development.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beucher, Anthony; Martín, Mercè; Spenle, Caroline; Poulet, Martine; Collin, Caitlin; Gradwohl, Gérard</p> <p>2012-01-15</p> <p>During mouse pancreas development, the transient expression of Neurogenin3 (Neurog3) in uncommitted pancreas progenitors is required to determine endocrine destiny. However it has been reported that Neurog3-expressing cells can eventually adopt acinar or ductal fates and that Neurog3 levels were important to secure the islet destiny. It is not known whether the competence of Neurog3-induced cells to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to non-endocrine lineages is an intrinsic property of these progenitors or depends on pancreas developmental stage. Using temporal genetic labeling approaches we examined the dynamic of endocrine progenitor differentiation and explored the plasticity of Neurog3-induced cells throughout development. We found that Neurog3(+) progenitors develop into hormone-expressing cells in a fast process taking less then 10h. Furthermore, fate-mapping studies in heterozygote (Neurog3(CreERT/+)) and Neurog3-deficient (Neurog3(CreERT/CreERT)) embryos revealed that Neurog3-induced cells have different potential over time. At the early bud stage, failed endocrine progenitors can adopt acinar or ductal fate, whereas later in the branching pancreas they do not contribute to the acinar lineage but Neurog3-deficient cells eventually differentiate into duct cells. Thus these results provide evidence that the plasticity of Neurog3-induced cells becomes restricted during development. Furthermore these data suggest that during the secondary transition, endocrine progenitor cells arise from bipotent precursors already committed to the duct/endocrine lineages and not from domain of cells having distinct potentialities. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3251922','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3251922"><span>Competence of failed endocrine progenitors to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to acinar but not ductal cells is restricted to early pancreas development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Beucher, Anthony; Martín, Mercè; Spenle, Caroline; Poulet, Martine; Collin, Caitlin; Gradwohl, Gérard</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>SUMMARY During mouse pancreas development, the transient expression of Neurogenin3 (Neurog3) in uncommitted pancreas progenitors is required to determine endocrine destiny. However it has been reported that Neurog3-expressing cells can eventually adopt acinar or ductal fates and that Neurog3 levels were important to secure the islet destiny. It is not known whether the competence of Neurog3-induced cells to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to non-endocrine lineages is an intrinsic property of these progenitors or depends on pancreas developmental stage. Using temporal genetic labeling approaches we examined the dynamic of endocrine progenitor differentiation and explored the plasticity of Neurog3-induced cells throughout development. We found that Neurog3+ progenitors develop into hormone-expressing cells in a fast process taking less then 10h. Furthermore, fate-mapping studies in heterozygote (Neurog3CreERT/+) and Neurog3-deficient (Neurog3CreERT/CreERT) embryos revealed that Neurog3-induced cells have different potential over time. At the early bud stage, failed endocrine progenitors can adopt acinar or ductal fate, whereas later in the branching pancreas they do not contribute to the acinar lineage but Neurog3-deficient cells eventually differentiate into duct cells. Thus these results provide evidence that the plasticity of Neurog3-induced cells becomes restricted during development. Furthermore these data suggest that during the secondary transition endocrine progenitor cells arise from single bipotent progenitor already committed to the duct/endocrine lineages and not from domain of cells having both potentialities. PMID:22056785</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15904205','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15904205"><span><span class="hlt">Observing</span> quantum vacuum lensing in a neutron star binary system.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dupays, Arnaud; Robilliard, Cécile; Rizzo, Carlo; Bignami, Giovanni F</p> <p>2005-04-29</p> <p>In this Letter we study the propagation of light in the neighborhood of magnetized neutron stars. Because of the optical properties of quantum vacuum in the presence of a magnetic field, the light emitted by background astronomical objects is deviated, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a phenomenon of the same kind as the gravitational one. We <span class="hlt">give</span> a quantitative estimation of this effect, and we discuss the possibility of its <span class="hlt">observation</span>. We show that this effect could be detected by monitoring the evolution of the recently discovered double neutron star system J0737-3039.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9652E..0KG','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015SPIE.9652E..0KG"><span>Versatile illumination platform and fast optical switch to <span class="hlt">give</span> standard <span class="hlt">observation</span> camera gated active imaging capacity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Grasser, R.; Peyronneaudi, Benjamin; Yon, Kevin; Aubry, Marie</p> <p>2015-10-01</p> <p>CILAS, subsidiary of Airbus Defense and Space, develops, manufactures and sales laser-based optronics equipment for defense and homeland security applications. Part of its activity is related to active systems for threat detection, recognition and identification. Active surveillance and active imaging systems are often required to achieve identification capacity in case for long range <span class="hlt">observation</span> in adverse conditions. In order to ease the deployment of active imaging systems often complex and expensive, CILAS suggests a new concept. It consists on the association of two apparatus working together. On one side, a patented versatile laser platform enables high peak power laser illumination for long range <span class="hlt">observation</span>. On the other side, a small camera add-on works as a fast optical switch to select photons with specific time of flight only. The association of the versatile illumination platform and the fast optical switch presents itself as an independent body, so called "flash module", <span class="hlt">giving</span> to virtually any passive <span class="hlt">observation</span> systems gated active imaging capacity in NIR and SWIR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641954','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26641954"><span>Fast Electrically Driven Capillary <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Using Overdrive Voltage.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hong, Sung Jin; Hong, Jiwoo; Seo, Hee Won; Lee, Sang Joon; Chung, Sang Kug</p> <p>2015-12-29</p> <p>Enhancement of response speed (or reduction of response time) is crucial for the commercialization of devices based on electrowetting (EW), such as liquid lenses and reflective displays, and presents one of the main challenges in EW research studies. We demonstrate here that an overdrive EW actuation <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a faster <span class="hlt">rise</span> of a liquid column between parallel electrodes, compared to a DC EW actuation. Here, DC actuation is actually a simple applied step function, and overdrive is an applied step followed by reduction to a lower voltage. Transient behaviors and response time (i.e., the time required to reach the equilibrium height) of the <span class="hlt">rising</span> liquid column are explored under different DC and overdrive EW actuations. When the liquid column <span class="hlt">rises</span> up to a target height by means of an overdrive EW, the response time is reduced to as low as 1/6 of the response time using DC EW. We develop a theoretical model to simulate the EW-driven capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> by combining the kinetic equation of capillary flow (i.e., Lucas-Washburn equation) and the dynamic contact angle model considering contact line friction, contact angle hysteresis, contact angle saturation, and the EW effect. This theoretical model accurately predicts the outcome to within a ± 5% error in regard to the <span class="hlt">rising</span> behaviors of the liquid column with a low viscosity, under both DC EW and overdrive actuation conditions, except for the early stage (<about 20 ms).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>1</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li class="active"><span>3</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_3 --> <div id="page_4" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="61"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900015536','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19900015536"><span>Summary of Sonic Boom <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Times <span class="hlt">Observed</span> During FAA Community Response Studies over a 6-Month Period in the Oklahoma City Area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Maglieri, Domenic J.; Sothcott, Victor E.</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>The sonic boom signature data acquired from about 1225 supersonic flights, over a 6-month period in 1964 in the Oklahoma City area, was enhanced with the addition of data relating to <span class="hlt">rise</span> times and total signature duration. These later parameters, not available at the time of publication of the original report on the Oklahoma City sonic boom exposures, are listed in tabular form along with overpressure, positive impulse, positive duration, and waveform category. Airplane operating information along with the surface weather <span class="hlt">observations</span> are also included. Sonic boom <span class="hlt">rise</span> times include readings to the 1/2, 3/4, and maximum overpressure values. <span class="hlt">Rise</span> time relative probabilities for various lateral locations from the ground track of 0, 5, and 10 miles are presented along with the variation of <span class="hlt">rise</span> times with flight altitude. The tabulated signature data, along with corresponding airplane operating conditions and surface and upper level atmospheric information, are also available on electronic files to provide it in the format for more efficient and effective utilization.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23221102K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AAS...23221102K"><span>Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment (Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kasper, Justin C.; SunRISE Team</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>The Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment (Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) is a NASA Heliophysics Explorer Mission of Opportunity currently in Phase A. Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span> is a constellation of spacecraft flying in a 10-km diameter formation and operating as the first imaging radio interferometer in space. The purpose of Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span> is to reveal critical aspects of solar energetic particle (SEP) acceleration at coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and transport into space by making the first spatially resolved <span class="hlt">observations</span> of coherent Type II and III radio bursts produced by electrons accelerated at CMEs or released from flares. Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span> will focus on solar Decametric-Hectometric (DH, 0.1 < f < 15 MHz) radio bursts that always are detected from space before major SEP events, but cannot be seen on Earth due to ionospheric absorption. This talk will describe Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span> objectives and implementation. Presented on behalf of the entire Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span> team.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ems..confE.168P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010ems..confE.168P"><span>The <span class="hlt">rising</span> greenhouse effect: experiments and <span class="hlt">observations</span> in and around the Alps</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Philipona, R.</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>The rapid temperature increase of more than 1°C in central Europe over the last three decades is larger than expected from anthropogenic greenhouse warming. Surface radiation flux measurements in and around the Alps in fact confirm that not only thermal longwave radiation but also solar shortwave radiation increased since the 1980s. Surface energy budget analyses reveal the <span class="hlt">rising</span> surface temperature to be well correlated with the radiative forcing, and also show an increase of the kinetic energy fluxes explaining the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of atmospheric water vapor. Solar radiation mainly increased due to a strong decline of anthropogenic aerosols since mid of the 1980s. While anthropogenic aerosols were mainly accumulated in the boundary layer, this reduction let solar radiation to recover (solar brightening after several decades of solar dimming) mainly at low altitudes around the Alps. At high elevations in the Alps, solar forcing is much smaller and the respective temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> is also found to be smaller than in the lowlands. The fact that temperature increases less in the Alps than at low elevations is unexpected in the concept of greenhouse warming, but the radiation budget analyses clearly shows that in the plains solar forcing due to declining aerosols additionally increased surface temperature, whereas in the Alps temperature increased primarily due to greenhouse warming that is particularly manifested by a strong water vapor feedback.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2224C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.2224C"><span>Basement structures over Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> from gravity inversion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Constantino, Renata; Hackspacker, Peter Christian; Anderson de Souza, Iata; Sousa Lima Costa, Iago</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>In this study, we show that from satellite-derived gravity field, bathymetry and sediment thicknesses, it is possible to <span class="hlt">give</span> a 3-D model of the basement over oceanic areas, and for this purpose, we have chosen the Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, in South Atlantic Ocean, to build a gravity-equivalent basement topography. The advantages of the method applied in this study are manifold: does not depend directly on reflection seismic data; can be applied quickly and with fewer costs for acquiring and interpreting the data; and as the main result, presents the physical surface below the sedimentary layer, which may be different from the acoustic basement. We evaluated the gravity effect of the sediments using the global sediment thickness model of NOAA, fitting a sediment compaction model to <span class="hlt">observed</span> density values from Deep Sea Drilling Program (DSDP) reports. The Global Relief Model ETOPO1 and constraining data from seismic interpretation on crustal thickness are integrated in the gravity inversion procedure. The modeled Moho depth values vary between 6 to 27 km over the area, being thicker under the Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and also in the direction of São Paulo Plateau. The inversion for the gravity-equivalent basement topography is applied for a gravity residual data, which is free from the gravity effect of sediments and from the gravity effect of the estimated Moho interface. A description of the basement depth over Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> area is unprecedented in the literature, however, our results could be compared to in situ data, provided by DSDP, and a small difference of only 9 m between our basement depth and leg 516 F was found. Our model shows a rift crossing the entire Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> deeper than previously presented in literature, with depths up to 5 km in the East Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (ERGR) and deeper in the West Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (WRGR), reaching 6.4 km. We find several short-wavelengths structures not present in the bathymetry data. Seamounts, guyots and fracture zones are much more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHI54B1859P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSHI54B1859P"><span>In Situ Raman Spectroscopic <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Gas-Saturated <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Oil droplets: Simulation with Decane as an Oil-Equivalent Substitute</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Peltzer, E. T.; Walz, P. M.; Brewer, P. G.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Oil droplets <span class="hlt">rising</span> from the sea floor, whether from seeps or well leakage, contain very large quantities of dissolved gas that profoundly affects their density and critical oil-water interfacial characteristics. The primary dissolved gas is methane which may be up to 30% of the molar volume. This can create a hydrate skin as the methane gas is shed from the oil as it <span class="hlt">rises</span> through the water column, thus decreasing in pressure and increasing in temperature, and steadily changing the <span class="hlt">rising</span> droplet buoyancy. We have explored this phenomenon by executing controlled ROV based experiments with a "bubble cup" technique in which a small volume of gas saturated decane (saturated with pure methane, a mix of methane and nitrogen , or a mix of methane and CO2) is interrogated by laser Raman spectroscopy. The use of decane as an oil "substitute" is required since natural oil samples are highly fluorescent due to the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. We have devised Matlab techniques for extracting the spectroscopic dissolved methane signal from the thicket of decane peaks that surround it. We have directly <span class="hlt">observed</span> the rate at which gases are lost from the "oil" per unit area at depths in the water column that are both within and outside the hydrate forming phase boundary. We have compared the behavior of both a non-hydrate forming dissolved gas (nitrogen) with CO2 where the hydrate phase boundary is at significantly shallower depth. The results indicate complex interfacial behavior and physical chemistry. We did not <span class="hlt">observe</span> direct gas bubble formation on the decane outer surface but did <span class="hlt">observe</span> gas bubble formation within the oil droplets as they rose through the water column. Because there are significant energy barriers for homogeneous bubble formation within the decane phase, we took this as evidence of significant gas super-saturation within the oil droplet. The gas loss rates increased significantly in all cases when the hydrate phase boundary was crossed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917489E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1917489E"><span>Reconciling projections of the Antarctic contribution to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Edwards, Tamsin; Holden, Philip; Edwards, Neil; Wernecke, Andreas</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Two recent studies of the Antarctic contribution to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> this century had best estimates that differed by an order of magnitude (around 10 cm and 1 m by 2100). The first, Ritz et al. (2015), used a model calibrated with satellite data, <span class="hlt">giving</span> a 5% probability of exceeding 30cm by 2100 for sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> due to Antarctic instability. The second, DeConto and Pollard (2016), used a model evaluated with reconstructions of palaeo-sea level. They did not estimate probabilities, but using a simple assumption here about the distribution shape <span class="hlt">gives</span> up to a 5% chance of Antarctic contribution exceeding 2.3 m this century with total sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> approaching 3 m. If robust, this would have very substantial implications for global adaptation to climate change. How are we to make sense of this apparent inconsistency? How much is down to the data - does the past tell us we will face widespread and rapid Antarctic ice losses in the future? How much is due to the mechanism of rapid ice loss ('cliff failure') proposed in the latter paper, or other parameterisation choices in these low resolution models (GRISLI and PISM, respectively)? How much is due to choices made in the ensemble design and calibration? How do these projections compare with high resolution, grounding line resolving models such as BISICLES? Could we reduce the huge uncertainties in the palaeo-study? Emulation provides a powerful tool for understanding these questions and reconciling the projections. By describing the three numerical ice sheet models with statistical models, we can re-analyse the ensembles and re-do the calibrations under a common statistical framework. This reduces uncertainty in the PISM study because it allows massive sampling of the parameter space, which reduces the sensitivity to reconstructed palaeo-sea level values and also narrows the probability intervals because the simple assumption about distribution shape above is no longer needed. We present reconciled probabilistic</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E.397D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016cosp...41E.397D"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>/NEOCE: an ESA M5 formation flying proposed mission combining high resolution and coronagraphy for ultimate <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the chromosphere, corona and interface</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Damé, Luc; Von Fay-Siebenburgen Erdélyi, Robert</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>The global understanding of the solar environment through the magnetic field emergence and dissipation, and its influence on Earth, is at the centre of the four major thematics addressed by Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>/NEOCE (High Resolution Imaging and Spectroscopy Explorer/New Externally Occulted Coronagraph Experiment). They are interlinked and also complementary: the internal structure of the Sun determines the surface activity and dynamics that trigger magnetic field structuring which evolution, variation and dissipation will, in turn, explain the coronal heating onset and the major energy releases that feed the influence of the Sun on Earth. The 4 major themes of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>/NEOCE are: - fine structure of the chromosphere-corona interface by 2D spectroscopy in FUV at very high resolution; - coronal heating roots in inner corona by ultimate externally-occulted coronagraphy; - resolved and global helioseismology thanks to continuity and stability of <span class="hlt">observing</span> at L1 Lagrange point; - solar variability and space climate with a global comprehensive view of UV variability as well. Recent missions have shown the definite role of waves and of the magnetic field deep in the inner corona, at the chromosphere-corona interface, where dramatic changes occur. The dynamics of the chromosphere and corona is controlled by the emerging magnetic field, guided by the coronal magnetic field. Accordingly, the direct measurement of the chromospheric and coronal magnetic fields is of prime importance. This is implemented in Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>/NEOCE, to be proposed for ESA M5 ideally placed at the L1 Lagrangian point, providing FUV imaging and spectro-imaging, EUV and XUV imaging and spectroscopy, and ultimate coronagraphy by a remote external occulter (two satellites in formation flying 375 m apart minimizing scattered light) allowing to characterize temperature, densities and velocities up to the solar upper chromosphere, transition zone and inner corona with, in particular, 2D very high resolution multi</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/28005','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/28005"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> ground-water level in downtown Louisville, Kentucky, 1972-1977</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kernodle, J.M.; Whitesides, D.V.</p> <p>1977-01-01</p> <p>Ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer in Louisville, Jefferson County, Kentucky, are <span class="hlt">rising</span> at a rate which could cause wet basements and possible structural damage tc buildings in the downtown area by 1982. The predicted water level for 1982 is based on the nearly linear increase which has been <span class="hlt">observed</span> from 1972 to 1977, during which period a <span class="hlt">rise</span> of as much as 32 feet was recorded in water-level <span class="hlt">observation</span> wells. Foremost among the possible causes of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a decrease in withdrawal of ground water.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvE..79a1604B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvE..79a1604B"><span>Capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> between planar surfaces</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bullard, Jeffrey W.; Garboczi, Edward J.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Minimization of free energy is used to calculate the equilibrium vertical <span class="hlt">rise</span> and meniscus shape of a liquid column between two closely spaced, parallel planar surfaces that are inert and immobile. States of minimum free energy are found using standard variational principles, which lead not only to an Euler-Lagrange differential equation for the meniscus shape and elevation, but also to the boundary conditions at the three-phase junction where the liquid meniscus intersects the solid walls. The analysis shows that the classical Young-Dupré equation for the thermodynamic contact angle is valid at the three-phase junction, as already shown for sessile drops with or without the influence of a gravitational field. Integration of the Euler-Lagrange equation shows that a generalized Laplace-Young (LY) equation first proposed by O’Brien, Craig, and Peyton [J. Colloid Interface Sci. 26, 500 (1968)] <span class="hlt">gives</span> an exact prediction of the mean elevation of the meniscus at any wall separation, whereas the classical LY equation for the elevation of the midpoint of the meniscus is accurate only when the separation approaches zero or infinity. When both walls are identical, the meniscus is symmetric about the midpoint, and the midpoint elevation is a more traditional and convenient measure of capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> than the mean elevation. Therefore, for this symmetric system a different equation is fitted to numerical predictions of the midpoint elevation and is shown to <span class="hlt">give</span> excellent agreement for contact angles between 15° and 160° and wall separations up to 30mm . When the walls have dissimilar surface properties, the meniscus generally assumes an asymmetric shape, and significant elevation of the liquid column can occur even when one of the walls has a contact angle significantly greater than 90°. The height of the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> depends on the spacing between the walls and also on the difference in contact angles at the two surfaces. When the contact angle at one wall is greater</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70147358','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70147358"><span>Atypical pit craters on Mars: new insights from THEMIS, CTX and Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Cushing, Glen; Okubo, Chris H.; Titus, Timothy N.</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>More than 100 pit craters in the Tharsis region of Mars exhibit morphologies, diameters and thermal behaviors that diverge from the much larger bowl-shaped pit craters that occur in most regions across Mars. These Atypical Pit Craters (APCs) generally have sharp and distinct rims, vertical or overhanging walls that extend down to their floors, surface diameters of ~50-350 m, and high depth-to-diameter (d/D) ratios that are usually greater than 0.3 (which is an upper-range value for impacts and bowl-shaped pit craters), and can exceed values of 1.8. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> by the Mars Odyssey THermal Emission Imaging System (THEMIS) show that APC floor temperatures are warmer at night, and fluctuate with much lower diurnal amplitudes than nearby surfaces or adjacent bowl-shaped pit craters. Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, hosts pit craters that formed through subsurface collapse into active volcanic dikes, resulting in pits that can appear morphologically analogous to either APCs or bowl-shaped pit craters. Partially-drained dikes are sometimes exposed within the lower walls and floors of these terrestrial APC analogs and can form extensive cave systems with unique microclimates. Similar caves in martian pit craters are of great interest for astrobiology. This study uses new <span class="hlt">observations</span> by the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) and Context Camera (CTX) to refine previous work where seven APCs were described from lower-resolution THEMIS visible-wavelength (VIS) <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Here, we identify locations of 115 APCs, map their distribution across the Tharsis region, characterize their internal morphologies with high-resolution <span class="hlt">observations</span>, and discuss possible formation mechanisms.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3375233','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3375233"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> Leads to Happiness in Young Children</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Aknin, Lara B.; Hamlin, J. Kiley; Dunn, Elizabeth W.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Evolutionary models of cooperation require proximate mechanisms that sustain prosociality despite inherent costs to individuals. The “warm glow” that often follows prosocial acts could provide one such mechanism; if so, these emotional benefits may be <span class="hlt">observable</span> very early in development. Consistent with this hypothesis, the present study finds that before the age of two, toddlers exhibit greater happiness when <span class="hlt">giving</span> treats to others than receiving treats themselves. Further, children are happier after engaging in costly <span class="hlt">giving</span> – forfeiting their own resources – than when <span class="hlt">giving</span> the same treat at no cost. By documenting the emotionally rewarding properties of costly prosocial behavior among toddlers, this research provides initial support for the claim that experiencing positive emotions when <span class="hlt">giving</span> to others is a proximate mechanism for human cooperation. PMID:22720078</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70102441','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70102441"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) during southern summer on Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Ojha, Lujendra; McEwen, Alfred; Dundas, Colin; Byrne, Shane; Mattson, Sarah; Wray, James; Masse, Marion; Schaefer, Ethan</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Recurring Slope Lineae (RSL) are active features on Mars that might require flowing water. Most examples <span class="hlt">observed</span> through 2011 formed on steep, equator-facing slopes in the southern mid-latitudes. They form and grow during warm seasons and fade and often completely disappear during colder seasons, but recur over multiple Mars years. They are recognizable by their incremental growth, relatively low albedo and downhill orientation. We examined all images acquired by Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> during Ls 250–10° (slightly longer than southern summer, Ls 270–360°) of Mars years 30–31 (03/2011–10/2011), and supplemented our results with data from previous studies to better understand the geologic context and characteristics of RSL. We also confirmed candidate and likely sites from previous studies and discovered new RSL sites. We report 13 confirmed RSL sites, including the 7 in McEwen et al. (McEwen et al. [2011]. Science 333(6043), 740–743]. The <span class="hlt">observed</span> seasonality, latitudinal and slope orientation preferences, and THEMIS bright- ness temperatures indicate that RSL require warm temperatures to form. We conclude that RSL are a unique phenomenon on Mars, clearly distinct from other slope processes that occur at high latitudes associated with seasonal CO2 frost, and episodic mass wasting on equatorial slopes. However, only 41% (82 out of 200) of the sites that present apparently suitable conditions for RSL formation (steep, equator-facing rocky slopes with bedrock exposure) in the southern mid-latitudes (28–60°S) contain any candidate RSL, with confirmed RSL present only in 7% (13 sites) of those locations. Significant variability in abundance, size and exact location of RSL is also <span class="hlt">observed</span> at most sites, indicating additional controls such as availability of water or salts that might be playing a crucial role.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538832','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23538832"><span>Electrical image of passive mantle upwelling beneath the northern East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Key, Kerry; Constable, Steven; Liu, Lijun; Pommier, Anne</p> <p>2013-03-28</p> <p>Melt generated by mantle upwelling is fundamental to the production of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges, yet the forces controlling this process are debated. Passive-flow models predict symmetric upwelling due to viscous drag from the diverging tectonic plates, but have been challenged by geophysical <span class="hlt">observations</span> of asymmetric upwelling that suggest anomalous mantle pressure and temperature gradients, and by <span class="hlt">observations</span> of concentrated upwelling centres consistent with active models where buoyancy forces <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to focused convective flow. Here we use sea-floor magnetotelluric soundings at the fast-spreading northern East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to image mantle electrical structure to a depth of about 160 kilometres. Our data reveal a symmetric, high-conductivity region at depths of 20-90 kilometres that is consistent with partial melting of passively upwelling mantle. The triangular region of conductive partial melt matches passive-flow predictions, suggesting that melt focusing to the ridge occurs in the porous melting region rather than along the shallower base of the thermal lithosphere. A deeper conductor <span class="hlt">observed</span> east of the ridge at a depth of more than 100 kilometres is explained by asymmetric upwelling due to viscous coupling across two nearby transform faults. Significant electrical anisotropy occurs only in the shallowest mantle east of the ridge axis, where high vertical conductivity at depths of 10-20 kilometres indicates localized porous conduits. This suggests that a coincident seismic-velocity anomaly is evidence of shallow magma transport channels rather than deeper off-axis upwelling. We interpret the mantle electrical structure as evidence that plate-driven passive upwelling dominates this ridge segment, with dynamic forces being negligible.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4937343','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4937343"><span>Entropy <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to topologically associating domains</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Vasquez, Paula A.; Hult, Caitlin; Adalsteinsson, David; Lawrimore, Josh; Forest, Mark G.; Bloom, Kerry</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We investigate chromosome organization within the nucleus using polymer models whose formulation is closely guided by experiments in live yeast cells. We employ bead-spring chromosome models together with loop formation within the chains and the presence of nuclear bodies to quantify the extent to which these mechanisms shape the topological landscape in the interphase nucleus. By investigating the genome as a dynamical system, we show that domains of high chromosomal interactions can arise solely from the polymeric nature of the chromosome arms due to entropic interactions and nuclear confinement. In this view, the role of bio-chemical related processes is to modulate and extend the duration of the interacting domains. PMID:27257057</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591501-extended-hot-carrier-lifetimes-observed-bulk-sub-ga-sub-under-high-density-photoexcitation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22591501-extended-hot-carrier-lifetimes-observed-bulk-sub-ga-sub-under-high-density-photoexcitation"><span>Extended hot carrier lifetimes <span class="hlt">observed</span> in bulk In{sub 0.265±0.02}Ga{sub 0.735}N under high-density photoexcitation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Yi; Tayebjee, Murad J. Y.; Smyth, Suntrana</p> <p>2016-03-28</p> <p>We have investigated the ultrafast carrier dynamics in a 1 μm bulk In{sub 0.265}Ga{sub 0.735}N thin film grown using energetic neutral atom-beam lithography/epitaxy molecular beam epitaxy. Cathodoluminescence and X-ray diffraction experiments are used to <span class="hlt">observe</span> the existence of indium-rich domains in the sample. These domains <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a second carrier population and bi-exponential carrier cooling is <span class="hlt">observed</span> with characteristic lifetimes of 1.6 and 14 ps at a carrier density of 1.3 × 10{sup 16 }cm{sup −3}. A combination of band-filling, screening, and hot-phonon effects <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a two-fold enhanced mono-exponential cooling rate of 28 ps at a carrier density of 8.4 × 10{sup 18 }cm{sup −3}. Thismore » is the longest carrier thermalization time <span class="hlt">observed</span> in bulk InGaN alloys to date.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552298','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27552298"><span><span class="hlt">Give</span> as I <span class="hlt">give</span>: Adult influence on children's <span class="hlt">giving</span> in two cultures.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blake, Peter R; Corbit, John; Callaghan, Tara C; Warneken, Felix</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Adult influence on children's altruistic behavior may differ between cultural communities. We used an experimental approach to assess the influence of adult models on children's altruistic <span class="hlt">giving</span> in a city in the United States and rural villages in India. Children between 3 and 8 years of age were tested with their parents in the United States (n=163) and India (n=154). Parents modeled either a generous or stingy donation; children then performed a similar task in private. Children in both communities were influenced by the stingy model, but only children in India increased their <span class="hlt">giving</span> after viewing a generous model. The model's influence also increased with age in India. Results of a questionnaire revealed that parents in both communities believed that children learned sharing behavior from them. We consider these results in light of differences between these societies, including different socialization goals, cultural values, and content biases that may affect altruistic <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22518739-multiwavelength-observations-slow-rise-multistep-x1-flare-associated-eruption','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22518739-multiwavelength-observations-slow-rise-multistep-x1-flare-associated-eruption"><span>MULTIWAVELENGTH <span class="hlt">OBSERVATIONS</span> OF A SLOW-<span class="hlt">RISE</span>, MULTISTEP X1.6 FLARE AND THE ASSOCIATED ERUPTION</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Yurchyshyn, V.; Kumar, P.; Cho, K.-S.</p> <p></p> <p>Using multiwavelength <span class="hlt">observations</span>, we studied a slow-<span class="hlt">rise</span>, multistep X1.6 flare that began on 2014 November 7 as a localized eruption of core fields inside a δ-sunspot and later engulfed the entire active region (AR). This flare event was associated with formation of two systems of post-eruption arcades (PEAs) and several J-shaped flare ribbons showing extremely fine details, irreversible changes in the photospheric magnetic fields, and it was accompanied by a fast and wide coronal mass ejection. Data from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and IRIS spacecraft, along with the ground-based data from the New Solar Telescope, present evidence that (i) themore » flare and the eruption were directly triggered by a flux emergence that occurred inside a δ-sunspot at the boundary between two umbrae; (ii) this event represented an example of the formation of an unstable flux rope <span class="hlt">observed</span> only in hot AIA channels (131 and 94 Å) and LASCO C2 coronagraph images; (iii) the global PEA spanned the entire AR and was due to global-scale reconnection occurring at heights of about one solar radius, indicating the global spatial and temporal scale of the eruption.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C21C0705K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.C21C0705K"><span>Preconditioning and Formation Mechanisms of Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (Open Ocean) Polynyas in a High-Resolution CESM Simulation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kurtakoti, P. K.; Veneziani, C.; Stoessel, A.; Weijer, W.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Processes responsible for preconditioning and formation of Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Polynyas (MRP) were analyzed within the framework of a high-resolution fully coupled Community Earth System Model (CESM) simulation. Open Ocean Polynyas (OOPs) are large ice-free areas within the winter ice pack. These are regions of deep convection and strong atmosphere-ice-ocean interaction through which they play an important role in the formation of bottom waters. The data analyzed comes from a simulation conducted in a pre-industrial scenario as part of the Accelerated Climate Modeling for Energy (ACME) project. Within this simulation, persistent winter OOPs were simulated in the Weddell Sea (Weddell Sea Polynya) and over the Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> seamount (Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Polynya). The sea ice concentration in the Weddell Sea shows that MRP acts as a precondition to Weddell Sea polynyas, which is consistent with mid 1970s <span class="hlt">observations</span> of a westward expansion of MRP into the Weddell Sea. The OOPs in years 30-40 of the CESM simulation are largely over Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> <span class="hlt">giving</span> us an opportunity to investigate processes that trigger and maintain the OOP in winter over Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. The heat content of the Weddell Deep Water (WDW) is seen to be an important factor for MRPs, consistent with previous studies. The first MRP in the 30s coincides with the strongest negative wind stress curl over the Weddell Sea, which implies that this condition is a triggering mechanism for deep convection. The deep convective event associated with the OOP leads to a reduction of deep ocean heat reservoir up to 3000m depth. The simulation captures a westward flow of WDW impinging on Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> seamount. Previous studies suggest Taylor column dynamics to be necessary for MRPs to emerge. We have explored how Taylor column dynamics could contribute to preconditioning and triggering deep open ocean convection over Maud <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Seamount. We also investigate the importance of resolution of bottom topography for the formation of a strong enough Taylor</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27867258','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27867258"><span>Principle of Care and <span class="hlt">Giving</span> to Help People in Need.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bekkers, René; Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Theories of moral development posit that an internalized moral value that one should help those in need-the principle of care-evokes helping behaviour in situations where empathic concern does not. Examples of such situations are helping behaviours that involve cognitive deliberation and planning, that benefit others who are known only in the abstract, and who are out-group members. Charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> to help people in need is an important helping behaviour that has these characteristics. Therefore we hypothesized that the principle of care would be positively associated with charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> to help people in need, and that the principle of care would mediate the empathic concern-<span class="hlt">giving</span> relationship. The two hypotheses were tested across four studies. The studies used four different samples, including three nationally representative samples from the American and Dutch populations, and included both self-reports of <span class="hlt">giving</span> (Studies 1-3), <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> in a survey experiment (Study 3), and <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> in a laboratory experiment (Study 4). The evidence from these studies indicated that a moral principle to care for others was associated with charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> to help people in need and mediated the empathic concern-<span class="hlt">giving</span> relationship. © 2016 The Authors. European Journal of Personality published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of European Association of Personality Psychology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996SPIE.2895..157C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1996SPIE.2895..157C"><span>Fiber optic temperature sensor <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to thermal analysis in complex product design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, Andrew Y. S.; Pau, Michael C. Y.</p> <p>1996-09-01</p> <p>A computer-adapted fiber-optic temperature sensing system has been developed which aims to study both the theoretical aspect of fiber temperature sensing and the experimental aspect of such system. The system consists of a laser source, a fiber sensing element, an electronic fringes counting device, and an on-line personal computer. The temperature measurement is achieved by the conventional double beam fringe counting method with optical path length changes in the sensing beam due to the fiber expansion. The system can automatically measure the temperature changes in a sensing fiber arm which provides an insight of the heat generation and dissipation of the measured system. Unlike the conventional measuring devices such as thermocouples or solid state temperature sensors, the fiber sensor can easily be wrapped and shaped to fit the surface of the measuring object or even inside a molded plastic parts such as a computer case, which <span class="hlt">gives</span> much more flexibility and applicability to the analysis of heat generation and dissipation in the operation of these machine parts. The reference beam is being set up on a temperature controlled optical bench to facilitate high sensitivity and high temperature resolution. The measuring beam has a motorized beam selection device for multiple fiber beam measurement. The project has been demonstrated in the laboratory and the system sensitivity and resolution are found to be as high as 0.01 degree Celsius. It is expected the system will find its application in many design studies which require thermal budgeting.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_2");'>2</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li class="active"><span>4</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_4 --> <div id="page_5" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="81"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5889654','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5889654"><span>Inequality and redistribution behavior in a <span class="hlt">give</span>-or-take game</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bechtel, Michael M.; Scheve, Kenneth F.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Political polarization and extremism are widely thought to be driven by the surge in economic inequality in many countries around the world. Understanding why inequality persists depends on knowing the causal effect of inequality on individual behavior. We study how inequality affects redistribution behavior in a randomized “<span class="hlt">give</span>-or-take” experiment that created equality, advantageous inequality, or disadvantageous inequality between two individuals before offering one of them the opportunity to either take from or <span class="hlt">give</span> to the other. We estimate the causal effect of inequality in representative samples of German and American citizens (n = 4,966) and establish two main findings. First, individuals imperfectly equalize payoffs: On average, respondents transfer 12% of the available endowments to realize more equal wealth distributions. This means that respondents tolerate a considerable degree of inequality even in a setting in which there are no costs to redistribution. Second, redistribution behavior in response to disadvantageous and advantageous inequality is largely asymmetric: Individuals who take from those who are richer do not also tend to <span class="hlt">give</span> to those who are poorer, and individuals who <span class="hlt">give</span> to those who are poorer do not tend to take from those who are richer. These behavioral redistribution types correlate in meaningful ways with support for heavy taxes on the rich and the provision of welfare benefits for the poor. Consequently, it seems difficult to construct a majority coalition willing to back the type of government interventions needed to counter <span class="hlt">rising</span> inequality. PMID:29555734</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1892j0003T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1892j0003T"><span>Projections of tsunami inundation area coupled with impacts of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in Banda Aceh, Indonesia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tursina, Syamsidik, Kato, Shigeru</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>In a long term, sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is anticipated to <span class="hlt">give</span> devastating effects on Banda Aceh, as one of the coastal cities in the northern tip of Sumatra. The growth of the population and buildings in the city has come to the stage where the coastal area is vulnerable to any coastal hazard. Some public facilities and settlements have been constructed and keep expanding in the future. According to TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite images, 7 mm/year the sea level has been risen between 1992 and 2015 in this area. It is estimated that in the next 100 years, there will be 700 mm additional sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> which will <span class="hlt">give</span> a setback more over to a rather flat area around the coast. This research is aim at investigating the influence of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> toward the tsunami inundation on the land area particularly the impacts on Banda Aceh city. Cornell Multigrid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) simulation numerically generated tsunami propagation. Topography and bathymetry data were collected from GEBCO and updated with the available nautical chart (DISHIDROS, JICA, and field measurements). Geological movement of the underwater fault was generated using Piatanesi and Lorito of 9.15 Mw 2004 multi-fault scenario. The inundation area produced by COMCOT revealed that the inundation area was expanded to several hundred meters from the shoreline. To investigate the impacts of tsunami wave on Banda Aceh, the inundation area were digitized and analyzed with Quantum GIS spatial tools. The Quantum GIS analyzed inundations area affected by the projected tsunami. It will <span class="hlt">give</span> a new tsunami-prone coastal area map induced by sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in 100 years.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16391501','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16391501"><span>The communicative functions of final <span class="hlt">rises</span> in Finnish intonation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ogden, Richard; Routarinne, Sara</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>This paper considers the communicative function of final <span class="hlt">rises</span> in Finnish conversational talk between pairs of teenage girls. Final <span class="hlt">rises</span> are fairly common, occurring approximately twice a minute, predominantly on declaratives and in narrative sequences. We briefly consider the interplay between voice quality (known to be a marker of transition relevance) and <span class="hlt">rising</span> intonation in Finnish. We argue that in narrative sequences, <span class="hlt">rising</span> terminals manage two main interactional tasks: they provide a place for a coparticipant to mark recipiency, and they project more talk by the current speaker. Using a methodology which combines phonetic <span class="hlt">observation</span> with conversation analysis, we demonstrate participants' orientation to these functions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012076','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20140012076"><span>Earth <span class="hlt">Observations</span> for Global Water Security</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lawford, Richard; Strauch, Adrian; Toll, David; Fekete, Balazs; Cripe, Douglas</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The combined effects of population growth, increasing demands for water to support agriculture, energy security, and industrial expansion, and the challenges of climate change <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to an urgent need to carefully monitor and assess trends and variations in water resources. Doing so will ensure that sustainable access to adequate quantities of safe and useable water will serve as a foundation for water security. Both satellite and in situ <span class="hlt">observations</span> combined with data assimilation and models are needed for effective, integrated monitoring of the water cycle's trends and variability in terms of both quantity and quality. On the basis of a review of existing <span class="hlt">observational</span> systems, we argue that a new integrated monitoring capability for water security purposes is urgently needed. Furthermore, the components for this capability exist and could be integrated through the cooperation of national <span class="hlt">observational</span> programmes. The Group on Earth <span class="hlt">Observations</span> should play a central role in the design, implementation, management and analysis of this system and its products.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123.2129H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JGRC..123.2129H"><span><span class="hlt">Observation</span>-Driven Estimation of the Spatial Variability of 20th Century Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamlington, B. D.; Burgos, A.; Thompson, P. R.; Landerer, F. W.; Piecuch, C. G.; Adhikari, S.; Caron, L.; Reager, J. T.; Ivins, E. R.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Over the past two decades, sea level measurements made by satellites have given clear indications of both global and regional sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Numerous studies have sought to leverage the modern satellite record and available historic sea level data provided by tide gauges to estimate past sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, leading to several estimates for the 20th century trend in global mean sea level in the range between 1 and 2 mm/yr. On regional scales, few attempts have been made to estimate trends over the same time period. This is due largely to the inhomogeneity and quality of the tide gauge network through the 20th century, which render commonly used reconstruction techniques inadequate. Here, a new approach is adopted, integrating data from a select set of tide gauges with prior estimates of spatial structure based on historical sea level forcing information from the major contributing processes over the past century. The resulting map of 20th century regional sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is optimized to agree with the tide gauge-measured trends, and provides an indication of the likely contributions of different sources to regional patterns. Of equal importance, this study demonstrates the sensitivities of this regional trend map to current knowledge and uncertainty of the contributing processes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25157191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25157191"><span>Sustaining <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the unsteady ocean circulation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Frajka-Williams, E</p> <p>2014-09-28</p> <p>Sustained <span class="hlt">observations</span> of ocean properties reveal a global warming trend and <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels. These changes have been documented by traditional ship-based measurements of ocean properties, whereas more recent Argo profiling floats and satellite records permit estimates of ocean changes on a near real-time basis. Through these and newer methods of <span class="hlt">observing</span> the oceans, scientists are moving from quantifying the 'state of the ocean' to monitoring its variability, and distinguishing the physical processes bringing signals of change. In this paper, I <span class="hlt">give</span> a brief overview of the UK contributions to the physical oceanographic <span class="hlt">observations</span>, and the role they have played in the wider global <span class="hlt">observing</span> systems. While temperature and salinity are the primary measurements of physical oceanography, new transbasin mooring arrays also resolve changes in ocean circulation on daily timescales. Emerging technologies permit routine <span class="hlt">observations</span> at higher-than-ever spatial resolutions. Following this, I then <span class="hlt">give</span> a personal perspective on the future of sustained <span class="hlt">observations</span>. New measurement techniques promise exciting discoveries concerning the role of smaller scales and boundary processes in setting the large-scale ocean circulation and the ocean's role in climate. The challenges now facing the scientific community include sustaining critical <span class="hlt">observations</span> in the case of funding system changes or shifts in government priorities. These long records will enable a determination of the role and response of the ocean to climate change. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23495537','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23495537"><span>Over my dead body: body donation and the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in donor registrations in The Netherlands.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bolt, Sophie; Eisinga, Rob; Altena, Marga; Venbrux, Eric; Gerrits, Peter O</p> <p></p> <p>In The Netherlands, the number of body donor registrations has been increasing for several years. Body donors are people who register at an anatomical institute to donate their entire body, after death, for scientific education and research. Although only 0.1% of the Dutch population is registered as a body donor, this is sufficient to realize the anatomical demand of about 650 bodies annually. Due to the recent <span class="hlt">rise</span> of registrations many anatomical institutes have (temporarily) stopped registering new donors to prevent a surplus of bodies. Based on a large body donor survey (n=759) and in-depth anthropological interviews with 20 body donors, we try to <span class="hlt">give</span> an explanation for the <span class="hlt">rising</span> registration numbers. We argue that the choice for body donation in contemporary, individualized Dutch society is an autonomous way to <span class="hlt">give</span> meaning and sense to life and death outside the framework of institutionalized religion.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3864517','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3864517"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Buildings versus Outdoor Thermal Environment in Chongqing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Lu, Jun; Chen, Jin-hua; Tang, Ying; Feng, Yuan; Wang, Jin-sha</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>This paper <span class="hlt">gives</span> a brief description of the over quick urbanization since Chongqing, one of the biggest cities in China, has been a municipality directly under the Central Government in 1997, excessive development and exceeding increase of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings because of its special geographical position which finally leads to the worsening of the urban outdoor thermal environment. Then, this paper makes a bright balance to the field measurement and simulated results of the wind speed field, temperature field of one multifunctional high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building in Chongqing university located in the city center, and the contrasted results validate the correctness of CFD in the outdoor thermal environmental simulation, expose the disadvantages of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings on the aspects of blocking the wind field, decreasing wind speed which results in accumulation of the air-conditioning heat revolving around and periscian region where sunshine can not rip into. Finally, in order to improve the urban outdoor thermal environment near the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings especially for the angle of natural ventilation, this paper simulates the wind environment in different architectural compositions and architectural layouts by CFD, and the simulated results show that freestyle and tower buildings which can guarantee the wind speed and take the air-conditioning heat away are much suitable and reasonable for the special Chongqing geography. These conclusions can also be used as a reference in other mountain cities, especially for the one with a great number of populations. PMID:28903222</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Ap%26SS.363...59B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Ap%26SS.363...59B"><span><span class="hlt">Observational</span> constraints on tachyonic chameleon dark energy model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Banijamali, A.; Bellucci, S.; Fazlpour, B.; Solbi, M.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>It has been recently shown that tachyonic chameleon model of dark energy in which tachyon scalar field non-minimally coupled to the matter admits stable scaling attractor solution that could <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the late-time accelerated expansion of the universe and hence alleviate the coincidence problem. In the present work, we use data from Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) and Baryon Acoustic oscillations to place constraints on the model parameters. In our analysis we consider in general exponential and non-exponential forms for the non-minimal coupling function and tachyonic potential and show that the scenario is compatible with <span class="hlt">observations</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6456638-cenozoic-seismic-stratigraphy-sw-bermuda-rise','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6456638-cenozoic-seismic-stratigraphy-sw-bermuda-rise"><span>Cenozoic seismic stratigraphy of the SW Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Mountain, G.S.; Driscoll, N.W.; Miller, K.G.</p> <p>1985-01-01</p> <p>The seismic Horizon A-Complex (Tucholke, 1979) readily explains reflector patterns <span class="hlt">observed</span> along the western third of the Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span>; farther east, basement is much more rugged and gravity flows shed from local topographic highs complicate the stratigraphy. Distal turbidites on the southwestern Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span> onlap reflector A* from the west, suggesting early Paleocene mass wasting of the North American margin. Locally erosive bottom currents cut into the middle Eocene section of the SW Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span>; these northward flowing currents preceded those that formed reflector Au along the North American margin near the Eocene-Oligocene boundary. Southward flowing currents swift enough tomore » erode the sea floor and to form reflector Au did not reach as far east as the SW Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. Instead, the main effect of these Au currents was to pirate sediment into contour-following geostrophic flows along the North American margin and to deprive the deep basin and the Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of sediment transported down-slope. Consequently, post-Eocene sediments away from the margin are fine-grained muds. Deposition of these muds on the SW Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span> was controlled by northward flowing bottom currents. The modern Hatteras Abyssal Plain developed in the late Neogene as turbidites once again onlapped the SW Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. Today, these deposits extend farthest east in fracture zone valleys and in the swales between sediment waves. Northward flowing currents continue at present to affect sediment distribution patterns along the western edge of the Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ERL.....7b1001R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012ERL.....7b1001R"><span>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>: towards understanding local vulnerability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rahmstorf, Stefan</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Projections of global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> into the future have become more pessimistic over the past five years or so. A global <span class="hlt">rise</span> by more than one metre by the year 2100 is now widely accepted as a serious possibility if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated. That is witnessed by the scientific assessments that were made since the last IPCC report was published in 2007. The Delta Commission of the Dutch government projected up to 1.10 m as a 'high-end' scenario (Vellinga et al 2009). The Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR) projected up to 1.40 m (Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research 2009), and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) <span class="hlt">gives</span> a range of 0.90-1.60 m in its 2011 report (Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme 2011). And recently the US Army Corps of Engineers recommends using a 'low', an 'intermediate' and a 'high' scenario for global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> when planning civil works programmes, with the high one corresponding to a 1.50 m <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 2100 (US Army Corps of Engineers 2011). This more pessimistic view is based on a number of <span class="hlt">observations</span>, most importantly perhaps the fact that sea level has been <span class="hlt">rising</span> at least 50% faster in the past decades than projected by the IPCC (Rahmstorf et al 2007, IPCC 2007). Also, the rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> (averaged over two decades) has accelerated threefold, from around 1 mm yr-1 at the start of the 20th century to around 3 mm yr-1 over the past 20 years (Church and White 2006), and this rate increase closely correlates with global warming (Rahmstorf et al 2011). The IPCC projections, which assume almost no further acceleration in the 20th century, thus look less plausible. And finally the <span class="hlt">observed</span> net mass loss of the two big continental ice sheets (Van den Broeke et al 2011) calls into question the assumption that ice accumulation in Antarctica would largely balance ice loss from Greenland in the course of further global warming (IPCC 2007). With such a serious sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the horizon</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820043768&hterms=Symbiotic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3DSymbiotic','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19820043768&hterms=Symbiotic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D80%26Ntt%3DSymbiotic"><span>Ultraviolet <span class="hlt">observations</span> of four symbiotic stars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Michalitsianos, A. G.; Feibelman, W. A.; Hobbs, R. W.; Kafatos, M.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Observations</span> were obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) of four symbiotic stars. The UV spectra of YY Her, SY Mus, CL Sco, and BX Mon are characterized by varying degrees of thermal excitation. These low resolution spectra have been analyzed in terms of line-blanketed model atmospheres of early A, B, and F type stars in order to identify the nature of the hot companion in these systems. The expected emission from early main sequence stars does not fully explain the <span class="hlt">observed</span> distribution of UV continuum energy over the entire IUE spectral range (1200-3200 A). More likely the <span class="hlt">observed</span> continuum may be originating from an accretion disk and/or hot subdwarf that photoionizes circumstellar material, and <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the high excitation lines that have been detected. The Bowen fluorescent excited lines of O III in SY Mus exhibit slightly broadened profiles that suggest possible turbulent motions in an extended circumstellar cloud with characteristic velocities of approximately 300 km/s.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3320527','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3320527"><span>Postdialysis blood pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> predicts long-term outcomes in chronic hemodialysis patients: a four-year prospective <span class="hlt">observational</span> cohort study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Background The blood pressure (BP) of a proportion of chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients <span class="hlt">rises</span> after HD. We investigated the influence of postdialysis BP <span class="hlt">rise</span> on long-term outcomes. Methods A total of 115 prevalent HD patients were enrolled. Because of the fluctuating nature of predialysis and postdialysis BP, systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP before and after HD were recorded from 25 consecutive HD sessions during a 2-month period. Patients were followed for 4 years or until death or withdrawal. Results Kaplan-Meier estimates revealed that patients with average postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span> of more than 5 mmHg were at the highest risk of both cardiovascular and all-cause mortality as compared to those with an average postdialysis SBP change between -5 to 5 mmHg and those with an average postdialysis SBP drop of more than 5 mmHg. Furthermore, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that both postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span> of more than 5 mmHg (HR, 3.925 [95% CI, 1.410-10.846], p = 0.008) and high cardiothoracic (CT) ratio of more than 50% (HR, 7.560 [95% CI, 2.048-27.912], p = 0.002) independently predicted all-cause mortality. We also found that patients with an average postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span> were associated with subclinical volume overload, as evidenced by the significantly higher CT ratio (p = 0.008). Conclusions A postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span> in HD patients independently predicted 4-year cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. Considering postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span> was associated with higher CT ratio, intensive evaluation of cardiac and volume status should be performed in patients with postdialysis SBP <span class="hlt">rise</span>. PMID:22414233</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3786290','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3786290"><span>Symmetry breaking <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to energy spectra of three states of matter</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Bolmatov, Dima; Musaev, Edvard T.; Trachenko, K.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>A fundamental task of statistical physics is to start with a microscopic Hamiltonian, predict the system's statistical properties and compare them with <span class="hlt">observable</span> data. A notable current fundamental challenge is to tell whether and how an interacting Hamiltonian predicts different energy spectra, including solid, liquid and gas phases. Here, we propose a new idea that enables a unified description of all three states of matter. We introduce a generic form of an interacting phonon Hamiltonian with ground state configurations minimising the potential. Symmetry breaking SO(3) to SO(2), from the group of rotations in reciprocal space to its subgroup, leads to emergence of energy gaps of shear excitations as a consequence of the Goldstone theorem, and readily results in the emergence of energy spectra of solid, liquid and gas phases. PMID:24077388</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Icar..205..296T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010Icar..205..296T"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span> of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars’ southern polar regions: II. Surficial deposits and their origins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thomas, N.; Hansen, C. J.; Portyankina, G.; Russell, P. S.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) onboard Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) has been used to monitor the seasonal evolution of several regions at high southern latitudes and, in particular, the jet-like activity which may result from the process described by Kieffer (JGR, 112, E08005, doi:10.1029/2006JE002816, 2007) involving translucent CO 2 ice. In this work, we mostly concentrate on <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the Inca City (81°S, 296°E) and Manhattan (86°S, 99°E) regions in the southern spring of 2007. Two companion papers, [Hansen et al. this issue] and [Portyankina et al. this issue], discuss the surface features in these regions and specific models of the behaviour of CO 2 slab ice, respectively. The <span class="hlt">observations</span> indicate rapid on-set of activity in late winter initiating before Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> can obtain adequately illuminated images (Ls < 174° at Inca City). Most sources become active within the subsequent 8 weeks. Activity is indicated by the production of dark deposits surrounded by brighter bluer deposits which probably arise from the freezing out of vented CO 2 [ Titus et al., 2007. AGU (abstract P41A-0188)]. These deposits originate from araneiform structures (spiders), boulders on ridges, cracks on slopes, and along linear cracks in the slab ice on flatter surfaces. The type of activity <span class="hlt">observed</span> can often be explained qualitatively by considering the local topography. Some dark fans are <span class="hlt">observed</span> to shorten enormously in length on a timescale of 18 days. We consider this to be strong evidence that outgassing was in progress at the time of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> image acquisition and estimate a total particulate emission rate of >30 g s -1 from a single typical jet feature. Brighter deposits at Inca City become increasingly hard to detect after Ls = 210°. In the Inca City region, the orientations of surficial deposits are topographically controlled. The deposition of dark material also appears to be influenced by local topography suggesting that the ejection</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5599069','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5599069"><span>Differential receptive field organizations <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to nearly identical neural correlations across three parallel sensory maps in weakly electric fish</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Understanding how neural populations encode sensory information thereby leading to perception and behavior (i.e., the neural code) remains an important problem in neuroscience. When investigating the neural code, one must take into account the fact that neural activities are not independent but are actually correlated with one another. Such correlations are seen ubiquitously and have a strong impact on neural coding. Here we investigated how differences in the antagonistic center-surround receptive field (RF) organization across three parallel sensory maps influence correlations between the activities of electrosensory pyramidal neurons. Using a model based on known anatomical differences in receptive field center size and overlap, we initially predicted large differences in correlated activity across the maps. However, in vivo electrophysiological recordings showed that, contrary to modeling predictions, electrosensory pyramidal neurons across all three segments displayed nearly identical correlations. To explain this surprising result, we incorporated the effects of RF surround in our model. By systematically varying both the RF surround gain and size relative to that of the RF center, we found that multiple RF structures gave <span class="hlt">rise</span> to similar levels of correlation. In particular, incorporating known physiological differences in RF structure between the three maps in our model gave <span class="hlt">rise</span> to similar levels of correlation. Our results show that RF center overlap alone does not determine correlations which has important implications for understanding how RF structure influences correlated neural activity. PMID:28863136</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22521486-rapidly-rising-transients-supernovasuperluminous-supernova-gap','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22521486-rapidly-rising-transients-supernovasuperluminous-supernova-gap"><span>RAPIDLY <span class="hlt">RISING</span> TRANSIENTS IN THE SUPERNOVA—SUPERLUMINOUS SUPERNOVA GAP</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Arcavi, Iair; Howell, D. Andrew; Wolf, William M.</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>We present <span class="hlt">observations</span> of four rapidly <span class="hlt">rising</span> (t{sub <span class="hlt">rise</span>} ≈ 10 days) transients with peak luminosities between those of supernovae (SNe) and superluminous SNe (M{sub peak} ≈ −20)—one discovered and followed by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and three by the Supernova Legacy Survey. The light curves resemble those of SN 2011kl, recently shown to be associated with an ultra-long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB), though no GRB was seen to accompany our SNe. The rapid <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a luminous peak places these events in a unique part of SN phase space, challenging standard SN emission mechanisms. Spectra of the PTF event formallymore » classify it as an SN II due to broad Hα emission, but an unusual absorption feature, which can be interpreted as either high velocity Hα (though deeper than in previously known cases) or Si ii (as seen in SNe Ia), is also <span class="hlt">observed</span>. We find that existing models of white dwarf detonations, CSM interaction, shock breakout in a wind (or steeper CSM), and magnetar spin down cannot readily explain the <span class="hlt">observations</span>. We consider the possibility that a “Type 1.5 SN” scenario could be the origin of our events. More detailed models for these kinds of transients and more constraining <span class="hlt">observations</span> of future such events should help to better determine their nature.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003528&hterms=wolf&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dwolf%26Nf%3DPublication-Date%257CBTWN%2B20130101%2B20180525','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003528&hterms=wolf&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAuthor-Name%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dwolf%26Nf%3DPublication-Date%257CBTWN%2B20130101%2B20180525"><span>Rapidly <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Transients in the Supernova - Superluminous Supernova Gap</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Arcavi, Iair; Wolf, William M.; Howell, D. Andrew; Bildsten, Lars; Leloudas, Giorgos; Hardin, Delphine; Prajs, Szymon; Perley, Daniel A.; Svirski, Gilad; Cenko, S. Bradley</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We present <span class="hlt">observations</span> of four rapidly <span class="hlt">rising</span> (t(sub <span class="hlt">rise</span>) approximately equals 10 days) transients with peak luminosities between those of supernovae (SNe) and superluminous SNe (M(sub peak) approximately equals -20) - one discovered and followed by the PalomarTransient Factory (PTF) and three by the Supernova Legacy Survey. The light curves resemble those of SN 2011kl, recently shown to be associated with an ultra-long-duration gamma-ray burst (GRB), though no GRB was seen to accompany our SNe. The rapid <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a luminous peak places these events in a unique part of SN phase space, challenging standard SN emission mechanisms. Spectra of the PTF event formally classify it as an SN II due to broad H alpha emission, but an unusual absorption feature, which can be interpreted as either high velocity H alpha (though deeper than in previously known cases) or Si II (as seen in SNe Ia), is also <span class="hlt">observed</span>. We find that existing models of white dwarf detonations, CSM interaction, shock breakout in a wind (or steeper CSM), and magnetar spin down cannot readily explain the <span class="hlt">observations</span>. We consider the possibility that a Type 1.5 SN scenario could be the origin of our events. More detailed models for these kinds of transients and more constraining <span class="hlt">observations</span> of future such events should help to better determine their nature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5267164-charm-rise-pp-bar-total-cross-section','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5267164-charm-rise-pp-bar-total-cross-section"><span>Charm and the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the pp-bar total cross section</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Jones, S.T.; Dash, J.W.</p> <p></p> <p>We <span class="hlt">give</span> a detailed description of the pp-bar forward amplitude through CERN SPS collider energies, using the flavored Pomeron model as an effective parametrization of nonperturbative QCD. We show that the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the total cross section between CERN ISR and SPS collider energies is consistent with the onset of charmed-particle production up to the level of a few millibarns, along with other processes, and in agreement with available data. In contrast with our estimates of charm production, perturbative QCD charm-production calculations are well below the data. We <span class="hlt">give</span> estimates of the p-bar and K/sup +- / multiplicities at SPSmore » collider energies. We also present a simplified version of the flavoring model in order to facilitate comparisons between it and other parametrizations.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A31I0175M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFM.A31I0175M"><span>Integrating wildfire plume <span class="hlt">rises</span> within atmospheric transport models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mallia, D. V.; Kochanski, A.; Wu, D.; Urbanski, S. P.; Krueger, S. K.; Lin, J. C.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Wildfires can generate significant pyro-convection that is responsible for releasing pollutants, greenhouse gases, and trace species into the free troposphere, which are then transported a significant distance downwind from the fire. Oftentimes, atmospheric transport and chemistry models have a difficult time resolving the transport of smoke from these wildfires, primarily due to deficiencies in estimating the plume injection height, which has been highlighted in previous work as the most important aspect of simulating wildfire plume transport. As a result of the uncertainties associated with modeled wildfire plume <span class="hlt">rise</span>, researchers face difficulties modeling the impacts of wildfire smoke on air quality and constraining fire emissions using inverse modeling techniques. Currently, several plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> parameterizations exist that are able to determine the injection height of fire emissions; however, the success of these parameterizations has been mixed. With the advent of WRF-SFIRE, the wildfire plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> and injection height can now be explicitly calculated using a fire spread model (SFIRE) that is dynamically linked with the atmosphere simulated by WRF. However, this model has only been tested on a limited basis due to computational costs. Here, we will test the performance of WRF-SFIRE in addition to several commonly adopted plume parameterizations (Freitas, Sofiev, and Briggs) for the 2013 Patch Springs (Utah) and 2012 Baker Canyon (Washington) fires, for both of which <span class="hlt">observations</span> of plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> heights are available. These plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> techniques will then be incorporated within a Lagrangian atmospheric transport model (STILT) in order to simulate CO and CO2 concentrations during NASA's CARVE Earth Science Airborne Program over Alaska during the summer of 2012. Initial model results showed that STILT model simulations were unable to reproduce enhanced CO concentrations produced by Alaskan fires <span class="hlt">observed</span> during 2012. Near-surface concentrations were drastically</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_3");'>3</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li class="active"><span>5</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_5 --> <div id="page_6" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="101"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060047457&hterms=EIT&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DEIT','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20060047457&hterms=EIT&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3DEIT"><span>Initiation of the Slow-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fast-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Phases of an Erupting Solar Filament by Localized Emerging Magnetic Field via Microflaring</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sterling, A. C.; Moore, R. L.; Harra, L. K.</p> <p>2006-01-01</p> <p>EUV data from EIT show that a filament of 2001 February 28 underwent a slow-<span class="hlt">rise</span> phase lasting about 6 hrs, before rapidly erupting in a fast-<span class="hlt">rise</span> phase. Concurrent images in soft X-rays (SXRs) from Yohkoh/SXT show that a series of three microflares, prominent in SXT images but weak in EIT approx.195 Ang EUV images, occurred near one end of the filament. The first and last microflares occurred respectively in conjunction with the start of the slow-<span class="hlt">rise</span> phase and the start of the fast-<span class="hlt">rise</span> phase, and the second microflare corresponded to a kink in the filament trajectory. Beginning within 10 hours of the start of the slow <span class="hlt">rise</span>, new magnetic flux emerged at the location of the microflaring. This localized new flux emergence and the resulting microflares, consistent with reconnection between the emerging field and the sheared sigmoid core magnetic field holding the filament, apparently caused the slow <span class="hlt">rise</span> of this field and the transition to explosive eruption. For the first time in such detail, the <span class="hlt">observations</span> show this direct action of localized emerging flux in the progressive destabilization of a sheared core field in the onset of a coronal mass ejection (CME). Similar processes may have occurred in other recently-studied events, NASA supported this work through NASA SR&T and SEC GI grants.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRE..115.9002V','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010JGRE..115.9002V"><span><span class="hlt">Observations</span> from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>): Martian dust devils in Gusev and Russell craters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Verba, Circe A.; Geissler, Paul E.; Titus, Timothy N.; Waller, Devin</p> <p>2010-09-01</p> <p>Two areas targeted for repeated imaging by detailed High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) <span class="hlt">observations</span> allow us to examine morphological differences and monitor seasonal variations of Martian dust devil tracks at two quite different locations. Russell crater (53.3°S, 12.9°E) is regularly imaged to study seasonal processes including deposition and sublimation of CO2 frost. Gusev crater (14.6°S, 175.4°E) has been frequently imaged in support of the Mars Exploration Rover mission. Gusev crater provides the first opportunity to compare “ground truth” orbital <span class="hlt">observations</span> of dust devil tracks to surface <span class="hlt">observations</span> of active dust plumes. Orbital <span class="hlt">observations</span> show that dust devil tracks are rare, forming at a rate <1/110 that of the occurrence of active dust plumes estimated from Spirit's surface <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Furthermore, the tracks <span class="hlt">observed</span> from orbit are wider than typical plume diameters <span class="hlt">observed</span> by Spirit. We conclude that the tracks in Gusev are primarily formed by rare, large dust devils. Smaller dust devils fail to leave tracks that are visible from orbit, perhaps because of limited surface excavation depths. Russell crater displays more frequent, smaller sinuous tracks than Gusev. This may be due to the thin dust cover in Russell, allowing smaller dust devils to penetrate through the bright dust layer and leave conspicuous tracks. The start of the dust devil season and peak activity are delayed in Russell in comparison to Gusev, likely because of its more southerly location. Dust devils in both sites travel in directions consistent with general circulation model (GCM)-predicted winds, confirming a laboratory-derived approach to determining dust devil travel directions based on track morphology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687261','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29687261"><span>Conductivity <span class="hlt">Rise</span> During Irreversible Electroporation: True Permeabilization or Heat?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ruarus, Alette H; Vroomen, Laurien G P H; Puijk, Robbert S; Scheffer, Hester J; Faes, Theo J C; Meijerink, Martijn R</p> <p>2018-04-23</p> <p>Irreversible electroporation (IRE) induces apoptosis with high-voltage electric pulses. Although the working mechanism is non-thermal, development of secondary Joule heating occurs. This study investigated whether the <span class="hlt">observed</span> conductivity <span class="hlt">rise</span> during IRE is caused by increased cellular permeabilization or heat development. IRE was performed in a gelatin tissue phantom, in potato tubers, and in 30 patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM). Continuous versus sequential pulsing protocols (10-90 vs. 10-30-30-30) were assessed. Temperature was measured using fiber-optic probes. After temperature had returned to baseline, 100 additional pulses were delivered. The primary technique efficacy of the treated CRLM was compared to the periprocedural current <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Seven patients received ten additional pulses after a 10-min cool-down period. Temperature and current <span class="hlt">rise</span> was higher for the continuous pulsing protocol (medians, gel: 13.05 vs. 9.55 °C and 9 amperes (A) vs. 7A; potato: 12.70 vs. 10.53 °C and 6.0A vs. 6.5A). After cooling-down, current returned to baseline in the gel phantom and near baseline values (Δ2A with continuous- and Δ5A with sequential pulsing) in the potato tubers. The current declined after cooling-down in all seven patients with CRLM, although baseline values were not reached. There was a positive correlation between current <span class="hlt">rise</span> and primary technique efficacy (p = 0.02); however, the previously reported current increase threshold of 12-15A was reached in 13%. The <span class="hlt">observed</span> conductivity <span class="hlt">rise</span> during IRE is caused by both cellular permeabilization and heat development. Although a correlation between current <span class="hlt">rise</span> and efficacy exists, the current increase threshold seems unfeasible for CRLM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.2856B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2002EGSGA..27.2856B"><span>Influence of The <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of 0c Isotherm On Debris Flow Magnitude During Autumn 2000 Bad Weather In Wallis, Switzerland</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bardou, E.</p> <p></p> <p>The triggering of debris flows is a complex phenomenon in which rainfall amount and intensity, antecedent moisture, temperature, etc., play a part. Some interesting <span class="hlt">observations</span> were made during the October 2000 bad weather, particularly about the effects of the 0C isotherm's <span class="hlt">rise</span>. First, a map showing the differential <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the 0C isotherm was drawn. The com- puter performed interpolation was manually corrected to reflect as well as possible the effects of the topography. In parallel, the major part of the territory of the canton of Valais was surveyed, and relative intensities of debris flows were estimated. This means that we took even into account debris flows which didn't cause damages. In concrete terms, the magnitude of the October 2000 events were compared to the size of the older ones (or to the tracks of the past events). Assuming that the climatic situ- ation was an extreme one, we divided the debris flows in 3 classes: debris flows with an abnormal high magnitude, debris flows with an abnormal low magnitude, and de- bris flows with a normal magnitude. Then we compared the relative magnitude of the debris flows with the intensity of the 0C isotherm's <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the same area. The results show a good agreement between these two parameters. Thus, the 0C isotherm's <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a new parameter to be taken into account for the assessment of the debris flow's hazard. The present study <span class="hlt">gives</span> new possibilities for watershed's monitoring.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22092085-analysis-modeling-two-flare-loops-observed-aia-eis','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22092085-analysis-modeling-two-flare-loops-observed-aia-eis"><span>ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF TWO FLARE LOOPS <span class="hlt">OBSERVED</span> BY AIA AND EIS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Li, Y.; Ding, M. D.; Qiu, J.</p> <p>2012-10-10</p> <p>We analyze and model an M1.0 flare <span class="hlt">observed</span> by SDO/AIA and Hinode/EIS to investigate how flare loops are heated and evolve subsequently. The flare is composed of two distinctive loop systems <span class="hlt">observed</span> in extreme ultraviolet (EUV) images. The UV 1600 A emission at the feet of these loops exhibits a rapid <span class="hlt">rise</span>, followed by enhanced emission in different EUV channels <span class="hlt">observed</span> by the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) and the EUV Imaging Spectrometer (EIS). Such behavior is indicative of impulsive energy deposit and the subsequent response in overlying coronal loops that evolve through different temperatures. Using the method we recently developed,more » we infer empirical heating functions from the rapid <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the UV light curves for the two loop systems, respectively, treating them as two big loops with cross-sectional area of 5'' by 5'', and compute the plasma evolution in the loops using the EBTEL model. We compute the synthetic EUV light curves, which, with the limitation of the model, reasonably agree with <span class="hlt">observed</span> light curves obtained in multiple AIA channels and EIS lines: they show the same evolution trend and their magnitudes are comparable by within a factor of two. Furthermore, we also compare the computed mean enthalpy flow velocity with the Doppler shift measurements by EIS during the decay phase of the two loops. Our results suggest that the two different loops with different heating functions as inferred from their footpoint UV emission, combined with their different lengths as measured from imaging <span class="hlt">observations</span>, <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to different coronal plasma evolution patterns captured both in the model and in <span class="hlt">observations</span>.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8589197','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8589197"><span>Temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> in ion-leachable cements during setting reaction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Kanchanavasita, W; Pearson, G J; Anstice, H M</p> <p>1995-11-01</p> <p>Resin-modified ion-leachable cements have been developed for use as aesthetic restorative materials. Their apparent improved physical and handling properties can make them more attractive for use than conventional glass-ionomers. However, they contain monomers which are known to contract on polymerization and produce a polymerization exotherm. This study evaluated the temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> during setting and the rate of dimensional change of several ion-leachable materials. The resin-modified ion-leachable cements demonstrated greater temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> and higher rates of contraction than conventional materials. Generally, the behaviour of these resin-modified materials was similar to that of composite resins. However, some resin-modified cements produced a temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> of up to 20 degrees C during polymerization which was greater than that of the composite resin. This temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> must be taken into account when using the materials in direct contact with dentine in deep cavities without pulp protection. Longer irradiation time than the recommended 20 s did not significantly increase the maximum temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> but slightly extended the time before the temperature started to decline. The temperature of the environment had a significant effect on the rate of dimensional change in some materials. The rate of polymerization contraction of light-activated cements was directly related to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28044387','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28044387"><span><span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fall: Poly(phenyl vinyl ketone) Photopolymerization and Photodegradation under Visible and UV Radiation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reeves, Jennifer A; Allegrezza, Michael L; Konkolewicz, Dominik</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Vinyl ketone polymers, including phenyl vinyl ketone (PVK), are an important class of polymers due to their ability to degrade upon irradiation with ultraviolet light which makes them useful for a variety of applications. However, traditional radical methods for synthesizing PVK polymers <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to poor control or are unable to produce block copolymers. This work uses reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization (RAFT) and photochemistry to polymerize PVK. When visible blue radiation of 440 ± 10 nm is used as the light source for the photopolymerization, rapid polymerization and well-defined polymers are created. This RAFT method uses PVK as both monomer and radical initiator, exciting the PVK mono-mer by 440 ± 10 nm irradiation to avoid the use of an additional radical initiator. Once the poly-mer is synthesized, it is stable against degradation by blue light (440 ± 10 nm), but upon exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation (310 ± 20 nm) significant decrease in molecular weight is <span class="hlt">observed</span>. The degradation is <span class="hlt">observed</span> for all poly(PVK) materials synthesized. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039314','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70039314"><span>Population dynamics of Hawaiian seabird colonies vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Hatfield, Jeff S.; Reynolds, Michelle H.; Seavy, Nathaniel E.; Krause, Crystal M.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Globally, seabirds are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats both at sea and on land. Seabirds typically nest colonially and show strong fidelity to natal colonies, and such colonies on low-lying islands may be threatened by sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. We used French Frigate Shoals, the largest atoll in the Hawaiian Archipelago, as a case study to explore the population dynamics of seabird colonies and the potential effects sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> may have on these rookeries. We compiled historic <span class="hlt">observations</span>, a 30-year time series of seabird population abundance, lidar-derived elevations, and aerial imagery of all the islands of French Frigate Shoals. To estimate the population dynamics of 8 species of breeding seabirds on Tern Island from 1980 to 2009, we used a Gompertz model with a Bayesian approach to infer population growth rates, density dependence, process variation, and <span class="hlt">observation</span> error. All species increased in abundance, in a pattern that provided evidence of density dependence. Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra), Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda), Spectacled Terns (Onychoprion lunatus), and White Terns (Gygis alba) are likely at carrying capacity. Density dependence may exacerbate the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on seabirds because populations near carrying capacity on an island will be more negatively affected than populations with room for growth. We projected 12% of French Frigate Shoals will be inundated if sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> 1 m and 28% if sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> 2 m. Spectacled Terns and shrub-nesting species are especially vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, but seawalls and habitat restoration may mitigate the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Losses of seabird nesting habitat may be substantial in the Hawaiian Islands by 2100 if sea levels <span class="hlt">rise</span> 2 m. Restoration of higher-elevation seabird colonies represent a more enduring conservation solution for Pacific seabirds.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1761b0032A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1761b0032A"><span>Classification of basic facilities for high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential: A survey from 100 housing scheme in Kajang area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ani, Adi Irfan Che; Sairi, Ahmad; Tawil, Norngainy Mohd; Wahab, Siti Rashidah Hanum Abd; Razak, Muhd Zulhanif Abd</p> <p>2016-08-01</p> <p>High demand for housing and limited land in town area has increasing the provision of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential scheme. This type of housing has different owners but share the same land lot and common facilities. Thus, maintenance works of the buildings and common facilities must be well organized. The purpose of this paper is to identify and classify basic facilities for high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential building hoping to improve the management of the scheme. The method adopted is a survey on 100 high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential schemes that ranged from affordable housing to high cost housing by using a snowball sampling. The scope of this research is within Kajang area, which is rapidly developed with high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> housing. The objective of the survey is to list out all facilities in every sample of the schemes. The result confirmed that pre-determined 11 classifications hold true and can provide the realistic classification for high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential scheme. This paper proposed for redefinition of facilities provided to create a better management system and <span class="hlt">give</span> a clear definition on the type of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residential based on its facilities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301017P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301017P"><span>The Global Experience of Deployment of Energy-Efficient Technologies in High-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Potienko, Natalia D.; Kuznetsova, Anna A.; Solyakova, Darya N.; Klyueva, Yulia E.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The objective of this research is to examine issues related to the increasing importance of energy-efficient technologies in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction. The aim of the paper is to investigate modern approaches to building design that involve implementation of various energy-saving technologies in diverse climates and at different structural levels, including the levels of urban development, functionality, planning, construction and engineering. The research methodology is based on the comprehensive analysis of the advanced global expertise in the design and construction of energy-efficient high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings, with the examination of their positive and negative features. The research also defines the basic principles of energy-efficient architecture. Besides, it draws parallels between the climate characteristics of countries that lead in the field of energy-efficient high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction, on the one hand, and the climate in Russia, on the other, which makes it possible to use the vast experience of many countries, wholly or partially. The paper also <span class="hlt">gives</span> an analytical review of the results arrived at by implementing energy efficiency principles into high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> architecture. The study findings determine the impact of energy-efficient technologies on high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> architecture and planning solutions. In conclusion, the research states that, apart from aesthetic and compositional interpretation of architectural forms, an architect nowadays has to address the task of finding a synthesis between technological and architectural solutions, which requires knowledge of advanced technologies. The study findings reveal that the implementation of modern energy-efficient technologies into high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction is of immediate interest and is sure to bring long-term benefits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdWR..114..135S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018AdWR..114..135S"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> tides, <span class="hlt">rising</span> gates: The complex ecogeomorphic response of coastal wetlands to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and human interventions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sandi, Steven G.; Rodríguez, José F.; Saintilan, Neil; Riccardi, Gerardo; Saco, Patricia M.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Coastal wetlands are vulnerable to submergence due to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, as shown by predictions of up to 80% of global wetland loss by the end of the century. Coastal wetlands with mixed mangrove-saltmarsh vegetation are particularly vulnerable because sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> can promote mangrove encroachment on saltmarsh, reducing overall wetland biodiversity. Here we use an ecogeomorphic framework that incorporates hydrodynamic effects, mangrove-saltmarsh dynamics, and soil accretion processes to assess the effects of control structures on wetland evolution. Migration and accretion patterns of mangrove and saltmarsh are heavily dependent on topography and control structures. We find that current management practices that incorporate a fixed gate for the control of mangrove encroachment are useful initially, but soon become ineffective due to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Raising the gate, to counteract the effects of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and promote suitable hydrodynamic conditions, excludes mangrove and maintains saltmarsh over the entire simulation period of 100 years</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MarGR..38..169Z','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MarGR..38..169Z"><span>Morphology of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> oceanic plateau from high resolution bathymetry</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Zhang, Jinchang; Sager, William W.; Durkin, William J.</p> <p>2017-06-01</p> <p>Newly collected, high resolution multi-beam sonar data are combined with previous bathymetry data to produce an improved bathymetric map of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> oceanic plateau. Bathymetry data show that two massifs within Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> are immense central volcanoes with gentle flank slopes declining from a central summit. Tamu Massif is a slightly elongated, dome-like volcanic edifice; Ori Massif is square shaped and smaller in area. Several down-to-basin normal faults are <span class="hlt">observed</span> on the western flank of the massifs but they do not parallel the magnetic lineations, indicating that these faults are probably not related to spreading ridge faulting. Moreover, the faults are <span class="hlt">observed</span> only on one side of the massifs, which is contrary to expectations from a mechanism of differential subsidence around the massif center. Multi-beam data show many small secondary cones with different shapes and sizes that are widely-distributed on Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> massifs, which imply small late-stage magma sources scattered across the surface of the volcanoes in the form of lava flows or explosive volcanism. Erosional channels occur on the flanks of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> volcanoes due to mass wasting and display evidence of down-slope sediment movement. These channels are likely formed by sediments spalling off the edges of summit sediment cap.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97h5307S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PhRvB..97h5307S"><span>Direct <span class="hlt">observation</span> of the orbital spin Kondo effect in gallium arsenide quantum dots</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shang, Ru-Nan; Zhang, Ting; Cao, Gang; Li, Hai-Ou; Xiao, Ming; Guo, Guang-Can; Guo, Guo-Ping</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Besides the spin Kondo effect, other degrees of freedom can <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the pseudospin Kondo effect. We report a direct <span class="hlt">observation</span> of the orbital spin Kondo effect in a series-coupled gallium arsenide (GaAs) double quantum dot device where orbital degrees act as pseudospin. Electron occupation in both dots induces a pseudospin Kondo effect. In a region of one net spin impurity, complete spectra with three resonance peaks are <span class="hlt">observed</span>. Furthermore, we <span class="hlt">observe</span> a pseudo-Zeeman effect and demonstrate its electrical controllability for the artificial pseudospin in this orbital spin Kondo process via gate voltage control. The fourfold degeneracy point is realized at a specific value supplemented by spin degeneracy, indicating a transition from the SU(2) to the SU(4) Kondo effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.451.2212G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015MNRAS.451.2212G"><span>The <span class="hlt">rise</span>-time of Type II supernovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>González-Gaitán, S.; Tominaga, N.; Molina, J.; Galbany, L.; Bufano, F.; Anderson, J. P.; Gutierrez, C.; Förster, F.; Pignata, G.; Bersten, M.; Howell, D. A.; Sullivan, M.; Carlberg, R.; de Jaeger, T.; Hamuy, M.; Baklanov, P. V.; Blinnikov, S. I.</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>We investigate the early-time light curves of a large sample of 223 Type II supernovae (SNe II) from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the Supernova Legacy Survey. Having a cadence of a few days and sufficient non-detections prior to explosion, we constrain <span class="hlt">rise</span>-times, i.e. the durations from estimated first to maximum light, as a function of effective wavelength. At rest-frame g' band (λeff = 4722 Å), we find a distribution of fast <span class="hlt">rise</span>-times with median of (7.5 ± 0.3) d. Comparing these durations with analytical shock models of Rabinak & Waxman and Nakar & Sari, and hydrodynamical models of Tominaga et al., which are mostly sensitive to progenitor radius at these epochs, we find a median characteristic radius of less than 400 solar radii. The inferred radii are on average much smaller than the radii obtained for <span class="hlt">observed</span> red supergiants (RSG). Investigating the post-maximum slopes as a function of effective wavelength in the light of theoretical models, we find that massive hydrogen envelopes are still needed to explain the plateaus of SNe II. We therefore argue that the SN II <span class="hlt">rise</span>-times we <span class="hlt">observe</span> are either (a) the shock cooling resulting from the core collapse of RSG with small and dense envelopes, or (b) the delayed and prolonged shock breakout of the collapse of an RSG with an extended atmosphere or embedded within pre-SN circumstellar material.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/pdf/circ1392.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1392/pdf/circ1392.pdf"><span>Land subsidence and relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the southern Chesapeake Bay region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Eggleston, Jack; Pope, Jason</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The southern Chesapeake Bay region is experiencing land subsidence and <span class="hlt">rising</span> water levels due to global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>; land subsidence and <span class="hlt">rising</span> water levels combine to cause relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Land subsidence has been <span class="hlt">observed</span> since the 1940s in the southern Chesapeake Bay region at rates of 1.1 to 4.8 millimeters per year (mm/yr), and subsidence continues today. This land subsidence helps explain why the region has the highest rates of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the Atlantic Coast of the United States. Data indicate that land subsidence has been responsible for more than half the relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> measured in the region. Land subsidence increases the risk of flooding in low-lying areas, which in turn has important economic, environmental, and human health consequences for the heavily populated and ecologically important southern Chesapeake Bay region. The aquifer system in the region has been compacted by extensive groundwater pumping in the region at rates of 1.5- to 3.7-mm/yr; this compaction accounts for more than half of <span class="hlt">observed</span> land subsidence in the region. Glacial isostatic adjustment, or the flexing of the Earth’s crust in response to glacier formation and melting, also likely contributes to land subsidence in the region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12816093','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12816093"><span>[The <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall of an physician entrepreneur].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Dörnyei, Sándor</p> <p>2002-01-01</p> <p>In 1927 one of the most up-to-date and most beautiful sanatoriums of Central Europe was built on the hills of Buda by László Jakab MD (1875-1940), who at that time had already run - since 1909 - a successful health-resort, the rather popular and successful "Liget-Sanatorium": following a period of expansion and flourishing, his enterprise bankrupted. (The building itself was renewed after World War II - it served first as a hospital for tuberculosis patients and later as a university clinic for internal medicine.) This article tells the story of an entrepreneur physician, including his former and more successful attempts to run a health-care business, and <span class="hlt">gives</span> detailed account of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall of private health-resort in prewar Hungary.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146901','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29146901"><span>Genome-driven evolutionary game theory helps understand the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of metabolic interdependencies in microbial communities.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zomorrodi, Ali R; Segrè, Daniel</p> <p>2017-11-16</p> <p>Metabolite exchanges in microbial communities <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to ecological interactions that govern ecosystem diversity and stability. It is unclear, however, how the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of these interactions varies across metabolites and organisms. Here we address this question by integrating genome-scale models of metabolism with evolutionary game theory. Specifically, we use microbial fitness values estimated by metabolic models to infer evolutionarily stable interactions in multi-species microbial "games". We first validate our approach using a well-characterized yeast cheater-cooperator system. We next perform over 80,000 in silico experiments to infer how metabolic interdependencies mediated by amino acid leakage in Escherichia coli vary across 189 amino acid pairs. While most pairs display shared patterns of inter-species interactions, multiple deviations are caused by pleiotropy and epistasis in metabolism. Furthermore, simulated invasion experiments reveal possible paths to obligate cross-feeding. Our study provides genomically driven insight into the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of ecological interactions, with implications for microbiome research and synthetic ecology.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24331305','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24331305"><span>Role-modeling and conversations about <span class="hlt">giving</span> in the socialization of adolescent charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark; Estell, David B; Perdue, Neil H</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This study investigated the relationship between the monetary <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering behavior of adolescents and the role-modeling and conversations about <span class="hlt">giving</span> provided by their parents. The participants are a large nationally-representative sample of 12-18 year-olds from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Child Development Supplement (n = 1244). Adolescents reported whether they gave money and whether they volunteered. In a separate interview parents reported whether they talked to their adolescent about <span class="hlt">giving</span>. In a third interview, parents reported whether they gave money and volunteered. The results show that both role-modeling and conversations about <span class="hlt">giving</span> are strongly related to adolescents' <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering. Knowing that both role-modeling and conversation are strongly related to adolescents' <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering suggests an often over-looked way for practitioners and policy-makers to nurture <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering among adults: start earlier, during adolescence, by guiding parents in their role-modeling of, and conversations about, charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering. Copyright © 2013 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051488','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29051488"><span>Coralgal reef morphology records punctuated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> during the last deglaciation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Khanna, Pankaj; Droxler, André W; Nittrouer, Jeffrey A; Tunnell, John W; Shirley, Thomas C</p> <p>2017-10-19</p> <p>Coralgal reefs preserve the signatures of sea-level fluctuations over Earth's history, in particular since the Last Glacial Maximum 20,000 years ago, and are used in this study to indicate that punctuated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> events are more common than previously <span class="hlt">observed</span> during the last deglaciation. Recognizing the nature of past sea-level <span class="hlt">rises</span> (i.e., gradual or stepwise) during deglaciation is critical for informing models that predict future vertical behavior of global oceans. Here we present high-resolution bathymetric and seismic sonar data sets of 10 morphologically similar drowned reefs that grew during the last deglaciation and spread 120 km apart along the south Texas shelf edge. Herein, six commonly <span class="hlt">observed</span> terrace levels are interpreted to be generated by several punctuated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> events forcing the reefs to shrink and backstep through time. These systematic and common terraces are interpreted to record punctuated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> events over timescales of decades to centuries during the last deglaciation, previously recognized only during the late Holocene.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol5-sec375-513.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title49-vol5/pdf/CFR-2010-title49-vol5-sec375-513.pdf"><span>49 CFR 375.513 - Must I <span class="hlt">give</span> the individual shipper an opportunity to <span class="hlt">observe</span> the weighing?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-10-01</p> <p>... MOTOR CARRIER SAFETY REGULATIONS TRANSPORTATION OF HOUSEHOLD GOODS IN INTERSTATE COMMERCE; CONSUMER PROTECTION REGULATIONS Pick Up of Shipments of Household Goods Weighing the Shipment § 375.513 Must I <span class="hlt">give</span>...</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_4");'>4</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li class="active"><span>6</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_6 --> <div id="page_7" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="121"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624702','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22624702"><span>Population dynamics of Hawaiian seabird colonies vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hatfield, Jeff S; Reynolds, Michelle H; Seavy, Nathaniel E; Krause, Crystal M</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>Globally, seabirds are vulnerable to anthropogenic threats both at sea and on land. Seabirds typically nest colonially and show strong fidelity to natal colonies, and such colonies on low-lying islands may be threatened by sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. We used French Frigate Shoals, the largest atoll in the Hawaiian Archipelago, as a case study to explore the population dynamics of seabird colonies and the potential effects sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> may have on these rookeries. We compiled historic <span class="hlt">observations</span>, a 30-year time series of seabird population abundance, lidar-derived elevations, and aerial imagery of all the islands of French Frigate Shoals. To estimate the population dynamics of 8 species of breeding seabirds on Tern Island from 1980 to 2009, we used a Gompertz model with a Bayesian approach to infer population growth rates, density dependence, process variation, and <span class="hlt">observation</span> error. All species increased in abundance, in a pattern that provided evidence of density dependence. Great Frigatebirds (Fregata minor), Masked Boobies (Sula dactylatra), Red-tailed Tropicbirds (Phaethon rubricauda), Spectacled Terns (Onychoprion lunatus), and White Terns (Gygis alba) are likely at carrying capacity. Density dependence may exacerbate the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on seabirds because populations near carrying capacity on an island will be more negatively affected than populations with room for growth. We projected 12% of French Frigate Shoals will be inundated if sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> 1 m and 28% if sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> 2 m. Spectacled Terns and shrub-nesting species are especially vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, but seawalls and habitat restoration may mitigate the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Losses of seabird nesting habitat may be substantial in the Hawaiian Islands by 2100 if sea levels <span class="hlt">rise</span> 2 m. Restoration of higher-elevation seabird colonies represent a more enduring conservation solution for Pacific seabirds. Conservation Biology ©2012 Society for Conservation Biology. No claim to original</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679997-non-gaussianities-due-relativistic-corrections-observed-galaxy-bispectrum','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22679997-non-gaussianities-due-relativistic-corrections-observed-galaxy-bispectrum"><span>Non-Gaussianities due to relativistic corrections to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> galaxy bispectrum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Dio, E. Di; Perrier, H.; Durrer, R.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>High-precision constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (PNG) will significantly improve our understanding of the physics of the early universe. Among all the subtleties in using large scale structure <span class="hlt">observables</span> to constrain PNG, accounting for relativistic corrections to the clustering statistics is particularly important for the upcoming galaxy surveys covering progressively larger fraction of the sky. We focus on relativistic projection effects due to the fact that we <span class="hlt">observe</span> the galaxies through the light that reaches the telescope on perturbed geodesics. These projection effects can <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to an effective f {sub NL} that can be misinterpreted as the primordial non-Gaussianity signalmore » and hence is a systematic to be carefully computed and accounted for in modelling of the bispectrum. We develop the technique to properly account for relativistic effects in terms of purely <span class="hlt">observable</span> quantities, namely angles and redshifts. We <span class="hlt">give</span> some examples by applying this approach to a subset of the contributions to the tree-level bispectrum of the <span class="hlt">observed</span> galaxy number counts calculated within perturbation theory and estimate the corresponding non-Gaussianity parameter, f {sub NL}, for the local, equilateral and orthogonal shapes. For the local shape, we also compute the local non-Gaussianity resulting from terms obtained using the consistency relation for <span class="hlt">observed</span> number counts. Our goal here is not to <span class="hlt">give</span> a precise estimate of f {sub NL} for each shape but rather we aim to provide a scheme to compute the non-Gaussian contamination due to relativistic projection effects. For the terms considered in this work, we obtain contamination of f {sub NL}{sup loc} ∼ O(1).« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3758961','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3758961"><span>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> caused by climate change and its implications for society</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>MIMURA, Nobuo</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a major effect of climate change. It has drawn international attention, because higher sea levels in the future would cause serious impacts in various parts of the world. There are questions associated with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> which science needs to answer. To what extent did climate change contribute to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the past? How much will global mean sea level increase in the future? How serious are the impacts of the anticipated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> likely to be, and can human society respond to them? This paper aims to answer these questions through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. First, the present status of <span class="hlt">observed</span> sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, analyses of its causes, and future projections are summarized. Then the impacts are examined along with other consequences of climate change, from both global and Japanese perspectives. Finally, responses to adverse impacts will be discussed in order to clarify the implications of the sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> issue for human society. PMID:23883609</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM42A..04U','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM42A..04U"><span>MMS <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Harmonic Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Usanova, M.; Ahmadi, N.; Ergun, R.; Trattner, K. J.; Fuselier, S. A.; Torbert, R. B.; Mauk, B.; Le Contel, O.; Giles, B. L.; Russell, C. T.; Burch, J.; Strangeway, R. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Harmonically related electromagnetic ion cyclotron waves with the fundamental frequency near the O+ cyclotron frequency were <span class="hlt">observed</span> by the four MMS spacecraft on May 20, 2016. The wave activity was detected by the spacecraft on their inbound passage through the Earth's morning magnetosphere during generally quiet geomagnetic conditions but enhanced solar wind dynamic pressure. It was also associated with an enhancement of energetic H+ and O+ ions. The waves are seen in both magnetic and electric fields, formed by over ten higher order harmonics, most pronounced in the electric field. The wave activity lasted for about an hour with some wave packets <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to short-lived structures extending from Hz to kHz range. These <span class="hlt">observations</span> are particularly interesting since they suggest cross-frequency coupling between the lower and higher frequency modes. Further work will focus on examining the nature and role of these waves in the energetic particle dynamics from a theoretical perspective.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7942P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016EGUGA..18.7942P"><span>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from the Greenland Ice Sheet during the Eemian interglacial: Review of previous work with focus on the surface mass balance</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Plach, Andreas; Hestnes Nisancioglu, Kerim</p> <p>2016-04-01</p> <p>The contribution from the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) to the global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> during the Eemian interglacial (about 125,000 year ago) was the focus of many studies in the past. A main reason for the interest in this period is the considerable warmer climate during the Eemian which is often seen as an equivalent for possible future climate conditions. Simulated sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> during the Eemian can therefore be used to better understand a possible future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The most recent assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5) <span class="hlt">gives</span> an overview of several studies and discusses the possible implications for a future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The report also reveals the big differences between these studies in terms of simulated GIS extent and corresponding sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The present study <span class="hlt">gives</span> a more exhaustive review of previous work discussing sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from the GIS during the Eemian interglacial. The smallest extents of the GIS simulated by various authors are shown and summarized. A focus is thereby given to the methods used to calculate the surface mass balance. A hypothesis of the present work is that the varying results of the previous studies can largely be explained due to the various methods used to calculate the surface mass balance. In addition, as a first step for future work, the surface mass balance of the GIS for a proxy-data derived forcing ("index method") and a direct forcing with a General Circulation Model (GCM) are shown and discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-as15-88-11863.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-as15-88-11863.html"><span>Astronaut David Scott <span class="hlt">gives</span> salute beside U.S. flag during EVA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1971-08-01</p> <p>AS15-88-11863 (1 Aug. 1971) --- Astronaut David R. Scott, commander, <span class="hlt">gives</span> a military salute while standing beside the deployed United States flag during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The flag was deployed toward the end of EVA-2. The Lunar Module (LM), "Falcon," is partially visible on the right. Hadley Delta in the background <span class="hlt">rises</span> approximately 4,000 meters (about 13,124 feet) above the plain. The base of the mountain is approximately 5 kilometers (about three statue miles) away. This photograph was taken by astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot. While astronauts Scott and Irwin descended in the LM to explore the moon, astronaut Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot, remained in lunar orbit in the Command and Service Modules (CSM).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730002085','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19730002085"><span><span class="hlt">Observation</span> of Lyman-alpha emission in interplanetary space</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bertaux, J. L.; Blamont, J. E.</p> <p>1972-01-01</p> <p>The extraterrestrial Lyman-alpha emission was mapped by the OGO 5 satellite, when it was outside the geocorona. Three maps, obtained at different periods of the year, are presented and analyzed. The results suggest that at least half of the emission takes place in the solar system, and <span class="hlt">give</span> strong support to the theory that in its motion toward the apex, the sun crosses neutral atomic hydrogen of interstellar origin, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to an apparent interstellar wind.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180001313','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20180001313"><span>Chapter 12: Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sweet, W. V.; Horton, R.; Kopp, R. E.; LeGrande, A. N.; Romanou, A.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Global mean sea level (GMSL) has risen by about 7-8 inches (about 16-21 cm) since 1900, with about 3 of those inches (about 7 cm) occurring since 1993. Human-caused climate change has made a substantial contribution to GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> since 1900, contributing to a rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> that is greater than during any preceding century in at least 2,800 years. Relative to the year 2000, GMSL is very likely to <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 0.3-0.6 feet (9-18 cm) by 2030, 0.5-1.2 feet (15-38 cm) by 2050, and 1.0-4.3 feet (30-130 cm) by 2100. Future pathways have little effect on projected GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the first half of the century, but significantly affect projections for the second half of the century. Emerging science regarding Antarctic ice sheet stability suggests that, for high emission scenarios, a GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> exceeding 8 feet (2.4 m) by 2100 is physically possible, although the probability of such an extreme outcome cannot currently be assessed. Regardless of pathway, it is extremely likely that GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> will continue beyond 2100. Relative sea level (RSL) <span class="hlt">rise</span> in this century will vary along U.S. coastlines due, in part, to changes in Earth's gravitational field and rotation from melting of land ice, changes in ocean circulation, and vertical land motion (very high confidence). For almost all future GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios, RSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> is likely to be greater than the global average in the U.S. Northeast and the western Gulf of Mexico. In intermediate and low GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios, RSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> is likely to be less than the global average in much of the Pacific Northwest and Alaska. For high GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios, RSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> is likely to be higher than the global average along all U.S. coastlines outside Alaska. Almost all U.S. coastlines experience more than global mean sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in response to Antarctic ice loss, and thus would be particularly affected under extreme GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios involving substantial Antarctic mass loss. As sea levels have risen, the number of tidal floods each year that cause minor</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-41g-39-0044.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-41g-39-0044.html"><span>STS-41G earth <span class="hlt">observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1984-10-07</p> <p>41G-39-044 (5-13 Oct 1984) --- "Flatirons", cumulonimbus clouds that have flattened out at a high altitude, the result of rapidly <span class="hlt">rising</span> moist air. At a given altitude, depending on the temperature, wind, and humidity, the cloud mass can no longer <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the wind aloft shears the cloud. Central Nigeria, an area in which tropical rain forest <span class="hlt">gives</span> way to dryer savannah lands, lies beneath a layer a heavy haze and smoke. The crew consisted of astronauts Robert L. Crippen, commander; Jon A. McBride, pilot; mission specialist's Kathryn D. Sullivan, Sally K. Ride, and David D. Leestma; Canadian astronaut Marc Garneau, and Paul D. Scully-Power, payload specialist's.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540191','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27540191"><span>HELPING PARENTS/CARERS TO <span class="hlt">GIVE</span> MEDICINES TO CHILDREN IN HOSPITAL.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Williams, Lauren; Caldwell, Neil; Collins, Elizabeth</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Medicines given to children in hospital are often prepared, checked and administered by two-registered nurses. Children are more likely to accept medicines given by a parent/carer1 but many hospital policies do not support such practice. Indeed the Trusts Medicines Management Policy allows single person medicines administration, except for children, but does not specify how medicine preparation and administration should take place or who should witness this. Our aim was to identify ways of increasing parent/carer involvement in <span class="hlt">giving</span> medicines to children in hospital. ▸ Measure time delays with the current administration process▸ Identify obstacles that may prevent parent/carer involvement in <span class="hlt">giving</span> medicines▸ Identify how to overcome potential/perceived problems with parent involvement▸ Determine parent/carer opinions of their involvement in <span class="hlt">giving</span> medicines▸ Assess single nurse checking and parent administration of medicines Drug rounds were <span class="hlt">observed</span> to identify time delays in medicines administration. A list of nineteen low risk medicines was proposed for parent administration with single nurse preparation. Focus groups were conducted, using structured questions, to get healthcare professionals perspective on the proposed changes and to approve a list of low risk medicines. Parents/carers were invited to complete a questionnaire regarding their involvement. Following Drug and Therapeutics Committee approval, parents/carers administered medicines with single nurse preparation during a trial period. Administration of twenty-one medicines was <span class="hlt">observed</span> under current practice. Delays were <span class="hlt">observed</span> in all cases: average delay 6.5 minutes. Delays of 10 minutes were <span class="hlt">observed</span> due to children fighting against having medicines administered by a nurse. Delays in 28% of cases were due to getting another nurse to check the preparation and seventeen of the twenty-one medicines <span class="hlt">observed</span> where not in the medicines locker. Such delays often lead to parents</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585924','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4585924"><span>Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Prototheca wickerhamii plastid genome sequences <span class="hlt">give</span> insight into the origins of non-photosynthetic algae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Yan, Dong; Wang, Yun; Murakami, Tatsuya; Shen, Yue; Gong, Jianhui; Jiang, Huifeng; Smith, David R.; Pombert, Jean-Francois; Dai, Junbiao; Wu, Qingyu</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The forfeiting of photosynthetic capabilities has occurred independently many times throughout eukaryotic evolution. But almost all non-photosynthetic plants and algae still retain a colorless plastid and an associated genome, which performs fundamental processes apart from photosynthesis. Unfortunately, little is known about the forces leading to photosynthetic loss; this is largely because there is a lack of data from transitional species. Here, we compare the plastid genomes of two “transitional” green algae: the photosynthetic, mixotrophic Auxenochlorella protothecoides and the non-photosynthetic, obligate heterotroph Prototheca wickerhamii. Remarkably, the plastid genome of A. protothecoides is only slightly larger than that of P. wickerhamii, making it among the smallest plastid genomes yet <span class="hlt">observed</span> from photosynthetic green algae. Even more surprising, both algae have almost identical plastid genomic architectures and gene compositions (with the exception of genes involved in photosynthesis), implying that they are closely related. This close relationship was further supported by phylogenetic and substitution rate analyses, which suggest that the lineages <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to A. protothecoides and P. wickerhamii diverged from one another around six million years ago. PMID:26403826</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26403826','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26403826"><span>Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Prototheca wickerhamii plastid genome sequences <span class="hlt">give</span> insight into the origins of non-photosynthetic algae.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yan, Dong; Wang, Yun; Murakami, Tatsuya; Shen, Yue; Gong, Jianhui; Jiang, Huifeng; Smith, David R; Pombert, Jean-Francois; Dai, Junbiao; Wu, Qingyu</p> <p>2015-09-25</p> <p>The forfeiting of photosynthetic capabilities has occurred independently many times throughout eukaryotic evolution. But almost all non-photosynthetic plants and algae still retain a colorless plastid and an associated genome, which performs fundamental processes apart from photosynthesis. Unfortunately, little is known about the forces leading to photosynthetic loss; this is largely because there is a lack of data from transitional species. Here, we compare the plastid genomes of two "transitional" green algae: the photosynthetic, mixotrophic Auxenochlorella protothecoides and the non-photosynthetic, obligate heterotroph Prototheca wickerhamii. Remarkably, the plastid genome of A. protothecoides is only slightly larger than that of P. wickerhamii, making it among the smallest plastid genomes yet <span class="hlt">observed</span> from photosynthetic green algae. Even more surprising, both algae have almost identical plastid genomic architectures and gene compositions (with the exception of genes involved in photosynthesis), implying that they are closely related. This close relationship was further supported by phylogenetic and substitution rate analyses, which suggest that the lineages <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to A. protothecoides and P. wickerhamii diverged from one another around six million years ago.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23883609','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23883609"><span>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> caused by climate change and its implications for society.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mimura, Nobuo</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a major effect of climate change. It has drawn international attention, because higher sea levels in the future would cause serious impacts in various parts of the world. There are questions associated with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> which science needs to answer. To what extent did climate change contribute to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the past? How much will global mean sea level increase in the future? How serious are the impacts of the anticipated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> likely to be, and can human society respond to them? This paper aims to answer these questions through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature. First, the present status of <span class="hlt">observed</span> sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, analyses of its causes, and future projections are summarized. Then the impacts are examined along with other consequences of climate change, from both global and Japanese perspectives. Finally, responses to adverse impacts will be discussed in order to clarify the implications of the sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> issue for human society.(Communicated by Kiyoshi HORIKAWA, M.J.A.).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Volunteering&pg=3&id=EJ988155','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Volunteering&pg=3&id=EJ988155"><span>The Effect of Media on Charitable <span class="hlt">Giving</span> and Volunteering: Evidence from the "<span class="hlt">Give</span> Five" Campaign</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yoruk, Baris K.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Fundraising campaigns advertised via mass media are common. To what extent such campaigns affect charitable behavior is mostly unknown, however. Using <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering surveys conducted biennially from 1988 to 1996, I investigate the effect of a national fundraising campaign, "<span class="hlt">Give</span> Five," on charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> and volunteering patterns. The…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..12210459W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JGRB..12210459W"><span>GRACE Detected <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Groundwater in the Sahelian Niger River Basin</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Werth, S.; White, D.; Bliss, D. W.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>West African regions along the Niger River experience climate and land cover changes that affect hydrological processes and therewith the distribution of fresh water resources (WR). This study provides an investigation of long-term changes in terrestrial water storages (TWS) of the Niger River basin and its subregions by analyzing a decade of satellite gravity data from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) mission. The location of large trends in TWS maps of differently processed GRACE solutions points to <span class="hlt">rising</span> groundwater stocks. Soil moisture data from a global land surface model allow separating the effect of significantly increasing amount of WR from that of TWS variations. Surface water variations from a global water storage model validated with <span class="hlt">observations</span> from altimetry data were applied to estimate the groundwater component in WR. For the whole Niger, a <span class="hlt">rise</span> in groundwater stocks is estimated to be 93 ± 61 km3 between January 2003 and December 2013. A careful analysis of uncertainties in all data sets supports the significance of the groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Our results confirm previous <span class="hlt">observations</span> of <span class="hlt">rising</span> water tables, indicating that effects of land cover changes on groundwater storage are relevant on basin scales. Areas with <span class="hlt">rising</span> water storage are stocking a comfortable backup to mitigate possible future droughts and to deliver water to remote areas. This has implications for Niger water management strategies. Increasing groundwater recharges may be accompanied by reduction in water quality. This study helps to inform authority's decision to mitigate its negative impacts on local communities.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=agricultural+AND+engineering&pg=6&id=EJ779064','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=agricultural+AND+engineering&pg=6&id=EJ779064"><span>Community Support <span class="hlt">Gives</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to New Penta Career Center</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>McCulloch, Michelle</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>For more than 40 years, Penta Career Center in Perrysburg, Ohio, has successfully served thousands of high school students and adults from Northwest Ohio. Calling a converted 1949 United States Army Depot building home, Penta serves students from 16 surrounding school districts, and offers programs in six core areas: arts and communications;…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4400236','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4400236"><span>Different Selection Pressures <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Distinct Ethnic Phenomena</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Moya, Cristina; Boyd, Robert</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Many accounts of ethnic phenomena imply that processes such as stereotyping, essentialism, ethnocentrism, and intergroup hostility stem from a unitary adaptation for reasoning about groups. This is partly justified by the phenomena’s co-occurrence in correlational studies. Here we argue that these behaviors are better modeled as functionally independent adaptations that arose in response to different selection pressures throughout human evolution. As such, different mechanisms may be triggered by different group boundaries within a single society. We illustrate this functionalist framework using ethnographic work from the Quechua-Aymara language boundary in the Peruvian Altiplano. We show that different group boundaries motivate different ethnic phenomena. For example, people have strong stereotypes about socioeconomic categories, which are not cooperative units, whereas they hold fewer stereotypes about communities, which are the primary focus of cooperative activity. We also show that, despite the cross-cultural importance of ethnolinguistic boundaries, the Quechua-Aymara linguistic distinction does not strongly motivate any of these intergroup processes. PMID:25731969</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.U23A..04K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.U23A..04K"><span>The Climate Science Special Report: <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Seas and Changing Oceans</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kopp, R. E.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>GMSL has risen by about 16-21 cm since 1900. Ocean heat content has increased at all depths since the 1960s, and global mean sea-surface temperature increased 0.7°C/century between 1900 to 2016. Human activity contributed substantially to generating a rate of GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> since 1900 faster than during any preceding century in at least 2800 years. A new set of six sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios, spanning a range from 30 cm to 250 cm of 21st century GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span>, were developed for the CSSR. The lower scenario is based on linearly extrapolating the past two decades' rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The upper scenario is informed by literature estimates of maximum physically plausible values, <span class="hlt">observations</span> indicating the onset of marine ice sheet instability in parts of West Antarctica, and modeling of ice-cliff and ice-shelf instability mechanisms. The new scenarios include localized projections along US coastlines. There is significant variability around the US, with rates of <span class="hlt">rise</span> likely greater than GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the US Northeast and the western Gulf of Mexico. Under scenarios involving extreme Antarctic contributions, regional <span class="hlt">rise</span> would be greater than GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> along almost all US coastlines. Historical sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> has already driven a 5- to 10-fold increase in minor tidal flooding in several US coastal cities since the 1960s. Under the CSSR's Intermediate sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenario (1.0 m of GMSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> in 2100) , a majority of NOAA tide gauge locations will by 2040 experience the historical 5-year coastal flood about 5 times per year. Ocean changes are not limited to <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels. Ocean pH is decreasing at a rate that may be unparalleled in the last 66 million years. Along coastlines, ocean acidification can be enhanced by changes in the upwelling (particularly along the US Pacific Coast); by episodic, climate change-enhanced increases in freshwater input (particularly along the US Atlantic Coast); and by the enhancement of biological respiration by nutrient runoff. Climate models project</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMED13C0621G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMED13C0621G"><span>MRO's Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Education and Public Outreach during the Primary Science Phase</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gulick, V. C.; Davatzes, A. K.; Deardorff, G.; Kanefsky, B.; Conrad, L. B.; HiRISE Team</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Looking back over one Mars year, we report on the accomplishments of the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> EPO program during the primary science phase of MRO. A highlight has been our student image suggestion program, conducted in association with NASA Quest as Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Image Challenges (http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/challenges/hirise/). During challenges, students, either individually or as part of a collaborative classroom or group, learn about Mars through our webcasts, web chats and our educational material. They use HiWeb, Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>'s image suggestion facility, to submit image suggestions and include a short rationale for why their target is scientifically interesting. The Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> team <span class="hlt">gives</span> priority to obtaining a sampling of these suggestions as quickly as possible so that the acquired images can be examined by the students. During the challenge, a special password-protected web site allows participants to view their returned images before they are released to the public (http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/hirise/quest/). Students are encouraged to write captions for the returned images. Finished captions are then posted and highlighted on the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> web site (http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu) along with their class, teacher's name and the name of their school. Through these Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> challenges, students and teachers become virtual science team members, participating in the same process (selecting and justifying targets, analyzing and writing captions for acquired images), and using the same software tools as the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> team. Such an experience is unique among planetary exploration EPO programs. To date, we have completed three Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> challenges and a fourth is currently ongoing. More than 200 image suggestions were submitted during the previous challenges and over 85 of these image requests have been acquired so far. Over 675 participants from 45 states and 42 countries have registered for the previous challenges. These participants represent over 8000 students in grades 2 through 14 and consist</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA22115.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-PIA22115.html"><span>Fifty Years of Mars Imaging: from Mariner 4 to Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-11-20</p> <p>This image from NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) shows Mars' surface in detail. Mars has captured the imagination of astronomers for thousands of years, but it wasn't until the last half a century that we were able to capture images of its surface in detail. This particular site on Mars was first imaged in 1965 by the Mariner 4 spacecraft during the first successful fly-by mission to Mars. From an altitude of around 10,000 kilometers, this image (the ninth frame taken) achieved a resolution of approximately 1.25 kilometers per pixel. Since then, this location has been <span class="hlt">observed</span> by six other visible cameras producing images with varying resolutions and sizes. This includes Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> (highlighted in yellow), which is the highest-resolution and has the smallest "footprint." This compilation, spanning Mariner 4 to Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>, shows each image at full-resolution. Beginning with Viking 1 and ending with our Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> image, this animation documents the historic imaging of a particular site on another world. In 1976, the Viking 1 orbiter began imaging Mars in unprecedented detail, and by 1980 had successfully mosaicked the planet at approximately 230 meters per pixel. In 1999, the Mars Orbiter Camera onboard the Mars Global Surveyor (1996) also imaged this site with its Wide Angle lens, at around 236 meters per pixel. This was followed by the Thermal Emission Imaging System on Mars Odyssey (2001), which also provided a visible camera producing the image we see here at 17 meters per pixel. Later in 2012, the High-Resolution Stereo Camera on the Mars Express orbiter (2003) captured this image of the surface at 25 meters per pixel. In 2010, the Context Camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (2005) imaged this site at about 5 meters per pixel. Finally, in 2017, Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> acquired the highest resolution image of this location to date at 50 centimeters per pixel. When seen at this unprecedented scale, we can discern a crater floor strewn with small rocky deposits, boulders several</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_5");'>5</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li class="active"><span>7</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_7 --> <div id="page_8" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="141"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121488','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121488"><span>Potential effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on coastal wetlands in southeastern Louisiana</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Glick, Patty; Clough, Jonathan; Polaczyk, Amy; Couvillion, Brady R.; Nunley, Brad</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Coastal Louisiana wetlands contain about 37% of the estuarine herbaceous marshes in the conterminous United States. The long-term stability of coastal wetlands is often a function of a wetland's ability to maintain elevation equilibrium with mean sea level through processes such as primary production and sediment accretion. However, Louisiana has sustained more coastal wetland loss than all other states in the continental United States combined due to a combination of natural and anthropogenic factors, including sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. This study investigates the potential impact of current and accelerating sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates on key coastal wetland habitats in southeastern Louisiana using the Sea Level Affecting Marshes Model (SLAMM). Model calibration was conducted using a 1956–2007 <span class="hlt">observation</span> period and hindcasting results predicted 35% versus <span class="hlt">observed</span> 39% total marsh loss. Multiple sea-level-<span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios were then simulated for the period of 2007–2100. Results indicate a range of potential wetland losses by 2100, from an additional 2,188.97 km2 (218,897 ha, 9% of the 2007 wetland area) under the lowest sea-level-<span class="hlt">rise</span> scenario (0.34 m), to a potential loss of 5,875.27 km2 (587,527 ha, 24% of the 2007 wetland area) in the highest sea-level-<span class="hlt">rise</span> scenario (1.9 m). Model results suggest that one area of particular concern is the potential vulnerability of the region's baldcypress-water tupelo (Taxodium distichum-Nyssa aquatica) swamp habitat, much of which is projected to become permanently flooded (affecting regeneration) under all modeled scenarios for sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. These findings will aid in the development of ecosystem management plans that support the processes and conditions that result in sustainable coastal ecosystems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P21D..05W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P21D..05W"><span>Diversity of Rock Compositions at Gale Crater <span class="hlt">Observed</span> by ChemCam and APXS on Curiosity, and Comparison to Meteorite and Orbital <span class="hlt">Observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Wiens, R. C.; Maurice, S.; Grotzinger, J. P.; Gellert, R.; Mangold, N.; Sautter, V.; Ollila, A.; Dyar, M. D.; Le Mouelic, S.; Ehlmann, B. L.; Clegg, S. M.; Lanza, N.; Cousin, A.; Forni, O.; Gasnault, O.; Lasue, J.; Blaney, D. L.; Newsom, H. E.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Anderson, R. B.; D'Uston, L.; Bridges, N. T.; Fabre, C.; Meslin, P.; Johnson, J.; Vaniman, D.; Bridges, J.; Dromart, G.; Schmidt, M. E.; Team, M.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Gale crater was selected as the Curiosity landing site because of the apparent sedimentary spectral signatures seen from orbit. Sedimentary materials on Mars have to this point showed very little expression of major element mobility, so compositions of precursor igneous minerals play a strong role in the compositions of sediments. In addition, pebbles and float rocks on Bradbury <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (sols 0-50, > 324) appear to be mostly igneous in origin, and are assumed to have been carried down from the crater rim. Overall in the first year on Mars ChemCam obtained >75,000 LIBS spectra on > 2,000 <span class="hlt">observation</span> points, supported by > 1,000 RMI images, and APXS obtained a significant number of <span class="hlt">observations</span>. These show surprisingly variable compositions. The mean ChemCam compositions for Bradbury <span class="hlt">Rise</span> dust-free rocks and pebbles (62 locations) <span class="hlt">give</span> SiO2 = 56%, FeOT = 16% and show high alkalis consistent with Jake Matijevic (sol ~47) APXS Na2O ~6.6 wt%. ChemCam <span class="hlt">observations</span> on the conglomerate Link (sol 27) gave Rb > 150 ppm and Sr > 1500 ppm. These compositions imply the presence of abundant alkali feldspars in the material infilling the lower parts of Gale crater. They are generally consistent with the more feldspar-rich SNC meteorites but show a radical departure from larger scale orbital <span class="hlt">observations</span>, e.g., GRS, raising the question of how widespread these compositions are outside of Gale crater. Sedimentary materials at Yellowknife Bay encompassing the Sheepbed (sols 125-300) and Shaler (sols 121, 311-324) units, potentially including Point Lake (sols 301-310) and Rocknest (sols 57-97), appear to have incorporated varying amounts of igneous source materials. Seven rocks investigated at Rocknest show significant additions of Fe, with mean FeOT = 25% (154 locations), suggesting that FeO was a cementing agent. ChemCam <span class="hlt">observations</span> at Shaler show varying amounts of alkali feldspar (i.e., related to Bradbury <span class="hlt">Rise</span>), Fe-rich material (Rocknest-like), and potassium-rich material</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25776225','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25776225"><span>Feedback-<span class="hlt">giving</span> behaviour in performance evaluations during clinical clerkships.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bok, Harold G J; Jaarsma, Debbie A D C; Spruijt, Annemarie; Van Beukelen, Peter; Van Der Vleuten, Cees P M; Teunissen, Pim W</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Narrative feedback documented in performance evaluations by the teacher, i.e. the clinical supervisor, is generally accepted to be essential for workplace learning. Many studies have examined factors of influence on the usage of mini-clinical evaluation exercise (mini-CEX) instruments and provision of feedback, but little is known about how these factors influence teachers' feedback-<span class="hlt">giving</span> behaviour. In this study, we investigated teachers' use of mini-CEX in performance evaluations to provide narrative feedback in undergraduate clinical training. We designed an exploratory qualitative study using an interpretive approach. Focusing on the usage of mini-CEX instruments in clinical training, we conducted semi-structured interviews to explore teachers' perceptions. Between February and June 2013, we conducted interviews with 14 clinicians participated as teachers during undergraduate clinical clerkships. Informed by concepts from the literature, we coded interview transcripts and iteratively reduced and displayed data using template analysis. We identified three main themes of interrelated factors that influenced teachers' practice with regard to mini-CEX instruments: teacher-related factors; teacher-student interaction-related factors, and teacher-context interaction-related factors. Four issues (direct <span class="hlt">observation</span>, relationship between teacher and student, verbal versus written feedback, formative versus summative purposes) that are pertinent to workplace-based performance evaluations were presented to clarify how different factors interact with each other and influence teachers' feedback-<span class="hlt">giving</span> behaviour. Embedding performance <span class="hlt">observation</span> in clinical practice and establishing trustworthy teacher-student relationships in more longitudinal clinical clerkships were considered important in creating a learning environment that supports and facilitates the feedback exchange. Teachers' feedback-<span class="hlt">giving</span> behaviour within the clinical context results from the interaction</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDD15007N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DFDD15007N"><span>Dynamics of poroelastocapillary <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nasouri, Babak; Elfring, Gwynn</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The surface-tension-driven <span class="hlt">rise</span> of a liquid between two elastic sheets can result in their deformation or coalescence depending on their flexibility. When the sheets are poroelastic, the flexibility of the immersed parts of the sheets can change considerably thereby altering the dynamical behavior of the system. To better understand this phenomenon, we study the poroelastocapillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> of a wetting liquid between poroelastic sheets. Using the lubrication theory and linear elasticity, we quantify the effects of the change in material properties of the wet sheets on the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the equilibrium state of the system.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17886712','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17886712"><span>[<span class="hlt">Giving</span> bad news in medicine: an exploratory study].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bascuñán, M L; Roizblatt, A; Roizblatt, D</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Giving</span> bad news is inherent to the practice of medicine. Development of guidelines for this task has great value, although the orientations are only general and should be adapted to each case, allowing for the cultural idiosyncrasy of the people involved. the present study aims to explore common practices of <span class="hlt">giving</span> bad news in different hospital services in Santiago-Chile. a qualitative methodology was applied through three focus groups with a sample of 33 physicians from two hospitals in Santiago-Chile. <span class="hlt">giving</span> bad news is a frequent practice for which no training is given. It generates preoccupation and interest among professionals. There is no agreed procedure to communicate bad news. Each professional has had to develop his/her own way from his/her experience and <span class="hlt">observing</span> others. Informing the patient is seen as an ethical duty, but in many cases it is not easy because of family pressure. Comments are made on different types of bad news, strategies for this communicational process and facilitators and barriers for it. Doctors' own professional past experience is a central factor in the way bad news is given, and so self-development mechanisms constitute an important challenge.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3996540','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3996540"><span>Timescales for detecting a significant acceleration in sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Haigh, Ivan D.; Wahl, Thomas; Rohling, Eelco J.; Price, René M.; Pattiaratchi, Charitha B.; Calafat, Francisco M.; Dangendorf, Sönke</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>There is <span class="hlt">observational</span> evidence that global sea level is <span class="hlt">rising</span> and there is concern that the rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> will increase, significantly threatening coastal communities. However, considerable debate remains as to whether the rate of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is currently increasing and, if so, by how much. Here we provide new insights into sea level accelerations by applying the main methods that have been used previously to search for accelerations in historical data, to identify the timings (with uncertainties) at which accelerations might first be recognized in a statistically significant manner (if not apparent already) in sea level records that we have artificially extended to 2100. We find that the most important approach to earliest possible detection of a significant sea level acceleration lies in improved understanding (and subsequent removal) of interannual to multidecadal variability in sea level records. PMID:24728012</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870052038&hterms=Symbiotic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DSymbiotic','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19870052038&hterms=Symbiotic&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DSymbiotic"><span>Spectroscopic <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the symbiotic binary RW Hydrae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kenyon, Scott J.; Fernandez-Castro, Telmo</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>Ultraviolet/optical spectrophotometry and infrared photometry show that the symbiotic binary RW Hya is comprised of an M giant (with L of about 1000 solar luminosities) and a compact object (with L of about 200 solar luminosities) which resembles the central star of a planetary nebula. The luminosity of the hot component is produced by a nuclear shell source which is replenished by the wind of the red giant at a rate of about 10 to the -8th solar mass/yr. Results indicate that the binary is surrounded by an H II region (of radius of about 10 AU) which <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> emission lines and radio emission. The He(2+) and O(2+) regions are found to be confined to the immediate vicinity of the hot component.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5572756-bermuda-appalachian-labrador-rises-common-non-hotspot-processes','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5572756-bermuda-appalachian-labrador-rises-common-non-hotspot-processes"><span>Bermuda and Appalachian-Labrador <span class="hlt">rises</span>: Common non-hotspot processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Vogt, P.R.</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Other than the Corner <span class="hlt">Rise</span>-New England seamounts and associated White Mountains, most postbreakup intraplate igneous activity and topographic uplift in the western North Atlantic and eastern North America do not readily conform to simple hotspot models. For examples, the Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span> trends normal to its predicted hotspot trace. On continental crust, Cretaceous-Eocene igneous activity is scattered along a northeast-trending belt {approximately}500-1,000 km west of and paralleling the continent-ocean boundary. Corresponding activity in the western Atlantic generated seamounts preferentially clustered in a belt {approximately}1,000 km east of the boundary. The Eocene volcanism on Bermuda is paired with coeval magmatism of themore » Shenandoah igneous province, and both magmatic belts are associated with northeast-trending topographic bulges - the Appalachian-Labrador <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to the west and the Bermuda <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (Eocene ) to the east. The above <span class="hlt">observations</span> suggest the existence of paired asthenosphere upwelling, paralleling and controlled by the deep thermal contrast across the northeast-trending continental margin. Such convection geometry, apparently fixed to the North American plate rather than to hotspots, is consistent with recent convection models by B. Hager. The additional importance of plate-kinematic reorganizations (causing midplate stress enhancement) is suggested by episodic igneous activity ca. 90-100 Ma and 40-45 Ma.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21322897','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21322897"><span>Charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> expenditures and the faith factor.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Showers, Vince E; Showers, Linda S; Beggs, Jeri M; Cox, James E</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Using a permanent income hypothesis approach and an income-<span class="hlt">giving</span> status interaction effect, a double hurdle model provides evidence of significant differences from the impact of household income and various household characteristics on both a household's likelihood of <span class="hlt">giving</span> and its level of <span class="hlt">giving</span> to religion, charity, education, others outside the household, and politics. An analysis of resulting income elasticity estimates revealed that households consider religious <span class="hlt">giving</span> a necessity good at all levels of income, while other categories of <span class="hlt">giving</span> are generally found to be luxury goods. Further, those who gave to religion were found to <span class="hlt">give</span> more to education and charity then those not <span class="hlt">giving</span> to religion, and higher education households were more likely to <span class="hlt">give</span> to religion than households with less education. This analysis suggests that there may be more to religious <span class="hlt">giving</span> behavior than has been assumed in prior studies and underscores the need for further research into the motivation for religious <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Specifically, these findings point to an enduring, internal motivation for <span class="hlt">giving</span> rather than an external, “What do I get for what I <span class="hlt">give</span>,” motive.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM31C..07K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM31C..07K"><span>Coupling between non-thermal plasmas and magnetic fields in space: in situ and remote <span class="hlt">observations</span> with Parker Solar Probe and Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kasper, J. C.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>This talk will review examples of open questions in the coupling between non-thermal plasmas and magnetic fields in space, including pressure anisotropies, in heating, and particle acceleration, in the context of space missions either preparing for launch or under study and using in situ <span class="hlt">observations</span> or remote sensing techniques. The Parker Solar Probe, with launch in the summer of next year, will collect the first in situ samples of plasma in the outer corona, allowing us to directly <span class="hlt">observe</span> the physical processes responsible for the heating and acceleration of the solar corona and solar wind. The Sun Radio Interferometer Space Experiment (Sun<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) mission is a low frequency radio array under study by NASA which would image for the first time locations of particle acceleration relative to coronal mass ejections and trace magnetic field lines that connect active regions to the heliosphere. Major open questions under investigation by these techniques will be explored, with an eye to connections to laboratory experiments.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28822896','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28822896"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> what one should: explanations for the knowledge-behavior gap for altruistic <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Blake, Peter R</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Several studies have shown that children struggle to <span class="hlt">give</span> what they believe that they should: the so-called knowledge-behavior gap. Over a dozen recent Dictator Game studies find that, although young children believe that they should <span class="hlt">give</span> half of a set of resources to a peer, they typically <span class="hlt">give</span> less and often keep all of the resources for themselves. This article reviews recent evidence for five potential explanations for the gap and how children close it with age: self-regulation, social distance, theory of mind, moral knowledge and social learning. I conclude that self-regulation, social distance, and social learning show the most promising evidence for understanding the mechanisms that can close the gap. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.4646T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013EGUGA..15.4646T"><span>Analysis of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> in Singapore Strait</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tkalich, Pavel; Luu, Quang-Hung</p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>Sea level in Singapore Strait is governed by various scale phenomena, from global to local. Global signals are dominated by the climate change and multi-decadal variability and associated sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>; at regional scale seasonal sea level variability is caused by ENSO-modulated monsoons; locally, astronomic tides are the strongest force. Tide gauge records in Singapore Strait are analyzed to derive local sea level trend, and attempts are made to attribute <span class="hlt">observed</span> sea level variability to phenomena at various scales, from global to local. It is found that at annual scale, sea level anomalies in Singapore Strait are quasi-periodic, of the order of ±15 cm, the highest during northeast monsoon and the lowest during southwest monsoon. Interannual regional sea level falls are associated with El Niño events, while the <span class="hlt">rises</span> are related to La Niña episodes; both variations are in the range of ±9 cm. At multi-decadal scale, sea level in Singapore Strait has been <span class="hlt">rising</span> at the rate 1.2-1.9 mm/year for the period 1975-2009, 2.0±0.3 mm/year for 1984-2009, and 1.3-4.7 mm/year for 1993-2009. When compared with the respective global trends of 2.0±0.3, 2.4, and 2.8±0.8 mm/year, Singapore Strait sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> trend was weaker at the earlier period and stronger at the recent decade.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.3838H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018GeoRL..45.3838H"><span>Prediction and <span class="hlt">Observation</span> of Electron Instabilities and Phase Space Holes Concentrated in the Lunar Plasma Wake</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hutchinson, Ian H.; Malaspina, David M.</p> <p>2018-05-01</p> <p>Recent theory and numerical simulation predicts that the wake of the solar wind flow past the Moon should be the site of electrostatic instabilities that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to electron holes. These play an important role in the eventual merging of the wake with the background solar wind. Analysis of measurements from the ARTEMIS satellites, orbiting the Moon at distances from 1.2 to 11 RM, detects holes highly concentrated in the wake, in agreement with prediction. The theory also predicts that the hole flux density <span class="hlt">observed</span> should be hollow, peaking away from the wake axis. <span class="hlt">Observation</span> statistics qualitatively confirm this hollowness, lending extra supporting evidence for the identification of their generation mechanism.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-180.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-180.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.180 - Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. 137.180 Section 137.180 Food... Flours and Related Products § 137.180 Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. (a) Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour, self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white flour, self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> wheat flour, is an intimate mixture of flour, sodium bicarbonate, and one or more of the...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301023I','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301023I"><span>Regional approaches in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Iconopisceva, O. G.; Proskurin, G. A.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The evolutionary process of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction is in the article focus. The aim of the study was to create a retrospective matrix reflecting the tasks of the study such as: structuring the most iconic high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> objects within historic boundaries. The study is based on contemporary experience of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction in different countries. The main directions and regional specifics in the field of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction as well as factors influencing the further evolution process are analyzed. The main changes in architectural stylistics, form-building, constructive solutions that focus on the principles of energy efficiency and bio positivity of "sustainable buildings", as well as the search for a new typology are noted. The most universal constructive methods and solutions that turned out to be particularly popular are generalized. The new typology of high-<span class="hlt">rises</span> and individual approach to urban context are noted. The results of the study as a graphical scheme made it possible to represent the whole high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> evolution. The new spatial forms of high-<span class="hlt">rises</span> lead them to new role within the urban environments. Futuristic hyperscalable concepts take the autonomous urban space functions itself and demonstrate us how high-<span class="hlt">rises</span> can replace multifunctional urban fabric, developing it inside their shells.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-as15-88-11866.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-as15-88-11866.html"><span>Astronaut James Irwin <span class="hlt">gives</span> salute beside U.S. flag during EVA</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1971-08-01</p> <p>AS15-88-11866 (1 Aug. 1971) --- Astronaut James B. Irwin, lunar module pilot, <span class="hlt">gives</span> a military salute while standing beside the deployed United States flag during the Apollo 15 lunar surface extravehicular activity (EVA) at the Hadley-Apennine landing site. The flag was deployed toward the end of EVA-2. The Lunar Module (LM) "Falcon" is in the center. On the right is the Lunar Roving Vehicle (LRV). This view is looking almost due south. Hadley Delta in the background <span class="hlt">rises</span> approximately 4,000 meters (about 13,124 feet) above the plain. The base of the mountain is approximately 5 kilometers (about 3 statute miles) away. This photograph was taken by astronaut David R. Scott, Apollo 15 commander. While astronauts Scott and Irwin descended in the LM to explore the moon, astronaut Alfred M. Worden, command module pilot, remained with the Command and Service Modules (CSM) in lunar orbit.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20050469','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20050469"><span>The risks associated with consumer magazines <span class="hlt">giving</span> advice on complementary therapies.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mantle, Fiona</p> <p></p> <p>The increased popularity of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has led to increased demand for information on it, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the concept of "new experts". However, there is concern about the quality and accuracy of this information, much of which is published in popular magazines and written by contributors with no medical qualifications. To examine the extent of CAM product advice in women's and health magazines, and the potential for adverse drug/herbal interaction. Fifteen women's magazines were examined over one month. A total of 150 articles were identified, of which 131 were written by non-medically qualified contributors, mainly journalists. Out of the 150, 95 discussed ingested herbs which had the potential for adverse interactions and are contraindicated for certain groups. The findings have legal and ethical implications. The re-evaluation of the journalists' code of conduct to reflect this development in journalism should be considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271962','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22271962"><span>Factors influencing <span class="hlt">rising</span> caesarean section rates in China between 1988 and 2008.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Feng, Xing Lin; Xu, Ling; Guo, Yan; Ronsmans, Carine</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>To identify factors driving the rapid increase in caesarean section in China between 1988 and 2008. Data from four national cross-sectional surveys (1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008) and modified Poisson regression were used to determine whether changes in household income, access to health insurance or women's education accounted for the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in caesarean sections in urban and rural areas. In 2008, 64.1% of urban women and 11.3% of women in the poorest rural region reported <span class="hlt">giving</span> birth by caesarean section. A fast <span class="hlt">rise</span> was occurring in all socioeconomic groups. Between 1993 and 2008, the risk of caesarean section had increased more than threefold in urban areas (relative risk, RR: 3.63; 95% confidence interval, CI: 2.61-5.04) and more than 15-fold in rural areas (RR: 15.46; 95% CI: 10.46-22.86). After adjustment for improvements in income, education and access to health insurance over the study period, the RR dropped minimally in urban areas (RR: 3.07; 95% CI: 2.32-4.07), which suggests that these factors do not explain the <span class="hlt">rise</span>; in rural areas, the adjusted RR dropped to 7.18 (95% CI: 4.82-10.69), which shows that socioeconomic change is only partly responsible for the <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Socioeconomic region of residence was a more important driver of the caesarean section rate than individual socioeconomic status. The large variation in caesarean section rate by socioeconomic region--independent of individual income, health insurance or education--suggests that structural factors related to service supply have influenced the increasing rate more than a woman's ability to pay.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4253324','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4253324"><span>Resolving the Antarctic contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>: a hierarchical modelling framework†</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zammit-Mangion, Andrew; Rougier, Jonathan; Bamber, Jonathan; Schön, Nana</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Determining the Antarctic contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from <span class="hlt">observational</span> data is a complex problem. The number of physical processes involved (such as ice dynamics and surface climate) exceeds the number of <span class="hlt">observables</span>, some of which have very poor spatial definition. This has led, in general, to solutions that utilise strong prior assumptions or physically based deterministic models to simplify the problem. Here, we present a new approach for estimating the Antarctic contribution, which only incorporates descriptive aspects of the physically based models in the analysis and in a statistical manner. By combining physical insights with modern spatial statistical modelling techniques, we are able to provide probability distributions on all processes deemed to play a role in both the <span class="hlt">observed</span> data and the contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Specifically, we use stochastic partial differential equations and their relation to geostatistical fields to capture our physical understanding and employ a Gaussian Markov random field approach for efficient computation. The method, an instantiation of Bayesian hierarchical modelling, naturally incorporates uncertainty in order to reveal credible intervals on all estimated quantities. The estimated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> contribution using this approach corroborates those found using a statistically independent method. © 2013 The Authors. Environmetrics Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. PMID:25505370</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505370','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25505370"><span>Resolving the Antarctic contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>: a hierarchical modelling framework.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zammit-Mangion, Andrew; Rougier, Jonathan; Bamber, Jonathan; Schön, Nana</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>Determining the Antarctic contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> from <span class="hlt">observational</span> data is a complex problem. The number of physical processes involved (such as ice dynamics and surface climate) exceeds the number of <span class="hlt">observables</span>, some of which have very poor spatial definition. This has led, in general, to solutions that utilise strong prior assumptions or physically based deterministic models to simplify the problem. Here, we present a new approach for estimating the Antarctic contribution, which only incorporates descriptive aspects of the physically based models in the analysis and in a statistical manner. By combining physical insights with modern spatial statistical modelling techniques, we are able to provide probability distributions on all processes deemed to play a role in both the <span class="hlt">observed</span> data and the contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Specifically, we use stochastic partial differential equations and their relation to geostatistical fields to capture our physical understanding and employ a Gaussian Markov random field approach for efficient computation. The method, an instantiation of Bayesian hierarchical modelling, naturally incorporates uncertainty in order to reveal credible intervals on all estimated quantities. The estimated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> contribution using this approach corroborates those found using a statistically independent method. © 2013 The Authors. Environmetrics Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_6");'>6</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li class="active"><span>8</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_8 --> <div id="page_9" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="161"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.9201W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.9201W"><span>The importance of plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the concentrations and atmospheric impacts of biomass burning aerosol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Walter, Carolin; Freitas, Saulo R.; Kottmeier, Christoph; Kraut, Isabel; Rieger, Daniel; Vogel, Heike; Vogel, Bernhard</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>We quantified the effects of the plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> of biomass burning aerosol and gases for the forest fires that occurred in Saskatchewan, Canada, in July 2010. For this purpose, simulations with different assumptions regarding the plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the vertical distribution of the emissions were conducted. Based on comparisons with <span class="hlt">observations</span>, applying a one-dimensional plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> model to predict the injection layer in combination with a parametrization of the vertical distribution of the emissions outperforms approaches in which the plume heights are initially predefined. Approximately 30 % of the fires exceed the height of 2 km with a maximum height of 8.6 km. Using this plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> model, comparisons with satellite images in the visible spectral range show a very good agreement between the simulated and <span class="hlt">observed</span> spatial distributions of the biomass burning plume. The simulated aerosol optical depth (AOD) with data of an AERONET station is in good agreement with respect to the absolute values and the timing of the maximum. Comparison of the vertical distribution of the biomass burning aerosol with CALIPSO (Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite <span class="hlt">Observation</span>) retrievals also showed the best agreement when the plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> model was applied. We found that downwelling surface short-wave radiation below the forest fire plume is reduced by up to 50 % and that the 2 m temperature is decreased by up to 6 K. In addition, we simulated a strong change in atmospheric stability within the biomass burning plume.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196345','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70196345"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> synchrony controls western North American ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Black, Bryan A.; van der Sleen, Peter; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Griffin, Daniel; Sydeman, William J.; Dunham, Jason B.; Rykaczewski, Ryan R.; Garcia-Reyes, Marisol; Safeeq, Mohammad; Arismendi, Ivan; Bograd, Steven J.</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Along the western margin of North America, the winter expression of the North Pacific High (NPH) strongly influences interannual variability in coastal upwelling, storm track position, precipitation, and river discharge. Coherence among these factors induces covariance among physical and biological processes across adjacent marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we show that over the past century the degree and spatial extent of this covariance (synchrony) has substantially increased, and is coincident with <span class="hlt">rising</span> variance in the winter NPH. Furthermore, centuries‐long blue oak (Quercus douglasii) growth chronologies sensitive to the winter NPH provide robust evidence that modern levels of synchrony are among the highest <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the context of the last 250 years. These trends may ultimately be linked to changing impacts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on mid‐latitude ecosystems of North America. Such a <span class="hlt">rise</span> in synchrony may destabilize ecosystems, expose populations to higher risks of extinction, and is thus a concern given the broad biological relevance of winter climate to biological systems.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acetaminophen.html','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/acetaminophen.html"><span>How to Safely <span class="hlt">Give</span> Acetaminophen</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... Educators Search English Español How to Safely <span class="hlt">Give</span> Acetaminophen KidsHealth / For Parents / How to Safely <span class="hlt">Give</span> Acetaminophen ... without getting a doctor's OK first. What Is Acetaminophen Also Called? Acetaminophen is the generic name of ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=security+AND+protection&pg=4&id=EJ632676','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=security+AND+protection&pg=4&id=EJ632676"><span>Safety <span class="hlt">Rises</span> to New Levels.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Lafo, Joseph; Robillard, Marc</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>Explains how high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> residence halls can provide high-level safety and security at colleges and universities. Boston University is used to illustrate high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> security and fire protection issues. (GR)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMNH11D..05G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMNH11D..05G"><span>Coastal Hazards Maps: Actionable Information for Communities Facing Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (Invited)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gibeaut, J. C.; Barraza, E.</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>Barrier islands along the U.S. Gulf coast remain under increasing pressure from development. This development and redevelopment is occurring despite recent hurricanes, ongoing erosion, and sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. To lessen the impacts of these hazards, local governments need information in a form that is useful for informing the public, making policy, and enforcing development rules. We recently completed the Galveston Island Geohazards Map for the city of Galveston, Texas and are currently developing maps for the Mustang and South Padre Island communities. The maps show areas that vary in their susceptibility to, and function for, mitigating the effects of geological processes, including sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, land subsidence, erosion and storm-surge flooding and washover. The current wetlands, beaches and dunes are mapped as having the highest geohazard potential both in terms of their exposure to hazardous conditions and their mitigating effects of those hazards for the rest of the island. These existing “critical environments” are generally protected under existing regulations. Importantly, however, the mapping recognizes that sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and shoreline retreat are changing the island; therefore, 60-year model projections of the effects of these changes are incorporated into the map. The areas that we project will become wetlands, beaches and dunes in the next 60 years are not protected. These areas are the most difficult to deal with from a policy point of view, yet we must address what happens there if real progress is to be made in how we live with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The geohazards maps draw on decades of geological knowledge of how barrier islands behave and put it in a form that is intuitive to the public and directly useful to planners. Some of the “messages” in the map include: leave salt marshes alone and <span class="hlt">give</span> them room to migrate inland as sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span>; set back and move development away from the shoreline to provide space for beaches and protective dunes</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960023944','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19960023944"><span>Analysis of IUE <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Supernovae</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Kirshner, Robert P.</p> <p>1996-01-01</p> <p>This program supported the analysis of IUE <span class="hlt">observations</span> of supernovae. One aspect was a Target-of-Opportunity program to <span class="hlt">observe</span> bright supernovae which was applied to SN 1993J in M81, and another was continuing analysis of the IUE data from SN 1987A. Because of its quick response time, the IUE satellite has continued to provide useful data on the ultraviolet spectra of supernovae. Even after the launch of the Hubble Space Telescope, which has much more powerful ultraviolet spectrometers, the IUE has enabled us to obtain early and frequent measurements of ultraviolet radiation: this information has been folded in with our HST data to create unique <span class="hlt">observations</span> of supernova which can be interpreted to <span class="hlt">give</span> powerful constraints on the physical properties of the exploding stars. Our chief result in the present grant period was the completion of a detailed reanalysis of the data on the circumstellar shell of SN 1987A. The presence of narrow high-temperature mission lines from nitrogen-rich gas close to SN 1987A has been the principal <span class="hlt">observational</span> constraint on the evolution of the supernova's progenitor. Our new analysis shows that the onset of these lines, their <span class="hlt">rise</span> to maximum, and their subsequent fading can be understood in the context of a model for the photoionization of circumstellar matter.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150023104','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150023104"><span>Numerical Investigation of Microgravity Tank Pressure <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Due to Boiling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hylton, Sonya; Ibrahim, Mounir; Kartuzova, Olga; Kassemi, Mohammad</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The ability to control self-pressurization in cryogenic storage tanks is essential for NASAs long-term space exploration missions. Predictions of the tank pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> in Space are needed in order to inform the microgravity design and optimization process. Due to the fact that natural convection is very weak in microgravity, heat leaks into the tank can create superheated regions in the liquid. The superheated regions can instigate microgravity boiling, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to pressure spikes during self-pressurization. In this work, a CFD model is developed to predict the magnitude and duration of the microgravity pressure spikes. The model uses the Schrage equation to calculate the mass transfer, with a different accommodation coefficient for evaporation at the interface, condensation at the interface, and boiling in the bulk liquid. The implicit VOF model was used to account for the moving interface, with bounded second order time discretization. Validation of the models predictions was carried out using microgravity data from the Tank Pressure Control Experiment, which flew aboard the Space Shuttle Mission STS-52. Although this experiment was meant to study pressurization and pressure control, it underwent boiling during several tests. The pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> predicted by the CFD model compared well with the experimental data. The ZBOT microgravity experiment is scheduled to fly on February 2016 aboard the ISS. The CFD model was also used to perform simulations for setting parametric limits for the Zero-Boil-Off Tank (ZBOT) Experiments Test Matrix in an attempt to avoid boiling in the majority of the test runs that are aimed to study pressure increase rates during self-pressurization. *Supported in part by NASA ISS Physical Sciences Research Program, NASA HQ, USA</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED23A0712M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED23A0712M"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>: The People's Camera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>McEwen, A. S.; Eliason, E.; Gulick, V. C.; Spinoza, Y.; Beyer, R. A.; HiRISE Team</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) camera, orbiting Mars since 2006 on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO), has returned more than 17,000 large images with scales as small as 25 cm/pixel. From it’s beginning, the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> team has followed “The People’s Camera” concept, with rapid release of useful images, explanations, and tools, and facilitating public image suggestions. The camera includes 14 CCDs, each read out into 2 data channels, so compressed images are returned from MRO as 28 long (up to 120,000 line) images that are 1024 pixels wide (or binned 2x2 to 512 pixels, etc.). This raw data is very difficult to use, especially for the public. At the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> operations center the raw data are calibrated and processed into a series of B&W and color products, including browse images and JPEG2000-compressed images and tools to make it easy for everyone to explore these enormous images (see http://hirise.lpl.arizona.edu/). Automated pipelines do all of this processing, so we can keep up with the high data rate; images go directly to the format of the Planetary Data System (PDS). After students visually check each image product for errors, they are fully released just 1 month after receipt; captioned images (written by science team members) may be released sooner. These processed Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images have been incorporated into tools such as Google Mars and World Wide Telescope for even greater accessibility. 51 Digital Terrain Models derived from Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> stereo pairs have been released, resulting in some spectacular flyover movies produced by members of the public and viewed up to 50,000 times according to YouTube. Public targeting began in 2007 via NASA Quest (http://marsoweb.nas.nasa.gov/Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>/quest/) and more than 200 images have been acquired, mostly by students and educators. At the beginning of 2010 we released HiWish (http://www.uahirise.org/hiwish/), opening Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> targeting to anyone in the world with Internet access, and already more</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=annuities&pg=5&id=EJ189008','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=annuities&pg=5&id=EJ189008"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> That Doesn't Hurt</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Dunseth, William B.</p> <p>1978-01-01</p> <p>The annuity and trust income program (deferred <span class="hlt">giving</span>) permits donors to <span class="hlt">give</span> more than they thought they could. Suggestions for establishing and monitoring such programs are offered in this article, which is a condensation of remarks at the National Conference on Trusteeship. (Author/LBH)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033879','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033879"><span>A Bayesian network to predict coastal vulnerability to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Gutierrez, B.T.; Plant, N.G.; Thieler, E.R.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> during the 21st century will have a wide range of effects on coastal environments, human development, and infrastructure in coastal areas. The broad range of complex factors influencing coastal systems contributes to large uncertainties in predicting long-term sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> impacts. Here we explore and demonstrate the capabilities of a Bayesian network (BN) to predict long-term shoreline change associated with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and make quantitative assessments of prediction uncertainty. A BN is used to define relationships between driving forces, geologic constraints, and coastal response for the U.S. Atlantic coast that include <span class="hlt">observations</span> of local rates of relative sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, wave height, tide range, geomorphic classification, coastal slope, and shoreline change rate. The BN is used to make probabilistic predictions of shoreline retreat in response to different future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates. Results demonstrate that the probability of shoreline retreat increases with higher rates of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Where more specific information is included, the probability of shoreline change increases in a number of cases, indicating more confident predictions. A hindcast evaluation of the BN indicates that the network correctly predicts 71% of the cases. Evaluation of the results using Brier skill and log likelihood ratio scores indicates that the network provides shoreline change predictions that are better than the prior probability. Shoreline change outcomes indicating stability (-1 1 m/yr) was not well predicted. We find that BNs can assimilate important factors contributing to coastal change in response to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and can make quantitative, probabilistic predictions that can be applied to coastal management decisions. Copyright ?? 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JOM...tmp...70F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018JOM...tmp...70F"><span>Thermo-Electric-Magnetic Hydrodynamics in Solidification: In Situ <span class="hlt">Observations</span> and Theory</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Fautrelle, Y.; Wang, J.; Salloum-Abou-Jaoude, G.; Abou-Khalil, L.; Reinhart, G.; Li, X.; Ren, Z. M.; Nguyen-Thi, H.</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>Solidification of liquid metals contains all the ingredients for the development of the thermo-electric (TE) effect, namely liquid-solid interface and temperature gradients. The combination of TE currents with a superimposed magnetic field <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to thermo-electromagnetic (TEM) volume forces acting on both liquid and solid. This results in the generation of fluid flows, which considerably modifies the morphology of the solidification front as well as that of the mushy zone. TEM forces also act on the solid and cause both fragmentation of dendrite branches and a movement of equiaxed grains in suspension. These phenomena have already been unveiled by post-mortem analysis of samples, but they can be analyzed in more detail by using x-ray in situ and real-time <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Here, we present conclusive evidence of all the aforementioned effects thanks to in situ <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Al-Cu alloy solidification under static magnetic field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930082690','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930082690"><span><span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Air Bubbles in Aircraft Lubricating Oils</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Robinson, J. V.</p> <p>1950-01-01</p> <p>Lubricating and antifoaming additives in aircraft lubricating oils may impede the escape of small bubbles from the oil by forming shells of liquid with a quasi-solid or gel structure around the bubbles. The rates of <span class="hlt">rise</span> of small air bubbles, up to 2 millimeters in diameter, were measured at room temperature in an undoped oil, in the same oil containing foam inhibitors, and in an oil containing lubricating additives. The apparent diameter of the air bubbles was measured visually through an ocular micrometer on a traveling telescope. The bubbles in the undoped oil obeyed Stokes' Law, the rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> being proportional to the square of the apparent diameter and inversely proportional to the viscosity of the oil. The bubbles in the oils containing lubricating additives or foam inhibitors rose more slowly than the rate predicted by Stokes 1 Law from the apparent diameter, and the rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> decreased as the length of path the bubbles traveled increased. A method is derived to calculate the thickness of the liquid shell which would have to move with the bubbles in the doped oils to account for the abnoi'I!l8.lly slow velocity. The maximum thickness of this shell, calculated from the velocities <span class="hlt">observed</span>, was equal to the bubble radius.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=price+AND+elasticity&id=EJ765855','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=price+AND+elasticity&id=EJ765855"><span>Income Tax Policy and Charitable <span class="hlt">Giving</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brooks, Arthur C.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>Many studies over the past 20 years have looked at the response of charitable donations to tax incentives--the tax price elasticity of <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Generally, authors have assumed this elasticity is constant across all types of <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Using the 2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics data on charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span>, this paper estimates the tax price elasticity…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003170&hterms=Situ&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DIn%2BSitu','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003170&hterms=Situ&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D70%26Ntt%3DIn%2BSitu"><span>Simultaneous <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Atmospheric Tides from Combined in Situ and Remote <span class="hlt">Observations</span> at Mars from the MAVEN Spacecraft</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>England, Scott L.; Liu, Guiping; Withers, Paul; Yigit, Erdal; Lo, Daniel; Jain, Sonal; Schneider, Nicholas M. (Inventor); Deighan, Justin; McClintock, William E.; Mahaffy, Paul R.; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20170003170'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170003170_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20170003170_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170003170_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20170003170_hide"></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We report the <span class="hlt">observations</span> of longitudinal variations in the Martian thermosphere associated with nonmigrating tides. Using the Neutral Gas Ion Mass Spectrometer (NGIMS) and the Imaging Ultraviolet Spectrograph (IUVS) on NASA's Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN Mission (MAVEN) spacecraft, this study presents the first combined analysis of in situ and remote <span class="hlt">observations</span> of atmospheric tides at Mars for overlapping volumes, local times, and overlapping date ranges. From the IUVS <span class="hlt">observations</span>, we determine the altitude and latitudinal variation of the amplitude of the nonmigrating tidal signatures, which is combined with the NGIMS, providing information on the compositional impact of these waves. Both the <span class="hlt">observations</span> of airglow from IUVS and the CO2 density <span class="hlt">observations</span> from NGIMS reveal a strong wave number 2 signature in a fixed local time frame. The IUVS <span class="hlt">observations</span> reveal a strong latitudinal dependence in the amplitude of the wave number 2 signature. Combining this with the accurate CO2 density <span class="hlt">observations</span> from NGIMS, this would suggest that the CO2 density variation is as high as 27% at 0-10 deg latitude. The IUVS <span class="hlt">observations</span> reveal little altitudinal dependence in the amplitude of the wave number 2 signature, varying by only 20% from 160 to 200 km. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of five different species with NGIMS show that the amplitude of the wave number 2 signature varies in proportion to the inverse of the species scale height, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to variation in composition as a function of longitude. The analysis and discussion here provide a roadmap for further analysis as additional coincident data from these two instruments become available.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED017119.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED017119.pdf"><span>HIGH <span class="hlt">RISE</span> OR LOW <span class="hlt">RISE</span>. A STUDY OF DECISION FACTORS IN RESIDENCE HALLS PLANNING.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Educational Facilities Labs., Inc., New York, NY.</p> <p></p> <p>THE PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT IS TO SERVE COLLEGE OFFICIALS, HOUSING ADMINISTRATORS, PLANNING GROUPS AND ARCHITECTS BY FOCUSING ON THE DECISION FACTORS WHICH RELATE TO HIGH-<span class="hlt">RISE</span> AND LOW-<span class="hlt">RISE</span> STUDENT HOUSING. DECISION FACTORS INCLUDE--(1) LAND USE IMPLICATIONS, (2) SITE REQUIREMENTS--BUILDING CODES, SUB-SOIL CONSIDERATIONS, NATURAL TERRAIN,…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110023529','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110023529"><span>The Fall and the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of X-Rays from Dwarf Novae in Outburst: RXTE <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of VW Hydri and WW Ceti</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Fertig, D.; Mukai, K.; Nelson, T.; Cannizzo, J. K.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>In a dwarf nova, the accretion disk around the white dwarf is a source of ultraviolet, optical, and infrared photons, but is never hot enough to emit X-rays. <span class="hlt">Observed</span> X-rays instead originate from the boundary layer between the disk and the white dwarf. As the disk switches between quiescence and outburst states, the 2-10 keV X-ray flux is usually seen to be anti-correlated with the optical brightness. Here we present RXTE monitoring <span class="hlt">observations</span> of two dwarf novae, VW Hyi and WW Cet, confirming the optical/X-ray anti-correlation in these two systems. However, we do not detect any episodes of increased hard X-ray flux on the <span class="hlt">rise</span> (out of two possible chances for WW Cet) or the decline (two for WW Cet and one for VW Hyi) from outburst, attributes that are clearly established in SS Cyg. The addition of these data to the existing literature establishes the fact that the behavior of SS Cyg is the exception, rather than the archetype as is often assumed. We speculate that only dwarf novae with a massive white dwarf may show these hard X-ray spikes.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032393','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70032393"><span>Measurements of Martian dust devil winds with Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Choi, D.S.; Dundas, C.M.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>We report wind measurements within Martian dust devils <span class="hlt">observed</span> in plan view from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) orbiting Mars. The central color swath of the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> instrument has three separate charge-coupled devices (CCDs) and color filters that <span class="hlt">observe</span> the surface in rapid cadence. Active features, such as dust devils, appear in motion when <span class="hlt">observed</span> by this region of the instrument. Our image animations reveal clear circulatory motion within dust devils that is separate from their translational motion across the Martian surface. Both manual and automated tracking of dust devil clouds reveal tangential winds that approach 20-30 m s -1 in some cases. These winds are sufficient to induce a ???1% decrease in atmospheric pressure within the dust devil core relative to ambient, facilitating dust lifting by reducing the threshold wind speed for particle elevation. Finally, radial velocity profiles constructed from our automated measurements test the Rankine vortex model for dust devil structure. Our profiles successfully reveal the solid body rotation component in the interior, but fail to conclusively illuminate the profile in the outer regions of the vortex. One profile provides evidence for a velocity decrease as a function of r -1/2, instead of r -1, suggestive of surface friction effects. However, other profiles do not support this <span class="hlt">observation</span>, or do not contain enough measurements to produce meaningful insights. Copyright 2011 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=importance+AND+fund+AND+objective&pg=5&id=EJ224065','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=importance+AND+fund+AND+objective&pg=5&id=EJ224065"><span>The Importance of Reunion <span class="hlt">Giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Cooke, Edward S.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>An organized and aggressive reunion-<span class="hlt">giving</span> program is seen as a major component of every college's annual <span class="hlt">giving</span> campaign. The advent of a major reunion is a natural time for alumni to refocus attention and interest on their alma mater. Getting people involved, setting goals, and campaigns are discussed. (Author/MLW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261327','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26261327"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> behavior of millionaires.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Smeets, Paul; Bauer, Rob; Gneezy, Uri</p> <p>2015-08-25</p> <p>This paper studies conditions influencing the generosity of wealthy people. We conduct incentivized experiments with individuals who have at least €1 million in their bank account. The results show that millionaires are more generous toward low-income individuals in a <span class="hlt">giving</span> situation when the other participant has no power, than in a strategic setting, where the other participant can punish unfair behavior. Moreover, the level of <span class="hlt">giving</span> by millionaires is higher than in any other previous study. Our findings have important implications for charities and financial institutions that deal with wealthy individuals.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4553827','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4553827"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> behavior of millionaires</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Smeets, Paul; Bauer, Rob; Gneezy, Uri</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This paper studies conditions influencing the generosity of wealthy people. We conduct incentivized experiments with individuals who have at least €1 million in their bank account. The results show that millionaires are more generous toward low-income individuals in a <span class="hlt">giving</span> situation when the other participant has no power, than in a strategic setting, where the other participant can punish unfair behavior. Moreover, the level of <span class="hlt">giving</span> by millionaires is higher than in any other previous study. Our findings have important implications for charities and financial institutions that deal with wealthy individuals. PMID:26261327</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_7");'>7</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li class="active"><span>9</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_9 --> <div id="page_10" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="181"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385599','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17385599"><span>Stable plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> in a shear layer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Overcamp, Thomas J</p> <p>2007-03-01</p> <p>Solutions are given for plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> assuming a power-law wind speed profile in a stably stratified layer for point and finite sources with initial vertical momentum and buoyancy. For a constant wind speed, these solutions simplify to the conventional plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> equations in a stable atmosphere. In a shear layer, the point of maximum <span class="hlt">rise</span> occurs further downwind and is slightly lower compared with the plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> with a constant wind speed equal to the wind speed at the top of the stack. If the predictions with shear are compared with predictions for an equivalent average wind speed over the depth of the plume, the plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> with shear is higher than plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> with an equivalent average wind speed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4796899','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4796899"><span>NMR <span class="hlt">Observation</span> of Mobile Protons in Proton-Implanted ZnO Nanorods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Park, Jun Kue; Kwon, Hyeok-Jung; Lee, Cheol Eui</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>The diffusion properties of H+ in ZnO nanorods are investigated before and after 20 MeV proton beam irradiation by using 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Herein, we unambiguously <span class="hlt">observe</span> that the implanted protons occupy thermally unstable site of ZnO, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a narrow NMR line at 4.1 ppm. The activation barrier of the implanted protons was found to be 0.46 eV by means of the rotating-frame spin-lattice relaxation measurements, apparently being interstitial hydrogens. High-energy beam irradiation also leads to correlated jump diffusion of the surface hydroxyl group of multiple lines at ~1 ppm, implying the presence of structural disorder at the ZnO surface. PMID:26988733</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4693312','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4693312"><span>Temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> during polymerization of different cavity liners and composite resins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Karatas, Ozcan; Turel, Verda; Bayindir, Yusuf Ziya</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the thermal insulating properties of different light curing cavity liners and composite resins during light emitting diode (LED) curing. Materials and Methods: Sixty-four dentin discs, 1 mm thick and 8 mm in diameter, were prepared. Specimens were divided into four groups. Calcium hydroxide (Ca[OH]2), resin-modified glass ionomer cement, flowable composite and adhesive systems were applied to dentin discs according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> in temperature during polymerization with a LED curing unit (LCU) was measured using a K-type thermocouple connected to a data logger. Subsequently, all specimens were randomly divided into one of two groups. A silorane-based composite resin and a methacrylate-based composite resin were applied to the specimens. Temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> during polymerization of composite resins with LCU were then measured again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey analyses. Results: There were significant differences in temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> among the liners, adhesives, and composite resins (P < 0.05). Silorane-based composite resin exhibited significantly greater temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> than methacrylate-based resin (P < 0.05). The smallest temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> were <span class="hlt">observed</span> in Ca(OH)2 specimens. Conclusion: Thermal insulating properties of different restorative materials are important factors in pulp health. Bonding agents alone are not sufficient to protect pulp from thermal stimuli throughout curing. PMID:26751112</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22667522-modeling-rise-fibril-magnetic-fields-fully-convective-stars','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22667522-modeling-rise-fibril-magnetic-fields-fully-convective-stars"><span>MODELING THE <span class="hlt">RISE</span> OF FIBRIL MAGNETIC FIELDS IN FULLY CONVECTIVE STARS</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Weber, Maria A.; Browning, Matthew K., E-mail: mweber@astro.ex.ac.uk</p> <p></p> <p>Many fully convective stars exhibit a wide variety of surface magnetism, including starspots and chromospheric activity. The manner by which bundles of magnetic field traverse portions of the convection zone to emerge at the stellar surface is not especially well understood. In the solar context, some insight into this process has been gleaned by regarding the magnetism as consisting partly of idealized thin flux tubes (TFTs). Here we present the results of a large set of TFT simulations in a rotating spherical domain of convective flows representative of a 0.3 M {sub ⊙} main-sequence star. This is the first studymore » to investigate how individual flux tubes in such a star might <span class="hlt">rise</span> under the combined influence of buoyancy, convection, and differential rotation. A time-dependent hydrodynamic convective flow field, taken from separate 3D simulations calculated with the anelastic equations, impacts the flux tube as it <span class="hlt">rises</span>. Convective motions modulate the shape of the initially buoyant flux ring, promoting localized <span class="hlt">rising</span> loops. Flux tubes in fully convective stars have a tendency to <span class="hlt">rise</span> nearly parallel to the rotation axis. However, the presence of strong differential rotation allows some initially low-latitude flux tubes of moderate strength to develop <span class="hlt">rising</span> loops that emerge in the near-equatorial region. Magnetic pumping suppresses the global <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the flux tube most efficiently in the deeper interior and at lower latitudes. The results of these simulations aim to provide a link between dynamo-generated magnetic fields, fluid motions, and <span class="hlt">observations</span> of starspots for fully convective stars.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013WRR....49.5246W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013WRR....49.5246W"><span>Propagation of solutes and pressure into aquifers following river stage <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Welch, Chani; Cook, Peter G.; Harrington, Glenn A.; Robinson, Neville I.</p> <p>2013-09-01</p> <p>Water level <span class="hlt">rises</span> associated with river flow events induce both pressure and solute movement into adjacent aquifers at vastly different rates. We present a simple analytical solution that relates the travel time and travel distance of solutes into an aquifer following river stage <span class="hlt">rise</span> to aquifer properties. Combination with an existing solution for pressure propagation indicates that the ratio of solute to pressure travel times is proportional to the ratio of the volume of water stored in the aquifer before the river stage <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the volume added by the stage <span class="hlt">rise</span> and is independent of hydraulic conductivity. Two-dimensional numerical simulations of an aquifer slice perpendicular to a river demonstrate that the solutions are broadly applicable to variably saturated aquifers and partially penetrating rivers. The solutions remain applicable where river stage <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall occur, provided that regional hydraulic gradients are low and the duration of the river stage <span class="hlt">rise</span> is less than pressure and solute travel times to the <span class="hlt">observation</span> point in the aquifer. Consequently, the solutions provide new insight into the relationships between aquifer properties and distance and time of solute propagation and, in some cases, may be used to estimate system characteristics. Travel time metrics obtained for a flood event in the Cockburn River in eastern Australia using electrical conductivity measurements enabled estimates of aquifer properties and a lateral extent of river-aquifer mixing of 25 m. A detailed time series of any soluble tracer with distinctly different concentrations in river water and groundwater may be used.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.C53B0574L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.C53B0574L"><span>Ice Shelf-Ocean Interactions Near Ice <span class="hlt">Rises</span> and Ice Rumples</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lange, M. A.; Rückamp, M.; Kleiner, T.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>, focusing on the floating ice parts of the Brunt and Riiser-Larsen ice shelves. The major response of the ice is <span class="hlt">observed</span> instantaneously and is caused by the time independent nature of the Stokes equations and the used Glen-type rheology. The influence of ice temperatures and therefore the time-dependent effect on the flow-rate are small, given a 100 year time frame and applying a fixed-geometry setting.. A particularly important result of the current project lies in the fact that we have numerically simulated the three-dimensional stress fields in an ice shelf. Common numerical models that utilize a vertically integrated Shallow Shelf Approximation (SSA-models), do not provide that information. Due to the detailed horizontal resolution of 1km in our models, we were able to also model the <span class="hlt">observed</span> heavily fractured areas in the vicinity of McDonald Ice <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, a region that is characterized by simulated tensile stresses reaching maximum vertical extension in the ice column.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/975179','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/975179"><span>The <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fall of Type Ia Supernova Light Curves in the SDSS-II Supernova Survey</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hayden, Brian T.; /Notre Dame U.; Garnavich, Peter M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>We analyze the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall times of Type Ia supernova (SN Ia) light curves discovered by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey-II (SDSS-II) Supernova Survey. From a set of 391 light curves k-corrected to the rest-frame B and V bands, we find a smaller dispersion in the <span class="hlt">rising</span> portion of the light curve compared to the decline. This is in qualitative agreement with computer models which predict that variations in radioactive nickel yield have less impact on the <span class="hlt">rise</span> than on the spread of the decline rates. The differences we find in the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall properties suggest that amore » single 'stretch' correction to the light curve phase does not properly model the range of SN Ia light curve shapes. We select a subset of 105 light curves well <span class="hlt">observed</span> in both <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall portions of the light curves and develop a '2-stretch' fit algorithm which estimates the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall times independently. We find the average time from explosion to B-band peak brightness is 17.38 {+-} 0.17 days, but with a spread of <span class="hlt">rise</span> times which range from 13 days to 23 days. Our average <span class="hlt">rise</span> time is shorter than the 19.5 days found in previous studies; this reflects both the different light curve template used and the application of the 2-stretch algorithm. The SDSS-II supernova set and the local SNe Ia with well-<span class="hlt">observed</span> early light curves show no significant differences in their average <span class="hlt">rise</span>-time properties. We find that slow-declining events tend to have fast <span class="hlt">rise</span> times, but that the distribution of <span class="hlt">rise</span> minus fall time is broad and single peaked. This distribution is in contrast to the bimodality in this parameter that was first suggested by Strovink (2007) from an analysis of a small set of local SNe Ia. We divide the SDSS-II sample in half based on the <span class="hlt">rise</span> minus fall value, t{sub r} - t{sub f} {approx}< 2 days and t{sub r} - t{sub f} > 2 days, to search for differences in their host galaxy properties and Hubble residuals; we find no difference in host galaxy properties or Hubble residuals in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29575413','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29575413"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> synchrony controls western North American ecosystems.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Black, Bryan A; van der Sleen, Peter; Di Lorenzo, Emanuele; Griffin, Daniel; Sydeman, William J; Dunham, Jason B; Rykaczewski, Ryan R; García-Reyes, Marisol; Safeeq, Mohammad; Arismendi, Ivan; Bograd, Steven J</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>Along the western margin of North America, the winter expression of the North Pacific High (NPH) strongly influences interannual variability in coastal upwelling, storm track position, precipitation, and river discharge. Coherence among these factors induces covariance among physical and biological processes across adjacent marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Here, we show that over the past century the degree and spatial extent of this covariance (synchrony) has substantially increased, and is coincident with <span class="hlt">rising</span> variance in the winter NPH. Furthermore, centuries-long blue oak (Quercus douglasii) growth chronologies sensitive to the winter NPH provide robust evidence that modern levels of synchrony are among the highest <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the context of the last 250 years. These trends may ultimately be linked to changing impacts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation on midlatitude ecosystems of North America. Such a <span class="hlt">rise</span> in synchrony may destabilize ecosystems, expose populations to higher risks of extinction, and is thus a concern given the broad biological relevance of winter climate to biological systems. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030066806&hterms=legal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dlegal','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20030066806&hterms=legal&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D90%26Ntt%3Dlegal"><span>Operation of MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>): Maximizing Science Participation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Eliason, E.; Hansen, C. J.; McEwen, A.; Delamere, W. A.; Bridges, N.; Grant, J.; Gulich, V.; Herkenhoff, K.; Keszthelyi, L.; Kirk, R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Science return from the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) will be optimized by maximizing science participation in the experiment. MRO is expected to arrive at Mars in March 2006, and the primary science phase begins near the end of 2006 after aerobraking (6 months) and a transition phase. The primary science phase lasts for almost 2 Earth years, followed by a 2-year relay phase in which science <span class="hlt">observations</span> by MRO are expected to continue. We expect to acquire approx. 10,000 images with Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> over the course of MRO's two earth-year mission. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> can acquire images with a ground sampling dimension of as little as 30 cm (from a typical altitude of 300 km), in up to 3 colors, and many targets will be re-imaged for stereo. With such high spatial resolution, the percent coverage of Mars will be very limited in spite of the relatively high data rate of MRO (approx. 10x greater than MGS or Odyssey). We expect to cover approx. 1% of Mars at approx. 1m/pixel or better, approx. 0.1% at full resolution, and approx. 0.05% in color or in stereo. Therefore, the placement of each Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> image must be carefully considered in order to maximize the scientific return from MRO. We believe that every <span class="hlt">observation</span> should be the result of a mini research project based on pre-existing datasets. During operations, we will need a large database of carefully researched 'suggested' <span class="hlt">observations</span> to select from. The Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> team is dedicated to involving the broad Mars community in creating this database, to the fullest degree that is both practical and legal. The philosophy of the team and the design of the ground data system are geared to enabling community involvement. A key aspect of this is that image data will be made available to the planetary community for science analysis as quickly as possible to encourage feedback and new ideas for targets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22348467-radio-observations-grb-test-energy-injection-model-explaining-long-lasting-grb-afterglows','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22348467-radio-observations-grb-test-energy-injection-model-explaining-long-lasting-grb-afterglows"><span>Radio <span class="hlt">observations</span> of GRB 100418a: Test of an energy injection model explaining long-lasting GRB afterglows</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Moin, A.; Wang, Z.; Chandra, P.</p> <p></p> <p>We present the results of our radio <span class="hlt">observational</span> campaign of gamma-ray burst (GRB) 100418a, for which we used the Australia Telescope Compact Array, the Very Large Array, and the Very Long Baseline Array. GRB 100418a was a peculiar GRB with unusual X-ray and optical afterglow profiles featuring a plateau phase with a very shallow <span class="hlt">rise</span>. This <span class="hlt">observed</span> plateau phase was believed to be due to a continued energy injection mechanism that powered the forward shock, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to an unusual and long-lasting afterglow. The radio afterglow of GRB 100418a was detectable several weeks after the prompt emission. We conducted long-termmore » monitoring <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the afterglow and attempted to test the energy injection model advocating that the continuous energy injection is due to shells of material moving at a wide range of Lorentz factors. We obtained an upper limit of γ < 7 for the expansion rate of the GRB 100418a radio afterglow, indicating that the range-of-Lorentz factor model could only be applicable for relatively slow-moving ejecta. A preferred explanation could be that continued activity of the central engine may have powered the long-lasting afterglow.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22521971-associations-between-small-scale-structure-local-galactic-neutral-hydrogen-cosmic-microwave-background-observed-planck','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22521971-associations-between-small-scale-structure-local-galactic-neutral-hydrogen-cosmic-microwave-background-observed-planck"><span>ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN SMALL-SCALE STRUCTURE IN LOCAL GALACTIC NEUTRAL HYDROGEN AND IN THE COSMIC MICROWAVE BACKGROUND <span class="hlt">OBSERVED</span> BY PLANCK</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Verschuur, Gerrit L., E-mail: gverschu@naic.edu</p> <p></p> <p>High-resolution galactic neutral hydrogen (HI) data obtained with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) over 56 square degrees of sky around l = 132°, b = 25° are compared with small-scale structure in the Cosmic Microwave Background <span class="hlt">observed</span> by PLANCK, specifically at 143 and 857 GHz, as well as with 100 μm <span class="hlt">observations</span> from the IRIS survey. The analysis uses data in 13 2° × 2° sub-areas found in the IRSA database at IPAC. The results confirm what has been reported previously; nearby galactic HI features and high-frequency continuum sources believed to be cosmological are in fact clearly associated. While severalmore » attempts strongly suggest that the associations are statistically significant, the key to understanding the phenomenon lies in the fact that in any given area HI is associated with cirrus dust at certain HI velocities and with 143 GHz features at different velocities. At the same time, for the 13 sub-areas studied, there is very little overlap between the dust and 143 GHz features. The data do not imply that the HI itself <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the high-frequency continuum emission. Rather, they appear to indicate undiagnosed brightness enhancements indirectly associated with the HI. If low density interstellar electrons concentrated into clumps, or <span class="hlt">observed</span> in directions where their integrated line-of-sight column densities are greater than the background in a manner similar to the phenomena that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to structure in diffuse HI structure, they will profoundly affect attempts to create a foreground electron mask used for processing PLANCK as well as WMAP data.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26968354','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26968354"><span>Dancing with the Stars: How Choreographed Bacterial Interactions Dictate Nososymbiocity and <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Keystone Pathogens, Accessory Pathogens, and Pathobionts.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hajishengallis, George; Lamont, Richard J</p> <p>2016-06-01</p> <p>Many diseases that originate on mucosal membranes ensue from the action of polymicrobial communities of indigenous organisms working in concert to disrupt homeostatic mechanisms. Multilevel physical and chemical communication systems among constituent organisms underlie polymicrobial synergy and dictate the community's pathogenic potential or nososymbiocity, that is, disease arising from living together with a susceptible host. Functional specialization of community participants, often originating from metabolic codependence, has given <span class="hlt">rise</span> to several newly appreciated designations within the commensal-to-pathogen spectrum. Accessory pathogens, while inherently commensal in a particular microenvironment, nonetheless enhance the colonization or metabolic activity of pathogens. Keystone pathogens (bacterial drivers or alpha-bugs) exert their influence at low abundance by modulating both the composition and levels of community participants and by manipulating host responses. Pathobionts (or bacterial passengers) exploit disrupted host homeostasis to flourish and promote inflammatory disease. In this review we discuss how commensal or pathogenic properties of organisms are not intrinsic features, and have to be considered within the context of both the microbial community in which they reside and the host immune status. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ASAJ..117.2417L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005ASAJ..117.2417L"><span>Recent advances in modeling the propagation noise in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> cities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Li, Kai Ming</p> <p>2005-04-01</p> <p>In the past few decades, we have witnessed a rapid growth in mechanized transport and transportation systems. We live in a transport-dominated society which has led to a marked improvement in dispersal of land use and to the increased opportunity for the separate development of residential, commercial, and industrial areas. In dense and high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> cities, various modes of land transportation are the primary source of noise. The problem of transportation noise is not confined by political or social frontiers. It affects the rich who may live in a quiet residential area but who must make full use of transport to maintain their affluent existence, as well as the less fortunate who must live close to a highway, a major road, or an elevated railway line. A systematic development of the capability for accurate predictions of the propagation of land transportation noise in dense high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> cities is highly desirable. This paper summarizes the current models for predicting sound fields in urban environments and <span class="hlt">gives</span> an overview of the recent advances of various numerical models to predict the sound field in urban environments. [Work supported by the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong SAR Government and the Hong Kong Polytechnic University.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.G21B0439S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.G21B0439S"><span>Quantifying and Projecting Relative Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> At The Regional Scale: The Bangladesh Sea-Level Project (BanD-AID)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shum, C. K.; Kuo, C. Y.; Guo, J.; Shang, K.; Tseng, K. H.; Wan, J.; Calmant, S.; Ballu, V.; Valty, P.; Kusche, J.; Hossain, F.; Khan, Z. H.; Rietbroek, R.; Uebbing, B.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>The potential for accelerated sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> under anthropogenic warming is a significant societal problem, in particular in world's coastal deltaic regions where about half of the world's population resides. Quantifying geophysical sources of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> with the goal of improved projection at local scales remains a complex and challenging interdisciplinary research problem. These processes include ice-sheet/glacier ablations, steric sea-level, solid Earth uplift or subsidence due to GIA, tectonics, sediment loading or anthropogenic causes, hydrologic imbalance, and human processes including water retention in reservoirs and aquifer extraction. The 2013 IPCC AR5 concluded that the <span class="hlt">observed</span> and explained geophysical causes of global geocentric sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, 1993-2010, is closer towards closure. However, the discrepancy reveals that circa 1.3→37.5% of the <span class="hlt">observed</span> sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> remains unexplained. This relatively large discrepancy is primarily attributable to the wide range of estimates of respective contributions of Greenland and Antarctic ice-sheets and mountain/peripheral glaciers to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Understanding and quantifying the natural and anthropogenic processes governing solid Earth (land, islands and sea-floor) uplift or subsidence at the regional and local scales remain elusive to enable addressing coastal vulnerability due to relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> hazards, such as the Bangladesh Delta. This study focuses on addressing coastal vulnerability of Bangladesh, a Belmont Forum/IGFA project, BanD-AID (http://Belmont-SeaLevel.org). Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, along with tectonic, sediment load and groundwater extraction induced land uplift/subsidence, have exacerbated Bangladesh's coastal vulnerability, affecting 150 million people in one of the world's most densely populated regions. Here we present preliminary results using space geodetic <span class="hlt">observations</span>, including satellite radar and laser altimetry, GRACE gravity, tide gauge, hydrographic, and GPS/InSAR <span class="hlt">observed</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4580302','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4580302"><span>Active Interpersonal Touch <span class="hlt">Gives</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to the Social Softness Illusion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gentsch, Antje; Panagiotopoulou, Elena; Fotopoulou, Aikaterini</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Summary Social touch plays a powerful role in human life, with important physical and mental health benefits in development and adulthood. Touch is central in building the foundations of social interaction, attachment, and cognition [1–5], and early, social touch has unique, beneficial neurophysiological and epigenetic effects [6–9]. The recent discovery of a separate neurophysiological system for affectively laden touch in humans has further kindled scientific interest in the area [10, 11]. Remarkably, however, little is known about what motivates and sustains the human tendency to touch others in a pro-social manner. Given the importance of social touch, we hypothesized that active stroking elicits more sensory pleasure when touching others’ skin than when touching one’s own skin. In a set of six experiments (total N = 133) we found that healthy participants, mostly tested in pairs to account for any objective differences in skin softness, consistently judged another’s skin as feeling softer and smoother than their own skin. We further found that this softness illusion appeared selectively when the touch activated a neurophysiological system for affective touch in the receiver. We conclude that this sensory illusion underlies a novel, bodily mechanism of socio-affective bonding and enhances our motivation to touch others. PMID:26365257</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1222499-rising-methane-emissions-from-northern-wetlands-associated-sea-ice-decline','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1222499-rising-methane-emissions-from-northern-wetlands-associated-sea-ice-decline"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Zhang, Wenxin; Mi, Yanjiao</p> <p></p> <p>The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process-based biogeochemical models, this study shows that <span class="hlt">rising</span> wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high-latitude emissions for 2005-2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tgmore » CH4 yr(-1) higher compared to 1981-1990 due to a sea ice-induced, autumn-focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, <span class="hlt">observation</span> programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667870','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27667870"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Parmentier, Frans-Jan W; Zhang, Wenxin; Mi, Yanjiao; Zhu, Xudong; van Huissteden, Jacobus; Hayes, Daniel J; Zhuang, Qianlai; Christensen, Torben R; McGuire, A David</p> <p>2015-09-16</p> <p>The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process-based biogeochemical models, this study shows that <span class="hlt">rising</span> wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high-latitude emissions for 2005-2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tg CH 4 yr -1 higher compared to 1981-1990 due to a sea ice-induced, autumn-focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, <span class="hlt">observation</span> programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1222499-rising-methane-emissions-from-northern-wetlands-associated-sea-ice-decline','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1222499-rising-methane-emissions-from-northern-wetlands-associated-sea-ice-decline"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Zhang, Wenxin; Mi, Yanjiao; ...</p> <p>2015-09-10</p> <p>The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process-based biogeochemical models, this study shows that <span class="hlt">rising</span> wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high-latitude emissions for 2005-2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tgmore » CH4 yr(-1) higher compared to 1981-1990 due to a sea ice-induced, autumn-focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, <span class="hlt">observation</span> programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169237','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169237"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Parmentier, Frans-Jan W.; Zhang, Wenxin; Zhu, Xudong; van Huissteden, Jacobus; Hayes, Daniel J.; Zhuang, Qianlai; Christensen, Torben R.; McGuire, A. David</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice-free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process-based biogeochemical models, this study shows that <span class="hlt">rising</span> wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high-latitude emissions for 2005–2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tg CH4 yr−1 higher compared to 1981–1990 due to a sea ice-induced, autumn-focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, <span class="hlt">observation</span> programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5014133','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5014133"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> methane emissions from northern wetlands associated with sea ice decline</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zhang, Wenxin; Mi, Yanjiao; Zhu, Xudong; van Huissteden, Jacobus; Hayes, Daniel J.; Zhuang, Qianlai; Christensen, Torben R.; McGuire, A. David</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Abstract The Arctic is rapidly transitioning toward a seasonal sea ice‐free state, perhaps one of the most apparent examples of climate change in the world. This dramatic change has numerous consequences, including a large increase in air temperatures, which in turn may affect terrestrial methane emissions. Nonetheless, terrestrial and marine environments are seldom jointly analyzed. By comparing satellite <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Arctic sea ice concentrations to methane emissions simulated by three process‐based biogeochemical models, this study shows that <span class="hlt">rising</span> wetland methane emissions are associated with sea ice retreat. Our analyses indicate that simulated high‐latitude emissions for 2005–2010 were, on average, 1.7 Tg CH4 yr−1 higher compared to 1981–1990 due to a sea ice‐induced, autumn‐focused, warming. Since these results suggest a continued <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane emissions with future sea ice decline, <span class="hlt">observation</span> programs need to include measurements during the autumn to further investigate the impact of this spatial connection on terrestrial methane emissions. PMID:27667870</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_8");'>8</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li class="active"><span>10</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_10 --> <div id="page_11" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="201"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nucleation&id=EJ823750','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=nucleation&id=EJ823750"><span>On Capillary <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Nucleation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Prasad, R.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>A comparison of capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> and nucleation is presented. It is shown that both phenomena result from a balance between two competing energy factors: a volume energy and a surface energy. Such a comparison may help to introduce nucleation with a topic familiar to the students, capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span>. (Contains 1 table and 3 figures.)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994WRR....30.3275L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994WRR....30.3275L"><span>Water movement in glass bead porous media: 1. Experiments of capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> and hysteresis</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lu, T. X.; Biggar, J. W.; Nielsen, D. R.</p> <p>1994-12-01</p> <p>Experimental <span class="hlt">observations</span> of capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> and hysteresis of water or ethanol in glass beads are presented to improve our understanding of those physical processes in porous media. The results provide evidence that capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> into porous media cannot be fully explained by a model of cylinders. They further demonstrate that the "Ink bottle" model does not provide an adequate explanation of hysteresis. Glass beads serving as a model for ideal soil are enclosed in a rectangular glass chamber model. A TV camera associated with a microscope was used to record the processes of capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> and drainage. It is clearly shown during capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> that the fluid exhibits a "jump" behavior at the neck of the pores in an initially dry profile or at the bottom of the water film in an initially wet profile. Under an initially dry condition, the jump initiates at the particle with smallest diameter. The jump process continues to higher elevations until at equilibrium the surface tensile force is balanced by the hydrostatic force. The wetting front at that time is readily <span class="hlt">observed</span> as flat and saturated. Under an initially wet condition, capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> occurs as a water film thickening process associated with the jump process. Trapped air behind the wetting front renders the wetting front irregular and unsaturated. The capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> into an initially wet porous medium can be higher than that into an initially dry profile. During the drying process, large surface areas associated with the gas-liquid interface develop, allowing the porous medium to retain more water than during the wetting process at the same pressure. That mechanism explains better the hysteresis phenomenon in porous media in contrast to other mechanisms that now prevail.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3780543','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3780543"><span>Direct <span class="hlt">observation</span> of frequency modulated transcription in single cells using light activation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Larson, Daniel R; Fritzsch, Christoph; Sun, Liang; Meng, Xiuhau; Lawrence, David S; Singer, Robert H</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>Single-cell analysis has revealed that transcription is dynamic and stochastic, but tools are lacking that can determine the mechanism operating at a single gene. Here we utilize single-molecule <span class="hlt">observations</span> of RNA in fixed and living cells to develop a single-cell model of steroid-receptor mediated gene activation. We determine that steroids drive mRNA synthesis by frequency modulation of transcription. This digital behavior in single cells <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the well-known analog dose response across the population. To test this model, we developed a light-activation technology to turn on a single steroid-responsive gene and follow dynamic synthesis of RNA from the activated locus. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.00750.001 PMID:24069527</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23973466','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23973466"><span>Selfless <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Bartels, Daniel M; Kvaran, Trevor; Nichols, Shaun</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>In four studies, we show that people who anticipate more personal change over time <span class="hlt">give</span> more to others. We measure and manipulate participants' beliefs in the persistence of the defining psychological features of a person (e.g., his or her beliefs, values, and life goals) and measure generosity, finding support for the hypothesis in three studies using incentive-compatible charitable donation decisions and one involving hypothetical choices about sharing with loved ones. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303025Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303025Y"><span>Strategic advantages of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yaskova, Natalya</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Traditional methods to assess the competitiveness of different types of real estate in the context of huge changes of new technological way of life don't provide building solutions that would be correct from a strategic perspective. There are many challenges due to changes in the consumers' behavior in the housing area. A multiplicity of life models, a variety of opportunities and priorities, traditions and new trends in construction should be assessed in terms of prospective benefits in the environment of the emerging new world order. At the same time, the mane discourse of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction mainly relates to its design features, technical innovations, and architectural accents. We need to clarify the criteria for economic evaluation of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction in order to provide decisions with clear and quantifiable contexts. The suggested approach to assessing the strategic advantage of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction and the prospects for capitalization of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings poses new challenges for the economy to identify adequate quantitative assessment methods of the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings economic efficiency, taking into account all stages of their life cycle.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..75...85C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JSAES..75...85C"><span>Basement structures over Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> from gravity inversion</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Constantino, Renata Regina; Hackspacher, Peter Christian; de Souza, Iata Anderson; Lima Costa, Iago Sousa</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>The basement depth in the Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (RGR), South Atlantic, is estimated from combining gravity data obtained from satellite altimetry, marine surveys, bathymetry, sediment thickness and crustal thickness information. We formulate a crustal model of the region by inverse gravity modeling. The effect of the sediment layer is evaluated using the global sediment thickness model of National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and fitting the sediment compaction model to <span class="hlt">observed</span> density values from Deep Sea Drilling Project (DSDP) reports. The Global Relief Model ETOPO1 and constraining data from seismic interpretation on crustal thickness are integrated in the inversion process. The modeled Moho depth values vary between 6 and 27 km over the area, being thicker under the RGR and also in the direction of São Paulo Plateau. The inversion for the gravity-equivalent basement topography is applied to gravity residual data, which is free from the gravity effect of sediments and from the gravity effect of the estimated Moho interface. We find several short-wavelengths structures not present in the bathymetry data. Our model shows a rift crossing the entire Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> deeper than previously presented in literature, with depths up to 5 km in the East Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (ERGR) and deeper in the West Rio Grande <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (WRGR), reaching 6.4 km. An interesting NS structure that goes from 34°S and extends through de São Paulo Ridge may be related to the South Atlantic Opening and could reveal an extinct spreading center.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=America%27s+AND+military&pg=4&id=EJ866709','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=America%27s+AND+military&pg=4&id=EJ866709"><span>Choices for a <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Generation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Obama, Barack</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This article presents an essay by the 2008 Democratic Party Presidential Nominee. This essay focuses on the role of the <span class="hlt">rising</span> generation in bringing about real change in America. The author contends that, at this historic moment, Americans must ask their <span class="hlt">rising</span> generation to serve their country as Americans always have--by working on a political…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012561','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012561"><span>Massive deep-sea sulphide ore deposits discovered on the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Francheteau, Jean; Needham, H.D.; Choukroune, P.; Juteau, Tierre; Seguret, M.; Ballard, Richard D.; Fox, P.J.; Normark, William; Carranza, A.; Cordoba, D.; Guerrero, J.; Rangin, C.; Bougault, H.; Cambon, P.; Hekinian, R.</p> <p>1979-01-01</p> <p>Massive ore-grade zinc, copper and iron sulphide deposits have been found at the axis of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. Although their presence on the deep ocean-floor had been predicted there was no supporting <span class="hlt">observational</span> evidence. The East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> deposits represent a modern analogue of Cyprus-type sulphide ores associated with ophiolitic rocks on land. They contain at least 29% zinc metal and 6% metallic copper. Their discovery will provide a new focus for deep-sea exploration, leading to new assessments of the concentration of metals in the upper layers of the oceanic crust. ?? 1979 Nature Publishing Group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18298542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18298542"><span>In vitro pulp chamber temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> from irradiation and exotherm of flowable composites.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Baroudi, Kusai; Silikas, Nick; Watts, David C</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>The aim of this study was to investigate the pulpal temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> induced during the polymerization of flowable and non-flowable composites using light-emitting diode (LED) and halogen (quartz-tungsten-halogen) light-curing units (LCUs). Five flowable and three non-flowable composites were examined. Pulpal temperature changes were recorded over 10 min in a sample primary tooth by a thermocouple. A conventional quartz-tungsten-halogen source and two LEDs, one of which was programmable, were used for light curing the resin composites. Three repetitions per material were made for each LCU. There was a wide range of temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> among the materials (P < 0.05). Temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> ranged between 1.3 degrees C for Filtek Supreme irradiated by low-power LED and 4.5 degrees C for Grandio Flow irradiated by high-power LED. The highest temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> were <span class="hlt">observed</span> with both the LED high-power and soft-start LCUs. The time to reach the exothermic peak varied significantly between the materials (P < 0.05). Pulpal temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> is related to both the radiant energy output from LCUs and the polymerization exotherm of resin composites. A greater potential risk for heat-induced pulp damage might be associated with high-power LED sources. Flowable composites exhibited higher temperature <span class="hlt">rises</span> than non-flowable materials, because of higher resin contents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.304...64L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Geomo.304...64L"><span>Implications of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in a modern carbonate ramp setting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lokier, Stephen W.; Court, Wesley M.; Onuma, Takumi; Paul, Andreas</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>This study addresses a gap in our understanding of the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the sedimentary systems and morphological development of recent and ancient carbonate ramp settings. Many ancient carbonate sequences are interpreted as having been deposited in carbonate ramp settings. These settings are poorly-represented in the Recent. The study documents the present-day transgressive flooding of the Abu Dhabi coastline at the southern shoreline of the Arabian/Persian Gulf, a carbonate ramp depositional system that is widely employed as a Recent analogue for numerous ancient carbonate systems. Fourteen years of field-based <span class="hlt">observations</span> are integrated with historical and recent high-resolution satellite imagery in order to document and assess the onset of flooding. Predicted rates of transgression (i.e. landward movement of the shoreline) of 2.5 m yr- 1 (± 0.2 m yr- 1) based on global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> alone were far exceeded by the flooding rate calculated from the back-stepping of coastal features (10-29 m yr- 1). This discrepancy results from the dynamic nature of the flooding with increased water depth exposing the coastline to increased erosion and, thereby, enhancing back-stepping. A non-accretionary transgressive shoreline trajectory results from relatively rapid sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> coupled with a low-angle ramp geometry and a paucity of sediments. The flooding is represented by the landward migration of facies belts, a range of erosive features and the onset of bioturbation. Employing Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Church et al., 2013) predictions for 21st century sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and allowing for the post-flooding lag time that is typical for the start-up of carbonate factories, it is calculated that the coastline will continue to retrograde for the foreseeable future. Total passive flooding (without considering feedback in the modification of the shoreline) by the year 2100 is calculated to likely be between 340 and 571 m with a flooding rate of 3</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014775','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70014775"><span>Multi-channel seismic imaging of a crustal magma chamber along the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Detrick, R. S.; Buhl, P.; Vera, E.; Mutter, J.; Orcutt, J.; Madsen, J.; Brocher, T.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A reflection <span class="hlt">observed</span> on multi-channel seismic profiles along and across the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> between 8??50??? N and 13??30??? N is interpreted to arise from the top of a crustal magma chamber located 1.2-2.4 km below the sea floor. The magma chamber is quite narrow (<4 - 6 km wide), but can be traced as a nearly continuous feature for tens of kilometres along the <span class="hlt">rise</span> axis. ?? 1987 Nature Publishing Group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21455100-temporal-spectral-characteristics-fast-rise-exponential-decay-gamma-ray-burst-pulses','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21455100-temporal-spectral-characteristics-fast-rise-exponential-decay-gamma-ray-burst-pulses"><span>THE TEMPORAL AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF 'FAST <span class="hlt">RISE</span> AND EXPONENTIAL DECAY' GAMMA-RAY BURST PULSES</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Peng, Z. Y.; Ma, L.; Yin, Y.</p> <p>2010-08-01</p> <p>In this paper, we have analyzed the temporal and spectral behavior of 52 fast <span class="hlt">rise</span> and exponential decay (FRED) pulses in 48 long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) <span class="hlt">observed</span> by the CGRO/BATSE, using a pulse model with two shape parameters and the Band model with three shape parameters, respectively. It is found that these FRED pulses are distinguished both temporally and spectrally from those in the long-lag pulses. In contrast to the long-lag pulses, only one parameter pair indicates an evident correlation among the five parameters, which suggests that at least four parameters are needed to model burst temporal and spectral behavior.more » In addition, our studies reveal that these FRED pulses have the following correlated properties: (1) long-duration pulses have harder spectra and are less luminous than short-duration pulses and (2) the more asymmetric the pulses are, the steeper are the evolutionary curves of the peak energy (E{sub p}) in the {nu}f{sub {nu}} spectrum within the pulse decay phase. Our statistical results <span class="hlt">give</span> some constraints on the current GRB models.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017xru..conf..303M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017xru..conf..303M"><span>Evidence for a decay of the faint flaring rate of Sgr A* from 2013 Aug., 13 months before a <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the before a <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the bright one</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mossoux, E.; Grosso, N.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Thanks to the overall 1999-2015 Chandra, XMM-Newton and Swift <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the supermassive black hole at the center of our Galaxy, Sgr A*, we tested the significance and persistence of the increase of 'bright and very bright' X-ray flaring rate (FR) argued by Ponti et al. (2015). We detected the flares <span class="hlt">observed</span> with Swift using the binned light curves whereas those <span class="hlt">observed</span> by XMM-Newton and Chandra were detected using the two-steps Bayesian blocks (BB) algorithm with a prior number of change-points properly calibrated. We then applied this algorithm on the flare arrival times corrected from the detection efficiency computed for each <span class="hlt">observation</span> thanks to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> distribution of flare fluxes and durations. We confirmed a constant overall FR and a <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the FR for the faintest flares from 2014 Aug. 31 and identified a decay of the FR for the brightest flares from 2013 Aug. and Nov. A mass transfer from the Dusty S-cluster Object/G2 to Sgr A* is not required to produce the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of bright FR since the energy saved by the decay of the number of faint flares during a long time period may be later released by several bright flares during a shorter time period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.185 - Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. 137.185 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.185 Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour... carbon dioxide evolved under ordinary conditions of use of the enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour is not less...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2013-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.185 - Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. 137.185 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.185 Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour... carbon dioxide evolved under ordinary conditions of use of the enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour is not less...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2012-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.185 - Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. 137.185 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.185 Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour... carbon dioxide evolved under ordinary conditions of use of the enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour is not less...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf','CFR2014'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2014-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2014-title21-vol2-sec137-185.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.185 - Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2014&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. 137.185 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.185 Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour. Enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour... carbon dioxide evolved under ordinary conditions of use of the enriched self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> flour is not less...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=giving+AND+advice&id=EJ996046','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=giving+AND+advice&id=EJ996046"><span>The Role of Parents in Young Adolescents' Competence with Peers: An <span class="hlt">Observational</span> Study of Advice <span class="hlt">Giving</span> and Intrusiveness</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Poulin, Francois; Nadeau, Karine; Scaramella, Laura V.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Young adolescents who encounter difficulties with peers can consult with their parents to help solve these problems. In this context, this study examines the contribution of adolescents' disclosure, parental advice <span class="hlt">giving</span>, and parental intrusiveness into adolescents' social and behavioral adjustment. Young adolescents (N = 93; 49% girls; mean age…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030050','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17030050"><span>Factors accounting for the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in health-care spending in the United States: the role of <span class="hlt">rising</span> disease prevalence and treatment intensity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thorpe, Kenneth E</p> <p>2006-11-01</p> <p>To examine the factors responsible for the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in health- care spending in the United States over the past 15 years. Nationally representative survey data from 1987 and 2003 were used to examine the top medical conditions accounting for the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in spending. I also estimate how much of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> is traced to <span class="hlt">rising</span> treated disease prevalence and <span class="hlt">rising</span> spending per case. The study finds most of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in spending is linked to <span class="hlt">rising</span> rates of treated disease prevalence. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> in prevalence is associated with the doubling of obesity in the US and changes in clinical thresholds for treating asymptomatic patients with certain cardiovascular risk factors. Most of the policy solutions offered in the US to slow the growth in spending do not address the fundamental factors accounting for spending growth. More aggressive efforts for slowing the growth in obesity among adults and children should be centre-stage in the efforts to slow the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in health-care spending.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SSEle.140..109J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018SSEle.140..109J"><span>Effect of liquid gate bias <span class="hlt">rising</span> time in pH sensors based on Si nanowire ion sensitive field effect transistors</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jang, Jungkyu; Choi, Sungju; Kim, Jungmok; Park, Tae Jung; Park, Byung-Gook; Kim, Dong Myong; Choi, Sung-Jin; Lee, Seung Min; Kim, Dae Hwan; Mo, Hyun-Sun</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>In this study, we investigate the effect of <span class="hlt">rising</span> time (TR) of liquid gate bias (VLG) on transient responses in pH sensors based on Si nanowire ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs). As TR becomes shorter and pH values decrease, the ISFET current takes a longer time to saturate to the pH-dependent steady-state value. By correlating VLG with the internal gate-to-source voltage of the ISFET, we found that this effect occurs when the drift/diffusion of mobile ions in analytes in response to VLG is delayed. This <span class="hlt">gives</span> us useful insight on the design of ISFET-based point-of-care circuits and systems, particularly with respect to determining an appropriate <span class="hlt">rising</span> time for the liquid gate bias.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_9");'>9</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li class="active"><span>11</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_11 --> <div id="page_12" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="221"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407938','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23407938"><span>Axons <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the palisade endings of feline extraocular muscles display motor features.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Zimmermann, Lars; Morado-Díaz, Camilo J; Davis-López de Carrizosa, María A; de la Cruz, Rosa R; May, Paul J; Streicher, Johannes; Pastor, Ángel M; Blumer, Roland</p> <p>2013-02-13</p> <p>Palisade endings are nerve specializations found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of mammals, including primates. They have long been postulated to be proprioceptors. It was recently demonstrated that palisade endings are cholinergic and that in monkeys they originate from the EOM motor nuclei. Nevertheless, there is considerable difference of opinion concerning the nature of palisade ending function. Palisade endings in EOMs were examined in cats to test whether they display motor or sensory characteristics. We injected an anterograde tracer into the oculomotor or abducens nuclei and combined tracer visualization with immunohistochemistry and α-bungarotoxin staining. Employing immunohistochemistry, we performed molecular analyses of palisade endings and trigeminal ganglia to determine whether cat palisade endings are a cholinergic trigeminal projection. We confirmed that palisade endings are cholinergic and showed, for the first time, that they, like extraocular motoneurons, are also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Following tracer injection into the EOM nuclei, we <span class="hlt">observed</span> tracer-positive palisade endings that exhibited choline acetyl transferase immunoreactivity. The tracer-positive nerve fibers supplying palisade endings also established motor terminals along the muscle fibers, as demonstrated by α-bungarotoxin. Neither the trigeminal ganglion nor the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve contained cholinergic elements. This study confirms that palisade endings originate in the EOM motor nuclei and further indicates that they are extensions of the axons supplying the muscle fiber related to the palisade. The present work excludes the possibility that they receive cholinergic trigeminal projections. These findings call into doubt the proposed proprioceptive function of palisade endings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4811327','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4811327"><span>Axons <span class="hlt">Giving</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to the Palisade Endings of Feline Extraocular Muscles Display Motor Features</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Zimmermann, Lars; Morado-Díaz, Camilo J.; de Carrizosa, María A. Davis-López; de la Cruz, Rosa R.; May, Paul J.; Streicher, Johannes; Pastor, Ángel M.; Blumer, Roland</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Palisade endings are nerve specializations found in the extraocular muscles (EOMs) of mammals, including primates. They have long been postulated to be proprioceptors. It was recently demonstrated that palisade endings are cholinergic and that in monkeys they originate from the EOM motor nuclei. Nevertheless, there is considerable difference of opinion concerning the nature of palisade ending function. Palisade endings in EOMs were examined in cats to test whether they display motor or sensory characteristics. We injected an anterograde tracer into the oculomotor or abducens nuclei and combined tracer visualization with immunohistochemistry and α-bungarotoxin staining. Employing immunohistochemistry, we performed molecular analyses of palisade endings and trigeminal ganglia to determine whether cat palisade endings are a cholinergic trigeminal projection. We confirmed that palisade endings are cholinergic and showed, for the first time, that they, like extraocular motoneurons, are also immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide. Following tracer injection into the EOM nuclei, we <span class="hlt">observed</span> tracer-positive palisade endings that exhibited choline acetyl transferase immunoreactivity. The tracer-positive nerve fibers supplying palisade endings also established motor terminals along the muscle fibers, as demonstrated by α-bungarotoxin. Neither the trigeminal ganglion nor the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve contained cholinergic elements. This study confirms that palisade endings originate in the EOM motor nuclei and further indicates that they are extensions of the axons supplying the muscle fiber related to the palisade. The present work excludes the possibility that they receive cholinergic trigeminal projections. These findings call into doubt the proposed proprioceptive function of palisade endings. PMID:23407938</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.3350D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.3350D"><span>Detecting anthropogenic footprints in sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>: the role of complex colored noise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dangendorf, Sönke; Marcos, Marta; Müller, Alfred; Zorita, Eduardo; Jensen, Jürgen</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>While there is scientific consensus that global mean sea level (MSL) is <span class="hlt">rising</span> since the late 19th century, it remains unclear how much of this <span class="hlt">rise</span> is due to natural variability or anthropogenic forcing. Uncovering the anthropogenic contribution requires profound knowledge about the persistence of natural MSL variations. This is challenging, since <span class="hlt">observational</span> time series represent the superposition of various processes with different spectral properties. Here we statistically estimate the upper bounds of naturally forced centennial MSL trends on the basis of two separate components: a slowly varying volumetric (mass and density changes) and a more rapidly changing atmospheric component. Resting on a combination of spectral analyses of tide gauge records, ocean reanalysis data and numerical Monte-Carlo experiments, we find that in records where transient atmospheric processes dominate, the persistence of natural volumetric changes is underestimated. If each component is assessed separately, natural centennial trends are locally up to ~0.5 mm/yr larger than in case of an integrated assessment. This implies that external trends in MSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> related to anthropogenic forcing might be generally overestimated. By applying our approach to the outputs of a centennial ocean reanalysis (SODA), we estimate maximum natural trends in the order of 1 mm/yr for the global average. This value is larger than previous estimates, but consistent with recent paleo evidence from periods in which the anthropogenic contribution was absent. Comparing our estimate to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> 20th century MSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> of 1.7 mm/yr suggests a minimum external contribution of at least 0.7 mm/yr. We conclude that an accurate detection of anthropogenic footprints in MSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> requires a more careful assessment of the persistence of intrinsic natural variability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..234M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatCC...8..234M"><span>Under-estimated wave contribution to coastal sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Melet, Angélique; Meyssignac, Benoit; Almar, Rafael; Le Cozannet, Gonéri</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Coastal communities are threatened by sea-level changes operating at various spatial scales; global to regional variations are associated with glacier and ice sheet loss and ocean thermal expansion, while smaller coastal-scale variations are also related to atmospheric surges, tides and waves. Here, using 23 years (1993-2015) of global coastal sea-level <span class="hlt">observations</span>, we examine the contribution of these latter processes to long-term sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, which, to date, have been relatively less explored. It is found that wave contributions can strongly dampen or enhance the effects of thermal expansion and land ice loss on coastal water-level changes at interannual-to-multidecadal timescales. Along the US West Coast, for example, negative wave-induced trends dominate, leading to negative net water-level trends. Accurate estimates of past, present and future coastal sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> therefore need to consider low-frequency contributions of wave set-up and swash.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303065E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303065E"><span>Socioecological Aspects of High-<span class="hlt">rise</span> Construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Eichner, Michael; Ivanova, Zinaida</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this article, the authors consider the socioecological problems that arise in the construction and operation of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings. They study different points of view on high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction and note that the approaches to this problem are very different. They also analyse projects of modern architects and which attempts are made to overcome negative impacts on nature and mankind. The article contains materials of sociological research, confirming the ambivalent attitude of urban population to high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings. In addition, one of the author's sociological survey reveals the level of environmental preparedness of the university students, studying in the field of "Construction of unique buildings and structures", raising the question of how future specialists are ready to take into account socioecological problems. Conclusion of the authors: the construction of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings is associated with huge social and environmental risks, negative impact on the biosphere and human health. This requires deepened skills about sustainable design methods and environmental friendly construction technologies of future specialists. Professor M. Eichner presents in the article his case study project results on implementation of holistic eco-sustainable construction principles for mixed-use high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building in the metropolis of Cairo.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DPS....4940002B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017DPS....4940002B"><span>Automated Mapping and Characterization of RSL from Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> data with MAARSL</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bue, Brian; Wagstaff, Kiri; Stillman, David</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>Recurring slope lineae (RSL) are narrow (0.5-5m) low-albedo features on Mars that recur, fade, and incrementally lengthen on steep slopes throughout the year. Determining the processes that generate RSL requires detailed analysis of high-resolution orbital images to measure RSL surface properties and seasonal variation. However, conducting this analysis manually is labor intensive, time consuming, and infeasible given the large number of relevant sites. This abstract describes the Mapping and Automated Analysis of RSL (MAARSL) system, which we designed to aid large-scale analysis of seasonal RSL properties. MAARSL takes an ordered sequence of high spatial resolution, orthorectified, and coregistered orbital image data (e.g., MRO Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images) and a corresponding Digital Terrain Model (DTM) as input and performs three primary functions: (1) detect and delineate candidate RSL in each image, (2) compute statistics of surface morphology and <span class="hlt">observed</span> radiance for each candidate, and (3) measure temporal variation between candidates in adjacent images.The main challenge in automatic image-based RSL detection is discriminating true RSL from other low-albedo regions such as shadows or changes in surface materials is . To discriminate RSL from shadows, MAARSL constructs a linear illumination model for each image based on the DTM and position and orientation of the instrument at image acquisition time. We filter out any low-albedo regions that appear to be shadows via a least-squares fit between the modeled illumination and the <span class="hlt">observed</span> intensity in each image. False detections occur in areas where the 1m/pixel Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> DTM poorly captures the variability of terrain <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the 0.25m/pixel Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images. To remove these spurious detections, we developed an interactive machine learning graphical interface that uses expert input to filter and validate the RSL candidates. This tool yielded 636 candidates from a well-studied sequence of 18 Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images of Garni crater in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C34B..02B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.C34B..02B"><span>Constraining ice sheet history in the Weddell Sea, West Antarctica, using ice fabric at Korff Ice <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Brisbourne, A.; Smith, A.; Kendall, J. M.; Baird, A. F.; Martin, C.; Kingslake, J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The grounding history of ice <span class="hlt">rises</span> (grounded area of independent flow regime within a floating ice shelf) can be used to constrain large scale ice sheet history: ice fabric, resulting from the preferred orientation of ice crystals due to the stress regime, can be used to infer this grounding history. With the aim of measuring the present day ice fabric at Korff Ice <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, West Antarctica, a multi-azimuth wide-angle seismic experiment was undertaken. Three wide-angle common-midpoint gathers were acquired centred on the apex of the ice <span class="hlt">rise</span>, at azimuths of 60 degrees to one another, to measure variation in seismic properties with offset and azimuth. Both vertical and horizontal receivers were used to record P and S arrivals including converted phases. Measurements of the variation with offset and azimuth of seismic traveltimes, seismic attenuation and shear wave splitting have been used to quantify seismic anisotropy in the ice column. The <span class="hlt">observations</span> cannot be reproduced using an isotropic ice column model. Anisotropic ray tracing has been used to test likely models of ice fabric by comparison with the data. A model with a weak girdle fabric overlying a strong cluster fabric provides the best fit to the <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Fabric of this nature is consistent with Korff Ice <span class="hlt">Rise</span> having been stable for the order of 10,000 years without any ungrounding or significant change in the ice flow configuration across the ice <span class="hlt">rise</span> for this period. This <span class="hlt">observation</span> has significant implications for the ice sheet history of the Weddell Sea sector.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DPPB11080B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..DPPB11080B"><span><span class="hlt">Observations</span> of temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> during electron cyclotron heating application in Proto-MPEX</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Biewer, T. M.; Bigelow, T.; Caneses, J. F.; Diem, S. J.; Rapp, J.; Reinke, M.; Kafle, N.; Ray, H. B.; Showers, M.</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>The Prototype Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (Proto-MPEX) at ORNL utilizes a variety of power systems to generate and deliver a high heat flux plasma (1 MW/m2 for these discharges) onto the surface of material targets. In the experiments described here, up to 120 kW of 13.56 MHz ``helicon'' waves are combined with 20 kW of 28 GHz microwaves to produce Deuterium plasma discharges. The 28 GHz waves are launched in a region of the device where the magnetic field is axially varying near 0.8 T, resulting in the presence of a 2nd harmonic electron cyclotron heating (ECH) resonance layer that transects the plasma column. The electron density and temperature profiles are measured using a Thomson scattering (TS) diagnostic, and indicate that the electron density is radially peaked. In the core of the plasma column the electron density is higher than the cut-off density (0.9x1019 m-3) for ECH waves to propagate and O-X-B mode conversion into electron Bernstien waves (EBW) is expected. TS measurements indicate electron temperature increases during 28 GHz wave application, <span class="hlt">rising</span> (from 5 eV to 20 eV) as the neutral Deuterium pressure is reduced below 1 mTorr. This work was supported by the US. D.O.E. contract DE-AC05-00OR22725.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..DFD.BC006S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007APS..DFD.BC006S"><span>Experimental study on wake structure of single <span class="hlt">rising</span> clean bubble</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sato, Ayaka; Takedomi, Yuta; Shirota, Minori; Sanada, Toshiyuki; Watanabe, Masao</p> <p>2007-11-01</p> <p>Wake structure of clean bubble <span class="hlt">rising</span> in quiescent silicone oil solution of photochromic dye is experimentally studied. A single bubble is generated, immediately after UV sheet light illuminates the part of the liquid just above the bubble generation nozzle in order to activate photochromic dye. Once the bubble passes across the colored part of the liquid, the bubble is accompanied by some portion of activated dye tracers; hence the flow structure in the rear of the single <span class="hlt">rising</span> bubble is visualized. We capture stereo images of both wake structure and bubble motion. We study how wake structure changes with the increase in bubble size. We <span class="hlt">observe</span> the stable axisymmetric wake structure, which is called `standing eddy' when bubble size is relatively small, and then wake structure becomes unstable and starts to oscillate with the increase in bubble size. With further increase in bubble size, a pair of streamwise vortices, which is called `double thread', is <span class="hlt">observed</span>. We discuss in detail this transition from the steady wake to unsteady wake structure, especially double thread wake development and hairpin vortices shedding, in relation to the transition from rectilinear to spiral or zigzag bubble motions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012202','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012202"><span>Volcanic rocks cored on hess <span class="hlt">rise</span>, Western Pacific Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Vallier, T.L.; Windom, K.E.; Seifert, K.E.; Thiede, Jorn</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>Large aseismic <span class="hlt">rises</span> and plateaus in the western Pacific include the Ontong-Java Plateau, Magellan <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, Mid-Pacific Mountains, and Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. These are relatively old features that <span class="hlt">rise</span> above surrounding sea floors as bathymetric highs. Thick sequences of carbonate sediments overlie, what are believed to be, Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous volcanic pedestals. We discuss here petrological and tectonic implications of data from volcanic rocks cored on Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. The data suggest that Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span> originated at a spreading centre in the late early Cretaceous (Aptian-Albian stages). Subsequent off-ridge volcanism in the late Albian-early Cenomanian stages built a large archipelago of oceanic islands and seamounts composed, at least in part, of alkalic rocks. The volcanic platform subsided during its northward passage through the mid-Cretaceousequatorial zone. Faulting and uplift, and possibly volcanism, occurred in the latest Cretaceous (Campanian-Maastrichtian stages). Since then, Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span> continued its northward movement and subsidence. Volcanic rocks from holes drilled on Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span> during IPOD Leg 62 (Fig. 1) are briefly described here and we relate the petrological data to the origin and evolution of that <span class="hlt">rise</span>. These are the first volcanic rocks reported from Hess <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. ?? 1980 Nature Publishing Group.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAr62W1..237D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ISPAr62W1..237D"><span>The Impact of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> on Geodetic Vertical Datum of Peninsular Malaysia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Din, A. H. M.; Abazu, I. C.; Pa'suya, M. F.; Omar, K. M.; Hamid, A. I. A.</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is rapidly turning into major issues among our community and all levels of the government are working to develop responses to ensure these matters are given the uttermost attention in all facets of planning. It is more interesting to understand and investigate the present day sea level variation due its potential impact, particularly on our national geodetic vertical datum. To determine present day sea level variation, it is vital to consider both in-situ tide gauge and remote sensing measurements. This study presents an effort to quantify the sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rate and magnitude over Peninsular Malaysia using tide gauge and multi-mission satellite altimeter. The time periods taken for both techniques are 32 years (from 1984 to 2015) for tidal data and 23 years (from 1993 to 2015) for altimetry data. Subsequently, the impact of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on Peninsular Malaysia Geodetic Vertical Datum (PMGVD) is evaluated in this study. the difference between MSL computed from 10 years (1984 - 1993) and 32 years (1984 - 2015) tidal data at Port Kelang showed that the increment of sea level is about 27mm. The computed magnitude showed an estimate of the long-term effect a change in MSL has on the geodetic vertical datum of Port Kelang tide gauge station. This will help <span class="hlt">give</span> a new insight on the establishment of national geodetic vertical datum based on mean sea level data. Besides, this information can be used for a wide variety of climatic applications to study environmental issues related to flood and global warming in Malaysia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-0301104&hterms=images+mars&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dimages%2Bmars','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=MSFC-0301104&hterms=images+mars&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D30%26Ntt%3Dimages%2Bmars"><span>Chandra Image <span class="hlt">Gives</span> First Look at Mars Emitted X-Rays</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p></p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Giving</span> scientists their first look, Chandra <span class="hlt">observed</span> x-rays produced by fluorescent radiation from oxygen atoms of the Sun in the sparse upper atmosphere of Mars, about 120 kilometers (75 miles) above its surface. The x-ray power detected from the Martian atmosphere is very small, amounting to only 4 megawatts, comparable to the x-ray power of about ten thousand medical x-ray machines. At the time of the Chandra <span class="hlt">observation</span>, a huge dust storm developed on Mars that covered about one hemisphere, later to cover the entire planet. This hemisphere rotated out of view over the 9-hour <span class="hlt">observation</span>, but no change was <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the x-ray intensity indicating that the dust storm did not affect the upper atmosphere. Scientists also <span class="hlt">observed</span> a halo of x-rays extending out to 7,000 kilometers above the surface of Mars believed to be produced by collisions of ions racing away from the Sun (the solar wind).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537141','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16537141"><span>On the rate and causes of twentieth century sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Miller, Laury; Douglas, Bruce C</p> <p>2006-04-15</p> <p>Both the rate and causes of twentieth century global sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (GSLR) have been controversial. Estimates from tide-gauges range from less than one, to more than two millimetre yr(-1). In contrast, values based on the processes mostly responsible for GSLR-mass increase (from mountain glaciers and the great high latitude ice masses) and volume increase (expansion due to ocean warming)-fall below this range. Either the gauge estimates are too high, or one (or both) of the component estimates is too low. Gauge estimates of GSLR have been in dispute for several decades because of vertical land movements, especially due to glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA). More recently, the possibility has been raised that coastal tide-gauges measure exaggerated rates of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> because of localized ocean warming. Presented here are two approaches to a resolution of these problems. The first is morphological, based on the limiting values of <span class="hlt">observed</span> trends of twentieth century relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> as a function of distance from the centres of the ice loads at last glacial maximum. This <span class="hlt">observational</span> approach, which does not depend on a geophysical model of GIA, supports values of GSLR near 2 mm yr(-1). The second approach involves an analysis of long records of tide-gauge and hydrographic (in situ temperature and salinity) <span class="hlt">observations</span> in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. It was found that sea-level trends from tide-gauges, which reflect both mass and volume change, are 2-3 times higher than rates based on hydrographic data which reveal only volume change. These results support those studies that put the twentieth century rate near 2 mm yr(-1), thereby indicating that mass increase plays a much larger role than ocean warming in twentieth century GSLR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221930','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22221930"><span>The <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the regulatory state in health care: a comparative analysis of The Netherlands, England and Italy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Helderman, Jan-Kees; Bevan, Gwyn; France, George</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In a relatively short time, regulation has become a significant and distinct feature of how modern states wish to govern and steer their economy and society. Whereas the former 'dirigiste' state used to be closely related to public ownership (e.g. hospitals), planning (volume and capacity planning) and centralised administration (e.g. fixed prices and budgets), the new regulatory state relies mainly on the instrument of regulation to achieve its objectives. In this paper, we wish to relate the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the 'regulatory state' to the path-dependent trajectories and institutional legacies of discrete European health-care systems. For this purpose, we compared the Dutch corporatist social health insurance system, the strongly centralised National Health Service (NHS) of England and federal regionalised NHS system of Italy. Comparing these three different health-care systems suggests that it is indeed possible to identify a general trend towards the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the regulatory state in health care in the last two decades. However, although the three countries examined in this paper face similar problems of multilevel governance of networks of third-party payers and providers, each system also <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to its own distinct regulatory challenges. © Cambridge University Press 2012</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5808223','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5808223"><span>Sociality Mental Modes Modulate the Processing of Advice-<span class="hlt">Giving</span>: An Event-Related Potentials Study</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Li, Jin; Zhan, Youlong; Fan, Wei; Liu, Lei; Li, Mei; Sun, Yu; Zhong, Yiping</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>People have different motivations to get along with others in different sociality mental modes (i.e., communal mode and market mode), which might affect social decision-making. The present study examined how these two types of sociality mental modes affect the processing of advice-<span class="hlt">giving</span> using the event-related potentials (ERPs). After primed with the communal mode and market mode, participants were instructed to decide whether or not <span class="hlt">give</span> an advice (profitable or damnous) to a stranger without any feedback. The behavioral results showed that participants preferred to <span class="hlt">give</span> the profitable advice to the stranger more slowly compared with the damnous advice, but this difference was only <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the market mode condition. The ERP results indicated that participants demonstrated more negative N1 amplitude for the damnous advice compared with the profitable advice, and larger P300 was elicited in the market mode relative to both the communal mode and the control group. More importantly, participants in the market mode demonstrated larger P300 for the profitable advice than the damnous advice, whereas this difference was not <span class="hlt">observed</span> at the communal mode and the control group. These findings are consistent with the dual-process system during decision-making and suggest that market mode may lead to deliberate calculation for costs and benefits when <span class="hlt">giving</span> the profitable advice to others. PMID:29467689</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830997','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19830997"><span>The three Ts of <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yarborough, Craig S</p> <p>2009-04-01</p> <p>The profession of dentistry is recognized as one of the most trusted, honest, and ethical professions by many sources. But are we the most generous with the three Ts of philanthropic <span class="hlt">giving</span>: time, talent, and treasure? We are fortunate to be able to do what we do and are rewarded accordingly. No matter what stage of dentistry our career is in, we should be able to <span class="hlt">give</span> back to our profession, our communities, and society in one, if not all three, of the Ts of philanthropy.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27702785','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27702785"><span>Inhibition of Shh signalling in the chick wing <span class="hlt">gives</span> insights into digit patterning and evolution.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Pickering, Joseph; Towers, Matthew</p> <p>2016-10-01</p> <p>In an influential model of pattern formation, a gradient of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signalling in the chick wing bud specifies cells with three antero-posterior positional values, which <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to three morphologically different digits by a self-organizing mechanism with Turing-like properties. However, as four of the five digits of the mouse limb are morphologically similar in terms of phalangeal pattern, it has been suggested that self-organization alone could be sufficient. Here, we show that inhibition of Shh signalling at a specific stage of chick wing development results in a pattern of four digits, three of which can have the same number of phalanges. These patterning changes are dependent on a posterior extension of the apical ectodermal ridge, and this also allows the additional digit to arise from the Shh-producing cells of the polarizing region - an ability lost in ancestral theropod dinosaurs. Our analyses reveal that, if the specification of antero-posterior positional values is curtailed, self-organization can then produce several digits with the same number of phalanges. We present a model that may <span class="hlt">give</span> important insights into how the number of digits and phalanges has diverged during the evolution of avian and mammalian limbs. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NHESS..16.1571E','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016NHESS..16.1571E"><span>GIS analysis of effects of future Baltic sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the island of Gotland, Sweden</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ebert, Karin; Ekstedt, Karin; Jarsjö, Jerker</p> <p>2016-07-01</p> <p>Future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> as a consequence of global warming will affect the world's coastal regions. Even though the pace of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is not clear, the consequences will be severe and global. Commonly the effects of future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> are investigated for relatively vulnerable development countries; however, a whole range of varying regions needs to be considered in order to improve the understanding of global consequences. In this paper we investigate consequences of future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> along the coast of the Baltic Sea island of Gotland, Sweden, with the aim to fill knowledge gaps regarding comparatively well-suited areas in developed countries. We study both the quantity of the loss of features of infrastructure, cultural, and natural value in the case of a 2 m sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the Baltic Sea and the effects of climate change on seawater intrusion in coastal aquifers, which indirectly cause saltwater intrusion in wells. We conduct a multi-criteria risk analysis by using lidar data on land elevation and GIS-vulnerability mapping, which <span class="hlt">gives</span> the application of distance and elevation parameters formerly unimaginable precision. We find that in case of a 2 m sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, 3 % of the land area of Gotland, corresponding to 99 km2, will be inundated. The features most strongly affected are items of touristic or nature value, including camping places, shore meadows, sea stack areas, and endangered plants and species habitats. In total, 231 out of 7354 wells will be directly inundated, and the number of wells in the high-risk zone for saltwater intrusion in wells will increase considerably. Some valuable features will be irreversibly lost due to, for example, inundation of sea stacks and the passing of tipping points for seawater intrusion into coastal aquifers; others might simply be moved further inland, but this requires considerable economic means and prioritization. With nature tourism being one of the main income sources of Gotland, monitoring and</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-201103190002HQ.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-201103190002HQ.html"><span>Super Moon <span class="hlt">Rises</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-03-19</p> <p>The full moon is seen as it <span class="hlt">rises</span> near the National Mall, Saturday, March 19, 2011, in Washington. The full moon tonight is called a "Super Moon" since it is at its closest to Earth. Photo Credit: (NASA/Paul E. Alers)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17890965','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17890965"><span>Reactive <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure upon cuff inflation: cuff inflation at the arm causes a greater <span class="hlt">rise</span> in pressure than at the wrist in hypertensive patients.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Charmoy, Alexia; Würzner, Grégoire; Ruffieux, Christiane; Hasler, Christopher; Cachat, François; Waeber, Bernard; Burnier, Michel</p> <p>2007-10-01</p> <p>Cuff inflation at the arm is known to cause an instantaneous <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure, which might be due to the discomfort of the procedure and might interfere with the precision of the blood pressure measurement. In this study, we compared the reactive <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure induced by cuff inflation when the cuff was placed at the upper arm level and at the wrist. The reactive <span class="hlt">rise</span> in systolic and diastolic blood pressure to cuff inflation was measured in 34 normotensive participants and 34 hypertensive patients. Each participant was equipped with two cuffs, one around the right upper arm (OMRON HEM-CR19, 22-32 cm) and one around the right wrist (OMRON HEM-CS 19, 17-22 cm; Omron Health Care Europe BV, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands). The cuffs were inflated in a double random order (maximal cuff pressure and position of the cuff) with two maximal cuff pressures: 180 and 240 mmHg. The cuffs were linked to an oscillometric device (OMRON HEM 907; Omron Health Care). Simultaneously, blood pressure was measured continuously at the middle finger of the left hand using photoplethysmography. Three measurements were made at each level of blood pressure at the arm and at the wrist, and the sequence of measurements was randomized. In normotensive participants, no significant difference was <span class="hlt">observed</span> in the reactive <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure when the cuff was inflated either at the arm or at the wrist irrespective of the level of cuff inflation. Inflating a cuff at the arm, however, induced a significantly greater <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure than inflating it at the wrist in hypertensive participants for both systolic and diastolic pressures (P<0.01), and at both levels of cuff inflation. The blood pressure response to cuff inflation was independent of baseline blood pressure. The results show that in hypertensive patients, cuff inflation at the wrist produces a smaller reactive <span class="hlt">rise</span> in blood pressure. The difference between the arm and the wrist is independent of the patient's level of</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_10");'>10</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li class="active"><span>12</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_12 --> <div id="page_13" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="241"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20005536-rise-characteristics-gas-bubbles-rectangular-column-vof-simulations-vs-experiments','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20005536-rise-characteristics-gas-bubbles-rectangular-column-vof-simulations-vs-experiments"><span><span class="hlt">Rise</span> characteristics of gas bubbles in a 2D rectangular column: VOF simulations vs experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Krishna, R.; Baten, J.M. van</p> <p></p> <p>About five centuries ago, Leonardo da Vinci described the sinuous motion of gas bubbles <span class="hlt">rising</span> in water. The authors have attempted to simulate the <span class="hlt">rise</span> trajectories of bubbles of 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 12, and 20 mm in diameter <span class="hlt">rising</span> in a 2D rectangular column filled with water. The simulations were carried out using the volume-of-fluid (VOF) technique developed by Hirt and Nichols (J. Computational Physics, 39, 201--225 (1981)). To solve the Navier-Stokes equations of motion the authors used a commercial solver, CFX 4.1c of AEA Technology, UK. They developed their own bubble-tracking algorithm to capture sinuous bubble motions.more » The 4 and 5 mm bubbles show large lateral motions <span class="hlt">observed</span> by Da Vinci. The 7, 8 and 9 mm bubble behave like jellyfish. The 12 mm bubble flaps its wings like a bird. The extent of lateral motion of the bubbles decreases with increasing bubble size. Bubbles larger than 20 mm in size assume a spherical cap form and simulations of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> characteristics match experiments exactly. VOF simulations are powerful tools for a priori determination of the morphology and <span class="hlt">rise</span> characteristics of bubbles <span class="hlt">rising</span> in a liquid. Bubble-bubble interactions are also properly modeled by the VOF technique.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864967','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/864967"><span>Amplitude- and <span class="hlt">rise</span>-time-compensated filters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Nowlin, Charles H.</p> <p>1984-01-01</p> <p>An amplitude-compensated <span class="hlt">rise</span>-time-compensated filter for a pulse time-of-occurrence (TOOC) measurement system is disclosed. The filter converts an input pulse, having the characteristics of random amplitudes and random, non-zero <span class="hlt">rise</span> times, to a bipolar output pulse wherein the output pulse has a zero-crossing time that is independent of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time and amplitude of the input pulse. The filter differentiates the input pulse, along the linear leading edge of the input pulse, and subtracts therefrom a pulse fractionally proportional to the input pulse. The filter of the present invention can use discrete circuit components and avoids the use of delay lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp....6T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.tmp....6T"><span>Simulation of a Dispersive Tsunami due to the 2016 El Salvador-Nicaragua Outer-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Earthquake (M w 6.9)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tanioka, Yuichiro; Ramirez, Amilcar Geovanny Cabrera; Yamanaka, Yusuke</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>The 2016 El Salvador-Nicaragua outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> earthquake (M w 6.9) generated a small tsunami <span class="hlt">observed</span> at the ocean bottom pressure sensor, DART 32411, in the Pacific Ocean off Central America. The dispersive <span class="hlt">observed</span> tsunami is well simulated using the linear Boussinesq equations. From the dispersive character of tsunami waveform, the fault length and width of the outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> event is estimated to be 30 and 15 km, respectively. The estimated seismic moment of 3.16 × 1019 Nm is the same as the estimation in the Global CMT catalog. The dispersive character of the tsunami in the deep ocean caused by the 2016 outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> El Salvador-Nicaragua earthquake could constrain the fault size and the slip amount or the seismic moment of the event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.175.1363T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018PApGe.175.1363T"><span>Simulation of a Dispersive Tsunami due to the 2016 El Salvador-Nicaragua Outer-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Earthquake ( M w 6.9)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tanioka, Yuichiro; Ramirez, Amilcar Geovanny Cabrera; Yamanaka, Yusuke</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>The 2016 El Salvador-Nicaragua outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> earthquake ( M w 6.9) generated a small tsunami <span class="hlt">observed</span> at the ocean bottom pressure sensor, DART 32411, in the Pacific Ocean off Central America. The dispersive <span class="hlt">observed</span> tsunami is well simulated using the linear Boussinesq equations. From the dispersive character of tsunami waveform, the fault length and width of the outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> event is estimated to be 30 and 15 km, respectively. The estimated seismic moment of 3.16 × 1019 Nm is the same as the estimation in the Global CMT catalog. The dispersive character of the tsunami in the deep ocean caused by the 2016 outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> El Salvador-Nicaragua earthquake could constrain the fault size and the slip amount or the seismic moment of the event.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=leader+AND+problems+AND+solving&pg=2&id=EJ995814','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=leader+AND+problems+AND+solving&pg=2&id=EJ995814"><span>The Mathematics of Tithing: A Study of Religious <span class="hlt">Giving</span> and Mathematical Development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Taylor, Edd V.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine children's mathematical understandings related to participation in tithing (<span class="hlt">giving</span> 10% of earnings to the church). <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of church services and events, as well as interviews with parents, children, and church leaders, were analyzed in an effort to capture the ways in which mathematical problem…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428539','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28428539"><span>Separating decadal global water cycle variability from sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hamlington, B D; Reager, J T; Lo, M-H; Karnauskas, K B; Leben, R R</p> <p>2017-04-20</p> <p>Under a warming climate, amplification of the water cycle and changes in precipitation patterns over land are expected to occur, subsequently impacting the terrestrial water balance. On global scales, such changes in terrestrial water storage (TWS) will be reflected in the water contained in the ocean and can manifest as global sea level variations. Naturally occurring climate-driven TWS variability can temporarily obscure the long-term trend in sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, in addition to modulating the impacts of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> through natural periodic undulation in regional and global sea level. The internal variability of the global water cycle, therefore, confounds both the detection and attribution of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Here, we use a suite of <span class="hlt">observations</span> to quantify and map the contribution of TWS variability to sea level variability on decadal timescales. In particular, we find that decadal sea level variability centered in the Pacific Ocean is closely tied to low frequency variability of TWS in key areas across the globe. The unambiguous identification and clean separation of this component of variability is the missing step in uncovering the anthropogenic trend in sea level and understanding the potential for low-frequency modulation of future TWS impacts including flooding and drought.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=development+AND+regional+AND+innovation&pg=2&id=ED536484','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=development+AND+regional+AND+innovation&pg=2&id=ED536484"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> above the Gathering Storm: Developing Regional Innovation Environments--A Workshop Summary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Arrison, Tom, Ed.; Olson, Steve, Ed.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>In October 2005, the National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine released a policy report that served as a call to action. The report, "<span class="hlt">Rising</span> Above the Gathering Storm: Energizing and Employing America for a Brighter Economic Future" <span class="hlt">observed</span> that "the scientific and technological building blocks…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14604562','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14604562"><span>Why did employee health insurance contributions <span class="hlt">rise</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gruber, Jonathan; McKnight, Robin</p> <p>2003-11-01</p> <p>We explore the causes of the dramatic <span class="hlt">rise</span> in employee contributions to health insurance over the past two decades. In 1982, 44% of those who were covered by their employer-provided health insurance had their costs fully financed by their employer, but by 1998 this had fallen to 28%. We discuss the theory of why employers might shift premiums to their employees, and empirically model the role of four factors suggested by the theory. We find that there was a large impact of falling tax rates, <span class="hlt">rising</span> eligibility for insurance through the Medicaid system, <span class="hlt">rising</span> medical costs, and increased managed care penetration. Overall, this set of factors can explain more than one-half of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in employee premiums over the 1982-1996 period.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23445457','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23445457"><span>Conscientious refusals and reason-<span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marsh, Jason</p> <p>2014-07-01</p> <p>Some philosophers have argued for what I call the reason-<span class="hlt">giving</span> requirement for conscientious refusal in reproductive healthcare. According to this requirement, healthcare practitioners who conscientiously object to administering standard forms of treatment must have arguments to back up their conscience, arguments that are purely public in character. I argue that such a requirement, though attractive in some ways, faces an overlooked epistemic problem: it is either too easy or too difficult to satisfy in standard cases. I close by briefly considering whether a version of the reason-<span class="hlt">giving</span> requirement can be salvaged despite this important difficulty. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIA..98..237O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JIEIA..98..237O"><span>Disposal of Kitchen Waste from High <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Apartment</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ori, Kirki; Bharti, Ajay; Kumar, Sunil</p> <p>2017-09-01</p> <p>The high <span class="hlt">rise</span> building has numbers of floor and rooms having variety of users or tenants for residential purposes. The huge quantities of heterogenous mixtures of domestic food waste are generated from every floor of the high <span class="hlt">rise</span> residential buildings. Disposal of wet and biodegradable domestic kitchen waste from high <span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings are more expensive in regards of collection and vertical transportation. This work is intended to address the technique to dispose of the wet organic food waste from the high <span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings or multistory building at generation point with the advantage of gravity and vermicomposting technique. This innovative effort for collection and disposal of wet organic solid waste from high <span class="hlt">rise</span> apartment is more economical and hygienic in comparison with present system of disposal.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H13G1475J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.H13G1475J"><span>Modeling the Effects of Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> on Groundwater Levels in Coastal New Hampshire</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jacobs, J. M.; Knott, J. F.; Daniel, J.; Kirshen, P. H.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Coastal communities with high population density and low topography are vulnerable from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (SLR) caused by climate change. Groundwater in coastal communities will <span class="hlt">rise</span> with sea level impacting water quality, the structural integrity of infrastructure, and natural ecosystem health. SLR-induced groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span> has been studied in areas of high aquifer transmissivity and in low-lying areas immediately along the coast. In this regional study, we investigate SLR-induced groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span> in a coastal area characterized by shallow unconsolidated deposits overlying fractured bedrock, typical of the glaciated northeast United States. MODFLOW, a numerical groundwater-flow model, is used with groundwater <span class="hlt">observations</span>, lidar topography, surface-water hydrology, and groundwater withdrawals to investigate SLR-induced changes in groundwater levels and vadose-zone thickness in New Hampshire's Seacoast. The SLR groundwater signal is detected up to 5 km from the coast, more than 3 times farther inland than projected surface-water flooding associated with SLR. Relative groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span> ranges from 38 to 98% of SLR within 1 km of the shoreline and drops below 4% between 4 and 5 km from the coast. The largest magnitude of SLR-induced groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span> occurs in the marine and estuarine deposits and land areas with tidal water bodies on three sides. In contrast, groundwater <span class="hlt">rise</span> is dampened near streams. Groundwater inundation caused by 2 m of SLR is projected to contribute 48% of the total land inundation area in the City of Portsmouth with consequences for built and natural resources. Freshwater wetlands are projected to expand 3% by year 2030 increasing to 25% by year 2100 coupled with water-depth increases. These results imply that underground infrastructure and natural resources in coastal communities will be impacted by <span class="hlt">rising</span> groundwater much farther inland than previously thought when considering only surface-water flooding from SLR.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301042R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301042R"><span>Trend analysis of modern high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Radushinsky, Dmitry; Gubankov, Andrey; Mottaeva, Asiiat</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The article reviews the main trends of modern high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction considered a number of architectural, engineering and technological, economic and image factors that have influenced the intensification of construction of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings in the 21st century. The key factors of modern high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction are identified, which are associated with an attractive image component for businessmen and politicians, with the ability to translate current views on architecture and innovations in construction technologies and the lobbying of relevant structures, as well as the opportunity to serve as an effective driver in the development of a complex of national economy sectors with the achievement of a multiplicative effect. The estimation of the priority nature of participation of foreign architectural bureaus in the design of super-high buildings in Russia at the present stage is given. The issue of economic expediency of construction of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings, including those with only a residential function, has been investigated. The connection between the construction of skyscrapers as an important component of the image of cities in the marketing of places and territories, the connection of the availability of a high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> center, the City, with the possibilities of attracting a "creative class" and the features of creating a large working space for specialists on the basis of territorial proximity and density of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5585429-plume-rise-study-colbert-steam-plant-data-presentation','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5585429-plume-rise-study-colbert-steam-plant-data-presentation"><span>Plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> study at Colbert Steam Plant--data presentation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Crawford, T.L.; Coleman, J.H.</p> <p>1979-05-01</p> <p>This report makes detailed data on plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> available for independent analysis by other specialists studying atmospheric dispersion. Techniques of data collection and methods of data reduction are detailed. Data from 24 time-averaged <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the plume at Colbert Steam Plant, its source, and the meteorological conditions are reported. Most of the data were collected during early to midmorning and are therefore characterized by stable atmospheric conditions. The data are presented in both a summary and a detailed format.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630088','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25630088"><span>[Gift <span class="hlt">giving</span> and the ethics of the caregiver].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Grassin, Marc</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Modern societies establish relationships on a contract basis, but the caregiver relationship invariably involves the notion of a gift. Caring engages the <span class="hlt">giving</span> / receiving / <span class="hlt">giving</span> back circle of reciprocity. The caregiving relationship requires a gift ethic which <span class="hlt">gives</span> meaning to the nurse/patient contract.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=leader+AND+problems+AND+solving&pg=2&id=EJ1012303','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=leader+AND+problems+AND+solving&pg=2&id=EJ1012303"><span>The Mathematics of Tithing: A Study of Religious <span class="hlt">Giving</span> and Mathematical Development</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Taylor, Edd V.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to examine children's mathematical understandings related to participation in tithing (<span class="hlt">giving</span> 10% of earnings to the church). <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of church services and events, as well as interviews with parents, children, and church leaders, were analyzed in an effort to capture the ways in which mathematical problem…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1343365','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=1343365"><span>Who <span class="hlt">gives</span> pain relief to children?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Spedding, R L; Harley, D; Dunn, F J; McKinney, L A</p> <p>1999-01-01</p> <p>OBJECTIVE: To compare pre-hospital parental administration of pain relief for children with that of the accident and emergency (A&E) department staff and to ascertain the reason why pre-hospital analgesia is not being given. DESIGN/METHODS: An anonymous prospective questionnaire was given to parents/guardians of children < 17 years. The children were all self referred with head injuries or limb problems including burns. The first part asked for details of pain relief before attendance in the A&E department. The second part of the questionnaire contained a section for the examining doctor and triage nurse to fill in. The duration of the survey was 28 days. RESULTS: Altogether 203 of 276 (74%) of children did not receive pain relief before attendance at the A&E department. Reasons for parents not <span class="hlt">giving</span> pain relief included 57/203 (28%) who thought that <span class="hlt">giving</span> painkillers would be harmful; 43/203 (21%) who did not <span class="hlt">give</span> painkillers because the accident did not happen at home; and 15/203 (7%) who thought analgesia was the responsibility of the hospital. Eighty eight of the 276 (32%) did not have any painkillers, suitable for children, at home. A&E staff administered pain relief in 189/276 (68%). CONCLUSIONS: Parents often do not <span class="hlt">give</span> their children pain relief before attending the A&E department. Parents think that <span class="hlt">giving</span> painkillers may be harmful and often do not have simple analgesics at home. Some parents do not perceive that their child is in pain. Parents require education about appropriate pre-hospital pain relief for their children. PMID:10417932</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-290.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-290.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.290 - Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal. 137.290 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.290 Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal. Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed by § 137.270 for self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-290.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-290.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.290 - Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal. 137.290 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.290 Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal. Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> yellow corn meal conforms to the definition and standard of identity prescribed by § 137.270 for self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3637J','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.3637J"><span>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> with warming above 2 degree</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Jackson, Luke; Riva, Riccardo; Grinsted, Aslak; Moore, John</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Holding the increase in the global average temperature to below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels, and pursuing efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5 °C, has been agreed by the representatives of the 196 parties of United Nations, as an appropriate threshold beyond which climate change risks become unacceptably high. Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is one of the most damaging aspects of warming climate for the more than 600 million people living in low-elevation coastal areas less than 10 meters above sea level. Fragile coastal ecosystems and increasing concentrations of population and economic activity in coastal areas, are reasons why future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is one of the most damaging aspects of the warming climate. Furthermore, sea level is set to continue to <span class="hlt">rise</span> for centuries after greenhouse gas emissions concentrations are stabilised due to system inertia and feedback time scales. Impact, risk, adaptation policies and long-term decision making in coastal areas depend on regional and local sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections and local projections can differ substantially from the global one. Here we provide probabilistic sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections for the global coastline with warming above the 2 degree goal. A warming of 2°C makes global ocean <span class="hlt">rise</span> on average by 20 cm, but more than 90% of coastal areas will experience greater <span class="hlt">rises</span>, 40 cm along the Atlantic coast of North America and Norway, due to ocean dynamics. If warming continues above 2°C, then by 2100 sea level will <span class="hlt">rise</span> with speeds unprecedented throughout human civilization, reaching 0.9 m (median), and 80% of the global coastline will exceed the global ocean sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> upper 95% confidence limit of 1.8 m. Coastal communities of rapidly expanding cities in the developing world, small island states, and vulnerable tropical coastal ecosystems will have a very limited time after mid-century to adapt to sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21066061-bottlenecks-aggravate-rising-construction-costs','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/21066061-bottlenecks-aggravate-rising-construction-costs"><span>Bottlenecks aggravate <span class="hlt">rising</span> construction costs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>NONE</p> <p>2008-05-15</p> <p><span class="hlt">Rising</span> demand for power in developing countries combined with concerns about carbon emissions from coal-fired power plants in developed countries have created a bonanza for carbon-light technologies, including nuclear, renewables and natural gas plants. This, in turn, has put upward pressure on the price of natural gas in key markets while resulting in shortages in critical components for building renewables and nuclear reactors. Globalization of the power industry means that pressures in one segment or one region translate into shortages and <span class="hlt">rising</span> prices everywhere else.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_11");'>11</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li class="active"><span>13</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_13 --> <div id="page_14" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="261"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26PSL.383...37S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013E%26PSL.383...37S"><span>Paleo-elevation and subsidence of ˜145Ma Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> inferred from CO2 and H2O in fresh volcanic glass</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Shimizu, Kenji; Shimizu, Nobumichi; Sano, Takashi; Matsubara, Noritaka; Sager, William</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, a large Mesozoic oceanic plateau in the northwest Pacific, consists of three massifs (Tamu, Ori, and Shirshov) that formed near a mid-ocean-ridge triple junction. Published depth estimates imply that Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> has not subsided normally, like typical oceanic lithosphere. We estimated paleo-eruption depths of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> massifs on the basis of dissolved CO2 and H2O in volcanic glass and descriptions of cores recovered from five sites of Integrated Ocean Drilling Program Expedition 324. Initial maximum elevations of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> are estimated to be 2500-3500 m above the surrounding seafloor and the ensuing subsidence of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> is estimated to be 2600-3400 m. We did not <span class="hlt">observe</span> the anomalously low subsidence that has been reported for both Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and the Ontong Java Plateau. Although we could not resolve whether Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> originated from a hot mantle plume or non-plume fusible mantle, uplift and subsidence histories of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> for the both cases are constrained based on the subsidence trend from the center of Tamu Massif (˜2600 m) toward the flank of Ori Massif (˜3400 m). In the case of a hot mantle plume origin, Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> may have formed on young (˜5 Ma) pre-existing oceanic crust with a total crustal thickness of ˜20 km. For this scenario, the center of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> is subsequently uplifted by later (prolonged) crustal growth, forming the <span class="hlt">observed</span> ˜30 km thickness crust. For a non-plume origin, Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span> may have formed at the spreading ridge center as initially thick crust (˜30 km thickness), with later reduced subsidence caused by the emplacement of a buoyant mass-perhaps a refractory mantle residuum-beneath the center of Shatsky <span class="hlt">Rise</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4300992','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4300992"><span>Distinct Effect of Impact <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Times on Immediate and Early Neuropathology After Brain Injury in Juvenile Rats</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jayakumar, Archana; Pfister, Bryan J.; Santhakumar, Vijayalakshmi</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can occur from physical trauma from a wide spectrum of insults ranging from explosions to falls. The biomechanics of the trauma can vary in key features, including the rate and magnitude of the insult. Although the effect of peak injury pressure on neurological outcome has been examined in the fluid percussion injury (FPI) model, it is unknown whether differences in rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the injury waveform modify cellular and physiological changes after TBI. Using a programmable FPI device, we examined juvenile rats subjected to a constant peak pressure at two rates of injury: a standard FPI rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> and a faster rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the same peak pressure. Immediate postinjury assessment identified fewer seizures and relatively brief loss of consciousness after fast-<span class="hlt">rise</span> injuries than after standard-<span class="hlt">rise</span> injuries at similar peak pressures. Compared with rats injured at standard <span class="hlt">rise</span>, fewer silver-stained injured neuronal profiles and degenerating hilar neurons were <span class="hlt">observed</span> 4-6 hr after fast-<span class="hlt">rise</span> FPI. However, 1 week postinjury, both fast- and standard-<span class="hlt">rise</span> FPI resulted in hilar cell loss and enhanced perforant path-evoked granule cell field excitability compared with sham controls. Notably, the extent of neuronal loss and increase in dentate excitability were not different between rats injured at fast and standard rates of <span class="hlt">rise</span> to peak pressure. Our data indicate that reduced cellular damage and improved immediate neurological outcome after fast <span class="hlt">rising</span> primary concussive injuries mask the severity of the subsequent cellular and neurophysiological pathology and may be unreliable as a predictor of prognosis. PMID:24799156</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=mutual+AND+fund&pg=3&id=EJ247851','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=mutual+AND+fund&pg=3&id=EJ247851"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> College Costs.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>USA Today, 1981</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Focuses on ways in which parents of school-age children can offset the <span class="hlt">rising</span> costs of college, including encouraging students to get summer and part-time jobs, putting savings toward students' education in accounts in students' names to save taxes, investigating cooperative work/education plans, and investing in mutual funds. (DB)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1125298.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1125298.pdf"><span>The <span class="hlt">Observation</span> Scientist</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>O'Shaughnessy, Molly</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Once the reasons for habitual <span class="hlt">observation</span> in the classroom have been established, and the intent to <span class="hlt">observe</span> has been settled, the practical details of <span class="hlt">observation</span> must be organized. In this article, O'Shaughnessy <span class="hlt">gives</span> us a model for the implementation of <span class="hlt">observation</span>. She thoroughly reviews Montessori's work curves and how they can be used to show…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8814S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..19.8814S"><span>GGOS Focus Area 3: Understanding and Forecasting Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Variability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Schöne, Tilo; Shum, Ck; Tamisiea, Mark; Woodworth, Philip</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Sea level and its change have been measured for more than a century. Especially for coastal nations, deltaic regions, and coastal-oriented industries, <span class="hlt">observations</span> of tides, tidal extremes, storm surges, and sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the interannual or longer scales have substantial impacts on coastal vulnerability towards resilience and sustainability of world's coastal regions. To date, the <span class="hlt">observed</span> global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is largely associated with climate related changes. To find the patterns and fingerprints of those changes, and to e.g., separate the land motion from sea level signals, different monitoring techniques have been developed. Some of them are local, e.g., tide gauges, while others are global, e.g., satellite altimetry. It is well known that sea level change and land vertical motion varies regionally, and both signals need to be measured in order to quantify relative sea level at the local scale. The Global Geodetic <span class="hlt">Observing</span> System (GGOS) and its services contribute in many ways to the monitoring of the sea level. These includes tide gauge <span class="hlt">observations</span>, estimation of gravity changes, satellite altimetry, InSAR/Lidar, GNSS-control of tide gauges, providing ground truth sites for satellite altimetry, and importantly the maintenance of the International Reference Frame. Focus Area 3 (Understanding and Forecasting Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Variability) of GGOS establishes a platform and a forum for researchers and authorities dealing with estimating global and local sea level changes in a 10- to 30-year time span, and its project to the next century or beyond. It presents an excellent opportunity to emphasize the global, through to regional and local, importance of GGOS to a wide range of sea-level related science and practical applications. Focus Area 3 works trough demonstration projects to highlight the value of geodetic techniques to sea level science and applications. Contributions under a call for participation (http://www.ggos.org/Applications/theme3_SL</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110013411','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20110013411"><span>Heliospheric <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Energetic Particles</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Summerlin, Errol J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Heliospheric <span class="hlt">observations</span> of energetic particles have shown that, on long time averages, a consistent v^-5 power-law index arises even in the absence of transient events. This implies an ubiquitous acceleration process present in the solar wind that is required to generate these power-law tails and maintain them against adiabatic losses and coulomb-collisions which will cool and thermalize the plasma respectively. Though the details of this acceleration process are being debated within the community, most agree that the energy required for these tails comes from fluctuations in the magnetic field which are damped as the energy is transferred to particles. Given this source for the tail, is it then reasonable to assume that the turbulent LISM should <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to such a power-law tail as well? IBEX <span class="hlt">observations</span> clearly show a power-law tail of index approximately -5 in energetic neutral atoms. The simplest explanation for the origins of these ENAs are that they are energetic ions which have charge-exchanged with a neutral atom. However, this would imply that energetic ions possess a v^-5 power-law distribution at keV energies at the source of these ENAs. If the source is presumed to be the LISM, it provides additional options for explaining the, so called, IBEX ribbon. This presentation will discuss some of these options as well as potential mechanisms for the generation of a power-law spectrum in the LISM.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4839391','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4839391"><span>Response of single bacterial cells to stress <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to complex history dependence at the population level</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Mathis, Roland; Ackermann, Martin</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Most bacteria live in ever-changing environments where periods of stress are common. One fundamental question is whether individual bacterial cells have an increased tolerance to stress if they recently have been exposed to lower levels of the same stressor. To address this question, we worked with the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus and asked whether exposure to a moderate concentration of sodium chloride would affect survival during later exposure to a higher concentration. We found that the effects measured at the population level depended in a surprising and complex way on the time interval between the two exposure events: The effect of the first exposure on survival of the second exposure was positive for some time intervals but negative for others. We hypothesized that the complex pattern of history dependence at the population level was a consequence of the responses of individual cells to sodium chloride that we <span class="hlt">observed</span>: (i) exposure to moderate concentrations of sodium chloride caused delays in cell division and led to cell-cycle synchronization, and (ii) whether a bacterium would survive subsequent exposure to higher concentrations was dependent on the cell-cycle state. Using computational modeling, we demonstrated that indeed the combination of these two effects could explain the complex patterns of history dependence <span class="hlt">observed</span> at the population level. Our insight into how the behavior of single cells scales up to processes at the population level provides a perspective on how organisms operate in dynamic environments with fluctuating stress exposure. PMID:26960998</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001488.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001488.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Small valley glacier exiting the Devon Island Ice Cap in Canada. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Alex Gardner, Clark University NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150011659','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150011659"><span>The <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of SN 2014J in the Nearby Galaxy M 82</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>A.Goobar; Johansson, J.; Amanullah, R.; Cao, Y.; Perley, D.A.; Kasliwal, M. M.; Ferreti, R.; Nugent, P. E.; Harris, C.; Cenko, S. B.</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>We report on the discovery of SN 2014J in the nearby galaxy M 82. Given its proximity, it offers the best opportunity to date to study a thermonuclear supernova over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. Optical, near-IR and mid-IR <span class="hlt">observations</span> on the <span class="hlt">rising</span> lightcurve, orchestrated by the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (iPTF), show that SN 2014J is a spectroscopically normal Type Ia supernova, albeit exhibiting high-velocity features in its spectrum and heavily reddened by dust in the host galaxy. Our earliest detections start just hours after the fitted time of explosion. We use high-resolution optical spectroscopy to analyze the dense intervening material and do not detect any evolution in the resolved absorption features during the lightcurve <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Similarly to other highly reddened Type Ia supernovae, a low value of total-to-selective extinction, R (sub V) less than or approximately equal to 2, provides the best match to our <span class="hlt">observations</span>. We also study pre-explosion optical and near-IR images from HST with special emphasis on the sources nearest to the SN location.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27858504','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27858504"><span><span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Shock: Optimal Defibrillator Placement in a High-<span class="hlt">rise</span> Building.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Chan, Timothy C Y</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings experience lower survival and longer delays until paramedic arrival. Use of publicly accessible automated external defibrillators (AED) can improve survival, but "vertical" placement has not been studied. We aim to determine whether elevator-based or lobby-based AED placement results in shorter vertical distance travelled ("response distance") to OHCAs in a high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building. We developed a model of a single-elevator, n-floor high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building. We calculated and compared the average distance from AED to floor of arrest for the two AED locations. We modeled OHCA occurrences using floor-specific Poisson processes, the risk of OHCA on the ground floor (λ 1 ) and the risk on any above-ground floor (λ). The elevator was modeled with an override function enabling direct travel to the target floor. The elevator location upon override was modeled as a discrete uniform random variable. Calculations used the laws of probability. Elevator-based AED placement had shorter average response distance if the number of floors (n) in the building exceeded three quarters of the ratio of ground-floor OHCA risk to above-ground floor risk (λ 1 /λ) plus one half (n ≥ 3λ 1 /4λ + 0.5). Otherwise, a lobby-based AED had shorter average response distance. If OHCA risk on each floor was equal, an elevator-based AED had shorter average response distance. Elevator-based AEDs travel less vertical distance to OHCAs in tall buildings or those with uniform vertical risk, while lobby-based AEDs travel less vertical distance in buildings with substantial lobby, underground, and nearby street-level traffic and OHCA risk.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031719&hterms=cutting&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcutting','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20070031719&hterms=cutting&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D20%26Ntt%3Dcutting"><span>Combined Hinode, STEREO, and TRACE <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of a Solar Filament Eruption: Evidence for Destabilization by Flux-Cancelation Tether Cutting</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Sterling, Alphonse C.; Moore, R. L.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>We present <span class="hlt">observations</span> from Hinode, STEREO, and TRACE of a solar filament eruption and flare that occurred on 2007 March 2. Data from the two new satellites, combined with the TRACE <span class="hlt">observations</span>, <span class="hlt">give</span> us fresh insights into the eruption onset process. HINODE/XRT shows soft X-ray (SXR) activity beginning approximately 30 minutes prior to ignition of bright flare loops. STEREO andTRACE images show that the filament underwent relatively slow motions coinciding with the pre-eruption SXR brightenings, and it underwent rapid eruptive motions beginning near the time of flare onset. Concurrent HINODE/SOT magnetograms showed substantial flux cancelation under the filament at the site of the pre-eruption SXR activity. From these <span class="hlt">observations</span> we infer that progressive tether-cutting reconnection driven by photospheric convection caused the slow <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the filament and led to its eruption. NASA supported this work through a NASA Heliosphysics GI grant.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2284...99R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1994SPIE.2284...99R"><span>Research in astrophysics <span class="hlt">gives</span> new optical materials</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rosen, Arne; Westin, E.; Oestling, Daniel</p> <p>1994-11-01</p> <p>The discovery in 1985 by Kroto, Heath, O'Brien, Curl and Smalley of the existence of a new form of carbon known as Buckminsterfullerene or C60 initiated a new field of carbon research. The development of the field was however rather limited and it was not until Kratschmer, Lamb, Fostiropoulos and Huffman developed a technique for production of macroscopic amounts that a number of new applications became possible. Originally Kratschmer and Huffman had the intention to explain an <span class="hlt">observed</span> strong extinction from interstellar dust and produced a special carbon soot with a characteristic optical absorption known as `the camel hump smoke'. The <span class="hlt">observed</span> absorption was in rather good agreement with excitation energies and oscillator strengths for C60 evaluated by Larsson, Volosov and Rosen (one of the authors) in 1987, using the semi-empirical CNDO/S-CI method. This good agreement seems to have encouraged Kratschmer and Huffman to continue with the development of the technique. This paper <span class="hlt">gives</span> a historical overview and a presentation of recent calculations of optical spectra for C60 in the gas phase and the dielectric constants for films of C60 with a comparison with experimental data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080032367&hterms=Ripple+labs&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DRipple%2Blabs','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20080032367&hterms=Ripple+labs&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D60%26Ntt%3DRipple%2Blabs"><span>Windy Mars: A Dynamic Planet as Seen by the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Camera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bridges, N. T.; Geissler, P. E.; McEwen, A. S.; Thomson, B. J.; Chuang, F. C.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L. P.; Martnez-Alonso, S.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>With a dynamic atmosphere and a large supply of particulate material, the surface of Mars is heavily influenced by wind-driven, or aeolian, processes. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provides a new view of Martian geology, with the ability to see decimeter-size features. Current sand movement, and evidence for recent bedform development, is <span class="hlt">observed</span>. Dunes and ripples generally exhibit complex surfaces down to the limits of resolution. Yardangs have diverse textures, with some being massive at Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> scale, others having horizontal and cross-cutting layers of variable character, and some exhibiting blocky and polygonal morphologies. 'Reticulate' (fine polygonal texture) bedforms are ubiquitous in the thick mantle at the highest elevations.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EJPh...39b5002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018EJPh...39b5002C"><span>Why does a spinning egg <span class="hlt">rise</span>?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cross, Rod</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>Experimental and theoretical results are presented concerning the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of a spinning egg. It was found that an egg <span class="hlt">rises</span> quickly while it is sliding and then more slowly when it starts rolling. The angular momentum of the egg projected in the XZ plane changed in the same direction as the friction torque, as expected, by rotating away from the vertical Z axis. The latter result does not explain the <span class="hlt">rise</span>. However, an even larger effect arises from the Y component of the angular momentum vector. As the egg <span class="hlt">rises</span>, the egg rotates about the Y axis, an effect that is closely analogous to rotation of the egg about the Z axis. Both effects can be described in terms of precession about the respective axes. Steady precession about the Z axis arises from the normal reaction force in the Z direction, while precession about the Y axis arises from the friction force in the Y direction. Precession about the Z axis ceases if the normal reaction force decreases to zero, and precession about the Y axis ceases if the friction force decreases to zero.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM13E..02H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMSM13E..02H"><span>Auroral field-aligned current <span class="hlt">observations</span> during the Cassini F-ring and Proximal orbits</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hunt, G. J.; Bunce, E. J.; Cao, H.; Cowley, S.; Dougherty, M. K.; Khurana, K. K.; Provan, G.; Southwood, D. J.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Cassini's F-ring and Proximal orbits have provided a fantastic opportunity to examine Saturn's magnetic field closer to the planet than ever before. It is critical to understand external contributions to the azimuthal field component, as it can provide information on any asymmetry of the internal field. However, signatures of the auroral field-aligned currents are also present in this field component. Here we will identify and discuss these current signatures in the dawn and dusk sections in the northern and southern hemispheres, respectively. Previous results from <span class="hlt">observations</span> during 2008 showed that in southern hemisphere these currents were strongly modulated by the southern planetary period oscillation (PPO) system. While the northern hemisphere data was modulated by both northern and southern PPOs, thus <span class="hlt">giving</span> the first direct evidence of inter-hemispheric PPO currents. In both hemispheres, the PPO currents that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the 10.7 h magnetic field oscillations <span class="hlt">observed</span> throughout Saturn's magnetosphere, were separated from the PPO-independent (e.g. subcorotation) currents. These results provide a framework to which the Grand Finale orbits can be examined within. Here, we will assess how the field-aligned currents have evolved in comparison to the 2008 dataset. We will show that for the most part the <span class="hlt">observed</span> field-aligned currents agree with the theoretical expectations. However, we will discuss the differences in terms of the PPO modulation, seasonal, and local time changes between the two datasets. Finally, we will discuss the implications of the azimuthal magnetic field contributions of these field-aligned currents on the data from the Proximal orbits.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654394-observational-evidence-flux-rope-within-sunspot-umbra','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654394-observational-evidence-flux-rope-within-sunspot-umbra"><span><span class="hlt">Observational</span> Evidence of a Flux Rope within a Sunspot Umbra</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Guglielmino, Salvo L.; Zuccarello, Francesca; Romano, Paolo, E-mail: salvo.guglielmino@oact.inaf.it</p> <p></p> <p>We <span class="hlt">observed</span> an elongated filamentary bright structure inside the umbra of the big sunspot in active region NOAA 12529, which differs from the light bridges usually <span class="hlt">observed</span> in sunspots for its morphology, magnetic configuration, and velocity field. We used <span class="hlt">observations</span> taken with the Solar Dynamic Observatory satellite to characterize this feature. Its lifetime is 5 days, during which it reaches a maximum length of about 30″. In the maps of the vertical component of the photospheric magnetic field, a portion of the feature has a polarity opposite to that of the hosting sunspot. At the same time, in the entiremore » feature the horizontal component of the magnetic field is about 2000 G, substantially stronger than in the surrounding penumbral filaments. Doppler velocity maps reveal the presence of both upward and downward plasma motions along the structure at the photospheric level. Moreover, looking at the chromospheric level, we noted that it is located in a region corresponding to the edge of a small filament that seems rooted in the sunspot umbra. Therefore, we interpreted the bright structure as the photospheric counterpart of a flux rope touching the sunspot and <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to penumbral-like filaments in the umbra.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=terminator&id=EJ754499','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=terminator&id=EJ754499"><span>Grouping Inhibits Motion Fading by <span class="hlt">Giving</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Virtual Trackable Features</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hsieh, P. -J.; Tse, P. U.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>After prolonged viewing of a slowly drifting or rotating pattern under strict fixation, the pattern appears to slow down and then momentarily stop. The authors show that grouping can slow down the process of "motion fading," suggesting that cortical configural form analysis interacts with the computation of motion signals during motion fading. The…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5547604','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5547604"><span>Hitchhiking and epistasis <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to cohort dynamics in adapting populations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Buskirk, Sean W.; Peace, Ryan Emily; Lang, Gregory I.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Beneficial mutations are the driving force of adaptive evolution. In asexual populations, the identification of beneficial alleles is confounded by the presence of genetically linked hitchhiker mutations. Parallel evolution experiments enable the recognition of common targets of selection; yet these targets are inherently enriched for genes of large target size and mutations of large effect. A comprehensive study of individual mutations is necessary to create a realistic picture of the evolutionarily significant spectrum of beneficial mutations. Here we use a bulk-segregant approach to identify the beneficial mutations across 11 lineages of experimentally evolved yeast populations. We report that nearly 80% of detected mutations have no discernible effects on fitness and less than 1% are deleterious. We determine the distribution of driver and hitchhiker mutations in 31 mutational cohorts, groups of mutations that arise synchronously from low frequency and track tightly with one another. Surprisingly, we find that one-third of cohorts lack identifiable driver mutations. In addition, we identify intracohort synergistic epistasis between alleles of hsl7 and kel1, which arose together in a low-frequency lineage. PMID:28720700</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1326013','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1326013"><span>‘Schroedinger’s Cat’ Molecules <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Exquisitely Detailed Movies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>None</p> <p></p> <p>One of the most famous mind-twisters of the quantum world is the thought experiment known as “Schroedinger’s Cat,” in which a cat placed in a box and potentially exposed to poison is simultaneously dead and alive until someone opens the box and peeks inside. Scientists have known for a long time that an atom or molecule can also be in two different states at once. Now researchers at the Stanford PULSE Institute and the Department of Energy’s SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory have exploited this Schroedinger’s Cat behavior to create X-ray movies of atomic motion with much more detail than evermore » before.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24844314','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24844314"><span>Concerted dihedral rotations <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to internal friction in unfolded proteins.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Echeverria, Ignacia; Makarov, Dmitrii E; Papoian, Garegin A</p> <p>2014-06-18</p> <p>Protein chains undergo conformational diffusion during folding and dynamics, experiencing both thermal kicks and viscous drag. Recent experiments have shown that the corresponding friction can be separated into wet friction, which is determined by the solvent viscosity, and dry friction, where frictional effects arise due to the interactions within the protein chain. Despite important advances, the molecular origins underlying dry friction in proteins have remained unclear. To address this problem, we studied the dynamics of the unfolded cold-shock protein at different solvent viscosities and denaturant concentrations. Using extensive all-atom molecular dynamics simulations we estimated the internal friction time scales and found them to agree well with the corresponding experimental measurements (Soranno et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2012, 109, 17800-17806). Analysis of the reconfiguration dynamics of the unfolded chain further revealed that hops in the dihedral space provide the dominant mechanism of internal friction. Furthermore, the increased number of concerted dihedral moves at physiological conditions suggest that, in such conditions, the concerted motions result in higher frictional forces. These findings have important implications for understanding the folding kinetics of proteins as well as the dynamics of intrinsically disordered proteins.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_12");'>12</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li class="active"><span>14</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_14 --> <div id="page_15" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="281"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1436481-mechano-electrochemical-interaction-gives-rise-strain-relaxation-sn-electrodes','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1436481-mechano-electrochemical-interaction-gives-rise-strain-relaxation-sn-electrodes"><span>Mechano-Electrochemical Interaction <span class="hlt">Gives</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Strain Relaxation in Sn Electrodes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Barai, Pallab; Huang, Bo; Dillon, Shen J.; ...</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Tin (Sn) anode active particles were electrochemically lithiated during simultaneous imaging in a scanning electron microscope. Relationships among the reaction mechanism, active particle local strain rate, particle size, and microcrack formation are elucidated to demonstrate the importance of strain relaxation due to mechano-electrochemical interaction in Sn-based electrodes under electrochemical cycling. At low rates of operation, due to significant creep relaxation, large Sn active particles, of size 1 μm, exhibit no significant surface crack formation. Microcrack formation within Sn active particles occurs due to two different mechanisms: (i)large concentration gradient induced stress at the two-phase interface, and (ii) high volume expansionmore » induced stress at the surface of the active particles. From the present study, it can be concluded that majority of the microcracks evolve at or near the particle surface due to high volume expansion induced tension. Concentration gradient induced damage prevails near the center of the active particle, though significantly smaller in magnitude. Comparison with experimental results indicates that at operating conditions of C/2, even 500 nm sized Sn active particles remain free from surface crack formation, which emphasizes the importance of creep relaxation. A phase map has been developed to demonstrate the preferred mechano-electrochemical window of operation of Sn-based electrodes.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1414021D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012EGUGA..1414021D"><span>Do we have to take an acceleration of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> into account?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Dillingh, D.; Baart, F.; de Ronde, J.</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>, particularly for the high scenario. Dutch design levels for coastal water defence structures (dikes and dunes) are based on extreme value statistics of long time series of high water levels. These design levels have typically return periods of 2000, 4000 and 10.000 years, depending on the importance of the protected dike ring. The last statistical analysis for the update of the design levels refers to the sea level situation of 1985. According to the Water Act Dutch design levels must be tested periodically (every 6 years). Due to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and tidal changes the design levels are corrected for the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the mean high waters from 1985 until the end of the testing period under consideration. This demands a tailoring approach for different regions or locations instead of a national average as for coastal preservation. Runs with climate models and coupled hydrodynamic models in the framework of the Essence project and the Delta Committee 2008 showed no indication for a change in the statistics of extreme storm surge levels. For the estimation of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> over the last 120 years a linear regression <span class="hlt">gives</span> the most robust estimate. Showing decadal variability needs more sophisticated models. For the last update of the design levels the elegant Whittaker smoother has been applied. Dutch policy prescribes to account for a future sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> of 60 cm per century for the design of new dikes or dike reinforcements and 85 cm per century for the long term (200 years) allocation of space for future reinforcements, in agreement with the KNMI'06 scenario's for sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (central value and upper limit).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ocean+AND+climate+AND+changes&pg=3&id=EJ912346','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=ocean+AND+climate+AND+changes&pg=3&id=EJ912346"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> Sea Levels: Truth or Scare?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Peacock, Alan</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>When "ITV News" ran an item that shocked the author, about <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels that will have caused the entire evacuation of the islands by the end of this year, he began to wonder whether the Pacific Ocean is really <span class="hlt">rising</span> as fast as this. The media reporting of such things can be a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it brought to the author's…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........29H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PhDT........29H"><span>Sea level hazards: Altimetric monitoring of tsunamis and sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hamlington, Benjamin Dillon</p> <p></p> <p>Whether on the short timescale of an impending tsunami or the much longer timescale of climate change-driven sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, the threat stemming from <span class="hlt">rising</span> and inundating ocean waters is a great concern to coastal populations. Timely and accurate <span class="hlt">observations</span> of potentially dangerous changes in sea level are vital in determining the precautionary steps that need to be taken in order to protect coastal communities. While instruments from the past have provided in situ measurements of sea level at specific locations across the globe, satellites can be used to provide improved spatial and temporal sampling of the ocean in addition to producing more accurate measurements. Since 1993, satellite altimetry has provided accurate measurements of sea surface height (SSH) with near-global coverage. Not only have these measurements led to the first definitive estimates of global mean sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, satellite altimetry <span class="hlt">observations</span> have also been used to detect tsunami waves in the open ocean where wave amplitudes are relatively small, a vital step in providing early warning to those potentially affected by the impending tsunami. The use of satellite altimetry to monitor two specific sea level hazards is examined in this thesis. The first section will focus on the detection of tsunamis in the open ocean for the purpose of providing early warning to coastal inhabitants. The second section will focus on estimating secular trends using satellite altimetry data with the hope of improving our understanding of future sea level change. Results presented here will show the utility of satellite altimetry for sea level monitoring and will lay the foundation for further advancement in the detection of the two sea level hazards considered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912856','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912856"><span>A decade of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> slowed by climate-driven hydrology.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Reager, J T; Gardner, A S; Famiglietti, J S; Wiese, D N; Eicker, A; Lo, M-H</p> <p>2016-02-12</p> <p>Climate-driven changes in land water storage and their contributions to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> have been absent from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change sea level budgets owing to <span class="hlt">observational</span> challenges. Recent advances in satellite measurement of time-variable gravity combined with reconciled global glacier loss estimates enable a disaggregation of continental land mass changes and a quantification of this term. We found that between 2002 and 2014, climate variability resulted in an additional 3200 ± 900 gigatons of water being stored on land. This gain partially offset water losses from ice sheets, glaciers, and groundwater pumping, slowing the rate of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 0.71 ± 0.20 millimeters per year. These findings highlight the importance of climate-driven changes in hydrology when assigning attribution to decadal changes in sea level. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040085667','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20040085667"><span>MRO's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>): Polar Science Expectations</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>McEwen, A.; Herkenhoff, K.; Hansen, C.; Bridges, N.; Delamere, W. A.; Eliason, E.; Grant, J.; Gulick, V.; Keszthelyi, L.; Kirk, R.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) is expected to launch in August 2005, arrive at Mars in March 2006, and begin the primary science phase in November 2006. MRO will carry a suite of remote-sensing instruments and is designed to routinely point off-nadir to precisely target locations on Mars for high-resolution <span class="hlt">observations</span>. The mission will have a much higher data return than any previous planetary mission, with 34 Tbits of returned data expected in the first Mars year in the mapping orbit (255 x 320 km). The Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> camera features a 0.5 m telescope, 12 m focal length, and 14 CCDs. We expect to acquire approximately 10,000 <span class="hlt">observations</span> in the primary science phase (approximately 1 Mars year), including approximately 2,000 images for 1,000 stereo targets. Each <span class="hlt">observation</span> will be accompanied by a approximately 6 m/pixel image over a 30 x 45 km region acquired by MRO s context imager. Many Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images will be full resolution in the center portion of the swath width and binned (typically 4x4) on the sides. This provides two levels of context, so we step out from 0.3 m/pixel to 1.2 m/pixel to 6 m/pixel (at 300 km altitude). We expect to cover approximately 1% of Mars at better than 1.2 m/pixel, approximately 0.1% at 0.3 m/pixel, approximately 0.1% in 3 colors, and approximately 0.05% in stereo. Our major challenge is to find the dey contacts, exposures and type morphologies to <span class="hlt">observe</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1616598M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1616598M"><span>Geoethics: IPCC disgraced by violation of <span class="hlt">observational</span> facts and physical laws in their sea level scenario</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mörner, Nils-Axel</p> <p>2014-05-01</p> <p>Sea level may <span class="hlt">rise</span> due to glacier melting, heat expansion of the oceanic water column, and redistribution of the waster masses - all these factors can be handled as to rates and amplitudes (provided one knows what one is talking about). In key areas over the entire Indian Ocean and in many Pacific Islands there are no traces of and sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> over the last 40-50 years. This is also the case for test-areas like Venice and the North Sea coasts. In the Kattegatt Sea one can fix the sea level factor to a maximum <span class="hlt">rise</span> of 1.0-0.9 mm/year over the last century. The 204 tide gauges selected by NOAA for their global sea level monitoring provide a strong and sharp maximum (of 182 sites) in the range of 0.0-2.0 mm/yr. Satellite altimetry is said to <span class="hlt">give</span> a <span class="hlt">rise</span> of 3.2 mm/yr; this, however, is a value achieved after a quite subjective and surely erroneous "correction". The IPCC is talking about exceptionally much higher rates, and even worse are some "boy scouts" desperate try to launce real horror ratios. Physical laws set the frames of the rate and amount of ice melting, and so do records of events in the past (i.e. the geological records). During the Last Ice Age so much ice was accumulated on land, that the sea level dropped by about 120 m. When the process was reversed and ice melted under exceptionally strong climate forcing, sea level rose at a maximum rate of about 10 mm/yr (a meter per century). This can never happen under today's climate conditions. Even with IPCC's hypothetical scenarios, the true sea <span class="hlt">rise</span> must be far less. When people like Rahmstorf (claiming 1 m or more by 2100) and Hansen (claiming a 4 m <span class="hlt">rise</span> from 2080 to 2100) <span class="hlt">give</span> their values, they exceed what is possible according to physical laws and accumulated geological knowledge. The expansion of the oceanic water column may reach amounts of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the order of a few centimetres, at the most a decimetre. Old temperature measurements may record a temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> over the last 50 years in</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARH47011G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017APS..MARH47011G"><span><span class="hlt">Observation</span> of the Spin Nernst Effect in Platinum</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Goennenwein, Sebastian</p> <p></p> <p>Thermoelectric effects - arising from the interplay between thermal and charge transport phenomena - have been extensively studied and are considered well established. Upon taking into account the spin degree of freedom, however, qualitatively new phenomena arise. A prototype example for these so-called magneto-thermoelectric or spin-caloritronic effects is the spin Seebeck effect, in which a thermal gradient drives a pure spin current. In contrast to their thermoelectric counterparts, not all the spin-caloritronic effects predicted from theory have yet been <span class="hlt">observed</span> in experiment. One of these `missing' phenomena is the spin Nernst effect, in which a thermal gradient <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a transverse pure spin current. We have <span class="hlt">observed</span> the spin Nernst effect in yttrium iron garnet/platinum (YIG/Pt) thin film bilayers. Upon applying a thermal gradient within the YIG/Pt bilayer plane, a pure spin current flows in the direction orthogonal to the thermal drive. We detect this spin current as a thermopower voltage, generated via magnetization-orientation dependent spin transfer into the adjacent YIG layer. Our data shows that the spin Nernst and the spin Hall effect in in Pt have different sign, but comparable magnitude, in agreement with first-principles calculations. Financial support via Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft Priority Programme SPP 1538 Spin-Caloric Transport is gratefully acknowledged.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...860....8X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ApJ...860....8X"><span>Photometric and Spectroscopic <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of GRB 140629A</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xin, Li-Ping; Zhong, Shu-Qing; Liang, En-Wei; Wang, Jing; Liu, Hao; Zhang, Tian-Meng; Huang, Xiao-Li; Li, Hua-Li; Qiu, Yu-Lei; Han, Xu-Hui; Wei, Jian-Yan</p> <p>2018-06-01</p> <p>We present our optical photometric and spectroscopical <span class="hlt">observations</span> of GRB 140629A. A redshift of z = 2.275 ±0.043 is measured through the metal absorption lines in our spectroscopic data. Using our photometric data and multiple <span class="hlt">observational</span> data from other telescopes, we show that its optical light curve is well interpreted with the standard forward shock models in the thin shell case. Its optical–X-ray afterglow spectrum is jointly fitted with a single power-law function, yielding a photon index of ‑1.90 ± 0.05. The optical extinction and neutral hydrogen absorption of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxy are negligible. The fit to the light curve with the standard models shows that the ambient density is 60 ± 9 cm‑3 and the GRB radiating efficiency is as low as ∼0.24%, likely indicating a baryonic-dominated ejecta of this GRB. This burst agrees well with the {L}{{p},{iso}}{--}{E}p{\\prime }{--}{{{Γ }}}0 relation, but confidently violates those empirical relations involving geometric corrections (or jet break time). This <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to an issue of the possible selection effect on these relations since the jet opening angle of this GRB is extremely narrow (0.04 rad).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383277','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25383277"><span>Probing viscoelastic surfaces with bimodal tapping-mode atomic force microscopy: Underlying physics and <span class="hlt">observables</span> for a standard linear solid model.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Solares, Santiago D</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents computational simulations of single-mode and bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) with particular focus on the viscoelastic interactions occurring during tip-sample impact. The surface is modeled by using a standard linear solid model, which is the simplest system that can reproduce creep compliance and stress relaxation, which are fundamental behaviors exhibited by viscoelastic surfaces. The relaxation of the surface in combination with the complexities of bimodal tip-sample impacts <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to unique dynamic behaviors that have important consequences with regards to the acquisition of quantitative relationships between the sample properties and the AFM <span class="hlt">observables</span>. The physics of the tip-sample interactions and its effect on the <span class="hlt">observables</span> are illustrated and discussed, and a brief research outlook on viscoelasticity measurement with intermittent-contact AFM is provided.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4222404','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4222404"><span>Probing viscoelastic surfaces with bimodal tapping-mode atomic force microscopy: Underlying physics and <span class="hlt">observables</span> for a standard linear solid model</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Summary This paper presents computational simulations of single-mode and bimodal atomic force microscopy (AFM) with particular focus on the viscoelastic interactions occurring during tip–sample impact. The surface is modeled by using a standard linear solid model, which is the simplest system that can reproduce creep compliance and stress relaxation, which are fundamental behaviors exhibited by viscoelastic surfaces. The relaxation of the surface in combination with the complexities of bimodal tip–sample impacts <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to unique dynamic behaviors that have important consequences with regards to the acquisition of quantitative relationships between the sample properties and the AFM <span class="hlt">observables</span>. The physics of the tip–sample interactions and its effect on the <span class="hlt">observables</span> are illustrated and discussed, and a brief research outlook on viscoelasticity measurement with intermittent-contact AFM is provided. PMID:25383277</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22246885-social-values-risk-from-sea-level-rise','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22246885-social-values-risk-from-sea-level-rise"><span>The social values at risk from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Graham, Sonia, E-mail: sonia.graham@unimelb.edu.au; Barnett, Jon, E-mail: jbarn@unimelb.edu.au; Fincher, Ruth, E-mail: r.fincher@unimelb.edu.au</p> <p></p> <p>Analysis of the risks of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> favours conventionally measured metrics such as the area of land that may be subsumed, the numbers of properties at risk, and the capital values of assets at risk. Despite this, it is clear that there exist many less material but no less important values at risk from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. This paper re-theorises these multifarious social values at risk from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, by explaining their diverse nature, and grounding them in the everyday practices of people living in coastal places. It is informed by a review and analysis of research on social values frommore » within the fields of social impact assessment, human geography, psychology, decision analysis, and climate change adaptation. From this we propose that it is the ‘lived values’ of coastal places that are most at risk from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. We then offer a framework that groups these lived values into five types: those that are physiological in nature, and those that relate to issues of security, belonging, esteem, and self-actualisation. This framework of lived values at risk from sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> can guide empirical research investigating the social impacts of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, as well as the impacts of actions to adapt to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. It also offers a basis for identifying the distribution of related social outcomes across populations exposed to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> or sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> policies.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3718128','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3718128"><span>Real-time <span class="hlt">observation</span> of fluctuations at the driven-dissipative Dicke phase transition</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Brennecke, Ferdinand; Mottl, Rafael; Baumann, Kristian; Landig, Renate; Donner, Tobias; Esslinger, Tilman</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>We experimentally study the influence of dissipation on the driven Dicke quantum phase transition, realized by coupling external degrees of freedom of a Bose–Einstein condensate to the light field of a high-finesse optical cavity. The cavity provides a natural dissipation channel, which <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to vacuum-induced fluctuations and allows us to <span class="hlt">observe</span> density fluctuations of the gas in real-time. We monitor the divergence of these fluctuations over two orders of magnitude while approaching the phase transition, and <span class="hlt">observe</span> a behavior that deviates significantly from that expected for a closed system. A correlation analysis of the fluctuations reveals the diverging time scale of the atomic dynamics and allows us to extract a damping rate for the external degree of freedom of the atoms. We find good agreement with our theoretical model including dissipation via both the cavity field and the atomic field. Using a dissipation channel to nondestructively gain information about a quantum many-body system provides a unique path to study the physics of driven-dissipative systems. PMID:23818599</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC13A1065T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AGUFMGC13A1065T"><span>The contribution of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> to flooding in large river catchments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Thiele-Eich, I.; Hopson, T. M.; Gilleland, E.; Lamarque, J.; Hu, A.; Simmer, C.</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Climate change is expected to both impact sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> as well as flooding. Our study focuses on the combined effect of climate change on upper catchment precipitation as well as on sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the river mouths and the impact this will have on river flooding both at the coast and further upstream. We concentrate on the eight catchments of the Amazonas, Congo, Orinoco, Ganges/Brahmaputra/Meghna, Mississippi, St. Lawrence, Danube and Niger rivers. To assess the impact of climate change, upper catchment precipitation as well as monthly mean thermosteric sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the river mouth outflow are taken from the four CCSM4 1° 20th Century ensemble members as well as from six CCSM4 1° ensemble members for the RCP scenarios RCP8.5, 6.0, 4.5 and 2.6. Continuous daily time series for average catchment precipitation and discharge are available for each of the catchments. To arrive at a future discharge time series, we used these <span class="hlt">observations</span> to develop a simple statistical hydrological model which can be applied to the modelled future upper catchment precipitation values. The analysis of this surrogate discharge time series alone already yields significant changes in flood return levels as well as flood duration. Using the geometry of the river channel, the backwater effect of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is incorporated in our analysis of both flood frequencies and magnitudes by calculating the effective additional discharge due to the increase in water level at the river mouth outflow, as well as its tapering impact upstream. By combining these effects, our results focus on the merged impact of changes in extreme precipitation with increases in river height due to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the river mouths. Judging from our preliminary results, the increase in effective discharge due to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> cannot be neglected when discussing late 21st century flooding in the respective river basins. In particular, we find that especially in countries with low elevation gradient, flood</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001483.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001483.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Summit camp on top of the Austfonna Ice Cap in Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic). To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Thorben Dunse, University of Oslo NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ERL.....4d1001H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009ERL.....4d1001H"><span>PERSPECTIVE: The tripping points of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hecht, Alan D.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>When President Nixon created the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 he said the environment must be perceived as a single, interrelated system. We are nowhere close to achieving this vision. Jim Titus and his colleagues [1] highlight one example of where one set of regulations or permits may be in conflict with another and where regulations were crafted in the absence of understanding the cumulative impact of global warming. The issue here is how to deal with the impacts of climate change on sea level and the latter's impact on wetland polices, clean water regulations, and ecosystem services. The Titus paper could also be called `The tripping points of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>'. Titus and his colleagues have looked at the impact of such sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the east coast of the United States. Adaptive responses include costly large- scale investment in shore protection (e.g. dikes, sand replenishment) and/or ecosystem migration (retreat), where coastal ecosystems move inland. Shore protection is limited by available funds, while ecosystem migrations are limited by available land use. The driving factor is the high probability of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> due to climate change. Estimating sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is difficult because of local land and coastal dynamics including <span class="hlt">rising</span> or falling land areas. It is estimated that sea level could <span class="hlt">rise</span> between 8 inches and 2 feet by the end of this century [2]. The extensive data analysis done by Titus et al of current land use is important because, as they <span class="hlt">observe</span>, `property owners and land use agencies have generally not decided how they will respond to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, nor have they prepared maps delineating where shore protection and retreat are likely'. This is the first of two `tripping points', namely the need for adaptive planning for a pending environmental challenge that will create economic and environment conflict among land owners, federal and state agencies, and businesses. One way to address this gap in adaptive management</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11654943','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11654943"><span>The notion of gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> and organ donation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gerrand, Nicole</p> <p>1994-04-01</p> <p>The analogy between gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> and organ donation was first suggested at the beginning of the transplantation era, when policy makers and legislators were promoting voluntary organ donation as the preferred procurement procedure. It was believed that the practice of gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> had some features which were also thought to be necessary to ensure that an organ procurement procedure would be morally acceptable, namely voluntarism and altruism. Twenty-five years later, the analogy between gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> and organ donation is still being made in the literature and used in organ donation awareness campaigns. In this paper I want to challenge this analogy. By examining a range of circumstances in which gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> occurs, I argue that the significant differences between the various types of gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> and organ donation makes any analogy between the two very general and superficial, and I suggest that a more appropriate analogy can be found elsewhere.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V24B..07D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007AGUFM.V24B..07D"><span>Plume and Pyroclast Dynamics <span class="hlt">Observed</span> During a Submarine Explosive Eruption at NW Rota-1, Mariana arc</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Deardorff, N.; Cashman, K. V.; Chadwick, W. W.; Embley, R. W.</p> <p>2007-12-01</p> <p>Strombolian submarine eruptions at 550-560 m water depth were <span class="hlt">observed</span> in April, 2006 at NW Rota-1 volcano, Mariana arc. During six dives with the Jason II remotely operated vehicle <span class="hlt">observations</span> made at close range documented a diverse and increasingly energetic range of activity. The initial dives <span class="hlt">observed</span> lava extrusion followed by small, explosive bursts. Activity steadily increased to produce gas thrust jets, discrete thermals and eventually a sustained plume. Eruption video allowed analysis of submarine plume dynamics and depositional characteristics. Sustained plumes were white, billowy and coherent, measuring ~0.5-0.75m wide at their base and quickly spreading to >2m in diameter within ~2-3m above vent due to rapid seawater entrainment. Sustained, coherent plumes were <span class="hlt">observed</span> <span class="hlt">rising</span> >20-30m above the seafloor; the top of the plume was <span class="hlt">observed</span> at ~490m b.s.l <span class="hlt">giving</span> a total plume height of ~60-70m above the active vent. The initial ascent (<3-4 m) of plumes generated from explosive bursts was analyzed for ejection velocities (<4m/s), clast settling velocities (~0.38-0.72m/s), and changes in plume height and width. Gas thrust jets were determined to transition from momentum-driven plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> to buoyancy-driven plumes, both visually and using <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocities, at ~ 0.5-1 m above the vent. These data contrast with the dynamics of plumes generated in subaerial Strombolian eruptions, which maintain momentum-driven <span class="hlt">rise</span> to ~ 100 meters (Patrick, 2007) above the vent, and illustrate the strong dampening effect of the overlying seawater. Ash and lapilli were <span class="hlt">observed</span> falling out of the plume at heights >3-4m after being transported by the convecting plume and are assumed to have wider range of travel, vertically and laterally, and deposition. Most bomb-sized ejecta were carried vertically with the plume for 1-3m before falling out around the vent, indicating that the dense (~1700-2350 kg/m3) clasts were transported primarily within the momentum-driven part of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AIPC.1157...19P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AIPC.1157...19P"><span>Adapting to <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Sea Level: A Florida Perspective</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parkinson, Randall W.</p> <p>2009-07-01</p> <p>Global climate change and concomitant <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea level will have a profound impact on Florida's coastal and marine systems. Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> will increase erosion of beaches, cause saltwater intrusion into water supplies, inundate coastal marshes and other important habitats, and make coastal property more vulnerable to erosion and flooding. Yet most coastal areas are currently managed under the premise that sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is not significant and the shorelines are static or can be fixed in place by engineering structures. The new reality of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and extreme weather due to climate change requires a new style of planning and management to protect resources and reduce risk to humans. Scientists must: (1) assess existing coastal vulnerability to address short term management issues and (2) model future landscape change and develop sustainable plans to address long term planning and management issues. Furthermore, this information must be effectively transferred to planners, managers, and elected officials to ensure their decisions are based upon the best available information. While there is still some uncertainty regarding the details of <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea level and climate change, development decisions are being made today which commit public and private investment in real estate and associated infrastructure. With a design life of 30 yrs to 75 yrs or more, many of these investments are on a collision course with <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea level and the resulting impacts will be significant. In the near term, the utilization of engineering structures may be required, but these are not sustainable and must ultimately yield to "managed withdrawal" programs if higher sea-level elevations or rates of <span class="hlt">rise</span> are forthcoming. As an initial step towards successful adaptation, coastal management and planning documents (i.e., comprehensive plans) must be revised to include reference to climate change and <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea-level.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvL.118a3602L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017PhRvL.118a3602L"><span><span class="hlt">Observation</span> of Mollow Triplets with Tunable Interactions in Double Lambda Systems of Individual Hole Spins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lagoudakis, K. G.; Fischer, K. A.; Sarmiento, T.; McMahon, P. L.; Radulaski, M.; Zhang, J. L.; Kelaita, Y.; Dory, C.; Müller, K.; Vučković, J.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Although individual spins in quantum dots have been studied extensively as qubits, their investigation under strong resonant driving in the scope of accessing Mollow physics is still an open question. Here, we have grown high quality positively charged quantum dots embedded in a planar microcavity that enable enhanced light-matter interactions. Under a strong magnetic field in the Voigt configuration, individual positively charged quantum dots provide a double lambda level structure. Using a combination of above-band and resonant excitation, we <span class="hlt">observe</span> the formation of Mollow triplets on all optical transitions. We find that when the strong resonant drive power is used to tune the Mollow-triplet lines through each other, we <span class="hlt">observe</span> anticrossings. We also demonstrate that the interaction that <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the anticrossings can be controlled in strength by tuning the polarization of the resonant laser drive. Quantum-optical modeling of our system fully captures the experimentally <span class="hlt">observed</span> spectra and provides insight on the complicated level structure that results from the strong driving of the double lambda system.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_13");'>13</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li class="active"><span>15</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_15 --> <div id="page_16" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="301"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GML....36..415N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016GML....36..415N"><span>Impact of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on earthquake and landslide triggering offshore the Alentejo margin (SW Iberia)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Neves, M. C.; Roque, C.; Luttrell, K. M.; Vázquez, J. T.; Alonso, B.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Earthquakes and submarine landslides are recurrent and widespread manifestations of fault activity offshore SW Iberia. The present work tests the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on offshore fault systems using Coulomb stress change calculations across the Alentejo margin. Large-scale faults capable of generating large earthquakes and tsunamis in the region, especially NE-SW trending thrusts and WNW-ESE trending dextral strike-slip faults imaged at basement depths, are either blocked or unaffected by flexural effects related to sea-level changes. Large-magnitude earthquakes occurring along these structures may, therefore, be less frequent during periods of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. In contrast, sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> promotes shallow fault ruptures within the sedimentary sequence along the continental slope and upper <span class="hlt">rise</span> within distances of <100 km from the coast. The results suggest that the occurrence of continental slope failures may either increase (if triggered by shallow fault ruptures) or decrease (if triggered by deep fault ruptures) as a result of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Moreover, <span class="hlt">observations</span> of slope failures affecting the area of the Sines contourite drift highlight the role of sediment properties as preconditioning factors in this region.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=housing+AND+interest+AND+social&pg=4&id=EJ427914','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=housing+AND+interest+AND+social&pg=4&id=EJ427914"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Housing for Low-Income Families.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Fuerst, J. S.; Petty, Roy</p> <p>1991-01-01</p> <p>Discusses successes and failures of subsidized housing in urban areas and the relationship between architectural environment and quality of life, particularly as regards high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings. Given that some high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> projects are successful, most should be maintained because of the scarcity of low-income housing. (DM)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMEP33B1924S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMEP33B1924S"><span>Experimental investigation of channel avulsion frequency on river deltas under <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Silvestre, J.; Chadwick, A. J.; Steele, S.; Lamb, M. P.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>River deltas are low-relief landscapes that are socioeconomically important; they are home to over half a billion people worldwide. Many deltas are built by cycles of lobe growth punctuated by abrupt channel shifts, or avulsions, which often reoccur at a similar location and with a regular frequency. Previous experimental work has investigated the effect of hydrodynamic backwater in controlling channel avulsion location and timing on deltas under constant sea level conditions, but it is unclear how sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> impacts avulsion dynamics. We present results from a flume experiment designed to isolate the role of relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the evolution of a backwater-influenced delta. The experiment was conducted in the river-ocean facility at Caltech, where a 7m long, 14cm wide alluvial river drains into a 6m by 3m "ocean" basin. The experimental delta grew under subcritical flow, a persistent backwater zone, and a range of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates. Without sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, lobe progradation produced in-channel aggradation and periodic avulsions every 3.6 ± 0.9 hours, which corresponded to when channels aggraded to approximately one-half of their flow depth. With a modest rate of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (0.25 mm/hr), we <span class="hlt">observed</span> enhanced aggradation in the backwater zone, causing channels to aggrade more quickly and avulse more frequently (every 2.1 ± 0.6 hours). In future work, we expect further increases in the rate of relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> to cause avulsion frequency to decrease as the delta drowns and the backwater zone retreats upstream. Experimental results can serve as tests of numerical models that are needed for hazard mitigation and coastal sustainability efforts on drowning deltas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121472','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70121472"><span>Economic vulnerability to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> along the northern U.S. Gulf Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Thatcher, Cindy A.; Brock, John C.; Pendleton, Elizabeth A.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>The northern Gulf of Mexico coast of the United States has been identified as highly vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, based on a combination of physical and societal factors. Vulnerability of human populations and infrastructure to projected increases in sea level is a critical area of uncertainty for communities in the extremely low-lying and flat northern gulf coastal zone. A rapidly growing population along some parts of the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline is further increasing the potential societal and economic impacts of projected sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the region, where <span class="hlt">observed</span> relative <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates range from 0.75 to 9.95 mm per year on the Gulf coasts of Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, and Florida. A 1-m elevation threshold was chosen as an inclusive designation of the coastal zone vulnerable to relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, because of uncertainty associated with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections. This study applies a Coastal Economic Vulnerability Index (CEVI) to the northern Gulf of Mexico region, which includes both physical and economic factors that contribute to societal risk of impacts from <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea level. The economic variables incorporated in the CEVI include human population, urban land cover, economic value of key types of infrastructure, and residential and commercial building values. The variables are standardized and combined to produce a quantitative index value for each 1-km coastal segment, highlighting areas where human populations and the built environment are most at risk. This information can be used by coastal managers as they allocate limited resources for ecosystem restoration, beach nourishment, and coastal-protection infrastructure. The study indicates a large amount of variability in index values along the northern Gulf of Mexico coastline, and highlights areas where long-term planning to enhance resiliency is particularly needed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725037','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20725037"><span>Near-simultaneous great earthquakes at Tongan megathrust and outer <span class="hlt">rise</span> in September 2009.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Beavan, J; Wang, X; Holden, C; Wilson, K; Power, W; Prasetya, G; Bevis, M; Kautoke, R</p> <p>2010-08-19</p> <p>The Earth's largest earthquakes and tsunamis are usually caused by thrust-faulting earthquakes on the shallow part of the subduction interface between two tectonic plates, where stored elastic energy due to convergence between the plates is rapidly released. The tsunami that devastated the Samoan and northern Tongan islands on 29 September 2009 was preceded by a globally recorded magnitude-8 normal-faulting earthquake in the outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> region, where the Pacific plate bends before entering the subduction zone. Preliminary interpretation suggested that this earthquake was the source of the tsunami. Here we show that the outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> earthquake was accompanied by a nearly simultaneous rupture of the shallow subduction interface, equivalent to a magnitude-8 earthquake, that also contributed significantly to the tsunami. The subduction interface event was probably a slow earthquake with a <span class="hlt">rise</span> time of several minutes that triggered the outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> event several minutes later. However, we cannot rule out the possibility that the normal fault ruptured first and dynamically triggered the subduction interface event. Our evidence comes from displacements of Global Positioning System stations and modelling of tsunami waves recorded by ocean-bottom pressure sensors, with support from seismic data and tsunami field <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Evidence of the subduction earthquake in global seismic data is largely hidden because of the earthquake's slow <span class="hlt">rise</span> time or because its ground motion is disguised by that of the normal-faulting event. Earthquake doublets where subduction interface events trigger large outer-<span class="hlt">rise</span> earthquakes have been recorded previously, but this is the first well-documented example where the two events occur so closely in time and the triggering event might be a slow earthquake. As well as providing information on strain release mechanisms at subduction zones, earthquakes such as this provide a possible mechanism for the occasional large tsunamis generated at the Tonga</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://ian.umces.edu/pdfs/ian_report_413.pdf','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://ian.umces.edu/pdfs/ian_report_413.pdf"><span>Updating Maryland's sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Boesch, Donald F.; Atkinson, Larry P.; Boicourt, William C.; Boon, John D.; Cahoon, Donald R.; Dalrymple, Robert A.; Ezer, Tal; Horton, Benjamin P.; Johnson, Zoe P.; Kopp, Robert E.; Li, Ming; Moss, Richard H.; Parris, Adam; Sommerfield, Christopher K.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>With its 3,100 miles of tidal shoreline and low-lying rural and urban lands, “The Free State” is one of the most vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Historically, Marylanders have long had to contend with <span class="hlt">rising</span> water levels along its Chesapeake Bay and Atlantic Ocean and coastal bay shores. Shorelines eroded and low-relief lands and islands, some previously inhabited, were inundated. Prior to the 20th century, this was largely due to the slow sinking of the land since Earth’s crust is still adjusting to the melting of large masses of ice following the last glacial period. Over the 20th century, however, the rate of <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the average level of tidal waters with respect to land, or relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, has increased, at least partially as a result of global warming. Moreover, the scientific evidence is compelling that Earth’s climate will continue to warm and its oceans will <span class="hlt">rise</span> even more rapidly. Recognizing the scientific consensus around global climate change, the contribution of human activities to it, and the vulnerability of Maryland’s people, property, public investments, and natural resources, Governor Martin O’Malley established the Maryland Commission on Climate Change on April 20, 2007. The Commission produced a Plan of Action that included a comprehensive climate change impact assessment, a greenhouse gas reduction strategy, and strategies for reducing Maryland’s vulnerability to climate change. The Plan has led to landmark legislation to reduce the state’s greenhouse gas emissions and a variety of state policies designed to reduce energy consumption and promote adaptation to climate change.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301037S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301037S"><span>The advisability of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction in the city</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sergievskaya, Natalia; Pokrovskaya, Tatyana; Vorontsova, Natalya</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In this article there discusses the question of advisability high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction, the reasons for its use, both positive and negative sides of it. On the one hand, a number of authors believe that it is difficult to avoid high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction due to the limited areas in very large cities. On the other hand, a number of other authors draw attention to the problems associated with high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction. The author of the article analyses examples of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction in several countries (UAE, Dubai "Burj Khalifa"; Japan "Tokyo Sky Tree"; United States of America, "Willis Tower"; Russia "Federation Tower") and proves the advisability of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction in the city.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26004489','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26004489"><span>Thinkers and feelers: Emotion and <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Corcoran, Katie E</p> <p>2015-07-01</p> <p>Voluntary organizations, such as religious congregations, ask their members to contribute money as a part of membership and rely on these contributions for their survival. Yet often only a small cadre of members provides the majority of the contributions. Past research on congregational <span class="hlt">giving</span> focuses on cognitive rational processes, generally neglecting the role of emotion. Extending Collins' (2004) interaction ritual theory, I predict that individuals who experience positive emotions during religious services will be more likely to <span class="hlt">give</span> a higher proportion of their income to their congregation than those who do not. Moreover, I argue that this effect will be amplified in congregational contexts characterized by high aggregate levels of positive emotion, strictness, dense congregational networks, and expressive rituals. Using data from the 2001 U.S. Congregational Life Survey and multilevel modeling, I find support for several of these hypotheses. The findings suggest that both cognitive and emotional processes underlie congregational <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22363966-early-phase-photometry-spectroscopy-transitional-type-ia-sn-direct-constraint-rise-time','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22363966-early-phase-photometry-spectroscopy-transitional-type-ia-sn-direct-constraint-rise-time"><span>EARLY-PHASE PHOTOMETRY AND SPECTROSCOPY OF TRANSITIONAL TYPE Ia SN 2012ht: DIRECT CONSTRAINT ON THE <span class="hlt">RISE</span> TIME</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Yamanaka, Masayuki; Nogami, Daisaku; Maeda, Keiichi</p> <p></p> <p>We report photometric and spectroscopic <span class="hlt">observations</span> of the nearby Type Ia Supernova (SN Ia) 2012ht from –15.8 days to +49.1 days after B-band maximum. The decline rate of the light curve is Δm {sub 15}(B) = 1.39 ± 0.05 mag, which is intermediate between normal and subluminous SNe Ia, and similar to that of the ''transitional'' Type Ia SN 2004eo. The spectral line profiles also closely resemble those of SN 2004eo. We were able to <span class="hlt">observe</span> SN 2012ht at a very early phase, when it was still <span class="hlt">rising</span> and was about three magnitudes fainter than at the peak. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> time to the B-bandmore » maximum is estimated to be 17.6 ± 0.5 days and the time of the explosion is MJD 56277.98 ± 0.13. SN 2012ht is the first transitional SN Ia whose <span class="hlt">rise</span> time is directly measured without using light curve templates, and the fifth SN Ia overall. This <span class="hlt">rise</span> time is consistent with those of the other four SNe within the measurement error, even including the extremely early detection of SN 2013dy. The <span class="hlt">rising</span> part of the light curve can be fitted by a quadratic function, and shows no sign of a shock-heating component due to the interaction of the ejecta with a companion star. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> time is significantly longer than that inferred for subluminous SNe such as SN 1991bg, which suggests that a progenitor and/or explosion mechanism of transitional SNe Ia are more similar to normal SNe Ia rather than to subluminous SNe Ia.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378067','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27378067"><span>The hydrodynamics of bubble <span class="hlt">rise</span> and impact with solid surfaces.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Manica, Rogerio; Klaseboer, Evert; Chan, Derek Y C</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>A bubble smaller than 1mm in radius <span class="hlt">rises</span> along a straight path in water and attains a constant speed due to the balance between buoyancy and drag force. Depending on the purity of the system, within the two extreme limits of tangentially immobile or mobile boundary conditions at the air-water interface considerably different terminal speeds are possible. When such a bubble impacts on a horizontal solid surface and bounces, interesting physics can be <span class="hlt">observed</span>. We study this physical phenomenon in terms of forces, which can be of colloidal, inertial, elastic, surface tension and viscous origins. Recent advances in high-speed photography allow for the <span class="hlt">observation</span> of phenomena on the millisecond scale. Simultaneous use of such cameras to visualize both <span class="hlt">rise</span>/deformation and the dynamics of the thin film drainage through interferometry are now possible. These experiments confirm that the drainage process obeys lubrication theory for the spectrum of micrometre to millimetre-sized bubbles that are covered in this review. We aim to bridge the colloidal perspective at low Reynolds numbers where surface forces are important to high Reynolds number fluid dynamics where the effect of the surrounding flow becomes important. A model that combines a force balance with lubrication theory allows for the quantitative comparison with experimental data under different conditions without any fitting parameter. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031674','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70031674"><span>Windy Mars: A dynamic planet as seen by the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> camera</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Bridges, N.T.; Geissler, P.E.; McEwen, A.S.; Thomson, B.J.; Chuang, F.C.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L.P.; Martinez-Alonso, S.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>With a dynamic atmosphere and a large supply of particulate material, the surface of Mars is heavily influenced by wind-driven, or aeolian, processes. The High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) camera on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) provides a new view of Martian geology, with the ability to see decimeter-size features. Current sand movement, and evidence for recent bedform development, is <span class="hlt">observed</span>. Dunes and ripples generally exhibit complex surfaces down to the limits of resolution. Yardangs have diverse textures, with some being massive at Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> scale, others having horizontal and cross-cutting layers of variable character, and some exhibiting blocky and polygonal morphologies. "Reticulate" (fine polygonal texture) bedforms are ubiquitus in the thick mantle at the highest elevations. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303057A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303057A"><span>Leasing instruments of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction financing</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aleksandrova, Olga; Ivleva, Elena; Sukhacheva, Viktoria; Rumyantseva, Anna</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The leasing sector of the business economics is expanding. Leasing instruments for high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction financing allow to determine the best business behaviour in the leasing economy sector, not only in the sphere of transactions with equipment and vehicles. Investments in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction have a multiplicative effect. It initiates an active search and leasing instruments use in the economic behaviour of construction organizations. The study of the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction sector in the structure of the leasing market participants significantly expands the leasing system framework. The scheme of internal and external leasing process factors influence on the result formation in the leasing sector of economy is offered.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70195364','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70195364"><span>Correcting spacecraft jitter in Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Sutton, S. S.; Boyd, A.K.; Kirk, Randolph L.; Cook, Debbie; Backer, Jean; Fennema, A.; Heyd, R.; McEwen, A.S.; Mirchandani, S.D.; Wu, B.; Di, K.; Oberst, J.; Karachevtseva, I.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Mechanical oscillations or vibrations on spacecraft, also called pointing jitter, cause geometric distortions and/or smear in high resolution digital images acquired from orbit. Geometric distortion is especially a problem with pushbroom type sensors, such as the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) instrument on board the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO). Geometric distortions occur at a range of frequencies that may not be obvious in the image products, but can cause problems with stereo image correlation in the production of digital elevation models, and in measuring surface changes over time in orthorectified images. The Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> focal plane comprises a staggered array of fourteen charge-coupled devices (CCDs) with pixel IFOV of 1 microradian. The high spatial resolution of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> makes it both sensitive to, and an excellent recorder of jitter. We present an algorithm using Fourier analysis to resolve the jitter function for a Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> image that is then used to update instrument pointing information to remove geometric distortions from the image. Implementation of the jitter analysis and image correction is performed on selected Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images. Resulting corrected images and updated pointing information are made available to the public. Results show marked reduction of geometric distortions. This work has applications to similar cameras operating now, and to the design of future instruments (such as the Europa Imaging System).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5512256','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5512256"><span>Cell Cycle-Dependent Expression of Adeno-Associated Virus 2 (AAV2) Rep in Coinfections with Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1) <span class="hlt">Gives</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to a Mosaic of Cells Replicating either AAV2 or HSV-1</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Franzoso, Francesca D.; Seyffert, Michael; Vogel, Rebecca; Yakimovich, Artur; de Andrade Pereira, Bruna; Meier, Anita F.; Sutter, Sereina O.; Tobler, Kurt; Vogt, Bernd; Greber, Urs F.; Büning, Hildegard; Ackermann, Mathias</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>ABSTRACT Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) depends on the simultaneous presence of a helper virus such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) for productive replication. At the same time, AAV2 efficiently blocks the replication of HSV-1, which would eventually limit its own replication by diminishing the helper virus reservoir. This discrepancy begs the question of how AAV2 and HSV-1 can coexist in a cell population. Here we show that in coinfected cultures, AAV2 DNA replication takes place almost exclusively in S/G2-phase cells, while HSV-1 DNA replication is restricted to G1 phase. Live microscopy revealed that not only wild-type AAV2 (wtAAV2) replication but also reporter gene expression from both single-stranded and double-stranded (self-complementary) recombinant AAV2 vectors preferentially occurs in S/G2-phase cells, suggesting that the preference for S/G2 phase is independent of the nature of the viral genome. Interestingly, however, a substantial proportion of S/G2-phase cells transduced by the double-stranded but not the single-stranded recombinant AAV2 vectors progressed through mitosis in the absence of the helper virus. We conclude that cell cycle-dependent AAV2 rep expression facilitates cell cycle-dependent AAV2 DNA replication and inhibits HSV-1 DNA replication. This may limit competition for cellular and viral helper factors and, hence, creates a biological niche for either virus to replicate. IMPORTANCE Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2) differs from most other viruses, as it requires not only a host cell for replication but also a helper virus such as an adenovirus or a herpesvirus. This situation inevitably leads to competition for cellular resources. AAV2 has been shown to efficiently inhibit the replication of helper viruses. Here we present a new facet of the interaction between AAV2 and one of its helper viruses, herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1). We <span class="hlt">observed</span> that AAV2 rep gene expression is cell cycle dependent and <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to distinct time</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001487.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001487.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Aerial view of the Sverdrup Glacier, a river of ice that flows from the interior of the Devon Island Ice Cap (Canada) into the ocean. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Alex Gardner, Clark University NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001480.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001480.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Melt water ponded at surface in the accumulation zone of Columbia Glacier, Alaska, in July 2008. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: W. Tad Pfeffer, University of Colorado at Boulder NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001484.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001484.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Peripheral glaciers and ice caps (isolated from the main ice sheet, which is seen in the upper right section of the image) in eastern Greenland. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Frank Paul, University of Zurich NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001479.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001479.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>This ice cave in Belcher Glacier (Devon Island, Canada) was formed by melt water flowing within the glacier ice. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Angus Duncan, University of Saskatchewan NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...81a2155Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017E%26ES...81a2155Y"><span>Distribution trend of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings worldwide and factor exploration</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yu, Shao-Qiao</p> <p>2017-08-01</p> <p>This paper elaborates the development phenomenon of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings nowadays. The development trend of super high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings worldwide is analyzed based on data from the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, taking the top 100 high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings in different continents and with the time development and building type as the objects. Through analysis, the trend of flourishing of UAE super high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and stable development of European and American high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings is obtained. The reasons for different development degrees of the regions are demonstrated from the aspects of social development, economy, culture and consciousness. This paper also presents unavoidable issues of super high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and calls for rational treatment to these buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1412869-long-rising-type-ii-supernovae-from-palomar-transient-factory-caltech-core-collapse-project','SCIGOV-DOEP'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/pages/biblio/1412869-long-rising-type-ii-supernovae-from-palomar-transient-factory-caltech-core-collapse-project"><span>Long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> Type II supernovae from Palomar Transient Factory and Caltech Core-Collapse Project</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/pages">DOE PAGES</a></p> <p>Taddia, Francesco; Sollerman, J.; Fremling, C.; ...</p> <p>2016-03-09</p> <p>Context. Supernova (SN) 1987A was a peculiar hydrogen-rich event with a long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> (~84 d) light curve, stemming from the explosion of a compact blue supergiant star. Only a few similar events have been presented in the literature in recent decades. Aims. We present new data for a sample of six long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> Type II SNe (SNe II), three of which were discovered and <span class="hlt">observed</span> by the Palomar Transient Factory (PTF) and three <span class="hlt">observed</span> by the Caltech Core-Collapse Project (CCCP). Our aim is to enlarge this small family of long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> SNe II, characterizing their differences in terms of progenitor and explosion parameters.more » We also study the metallicity of their environments. Methods. Optical light curves, spectra, and host-galaxy properties of these SNe are presented and analyzed. Detailed comparisons with known SN 1987A-like events in the literature are shown, with particular emphasis on the absolute magnitudes, colors, expansion velocities, and host-galaxy metallicities. Bolometric properties are derived from the multiband light curves. By modeling the early-time emission with scaling relations derived from the SuperNova Explosion Code (SNEC) models of MESA progenitor stars, we estimate the progenitor radii of these transients. The modeling of the bolometric light curves also allows us to estimate other progenitor and explosion parameters, such as the ejected 56Ni mass, the explosion energy, and the ejecta mass. Results. We present PTF12kso, a long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> SN II that is estimated to have the largest amount of ejected 56Ni mass measured for this class. PTF09gpn and PTF12kso are found at the lowest host metallicities <span class="hlt">observed</span> for this SN group. The variety of early light-curve luminosities depends on the wide range of progenitor radii of these SNe, from a few tens of R ⊙ (SN 2005ci) up to thousands (SN 2004ek) with some intermediate cases between 100 R ⊙ (PTF09gpn) and 300 R ⊙ (SN 2004em). Conclusions. We confirm that long-<span class="hlt">rising</span> SNe II with light-curve shapes</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_14");'>14</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li class="active"><span>16</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_16 --> <div id="page_17" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="321"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=TLA&pg=3&id=EJ940703','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=TLA&pg=3&id=EJ940703"><span>New Groups <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Teachers Alternative Voice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Sawchuk, Stephen</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>This article reports on the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of nonunion advocacy groups for teachers which has enabled them to cut their teeth on policy issues that affect the profession. The teachers' unions remain the most visible, powerful, and probably the most important advocates for teachers. But over the past few years, a number of new efforts have sprung up…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=multi+AND+level+AND+shift&pg=4&id=ED210232','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=multi+AND+level+AND+shift&pg=4&id=ED210232"><span>The <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fall of Energy Education.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Petrock, Edith M.</p> <p></p> <p>This paper discusses the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall of energy education, justifies the commitment to achieve the goals of energy education, and suggests some strategies for accomplishing this objective. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> of energy education is first discussed. Energy is not a newcomer to the K-12 school instructional program. Energy sources, forms, states, and uses…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA620675','DTIC-ST'); return false;" href="http://www.dtic.mil/docs/citations/ADA620675"><span>Syria and the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Radical Islamist Groups</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.dtic.mil/">DTIC Science & Technology</a></p> <p></p> <p>2015-03-01</p> <p>Revolution.” 397 David Blair and Richard Spencer , “How Qatar Is Funding the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Islamist Extremists,” The Telegraph, September 20, 2014, http...Islamists in Syria, Officials Say;” Spencer , “How Qatar Is Funding the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Islamist Extremists.” 411 Amena Bakr, “Defying Allies, Qatar Unlikely...Ibid. 416 Spencer , “How Qatar Is Funding the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Islamist Extremists.” 417 Thomas Hegghammer and Aaron Y. Zelin, “How Syria’s Civil War Became a</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..140a2125N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..140a2125N"><span>Wind load effects on high <span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings in Peninsular Malaysia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nizamani, Z.; Thang, K. C.; Haider, B.; Shariff, M.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Wind is a randomly varying dynamic phenomenon composed of a multitude of eddies of varying sizes and rotational characteristics along a general stream of air moving relative to the ground. These eddies <span class="hlt">give</span> wind its gustiness, creating fluctuation and results in a complex flow characteristics. The wind vector at any point can be regarded as the sum of mean wind vector and the fluctuation components. These components not only vary with height but also dependant on the approach terrain and topography. Prevailing wind exerts pressure onto the structural surfaces. The effects of wind pressure in the form of shear and bending moments are found to be a major problem in structural failure. This study aims to study the effects of wind load on a fifteen-storey high <span class="hlt">rise</span> building using EN 1991-1-4 code and MS1553:2002. The simulation results showed that by increasing the wind speed, the storey resultant forces, namely storey shear and storey moment increases significantly. Furthermore, simulation results according to EN 1991-1-4 yield higher values compared to the simulation results according to MS1553:2002.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Nanot..19c5301R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008Nanot..19c5301R"><span>Real-time <span class="hlt">observation</span> of FIB-created dots and ripples on GaAs</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rose, F.; Fujita, H.; Kawakatsu, H.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>We report a phenomenological study of Ga dots and ripples created by a focused ion beam (FIB) on the GaAs(001) surface. Real-time <span class="hlt">observation</span> of dot diffusion and ripple formation was made possible by recording FIB movies. In the case of FIB irradiation with a 40 nA current of Ga+ ions accelerated under 40 kV with an incidence angle of θ = 30°, increasing ion dose <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to three different regimes. In Regime 1, dots with lateral sizes in the range 50-460 nm are formed. Dots diffuse under continuous sputtering. In Regime 2, dots self-assemble into Bradley and Harper (BH) type ripples with a pseudo-period of λ = 1150 ± 25 nm. In Regime 3, ripples are eroded and the surface topology evolves into microplanes. In the case of normal incidence, FIB sputtering leads only to the formation of dots, without surface rippling.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12012406','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12012406"><span>Competing supramolecular interactions <span class="hlt">give</span> a new twist to terpyridyl chemistry: anion- and solvent-induced formation of spiral arrays in silver(I) complexes of a simple terpyridine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Hannon, Michael J; Painting, Claire L; Plummer, Edward A; Childs, Laura J; Alcock, Nathaniel W</p> <p>2002-05-17</p> <p>Multiple competing molecular interactions (metal-ligand, pi-stacking and hydrogen-bonding) in the silver(I) complexes of 4'-thiomethyl-2,2':6',2"-terpyridine <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a range of different molecular architectures, in which the metal-ligand coordination requirements are satisfied in quite different ways. Polynuclear supramolecular spirals, aggregated mononuclear and aggregated dinuclear units are all structurally characterised. The metallo-supramolecular architecture obtained displays a remarkable dependence both on the choice of non-coordinated anion and the type of solvent used (coordinating or non-coordinating). The anion dependence is particularly surprising, since the anions are not integrated into the centre of the supramolecular structure. The solution behaviour is also solvent and anion dependent, with aggregation of planar mononuclear cations <span class="hlt">observed</span> in acetonitrile, but oligonuclear spiral species implicated in nitromethane. The extraordinarily variable geometries of these systems suggest that they provide a novel example of the "frustration" principle, in which opposing tendencies cannot simultaneously be satisfied and identify an alternative approach to the design of metallo-supramolecular systems whose structure is responsive to external agents.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARH12005P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016APS..MARH12005P"><span><span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Racetrack Memory! Domain Wall Spin-Orbitronics</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Parkin, Stuart</p> <p></p> <p>Memory-storage devices based on the current controlled motion of a series of domain walls (DWs) in magnetic racetracks promise performance and reliability beyond that of conventional magnetic disk drives and solid state storage devices (1). Racetracks that are formed from atomically thin, perpendicularly magnetized nano-wires, interfaced with adjacent metal layers with high spin-orbit coupling, <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to domain walls that exhibit a chiral Néel structure (2). These DWs can be moved very efficiently with current via chiral spin-orbit torques (2,3). Record-breaking current-induced DW speeds exceeding 1,000 m/sec are found in synthetic antiferromagnetic structures (3) in which the net magnetization of the DWs is tuned to almost zero, making them ``invisible''. Based on these recent discoveries, Racetrack Memory devices have the potential to operate on picosecond timescales and at densities more than 100 times greater than other memory technologies. (1) S.S.P. Parkin et al., Science 320, 5873 (2008); S.S.P. Parkin and S.-H. Yang, Nat. Nano. 10, 195 (2015). (2) K.-S. Ryu metal. Nat. Nano. 8, 527 (2013). (3) S.-H. Yang, K.-S. Ryu and S.S.P. Parkin, Nat. Nano. 10, 221 (2015). (4). S.S.P. Parkin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 67, 3598 (1991).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27851808','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27851808"><span>An <span class="hlt">Observation</span>-Driven Agent-Based Modeling and Analysis Framework for C. elegans Embryogenesis.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Zi; Ramsey, Benjamin J; Wang, Dali; Wong, Kwai; Li, Husheng; Wang, Eric; Bao, Zhirong</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>With cutting-edge live microscopy and image analysis, biologists can now systematically track individual cells in complex tissues and quantify cellular behavior over extended time windows. Computational approaches that utilize the systematic and quantitative data are needed to understand how cells interact in vivo to <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the different cell types and 3D morphology of tissues. An agent-based, minimum descriptive modeling and analysis framework is presented in this paper to study C. elegans embryogenesis. The framework is designed to incorporate the large amounts of experimental <span class="hlt">observations</span> on cellular behavior and reserve data structures/interfaces that allow regulatory mechanisms to be added as more insights are gained. <span class="hlt">Observed</span> cellular behaviors are organized into lineage identity, timing and direction of cell division, and path of cell movement. The framework also includes global parameters such as the eggshell and a clock. Division and movement behaviors are driven by statistical models of the <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Data structures/interfaces are reserved for gene list, cell-cell interaction, cell fate and landscape, and other global parameters until the descriptive model is replaced by a regulatory mechanism. This approach provides a framework to handle the ongoing experiments of single-cell analysis of complex tissues where mechanistic insights lag data collection and need to be validated on complex <span class="hlt">observations</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvX...6a1002C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016PhRvX...6a1002C"><span><span class="hlt">Observing</span> Quantum State Diffusion by Heterodyne Detection of Fluorescence</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Campagne-Ibarcq, P.; Six, P.; Bretheau, L.; Sarlette, A.; Mirrahimi, M.; Rouchon, P.; Huard, B.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>A qubit can relax by fluorescence, which prompts the release of a photon into its electromagnetic environment. By counting the emitted photons, discrete quantum jumps of the qubit state can be <span class="hlt">observed</span>. The succession of states occupied by the qubit in a single experiment, its quantum trajectory, depends in fact on the kind of detector. How are the quantum trajectories modified if one measures continuously the amplitude of the fluorescence field instead? Using a superconducting parametric amplifier, we perform heterodyne detection of the fluorescence of a superconducting qubit. For each realization of the measurement record, we can reconstruct a different quantum trajectory for the qubit. The <span class="hlt">observed</span> evolution obeys quantum state diffusion, which is characteristic of quantum measurements subject to zero-point fluctuations. Independent projective measurements of the qubit at various times provide a quantitative verification of the reconstructed trajectories. By exploring the statistics of quantum trajectories, we demonstrate that the qubit states span a deterministic surface in the Bloch sphere at each time in the evolution. Additionally, we show that when monitoring fluorescence field quadratures, coherent superpositions are generated during the decay from excited to ground state. Counterintuitively, measuring light emitted during relaxation can <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to trajectories with increased excitation probability.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=massage&pg=6&id=EJ448408','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=massage&pg=6&id=EJ448408"><span>Direction-<span class="hlt">Giving</span> Skills in the Classroom (A Teaching Tip).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Ross, Charlynn</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Offers a unit on direction <span class="hlt">giving</span> to help students identify effective and ineffective direction <span class="hlt">giving</span>; become familiar with the preparation and presentation components of sound direction <span class="hlt">giving</span>; and determine whether the message intended was the massage received. Discusses barriers to listening, misunderstandings, and provides exercises and steps…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005IAUS..231...17T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005IAUS..231...17T"><span><span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Pre-Stellar Cores</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tafalla, M.</p> <p>2005-08-01</p> <p>Our understanding of the physical and chemical structure of pre-stellar cores, the simplest star-forming sites, has significantly improved since the last IAU Symposium on Astrochemistry (South Korea, 1999). Research done over these years has revealed that major molecular species like CO and CS systematically deplete onto dust grains in the interior of pre-stellar cores, while species like N2H+ and NH3 survive in the gas phase and can usually be detected toward the core centers. Such a selective behavior of molecular species <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a differentiated (onion-like) chemical composition, and manifests itself in molecular maps as a dichotomy between centrally peaked and ring-shaped distributions. From the point of view of star-formation studies, the identification of molecular inhomogeneities in cores helps to resolve past discrepancies between <span class="hlt">observations</span> made using different tracers, and brings the possibility of self-consistent modelling of the core internal structure. Here I present recent work on determining the physical and chemical structure of two pre-stellar cores, L1498 and L1517B, using <span class="hlt">observations</span> in a large number of molecules and Monte Carlo radiative transfer analysis. These two cores are typical examples of the pre-stellar core population, and their chemical composition is characterized by the presence of large `freeze out holes' in most molecular species. In contrast with these chemically processed objects, a new population of chemically young cores has begun to emerge. The characteristics of its most extreme representative, L1521E, are briefly reviewed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-270.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title21-vol2-sec137-270.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.270 - Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal. 137.270 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.270 Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal. (a) Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal is an intimate mixture of white corn meal, sodium bicarbonate, and one or both of the acid-reacting...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-270.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title21-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title21-vol2-sec137-270.pdf"><span>21 CFR 137.270 - Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal. 137.270 Section 137... Cereal Flours and Related Products § 137.270 Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal. (a) Self-<span class="hlt">rising</span> white corn meal is an intimate mixture of white corn meal, sodium bicarbonate, and one or both of the acid-reacting...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31211','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/31211"><span>Sensitivity of air quality simulation to smoke plume <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>Yongqiang Liu; Gary Achtemeier; Scott Goodrick</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>Plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> is the height smoke plumes can reach. This information is needed by air quality models such as the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model to simulate physical and chemical processes of point-source fire emissions. This study seeks to understand the importance of plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> to CMAQ air quality simulation of prescribed burning to plume <span class="hlt">rise</span>. CMAQ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=building+AND+codes&pg=3&id=EJ614817','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=building+AND+codes&pg=3&id=EJ614817"><span>High-<span class="hlt">Rising</span> Rec Centers.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Whitney, Tim</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>Examines how tight urban sites can yield sports spaces that favorably compare to their more rural campus counterparts. Potential areas of concern when recreation centers are reconfigured into high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> structures are highlighted, including building codes, building access, noise control, building costs, and lighting. (GR)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGC51B0958C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMGC51B0958C"><span>Assessment on vulnerability of coastal wetlands to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the Yangtze Estuary, China</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cui, L.; Ge, Z.; Zhang, L.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p> 1(low vulnerability) and 2 (moderate vulnerability), respectively. In 2050s, 88.8 %, 10.7 % and 0.5 % of the coastal wetlands were in the EVI score of 0, 1 and 2, respectively. In 2100s, 85.7 %, 7.3 % , 2.0 % and 5.0 % of the coastal wetlands were in the EVI score of 0, 1, 2 and 3(high vulnerability), respectively. At the A1F1 scenario of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rate of 0.59 cm/a, 91.0 %, 8.7 % and 0.3 % of the coastal wetlands in 2030s were in the EVI score of 0, 1 and 2 , respectively. In 2050s, 86.9 %, 10.5 % , 2.4 % and 0.2 % of the coastal wetlands were in the EVI score of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. In 2100s, 82.4 %, 7.1 % , 2.4 % and 8.1 % of the coastal wetlands were in the EVI score of 0, 1, 2 and 3, respectively. The spatiotemporal occurrences of vulnerability were mainly where the subsidence rate is relatively higher and the sedimentation rate is lower or even negative. The results from this study indicated that the combined effects of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, land subsidence, reducing sediment discharge could <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the high risk of a considerable decrease or even habitat loss of coastal wetland in the Yangtze Estuary (particularly in 2050s and 2100s). Therefore some mitigation measures should be considered in the future, including management of sedimentation, reducing land subsidence, recreating and extending wetland habitat, and controlling reclamation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatGe..11..238F','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018NatGe..11..238F"><span><span class="hlt">Observationally</span> derived <span class="hlt">rise</span> in methane surface forcing mediated by water vapour trends</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Feldman, D. R.; Collins, W. D.; Biraud, S. C.; Risser, M. D.; Turner, D. D.; Gero, P. J.; Tadić, J.; Helmig, D.; Xie, S.; Mlawer, E. J.; Shippert, T. R.; Torn, M. S.</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>Atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratios exhibited a plateau between 1995 and 2006 and have subsequently been increasing. While there are a number of competing explanations for the temporal evolution of this greenhouse gas, these prominent features in the temporal trajectory of atmospheric CH4 are expected to perturb the surface energy balance through radiative forcing, largely due to the infrared radiative absorption features of CH4. However, to date this has been determined strictly through radiative transfer calculations. Here, we present a quantified <span class="hlt">observation</span> of the time series of clear-sky radiative forcing by CH4 at the surface from 2002 to 2012 at a single site derived from spectroscopic measurements along with line-by-line calculations using ancillary data. There was no significant trend in CH4 forcing between 2002 and 2006, but since then, the trend in forcing was 0.026 ± 0.006 (99.7% CI) W m2 yr-1. The seasonal-cycle amplitude and secular trends in <span class="hlt">observed</span> forcing are influenced by a corresponding seasonal cycle and trend in atmospheric CH4. However, we find that we must account for the overlapping absorption effects of atmospheric water vapour (H2O) and CH4 to explain the <span class="hlt">observations</span> fully. Thus, the determination of CH4 radiative forcing requires accurate <span class="hlt">observations</span> of both the spatiotemporal distribution of CH4 and the vertically resolved trends in H2O.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhRvD..77f3513O','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008PhRvD..77f3513O"><span>Dynamics of interacting quintessence models: <span class="hlt">Observational</span> constraints</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Olivares, Germán; Atrio-Barandela, Fernando; Pavón, Diego</p> <p>2008-03-01</p> <p>Interacting quintessence models have been proposed to explain or, at least, alleviate the coincidence problem of late cosmic acceleration. In this paper we are concerned with two aspects of these kind of models: (i) the dynamical evolution of the model of Chimento et al. [L. P. Chimento, A. S. Jakubi, D. Pavón, and W. Zimdahl, Phys. Rev. D 67, 083513 (2003).PRVDAQ0556-282110.1103/PhysRevD.67.083513], i.e., whether its cosmological evolution <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a right sequence of radiation, dark matter, and dark energy dominated eras, and (ii) whether the dark matter dark energy ratio asymptotically evolves towards a nonzero constant. After showing that the model correctly reproduces these eras, we correlate three data sets that constrain the interaction at three redshift epochs: z≤104, z=103, and z=1. We discuss the model selection and argue that even if the model under consideration fulfills both requirements, it is heavily constrained by <span class="hlt">observation</span>. The prospects that the coincidence problem can be explained by the coupling of dark matter to dark energy are not clearly favored by the data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001496.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001496.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-05-15</p> <p>An airplane drops essential support on the Austfonna Ice Cap in Svalbard (Norwegian Arctic). The triangular structure is a corner reflector used as ground reference for airborne radar surveys. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Andrea Taurisano, Norwegian Polar Institute NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5753368','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5753368"><span><span class="hlt">RISE</span>: a database of RNA interactome from sequencing experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Gong, Jing; Shao, Di; Xu, Kui</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Abstract We present <span class="hlt">RISE</span> (http://<span class="hlt">rise</span>.zhanglab.net), a database of RNA Interactome from Sequencing Experiments. RNA-RNA interactions (RRIs) are essential for RNA regulation and function. <span class="hlt">RISE</span> provides a comprehensive collection of RRIs that mainly come from recent transcriptome-wide sequencing-based experiments like PARIS, SPLASH, LIGR-seq, and MARIO, as well as targeted studies like RIA-seq, RAP-RNA and CLASH. It also includes interactions aggregated from other primary databases and publications. The <span class="hlt">RISE</span> database currently contains 328,811 RNA-RNA interactions mainly in human, mouse and yeast. While most existing RNA databases mainly contain interactions of miRNA targeting, notably, more than half of the RRIs in <span class="hlt">RISE</span> are among mRNA and long non-coding RNAs. We compared different RRI datasets in <span class="hlt">RISE</span> and found limited overlaps in interactions resolved by different techniques and in different cell lines. It may suggest technology preference and also dynamic natures of RRIs. We also analyzed the basic features of the human and mouse RRI networks and found that they tend to be scale-free, small-world, hierarchical and modular. The analysis may nominate important RNAs or RRIs for further investigation. Finally, <span class="hlt">RISE</span> provides a Circos plot and several table views for integrative visualization, with extensive molecular and functional annotations to facilitate exploration of biological functions for any RRI of interest. PMID:29040625</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_15");'>15</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li class="active"><span>17</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_17 --> <div id="page_18" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="341"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772134','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16772134"><span>Timing of follicular phase events and the postovulatory progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span> following synchronisation of oestrus in cows.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Starbuck, G R; Gutierrez, C G; Peters, A R; Mann, G E</p> <p>2006-07-01</p> <p>In cows the timing of both ovulation and the subsequent postovulatory progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span> are critical to successful fertilisation and early embryo development. The aim of this study was to determine the degree of variability in the timing of ovulation relative to other follicular phase events and to determine how variations in the timing of follicular phase events contribute to the timing of the postovulatory progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Plasma concentrations of progesterone, oestradiol and luteinising hormone (LH) and the timing of oestrus and ovulation were determined following induction of luteolysis were determined in 18 mature, non-lactating Holstein-Friesian cows. Four cows were excluded on the basis of abnormal reproductive function. In the remaining 14 cows oestrus occurred at 57.4+/-4.3h and the LH surge at 54.6+/-4.0h following luteolysis (progesterone <1ngmL(-1)) followed by a fall in circulating oestradiol concentration at 64.6+/-4.4h. Cows ovulated at 88.0+/-4.7h with the postovulatory progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span> (to >1ngmL(-1)) occurring 159+/-7.2h after luteolysis. There was considerable variation in the timing of ovulation following luteolysis (range 64-136h) onset of oestrus (range 24-40h) and onset of the LH surge (range 24-44h). Cows were then split on the basis of interval from progesterone fall to progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span> <span class="hlt">giving</span> groups (n=7 per group) with intervals of 180.6+/-6.7 and 138.3+/-5.7h (P<0.001). Between groups, both the intervals from luteolysis to ovulation (98.3+/-6.9 vs 77.7+/-3.4h; P<0.05) and ovulation to progesterone <span class="hlt">rise</span> (82.3+/-4.2 vs. 60.6+/-5.5h; P<0.01) were longer in late <span class="hlt">rise</span> cows. There was no difference between groups in the interval from oestrus or LH surge to ovulation. In conclusion the results of this study further highlight the high variability that exists in the timing and interrelationships of follicular phase events in the modern dairy cow, reemphasising the challenges that exist in optimising mating strategies. However, the data do</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431478','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431478"><span>Historical Cavern Floor <span class="hlt">Rise</span> for All SPR Sites</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Moriarty, Dylan Michael</p> <p>2016-09-01</p> <p>The Strategic Petroleum Reserve (SPR) contains the largest supply is the largest stockpile of government-owned emergency crude oil in the world. The oil is stored in multiple salt caverns spread over four sites in Louisiana and Texas. Cavern infrastructure near the bottom of the cavern can be damaged from vertical floor movement. This report presents a comprehensive history of floor movements in each cavern. Most of the cavern floor <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates ranged from 0.5-3.5 ft/yr, however, there were several caverns with much higher <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates. BH103, BM106, and BH105 had the three highest <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates. Information from this report willmore » be used to better predict future vertical floor movements and optimally place cavern infrastructure. The reasons for floor <span class="hlt">rise</span> are not entirely understood and should be investigated.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003669','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20120003669"><span>Sea-Level Projections from the Sea<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Initiative</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Nowicki, Sophie; Bindschadler, Robert</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Sea<span class="hlt">RISE</span> (Sea-level Response to Ice Sheet Evolution) is a community organized modeling effort, whose goal is to inform the fifth IPCC of the potential sea-level contribution from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets in the 21st and 22nd century. Sea<span class="hlt">RISE</span> seeks to determine the most likely ice sheet response to imposed climatic forcing by initializing an ensemble of models with common datasets and applying the same forcing to each model. Sensitivity experiments were designed to quantify the sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> associated with a change in: 1) surface mass balance, 2) basal lubrication, and 3) ocean induced basal melt. The range of responses, resulting from the multi-model approach, is interpreted as a proxy of uncertainty in our sea-level projections. http://websrv.cs .umt.edu/isis/index.php/Sea<span class="hlt">RISE</span>_Assessment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm','NIH-MEDLINEPLUS'); return false;" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/patientinstructions/000935.htm"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> an IM (intramuscular) injection</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://medlineplus.gov/">MedlinePlus</a></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p>... Wash your hands well with soap and water. Dry them. Carefully find the spot where you will <span class="hlt">give</span> the injection. Clean the skin at that spot with an alcohol wipe. Let it dry. Take the cap off the needle. Hold the ...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150023016','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150023016"><span>Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> in Santa Clara County</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Milesi, Cristina</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Presentation by Cristina Milesi, First Author, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA at the "Meeting the Challenge of Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> in Santa Clara County" on June 19, 2005 Santa Clara County, bordering with the southern portion of the San Francisco Bay, is highly vulnerable to flooding and to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (SLR). In this presentation, the latest sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections for the San Francisco Bay will be discussed in the context of extreme water height frequency and extent of flooding vulnerability. I will also present preliminary estimations of levee requirements and possible mitigation through tidal restoration of existing salt ponds. The examples will draw mainly from the work done by the NASA Climate Adaptation Science Investigators at NASA Ames.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3878930','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3878930"><span>Linking research to practice: the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of evidence-based health sciences librarianship*</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Marshall, Joanne Gard</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Purpose: The lecture explores the origins of evidence-based practice (EBP) in health sciences librarianship beginning with examples from the work of Janet Doe and past Doe lecturers. Additional sources of evidence are used to document the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of research and EBP as integral components of our professional work. Methods: Four sources of evidence are used to examine the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of EBP: (1) a publication by Doe and research-related content in past Doe lectures, (2) research-related word usage in articles in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and Journal of the Medical Library Association between 1961 and 2010, (3) Medical Library Association activities, and (4) EBP as an international movement. Results: These sources of evidence confirm the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of EBP in health sciences librarianship. International initiatives sparked the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of evidence-based librarianship and continue to characterize the movement. This review shows the emergence of a unique form of EBP that, although inspired by evidence-based medicine (EBM), has developed its own view of evidence and its application in library and information practice. Implications: Health sciences librarians have played a key role in initiating, nurturing, and spreading EBP in other branches of our profession. Our close association with EBM set the stage for developing our own EBP. While we relied on EBM as a model for our early efforts, we can <span class="hlt">observe</span> the continuing evolution of our own unique approach to using, creating, and applying evidence from a variety of sources to improve the quality of health information services. PMID:24415915</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24415915','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24415915"><span>Linking research to practice: the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of evidence-based health sciences librarianship.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Marshall, Joanne Gard</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>The lecture explores the origins of evidence-based practice (EBP) in health sciences librarianship beginning with examples from the work of Janet Doe and past Doe lecturers. Additional sources of evidence are used to document the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of research and EBP as integral components of our professional work. FOUR SOURCES OF EVIDENCE ARE USED TO EXAMINE THE <span class="hlt">RISE</span> OF EBP: (1) a publication by Doe and research-related content in past Doe lectures, (2) research-related word usage in articles in the Bulletin of the Medical Library Association and Journal of the Medical Library Association between 1961 and 2010, (3) Medical Library Association activities, and (4) EBP as an international movement. These sources of evidence confirm the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of EBP in health sciences librarianship. International initiatives sparked the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of evidence-based librarianship and continue to characterize the movement. This review shows the emergence of a unique form of EBP that, although inspired by evidence-based medicine (EBM), has developed its own view of evidence and its application in library and information practice. Health sciences librarians have played a key role in initiating, nurturing, and spreading EBP in other branches of our profession. Our close association with EBM set the stage for developing our own EBP. While we relied on EBM as a model for our early efforts, we can <span class="hlt">observe</span> the continuing evolution of our own unique approach to using, creating, and applying evidence from a variety of sources to improve the quality of health information services.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5127314','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5127314"><span>Coastal sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> with warming above 2 °C</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Jackson, Luke P.; Riva, Riccardo E. M.; Grinsted, Aslak; Moore, John C.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Two degrees of global warming above the preindustrial level is widely suggested as an appropriate threshold beyond which climate change risks become unacceptably high. This “2 °C” threshold is likely to be reached between 2040 and 2050 for both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 and 4.5. Resulting sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> will not be globally uniform, due to ocean dynamical processes and changes in gravity associated with water mass redistribution. Here we provide probabilistic sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections for the global coastline with warming above the 2 °C goal. By 2040, with a 2 °C warming under the RCP8.5 scenario, more than 90% of coastal areas will experience sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> exceeding the global estimate of 0.2 m, with up to 0.4 m expected along the Atlantic coast of North America and Norway. With a 5 °C <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 2100, sea level will <span class="hlt">rise</span> rapidly, reaching 0.9 m (median), and 80% of the coastline will exceed the global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the 95th percentile upper limit of 1.8 m. Under RCP8.5, by 2100, New York may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 1.09 m, Guangzhou may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 0.91 m, and Lagos may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 0.90 m, with the 95th percentile upper limit of 2.24 m, 1.93 m, and 1.92 m, respectively. The coastal communities of rapidly expanding cities in the developing world, and vulnerable tropical coastal ecosystems, will have a very limited time after midcentury to adapt to sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> unprecedented since the dawn of the Bronze Age. PMID:27821743</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821743','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27821743"><span>Coastal sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> with warming above 2 °C.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Jackson, Luke P; Riva, Riccardo E M; Grinsted, Aslak; Moore, John C</p> <p>2016-11-22</p> <p>Two degrees of global warming above the preindustrial level is widely suggested as an appropriate threshold beyond which climate change risks become unacceptably high. This "2 °C" threshold is likely to be reached between 2040 and 2050 for both Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 and 4.5. Resulting sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> will not be globally uniform, due to ocean dynamical processes and changes in gravity associated with water mass redistribution. Here we provide probabilistic sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections for the global coastline with warming above the 2 °C goal. By 2040, with a 2 °C warming under the RCP8.5 scenario, more than 90% of coastal areas will experience sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> exceeding the global estimate of 0.2 m, with up to 0.4 m expected along the Atlantic coast of North America and Norway. With a 5 °C <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 2100, sea level will <span class="hlt">rise</span> rapidly, reaching 0.9 m (median), and 80% of the coastline will exceed the global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> at the 95th percentile upper limit of 1.8 m. Under RCP8.5, by 2100, New York may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 1.09 m, Guangzhou may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 0.91 m, and Lagos may expect <span class="hlt">rises</span> of 0.90 m, with the 95th percentile upper limit of 2.24 m, 1.93 m, and 1.92 m, respectively. The coastal communities of rapidly expanding cities in the developing world, and vulnerable tropical coastal ecosystems, will have a very limited time after midcentury to adapt to sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> unprecedented since the dawn of the Bronze Age.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012032','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70012032"><span>Tertiary carbonate-dissolution cycles on the Sierra Leone <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, eastern equatorial Atlantic Ocean</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dean, W.E.; Gardner, J.V.; Cepek, P.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>Most of the Tertiary section on Sierra Leone <span class="hlt">Rise</span> off northwest Africa consists of chalk, marl, and limestone that show cyclic alterations of clay-rich and clay-poor beds about 20-60 cm thick. On the basis of biostratigraphic accumulation rates, the cycles in Oligocene and Miocene chalk have periods which average about 44,000 years, and those in Eocene siliceous limestone have periods of 4000-27,000 years. Several sections were sampled in detail to further define the cycles in terms of content of CaCO3, clay minerals, and relative abundances of calcareous nannofossils. Extending information gained by analyses of Pleistocene cores from the continental margin of northwest Africa to the Tertiary cycles on Sierra Leone <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, both dilution by noncarbonate material and dissolution of CaCO3 could have contributed to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> relative variations in clay and CaCO3. However, dissolution of CaCO3 as the main cause of the carbonate-clay cycles on the Sierra Leone <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, rather than dilution by clay, is suggested by the large amount of change (several thousand percent) in terrigenous influx required to produce the <span class="hlt">observed</span> variations in amount of clay and by the marked increase in abundance of dissolution-resistant discoasters relative to more easily dissolved coccoliths in low-carbonate parts of cycles. The main cause of dissolution of CaCO3 was shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth (CCD) during the early Neogene and climatically induced fluctuations in the thickness of Antarctic Bottom Water. ?? 1981.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3302016T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3302016T"><span>Application of tuned mass dampers in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Teplyshev, Vyacheslav; Mylnik, Alexey; Pushkareva, Maria; Agakhanov, Murad; Burova, Olga</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The article considers the use of tuned mass dampers in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction for significant acceleration and amplitude of vibrations of the upper floors under dynamic wind influences. The susceptibility of people to accelerations in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and possible means of reducing wind-induced fluctuations in buildings are analyzed. The statistics of application of tuned mass dampers in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction all over the world is presented. The goal of the study is to identify an economically attractive solution that allows the fullest use of the potential of building structures in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction, abandoning the need to build massive frames leading to over-consumption of materials.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9443-9"><span>The role of surface and subsurface processes in keeping pace with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in intertidal wetlands of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Lovelock, Catherine E.; Bennion, Vicki; Grinham, Alistair; Cahoon, Donald R.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Increases in the elevation of the soil surfaces of mangroves and salt marshes are key to the maintenance of these habitats with accelerating sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Understanding the processes that <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to increases in soil surface elevation provides science for management of landscapes for sustainable coastal wetlands. Here, we tested whether the soil surface elevation of mangroves and salt marshes in Moreton Bay is keeping up with local rates of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (2.358 mm y-1) and whether accretion on the soil surface was the most important process for keeping up with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. We found variability in surface elevation gains, with sandy areas in the eastern bay having the highest surface elevation gains in both mangrove and salt marsh (5.9 and 1.9 mm y-1) whereas in the muddier western bay rates of surface elevation gain were lower (1.4 and -0.3 mm y-1 in mangrove and salt marsh, respectively). Both sides of the bay had similar rates of surface accretion (~7–9 mm y-1 in the mangrove and 1–3 mm y-1 in the salt marsh), but mangrove soils in the western bay were subsiding at a rate of approximately 8 mm y-1, possibly due to compaction of organic sediments. Over the study surface elevation increments were sensitive to position in the intertidal zone (higher when lower in the intertidal) and also to variation in mean sea level (higher at high sea level). Although surface accretion was the most important process for keeping up with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the eastern bay, subsidence largely negated gains made through surface accretion in the western bay indicating a high vulnerability to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in these forests.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...838L..20H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017ApJ...838L..20H"><span>Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Reconciling <span class="hlt">Observations</span> with Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hönig, Sebastian F.; Kishimoto, Makoto</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This Letter presents a revised radiative transfer model for the infrared (IR) emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While current models assume that the IR is emitted from a dusty torus in the equatorial plane of the AGNs, spatially resolved <span class="hlt">observations</span> indicate that the majority of the IR emission from ≲100 pc in many AGNs originates from the polar region, contradicting classical torus models. The new model CAT3D-WIND builds upon the suggestion that the dusty gas around the AGNs consists of an inflowing disk and an outflowing wind. Here, it is demonstrated that (1) such disk+wind models cover overall a similar parameter range of <span class="hlt">observed</span> spectral features in the IR as classical clumpy torus models, e.g., the silicate feature strengths and mid-IR spectral slopes, (2) they reproduce the 3-5 μm bump <span class="hlt">observed</span> in many type 1 AGNs unlike torus models, and (3) they are able to explain polar emission features seen in IR interferometry, even for type 1 AGNs at relatively low inclination, as demonstrated for NGC3783. These characteristics make it possible to reconcile radiative transfer models with <span class="hlt">observations</span> and provide further evidence of a two-component parsec-scale dusty medium around AGNs: the disk <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the 3-5 μm near-IR component, while the wind produces the mid-IR emission. The model SEDs will be made available for download.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654422-dusty-winds-active-galactic-nuclei-reconciling-observations-models','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22654422-dusty-winds-active-galactic-nuclei-reconciling-observations-models"><span>Dusty Winds in Active Galactic Nuclei: Reconciling <span class="hlt">Observations</span> with Models</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Hönig, Sebastian F.; Kishimoto, Makoto, E-mail: S.Hoenig@soton.ac.uk</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>This Letter presents a revised radiative transfer model for the infrared (IR) emission of active galactic nuclei (AGNs). While current models assume that the IR is emitted from a dusty torus in the equatorial plane of the AGNs, spatially resolved <span class="hlt">observations</span> indicate that the majority of the IR emission from ≲100 pc in many AGNs originates from the polar region, contradicting classical torus models. The new model CAT3D-WIND builds upon the suggestion that the dusty gas around the AGNs consists of an inflowing disk and an outflowing wind. Here, it is demonstrated that (1) such disk+wind models cover overall amore » similar parameter range of <span class="hlt">observed</span> spectral features in the IR as classical clumpy torus models, e.g., the silicate feature strengths and mid-IR spectral slopes, (2) they reproduce the 3–5 μ m bump <span class="hlt">observed</span> in many type 1 AGNs unlike torus models, and (3) they are able to explain polar emission features seen in IR interferometry, even for type 1 AGNs at relatively low inclination, as demonstrated for NGC3783. These characteristics make it possible to reconcile radiative transfer models with <span class="hlt">observations</span> and provide further evidence of a two-component parsec-scale dusty medium around AGNs: the disk <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the 3–5 μ m near-IR component, while the wind produces the mid-IR emission. The model SEDs will be made available for download.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033973','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70033973"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span> of gas sublimation-driven activity in Mars' southern polar regions: III. Models of processes involving translucent ice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Portyankina, G.; Markiewicz, W.J.; Thomas, N.; Hansen, C.J.; Milazzo, M.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Enigmatic surface features, known as 'spiders', found at high southern martian latitudes, are probably caused by sublimation-driven erosion under the seasonal carbon dioxide ice cap. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) has imaged this terrain in unprecedented details throughout southern spring. It has been postulated [Kieffer, H.H., Titus, T.N., Mullins, K.F., Christensen, P.R., 2000. J. Geophys. Res. 105, 9653-9700] that translucent CO2 slab ice traps gas sublimating at the ice surface boundary. Wherever the pressure is released the escaping gas jet entrains loose surface material and carries it to the top of the ice where it is carried downslope and/or downwind and deposited in a fan shape. Here we model two stages of this scenario: first, the cleaning of CO2 slab ice from dust, and then, the breaking of the slab ice plate under the pressure built below it by subliming ice. Our modeling results and analysis of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images support the gas jet hypothesis and show that outbursts happen very early in spring. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol2-sec404-705.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol2-sec404-705.pdf"><span>20 CFR 404.705 - Failure to <span class="hlt">give</span> requested evidence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... will be asked to <span class="hlt">give</span> us by a certain date specific kinds of evidence or information to prove you are... not eligible for benefits. If you are already receiving benefits, you may be asked to <span class="hlt">give</span> us by a... benefits should be stopped or reduced. If you do not <span class="hlt">give</span> us the requested information by the date given...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title20-vol2-sec404-705.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2011-title20-vol2-sec404-705.pdf"><span>20 CFR 404.705 - Failure to <span class="hlt">give</span> requested evidence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-04-01</p> <p>... will be asked to <span class="hlt">give</span> us by a certain date specific kinds of evidence or information to prove you are... not eligible for benefits. If you are already receiving benefits, you may be asked to <span class="hlt">give</span> us by a... benefits should be stopped or reduced. If you do not <span class="hlt">give</span> us the requested information by the date given...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018245','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70018245"><span>Interaction of <span class="hlt">rising</span> frazil with suspended particles: tank experiments with applications to nature</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Reimnitz, E.; Clayton, J.R.; Kempema, E.W.; Payne, J.R.; Weber, W.S.</p> <p>1993-01-01</p> <p>Widespread occurrence of sediment-laden (turbid) sea ice and high concentrations of diatoms and foraminifers in ice have recently been reported from both polar regions. Many possible mechanisms of particle entrainment into ice have been postulated, among which scavenging by <span class="hlt">rising</span> frazil ice and nucleation or adhesion of ice onto suspended particles appear to be the most likely ones. No reliable experimental data on the mechanisms, however, are available. Because of the importance of turbid ice for sediment transport, tanks for laboratory-scale experiments were constructed, in which frazil crystals produced at the base were monitored <span class="hlt">rising</span> through water column laden with various types of particulate matter, including plankton. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> made in salt water are reported here. Over a distance of 1.5 m, frazil < 1 mm in diameter grew to crystals or flocs several cm in diameter, <span class="hlt">rising</span> at average velocities of 2 to 3 cm/s. <span class="hlt">Rise</span> velocities were a function of frazil size, but varied greatly due to interactions of ice particles of different size and velocity and the resulting turbulence. Sand-size particles could be either trapped permanently by <span class="hlt">rising</span> frazil, or were temporarily supported and again released. With live plankton, a several-fold enrichment of ice occurred, suggesting that their irregular shapes or appendages were caught by ice flocs. Diatom- and foram tests were also relatively effectively trapped. The concentration of silt- and clay-size terrigenous detritus in frazil tended to increase relative to the water. We found no preferential sorting by ice in this size range. Various kinds of evidence showed that ice does not nucleate onto foreign particles, and has no adhesive properties. Foreign material resided in the interstices of crystal aggregates, and particles denser than water could be released by agitation, suggesting that scavenging is a mechanical process. With <span class="hlt">rising</span> frazil, the settling of particulate matter therefore is either retarded or</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923927','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15923927"><span>New approaches of organizing care and work: <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to participation, mobilization, and innovation.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Viens, Chantal; Lavoie-Tremblay, Mélanie; Leclerc, Martine Mayrand; Brabant, Louise Hamelin</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Quebec's health network has undertaken large-scale organizational changes to ensure the continuity, accessibility, and quality of health care and services for the population. This article describes the optimal approach for making changes to the organization of care and work for patients, health care workers, and organizations. This participative action research was carried out by means of interviews and document analysis. One hundred participants were involved, describing a total of 34 projects for significant organizational change. Results include an optimal approach broken down into 4 phases, each of which includes steps, facilitating factors, and potential difficulties. The phases of this approach are: (1) sharing the vision, mission, and values of the organization and identifying the purpose and need underlying the change; (2) building alliances and validating the involvement of the various players; (3) conceptualizing and planning the project; and (4) implementing changes and continuing evaluation. It is possible to <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the challenge of finding new approaches to organize care and work by <span class="hlt">giving</span> way to participation, mobilization, and innovation.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA41A2158P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFMPA41A2158P"><span>Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Impacts On Infrastructure Vulnerability</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Pasqualini, D.; Mccown, A. W.; Backhaus, S.; Urban, N. M.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>Increase of global sea level is one of the potential consequences of climate change and represents a threat for the U.S.A coastal regions, which are highly populated and home of critical infrastructures. The potential danger caused by sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> may escalate if sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is coupled with an increase in frequency and intensity of storms that may strike these regions. These coupled threats present a clear risk to population and critical infrastructure and are concerns for Federal, State, and particularly local response and recovery planners. Understanding the effect of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the risk to critical infrastructure is crucial for long planning and for mitigating potential damages. In this work we quantify how infrastructure vulnerability to a range of storms changes due to an increase of sea level. Our study focuses on the Norfolk area of the U.S.A. We assess the direct damage of drinking water and wastewater facilities and the power sector caused by a distribution of synthetic hurricanes. In addition, our analysis estimates indirect consequences of these damages on population and economic activities accounting also for interdependencies across infrastructures. While projections unanimously indicate an increase in the rate of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, the scientific community does not agree on the size of this rate. Our risk assessment accounts for this uncertainty simulating a distribution of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> for a specific climate scenario. Using our impact assessment results and assuming an increase of future hurricanes frequencies and intensities, we also estimate the expected benefits for critical infrastructure.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_16");'>16</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li class="active"><span>18</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_18 --> <div id="page_19" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="361"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990100911&hterms=ATLA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DATLA','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19990100911&hterms=ATLA&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3DATLA"><span>Large Topographic <span class="hlt">Rises</span> on Venus: Implications for Mantle Upwelling</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Stofan, Ellen R.; Smrekar, Suzanne E.; Bindschandler, Duane L.; Senske, David A.</p> <p>1995-01-01</p> <p>Topographic <span class="hlt">rises</span> on Venus have been identified that are interpreted to be the surface manifestation of mantle upwellings. These features are classified into groups based on their dominant morphology. Atla and Beta Regiones are classified as rift-dominated, Dione, western Eistla, Bell, and Imdr Regiones as volcano-dominated, and Themis, eastern Eistla, and central Eistla Regiones as corona-dominated. At several topographic <span class="hlt">rises</span>, geologic indicators were identified that may provide evidence of uplifted topography (e.g., volcanic flow features trending upslope). We assessed the minimum contribution of volcanic construction to the topography of each <span class="hlt">rise</span>, which in general represents less than 5% of the volume of the <span class="hlt">rise</span>, similar to the volumes of edifices at terrestrial hotspot swells. The total melt volume at each <span class="hlt">rise</span> is approximated to be 10(exp 4) - 10(exp 6) cu km. The variations in morphology, topography, and gravity signatures at topographic <span class="hlt">rises</span> are not interpreted to indicate variations in stage of evolution of a mantle upwelling. Instead, the morphologic variations between the three classes of topographic <span class="hlt">rises</span> are interpreted to indicate the varying influences of lithospheric structure, plume characteristics, and regional tectonic environment. Within each class, variations in topography, gravity, and amount of volcanism may be indicative of differing stages of evolution. The similarity between swell and volcanic volumes for terrestrial and Venusian hotspots implies comparable time-integrated plume strengths for individual upwellings on the two planets.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001485.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001485.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Calving front of the Perito Moreno Glacier (Argentina). Contrary to the majority of the glaciers from the southern Patagonian ice field, the Perito Moreno Glacier is currently stable. It is also one of the most visited glaciers in the world. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Etienne Berthier, Université de Toulouse NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001482.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001482.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>The Aletsch Glacier in Switzerland is the largest valley glacier in the Alps. Its volume loss since the middle of the 19th century is well-visible from the trimlines to the right of the image. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Frank Paul, University of Zurich NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798417','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23798417"><span>Manganese-oxidizing photosynthesis before the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of cyanobacteria.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Johnson, Jena E; Webb, Samuel M; Thomas, Katherine; Ono, Shuhei; Kirschvink, Joseph L; Fischer, Woodward W</p> <p>2013-07-09</p> <p>The emergence of oxygen-producing (oxygenic) photosynthesis fundamentally transformed our planet; however, the processes that led to the evolution of biological water splitting have remained largely unknown. To illuminate this history, we examined the behavior of the ancient Mn cycle using newly obtained scientific drill cores through an early Paleoproterozoic succession (2.415 Ga) preserved in South Africa. These strata contain substantial Mn enrichments (up to ∼17 wt %) well before those associated with the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of oxygen such as the ∼2.2 Ga Kalahari Mn deposit. Using microscale X-ray spectroscopic techniques coupled to optical and electron microscopy and carbon isotope ratios, we demonstrate that the Mn is hosted exclusively in carbonate mineral phases derived from reduction of Mn oxides during diagenesis of primary sediments. Additional <span class="hlt">observations</span> of independent proxies for O2--multiple S isotopes (measured by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry) and redox-sensitive detrital grains--reveal that the original Mn-oxide phases were not produced by reactions with O2, which points to a different high-potential oxidant. These results show that the oxidative branch of the Mn cycle predates the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of oxygen, and provide strong support for the hypothesis that the water-oxidizing complex of photosystem II evolved from a former transitional photosystem capable of single-electron oxidation reactions of Mn.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28129890','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28129890"><span>Children are sensitive to norms of <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>McAuliffe, Katherine; Raihani, Nichola J; Dunham, Yarrow</p> <p>2017-10-01</p> <p>People across societies engage in costly sharing, but the extent of such sharing shows striking cultural variation, highlighting the importance of local norms in shaping generosity. Despite this acknowledged role for norms, it is unclear when they begin to exert their influence in development. Here we use a Dictator Game to investigate the extent to which 4- to 9-year-old children are sensitive to selfish (<span class="hlt">give</span> 20%) and generous (<span class="hlt">give</span> 80%) norms. Additionally, we varied whether children were told how much other children <span class="hlt">give</span> (descriptive norm) or what they should <span class="hlt">give</span> according to an adult (injunctive norm). Results showed that children generally gave more when they were exposed to a generous norm. However, patterns of compliance varied with age. Younger children were more likely to comply with the selfish norm, suggesting a licensing effect. By contrast, older children were more influenced by the generous norm, yet capped their donations at 50%, perhaps adhering to a pre-existing norm of equality. Children were not differentially influenced by descriptive or injunctive norms, suggesting a primacy of norm content over norm format. Together, our findings indicate that while generosity is malleable in children, normative information does not completely override pre-existing biases. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC21E1145T','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUFMGC21E1145T"><span>Global Coastal Exposure due to Sea-level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> beyond Tipping Points with Multiple Warming Pathways</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Tawatari, R.; Iseri, Y.; Kiguchi, M.; Kanae, S.</p> <p>2016-12-01</p> <p>Sea-level is <span class="hlt">observed</span> and estimated to continue <span class="hlt">rising</span>. In the future, the <span class="hlt">rise</span> could be abrupt and irreversible in century to millennial timescale even if we conduct strong reduction of greenhouse gas emission. Greenland ice sheet and West Antarctic ice sheet are considered as attributable climate systems which would significantly enhance presently-projected sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> by several meters if global mean temperature passes certain "Tipping points" which would exist around +1-5 degree Celsius above present temperature (1980-1999 average). Therefore, vulnerable coastal low-lying area, especially small islands, deltas or poor developing countries, would suffer from semi-permanent inundation and forced to counteract due to the enhanced sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. This study estimate range of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> until the year 2300 and 3000 considering excess of tipping points with using multiple levels of temperature scenarios which consist of excess tipping points and non-excess tipping points pathways. We extract state-of-the-art knowledge of tipping elements from paper reviewing to express reasonable relationship between temperature and abruptly-changing sea-level transition across the ages. This study also calculate coastal exposure globally as affected population, area and asset below the estimated sea-level for each countries with overlaying 30 arc-second gridded topography, population distribution and the sea-level. The result indicates which country would be critically affected if we follow overshooting pathways. Furthermore, this study visualize uncertain coastal exposure due to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the future from the multiple warming pathways. This estimation of possible future beyond tipping point would be useful information for decision-makers to establish new planning of defense, migration or mitigation for the future societies.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036589','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70036589"><span>Claritas <span class="hlt">rise</span>, Mars: Pre-Tharsis magmatism?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dohm, J.M.; Anderson, R.C.; Williams, J.-P.; Ruiz, J.; McGuire, P.C.; Buczkowski, D.L.; Wang, R.; Scharenbroich, L.; Hare, T.M.; Connerney, J.E.P.; Baker, V.R.; Wheelock, S.J.; Ferris, J.C.; Miyamoto, H.</p> <p>2009-01-01</p> <p>Claritas <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a prominent ancient (Noachian) center of tectonism identified through investigation of comprehensive paleotectonic information of the western hemisphere of Mars. This center is interpreted to be the result of magmatic-driven activity, including uplift and associated tectonism, as well as possible hydrothermal activity. Coupled with its ancient stratigraphy, high density of impact craters, and complex structure, a possible magnetic signature may indicate that it formed during an ancient period of Mars' evolution, such as when the dynamo was in operation. As Tharsis lacks magnetic signatures, Claritas <span class="hlt">rise</span> may pre-date the development of Tharsis or mark incipient development, since some of the crustal materials underlying Tharsis and older parts of the magmatic complex, respectively, could have been highly resurfaced, destroying any remanent magnetism. Here, we detail the significant characteristics of the Claritas <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and present a case for why it should be targeted by the Mars Odyssey, Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, and Mars Express spacecrafts, as well as be considered as a prime target for future tier-scalable robotic reconnaissance. ?? 2009 Elsevier B.V.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.5329L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015EGUGA..17.5329L"><span>Distribution of flexural deflection in the worldwide outer <span class="hlt">rise</span> area</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Lin, Zi-Jun; Lin, Jing-Yi; Lin, Yi-Chin; Chin, Shao-Jinn; Chen, Yen-Fu</p> <p>2015-04-01</p> <p>The outer <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the fringe of a subduction system is caused by an accreted load on the flexed oceanic lithosphere. The magnitude of the deflection is usually linked to the stress state beard by the oceanic plate. In a coupled subduction zone, the stress is abundantly accumulated across the plate boundary which should affect the flexural properties of the subducted plate. Thus, the variation of the outer <span class="hlt">rise</span> in shape may reflect the seismogenic characteristics of the subduction system. In this study, we intent to find the correlation between the flexure deflection (Wb) of the outer <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the subduction zone properties by comparing several slab parameters and the Wb distribution. The estimation of Wb is performed based on the available bathymetry data and the statistic analysis of earthquakes is from the global ISC earthquake catalog for the period of 1900-2015. Our result shows a progressive change of Wb in space, suggesting a robust calculation. The average Wb of worldwise subduction system spreads from 348 to 682 m. No visible distinction in the ranging of Wb was <span class="hlt">observed</span> for different subduction zones. However, in a weak coupling subduction system, the standard variation of Wb has generally larger value. Relatively large Wb generally occurs in the center of the trench system, whereas small Wb for the two ends of trench. The comparison of Wb and several slab parameters shows that the Wb may be correlated with the maximal magnitude and the number of earthquakes. Otherwise, no clear relationship with other parameters can be obtained.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150019762&hterms=climate+change+rise+temperature&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bchange%2Brise%2Btemperature','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20150019762&hterms=climate+change+rise+temperature&qs=N%3D0%26Ntk%3DAll%26Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntt%3Dclimate%2Bchange%2Brise%2Btemperature"><span>Projections of Rapidly <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Temperatures over Africa Under Low Mitigation</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Engelbrecht, Francois; Adegoke, Jimmy; Bopape, Mary-Jane; Naidoo, Mogesh; Garland, Rebecca; Thatcher, Marcus; McGregor, John; Katzfe, Jack; Werner, Micha; Ichoku, Charles; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20150019762'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20150019762_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20150019762_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20150019762_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20150019762_hide"></p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>An analysis of <span class="hlt">observed</span> trends in African annual-average near-surface temperatures over the last five decades reveals drastic increases, particularly over parts of the subtropics and central tropical Africa. Over these regions, temperatures have been <span class="hlt">rising</span> at more than twice the global rate of temperature increase. An ensemble of high-resolution downscalings, obtained using a single regional climate model forced with the sea-surface temperatures and sea-ice fields of an ensemble of global circulation model (GCM) simulations, is shown to realistically represent the relatively strong temperature increases <span class="hlt">observed</span> in subtropical southern and northern Africa. The amplitudes of warming are generally underestimated, however. Further warming is projected to occur during the 21st century, with plausible increases of 4-6 C over the subtropics and 3-5 C over the tropics by the end of the century relative to present-day climate under the A2 (a low mitigation) scenario of the Special Report on Emission Scenarios. High impact climate events such as heat-wave days and high fire-danger days are consistently projected to increase drastically in their frequency of occurrence. General decreases in soil-moisture availability are projected, even for regions where increases in rainfall are plausible, due to enhanced levels of evaporation. The regional downscalings presented here, and recent GCM projections obtained for Africa, indicate that African annual-averaged temperatures may plausibly <span class="hlt">rise</span> at about 1.5 times the global rate of temperature increase in the subtropics, and at a somewhat lower rate in the tropics. These projected increases although drastic, may be conservative given the model underestimations of <span class="hlt">observed</span> temperature trends. The relatively strong rate of warming over Africa, in combination with the associated increases in extreme temperature events, may be key factors to consider when interpreting the suitability of global mitigation targets in terms of African</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28133880','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28133880"><span>Intra- and inter-<span class="hlt">observer</span> agreement in histological assessment of canine soft tissue sarcoma.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Yap, F W; Rasotto, R; Priestnall, S L; Parsons, K J; Stewart, J</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>The diagnosis of canine soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is based on histological assessment. Assessment of criteria such as, degree of differentiation, necrosis score and mitotic score, <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a final tumour grade, which is important in the recommendation of treatment and prognosis of patients. Previously diagnosed cases of STS were independently assessed by three board-certified veterinary pathologists. Participating pathologists were blinded to the original results. For the intra-<span class="hlt">observer</span> study, the cases were assessed by a single pathologist six months apart and slides were randomized between readings. For the inter-<span class="hlt">observer</span> study, the whole case series was assessed by a single pathologist before being passed onto the next pathologist. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Fleiss's Kappa (ƙ) for the intra- (single <span class="hlt">observer</span>) and inter-<span class="hlt">observer</span> agreement. Strong agreement was <span class="hlt">observed</span> for the intra-<span class="hlt">observer</span> assessment in necrosis score, mitotic score, total score and tumour grading (ICC between 0.78 to 0.91). The intra-<span class="hlt">observer</span> agreement for differentiation score was rated perfect (ICC 1.00). The agreement between pathologists for the diagnosis and grading of canine STS was moderate (ƙ = 0.60 and 0.43 respectively). Histological assessment of canine STS had high reproducibility by an individual pathologist. The agreement of diagnosis and grading of canine STS was moderate between pathologists. Future studies are required to investigate further assessment criteria to improve the specificity of STS diagnosis and the accuracy of the STS grading in dogs. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=public+AND+accountant&pg=7&id=EJ491278','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=public+AND+accountant&pg=7&id=EJ491278"><span>The New Planned <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Officer.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Jordan, Ronald R.; Quynn, Katelyn L.</p> <p>1994-01-01</p> <p>A planned <span class="hlt">giving</span> officer is seen as an asset to college/university development for technical expertise, credibility, and connections. Attorneys, certified public accountants, bank trust officers, financial planners, investment advisers, life insurance agents, and real estate brokers may be qualified but probably also need training. (MSE)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=tax+AND+planning&pg=5&id=EJ356855','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=tax+AND+planning&pg=5&id=EJ356855"><span>The New Planned <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Landscape.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Moerschbaecher, Lynda</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>The best way to support charitable causes after tax reform is planned <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Seven changes in the new tax laws that may affect donors are identified: charitable deduction, fewer deductions, fewer itemizers, increased capital gains tax, alternative minimum tax, generation-skipping tax, and retirement plan restrictions. (MLW)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED355883.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED355883.pdf"><span>Predicting Alumni/ae Gift <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Behavior: A Structural Equation Model Approach.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mosser, John Wayne</p> <p></p> <p>This dissertation focuses on predicting alumni gift <span class="hlt">giving</span> behavior at a large public research university (University of Michigan). A conceptual model was developed for predicting alumni <span class="hlt">giving</span> behavior in order to advance the theoretical understanding of how capacity to <span class="hlt">give</span>, motivation to <span class="hlt">give</span>, and their interaction effect gift <span class="hlt">giving</span> behavior.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800042837&hterms=oso&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Doso','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19800042837&hterms=oso&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Doso"><span>Line formation in the solar chromosphere. II - An optically thick region of the chromosphere-corona transition region <span class="hlt">observed</span> with OSO 8</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Lites, B. W.; Hansen, E. R.; Shine, R. A.</p> <p>1980-01-01</p> <p>The University of Colorado ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the Orbiting Solar Observatory 8(OSO 8) has measured self-reversed profiles of the resonance line of C IV lamda 1548.2 at the limb passage of an active region. The degree of the self-reversal together with the absolute intensity of the line profile determine the electron density in the active region at 10 to the 10th/cu cm at temperatures where the C IV line is formed. The nonthermal component of the broadening velocity is no more than 14km/s, and the physical thickness of an equivalent plane-parallel slab in hydrostatic equilibrium that would <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> line profiles is about 430 km.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5490687','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5490687"><span>Neurocultural evidence that ideal affect match promotes <span class="hlt">giving</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Park, BoKyung; Blevins, Elizabeth; Knutson, Brian</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Abstract Why do people <span class="hlt">give</span> to strangers? We propose that people trust and <span class="hlt">give</span> more to those whose emotional expressions match how they ideally want to feel (“ideal affect match”). European Americans and Koreans played multiple trials of the Dictator Game with recipients who varied in emotional expression (excited, calm), race (White, Asian) and sex (male, female). Consistent with their culture’s valued affect, European Americans trusted and gave more to excited than calm recipients, whereas Koreans trusted and gave more to calm than excited recipients. These findings held regardless of recipient race and sex. We then used fMRI to probe potential affective and mentalizing mechanisms. Increased activity in the nucleus accumbens (associated with reward anticipation) predicted <span class="hlt">giving</span>, as did decreased activity in the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ; associated with reduced belief prediction error). Ideal affect match decreased rTPJ activity, suggesting that people may trust and <span class="hlt">give</span> more to strangers whom they perceive to share their affective values. PMID:28379542</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21420448','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21420448"><span>Electrodes as social glue: measuring heart rate promotes <span class="hlt">giving</span> in the trust game.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Van Lange, Paul A M; Finkenauer, Catrin; Popma, Arne; van Vugt, Mark</p> <p>2011-06-01</p> <p>While physiological measures are increasingly used to help us understand the workings of interpersonal trust (and related behaviors), we know very little about the effects of such measures on trust. We examined the effects of a classic measure, the measurement of heart rate using a standard protocol, on behavioral trust in dyads of women who did not know each other. Behavioral trust was assessed in the trust game, in which the trustor decides how much money from their subject payment to <span class="hlt">give</span> to a trustee, while knowing that the experimenter triples that amount before <span class="hlt">giving</span> it to the trustee, after which the trustee decides how much money to return to the trustor. As predicted, we found greater levels of behavioral trust in the trust game, as well as greater returns by the trustees (which were accounted for by trustor's <span class="hlt">giving</span>), in the heart rate (HR) than in no heart rate (NHR) measurement condition. Parallel findings were <span class="hlt">observed</span> for self-reported trust. Findings are discussed in terms of the idea that the elusive effects of a protocol for measuring heart rate can cause pronounced effects on subsequent social interactions via enhanced interpersonal trust. 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386513','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22386513"><span>Organic matter content and particle size modifications in mangrove sediments as responses to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sanders, Christian J; Smoak, Joseph M; Waters, Mathew N; Sanders, Luciana M; Brandini, Nilva; Patchineelam, Sambasiva R</p> <p>2012-06-01</p> <p>Mangroves sediments contain large reservoirs of organic material (OM) as mangrove ecosystems produce large quantities and rapidly burial OM. Sediment accumulation rates of approximately 2.0 mm year(-1), based on (210)Pb(ex) dating, were estimated at the margin of two well-developed mangrove forest in southern Brazil. Regional data point to a relative sea level (RSL) <span class="hlt">rise</span> of up to ∼4.0 mm year(-1). This RSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> in turn, may directly influence the origin and quantity of organic matter (OM) deposited along mangrove sediments. Lithostratigraphic changes show that sand deposition is replacing the mud (<63 μm) fraction and OM content is decreasing in successively younger sediments. Sediment accumulation in coastal areas that are not keeping pace with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is potentially conducive to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> shifts in particle size and OM content. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol3-sec639-4.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol3/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol3-sec639-4.pdf"><span>20 CFR 639.4 - Who must <span class="hlt">give</span> notice?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who must <span class="hlt">give</span> notice? 639.4 Section 639.4 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR WORKER ADJUSTMENT AND... or mass layoff is required to <span class="hlt">give</span> notice to affected employees or their representative(s), the State...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5138693-bangladesh-prepare-rise-gas-demand','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/5138693-bangladesh-prepare-rise-gas-demand"><span>Bangladesh to prepare for <span class="hlt">rise</span> in gas demand</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Not Available</p> <p>1992-06-01</p> <p>Bangladesh is moving to expand its natural gas infrastructure in response to <span class="hlt">rising</span> domestic demand. This paper reports that Bangladesh natural gas demand is expected to <span class="hlt">rise</span> to 700-850 MMcfd in the next few years from the current level of about 500 MMcfd, the Prime Minister Khaleda Zia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.A21B3021A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFM.A21B3021A"><span>Long-period humidity variability in the Arctic atmosphere from upper-air <span class="hlt">observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Agurenko, A.; Khokhlova, A.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Under climate change, atmospheric water content also tends to change. This <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to changes in the amount of moisture transferred, clouds and precipitation, as well as in hydrological regime. This work analyzes seasonal climatic characteristics of precipitated water in the Arctic atmosphere, by using 1972-2011 data from 55 upper-air stations located north of 60°N. Regions of maximum and minimum mean values and variability trends are determined. In the summer, water amount is shown to increase in nearly the whole of the latitudinal zone. The comparison with the similar characteristics of reanalysis obtained by the other authors shows a good agreement. Time variation in the atmosphere moisture transport crossing 70°N, which is calculated from <span class="hlt">observation</span> data, is presented and compared with model results. The work is supported by the joint EC ERA.Net RUS and Russian Fundamental Research Fund Project "Arctic Climate Processes Linked Through the Circulation of the Atmosphere" (ACPCA) (project 12-05-91656-ЭРА_а).</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_17");'>17</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li class="active"><span>19</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_19 --> <div id="page_20" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="381"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918153B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918153B"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> climate variability and synchrony in North Pacific ecosystems</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Black, Bryan</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Rising</span> climate variability and synchrony in North Pacific ecosystems Evidence is growing that climate variability of the northeast Pacific Ocean has increased over the last century, culminating in such events as the record-breaking El Niño years 1983, 1998, and 2016 and the unusually persistent 2014/15 North Pacific Ocean heat wave known as "The Blob." Of particular concern is that <span class="hlt">rising</span> variability could increase synchrony within and among North Pacific ecosystems, which could reduce the diversity of biological responses to climate (i.e. the "portfolio effect"), diminish resilience, and leave populations more prone to extirpation. To test this phenomenon, we use a network of multidecadal fish otolith growth-increment chronologies that were strongly correlated to records of winter (Jan-Mar) sea level. These biological and physical datasets spanned the California Current through the Gulf of Alaska. Synchrony was quantified as directional changes in running (31-year window) mean pairwise correlation within sea level and then within otolith time series. Synchrony in winter sea level at the nine stations with the longest records has increased by more than 40% over the 1950-2015 interval. Likewise, synchrony among the eight longest otolith chronologies has increased more than 100% over a comparable time period. These directional changes in synchrony are highly unlikely due to chance alone, as confirmed by comparing trends in <span class="hlt">observed</span> data to those in simulated data (n = 10,000 iterations) with time series of identical number, length, and autocorrelation. Ultimately, this trend in <span class="hlt">rising</span> synchrony may be linked to increased impacts of the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) on mid-latitude ecosystems of North America, and may therefore reflect a much broader, global-scale signature.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011927','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70011927"><span>First manned submersible dives on the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> at 21°N (project RITA): general results</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Francheteau, Jean; Needham, H.D.; Choukroune, P.; Juteau, Tierre; Seguret, M.; Ballard, Richard D.; Fox, P.J.; Normark, W.R.; Carranza, A.; Cordoba, D.; Guerrero, J.; Rangin, C.</p> <p>1981-01-01</p> <p>A submersible study has been conducted in February–March 1978 at the axis of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> near 21°N. The expedition CYAMEX, the first submersible program to be conducted on the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, is part of the French-American-Mexican project RITA (Rivera-Tamayo), a 3-year study devoted to detailed geological and geophysical investigations of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Crest. On the basis of the 15 dives made by CYANA in the axial area of the <span class="hlt">Rise</span>, a morphological and tectonic zonation can be established for this moderately-fast spreading center. A narrow, 0.6 to 1.2 km wide zone of extrusion (zone 1), dominated by young lava flows, is flanked by a highly fissured and faulted zone of extension (zone 2) with a width of 1 to 2 km. Further out, zone 3 is dominated by outward tilted blocks bounded by inward-facing fault scarps. Active or recent faults extend up to 12 km from the axis of extrusion of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. This represents the first determination from direct field evidence of the width of active tectonism associated with an accreting plate boundary. Massive sulfide deposits, made principally of zinc, copper and iron, were found close to the axis of the <span class="hlt">Rise</span>. Other signs of the intense hydrothermal activity included the discovery of benthic fauna of gian size similar to that found at the axis of the Galapagos Rift. We emphasize the cyclic character of the volcanicity. The main characteristics of the geology of this segment of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> can be explained by the thermal structure at depth below this moderately-fast spreading center. The geological <span class="hlt">observations</span> are compatible with the existence of a shallow magma reservoir centered at the axis of the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> with a half-width of the order of 10 km.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001486.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-GSFC_20171208_Archive_e001486.html"><span>Glaciers and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2017-12-08</p> <p>Calving front of the Upsala Glacier (Argentina). This glacier has been thinning and retreating at a rapid rate during the last decades – from 2006 to 2010, it receded 43.7 yards (40 meters) per year. During summer 2012, large calving events prevented boat access to the glacier. To learn about the contributions of glaciers to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, visit: www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/glacier-sea-<span class="hlt">rise</span>.html Credit: Etienne Berthier, Université de Toulouse NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003073&hterms=fisica&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dfisica','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20170003073&hterms=fisica&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D40%26Ntt%3Dfisica"><span>NuSTAR <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Water Megamaser AGN</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Masini, A.; Comastri, A.; Balokvic, M.; Zaw, I.; Puccetti, S.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Bauer, F. E.; Boggs, S. E.; Brandt, W. N.; Zhang, William W.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Aims. We study the connection between the masing disk and obscuring torus in Seyfert 2 galaxies. Methods. We present a uniform X-ray spectral analysis of the high energy properties of 14 nearby megamaser active galactic nuclei <span class="hlt">observed</span> by NuSTAR. We use a simple analytical model to localize the maser disk and understand its connection with the torus by combining NuSTAR spectral parameters with the available physical quantities from VLBI mapping.Results. Most of the sources that we analyzed are heavily obscured, showing a column density in excess of approx.10(exp 23) cm(exp -2); in particular, 79% are Compton-thick [NH is greater than 1.5 x 10(exp 24) cm(exp -2)]. When using column densities measured by NuSTAR with the assumption that the torus is the extension of the maser disk, and further assuming a reasonable density profile, we can predict the torus dimensions. They are found to be consistent with mid-IR interferometry parsec-scale <span class="hlt">observations</span> of Circinus and NGC 1068. In this picture, the maser disk is intimately connected to the inner part of the torus. It is probably made of a large number of molecular clouds that connect the torus and the outer part of the accretion disk, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a thin disk rotating in most cases in Keplerian or sub-Keplerian motion. This toy model explains the established close connection between water megamaser emission and nuclear obscuration as a geometric effect.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22To+give%22+AND+Web&pg=4&id=ED534498','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=%22To+give%22+AND+Web&pg=4&id=ED534498"><span>Influencing Factors of Alumni <span class="hlt">Giving</span> in Religious Institutions of Higher Education</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Boal, John R.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>The reasons that cause alumni to <span class="hlt">give</span> to their alma mater have become more significant since 2008. In the recent issue of "<span class="hlt">Giving</span> USA," the current recession, which began in December 2007 and continued through December 2009, has led to declines of 11.9% in <span class="hlt">giving</span> to higher education (2010). Alumni <span class="hlt">giving</span> and the reasons why they <span class="hlt">give</span> has…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol27/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol27-part266-appVI.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title40-vol27/pdf/CFR-2011-title40-vol27-part266-appVI.pdf"><span>40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 266 - Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 27 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> VI Appendix VI to Part 266 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED... FACILITIES Pt. 266, App. VI Appendix VI to Part 266—Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> [Estimated Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (in Meters) Based...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol26/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol26-part266-appVI.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title40-vol26/pdf/CFR-2010-title40-vol26-part266-appVI.pdf"><span>40 CFR Appendix Vi to Part 266 - Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-07-01</p> <p>... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> VI Appendix VI to Part 266 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED... FACILITIES Pt. 266, App. VI Appendix VI to Part 266—Stack Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> [Estimated Plume <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (in Meters) Based...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...769...67P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013ApJ...769...67P"><span>What can we Learn from the <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Light Curves of Radioactively Powered Supernovae?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Piro, Anthony L.; Nakar, Ehud</p> <p>2013-05-01</p> <p>The light curve of the explosion of a star with a radius <~ 10-100 R ⊙ is powered mostly by radioactive decay. <span class="hlt">Observationally</span>, such events are dominated by hydrogen-deficient progenitors and classified as Type I supernovae (SNe I), i.e., white dwarf thermonuclear explosions (Type Ia), and core collapses of hydrogen-stripped massive stars (Type Ib/c). Current transient surveys are finding SNe I in increasing numbers and at earlier times, allowing their early emission to be studied in unprecedented detail. Motivated by these developments, we summarize the physics that produces their <span class="hlt">rising</span> light curves and discuss ways in which <span class="hlt">observations</span> can be utilized to study these exploding stars. The early radioactive-powered light curves probe the shallowest deposits of 56Ni. If the amount of 56Ni mixing in the outermost layers of the star can be deduced, then it places important constraints on the progenitor and properties of the explosive burning. In practice, we find that it is difficult to determine the level of mixing because it is hard to disentangle whether the explosion occurred recently and one is seeing radioactive heating near the surface or whether the explosion began in the past and the radioactive heating is deeper in the ejecta. In the latter case, there is a "dark phase" between the moment of explosion and the first <span class="hlt">observed</span> light emitted once the shallowest layers of 56Ni are exposed. Because of this, simply extrapolating a light curve from radioactive heating back in time is not a reliable method for estimating the explosion time. The best solution is to directly identify the moment of explosion, either through <span class="hlt">observing</span> shock breakout (in X-ray/UV) or the cooling of the shock-heated surface (in UV/optical), so that the depth being probed by the <span class="hlt">rising</span> light curve is known. However, since this is typically not available, we identify and discuss a number of other diagnostics that are helpful for deciphering how recently an explosion occurred. As an</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2010-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf"><span>14 CFR 221.140 - Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>... Aviation shall be used by a carrier to <span class="hlt">give</span> authority to another carrier to issue and file with the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence. 221.140 Section 221.140 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf','CFR2011'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2011-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2011-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf"><span>14 CFR 221.140 - Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2011&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>... Aviation shall be used by a carrier to <span class="hlt">give</span> authority to another carrier to issue and file with the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence. 221.140 Section 221.140 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf','CFR2013'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2013-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2013-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf"><span>14 CFR 221.140 - Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2013&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>... Aviation shall be used by a carrier to <span class="hlt">give</span> authority to another carrier to issue and file with the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence. 221.140 Section 221.140 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf','CFR2012'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2012-title14-vol4/pdf/CFR-2012-title14-vol4-sec221-140.pdf"><span>14 CFR 221.140 - Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2012&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>... Aviation shall be used by a carrier to <span class="hlt">give</span> authority to another carrier to issue and file with the... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Method of <span class="hlt">giving</span> concurrence. 221.140 Section 221.140 Aeronautics and Space OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (AVIATION...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EOSTr..91..205A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010EOSTr..91..205A"><span>Coastal Impact Underestimated From Rapid Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, John; Milliken, Kristy; Wallace, Davin; Rodriguez, Antonio; Simms, Alexander</p> <p>2010-06-01</p> <p>A primary effect of global warming is accelerated sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, which will eventually drown low-lying coastal areas, including some of the world's most populated cities. Predictions from the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggest that sea level may <span class="hlt">rise</span> by as much as 0.6 meter by 2100 [Solomon et al., 2007]. However, uncertainty remains about how projected melting of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets will contribute to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Further, considerable variability is introduced to these calculations due to coastal subsidence, especially along the northern Gulf of Mexico (see http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/sltrends/sltrends.shtml).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Ronald+AND+Reagan&id=EJ672192','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Ronald+AND+Reagan&id=EJ672192"><span>The <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Conservatism since World War II.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Carter, Dan T.</p> <p>2003-01-01</p> <p>Discusses the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of the conservatism movement in the United States since World War II. States that laissez-faire capitalism and the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of communism contributed to the popularity of conservatism in the United States. Focuses on the role of U.S. Presidents, such as Richard Nixon and Ronald Reagan. (CMK)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..217a2008C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..217a2008C"><span>Determination of Temperature <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Temperature Differentials of CEMII/B-V Cement for 20MPa Mass Concrete using Adiabatic Temperature <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Data</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Chee Siang, GO</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Experimental test was carried out to determine the temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> characteristics of Portland-Fly-Ash Cement (CEM II/B-V, 42.5N) of Blaine fineness 418.6m2/kg and 444.6m2/kg respectively for 20MPa mass concrete under adiabatic condition. The estimation on adiabatic temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> by way of CIRIA C660 method (Construction Industry Research & Information Information) was adopted to verify and validate the hot-box test results by simulating the heat generation curve of the concrete under semi-adiabatic condition. Test result found that Portland fly-ash cement has exhibited decrease in the peak value of temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> and maximum temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> rate. The result showed that the temperature development and distribution profile, which is directly contributed from the heat of hydration of cement with time, is affected by the insulation, initial placing temperature, geometry and size of concrete mass. The mock up data showing the measured temperature differential is significantly lower than the technical specifications 20°C temperature differential requirement and the 27.7°C limiting temperature differential for granite aggregate concrete as stipulated in BS8110-2: 1985. The concrete strength test result revealed that the 28 days cubes compressive strength was above the stipulated 20MPa characteristic strength at 90 days. The test demonstrated that with proper concrete mix design, the use of Portland flyash cement, combination of chilled water and flake ice, and good insulation is effective in reducing peak temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span>, temperature differential, and lower adiabatic temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> for mass concrete pours. As far as the determined adiabatic temperature <span class="hlt">rise</span> result was concern, the established result could be inferred for in-situ thermal properties of 20MPa mass concrete application, as the result could be repeatable on account of similar type of constituent materials and concrete mix design adopted for permanent works at project site.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003790','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70003790"><span>Field Reconnaissance Geologic Mapping of the Columbia Hills, Mars: Results from MER Spirit and MRO Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">Observations</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Crumpler, L.S.; Arvidson, R. E.; Squyres, S. W.; McCoy, T.; Yingst, A.; Ruff, S.; Farrand, W.; McSween, Y.; Powell, M.; Ming, D. W.; Morris, R.V.; Bell, J.F.; Grant, J.; Greeley, R.; DesMarais, D.; Schmidt, M.; Cabrol, N.A.; Haldemann, A.; Lewis, Kevin W.; Wang, A.E.; Schroder, C.; Blaney, D.; Cohen, B.; Yen, A.; Farmer, J.; Gellert, Ralf; Guinness, E.A.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Johnson, J. R.; Klingelhofer, G.; McEwen, A.; Rice, J. W.; Rice, M.; deSouza, P.; Hurowitz, J.</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Chemical, mineralogic, and lithologic ground truth was acquired for the first time on Mars in terrain units mapped using orbital Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (MRO Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) image data. Examination of several dozen outcrops shows that Mars is geologically complex at meter length scales, the record of its geologic history is well exposed, stratigraphic units may be identified and correlated across significant areas on the ground, and outcrops and geologic relationships between materials may be analyzed with techniques commonly employed in terrestrial field geology. Despite their burial during the course of Martian geologic time by widespread epiclastic materials, mobile fines, and fall deposits, the selective exhumation of deep and well-preserved geologic units has exposed undisturbed outcrops, stratigraphic sections, and structural information much as they are preserved and exposed on Earth. A rich geologic record awaits skilled future field investigators on Mars. The correlation of ground <span class="hlt">observations</span> and orbital images enables construction of a corresponding geologic reconnaissance map. Most of the outcrops visited are interpreted to be pyroclastic, impactite, and epiclastic deposits overlying an unexposed substrate, probably related to a modified Gusev crater central peak. Fluids have altered chemistry and mineralogy of these protoliths in degrees that vary substantially within the same map unit. Examination of the rocks exposed above and below the major unconformity between the plains lavas and the Columbia Hills directly confirms the general conclusion from remote sensing in previous studies over past years that the early history of Mars was a time of more intense deposition and modification of the surface. Although the availability of fluids and the chemical and mineral activity declined from this early period, significant later volcanism and fluid convection enabled additional, if localized, chemical activity.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870012395','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19870012395"><span>Thermal waves or beam heating in the 1980, November 5 flare</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Smith, Dean F.</p> <p>1986-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Observations</span> of the temporal evolution of loop BC in soft X rays in the November 5, 1980 flare are reviewed. Calculations are performed to model this evolution. The most consistent interpretation involving a minimum account of energy is the following. Thermal heating near B <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a conduction front which moves out along the loop uninhibited for about 27 s. Beam heating near C <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a second conduction front which moves in the opposite direction and prevents any energy reaching C by thermal conduction from B. Thus both thermal waves and beam heating are required to explain the <span class="hlt">observed</span> evolution.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P41A1914P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFM.P41A1914P"><span>Using high-resolution Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> digital elevation models to study early activity in polar regions</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Portyankina, G.; Pommerol, A.; Aye, K.; Thomas, N.; Mattson, S.; Hansen, C. J.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Martian polar areas are known for their very dynamic seasonal activity. It is believed that many <span class="hlt">observed</span> seasonal phenomena here (cold CO2 jets, seasonal ice cracks, fan deposits, blotches) are produced by spring sublimation of CO2 slab ice. The Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter (MRO) High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) has exceptional capabilities to image polar areas at times when surface processes there are most active, i.e. in early local spring. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> data can be also used to create digital elevation models (DEMs) of the martian surface if two images with similar lighting but different <span class="hlt">observation</span> geometry are available. Polar areas pose some specific problems in this because of the oblique illumination conditions and seasonally changing ice cover. Nevertheless, Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> DEMs with spatial resolution up to 1 meter were produced for a few polar locations with active spring sublimation. These DEMs improve our ability to directly compare <span class="hlt">observations</span> from different local times, sols, seasons and martian years. These <span class="hlt">observations</span> may now be orthorectified by projecting them onto the well-defined topography thus eliminating the ambiguities of different <span class="hlt">observational</span> geometries. In addition, the DEM can serve as a link between the <span class="hlt">observations</span> and models of seasonal activity. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of martian polar areas in springs of multiple martian years have led to the hypothesis that meter-scale topography is triggering the activity in early spring. Solar energy input is critical for the timing of spring activity. In this context, variations of surface inclination are important especially in early spring, when orientation towards the sun is one of critical parameters determining the level of solar energy input, the amount of CO2 sublimation, and hence the level of any activity connected to it. In the present study existing DEMs of two polar locations serve as model terrains to test the previously proposed hypothesis of early initialization of CO2 activity by</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29793169','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29793169"><span>Spontaneous <span class="hlt">rise</span> in open rectangular channels under gravity.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Thammanna Gurumurthy, Vignesh; Roisman, Ilia V; Tropea, Cameron; Garoff, Stephen</p> <p>2018-05-17</p> <p>Fluid movement in microfluidic devices, porous media, and textured surfaces involves coupled flows over the faces and corners of the media. Spontaneous wetting of simple grooved surfaces provides a model system to probe these flows. This numerical study investigates the spontaneous <span class="hlt">rise</span> of a liquid in an array of open rectangular channels under gravity, using the Volume-of-Fluid method with adaptive mesh refinement. The <span class="hlt">rise</span> is characterized by the meniscus height at the channel center, outer face and the interior and exterior corners. At lower contact angles and higher channel aspect ratios, the statics and dynamics of the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the channel center show little deviation with the classical model for capillarity, which ignores the existence of corners. For contact angles smaller than 45°, rivulets are formed in the interior corners and a cusp at the exterior corner. The rivulets at long times obey the one-third power law in time, with a weak dependence on the geometry. The cusp behaviour at the exterior corner transforms into a smooth meniscus when the capillary force is higher in the channel, even for contact angles smaller than 45°. The width of the outer face does not influence the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> inside the channel, and the channel size does not influence the <span class="hlt">rise</span> on the outer face. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=social+AND+surplus&pg=4&id=EJ413471','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=social+AND+surplus&pg=4&id=EJ413471"><span>Gaining Leverage with Donors: The <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Club Policy.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Wilmoth, Dirk</p> <p>1990-01-01</p> <p>A review of sociological and economic literatures on gift making emphasizes aspects of <span class="hlt">giving</span> club policy that can be manipulated to enhance donor response. A college might foster conditions for gift making as a social custom. However, economic theory suggests a donor surplus enables institutions to appeal for more <span class="hlt">giving</span> than expected.…</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_18");'>18</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li class="active"><span>20</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_20 --> <div id="page_21" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="401"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO43A..01Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSPO43A..01Y"><span>Extreme Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Event Linked to 2009-10 AMOC Downturn</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yin, J.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>The coastal sea levels along the Northeast Coast of North America show significant year-to-year fluctuations in a general upward trend. Our analysis of long-term tide gauge records along the North American east coast identified an extreme sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (SLR) event during 2009-2010. Within this relatively brief two-year period, coastal sea levels north of New York City jumped by 100 mm. This magnitude of inter-annual SLR is unprecedented in the century-long tide gauge records, with statistical methods suggesting that it was a 1-in-850 year event. We show that this extreme SLR event was a combined effect of two physical factors. First, it was partly due to an <span class="hlt">observed</span> 30% downturn of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) during 2009-2010. This AMOC slowdown caused a significant decline of the dynamic sea level gradient across the Gulf Stream and North Atlantic Current, thereby imparting a <span class="hlt">rise</span> in coastal sea level. The second contributing factor to the extreme SLR event was due to a significant negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index. The associated easterly or northeasterly wind anomalies acted to push ocean waters towards the Northeast Coast through the Ekman transport, resulting in further <span class="hlt">rise</span> in coastal sea levels. Sea level pressure anomalies also contributed to the extreme SLR event through the inverse barometer effect. To project future extreme sea levels along the east coast of North America during the 21st century, we make use of a suite of climate/Earth system models developed at GFDL and other modeling centers. These models included typical CMIP5-class models, as well as the newer climate models GFDL CM2.5 and CM2.6 with eddying oceans. In response to the increase in greenhouse-gas concentrations, each of these models show a reduction in the AMOC. Given the <span class="hlt">observed</span> connection between AMOC reduction and extreme coastal sea levels, the models thus project an increase in extreme SLR frequency on interannual time scales along the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17053668"><span>Movement characteristics of persons with prader-willi syndrome <span class="hlt">rising</span> from supine.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Belt, A B; Hertel, T A; Mante, J R; Marks, T; Rockett, V L; Wade, C; Clayton-Krasinski, D</p> <p>2001-01-01</p> <p>The purposes of this study were to: 1) determine if previously published descriptors of the supine to stand <span class="hlt">rising</span> task in healthy individuals could be applied to the movements of persons with Prader-Willi Syndrome (PWS); and 2) assess upper extremity (UE), axial region (AX), and lower extremity (LE) movements among subjects with PWS compared with controls. Nine subjects with PWS (seven-36 years of age) and matched controls were videotaped performing 10 <span class="hlt">rising</span> trials. The UE, AX, and LE movements were classified using published descriptors. Occurrence frequencies of movement patterns, duration of movement, and the relationships among body region movement score, BMI, and age were determined. Subjects with PWS utilized developmentally less advanced asymmetrical <span class="hlt">rising</span> patterns, took longer to <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and demonstrated less within subject variability than controls. Categorical descriptors, with minor modifications, can be used to describe <span class="hlt">rising</span> movements in persons with PWS. Knowledge of successful <span class="hlt">rising</span> patterns may assist PTs when examining or planning intervention strategies for teaching the <span class="hlt">rising</span> task.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301040M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301040M"><span>Specific features of modern multifunctional high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building construction</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Manukhina, Lyubov; Samosudova, Natal'ja</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The article analyzes the main reasons for the development of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building construction the most important of which-is a limitation of the urban areas and, consequently, the high price of land reserved for construction. New engineering and compositional solutions for the creation of new types of buildings are considered - complex technical designs of a large number of storeys completely meet the new requirements for safety and comfort. Some peculiarities of designing high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and searching for optimal architectural and planning solutions are revealed since, with external architectural simplicity, high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings have complex structural and technological and space-planning solutions. We consider the specific features of a high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> housing in various countries around the world, including Russia, such as the layout of the multi-storey residential buildings, depending on the climatic characteristics of the regions, assessment of the geological risk of the construction site, the choice of parameters and functional purpose of the sections of the territory of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction, location of the town-planning object for substantiating the overall dimensions of the building, assessment of changes aeration and engineering and hydrological conditions of the site. A special place in the article on the problems of improvement of the territory, the device of courtyards, landscaping, the device of playing and sports grounds. The main conclusion in the article is the following problem - when developing high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> housing construction, the development of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> housing, and an increase in the population density in the territory of large cities of Russia, necessary to create a comfortable and safe level of residents living and not a decrease, but an improvement in the quality of the urban environment.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28722421','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28722421"><span>Capillary <span class="hlt">Rise</span>: Validity of the Dynamic Contact Angle Models.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wu, Pingkeng; Nikolov, Alex D; Wasan, Darsh T</p> <p>2017-08-15</p> <p>The classical Lucas-Washburn-Rideal (LWR) equation, using the equilibrium contact angle, predicts a faster capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> process than experiments in many cases. The major contributor to the faster prediction is believed to be the velocity dependent dynamic contact angle. In this work, we investigated the dynamic contact angle models for their ability to correct the dynamic contact angle effect in the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> process. We conducted capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> experiments of various wetting liquids in borosilicate glass capillaries and compared the model predictions with our experimental data. The results show that the LWR equations modified by the molecular kinetic theory and hydrodynamic model provide good predictions on the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> of all the testing liquids with fitting parameters, while the one modified by Joos' empirical equation works for specific liquids, such as silicone oils. The LWR equation modified by molecular self-layering model predicts well the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> of carbon tetrachloride, octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, and n-alkanes with the molecular diameter or measured solvation force data. The molecular self-layering model modified LWR equation also has good predictions on the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> of silicone oils covering a wide range of bulk viscosities with the same key parameter W(0), which results from the molecular self-layering. The advantage of the molecular self-layering model over the other models reveals the importance of the layered molecularly thin wetting film ahead of the main meniscus in the energy dissipation associated with dynamic contact angle. The analysis of the capillary <span class="hlt">rise</span> of silicone oils with a wide range of bulk viscosities provides new insights into the capillary dynamics of polymer melts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Fisheries+AND+Fisheries&pg=7&id=EJ077062','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Fisheries+AND+Fisheries&pg=7&id=EJ077062"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> Food Prices: Who's Responsible?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Brown, Lester R.</p> <p>1973-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Rise</span> in food prices can be partially attributed to the high food consumption level throughout Europe and North America, coupled with failure to evolve systems for more production of cattle, soybeans, and fisheries at lower cost. (PS)</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918337N','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1918337N"><span>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> risks to coastal cities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Nicholls, Robert J.</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Understanding the consequence of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> for coastal cities has long lead times and huge political implications. Civilisation has emerged and developed during a period of several thousand years during which in geological terms sea level has been unusually stable. We have now moved out of this period and the challenge will be to develop a long-term proactive assessment approach to manage this challenge. In 2005 there were 136 coastal cities with a population exceeding one million people and a collective population of 400 million people. All these coastal cities are threatened by flooding from the sea to varying degrees and these risks are increasing due to growing exposure (people and assets), <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels due to climate change, and in some cities, significant coastal subsidence due to human agency (drainage and groundwater withdrawals from susceptible soils). In these cities we wish to avoid major flood events, with associated damage and potentially deaths and ultimately decline of the cities. Flood risks grow with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> as it raises extreme sea levels. As sea levels continue to <span class="hlt">rise</span>, protection will have to be progressively upgraded. Even with this, the magnitude of losses when flood events do occur would increase as coastal cities expand, and water depths and hence unit damage increase with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>/subsidence. This makes it critical to also prepare for larger coastal flood disasters than we experience today and raises questions on the limits to adaptation. There is not an extensive literature or significant empirical information on the limits to adaptation in coastal cities. These limits are not predictable in a formal sense - while the <span class="hlt">rise</span> in mean sea level raises the likelihood of a catastrophic flood, extreme events are what cause damage and trigger a response, be it abandonment, a defence upgrade or something else. There are several types of potential limits that could be categorised into three broad types: • Physical</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5261806','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=5261806"><span>Sequence Memory Constraints <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Language-Like Structure through Iterated Learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Cornish, Hannah; Dale, Rick; Kirby, Simon; Christiansen, Morten H.</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Human language is composed of sequences of reusable elements. The origins of the sequential structure of language is a hotly debated topic in evolutionary linguistics. In this paper, we show that sets of sequences with language-like statistical properties can emerge from a process of cultural evolution under pressure from chunk-based memory constraints. We employ a novel experimental task that is non-linguistic and non-communicative in nature, in which participants are trained on and later asked to recall a set of sequences one-by-one. Recalled sequences from one participant become training data for the next participant. In this way, we simulate cultural evolution in the laboratory. Our results show a cumulative increase in structure, and by comparing this structure to data from existing linguistic corpora, we demonstrate a close parallel between the sets of sequences that emerge in our experiment and those seen in natural language. PMID:28118370</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4991667','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4991667"><span>Embryonic hematopoiesis in vertebrate somites <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to definitive hematopoietic stem cells</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Qiu, Juhui; Fan, Xiaoying; Wang, Yixia; Jin, Hongbin; Song, Yixiao; Han, Yang; Huang, Shenghong; Meng, Yaping; Tang, Fuchou; Meng, Anming</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) replenish all types of blood cells. It is debating whether HSCs in adults solely originate from the aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, more specifically, the dorsal aorta, during embryogenesis. Here, we report that somite hematopoiesis, a previously unwitnessed hematopoiesis, can generate definitive HSCs (dHSCs) in zebrafish. By transgenic lineage tracing, we found that a subset of cells within the forming somites emigrate ventromedially and mix with lateral plate mesoderm-derived primitive hematopoietic cells before the blood circulation starts. These somite-derived hematopoietic precursors and stem cells (sHPSCs) subsequently enter the circulation and colonize the kidney of larvae and adults. RNA-seq analysis reveals that sHPSCs express hematopoietic genes with sustained expression of many muscle/skeletal genes. Embryonic sHPSCs transplanted into wild-type embryos expand during growth and survive for life time with differentiation into various hematopoietic lineages, indicating self-renewal and multipotency features. Therefore, the embryonic origin of dHSCs in adults is not restricted to the AGM. PMID:27252540</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25927668','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25927668"><span>Macromolecular crowding <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to microviscosity, anomalous diffusion and accelerated actin polymerization.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Rashid, Rafi; Chee, Stella Min Ling; Raghunath, Michael; Wohland, Thorsten</p> <p>2015-04-30</p> <p>Macromolecular crowding (MMC) has been used in various in vitro experimental systems to mimic in vivo physiology. This is because the crowded cytoplasm of cells contains many different types of solutes dissolved in an aqueous medium. MMC in the extracellular microenvironment is involved in maintaining stem cells in their undifferentiated state (niche) as well as in aiding their differentiation after they have travelled to new locations outside the niche. MMC at physiologically relevant fractional volume occupancies (FVOs) significantly enhances the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during chemically induced adipogenesis. The mechanism by which MMC produces this enhancement is not entirely known. In the context of extracellular collagen deposition, we have recently reported the importance of optimizing the FVO while minimizing the bulk viscosity. Two opposing properties will determine the net rate of a biochemical reaction: the negative effect of bulk viscosity and the positive effect of the excluded volume, the latter being expressed by the FVO. In this study we have looked more closely at the effect of viscosity on reaction rates. We have used fluorimetry to measure the rate of actin polymerization and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to measure diffusion of various probes in solutions containing the crowder Ficoll at physiological concentrations. Similar to its effect on collagen, Ficoll enhanced the actin polymerization rate despite increasing the bulk viscosity. Our FCS measurements reveal a relatively minor component of anomalous diffusion. In addition, our measurements do suggest that microviscosity becomes relevant in a crowded environment. We ruled out bulk viscosity as a cause of the rate enhancement by performing the actin polymerization assay in glycerol. These opposite effects of Ficoll and glycerol led us to conclude that microviscosity becomes relevant at the length scale of the reacting molecules within a crowded microenvironment. The excluded volume effect (arising from crowding) increases the effective concentration of actin, which increases the reaction rate, while the microviscosity does not increase sufficiently to lower the reaction rate. This study reveals finer details about the mechanism of MMC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhBio..12c4001R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015PhBio..12c4001R"><span>Macromolecular crowding <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to microviscosity, anomalous diffusion and accelerated actin polymerization</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rashid, Rafi; Chee, Stella Min Ling; Raghunath, Michael; Wohland, Thorsten</p> <p>2015-05-01</p> <p>Macromolecular crowding (MMC) has been used in various in vitro experimental systems to mimic in vivo physiology. This is because the crowded cytoplasm of cells contains many different types of solutes dissolved in an aqueous medium. MMC in the extracellular microenvironment is involved in maintaining stem cells in their undifferentiated state (niche) as well as in aiding their differentiation after they have travelled to new locations outside the niche. MMC at physiologically relevant fractional volume occupancies (FVOs) significantly enhances the adipogenic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells during chemically induced adipogenesis. The mechanism by which MMC produces this enhancement is not entirely known. In the context of extracellular collagen deposition, we have recently reported the importance of optimizing the FVO while minimizing the bulk viscosity. Two opposing properties will determine the net rate of a biochemical reaction: the negative effect of bulk viscosity and the positive effect of the excluded volume, the latter being expressed by the FVO. In this study we have looked more closely at the effect of viscosity on reaction rates. We have used fluorimetry to measure the rate of actin polymerization and fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) to measure diffusion of various probes in solutions containing the crowder Ficoll at physiological concentrations. Similar to its effect on collagen, Ficoll enhanced the actin polymerization rate despite increasing the bulk viscosity. Our FCS measurements reveal a relatively minor component of anomalous diffusion. In addition, our measurements do suggest that microviscosity becomes relevant in a crowded environment. We ruled out bulk viscosity as a cause of the rate enhancement by performing the actin polymerization assay in glycerol. These opposite effects of Ficoll and glycerol led us to conclude that microviscosity becomes relevant at the length scale of the reacting molecules within a crowded microenvironment. The excluded volume effect (arising from crowding) increases the effective concentration of actin, which increases the reaction rate, while the microviscosity does not increase sufficiently to lower the reaction rate. This study reveals finer details about the mechanism of MMC.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405946','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405946"><span>Driven to distraction: A lack of change <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to mind wandering.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Faber, Myrthe; Radvansky, Gabriel A; D'Mello, Sidney K</p> <p>2018-04-01</p> <p>How does the dynamic structure of the external world direct attention? We examined the relationship between event structure and attention to test the hypothesis that narrative shifts (both theoretical and perceived) negatively predict attentional lapses. Self-caught instances of mind wandering were collected while 108 participants watched a 32.5 min film called The Red Balloon. We used theoretical codings of situational change and human perceptions of event boundaries to predict mind wandering in 5-s intervals. Our findings suggest a temporal alignment between the structural dynamics of the film and mind wandering reports. Specifically, the number of situational changes and likelihood of perceiving event boundaries in the prior 0-15 s interval negatively predicted mind wandering net of low-level audiovisual features. Thus, mind wandering is less likely to occur when there is more event change, suggesting that narrative shifts keep attention from drifting inwards. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118370','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28118370"><span>Sequence Memory Constraints <span class="hlt">Give</span> <span class="hlt">Rise</span> to Language-Like Structure through Iterated Learning.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Cornish, Hannah; Dale, Rick; Kirby, Simon; Christiansen, Morten H</p> <p>2017-01-01</p> <p>Human language is composed of sequences of reusable elements. The origins of the sequential structure of language is a hotly debated topic in evolutionary linguistics. In this paper, we show that sets of sequences with language-like statistical properties can emerge from a process of cultural evolution under pressure from chunk-based memory constraints. We employ a novel experimental task that is non-linguistic and non-communicative in nature, in which participants are trained on and later asked to recall a set of sequences one-by-one. Recalled sequences from one participant become training data for the next participant. In this way, we simulate cultural evolution in the laboratory. Our results show a cumulative increase in structure, and by comparing this structure to data from existing linguistic corpora, we demonstrate a close parallel between the sets of sequences that emerge in our experiment and those seen in natural language.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379542','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28379542"><span>Neurocultural evidence that ideal affect match promotes <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Park, BoKyung; Blevins, Elizabeth; Knutson, Brian; Tsai, Jeanne L</p> <p>2017-07-01</p> <p>Why do people <span class="hlt">give</span> to strangers? We propose that people trust and <span class="hlt">give</span> more to those whose emotional expressions match how they ideally want to feel ("ideal affect match"). European Americans and Koreans played multiple trials of the Dictator Game with recipients who varied in emotional expression (excited, calm), race (White, Asian) and sex (male, female). Consistent with their culture's valued affect, European Americans trusted and gave more to excited than calm recipients, whereas Koreans trusted and gave more to calm than excited recipients. These findings held regardless of recipient race and sex. We then used fMRI to probe potential affective and mentalizing mechanisms. Increased activity in the nucleus accumbens (associated with reward anticipation) predicted <span class="hlt">giving</span>, as did decreased activity in the right temporo-parietal junction (rTPJ; associated with reduced belief prediction error). Ideal affect match decreased rTPJ activity, suggesting that people may trust and <span class="hlt">give</span> more to strangers whom they perceive to share their affective values. © The Author (2017). Published by Oxford University Press.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED14A..08K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED14A..08K"><span>Visualizing Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> with Augmented Reality</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kintisch, E. S.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Looking Glass is an application on the iPhone that visualizes in 3-D future scenarios of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, overlaid on live camera imagery in situ. Using a technology known as augmented reality, the app allows a layperson user to explore various scenarios of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> using a visual interface. Then the user can see, in an immersive, dynamic way, how those scenarios would affect a real place. The first part of the experience activates users' cognitive, quantitative thinking process, teaching them how global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, tides and storm surge contribute to flooding; the second allows an emotional response to a striking visual depiction of possible future catastrophe. This project represents a partnership between a science journalist, MIT, and the Rhode Island School of Design, and the talk will touch on lessons this projects provides on structuring and executing such multidisciplinary efforts on future design projects.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930005186','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/19930005186"><span>Atla Regio, Venus: Geology and origin of a major equatorial volcanic <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Senske, D. A.; Head, James W., III</p> <p>1992-01-01</p> <p>Regional volcanic <span class="hlt">rises</span> form a major part of the highlands in the equatorial region of Venus. These broad domical uplands, 1000 to 3000 km across, contain centers of volcanism forming large edifices and are associated with extension and rifting. Two classes of <span class="hlt">rises</span> are <span class="hlt">observed</span>: (1) those that are dominated by tectonism, acting as major centers for converging rifts such as Beta Regio and Alta Regio, and are termed tectonic junctions; and (2) those forming uplands characterized primarily by large-scale volcanism forming edifices. Western Eistla Regio and Bell Regio, where zones of extension and rifting are less developed. Within this second class of features the edifices are typically found at the end of a single rift, or are associated with a linear belt of deformation. We examine the geologic characteristics of the tectonic junction at Alta Regio, concentrating on documenting the styles of volcanism and assessing mechanisms for the formation of regional topography.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..10813019B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2011PNAS..10813019B"><span>Comparing the role of absolute sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and vertical tectonic motions in coastal flooding, Torres Islands (Vanuatu)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ballu, Valérie; Bouin, Marie-Noëlle; Siméoni, Patricia; Crawford, Wayne C.; Calmant, Stephane; Boré, Jean-Michel; Kanas, Tony; Pelletier, Bernard</p> <p>2011-08-01</p> <p>Since the late 1990s, <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels around the Torres Islands (north Vanuatu, southwest Pacific) have caused strong local and international concern. In 2002-2004, a village was displaced due to increasing sea incursions, and in 2005 a United Nations Environment Programme press release referred to the displaced village as perhaps the world's first climate change "refugees." We show here that vertical motions of the Torres Islands themselves dominate the apparent sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> on the islands. From 1997 to 2009, the absolute sea level rose by 150 + /-20 mm. But GPS data reveal that the islands subsided by 117 + /-30 mm over the same time period, almost doubling the apparent gradual sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Moreover, large earthquakes that occurred just before and after this period caused several hundreds of mm of sudden vertical motion, generating larger apparent sea-level changes than those <span class="hlt">observed</span> during the entire intervening period. Our results show that vertical ground motions must be accounted for when evaluating sea-level change hazards in active tectonic regions. These data are needed to help communities and governments understand environmental changes and make the best decisions for their future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795605','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21795605"><span>Comparing the role of absolute sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and vertical tectonic motions in coastal flooding, Torres Islands (Vanuatu).</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Ballu, Valérie; Bouin, Marie-Noëlle; Siméoni, Patricia; Crawford, Wayne C; Calmant, Stephane; Boré, Jean-Michel; Kanas, Tony; Pelletier, Bernard</p> <p>2011-08-09</p> <p>Since the late 1990s, <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels around the Torres Islands (north Vanuatu, southwest Pacific) have caused strong local and international concern. In 2002-2004, a village was displaced due to increasing sea incursions, and in 2005 a United Nations Environment Programme press release referred to the displaced village as perhaps the world's first climate change "refugees." We show here that vertical motions of the Torres Islands themselves dominate the apparent sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> on the islands. From 1997 to 2009, the absolute sea level rose by 150 + /-20 mm. But GPS data reveal that the islands subsided by 117 + /-30 mm over the same time period, almost doubling the apparent gradual sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Moreover, large earthquakes that occurred just before and after this period caused several hundreds of mm of sudden vertical motion, generating larger apparent sea-level changes than those <span class="hlt">observed</span> during the entire intervening period. Our results show that vertical ground motions must be accounted for when evaluating sea-level change hazards in active tectonic regions. These data are needed to help communities and governments understand environmental changes and make the best decisions for their future.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGP23B3673M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGP23B3673M"><span>The Hunt for Pristine Cretaceous Astronomical Rhythms at Demerara <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (Cenomanian-Coniacian)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Ma, C.; Meyers, S. R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Rhythmic Upper Cretaceous strata from Demerara <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (ODP leg 207) preserve a strong astronomical signature, and this attribute has facilitated the development of continuous astrochronologies to refine the geologic time scale and calibrate Late Cretaceous biogeochemical events. While the mere identification of astronomical rhythms is a crucial first step in many deep-time paleoceanographic investigations, accurate evaluation of often subtle amplitude and frequency modulations are required to: (1) robustly constrain the linkage between climate and sedimentation, and (2) evaluate the plausibility of different theoretical astrodynamical models. The availability of a wide range of geophysical, lithologic and geochemical data from multiple sites drilled at Demerara <span class="hlt">Rise</span> - when coupled with recent innovations in the statistical analysis of cyclostratigraphic data - provides an opportunity to hunt for the most pristine record of Cretaceous astronomical rhythms at a tropical Atlantic location. To do so, a statistical metric is developed to evaluate the "internal" consistency of hypothesized astronomical rhythms <span class="hlt">observed</span> in each data set, particularly with regard to the expected astronomical amplitude modulations. In this presentation, we focus on how the new analysis yields refinements to the existing astrochronologies, provides constraints on the linkages between climate and sedimentation (including the deposition of organic carbon-rich sediments at Demerara <span class="hlt">Rise</span>), and allows a quantitative evaluation of the continuity of deposition across sites at multiple temporal scales.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169064','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70169064"><span>Overestimation of marsh vulnerability to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Kirwan, Matthew L.; Temmerman, Stijn; Skeehan, Emily E.; Guntenspergen, Glenn R.; Fagherazzi, Sergio</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Coastal marshes are considered to be among the most valuable and vulnerable ecosystems on Earth, where the imminent loss of ecosystem services is a feared consequence of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. However, we show with a meta-analysis that global measurements of marsh elevation change indicate that marshes are generally building at rates similar to or exceeding historical sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and that process-based models predict survival under a wide range of future sea level scenarios. We argue that marsh vulnerability tends to be overstated because assessment methods often fail to consider biophysical feedback processes known to accelerate soil building with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and the potential for marshes to migrate inland.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27284863','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27284863"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> a poster presentation: a personal view.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Gray, M</p> <p>1995-09-01</p> <p>Anyone can <span class="hlt">give</span> a poster presentation. It is not difficult and certainly not as harrowing an experience as some people may think. It should be something that we should all attempt. It is certainly not as stressful or anxiety provoking as <span class="hlt">giving</span> a paper presentation for the first time. By good planning, you can be sure that your poster is good before you go to the conference. When delivering a paper, although efforts have been made to ensure the quality of the paper, circumstances on the day can hamper its delivery.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_19");'>19</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li class="active"><span>21</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_21 --> <div id="page_22" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="421"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3860070','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3860070"><span>A geological perspective on potential future sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Rohling, Eelco J.; Haigh, Ivan D.; Foster, Gavin L.; Roberts, Andrew P.; Grant, Katharine M.</p> <p>2013-01-01</p> <p>During ice-age cycles, continental ice volume kept pace with slow, multi-millennial scale, changes in climate forcing. Today, rapid greenhouse gas (GHG) increases have outpaced ice-volume responses, likely committing us to > 9 m of long-term sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> (SLR). We portray a context of naturally precedented SLR from geological evidence, for comparison with historical <span class="hlt">observations</span> and future projections. This context supports SLR of up to 0.9 (1.8) m by 2100 and 2.7 (5.0) m by 2200, relative to 2000, at 68% (95%) probability. Historical SLR <span class="hlt">observations</span> and glaciological assessments track the upper 68% limit. Hence, modern change is rapid by past interglacial standards but within the range of ‘normal’ processes. The upper 95% limit offers a useful low probability/high risk value. Exceedance would require conditions without natural interglacial precedents, such as catastrophic ice-sheet collapse, or activation of major East Antarctic mass loss at sustained CO2 levels above 1000 ppmv. PMID:24336564</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1696b0006M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AIPC.1696b0006M"><span><span class="hlt">Rising</span> dough and baking bread at the Australian synchrotron</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Mayo, S. C.; McCann, T.; Day, L.; Favaro, J.; Tuhumury, H.; Thompson, D.; Maksimenko, A.</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>Wheat protein quality and the amount of common salt added in dough formulation can have a significant effect on the microstructure and loaf volume of bread. High-speed synchrotron micro-CT provides an ideal tool for <span class="hlt">observing</span> the three dimensional structure of bread dough in situ during proving (<span class="hlt">rising</span>) and baking. In this work, the synchrotron micro-CT technique was used to <span class="hlt">observe</span> the structure and time evolution of doughs made from high and low protein flour and three different salt additives. These experiments showed that, as expected, high protein flour produces a higher volume loaf compared to low protein flour regardless of salt additives. Furthermore the results show that KCl in particular has a very negative effect on dough properties resulting in much reduced porosity. The hundreds of datasets produced and analysed during this experiment also provided a valuable test case for handling large quantities of data using tools on the Australian Synchrotron's MASSIVE cluster.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70073409','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70073409"><span>Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> <span class="hlt">observations</span> of new impact craters exposing Martian ground ice</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Dundas, Colin M.; Byrne, Shane; McEwen, Alfred S.; Mellon, Michael T.; Kennedy, Megan R.; Daubar, Ingrid J.; Saper, Lee</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Twenty small new impact craters or clusters have been <span class="hlt">observed</span> to excavate bright material inferred to be ice at mid and high latitudes on Mars. In the northern hemisphere, the craters are widely distributed geographically and occur at latitudes as low as 39°N. Stability modeling suggests that this ice distribution requires a long-term average atmospheric water vapor content around 25 precipitable microns, more than double the present value, which is consistent with the expected effect of recent orbital variations. Alternatively, near-surface humidity could be higher than expected for current column abundances if water vapor is not well-mixed with atmospheric CO2, or the vapor pressure at the ice table could be lower due to salts. Ice in and around the craters remains visibly bright for months to years, indicating that it is clean ice rather than ice-cemented regolith. Although some clean ice may be produced by the impact process, it is likely that the original ground ice was excess ice (exceeding dry soil pore space) in many cases. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of the craters suggest small-scale heterogeneities in this excess ice. The origin of such ice is uncertain. Ice lens formation by migration of thin films of liquid is most consistent with local heterogeneity in ice content and common surface boulders, but in some cases nearby thermokarst landforms suggest large amounts of excess ice that may be best explained by a degraded ice sheet.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAN...464....1W','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012AAN...464....1W"><span><span class="hlt">Observers</span> requested for Jovian Extinction Events (JEE2012)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Waagen, Elizabeth O.</p> <p>2012-07-01</p> <p>Scotty Degenhardt (Santa Fe, NM), a pioneer in the use of video for timing eclipses of solar system and stellar objects and a research member of the International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA), and colleagues are working on modeling the Jovian dust field, moon atmospheres, and Io's Torus through Jovian Extinction Events (JEE). He has invited AAVSO <span class="hlt">observers</span> to participate by <span class="hlt">observing</span> these events and reporting their <span class="hlt">observations</span>. He writes: "The next Jovian Mutual Event season (JME) is still almost two years away. But the interaction of the Jovian moons is upon us. In July and August there are multiple opportunities to record dimmings of Jovian moons via extinction of their light by the atmospheres of other moons and/or by the dust and gas material in the Torus of Io...Europa's atmosphere is documented to extend out to about 25 Europa radii from its surface. There will be numerous conjunctions, or close misses of Europa with Io and Ganymede over the next several months. Our previous study of JMEs and JEEs have shown that the source of dimming in these events is the moon that is behind the moon possessing a known tenuous atmosphere. The upcoming conjunction JEEs provide the best opportunity to document this extinction phenomenon and <span class="hlt">give</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the possibility of inverting the light curve to produce a 3D model of the dust and gasses in the Jovian system...JEE2012 is a great opportunity for amateur and professional astronomers to work together to accomplish something no one thought was possible. That is to actually detect and measure the tenuous atmospheres surrounding some of the moons of Jupiter as well as this same material that is captured in a torus ring around Jupiter, called the Torus of Io. A complete current prediction kit through Aug 2102 is available here: http://scottysmightymini.com./JEE/JEE2012_Jun_Aug.zip. A summary table of upcoming events is here: http://scottysmightymini.com/JEE/JEE2012_Jun_Aug_Table.htm. A FAQ ! file describing the JEE</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1165/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1165/"><span>Development of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios for climate change assessments of the Mekong Delta, Vietnam</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Doyle, Thomas W.; Day, Richard H.; Michot, Thomas C.</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Rising</span> sea level poses critical ecological and economical consequences for the low-lying megadeltas of the world where dependent populations and agriculture are at risk. The Mekong Delta of Vietnam is one of many deltas that are especially vulnerable because much of the land surface is below mean sea level and because there is a lack of coastal barrier protection. Food security related to rice and shrimp farming in the Mekong Delta is currently under threat from saltwater intrusion, relative sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, and storm surge potential. Understanding the degree of potential change in sea level under climate change is needed to undertake regional assessments of potential impacts and to formulate adaptation strategies. This report provides constructed time series of potential sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios for the Mekong Delta region by incorporating (1) aspects of <span class="hlt">observed</span> intra- and inter-annual sea level variability from tide records and (2) projected estimates for different rates of regional subsidence and accelerated eustacy through the year 2100 corresponding with the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) climate models and emission scenarios.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749102','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29749102"><span>Neural mechanisms of the link between <span class="hlt">giving</span> social support and health.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Inagaki, Tristen K</p> <p>2018-05-11</p> <p><span class="hlt">Giving</span> social support to others has emerged as an additional route by which social ties influence health. Thus, <span class="hlt">giving</span> support to others not only influences the health of the individual receiving support, but also the health of the individual <span class="hlt">giving</span> the support. However, the neural mechanisms by which <span class="hlt">giving</span> support leads to health are only beginning to be explored. In hopes of consolidating and guiding future research on <span class="hlt">giving</span> support and health, the current review considers why, how, and when <span class="hlt">giving</span> support is health promoting. Special emphasis is placed on neural regions known to contribute to parental care in animals that both reinforce <span class="hlt">giving</span> support behavior (ventral striatum and septal area) and reduce stress-related responding (e.g., amygdala) to facilitate care. Hypothesized links between neural regions involved in <span class="hlt">giving</span> support and peripheral physiology (sympathetic nervous system, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, and related inflammatory responding) are considered as well as the conditions under which <span class="hlt">giving</span> support should be most beneficial for health. Finally, the implications of the current perspective for understanding how social relationships, more broadly, contribute to health and suggestions for future directions are offered. © 2018 New York Academy of Sciences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=symbiosis&pg=5&id=EJ960128','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=symbiosis&pg=5&id=EJ960128"><span>Substitution or Symbiosis? Assessing the Relationship between Religious and Secular <span class="hlt">Giving</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hill, Jonathan P.; Vaidyanathan, Brandon</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Research on philanthropy has not sufficiently examined whether charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span> to religious causes impinges on <span class="hlt">giving</span> to secular causes. Examining three waves of national panel data, we find that the relationship between religious and secular <span class="hlt">giving</span> is generally not of a zero-sum nature; families that increase their religious <span class="hlt">giving</span> also…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/953366-catalytic-deoxygenation-propanediol-give-propanol','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/953366-catalytic-deoxygenation-propanediol-give-propanol"><span>Catalytic Deoxygenation of 1,2-Propanediol to <span class="hlt">Give</span> n-Propanol</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Schlaf, Marcel; Ghosh, Prasenjit; Fagan, Paul J.</p> <p>2009-03-01</p> <p>Catalytic deoxygenation of 1,2-propanediol has been studied as a model the for deoxygenation of polyols and other biomass-derived compounds. Deoxygenation of 1,2-propanediol (1.0 M in sulfolane) catalyzed by {[Cp*Ru(CO)2]2(μ-H)}+OTf – (0.5 mol %) at 110 °C under H2 (750 psi) in the presence of HOTf (60 mM) <span class="hlt">gives</span> n-propanol (54 %) as the major product, indicating a high selectivity for deoxygenation of the internal OH over the terminal OH of the diol. Di-n propyl ether forms through condensation of n-propanol with itself, and propylene glycol propyl ether arises from condensation of n-propanol with the starting material diol, <span class="hlt">giving</span> a totalmore » of up to 80 % yield for deoxygenation / hydrogenation products under these conditions. The deoxygenation of 1,2-propanediol is strongly influenced by the concentration of acid, <span class="hlt">giving</span> faster rates and proceeding to higher conversions as the concentration of HOTf is increased. There is little or no dependence of the rate on the pressure of H2. Propionaldehyde was <span class="hlt">observed</span> as an intermediate, being formed through acid-catalyzed dehydration of 1,2-propanediol. This aldehyde is hydrogenated to n-propanol through an ionic pathway involving protonation of the aldehyde, followed by hydride transfer from the neutral hydride, Cp*Ru(CO)2H. The proposed mechanism for the deoxygenation/hydrogenation reaction involves formation of a highly acidic dihydrogen complex, [Cp*Ru(CO)2(η2-H2)]+OTf-. Regeneration of the dihydrogen complex occurs through reaction of Cp*Ru(CO)2OTf with H2. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is operated by Battelle for the US Department of Energy.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G43B1052B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015AGUFM.G43B1052B"><span>Relative and Geocentric Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Along the U.S. West Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Burgette, R. J.; Watson, C. S.</p> <p>2015-12-01</p> <p>The rate of sea level change relative to the land along the West Coast of the U.S. varies over a range of +5 to -2 mm/yr, as <span class="hlt">observed</span> across the set of long-running tide gauges. We analyze tide gauge data in a network approach that accounts for temporal and spatial correlations in the time series of water levels <span class="hlt">observed</span> at the stations. This analysis yields a set of rate estimates and realistic uncertainties that are minimally affected by varying durations of <span class="hlt">observations</span>. The analysis has the greatest impact for tide gauges with short records, as the adjusted rate uncertainties for 2 to 3 decade duration tide gauges approach those estimated from unadjusted century-scale time series. We explore the sources of the wide range of <span class="hlt">observed</span> relative sea level rates through comparison with: 1) estimated vertical deformation rates derived from repeated leveling and GPS, 2) relative sea level change predicted from models of glacial isostatic adjustment, and 3) geocentric sea level rates estimated from satellite altimetry and century-scale reconstructions. Tectonic deformation is the dominant signal in the relative sea level rates along the Cascadia portion of the coast, and is consistent with along-strike variation in locking behavior on the plate interface. Rates of vertical motion are lower along the transform portion of the plate boundary and include anthropogenic effects, but there are significant tectonic signals, particularly in the western Transverse Ranges of California where the crust is shortening across reverse faults. Preliminary analysis of different strategies of estimating the magnitude of geocentric sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> suggest significant discrepancies between approaches. We will examine the implications of these discrepancies for understanding the process of regional geocentric sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, and associated projected impacts.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMNH43A1300P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009AGUFMNH43A1300P"><span>Climate Change and Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span>: A Challenge to Science and Society</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Plag, H.</p> <p>2009-12-01</p> <p>Society is challenged by the risk of an anticipated <span class="hlt">rise</span> of coastal Local Sea Level (LSL) as a consequence of future global warming. Many low-lying and often subsiding and densely populated coastal areas are under risk of increased inundation, with potentially devastating consequences for the global economy, society, and environment. Faced with a trade-off between imposing the very high costs of coastal protection and adaptation upon today's national economies and leaving the costs of potential major disasters to future generations, governments and decision makers are in need of scientific support for the development of mitigation and adaptation strategies for the coastal zone. Low-frequency to secular changes in LSL are the result of many interacting Earth system processes. The complexity of the Earth system makes it difficult to predict Global Sea Level (GSL) <span class="hlt">rise</span> and, even more so, LSL changes over the next 100 to 200 years. Humans have re-engineered the planet and changed major features of the Earth surface and the atmosphere, thus ruling out extrapolation of past and current changes into the future as a reasonable approach. The risk of rapid changes in ocean circulation and ice sheet mass balance introduces the possibility of unexpected changes. Therefore, science is challenged with understanding and constraining the full range of plausible future LSL trajectories and with providing useful support for informed decisions. In the face of largely unpredictable future sea level changes, monitoring of the relevant processes and development of a forecasting service on realistic time scales is crucial as decision support. Forecasting and "early warning" for LSL <span class="hlt">rise</span> would have to aim at decadal time scales, <span class="hlt">giving</span> coastal managers sufficient time to react if the onset of rapid changes would require an immediate response. The social, environmental, and economic risks associated with potentially large and rapid LSL changes are enormous. Therefore, in the light of the</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081778.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1081778.pdf"><span>The New Woman in "The Sun Also <span class="hlt">Rises</span>"</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yu, Xiaoping</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Hemingway is a famous American writer and a spokesman of the Lost Generation. His life attitude of the characters in the novels influenced the whole world. His first masterpiece "The Sun Also <span class="hlt">Rises</span>" contributes a lot to the <span class="hlt">rise</span> of feminism and make the world began to be familiar with a term: The New Woman through the portrayal of Brett.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866210','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/866210"><span>Short <span class="hlt">rise</span> time intense electron beam generator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Olson, Craig L.</p> <p>1987-01-01</p> <p>A generator for producing an intense relativistic electron beam having a subnanosecond current <span class="hlt">rise</span> time includes a conventional generator of intense relativistic electrons feeding into a short electrically conductive drift tube including a cavity containing a working gas at a low enough pressure to prevent the input beam from significantly ionizing the working gas. Ionizing means such as a laser simultaneously ionize the entire volume of working gas in the cavity to generate an output beam having a <span class="hlt">rise</span> time less than one nanosecond.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6115260','DOE-PATENT-XML'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/6115260"><span>Short <span class="hlt">rise</span> time intense electron beam generator</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/doepatents">DOEpatents</a></p> <p>Olson, C.L.</p> <p>1984-03-16</p> <p>A generator for producing an intense relativisitc electron beam having a subnanosecond current <span class="hlt">rise</span> time includes a conventional generator of intense relativistic electrons feeding into a short electrically conductive drift tube including a cavity containing a working gas at a low enough pressure to prevent the input beam from significantly ionizing the working gas. Ionizing means such as a laser simultaneously ionize the entire volume of working gas in the cavity to generate an output beam having a <span class="hlt">rise</span> time less than one nanosecond.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29277000','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29277000"><span>The Vaccination Kuznets Curve: Do vaccination rates <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall with income?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Sakai, Yutaro</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>This paper presents a new stylized fact about the relationship between income and childhood vaccination. It shows vaccination rates first <span class="hlt">rise</span> but then fall as income increases. This pattern is <span class="hlt">observed</span> in WHO country-level panel data, and in US county-level panel and individual-level repeated cross-section data. This data pattern suggests that both low and high-income parents are less likely to follow the standard vaccination schedule, and that such behavior is reflected in the vaccination rate at the population level. I provide several alternative explanations as to why we <span class="hlt">observe</span> this data pattern, including avoidance measures, medical care, and social segregation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160004059&hterms=sea&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dsea','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=20160004059&hterms=sea&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D50%26Ntt%3Dsea"><span>Ice Melt, Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Superstorms: Evidence from Paleoclimate Data, Climate Modeling, and Modern <span class="hlt">Observations</span> that 2C Global Warming Could Be Dangerous</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Hansen, J.; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Russell, Gary; Tselioudis, George; Cao, Junji; Rignot, Eric; <a style="text-decoration: none; " href="javascript:void(0); " onClick="displayelement('author_20160004059'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160004059_show'); toggleEditAbsImage('author_20160004059_hide'); "> <img style="display:inline; width:12px; height:12px; " src="images/arrow-up.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160004059_show"> <img style="width:12px; height:12px; display:none; " src="images/arrow-down.gif" width="12" height="12" border="0" alt="hide" id="author_20160004059_hide"></p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern <span class="hlt">observations</span> to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifying feedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Cold meltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance and heat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contact with the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize that ice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea level several meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linear response. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near the lower end of the 10-40-year range, but the record is too short to confirm the nature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, help explain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role in controlling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on global temperature and sea level. The millennial (500-2000-year) timescale of deep-ocean ventilation affects the timescale for natural CO2 change and thus the timescale for paleo-global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo-millennial timescale should not be misinterpreted as the timescale for ice sheet response to a rapid, large, human-made climate forcing. These climate feedbacks aid interpretation of events late in the prior interglacial, when sea level rose to C6-9m with evidence of extreme storms while Earth was less than 1 C</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919662R','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017EGUGA..1919662R"><span>Geodetic Earth <span class="hlt">Observation</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Rothacher, Markus</p> <p>2017-04-01</p> <p>Mankind is constantly threatened by a variety of natural disasters and global change phenomena. In order to be able to better predict and assess these catastrophic and disastrous events a continuous <span class="hlt">observation</span> and monitoring of the causative Earth processes is a necessity. These processes may happen in time scales from extremely short (earthquakes, volcano eruptions, land slides, ...) to very long (melting of ice sheets, sea level change, plate tectonics, ...). Appropriate monitoring and early warning systems must allow, therefore, the detection and quantification of catastrophic events in (near) real-time on the one hand and the reliable identification of barely noticeable, but crucial long-term trends (e.g., sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>) on the other hand. The Global Geodetic <span class="hlt">Observing</span> System (GGOS), established by the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) in 2003, already now contributes in a multitude of ways to meet this challenge, e.g., by providing a highly accurate and stable global reference frame, without which the measurement of a sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> of 2-3 mm/y would not be possible; by measuring displacements in near real-time and deformations over decades that offer valuable clues to plate tectonics, earthquake processes, tsunamis, volcanos, land slides, and glaciers dynamics; by <span class="hlt">observing</span> the mass loss of ice sheets with gravity satellite missions; and by estimating essential variables such as the amount of water vapor in the troposphere relevant for weather predictions and climate and the content of free electrons in the ionosphere crucial for space weather.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303040C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3303040C"><span>Methods of erection of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cherednichenko, Nadezhda; Oleinik, Pavel</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The article contains the factors determining the choice of methods for organizing the construction and production of construction and installation work for the construction of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings. There are also indicated specific features of their underground parts, characterized by powerful slab-pile foundations, large volumes of earthworks, reinforced bases and foundations for assembly cranes. The work cycle is considered when using reinforced concrete, steel and combined skeletons of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings; the areas of application of flow, separate and complex methods are being disclosed. The main conditions for the erection of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and their components are singled out: the choice of formwork systems, delivery and lifting of concrete mixes, installation of reinforcement, the formation of lifting and transporting and auxiliary equipment. The article prescribes the reserves of reduction in the duration of construction due to the creation of: complex mechanized technologies for the efficient construction of foundations in various soil conditions, including in the heaving, swelling, hindered, subsidence, bulk, water-saturated forms; complex mechanized technologies for the erection of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, taking into account the winter conditions of production and the use of mobile concrete-laying complexes and new generation machines; modular formwork systems, distinguished by their versatility, ease, simplicity in operation suitable for complex high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction; more perfect methodology and the development of a set of progressive organizational and technological solutions that ensure a rational relationship between the processes of production and their maximum overlap in time and space.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED13B..08G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2010AGUFMED13B..08G"><span>Online Citizen Science with Clickworkers & MRO Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> E/PO</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gulick, V. C.; Deardorff, G.; Kanefsky, B.; HiRISE Science Team</p> <p>2010-12-01</p> <p>The High-Resolution Imaging Science Experiment’s E/PO has fielded several online citizen science projects. Our efforts are guided by Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> E/PO’s philosophy of providing innovative opportunities for students and the public to participate in the scientific discovery process. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Clickworkers, a follow-on to the original Clickworkers crater identification and size diameter marking website, provides an opportunity for the public to identify & mark over a dozen landform feature types in Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images, including dunes, gullies, patterned ground, wind streaks, boulders, craters, layering, volcanoes, etc. In Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> Clickworkers, the contributor views several sample images showing variations of different landforms, and simply marks all the landform types they could spot while looking at a small portion of a Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> image. Contributors then submit their work & once validated by comparison to the output of other participants, results are then added to geologic feature databases. Scientists & others will eventually be able to query these databases for locations of particular geologic features in the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images. Participants can also mark other features that they find intriguing for the Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> camera to target. The original Clickworkers website pilot study ran from November 2000 until September 2001 (Kanefsky et al., 2001, LPSC XXXII). It was among the first online Citizen Science efforts for planetary science. In its pilot study, we endeavored to answer two questions: 1) Was the public willing & able to help science, & 2) Can the public produce scientifically useful results? Since its inception over 3,500,000 craters have been identified, & over 350,000 of these craters have been classified. Over 2 million of these craters were marked on Viking Orbiter image mosaics, nearly 800,000 craters were marked on Mars Orbiter Camera (MOC) images. Note that these are not counts of distinct craters. For example, each crater in the Viking orbiter images was counted by about 50</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss040e103496.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-iss040e103496.html"><span>Earth <span class="hlt">Observation</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>2014-08-19</p> <p>ISS040-E-103496 (19 Aug. 2014) --- On an unusually cloud-free day at the height of the dry season in Amazonia, several fires were burning, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a broad smoke pall easily seen from the International Space Station, photographed by an Expedition 40 crew member. Parts of the space station appear along the margins of the image. Against the backdrop of the dark green rainforest, several fires follow the major highway BR 163 (lower center of the image to the top left). Fires are set to clear patches of forest for agriculture, a process that reveals red-brown soils. A long line of new cleared patches snakes east from BR 163 towards the remote valley of the Rio Crepori. Extensive deforested areas in Brazil?s state of Mato Grosso appear as tan areas across the top of the image. Fires show the advance of deforestation into the state of Para, the area shown in most of this view. Para is now second after Mato Grosso in terms of deforestation acreage.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150020824','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20150020824"><span><span class="hlt">Observing</span> System Simulation Experiments</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Prive, Nikki</p> <p>2015-01-01</p> <p>This presentation <span class="hlt">gives</span> an overview of <span class="hlt">Observing</span> System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs). The components of an OSSE are described, along with discussion of the process for validating, calibrating, and performing experiments. a.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_20");'>20</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li class="active"><span>22</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_22 --> <div id="page_23" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="441"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244883','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28244883"><span>The Meaning of <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Birth: Voices of Hmong Women Living in Vietnam.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Corbett, Cheryl A; Callister, Lynn Clark; Gettys, Jamie Peterson; Hickman, Jacob R</p> <p></p> <p>Increasing knowledge about the sociocultural context of birth is essential to promote culturally sensitive nursing care. This qualitative study provides an ethnographic view of the perspectives on birthing of Hmong mothers living in the highlands of Vietnam. Unique cultural beliefs exist in Hmong culture about the spiritual and physical world as well as ritual practices associated with childbearing. This includes variations of ancestor worship, reincarnation, and healing practices by shamans. Traditionally, Hmong families take an active role in childbirth with birth frequently occurring in the home. Situated within a large collaborative anthropology project, a convenience sample of 8 Hmong women, who had recently given birth, were interviewed regarding the perinatal experience. In addition, ethnic traditional birth attendants (midwives) and other village women contributed perspectives providing richly descriptive data. This ethnographic study was conducted during 6 weeks of immersed participant <span class="hlt">observation</span> with primary data collection carried out through fieldwork. Data were analyzed to derive cultural themes from interviews and <span class="hlt">observations</span>. Significant themes included (1) valuing motherhood, (2) laboring and <span class="hlt">giving</span> birth silently, (3) <span class="hlt">giving</span> birth within the comfort of home and family, (4) feeling capable of birthing well, (5) feeling anxiety to provide for another child, and (6) embracing cultural traditions. Listening to the voices of Hmong women enhances understanding of the meaning of childbirth. Gaining greater understanding of Hmong cultural beliefs and practices can ensure childbearing women receive respectful, safe, and quality care.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6230E..17S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006SPIE.6230E..17S"><span>The <span class="hlt">RiSE</span> climbing robot: body and leg design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Saunders, A.; Goldman, D. I.; Full, R. J.; Buehler, M.</p> <p>2006-05-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">RiSE</span> robot is a biologically inspired, six legged climbing robot, designed for general mobility in scansorial (vertical walls, horizontal ledges, ground level) environments. It exhibits ground reaction forces that are similar to animal climbers and does not rely on suction, magnets or other surface-dependent specializations to achieve adhesion and shear force. We describe <span class="hlt">RiSE</span>'s body and leg design as well as its electromechanical, communications and computational infrastructure. We review design iterations that enable <span class="hlt">RiSE</span> to climb 90° carpeted, cork covered and (a growing range of) stucco surfaces in the quasi-static regime.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70047121','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70047121"><span>High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) <span class="hlt">observations</span> of glacial and periglacial morphologies in the circum-Argyre Planitia highlands, Mars</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Banks, Maria E.; McEwen, Alfred S.; Kargel, Jeffrey S.; Baker, Victor R.; Strom, Robert G.; Mellon, Michael T.; Gulick, Virginia C.; Keszthelyi, Laszlo; Herkenhoff, Kenneth E.; Pelletier, Jon D.; Jaeger, Windy L.</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>The landscape of the Argyre Planitia and adjoining Charitum and Nereidum Montes in the southern hemisphere of Mars has been heavily modified since formation of the Argyre impact basin. This study examines morphologies in the Argyre region revealed in images acquired by the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>) camera and discusses the implications for glacial and periglacial processes. Distinctive features such as large grooves, semicircular embayments in high topography, and streamlined hills are interpreted as glacially eroded grooves, cirques, and whalebacks or roche moutonnée, respectively. Large boulders scattered across the floor of a valley may be ground moraine deposited by ice ablation. Glacial interpretations are supported by the association of these features with other landforms typical of glaciated landscapes such as broad valleys with parabolic cross sections and stepped longitudinal profiles, lobate debris aprons interpreted as remnant debris covered glaciers or rock glaciers, and possible hanging valleys. Aligned boulders <span class="hlt">observed</span> on slopes may also indicate glacial processes such as fluting. Alternatively, boulders aligned on slopes and organized in clumps and polygonal patterns on flatter surfaces may indicate periglacial processes, perhaps postglaciation, that form patterned ground. At least portions of the Argyre region appear to have been modified by processes of ice accumulation, glacial flow, erosion, sediment deposition, ice stagnation and ablation, and perhaps subsequent periglacial processes. The type of bedrock erosion apparent in images suggests that glaciers were, at times, wet based. The number of superposed craters is consistent with geologically recent glacial activity, but may be due to subsequent modification.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830034339&hterms=role+stress&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Drole%2Bstress','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19830034339&hterms=role+stress&qs=Ntx%3Dmode%2Bmatchall%26Ntk%3DAll%26N%3D0%26No%3D10%26Ntt%3Drole%2Bstress"><span>The role of lithospheric stress in the support of the Tharsis <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Willemann, R. J.; Turcotte, D. L.</p> <p>1982-01-01</p> <p>It is hypothesized that the Tharsis <span class="hlt">rise</span> can be approximated as an axisymmetrical igneous construct. Linear theory for the deflection of planetary lithospheres is used to demonstrate that the lithospheric stresses required partially to support the construct are reasonable and consistent with the <span class="hlt">observed</span> radial grabens around Tharsis. The computed thickness of the elastic lithosphere is between 110 and 260 km, depending of the values assumed for crustal thickness and crustal density. The computed thickness of the Tharsis load ranges from 40 to 70 km. Since in this model the height of the geoid is not specified a priori, the agreement between the <span class="hlt">observed</span> and computed geoid is evidence for the validity of the model. The tectonics of the Tharsis region are briefly reviewed, and it is contended that all <span class="hlt">observations</span> are consistent with the loading model.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28114473','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28114473"><span>Historical Perspective on the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fall and <span class="hlt">Rise</span> of Antibiotics and Human Weight Gain.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Podolsky, Scott H</p> <p>2017-01-17</p> <p>In recent medical and popular literature, audiences have been asked to consider whether antibiotics have contributed to the <span class="hlt">rising</span> obesity epidemic. Prominent magazines have stated that weight may be adversely affected by antibiotics that destroy existing microbiomes and replace them with less helpful ones. However, there is a long history of efforts to investigate the relationship between antibiotics and human weight gain. In the early 1950s, amid initial findings that low doses of antibiotics served as growth promoters in animal livestock, investigators explored the role of antibiotics as magic bullets for human malnutrition. Nevertheless, early enthusiasm was tempered by controlled studies showing that antibiotics did not serve as useful, nonspecific growth promoters for humans. In subsequent decades, against the backdrop of <span class="hlt">rising</span> concern over antibiotic resistance, investigators studying the role of antibiotics in acute malnutrition have had to navigate a more complicated public health calculus. In a related historical stream, scientists since the 1910s have explored the role of the intestinal microflora in human health. By the 2000s, as increasing resources and more sophisticated tools were devoted to understanding the microbiome (a term coined in 2001), attention would turn to the role of antibiotics and the intestinal microflora in the <span class="hlt">rising</span> obesity epidemic. Despite scientific and commercial enthusiasm, easy answers (whether about antibiotics or probiotics) have again given way to an appreciation for the complexity of human growth. History encourages caution about our hopes for simplistic answers for presumed "fat drugs" and slimming probiotics alike.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288420','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24288420"><span>A Semiparametric Change-Point Regression Model for Longitudinal <span class="hlt">Observations</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Xing, Haipeng; Ying, Zhiliang</p> <p>2012-12-01</p> <p>Many longitudinal studies involve relating an outcome process to a set of possibly time-varying covariates, <span class="hlt">giving</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to the usual regression models for longitudinal data. When the purpose of the study is to investigate the covariate effects when experimental environment undergoes abrupt changes or to locate the periods with different levels of covariate effects, a simple and easy-to-interpret approach is to introduce change-points in regression coefficients. In this connection, we propose a semiparametric change-point regression model, in which the error process (stochastic component) is nonparametric and the baseline mean function (functional part) is completely unspecified, the <span class="hlt">observation</span> times are allowed to be subject-specific, and the number, locations and magnitudes of change-points are unknown and need to be estimated. We further develop an estimation procedure which combines the recent advance in semiparametric analysis based on counting process argument and multiple change-points inference, and discuss its large sample properties, including consistency and asymptotic normality, under suitable regularity conditions. Simulation results show that the proposed methods work well under a variety of scenarios. An application to a real data set is also given.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC21A0506X','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AGUFMGC21A0506X"><span>Assessing Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Impacts on the Surficial Aquifer in the Kennedy Space Center Region</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Xiao, H.; Wang, D.; Hagen, S. C.; Medeiros, S. C.; Warnock, A. M.; Hall, C. R.</p> <p>2014-12-01</p> <p>Global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the past century due to climate change has been seen at an average rate of approximately 1.7-2.2 mm per year, with an increasing rate over the next century. The increasing SLR rate poses a severe threat to the low-lying land surface and the shallow groundwater system in the Kennedy Space Center in Florida, resulting in saltwater intrusion and groundwater induced flooding. A three-dimensional groundwater flow and salinity transport model is implemented to investigate and evaluate the extent of floods due to <span class="hlt">rising</span> water table as well as saltwater intrusion. The SEAWAT model is chosen to solve the variable-density groundwater flow and salinity transport governing equations and simulate the regional-scale spatial and temporal evolution of groundwater level and chloride concentration. The horizontal resolution of the model is 50 m, and the vertical domain includes both the Surficial Aquifer and the Floridan Aquifer. The numerical model is calibrated based on the <span class="hlt">observed</span> hydraulic head and chloride concentration. The potential impacts of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> on saltwater intrusion and groundwater induced flooding are assessed under various sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> scenarios. Based on the simulation results, the potential landward movement of saltwater and freshwater fringe is projected. The existing water supply wells are examined overlaid with the projected salinity distribution map. The projected Surficial Aquifer water tables are overlaid with data of high resolution land surface elevation, land use and land cover, and infrastructure to assess the potential impacts of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. This study provides useful tools for decision making on ecosystem management, water supply planning, and facility management.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvD..85h5031S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2012PhRvD..85h5031S"><span>Probing the neutrino mass hierarchy with the <span class="hlt">rise</span> time of a supernova burst</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Serpico, Pasquale D.; Chakraborty, Sovan; Fischer, Tobias; Hüdepohl, Lorenz; Janka, Hans-Thomas; Mirizzi, Alessandro</p> <p>2012-04-01</p> <p>The <span class="hlt">rise</span> time of a Galactic supernova (SN) ν¯e light curve, <span class="hlt">observable</span> at a high-statistics experiment such as the Icecube Cherenkov detector, can provide a diagnostic tool for the neutrino mass hierarchy at “large” 1-3 leptonic mixing angle ϑ13. Thanks to the combination of matter suppression of collective effects at early post-bounce times on one hand and the presence of the ordinary Mikheyev-Smirnov-Wolfenstein effect in the outer layers of the SN on the other hand, a sufficiently fast <span class="hlt">rise</span> time on O(100)ms scale is indicative of an inverted mass hierarchy. We investigate results from an extensive set of stellar core-collapse simulations, providing a first exploration of the astrophysical robustness of these features. We find that for all the models analyzed (sharing the same weak interaction microphysics) the <span class="hlt">rise</span> times for the same hierarchy are similar not only qualitatively, but also quantitatively, with the signals for the two classes of hierarchies significantly separated. We show via Monte Carlo simulations that the two cases should be distinguishable at IceCube for SNe at a typical Galactic distance 99% of the time. Finally, a preliminary survey seems to show that the faster <span class="hlt">rise</span> time for inverted hierarchy as compared to normal hierarchy is a qualitatively robust feature predicted by several simulation groups. Since the viability of this signature ultimately depends on the quantitative assessment of theoretical/numerical uncertainties, our results motivate an extensive campaign of comparison of different code predictions at early accretion times with implementation of microphysics of comparable sophistication, including effects such as nucleon recoils in weak interactions.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Heel&id=EJ961912','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Heel&id=EJ961912"><span>Reliability and Validity of the Standing Heel-<span class="hlt">Rise</span> Test</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Yocum, Allison; McCoy, Sarah Westcott; Bjornson, Kristie F.; Mullens, Pamela; Burton, Gay Naganuma</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>A standardized protocol for a pediatric heel-<span class="hlt">rise</span> test was developed and reliability and validity are reported. Fifty-seven children developing typically (CDT) and 34 children with plantar flexion weakness performed three tests: unilateral heel <span class="hlt">rise</span>, vertical jump, and force measurement using handheld dynamometry. Intraclass correlation…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22432005B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22432005B"><span>Harvard <span class="hlt">Observing</span> Project (HOP): Undergraduate and graduate <span class="hlt">observing</span> opportunities</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Bieryla, Allyson; Newton, Elisabeth R.</p> <p>2014-06-01</p> <p>The Harvard <span class="hlt">Observing</span> Project (HOP) engages undergraduate students in <span class="hlt">observational</span> astronomy and <span class="hlt">gives</span> graduate students extra teaching experience beyond their required teaching fellowships. This project offers students opportunities to see if they are interested in astronomy, introduces them to scientific research, and provides an opportunity for them to interact with graduate students in an informal setting. <span class="hlt">Observations</span> are made using the 16” Clay Telescope atop the Science Center at Harvard University in Cambridge, MA. We have <span class="hlt">observed</span> as part of the Pro-Am White dwarf Monitoring (PAWM) and Target Asteroids! projects, and most recently we have been monitoring SN2014J in the Messier 82 galaxy (see poster by M. McIntosh).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol2-sec404-704.pdf','CFR'); return false;" href="https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2010-title20-vol2/pdf/CFR-2010-title20-vol2-sec404-704.pdf"><span>20 CFR 404.704 - Your responsibility for <span class="hlt">giving</span> evidence.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/browse/collectionCfr.action?selectedYearFrom=2010&page.go=Go">Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR</a></p> <p></p> <p>2010-04-01</p> <p>... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Your responsibility for <span class="hlt">giving</span> evidence. 404.704 Section 404.704 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Evidence General § 404.704 Your responsibility for <span class="hlt">giving</span> evidence. When...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..126a2013P','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E%26ES..126a2013P"><span>Multi-layer planting as a strategy of greening the transitional space in high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings: A review</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Prihatmanti, Rani; Taib, Nooriati</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The issues regarding the rapid development in the urban have resulted in the increasing number of infrastructure built, including the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings to accommodate the urban dwellers. Lack of greeneries due to the land limitation in the urban area has increased the surface radiation as well as the air temperature that leads to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomena. Where urban land is limited, growing plants vertically could be a solution. Plants, which are widely known as one of the sustainability elements in the built environment could be integrated in building as a part of urban faming by growing edible plant species. This is also to address the food security issue in the urban as well as high-density cities. Since space is limited, the function of transitional space could be optimized for the green space. This paper explores the strategy of greening transitional space in the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> setting. To <span class="hlt">give</span> a maximum impact in a limited space, multi-layer planting concept could be introduced. This concept is believed that multiple layers of plants could modify the microclimate, as well as the radiation to the building, compare to single layer plant. In addition to that, the method selected also determines the efficacy of the vertical greeneries. However, there are many other limitations related to the multi-layer planting method if installed in a transitional space that needs to be further studied. Despite its limitations, the application of vertical greeneries with multi-layer planting concept could be a promising solution for greening the limited space as well as improving the thermal comfort in the high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> building.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=brainstem&id=EJ959793','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=brainstem&id=EJ959793"><span>Neural Control of Fundamental Frequency <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Fall in Mandarin Tones</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Howell, Peter; Jiang, Jing; Peng, Danling; Lu, Chunming</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>The neural mechanisms used in tone <span class="hlt">rises</span> and falls in Mandarin were investigated. Nine participants were scanned while they named one-character pictures that required <span class="hlt">rising</span> or falling tone responses in Mandarin: the left insula and right putamen showed stronger activation between <span class="hlt">rising</span> and falling tones; the left brainstem showed weaker…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22448394','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22448394"><span>Testing for altruism and social pressure in charitable <span class="hlt">giving</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>DellaVigna, Stefano; List, John A; Malmendier, Ulrike</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>Every year, 90% of Americans <span class="hlt">give</span> money to charities. Is such generosity necessarily welfare enhancing for the giver? We present a theoretical framework that distinguishes two types of motivation: individuals like to <span class="hlt">give</span>, for example, due to altruism or warm glow, and individuals would rather not <span class="hlt">give</span> but dislike saying no, for example, due to social pressure. We design a door-to-door fund-raiser in which some households are informed about the exact time of solicitation with a flyer on their doorknobs. Thus, they can seek or avoid the fund-raiser. We find that the flyer reduces the share of households opening the door by 9% to 25% and, if the flyer allows checking a Do Not Disturb box, reduces <span class="hlt">giving</span> by 28% to 42%. The latter decrease is concentrated among donations smaller than $10. These findings suggest that social pressure is an important determinant of door-to-door <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Combining data from this and a complementary field experiment, we structurally estimate the model. The estimated social pressure cost of saying no to a solicitor is $3.80 for an in-state charity and $1.40 for an out-of-state charity. Our welfare calculations suggest that our door-to-door fund-raising campaigns on average lower the utility of the potential donors.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMP....58l2104H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017JMP....58l2104H"><span>Optimal quantum <span class="hlt">observables</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Haapasalo, Erkka; Pellonpää, Juha-Pekka</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Various forms of optimality for quantum <span class="hlt">observables</span> described as normalized positive-operator-valued measures (POVMs) are studied in this paper. We <span class="hlt">give</span> characterizations for <span class="hlt">observables</span> that determine the values of the measured quantity with probabilistic certainty or a state of the system before or after the measurement. We investigate <span class="hlt">observables</span> that are free from noise caused by classical post-processing, mixing, or pre-processing of quantum nature. Especially, a complete characterization of pre-processing and post-processing clean <span class="hlt">observables</span> is given, and necessary and sufficient conditions are imposed on informationally complete POVMs within the set of pure states. We also discuss joint and sequential measurements of optimal quantum <span class="hlt">observables</span>.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..180a2102B','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017MS%26E..180a2102B"><span>Self-<span class="hlt">Giving</span> as Spiritual Dimension in Leadership</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Benawa, A.; Tarigan, N.; Makmun, S.</p> <p>2017-03-01</p> <p>This article aims to show that today it is very important to consider the spiritual dimension in leadership, because the absence of the spiritual dimension makes it impossible for a human to evolve. As the leader, whoever should be accountable is not only on the horizontal level and at the vertical level as well. Phenomenological studies and literature about the practice of leadership are faced with a number of theories about leadership and then synthesized into more whole leadership rather than just to brand a leadership itself. Based on the assumption a leader is merely a sociological problem that needs to be completed with a spiritual dimension, while in its historical development of leadership, it is never excluded from the spiritual dimension. This article concludes that self-<span class="hlt">giving</span> as a spiritual dimension in leadership will <span class="hlt">give</span> more benefit to develop the life system as well as the purpose of leadership itself rather than the apparent leadership, which actually hurts or even manipulate the members for the sake of egoistic the leader and their inner circle. Therefore, it is very important for education to teach self-<span class="hlt">giving</span> as a spiritual dimension to all students of the World, especially in Asia.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3156165','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=3156165"><span>Comparing the role of absolute sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and vertical tectonic motions in coastal flooding, Torres Islands (Vanuatu)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Ballu, Valérie; Bouin, Marie-Noëlle; Siméoni, Patricia; Crawford, Wayne C.; Calmant, Stephane; Boré, Jean-Michel; Kanas, Tony; Pelletier, Bernard</p> <p>2011-01-01</p> <p>Since the late 1990s, <span class="hlt">rising</span> sea levels around the Torres Islands (north Vanuatu, southwest Pacific) have caused strong local and international concern. In 2002–2004, a village was displaced due to increasing sea incursions, and in 2005 a United Nations Environment Programme press release referred to the displaced village as perhaps the world’s first climate change “refugees.” We show here that vertical motions of the Torres Islands themselves dominate the apparent sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> <span class="hlt">observed</span> on the islands. From 1997 to 2009, the absolute sea level rose by 150 + /-20 mm. But GPS data reveal that the islands subsided by 117 + /-30 mm over the same time period, almost doubling the apparent gradual sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. Moreover, large earthquakes that occurred just before and after this period caused several hundreds of mm of sudden vertical motion, generating larger apparent sea-level changes than those <span class="hlt">observed</span> during the entire intervening period. Our results show that vertical ground motions must be accounted for when evaluating sea-level change hazards in active tectonic regions. These data are needed to help communities and governments understand environmental changes and make the best decisions for their future. PMID:21795605</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s95e5037.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s95e5037.html"><span>Mukai <span class="hlt">gives</span> thumbs up on middeck</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1998-10-29</p> <p>STS095-E-5037 (10-29-98) --- Holding a notebook filled with Flight Day 1 activity, payload specialist Chiaki Mukai <span class="hlt">gives</span> an "all okay" signal. The photograph was taken with an electronic still camera (ESC) at 10:04:30 GMT, Oct. 29.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144771','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24144771"><span>Head and pelvic movement symmetry in horses during circular motion and in <span class="hlt">rising</span> trot.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Robartes, Helen; Fairhurst, Harriet; Pfau, Thilo</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Lameness examinations in horses often include lungeing and ridden exercise. To incorporate these exercises into the evidence-based decision making process aided by quantitative sensor based gait analysis, guideline values for movement asymmetry are needed. In this study, movement symmetry (MS) was quantified in horses during unridden and ridden trot on the straight and on the circle. Systematic changes in MS were expected as a result of the 'asymmetrical loading' caused by circular movement, the <span class="hlt">rising</span> trot and the combination of the two. Out of 23 horses (age 4-20 years, height 13.3-17.2 hands), 13 presented within normal limits for head movement and 22 for pelvic movement. Inertial measurement units assessed MS of vertical head and sacral movement during trot in-hand, on the lunge and in <span class="hlt">rising</span> trot (straight, left/right circle). Changes in MS between straight line trot and ridden exercise on the circle were more pronounced for the head than for the sacrum. The highest amount of asymmetry was <span class="hlt">observed</span> during <span class="hlt">rising</span> trot on the circle (symmetry index of the head: 1.23 for the left rein, 0.83 for the right rein; symmetry index of the sacrum 0.84 for the left rein, 1.15 for the right rein). Change in MS was significant between exercise conditions except for the difference between head displacement maxima. Horses had greatest asymmetry during <span class="hlt">rising</span> trot on the circle, with MS values of comparable magnitude to mild lameness. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.131...55C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ThApC.131...55C"><span>The urban energy balance of a lightweight low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> neighborhood in Andacollo, Chile</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Crawford, Ben; Krayenhoff, E. Scott; Cordy, Paul</p> <p>2018-01-01</p> <p>Worldwide, the majority of rapidly growing neighborhoods are found in the Global South. They often exhibit different building construction and development patterns than the Global North, and urban climate research in many such neighborhoods has to date been sparse. This study presents local-scale <span class="hlt">observations</span> of net radiation ( Q * ) and sensible heat flux ( Q H ) from a lightweight low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> neighborhood in the desert climate of Andacollo, Chile, and compares <span class="hlt">observations</span> with results from a process-based urban energy-balance model (TUF3D) and a local-scale empirical model (LUMPS) for a 14-day period in autumn 2009. This is a unique neighborhood-climate combination in the urban energy-balance literature, and results show good agreement between <span class="hlt">observations</span> and models for Q * and Q H . The unmeasured latent heat flux ( Q E ) is modeled with an updated version of TUF3D and two versions of LUMPS (a forward and inverse application). Both LUMPS implementations predict slightly higher Q E than TUF3D, which may indicate a bias in LUMPS parameters towards mid-latitude, non-desert climates. Overall, the energy balance is dominated by sensible and storage heat fluxes with mean daytime Bowen ratios of 2.57 (<span class="hlt">observed</span> Q H /LUMPS Q E )-3.46 (TUF3D). Storage heat flux ( ΔQ S ) is modeled with TUF3D, the empirical objective hysteresis model (OHM), and the inverse LUMPS implementation. Agreement between models is generally good; the OHM-predicted diurnal cycle deviates somewhat relative to the other two models, likely because OHM coefficients are not specified for the roof and wall construction materials found in this neighborhood. New facet-scale and local-scale OHM coefficients are developed based on modeled ΔQ S and <span class="hlt">observed</span> Q * . Coefficients in the empirical models OHM and LUMPS are derived from <span class="hlt">observations</span> in primarily non-desert climates in European/North American neighborhoods and must be updated as measurements in lightweight low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> (and other) neighborhoods in</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li class="active"><span>23</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_23 --> <div id="page_24" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="461"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4044336','PMC'); return false;" href="https://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/articlerender.fcgi?tool=pmcentrez&artid=4044336"><span>Emphasis of spatial cues in the temporal fine structure during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> segments of amplitude-modulated sounds II: single-neuron recordings</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pmc">PubMed Central</a></p> <p>Marquardt, Torsten; Stange, Annette; Pecka, Michael; Grothe, Benedikt; McAlpine, David</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>Recently, with the use of an amplitude-modulated binaural beat (AMBB), in which sound amplitude and interaural-phase difference (IPD) were modulated with a fixed mutual relationship (Dietz et al. 2013b), we demonstrated that the human auditory system uses interaural timing differences in the temporal fine structure of modulated sounds only during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> portion of each modulation cycle. However, the degree to which peripheral or central mechanisms contribute to the <span class="hlt">observed</span> strong dominance of the <span class="hlt">rising</span> slope remains to be determined. Here, by recording responses of single neurons in the medial superior olive (MSO) of anesthetized gerbils and in the inferior colliculus (IC) of anesthetized guinea pigs to AMBBs, we report a correlation between the position within the amplitude-modulation (AM) cycle generating the maximum response rate and the position at which the instantaneous IPD dominates the total neural response. The IPD during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> segment dominates the total response in 78% of MSO neurons and 69% of IC neurons, with responses of the remaining neurons predominantly coding the IPD around the modulation maximum. The <span class="hlt">observed</span> diversity of dominance regions within the AM cycle, especially in the IC, and its comparison with the human behavioral data suggest that only the subpopulation of neurons with <span class="hlt">rising</span> slope dominance codes the sound-source location in complex listening conditions. A comparison of two models to account for the data suggests that emphasis on IPDs during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> slope of the AM cycle depends on adaptation processes occurring before binaural interaction. PMID:24554782</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ECSS..181...93C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ECSS..181...93C"><span>Salt marsh persistence is threatened by predicted sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Crosby, Sarah C.; Sax, Dov F.; Palmer, Megan E.; Booth, Harriet S.; Deegan, Linda A.; Bertness, Mark D.; Leslie, Heather M.</p> <p>2016-11-01</p> <p>Salt marshes buffer coastlines and provide critical ecosystem services from storm protection to food provision. Worldwide, these ecosystems are in danger of disappearing if they cannot increase elevation at rates that match sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. However, the magnitude of loss to be expected is not known. A synthesis of existing records of salt marsh elevation change was conducted in order to consider the likelihood of their future persistence. This analysis indicates that many salt marshes did not keep pace with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the past century and kept pace even less well over the past two decades. Salt marshes experiencing higher local sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> rates were less likely to be keeping pace. These results suggest that sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> will overwhelm most salt marshes' capacity to maintain elevation. Under the most optimistic IPCC emissions pathway, 60% of the salt marshes studied will be gaining elevation at a rate insufficient to keep pace with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> by 2100. Without mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions this potential loss could exceed 90%, which will have substantial ecological, economic, and human health consequences.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010837','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70010837"><span>Igneous rocks of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Engel, A.E.J.; Engel, C.G.</p> <p>1964-01-01</p> <p>The apical parts of large volcanoes along the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (islands and seamounts) are encrusted with rocks of the alkali volcanic suite (alkali basalt, andesine- and oligoclase-andesite, and trachyte). In contrast, the more submerged parts of the <span class="hlt">Rise</span> are largely composed of a tholeiitic basalt which has low concentrations of K, P, U, Th, Pb, and Ti. This tholeiitic basalt is either the predominant or the only magma generated in the earth's mantle under oceanic ridges and <span class="hlt">rises</span>. It is at least 1000-fold more abundant than the alkali suite, which is probably derived from tholeiitic basalt by magmatic differentiation in and immediately below the larger volcanoes. Distinction of oceanic tholeiites from almost all continental tholeiites is possible on the simple basis of total potassium content, with the discontinuity at 0.3 to 0.5 percent K2O by weight. Oceanic tholeiites also are readily distinguished from some 19 out of 20 basalts of oceanic islands and seamount cappings by having less than 0.3 percent K2O by weight and more than 48 percent SiO2. Deep drilling into oceanic volcanoes should, however, core basalts transitional between the oceanic tholeiites and the presumed derivative alkali basalts.The composition of the oceanic tholeiites suggests that the mantle under the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> contains less than 0.10 percent potassium oxide by weight; 0.1 part per million of uranium and 0.4 part of thorium; a potassium:rubidium ratio of about 1200 and a potassium: uranium ratio of about 104.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571584.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED571584.pdf"><span>Telling the Story of Mind<span class="hlt">Rising</span>: Minecraft, Mindfulness and Meaningful Learning</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Butler, Deirdre; Brown, Mark; Críosta, Gar Mac</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>This paper describes a unique project known as Mind<span class="hlt">Rising</span> Games. It reports how the innovative use of Minecraft™ combined with the principles of mindfulness and meaningful learning contributed to rich digital story telling. Mind<span class="hlt">Rising</span> Games was a competition, which was part of the 100-year commemoration of the Easter <span class="hlt">Rising</span>, designed to celebrate…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514044','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21514044"><span>Temperature and pressure influence on maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> during explosions of propane-air mixtures in a spherical vessel.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Razus, D; Brinzea, V; Mitu, M; Movileanu, C; Oancea, D</p> <p>2011-06-15</p> <p>The maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> during closed vessel explosions of propane-air mixtures are reported, for systems with various initial concentrations, pressures and temperatures ([C(3)H(8)]=2.50-6.20 vol.%, p(0)=0.3-1.3 bar; T(0)=298-423 K). Experiments were performed in a spherical vessel (Φ=10 cm) with central ignition. The deflagration (severity) index K(G), calculated from experimental values of maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> is examined against the adiabatic deflagration index, K(G, ad), computed from normal burning velocities and peak explosion pressures. At constant temperature and fuel/oxygen ratio, both the maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> and the deflagration indices are linear functions of total initial pressure, as reported for other fuel-air mixtures. At constant initial pressure and composition, the maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> and deflagration indices are slightly influenced by the initial temperature; some influence of the initial temperature on maximum rates of pressure <span class="hlt">rise</span> is <span class="hlt">observed</span> only for propane-air mixtures far from stoichiometric composition. The differentiated temperature influence on the normal burning velocities and the peak explosion pressures might explain this behaviour. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500368','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29500368"><span><span class="hlt">Observation</span> of microwave absorption and emission from incoherent electron tunneling through a normal-metal-insulator-superconductor junction.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Masuda, Shumpei; Tan, Kuan Y; Partanen, Matti; Lake, Russell E; Govenius, Joonas; Silveri, Matti; Grabert, Hermann; Möttönen, Mikko</p> <p>2018-03-02</p> <p>We experimentally study nanoscale normal-metal-insulator-superconductor junctions coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator. We <span class="hlt">observe</span> that bias-voltage-controllable single-electron tunneling through the junctions <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a direct conversion between the electrostatic energy and that of microwave photons. The measured power spectral density of the microwave radiation emitted by the resonator exceeds at high bias voltages that of an equivalent single-mode radiation source at 2.5 K although the phonon and electron reservoirs are at subkelvin temperatures. Measurements of the generated power quantitatively agree with a theoretical model in a wide range of bias voltages. Thus, we have developed a microwave source which is compatible with low-temperature electronics and offers convenient in-situ electrical control of the incoherent photon emission rate with a predetermined frequency, without relying on intrinsic voltage fluctuations of heated normal-metal components or suffering from unwanted losses in room temperature cables. Importantly, our <span class="hlt">observation</span> of negative generated power at relatively low bias voltages provides a novel type of verification of the working principles of the recently discovered quantum-circuit refrigerator.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008cosp...37.1816L','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008cosp...37.1816L"><span>The Leicester AATSR Global Analyser (LAGA) - <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Young Students the Opportunity to Examine Space <span class="hlt">Observations</span> of Global Climate-Related Processes</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Llewellyn-Jones, David; Good, Simon; Corlett, Gary</p> <p></p> <p>A pc-based analysis package has been developed, for the dual purposes of, firstly, providing ‘quick-look' capability to research workers inspecting long time-series of global satellite datasets of Sea-surface Temperature (SST); and, secondly, providing an introduction for students, either undergraduates, or advanced high-school students to the characteristics of commonly used analysis techniques for large geophysical data-sets from satellites. Students can also gain insight into the behaviour of some basic climate-related large-scale or global processes. The package <span class="hlt">gives</span> students immediate access to up to 16 years of continuous global SST data, mainly from the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer, currently flying on ESA's Envisat satellite. The data are available and are presented in the form of monthly averages and spatial averaged to half-degree or one-sixth degree longitude-latitude grids. There are simple button-operated facilities for defining and calculating box-averages; producing time-series of such averages; defining and displaying transects and their evolution over time; and the examination anomalous behaviour by displaying the difference between <span class="hlt">observed</span> values and values derived from climatological means. By using these facilities a student rapidly gains familiarity with such processes as annual variability, the El Nĩo effect, as well as major current systems n such as the Gulf Stream and other climatically important phenomena. In fact, the student is given immediate insights into the basic methods of examining geophysical data in a research context, without needing to acquire special analysis skills are go trough lengthy data retrieval and preparation procedures which are more generally required, as precursors to serious investigation, in the research laboratory. This software package, called the Leicester AAATSR Global Analyser (LAGA), is written in a well-known and widely used analysis language and the package can be run by using software</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fire+AND+insurance&pg=4&id=EJ022910','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=fire+AND+insurance&pg=4&id=EJ022910"><span>What's Behind <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Insurance Costs?</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Adams, Velma A.</p> <p>1970-01-01</p> <p><span class="hlt">Rising</span> risks, and losses resulting from civil disorders and vandalism are producing a squeeze on profits thus precipitating higher property insurance rates and deductibles, according to the insurance industry; while schoolmen lay the blame on industry panic. The conclusion is that school and insurance representatives must work together toward the…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029941','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/publication/70029941"><span>Mars reconnaissance orbiter's high resolution imaging science experiment (Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span>)</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>McEwen, A.S.; Eliason, E.M.; Bergstrom, J.W.; Bridges, N.T.; Hansen, C.J.; Delamere, W.A.; Grant, J. A.; Gulick, V.C.; Herkenhoff, K. E.; Keszthelyi, L.; Kirk, R.L.; Mellon, M.T.; Squyres, S. W.; Thomas, N.; Weitz, C.M.</p> <p>2007-01-01</p> <p>The Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> camera features a 0.5 m diameter primary mirror, 12 m effective focal length, and a focal plane system that can acquire images containing up to 28 Gb (gigabits) of data in as little as 6 seconds. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> will provide detailed images (0.25 to 1.3 m/pixel) covering ???1% of the Martian surface during the 2-year Primary Science Phase (PSP) beginning November 2006. Most images will include color data covering 20% of the potential field of view. A top priority is to acquire ???1000 stereo pairs and apply precision geometric corrections to enable topographic measurements to better than 25 cm vertical precision. We expect to return more than 12 Tb of Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> data during the 2-year PSP, and use pixel binning, conversion from 14 to 8 bit values, and a lossless compression system to increase coverage. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> images are acquired via 14 CCD detectors, each with 2 output channels, and with multiple choices for pixel binning and number of Time Delay and Integration lines. Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> will support Mars exploration by locating and characterizing past, present, and future landing sites, unsuccessful landing sites, and past and potentially future rover traverses. We will investigate cratering, volcanism, tectonism, hydrology, sedimentary processes, stratigraphy, aeolian processes, mass wasting, landscape evolution, seasonal processes, climate change, spectrophotometry, glacial and periglacial processes, polar geology, and regolith properties. An Internet Web site (HiWeb) will enable anyone in the world to suggest Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> targets on Mars and to easily locate, view, and download Hi<span class="hlt">RISE</span> data products. Copyright 2007 by the American Geophysical Union.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663206-observable-emission-features-black-hole-grmhd-jets-event-horizon-scales','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/biblio/22663206-observable-emission-features-black-hole-grmhd-jets-event-horizon-scales"><span><span class="hlt">Observable</span> Emission Features of Black Hole GRMHD Jets on Event Horizon Scales</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Pu, Hung-Yi; Wu, Kinwah; Younsi, Ziri</p> <p></p> <p>The general-relativistic magnetohydrodynamical (GRMHD) formulation for black hole-powered jets naturally <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a stagnation surface, where inflows and outflows along magnetic field lines that thread the black hole event horizon originate. We derive a conservative formulation for the transport of energetic electrons, which are initially injected at the stagnation surface and subsequently transported along flow streamlines. With this formulation the energy spectra evolution of the electrons along the flow in the presence of radiative and adiabatic cooling is determined. For flows regulated by synchrotron radiative losses and adiabatic cooling, the effective radio emission region is found to be finite,more » and geometrically it is more extended along the jet central axis. Moreover, the emission from regions adjacent to the stagnation surface is expected to be the most luminous as this is where the freshly injected energetic electrons are concentrated. An <span class="hlt">observable</span> stagnation surface is thus a strong prediction of the GRMHD jet model with the prescribed non-thermal electron injection. Future millimeter/submillimeter (mm/sub-mm) very-long-baseline interferometric <span class="hlt">observations</span> of supermassive black hole candidates, such as the one at the center of M87, can verify this GRMHD jet model and its associated non-thermal electron injection mechanism.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMGC21B..02A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2008AGUFMGC21B..02A"><span>Projecting Future Sea Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> for Water Resources Planning in California</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Anderson, J.; Kao, K.; Chung, F.</p> <p>2008-12-01</p> <p>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is one of the major concerns for the management of California's water resources. Higher water levels and salinity intrusion into the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta could affect water supplies, water quality, levee stability, and aquatic and terrestrial flora and fauna species and their habitat. Over the 20th century, sea levels near San Francisco Bay increased by over 0.6ft. Some tidal gauge and satellite data indicate that rates of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> are accelerating. Sea levels are expected to continue to <span class="hlt">rise</span> due to increasing air temperatures causing thermal expansion of the ocean and melting of land-based ice such as ice on Greenland and in southeastern Alaska. For water planners, two related questions are raised on the uncertainty of future sea levels. First, what is the expected sea level at a specific point in time in the future, e.g., what is the expected sea level in 2050? Second, what is the expected point of time in the future when sea levels will exceed a certain height, e.g., what is the expected range of time when the sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> by one foot? To address these two types of questions, two factors are considered: (1) long term sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> trend, and (2) local extreme sea level fluctuations. A two-step approach will be used to develop sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projection guidelines for decision making that takes both of these factors into account. The first step is developing global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> probability distributions for the long term trends. The second step will extend the approach to take into account the effects of local astronomical tides, changes in atmospheric pressure, wind stress, floods, and the El Niño/Southern Oscillation. In this paper, the development of the first step approach is presented. To project the long term sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> trend, one option is to extend the current rate of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> into the future. However, since recent data indicate rates of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> are accelerating, methods for estimating sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSEC34B1182C','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016AGUOSEC34B1182C"><span>Anthropogenic sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and adaptation in the Yangtze estuary</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Cheng, H.; Chen, J.; Chen, Z.; Ruan, R.; Xu, G.; Zeng, G.; Zhu, J.; Dai, Z.; Gu, S.; Zhang, X.; Wang, H.</p> <p>2016-02-01</p> <p>Sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is a major projected threat of climate change. There are regional variations in sea level changes, depending on both naturally the tectonic subsidence, geomorphology, naturally changing river inputs and anthropogenic driven forces as artificial reservoir water impoundment within the watershed and urban land subsidence driven by ground water depletion in the river delta. Little is known on regional sea level fall in response to the channel erosion due to the sediment discharge decline by reservoir interception in the upstream watershed, and water level <span class="hlt">rise</span> driven by anthropogenic measures as the land reclamation, deep waterway regulation and fresh water reservoir construction to the sea level change in estuaries. Changing coastal cities are situated in the delta regions expected to be threatened in various degrees. Shanghai belongs to those cities. Here we show that the anthropogenic driven sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in the Yangtze estuary from the point of view of the continuous hydrodynamic system consisted of river catchment, estuary and coastal sea. Land subsidence is cited as 4 mm/a (2011-2030). Scour depth of the estuarine channel by upstream engineering as Three Gauge Dam is estimated at 2-10 cm (2011-2030). The <span class="hlt">rise</span> of water level by deep waterway and land reclamation is estimated at 8-10 cm (2011-2030). The relative sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> will be speculated about 10 -16 cm (2011-2030), which these anthropogenic sea level changes will be imposed into the absolute sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> 2 mm/a and tectonic subsidence 1 mm/a measured in 1990s. The action guideline to the sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> strategy in the Shanghai city have been proposed to the Shanghai government as (1) recent actions (2012-2015) to upgrade the city water supply and drainage engineering and protective engineering; (2) interim actions (2016-2020) to improve sea level monitoring and early warning system, and then the special, city, regional planning considering sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>; (3) long term actions (2021</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050244990','NASA-TRS'); return false;" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2060/20050244990"><span>Evidence for Harmonic Content and Frequency Evolution of Oscillations During the <span class="hlt">Rising</span> Phase of X-ray Bursts From 4U 1636-536</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp">NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)</a></p> <p>Bgattacharyya, Sudip; Strohmayer, E.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>We report on a study of the evolution of burst oscillation properties during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> phase of X-ray bursts from 4U 1636-536 <span class="hlt">observed</span> with the proportional counter array (PCA) on board the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) . We present evidence for significant harmonic structure of burst oscillation pulses during the early <span class="hlt">rising</span> phases of bursts. This is the first such detection in burst <span class="hlt">rise</span> oscillations, and is very important for constraining neutron star structure parameters and the equation of state models of matter at the core of a neutron star. The detection of harmonic content only during the initial portions of the burst <span class="hlt">rise</span> is consistent with the theoretical expectation that with time the thermonuclear burning region becomes larger, and hence the fundamental and harmonic amplitudes both diminish. We also find, for the first time from this source, strong evidence of oscillation frequency increase during the burst <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The timing behavior of harmonic content, amplitude, and frequency of burst <span class="hlt">rise</span> oscillations may be important in understanding the spreading of thermonuclear flames under the extreme physical conditions on neutron star surfaces.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Charles+AND+W.L&id=ED184492','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Charles+AND+W.L&id=ED184492"><span>CASE Planned <span class="hlt">Giving</span> Ideas. The Best of CASE CURRENTS.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Carter, Virginia L., Ed.; Garigan, Catherine S., Ed.</p> <p></p> <p>Collected are articles by planned <span class="hlt">giving</span> (deferred <span class="hlt">giving</span>) experts on institutional commitment, policies, and programs to encourage various types of gifts to higher education institutions: bequests, unitrusts, annuity trusts, charitable income trusts (lead trusts), pooled income funds, gifts of land and so on. A major article covers how to hire…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..338a2010A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018MS%26E..338a2010A"><span>Pore Size Control in Aluminium Foam by Standardizing Bubble <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Velocity and Melt Viscosity</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Avinash, G.; Harika, V.; Sandeepika, Ch; Gupta, N.</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>In recent years, aluminium foams have found use in a wide range of applications. The properties of these foams, as good structural strength with light weight have made them as a promising structural material for aerospace industry. Foaming techniques (direct and indirect) are used to produce these foams. Direct foaming involves blowing of gas to create gas bubbles in the melt whereas indirect foaming technique uses blowing agents as metallic hydrides, which create hydrogen bubbles. Porosity and its distribution in foams directly affect its properties. This demands for more theoretical studies, to control such cellular structure and hence properties. In present work, we have studied the effect of gas bubble <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocity and melt viscosity, on pore size and its distribution in aluminium foam. A 15 PPI aluminium foam, prepared using indirect foaming technique having porosity ~86 % was used for study. In order to obtain metal foam, the bubble must not escape from the melt and should get entrapped during solidification. Our calculations suggest that bubble <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocity and melt viscosity are responsible for vertical displacement of bubble in the melt. It is <span class="hlt">observed</span> that melt viscosity opposes bubble <span class="hlt">rise</span> velocity and help the bubbles to stay in the melt, resulting in porous structure.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6677541','SCIGOV-STC'); return false;" href="https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/6677541"><span>Wind velocity-change (gust <span class="hlt">rise</span>) criteria for wind turbine design</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.osti.gov/search">DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)</a></p> <p>Cliff, W.C.; Fichtl, G.H.</p> <p>1978-07-01</p> <p>A closed-form equation is derived for root mean square (rms) value of velocity change (gust <span class="hlt">rise</span>) that occurs over the swept area of wind turbine rotor systems and an equation for rms value of velocity change that occurs at a single point in space. These formulas confirm the intuitive assumption that a large system will encounter a less severe environment than a small system when both are placed at the same location. Assuming a normal probability density function for the velocity differences, an equation is given for calculating the expected number of velocity differences that will occur in 1 hrmore » and will be larger than an arbitrary value. A formula is presented that <span class="hlt">gives</span> the expected number of velocity differences larger than an arbitrary value that will be encountered during the design life of a wind turbine. In addition, a method for calculating the largest velocity difference expected during the life of a turbine and a formula for estimating the risk of exceeding a given velocity difference during the life of the structure are given. The equations presented are based upon general atmospheric boundary-layer conditions and do not include information regarding events such as tornados, hurricanes, etc.« less</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s43-22-011.html','SCIGOVIMAGE-NASA'); return false;" href="https://images.nasa.gov/#/details-s43-22-011.html"><span>STS-43 Earth <span class="hlt">observation</span> of a colorful sunrise</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://images.nasa.gov/">NASA Image and Video Library</a></p> <p></p> <p>1991-08-11</p> <p>STS-43 Earth <span class="hlt">observation</span> taken aboard Atlantis, Orbiter Vehicle (OV) 104, captures the Earth's limb at sunrise with unusual cloud patterns silhouetted by the sunlight and <span class="hlt">rising</span> into the terminator lines.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=classification+AND+Finance&pg=6&id=ED551169','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=classification+AND+Finance&pg=6&id=ED551169"><span>Young Alumni <span class="hlt">Giving</span>: An Exploration of Institutional Strategies</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Bent, Lauren G.</p> <p>2012-01-01</p> <p>An economy struggling to <span class="hlt">rise</span> out of recession presents a difficult time for institutions of higher education as state and federal support for higher education is not keeping pace with costs (Newman, Couturier, & Scurry, 2004; Wellman, Desrochers, & Lenihan, 2009). It is essential for colleges and universities to raise funds from external…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38501','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38501"><span>Hardwood Fence Posts <span class="hlt">Give</span> Good Service</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>B. E. Carpenter; T. P. Bouler</p> <p>1962-01-01</p> <p>Very few tree species make naturally durable fence posts. Osage-orange, mulberry, black locust, cypress, and some species of cedar are known for the good service they <span class="hlt">give</span>. But in no case are their names a guarantee. Only the heartwood of these species possesses adequate durability .</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2091046M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2015IAUGA..2091046M"><span>Evolution of the solar radius during the solar cycle 24 <span class="hlt">rise</span> time</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Meftah, Mustapha</p> <p>2015-08-01</p> <p>One of the real motivations to <span class="hlt">observe</span> the solar radius is the suspicion that it might be variable. Possible temporal variations of the solar radius are important as an indicator of internal energy storage and as a mechanism for changes in the total solar irradiance. Measurements of the solar radius are of great interest within the scope of the debate on the role of the Sun in climate change. Solar energy input dominates the surface processes (climate, ocean circulation, wind, etc.) of the Earth. Thus, it appears important to know on what time scales the solar radius and other fundamental solar parameters, like the total solar irradiance, vary in order to better understand and assess the origin and mechanisms of the terrestrial climate changes. The current solar cycle is probably going to be the weakest in 100 years, which is an unprecedented opportunity for studying the variability of the solar radius during this period. This paper presents more than four years of solar radius measurements obtained with a satellite and a ground-based observatory during the solar cycle 24 <span class="hlt">rise</span> time. Our measurements show the benefit of simultaneous measurements obtained from ground and space observatories. Space <span class="hlt">observations</span> are a priori most favourable, however, space entails also technical challenges, a harsh environment, and a finite mission lifetime. The evolution of the solar radius during the <span class="hlt">rising</span> phase of the solar cycle 24 show small variations that are out of phase with solar activity.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li class="active"><span>24</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>25</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_24 --> <div id="page_25" class="hiddenDiv"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-sm-12"> <ol class="result-class" start="481"> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sound+AND+amplitude&pg=2&id=EJ697518','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=sound+AND+amplitude&pg=2&id=EJ697518"><span>Detection of Sound <span class="hlt">Rise</span> Time by Adults with Dyslexia</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hamalainen, J.; Leppanen, P.H.T.; Torppa, M.; Muller, K.; Lyytinen, H.</p> <p>2005-01-01</p> <p>Low sensitivity to amplitude modulated (AM) sounds is reported to be associated with dyslexia. An important aspect of amplitude modulation cycles are the <span class="hlt">rise</span> and fall times within the sound. In this study, simplified stimuli equivalent to just one cycle were used and sensitivity to varying <span class="hlt">rise</span> times was explored. Adult participants with dyslexia…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38407','TREESEARCH'); return false;" href="https://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/pubs/38407"><span>Important parameters for smoke plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> simulation with Daysmoke</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/">Treesearch</a></p> <p>L. Liu; G.L. Achtemeier; S.L. Goodrick; W. Jackson</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>Daysmoke is a local smoke transport model and has been used to provide smoke plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> information. It includes a large number of parameters describing the dynamic and stochastic processes of particle upward movement, fallout, fluctuation, and burn emissions. This study identifies the important parameters for Daysmoke simulations of plume <span class="hlt">rise</span> and seeks to understand...</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Kerr%2c+W+J%3b+Lindsay%2c+D+M%3b+Watson%2c+S&pg=5&id=EJ796971','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=Kerr%2c+W+J%3b+Lindsay%2c+D+M%3b+Watson%2c+S&pg=5&id=EJ796971"><span>Advancing the Assessment of Parent-Child Interactions: Development of the Parent Instruction-<span class="hlt">Giving</span> Game with Youngsters</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Hupp, Stephen D. A.; Reitman, David; Forde, Debra A.; Shriver, Mark D.; Kelley, Mary Lou</p> <p>2008-01-01</p> <p>This study investigates the validity of the Parent Instruction-<span class="hlt">Giving</span> Game with Youngsters (PIGGY), a newly developed direct-<span class="hlt">observation</span> system. The PIGGY is a derivative of the Dyadic Parent-Child Interaction Coding System II [DPICS-II; Eyberg, S. M., Bessmer, J., Newcomb, K., Edwards, D., Robinson, E. (1994). Manual for the Dyadic Parent-Child…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22647926','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22647926"><span>Gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> in the medical student--patient relationship.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Alamri, Yassar Abdullah S</p> <p>2012-08-01</p> <p>There is paucity in the published literature that provides any ethical guidance guiding gift-<span class="hlt">giving</span> within the student--patient relationship. This is perhaps because the dynamics of the medical student--patient relationship have not yet been explored as extensively as the doctor--patient relationship. More importantly, however, gift--<span class="hlt">giving</span> in the doctor-patient relationship has traditionally been from the patient to the doctor and not vice versa. This article examines the literature published in this vicinity reflecting on an encounter with a patient.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23212578','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23212578"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> voice to vulnerable people: the value of shadowing for phenomenological healthcare research.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>van der Meide, Hanneke; Leget, Carlo; Olthuis, Gert</p> <p>2013-11-01</p> <p>Phenomenological healthcare research should include the lived experiences of a broad group of healthcare users. In this paper it is shown how shadowing can <span class="hlt">give</span> a voice to people in vulnerable situations who are often excluded from interview studies. Shadowing is an <span class="hlt">observational</span> method in which the researcher <span class="hlt">observes</span> an individual during a relatively long time. Central aspects of the method are the focus on meaning expressed by the whole body, and an extended stay of the researcher in the phenomenal event itself. Inherent in shadowing is a degree of ambivalence that both challenges the researcher and provides meaningful insights about the phenomenon. A case example of a phenomenological study on the experiences of elderly hospital patients is used to show what shadowing yields.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...528L..85A','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2000ApJ...528L..85A"><span>Radio Emission from Three-dimensional Relativistic Hydrodynamic Jets: <span class="hlt">Observational</span> Evidence of Jet Stratification</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Aloy, Miguel-Angel; Gómez, José-Luis; Ibáñez, José-María; Martí, José-María; Müller, Ewald</p> <p>2000-01-01</p> <p>We present the first radio emission simulations from high-resolution three-dimensional relativistic hydrodynamic jets; these simulations allow us to study the <span class="hlt">observational</span> implications of the interaction between the jet and the external medium. This interaction <span class="hlt">gives</span> <span class="hlt">rise</span> to a stratification of the jet in which a fast spine is surrounded by a slow high-energy shear layer. The stratification (in particular, the large specific internal energy and slow flow in the shear layer) largely determines the emission from the jet. If the magnetic field in the shear layer becomes helical (e.g., resulting from an initial toroidal field and an aligned field component generated by shear), the emission shows a cross section asymmetry, in which either the top or the bottom of the jet dominates the emission. This, as well as limb or spine brightening, is a function of the viewing angle and flow velocity, and the top/bottom jet emission predominance can be reversed if the jet changes direction with respect to the <span class="hlt">observer</span> or if it presents a change in velocity. The asymmetry is more prominent in the polarized flux because of field cancellation (or amplification) along the line of sight. Recent <span class="hlt">observations</span> of jet cross section emission asymmetries in the blazar 1055+018 can be explained by assuming the existence of a shear layer with a helical magnetic field.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301029Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018E3SWC..3301029Y"><span>Structural and compositional features of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings: experimental design in Yekaterinburg</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yankovskaya, Yulia; Lobanov, Yuriy; Temnov, Vladimir</p> <p>2018-03-01</p> <p>The study looks at the specifics of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> development in Yekaterinburg. High-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings are considered in the context of their historical development, structural features, compositional and imaginative design techniques. Experience of Yekaterinburg architects in experimental design is considered and analyzed. Main issues and prospects of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> development within the Yekaterinburg structure are studied. The most interesting and significant conceptual approaches to the structural and compositional arrangement of high-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings are discussed.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17819229','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17819229"><span>Hydrothermal germanium over the southern East pacific <span class="hlt">rise</span>.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Mortlock, R A; Froelich, P N</p> <p>1986-01-03</p> <p>Germanium enrichment in the oceanic water column above the southern axis of the East Pacific <span class="hlt">Rise</span> results from hydrothermal solutions emanating from hot springs along the <span class="hlt">rise</span> crest. This plume signature provides a new oceanic tracer of reactions between seawater and sea floor basalts during hydrothermal alteration. In contrast to the sharp plumes of (3)He and manganese, the germanium plume is broad and diffuse, suggesting the existence of pervasive venting of low-temperature solutions off the ridge axis.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.3761H','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016ACP....16.3761H"><span>Ice melt, sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and superstorms: evidence from paleoclimate data, climate modeling, and modern <span class="hlt">observations</span> that 2 °C global warming could be dangerous</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Hansen, James; Sato, Makiko; Hearty, Paul; Ruedy, Reto; Kelley, Maxwell; Masson-Delmotte, Valerie; Russell, Gary; Tselioudis, George; Cao, Junji; Rignot, Eric; Velicogna, Isabella; Tormey, Blair; Donovan, Bailey; Kandiano, Evgeniya; von Schuckmann, Karina; Kharecha, Pushker; Legrande, Allegra N.; Bauer, Michael; Lo, Kwok-Wai</p> <p>2016-03-01</p> <p>We use numerical climate simulations, paleoclimate data, and modern <span class="hlt">observations</span> to study the effect of growing ice melt from Antarctica and Greenland. Meltwater tends to stabilize the ocean column, inducing amplifying feedbacks that increase subsurface ocean warming and ice shelf melting. Cold meltwater and induced dynamical effects cause ocean surface cooling in the Southern Ocean and North Atlantic, thus increasing Earth's energy imbalance and heat flux into most of the global ocean's surface. Southern Ocean surface cooling, while lower latitudes are warming, increases precipitation on the Southern Ocean, increasing ocean stratification, slowing deepwater formation, and increasing ice sheet mass loss. These feedbacks make ice sheets in contact with the ocean vulnerable to accelerating disintegration. We hypothesize that ice mass loss from the most vulnerable ice, sufficient to raise sea level several meters, is better approximated as exponential than by a more linear response. Doubling times of 10, 20 or 40 years yield multi-meter sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> in about 50, 100 or 200 years. Recent ice melt doubling times are near the lower end of the 10-40-year range, but the record is too short to confirm the nature of the response. The feedbacks, including subsurface ocean warming, help explain paleoclimate data and point to a dominant Southern Ocean role in controlling atmospheric CO2, which in turn exercised tight control on global temperature and sea level. The millennial (500-2000-year) timescale of deep-ocean ventilation affects the timescale for natural CO2 change and thus the timescale for paleo-global climate, ice sheet, and sea level changes, but this paleo-millennial timescale should not be misinterpreted as the timescale for ice sheet response to a rapid, large, human-made climate forcing. These climate feedbacks aid interpretation of events late in the prior interglacial, when sea level rose to +6-9 m with evidence of extreme storms while Earth was less than 1 </p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED41A0715D','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2013AGUFMED41A0715D"><span>Sea-Level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> and Flood Potential along the California Coast</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Delepine, Q.; Leung, C.</p> <p>2013-12-01</p> <p>Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is becoming an ever-increasing problem in California. Sea-level is expected to <span class="hlt">rise</span> significantly in the next 100 years, which will raise flood elevations in coastal communities. This will be an issue for private homeowners, businesses, and the state. One study suggests that Venice Beach could lose a total of at least $440 million in tourism spending and tax dollars from flooding and beach erosion if sea level <span class="hlt">rises</span> 1.4 m by 2100. In addition, several airports, such as San Francisco International Airport, are located in coastal regions that have flooded in the past and will likely be flooded again in the next 30 years, but sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> is expected to worsen the effects of flooding in the coming decades It is vital for coastal communities to understand the risks associated with sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> so that they can plan to adapt to it. By obtaining accurate LiDAR elevation data from the NOAA Digital Coast Website (http://csc.noaa.gov/dataviewer/?keyword=lidar#), we can create flood maps to simulate sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> and flooding. The data are uploaded to ArcGIS and contour lines are added for different elevations that represent future coastlines during 100-year flooding. The following variables are used to create the maps: 1. High-resolution land surface elevation data - obtained from NOAA 2. Local mean high water level - from USGS 3. Local 100-year flood water level - from the Pacific Institute 4. Sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> projections for different future dates (2030, 2050, and 2100) - from the National Research Council The values from the last three categories are added to represent sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> plus 100-year flooding. These values are used to make the contour lines that represent the projected flood elevations, which are then exported as KML files, which can be opened in Google Earth. Once these KML files are made available to the public, coastal communities will gain an improved understanding of how flooding and sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> might affect them in the future</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G23B..06Y','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFM.G23B..06Y"><span>A new method to estimate global mass transport and its implication for sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Yi, S.; Heki, K.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>Estimates of changes in global land mass by using GRACE <span class="hlt">observations</span> can be achieved by two methods, a mascon method and a forward modeling method. However, results from these two methods show inconsistent secular trend. Sea level budget can be adopted to validate the consistency among <span class="hlt">observations</span> of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> by altimetry, steric change by the Argo project, and mass change by GRACE. Mascon products from JPL, GSFC and CSR are compared here, we find that all these three products cannot achieve a reconciled sea level budget, while this problem can be solved by a new forward modeling method. We further investigate the origin of this difference, and speculate that it is caused by the signal leakage from the ocean mass. Generally, it is well recognized that land signals leak into oceans, but it also happens the other way around. We stress the importance of correction of leakage from the ocean in the estimation of global land masses. Based on a reconciled sea level budget, we confirmed that global sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> has been accelerating significantly over 2005-2015, as a result of the ongoing global temperature increase.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED565865.pdf','ERIC'); return false;" href="http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED565865.pdf"><span><span class="hlt">RISE</span> Evaluation and Development System: Student Learning Objectives Handbook</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Indiana Department of Education, 2016</p> <p>2016-01-01</p> <p>With the help of teachers and leaders throughout the state, the Indiana Department of Education has developed an optional model teacher evaluation system named <span class="hlt">RISE</span>. Whether corporations choose to adopt <span class="hlt">RISE</span> or a model of their own, the department's goal is to assist corporations in developing or adopting models that both comply with IC 20-28-11.5…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC13L..08K','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AGUFMGC13L..08K"><span>Building more effective sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> models for coastal management</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Kidwell, D.; Buckel, C.; Collini, R.; Meckley, T.</p> <p>2017-12-01</p> <p>For over a decade, increased attention on coastal resilience and adaptation to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> has resulted in a proliferation of predictive models and tools. This proliferation has enhanced our understanding of our vulnerability to sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, but has also led to stakeholder fatigue in trying to realize the value of each advancement. These models vary in type and complexity ranging from GIS-based bathtub viewers to modeling systems that dynamically couple complex biophysical and geomorphic processes. These approaches and capabilities typically have the common purpose using scenarios of global and regional sea level change to inform adaptation and mitigation. In addition, stakeholders are often presented a plethora of options to address sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> issues from a variety of agencies, academics, and consulting firms. All of this can result in confusion, misapplication of a specific model/tool, and stakeholder feedback of "no more new science or tools, just help me understand which one to use". Concerns from stakeholders have led to the question; how do we move forward with sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> modeling? This presentation will provide a synthesis of the experiences and feedback derived from NOAA's Ecological Effects of Sea level <span class="hlt">Rise</span> (EESLR) program to discuss the future of predictive sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> impact modeling. EESLR is an applied research program focused on the advancement of dynamic modeling capabilities in collaboration with local and regional stakeholders. Key concerns from stakeholder engagement include questions about model uncertainty, approaches for model validation, and a lack of cross-model comparisons. Effective communication of model/tool products, capabilities, and results is paramount to address these concerns. Looking forward, the most effective predictions of sea level <span class="hlt">rise</span> impacts on our coast will be attained through a focus on coupled modeling systems, particularly those that connect natural processes and human response.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1021/','USGSPUBS'); return false;" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2004/1021/"><span>Coastal vulnerability assessment of Olympic National Park to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span></span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://pubs.er.usgs.gov/pubs/index.jsp?view=adv">USGS Publications Warehouse</a></p> <p>Pendleton, Elizabeth A.; Hammar-Klose, Erika S.; Thieler, E. Robert; Williams, S. Jeffress</p> <p>2004-01-01</p> <p>A coastal vulnerability index (CVI) was used to map the relative vulnerability of the coast to future sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> within Olympic National Park (OLYM), Washington. The CVI scores the following in terms of their physical contribution to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>-related coastal change: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, rate of relative sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>, shoreline change rates, mean tidal range and mean wave height. The rankings for each variable were combined and an index value calculated for 1-minute grid cells covering the park. The CVI highlights those regions where the physical effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> might be the greatest. This approach combines the coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, yielding a quantitative, although relative, measure of the park's natural vulnerability to the effects of sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span>. The CVI provides an objective technique for evaluation and long-term planning by scientists and park managers. The Olympic National Park coast consists of rocky headlands, pocket beaches, glacial-fluvial features, and sand and gravel beaches. The Olympic coastline that is most vulnerable to sea-level <span class="hlt">rise</span> are beaches in gently sloping areas.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ascl.soft02009M','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018ascl.soft02009M"><span>astroplan: <span class="hlt">Observation</span> planning package for astronomers</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Morris, Brett M.; Tollerud, Erik; Sipocz, Brigitta; Deil, Christoph; Douglas, Stephanie T.; Berlanga Medina, Jazmin; Vyhmeister, Karl; Price-Whelan, Adrian M.; Jeschke, Eric</p> <p>2018-02-01</p> <p>astroplan is a flexible toolbox for <span class="hlt">observation</span> planning and scheduling. It is powered by Astropy (ascl:1304.002); it works for Python beginners and new <span class="hlt">observers</span>, and is powerful enough for observatories preparing nightly and long-term schedules as well. It calculates <span class="hlt">rise</span>/set/meridian transit times, alt/az positions for targets at observatories anywhere on Earth, and offers built-in plotting convenience functions for standard <span class="hlt">observation</span> planning plots (airmass, parallactic angle, sky maps). It can also determine the <span class="hlt">observability</span> of sets of targets given an arbitrary set of constraints (i.e., altitude, airmass, moon separation/illumination, etc.).</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18161379','PUBMED'); return false;" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18161379"><span>[Transformer winding's temperature <span class="hlt">rising</span> and an analysis of its uncertainty].</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?DB=pubmed">PubMed</a></p> <p>Wang, Pei-Lian; Chen, Yu-En; Zhong, Sheng-Kui</p> <p>2007-09-01</p> <p>This paper introduces the temperature <span class="hlt">rising</span> experimental process and some matters needing attention when the transformer is normally loading. And an analysis of the uncertainty for transformer's temperature <span class="hlt">rising</span> is also made based on the practical examples' data.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=rational+AND+appeal&pg=2&id=ED518968','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=rational+AND+appeal&pg=2&id=ED518968"><span>Doctoral Alumni <span class="hlt">Giving</span>: Motivations for Donating to the University of Pennsylvania</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Mastroieni, Anita</p> <p>2010-01-01</p> <p>This study sought to ascertain the specific motivations behind doctoral alumni <span class="hlt">giving</span>. Most U.S. colleges and universities depend on alumni <span class="hlt">giving</span> to supplement revenues from tuition and governmental support; however, relatively little alumni <span class="hlt">giving</span> is generated from PhD graduates. The result is untapped revenue for doctoral-granting institutions.…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('https://eric.ed.gov/?q=corporate+AND+financial+AND+culture&pg=4&id=ED413838','ERIC'); return false;" href="https://eric.ed.gov/?q=corporate+AND+financial+AND+culture&pg=4&id=ED413838"><span><span class="hlt">Giving</span> USA 1997: The Annual Report on Philanthropy for the Year 1996.</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/extended.jsp?_pageLabel=advanced">ERIC Educational Resources Information Center</a></p> <p>Kaplan, Ann E., Ed.</p> <p></p> <p>This report presents a comprehensive review of private philanthropy in the United States during 1996. After a preliminary section, the first section presents data on <span class="hlt">giving</span>, using text, graphs, and charts. Sections cover: overall 1996 contributions; changes in <span class="hlt">giving</span> by source and use; total <span class="hlt">giving</span> (1966-1996); inflation-adjusted <span class="hlt">giving</span> in 5-year…</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1899f0014G','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2017AIPC.1899f0014G"><span>Space-planning and structural solutions of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings: Optimal selection methods</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Gusakova, Natalya; Minaev, Nikolay; Filushina, Kristina; Dobrynina, Olga; Gusakov, Alexander</p> <p>2017-11-01</p> <p>The present study is devoted to elaboration of methodology used to select appropriately the space-planning and structural solutions in low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings. Objective of the study is working out the system of criteria influencing the selection of space-planning and structural solutions which are most suitable for low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings and structures. Application of the defined criteria in practice aim to enhance the efficiency of capital investments, energy and resource saving, create comfortable conditions for the population considering climatic zoning of the construction site. Developments of the project can be applied while implementing investment-construction projects of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> housing at different kinds of territories based on the local building materials. The system of criteria influencing the optimal selection of space-planning and structural solutions of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings has been developed. Methodological basis has been also elaborated to assess optimal selection of space-planning and structural solutions of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings satisfying the requirements of energy-efficiency, comfort and safety, and economical efficiency. Elaborated methodology enables to intensify the processes of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction development for different types of territories taking into account climatic zoning of the construction site. Stimulation of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> construction processes should be based on the system of approaches which are scientifically justified; thus it allows enhancing energy efficiency, comfort, safety and economical effectiveness of low-<span class="hlt">rise</span> buildings.</p> </li> <li> <p><a target="_blank" onclick="trackOutboundLink('http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22331301S','NASAADS'); return false;" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014AAS...22331301S"><span><span class="hlt">Observations</span> <span class="hlt">give</span> us CLUES to Cosmic Flows' origins</span></a></p> <p><a target="_blank" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abstract_service.html">NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)</a></p> <p>Sorce, Jenny; Courtois, H.; Gottloeber, S.; Hoffman, Y.; Pomarede, D.; Tully, R. B.; Flows, Cosmic; CLUES</p> <p>2014-01-01</p> <p>In an era where the wealth of telescope-data and the development of computer superclusters keep increasing, the knowledge of Large Scale Structures' formation and evolution constitutes a tremendous challenge. Within this context the project Cosmic Flows has recently produced a catalog of peculiar velocities up to 150 Mpc. These velocities, obtained from direct distance measurements, are ideal markers of the underlying gravitational potential. They form a fantastic input to perform constrained simulations of the Local Universe within the CLUES project. A new method has recently been elaborated to achieve these simulations which prove to be excellent replicas of our neighborhood. The Wiener-Filter, the Reverse Zel'dovich Approximation and the Constrained Realization techniques are combined to build Initial Conditions. The resulting second generation of constrained simulations presents us the formidable history of the Great Attractor's and nearby supercluster's formation.</p> </li> </ol> <div class="pull-right"> <ul class="pagination"> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_1");'>«</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_21");'>21</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_22");'>22</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_23");'>23</a></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_24");'>24</a></li> <li class="active"><span>25</span></li> <li><a href="#" onclick='return showDiv("page_25");'>»</a></li> </ul> </div> </div><!-- col-sm-12 --> </div><!-- row --> </div><!-- page_25 --> <div class="footer-extlink text-muted" style="margin-bottom:1rem; text-align:center;">Some links on this page may take you to non-federal websites. Their policies may differ from this site.</div> </div><!-- container --> <footer><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><nav><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><ul class="links"><a id="backToTop" href="#top"> </a><li><a id="backToTop" href="#top"></a><a href="/sitemap.html">Site Map</a></li> <li><a href="/members/index.html">Members Only</a></li> <li><a href="/website-policies.html">Website Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://doe.responsibledisclosure.com/hc/en-us" target="_blank">Vulnerability Disclosure Program</a></li> <li><a href="/contact.html">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> <div class="small">Science.gov is maintained by the U.S. Department of Energy's <a href="https://www.osti.gov/" target="_blank">Office of Scientific and Technical Information</a>, in partnership with <a href="https://www.cendi.gov/" target="_blank">CENDI</a>.</div> </nav> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- // var lastDiv = ""; function showDiv(divName) { // hide last div if (lastDiv) { document.getElementById(lastDiv).className = "hiddenDiv"; } //if value of the box is not nothing and an object with that name exists, then change the class if (divName && document.getElementById(divName)) { document.getElementById(divName).className = "visibleDiv"; lastDiv = divName; } } //--> </script> <script> /** * Function that tracks a click on an outbound link in Google Analytics. * This function takes a valid URL string as an argument, and uses that URL string * as the event label. */ var trackOutboundLink = function(url,collectionCode) { try { h = window.open(url); setTimeout(function() { ga('send', 'event', 'topic-page-click-through', collectionCode, url); }, 1000); } catch(err){} }; </script> <!-- Google Analytics --> <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); ga('create', 'UA-1122789-34', 'auto'); ga('send', 'pageview'); </script> <!-- End Google Analytics --> <script> showDiv('page_1') </script> </body> </html>